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outlines
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OUTLINES
BRITISH FUNGOLOGY
SUPPLEMENT.
OUTLINES
BRITISH FUNGOLOdY.
SUPPLEMENT.
WORTHINGTON G. SMITH,
F.L.S., M.A.I., F. U.S.A. IRELAND;
AUTHOU OF 'dISEASKS OF FIi;i,n AND GARDEN CROPS,' El
LONDON :
L. REEVE & CO., HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN
1891.
PREFACE.
Thirty' years have passed since the first edition of the
Outlines of British Fungoloyy was published. During this
time the species of fungi known to be British have more
than doubled in number. Not only new species, but many
new genera of fungi have been added to the British lists.
Mr. Berkeley, in the first edition of this work_, was only
able to partially avail himself of Fries' writings. In 1876
Fries published his latest work on the higher fungi,
or Hymenomyeetes, under the name of Hijmeiiomycetes
Eu7'opcei sive Epicriseos Sijstematis Mycoloyici. In that
work Fries reviewed the whole family, added several new
sub-genera to the genus Agaricus^ as well as new genera
elsewhere, and abolished as spurious several genera
originally established, and incorporated by Mr. Berkeley in
his Outlines.
The additions and alterations being so extensive, the
publishers determined upon the issue of a new edition,
which should bring the record of the larger fungi up to
the present state of knowledge, and the first idea was to
publish a supplement with the names and descriptions of
the new British species. On making this attempt, it was
found to be thoroughly impracticable, owing to name
alterations and to the re-arrangement of many groups of
108152
VI PHEFACE.
vspecies by Fries, and their transference sometimes to other
sub-genera or even genera. As the number of new
British species was found to exceed the number of the
old, it was decided to make the supplementary part of the
new edition include the names of the whole of the British
species of Hymenomycetes. The species as given in the first
edition of the Outlines are not re-described in this volume,
but the page at which the description may be found in the
first volume is given after the name. This plan has fur-
nished the opportunity of adding the diameter of the pileus
to the descriptions of nearly all the Hymenomycetes.
This addition is most necessary, as one of the first facts a
beginner wishes to acquaint himself with is the size of the
fungus described. A few species of fungi vary greatly
in superficies, but the majority have an average size.
Another addition, which it is hoped will be found of
value, especially to London students, is the marking of all
the species hitherto found in Epping Forest.
The new descriptions have been made as short as
possible, according to Mr. Berkeley's original plan. Fries
has described nearly all his species three, four, or more
times, and the longest descriptions are in his Motiographia
Hijminomycetvm Sttecue and Hi/incnomi/cetes Et/rojuei. The
descriptions of Fries' species in the present volume have
been condensed from the two works just quoted. It has
not been thought necessary to repeat generic, sub-generic,
and sectional characters in the specific descriptions. For
instance, if " gills decurrent " is found as a sub-generic
or sectional character, it must be understood that this
character applies to every species in the sub-genus or
section which follows, unless otherwise pointed out in the
specific description. The generic and sub-generic charac-
PKEFACE. vn
ters^ as given by Mr. Berkeley, are not repeated in the
present volume, but the page at which the description may
be found in Vol. I. is in every instance given. The
characters of all new genera and sub-genera are given in
full, and the minor sectional characters as given in the
present volume will be found to aid greatly in the deter-
mination of species ; in fact, as Vol. II. contains more
specific descriptions than Vol. I., as well as a complete list
of all the higher fungi recorded for Britain up to date, it is
obvious that Vol. II. should be used for the determination
of species and Vol. I. as a supplement.
The following is the sequence of the sixty-three genera
of Hymenomycetes, as given in the present volume : —
1
Agaric us.
2
Moiitagnites.
3
Coprinus.
4.
Bolbitius.
5.
Cortinarius.
6.
Gomphidius.
7.
Paxillns.
8.
Hygrophorus.
il.
Lactarius.
10.
Russula.
11.
Cantharellus.
12.
Arrhenia.
13.
Nyctalis.
14.
Marasmius.
15.
Lentinus.
IG.
Panus.
17.
Xerotus.
18.
Trogia.
19.
Schizophyllum
20.
Lenzites.
21.
Boletus.
22.
Strobilomycers.
23.
Fistulina.
24.
Polyporus.
25.
Trametes.
20. Ua^dalea.
27. Hexagonia.
28. Favolus.
29. Merulius.
30. Porothelium.
31. Solenia.
32. Hydnum.
33. Hericium.
34. Tremellodon.
35. Sistotrema.
36. Irpex.
37. Radulum.
38. Phlebia.
39. Grandinia.
40. Odontia.
41. Kneiffia.
42. Mucronella.
43. Craterellus.
44. Thelephora.
45. Cladoderris.
46. Stereum.
47. Auricularia.
48. Corticium.
49. Cyphella.
.')(>. Sparassis.
51. Clavaria.
52. Calocera.
53. Pterula.
54. Typhula.
55. Pistillaria.
56. Microcera.
57. Tremella.
58. Exidia.
59. Hirncola.
60. Femsjonia.
61. Najmatelia.
62. Guepinia.
(i;;. Dacrvmvces.
The forty-one siib-genera of Agaricus follow each other
in the following order : —
Series 1.— Leucospoei.
Scries .}.— Dermini.
White spores.
Broirn spores.
1. Amanita.
22
Acetabularia.
2. Amanitopsis.
23
Togaria.
3. Lopiota.
24
Pluteolus.
4. Schulzeria.
1 25
Pholiota.
5. Hiatula.
26.
Inocybe.
6. Armillaria.
Hebeloma.
7. Tricholoma.
28.
Flammula.
8. Clitocybe.
29.
Naucoria
9. Collybia.
3(1.
Galera.
10. Mycena.
31.
Tubaria.
11. Omphalia.
32.
Crepidotus.
12. Pleurotus.
Serie.s 4.— PratelL/E.
Furple spores.
Sories 2.— Hyporhodii.
33.
Chitonia.
Bosif spores.
34.
Psalliota.
18. Volvaria.
35.
Pilosace.
14. Annularia.
36.
Stropharia.
15. Pluteus.
37.
Hypholoma.
16. Eiitoloiiia.
38.
Psilocybe.
17. Clitopihis.
39.
Psathyra.
IS. l.eptoiiia.
19. Nolanoa.
20. Eccilia.
Series 5.— Coprinaiui
Black spores.
21. Claudopiis.
40.
Panteolus.
41.
Psafhyrella.
Amongst the new sub-genera of Agaricus, Hiatula,
p. 11, is placed in this work amongst the white-spored
Agarics, between Lcpiota and ArmiUaria. This sub-genus
is elevated to a genus and placed next to Coprinus by
Dr. M. C. Cooke, in the new edition of his Handbook of
British Fungi (now in course of publication in GreriUea),
and by the Rev. John Stevenson in his British Fungi —
Hyinenomycetes. Both authors seem to have overlooked
the later views of Fries, the founder of the section Hiatula,
as published in the Transactions of the Woolhope Club,
1870 (p. 179). Fries there says : " The space in the series
Leucospori, left vacant between 2 and 3 " (Lepiota and
Arniillaria — analogous with Phiteus and Pilosace) , "is very
well filled by the sub-genus Hiatula, described in my work
Nov. Si/m. Myc. Of this genus there are numerous tropical
species, and two are found growing in our hot-houses on the
stems of orchids. They have been found growing in a similar
situation at Amsterdam." Fries was obviously right in
his later determination, as Hiatula agrees exactly in struc-
ture and habit with Pluteus, Phiteolus, and Pilosace.
Amongst the rosy-spored Agarics, the sub-genus Eccilia,
unknown as British when the first edition of the Outlines
was published, is now represented by nine species. The
sub-genus Claudopus contains three species, removed from
Crepidotus, the spores being rosy, and not truly brown.
Amongst the brown-spored Agarics, five sub-genera have
been added since the publication of the Outlines. The
first is Acetabularia, which corresponds with Amanita and
Volvaria ; the next is Togaria, which corresponds with
Lepiota and the non-British Annularia. Togaria was
suggested by Fries, whose words, published in the
Trans. Woolhope Club., 1870 (p. 179), are " Agaricus aureus
occupies in the series Dermini the space between Lepiota
and Psalliota, which would readily maintain the type of
X PREFACE.
its sub-geuus Togiiiia. But," adds Fries, " I am un-
willing to found a new sub-genus from a single species/'
A. aureus is, however, not the only species which agrees
with Lepiota and FsalUota ; all the first eight terrestrial
species of Pholiota rightly belong to Toyaria. Phiteolus
corresponds with Hiatula and Pluteus. Fries, Cooke, and
Stevenson have misplaced this sub-genus in putting it next
to Galcra ; it should, as its structure and habit show,
be placed between Totjaria and Pholiota, in the posi-
tion of Hiatula amongst the white-spored, and Pluteus
among the rosy-spored Agarics. Inocybe was formerly
included in Hebeloma. Tubaria contains species formerly
included in Navcoria and Galeru. Amongst the purple-
spored Agarics, the sub-genera Chitonia and P'llosace are
new since the publication of the Outlines. Strop// aria was
formerly included in Psalliota.
It has not been thought desirable to make more exten-
sive alterations in sequence or the establishment of new
genera in the present volume. Nearly all the descriptive
work is that of Elias Fries, and this new edition of
Berkeley's Outlines fairly represents Fries' views and con-
clusions at the time of his death.
As Mr. Berkeley's original work gives descriptions of all
the larger British fungi, including puft-balls, truffles,
pezizae, &c., the recent additions to the lists of these fungi
have been made good in the present volume.
No references to published illustrations of fungi are
given to the first 1388 species — i.e., to the end of Ayaricini
at p. 273 — as nearly all these fungi are illustrated in colour
in Illustrations of British Fungi by Dr. M. C. Cooke. For
the succeeding species, references to published plates are
given.
TKEFACE. xi
Two hundred and fifty-five excellent," life-size, coloured
models of a select number of the higher fungi, made by the
late Mr. James Sowerby, are exhibited in the public gallery of
the Department of Botany at the British Museum — Natural
History — South Kensington. These models are arranged in
botanical sequence, and may be consulted with advantage.
The Cryptogamic Department of the British Museum also
possesses a collection of water-colour drawings illustrative of
the higher fungi ; these drawings are many hundreds in
number ; each illustration has been prepared from a typical
living example. The drawings are supplied with sections
and other details, and, like the models, are arranged in
botanical sequence. By permission of the Keeper of the
Botanical Collections, the drawings may be examined and
studied.
The following summary of the number of British species
of Hymenomycetes at present known will show the great
advance in their number since 1860. In the Outlines
Mr. Berkeley described 877 species. In Dr. Cooke's Hand-
book, published in 1871, 1041 species are described. In
1886, Mr. Stevenson, in his British Fungi — Hymenomycetes,
has enumerated 1673 species ; whilst in the present volume
no less than 1919 species are recorded. A large number of
varietal forms new to Britain are also described. The non-
hymenomycetal fungi described in this volume have in-
creased in number in a similar proportion.
In the preparation of this supplemental volume, use has
been made not only of Fries' and other original works, but
of Messrs. Berkeley and Broome's contributions to the
Annuls and Magazine of Natural History ; to the Rev. John
Stevenson's British Fungi — Hymenomycetes ; to Dr. M. C.
Cooke's revision of his Handbook of British Fungi, as pub-
Xll lilEFACE.
lished, ill Grevillea, to the end of the A(jaricini ; and to
British Discomycetes hy Mr. William Phillips,
Dr. Cooke's revision of the Pohjporei, as recently published
in Grevillea, Vol. XTII., is at present too imperfect for in-
corporation in a Handbook, and Mr. Massee's monograph of
the TlielephorecB, as published in the Journal of the Linnean
Society, was not far enough advanced for its study and in-
corporation in this volume at the time of going to press.
WORTH IXaTOX a SMITH.
DrXSTABLE, 189I.
EliHATA.
Page 3, line 10, for Soir. read >Siii.
Page 3, line 30, and
Page 4, lines 3 and 11, for Amanita read Amanitopsis.
Page 25, line 4, for miliaris read militaris.
Page 25, line 2^, for cinerasceus read cinerasccns.
Page 87, line 8, for nericius read sericeus.
Page 113, line 2S,for asterospevmus read asterosporus
Page 149, line 5, for s^-lvaticus i-ead silvaticus.
Page 226, line 23, for Genus 7 read Genus 8.
Page 230, line 12, for carpinus )-ead caprinus.
Page 238, line 21, for hysignis read hysginus.
Page 289, line 25, for pallascens read pallescens.
Page 295, line 10, for obduceus read obdusccns.
Page 311. line ^o, for aterrinuni rr((d alcrrimnm.
BRITISH FUNGOLOGY.
SUPPLEMENT.
Family I.— HYMENOMYCETES.
Order 1. AGARICINI.
Genus 1. AGARICUS, L.
Series 1. Leucospori. — Spores v)hite.
Subgenus 1. Amanita (p. 89).— All growing on the ground.
Ring manifest, supei-ior.
* Volva splitting at the top, border f re"., persistent.
1. A. (Amanita) virosus, Fr.: white; pileus 3-4 in., at
first conical and acute, naked, viscous in wet weather,
margin even ; flesh white, unchangeable ; stem stuffed,
almost solid, base bulbous, springing from a lax, wide, thick
volva ; ring apical, splitting into fioccose fragments ; gills
free, thin, linear-lanceolate, broader in front, crowded,
floccose at the edge.
In woods, uncommon. Foetid, poisonous.
2. A. (Amanita) phalloides, Fr. (p. 89); 3-4 in.
Epping Forest.
3. A. (Amanita) vernus, Bull. (p. 89) ; 3-4 in. Epping
Forest.
.\
D. H. HILL LIBRARY
I OU'I'LIXKS OK IIKITISII lUNGOLOCiV.
4. A. (Amanita) mappa, Butscli. (p. 90) ; 2-3 in.
Epping Forest.
** Volva ftplittiiKj regular 1 1/ all round, base onarginate, j)ers{ste72t ;
pileus clothed vith thick ivarts.
5. A. (Amanita) miiscarius, L. (p. 90) ; 1 in. Epping
Forest.
f 7//-. regalis ; twice as large as type ; stem solid when
young ; pileus bay-brown or the colour of cooked liver.
Var, formosa ; pileus lemon-yellow, warts yellowish.
Vur. umbrina ; pileus umber, then livid, disc fuscous.
6. A. (Amanita) pantherinus, DC. (p. 90) ; 4 in.
Epping Forest.
7. A. (Amanita) excelsxis, Fr. (p. 91) ; 4-5 in. Epping
Forest.
8. A. (Amanita) strobiliformis, Mtt. (p. 90) ; 8-9 in.
9. A. (Amanita) solitarius, Bull. ; pileus convex, then
flattened, pelliculose, margin nearly even, warts angular,
evanescent ; stem solid, equal, imbricaiedly squamose below,
bulb campanulate, rooting, margin inserted, ring torn ; gills
attenuatedly adnate.
On the ground, near Bristol.
*** Volva friable, broken, vp into small scales oi' warts.
10. A. (Amanita) rutoescens, Pers. (p. 90); 4 in.
Epping Forest.
11. A. (Amanita) spissus, Fr. ; pileus 3 in., umber,
fuliginous or grey, fleshy, compact, smooth, clothed with
small, cinereous, angular, adnate warts ; flesh firm, white,
unchangeable ; stem bulbous, bulb globoso-depressed, not
marginate ; ring superior, large ; gills reaching the stem,
slightly striato-decurrent, broad, crowded, shining white.
In mixed woods, uncommon. Epping Forest.
AGARICIXI. 3
12. A. (Amanita) nitidus, Fr. ; pileus 1- in., without a
viscous pellicle, whitish, sometimes yellowish or greenish,
fleshy, somewhat compact, at first hemispherical, the thick
volva forming a floccose crust, then broken up into thick,
angular, adhering warts which become fuscous ; flesh white,
unchangeable ; stem solid, conico-attenuated, squamulose,
base bulbous ; ring superior, thin, white, at length dis-
appearing.
In woods. Epping Forest.
13. A. (Amanita) asper, P. (p. 91) ; 2 in.
**** Volva rudlmentari/,jiocculose, disapjjeariiKj.
14. A. (Amanita) magnifleus, Fr. ; pileus 3 in., whitish,
livid, pallid reddish-tan, thin, usually naked or sprinkled
with irregularly placed floccose spots; flesh white, changing
when broken to tawny; stem stuffed with a distinct pith,
at length hollow, equal, no bulb or veil at base, becoming
reddish- white when dry ; ring superior ; gills adnate, ventri-
cose, broad, with a decurrent tooth.
In woods of fir, and under beeches.
15. A. (Amanita) megalodactylus, B. and Br. (p. 91) ;
3 J in.
16. A. (Amanita) lentictilaris, Lasch. ; pileus 3-1 in.,
colour fleshy-tan or yellowish ; fleshy, globose when young,
even, smooth, moist ; flesh soft, spongy, white ; stem elon-
gated, slightly bulbous, solid, spongy-soft, squamulose ; ring
superior, large, distant from pileus ; gills free, ventricose,
crowded, whitish, sometimes inclining to olivaceous.
In mixed plantations. Coed Coch. Odour mouldy.
Subgenus 2. AjiAXixorsis. — Ring obliterated or wanting.
17. A. (Amanita) vaginatus, Bull. (p. 91); 2-5 in.
Epping Forest.
4 OUTLINES OF KKITISK FUNGOLOGY.
Vai\ nivalis, Grev., white. Epping Forest.
18. A. (Amanita) strangulatus, Fr. ; pileus 3-4 in.
livid, date-brown, becoming pale, fleshy, smooth, viscid,
covered with broad brown patches, margin striate, then
sulcate ; stem stuffed, at length hollow, closely sheathed at
the base by the circularly split volva; obliterated ring
inferior; gills free, crowded, ventricose, shining white.
In woods. Local. Epping Forest.
= A. Cecilije, B. and Br. (p. 92).
19. A. (Amanita) adnatus, Sow.: pileus •^ in., pale
buff-yellow, fleshy, firm, smooth, somewhat moist, buff
beneath the cuticle, margin extending beyond the gills ;
stem stufled, at length hollow, pale buff, fibrillose ; ring
none ; volva lax, adnate or almost obsolete, white, pubes-
cent, remaining in woolly patches on the pileus ; gills
adnate, crowded, white.
In woody places, among oak and holly. Uncommon.
Subgenus 3. Lepiota (p. 92).
A. Epidermis dry.
* Pkoceri. — RiiKj morabk', distinct from the volva.
20. A. (Lepiota) procerus, Sro/). (p. 92) ; 4-8 in.
Epping Forest.
21. A. (Lepiota) rachodes, Viti. (p. 92) ; 4-8 in.
Epping Forest.
J^ar. puellaris, Fr. ; half the size of the type, shining
white, pileus floccoso-squaraose.
22. A. (Lepiota) excoriatus, Schajf. (p. 92) ; 3 in.
Epping Forest.
23. A. (Lepiota) gracilentus, Kromb. (p. 93) ; 4 in.
21. A. (Lepiota) mastoideus, Fr. (p. 93) ; 2 in.
AGARICIM. 5
** Clypeolarii. — Ring ji.red, liomogeaeous loith the universal
ceil lohicli clolhes the stem.
25. A. (Lepiota) Friesii, Lasch -. pileus 6 iu.^ ferrugi-
nous-fuscous, fleshy, soft, torn into adpressed, tomentose
scales ; stem hollow with arachnoid pith, somewhat bulbous,
scaly ; ring superior, pendulous, equal ; gills somewhat
remote, linear, crowded, branched.
On sawdust. King's Lynn. Odour heavy.
26. A. (Lepiota) acutesquamosus, Weinm. (p. 93) ;
4-5 in, Eppiug Forest.
27. A. (Lepiota) Badhami, B. and Br. (p. 93) ; 2-4 in.
28. A. (Lepiota) emplastrum, Cke. and Mass. ; gre-
garious; pileus 2-3 in., silky, pallid, covered at first with a
smooth, membranaceous, dark-brown cuticle which splits up
into large adherent patches or scales, margin smooth,
naked ; stem equal, fibrillose, fistulose, girt by a superior
erect ring with a marginal brown band ; flesh turning
pink when cut ; gills crowded, free, remote, narrowed
behind, leaving a broad collar round stem.
Among moss in a churchyard. Ealing. Taste and
smell none. Somewhat resembling A. Badhami., but scales
smooth and spores larger.
29. A. (Lepiota) meleagris, Soiv. — S.. (Tricholoma) me-
leagris, Soio. (p. 101); pileus 2 in., fawn-coloured, fleshy,
thin, at first ovate or hemispherical, then expanded, some-
what campanulate, very obtuse, minutely tomentose and
warty, dotted with minute brown scales ; flesh turning red ;
stem stuffed with cottony threads, fusiform, then nearly
equal, of same colour, here and there tinged with yellow,
minutely squamulose ; ring soon ruptured, fugacious ; gills
remote, distant, rounded behind, somewhat connected,
white.
6 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY.
In hot-houses on spent tan, Hare.
30. A. (Lepiota) biornatus, B. and Br. ; pileus 2 in.,
fleshy, convex, broadly campanulate, white, silky, sprinkled
with dark-red punctiform scales ; flesh white, or slightly
yellow ; stem stuffed, then hollow, attenuated at base, rooting,
spotted with red, reddish within ; ring descending, spotted
at edge ; gills approximate, ventricose, broad, white ; whole
plant becoming dark in drying.
In melon frame.
31. A. (Lepiota) hispidus, Lasch ; pileus 2-3 in.,
umber- fuscous, fleshy, soft, hemispherical, then expanded
umbouate, at first tomentose, the down separating into
scales ; Hesh thin, white, unchangeable ; stem attenuated
upwards, tubular, stuffed with fibrils, densely woolly-scaly ;
ring fuscous, superior, membranaceous, reflexed ; gills free,
approximate, with a collar encircling the stem, crowded
ventricose, simple, white.
In woods, chiefly among pines, rare.
32. A. (Lepiota) clypeolarius, Bull. (p. 94) ; 2-3 in.
Var. felinus, Fr. ; smaller than type, pileus white, umbo
and scales becoming black, stem attenuated upwards, same
colour as pileus ; gills crowded, white, margin serrate.
On the ground. Kew.
33. A. (Lepiota) metulsesporus, H. and Br. ; pileus
1 in., white, rather fleshy, campanulate, sulcatc, with small
pallid scales, margin appendiculate ; stem stulfed, equal or
slightly clavate, pallid lemon-colour within ; gills approxi-
mate, ventricose, broad, white.
84. A. (Lepiota) cristatus, A. and S. (p. 94) ; 1-1| in.
Eppiug Forest.
35. A. (Lepiota) ermineus, Fr. ; pileus 2-2^ in., white,
slightly fleshy, campanulate, then flattened, the deeper
AGARICINI. 7
coloured disc slightly gibbous, dry, smooth, becoming even,
silky-fibrillose towards the margin ; flesh soft, white ; stem
fistulose, equal, fragile, dry, somewhat fibrillose ; ring mem-
branous, at length torn and fugacious; gills free, reaching
the stem, obtuse at both ends, somewhat crowded, broad,
shining white ; gregarious.
Grassy places in woods, etc. Coed Coch, etc. Inodorous,
with taste of radish.
*** Annulosi. — Ring supe,rior, fixed, somexoliat persistent^
v.niversal veil adnate to the jnletts.
36. A. (Lepiota) Vittadini. Fr. (p. 94) ; 5 in.
37. A. (Lepiota) holosericeus, Fr.; pileus 3 in., whitish
or clay-white, fleshy, soft, rather plane, floccoso-silky,
somewhat fibrillose, becoming even, disc of the same colour,
margin involute when young ; flesh soft, white ; stem solid,
bulbous, soft, fragile, silky-fibrillose, whitish ; ring superior,
membranaceous, large, soft, pendulous with margin ascend-
ing ; gills free, broad, ventricose, becoming whitish.
In moist woods and gardens, Kew, Staplehurst. In-
odorous ; esculent.
38. A. (Lepiota) naucinus, Fr. (p. 94) ; 1-H in.
39. A, (Lepiota) cepsestipes, Sow. (p. 95); 1 in.
40. A. (Lepiota) licmophorus, B. and Br. ; pileus
1 in., lemon-yellow, membranaceous, plane, depressed,
deeply sulcate, margin crenate ; stem fistulose, slender,
attenuated upwards, lemon-yellow, tomentose at the base ;
ring median ; gills remote, slightly arched, distant, interstices
veined, shining white.
In hothouses.
8 OU'J'LLNES OF BRITISH FUXGOLOGY.
**** Granulosi. — L'nioersal veil sheathiny the stem, and at first
extending continuously from the stem to the pileics, hut at
length ruptured and formiiui an inferior ring.
41. A. (Lepiota) carcharias, P.; pileus 1| in., flesh-
coloured, fleshy, convex, then plane, umbonate, granulose ;
stena stuffed, then hollow, somewhat bulbous, squamulose,
same colour as pileus ; gills adnexed, shining white.
On grass, under firs. Epping Forest.
42. A. (Lepiota) cinnabarinus, A. and S. ; pileus 2-3
in., cinnabar colour, fleshy, soon flattened, granuloso-furfu-
raceous, fimbriate at margin ; flesh pallid ; stem stuffed,
somewhat bulbous, red-scaly below the inferior ring ; gills
free, lanceolate, white.
Fir woods.
Var. Terreii B. ami Br. .• pileus 1-2 in., bright tawny,
somewhat hemispherical, pulverulent, rough with warts ;
stem somewhat equal, often cylindrical, furfuraceous-scaly,
same colour as pileus below the ring ; ring at length torn ;
gills remote, narrow, white, unbranched.
On sandy ground, Forres, etc.
f3. A. (Lepiota) granvilosus, Batsch (p. 95) ; 2 in.
Epping Forest.
Var. rufescens, B. and Br.
At first pure white, then partially turning red, in drying
entirely rufous.
44. A. (Lepiota) amianthinus, Scop. ; pileus 1-H in.,
ochraceous, somewhat fleshy, convex then plane, somewhat
umbonate, furfuraceo-grauulose, flesh yellow; stem equal,
slender, squamulose ; ring fugacious ; gills adnate, crowded,
white, then pale yellow.
Var. Broadwoodiae, B. and Br. ; pileus yellow, hemi-
spherical, delicately tomentose, margiu iuflexed ; stem equal
AGARICINI y
and as well as the ring furfuraceous with squamules ; gills
adnate, sometimes decurrent, shining white.
45. A. (Lepiota) polystictus B. (p. 95) ; H- in.
***** Mesomouphi. — Small, slender, stem fistulose, pileus dry,
cuticle entire.
46. A. (Lepiota) sistratus, Fr. ; pileus l-H in., prui-
nate, whitish, often darker at the disc, slightly fleshy, turning
pale yellowish or flesh colour ; flesh thin, soft, fragile,
whitish j stem slightly stuffed with fine fibrils, equal, white,
silky-fibrillose and pruinate; ring fibrillose, torn, fibrillose
round margin of pileus, fugacious ; gills free, reaching the
stem, crowded, broad, white.
On sandy ground. Forres.
47. A. (Lepiota) seminudus, Lcitic/t .• pileus whitish or
flesh-colour, slightly fleshy, umbonate, floccoso-mealy, at
length naked, appendiculate at margin with the torn veil;
stem mealy ; gills reaching the stem, thin, white.
In woods, etc. King's Lynn, etc.
48. A. (Lepiota) Bucknallii, B. and Br. ; pileus 1 in.,
white, sprinkled with lilac-coloured dust; stem dilated at base,
sprinkled like pileus ; gills scarcely reaching the stem, white.
On the ground, Bristol. Odour strong of gas tar.
49. A. (Lepiota) mesomorphus, Bull. ; pileus 1 in.,
whitish or yellow, slightly fleshy, very thin, naked, dry, even,
smooth ; stem slightly attenuated upwards, even, smooth,
same colour as pileus ; ring continuous with cuticle of pileus
and stem, at first entire, spreading ; gills free, crowded,
ventricose, white.
On the ground in woods. Hereford, etc.
50. A. (Lepiota) martialis, Cke. and Mass. ; pileus
1 in., thin, rather fleshy, silky, pulverulent, campanulate.
10 OUTLINES 01' I'.KITISII FUN(iOL00Y.
then expanded, dark fleshy red with a tinge of ochre,
darkest in the centre, margin striate ; stem slender, flstulose,
rufous and swollen at the base, ochraceous at apex, with a
broad, pendulous, rather distant ring ; gills free, somewhat
lanceolate, rather crowded, whitish.
On tree fern in conservatory, Scarborough.
51. A. (Lepiota) ianthinus, Cke. ; pileus '^ in., rather
fleshy, umbonate, whitish at the even margin, disc dark
violet, fibrillose, rest of pileus streaked with innate radiating,
violet, hair-like squamules, stem slender, somewhat flexuous,
nearly equal, whitish, soon hollow, girt about the middle
with a narrow deciduous ring ; gills free, lanceolate, scarcely
crowded, whitish.
In stove. Kew.
52. A. (Lepiota) micropholis, B. and Br. : pileus ^ in.,
conical, then flattened, white, clad with minute, radiating,
dark cinereous squamules, margin substriate, stem flexuous,
nearly equal, white ; ring erect, spreading ; gills white,
ventricose, crowded, free.
On cocoa-nut fibre in a stove. Scarborough.
B. Cuticle of pileus viscous, contimious.
53. A. (Lepiota) medullatus, Fr. ; pileus 1^2^ in,,
white, disc sometimes grey, slightly fleshy, umbonate, even,
smooth, soft ; flesh watery ; stem hollow, with separable
outer coat, firm, equal, fragile, dry, silky, squamulose below
the veil, striate at apex ; ring incomplete, torn, appendi-
culate at margin of pileus ; gills free, broader in front,
ventricose, crowded, shining white.
In fir woods. Rare. Glamis. Odour of radish.
54. A. (Lepiota) gloiodermus, Fr. (p. 1)5) ; li in.
55. A. (Lepiota) delicatus, Fr. ; pileus i in., rufescent
or becoming yellow, slightly fleshy, somewhat umbonate,
AGAKICINI. 11
smooth ; stem fistulose, equal, dry, ttoccoso-scaly and tomen-
tose ; gills free, crowded, thin, ventricose, shining white.
About old stumps. Powerscourt. Taste like Po/i/porus
squamosus.
56. A. (Lepiota) illinitus, Fr. ; pileus H-3 in., white,
with fuscous umbo, slightly fleshy, smooth, soft, fragile,
slightly striate at margin ; stem stuffed, then hollow, equal,
cylindrical, fragile, glutinous ; gills free, at length remote,
crowded, somewhat connected by veins, shining white.
In woods. Penzance.
57. A. (Lepiota) Georginae. Sin.; pileus ^-1 in., white,
slightly fleshy, fragile, covered with a minute, dense, viscid
pruinosity, which, as well as the white flesh, instantly
changes to crimson when touched ; margin at length
striate ; stem slightly attenuated upwards, viscid-pruinose,
changing to crimson Avhen touched ; ring evanescent ; gills
free, thin, somewhat ventricose, white, edge becoming
crimson when touched.
On mosses in a cool fernery. Chelsea.
Subgenus 4. Schulzeria. — Hpiienopliorum distinct from the
stem, without volva or rin<i-. Equal to Lepiota without
a ring.
No British representatives.
Subgenus 5. Hiatula. — Pileus very thm, without distinct pellicle,
formed from the union of the back of the gills, splitting and
veliform when expanded, as in very thin species of Coprmus,
but not deliquescent.
58. A. (Hiatula) Wynnise, B. and Br. ; pileus 1^ in.,
shining white, tender, striate, pulverulent, darker in the
centre ; stem slender, striate ; gills rather broad, rough.
In a stove. Kew.
Stem 1 in. high, I line thick. One specimen became
darker in drying, and had a longer and thicker stem.
12 OUTLINES OF HIJITISH FUNGOLOC.Y.
Subgenus 6. Akmillakia (p. 06).
* Tricholomata svBAyyuhATA.—O'iUsslmutto-adnexed, stem
Jlesh//, similar in substance icith the pileus.
59. A. (Armillaria) bulbiger, A. and S. : pileus 3-4 in.,
pale yellowish briek-colour, fleshy, not compact, moist,
slightly squamuloso-fibrillose, then smooth ; stem stuffed,
rarely hollow, terminated at the base by a globose marginate
bulb ; external cuticle pale, separable, marked with longitu-
dinal fibrils ; ring adhering loosely, oblique, fugacious,
white; gills broadly emarginate, somewhat crowded, at
length distant, broad, white, then approaching colour of
pileus.
In pine woods, Hereford, etc.
60. A. (Armillaria) focalis, i<>. ; pileus 4-5 in., fleshy,
compact at disc, dry, slightly shining, not squamulose ;
cuticle tawny brick-colour, even, but silky-fibrillose ; flesh
soft, thick at disc, slightly tawny-pallid ; stem fleshy-solid,
fibrous, elastic, equal, not bulbous ; ring medial, oblique,
gills emarginato-free, crowded, narrow, white.
On bare ground under old laurels. Coed Coch.
Var. Goliath, Fr. ; pileus 8 in., very fleshy, much thinned
out towards revolute margin, moist, brown at disc, margin
torn into fibres where colour is paler, flesh white, elastic ;
stem fibrous-solid, commonly decumbent from weight of
pileus, equal or attenuato-rooting at base, becoming tawny
with fibrils downwards ; ring medial, fugacious ; gills
rounded, free, very broad and veutricose, rather thick
crowded, white. Odour mealy.
61. A. (Armillaria) robustus, A. and S. ; pileus brown,
very fleshy, dry, smooth, scaly-fibrillose towards margin;
flesh hard, stem obesi , solid, compact, attenuated at base,
AGARICINI. 13
fibrillose below the inferior, large, floccose ring, white and
flocculose at apex ; gills broadly emarginate, almost free,
broad, crowded, whitish.
In woods. Rare. Smell like that of Polyporus
squamosus.
62. A. (Armillaria) ramentaeeus, Bull (p. 96) ; 2-3 in.
63. A. (Armillaria) haematites, B. and Br. ; pileus
1 in., red liver-colour, hemispherical, dry, slightly hispid ;
stem same colour as pileus, solid, thickened downwards ;
ring spongy, scaly beneath ; gills broad, shortly decurrent.
Among fir leaves. Glamis.
64. A. (Armillaria) Jasonis, Cke. and Mass. ; csespitose ;
pileus 3 in., rather fleshy, especially at disc, campanulate,
then expanded with a rounded umbo, granuloso- papillate,
golden yellow, becoming reddish at apex ; stem nearly
equal, or a little thickened below, same colour, hollow,
squamulose below the torn, squarrose, rather distant, ring ;
gills adnate, scarcely crowded, thin, white, then pallid.
On stumps. Carlisle.
65. A. (Armillaria) constrictus^ Fr. (p. 96) ; 2 in.
Epping Forest.
** Clitocyb.e annulate. Gills attenuated behind, more or less
decurrent, without a sinus.
66. A. (Armillaria) malleus, Fl. Dan. (p. 96); 3-6 in.
Epping Forest.
67. A. (Armillaria) subeavus, Schum. ; pileus 2 in.,
white, umbo brown, somewhat membranaceous, viscous,
striate to the middle ; stem fistulose upwards, equal,
slightly dotted, ring white, inferior, torn ; gills plane,
decurrent, white.
On the ground. Cirencester.
14 OUTLINES OF l?|{ITlSIf FU^■GOLOGY.
*** CoLLYBi.E ANNULAT.E. — Gills equal behind, stem externally
somewhat cartilaginous.
^'6. A. (Armillaria) mucidus, Schrad. ; 1-6 in. Eppiug
Forest.
Subgenus 7. Triciioloma (p. 1)7).
Series A. — J'ileus viscous, Jihrillose, scalij, or pubescent, not vmtery-
moist or becoming even, stem Jibril lose.
I. LiMACiNA. — Cuticle o/pileus viscid when moist, innato-
Jibrillose or squamose, not lacerated.
* Gills not changing colour.
09. A. (Tricholoma) equestris, Linn. (p. 97) ; 3-5 in.
70. A. (Tricholoma) sejunctus, Sow. (p. 97) ; 3 in.
Epping Forest.
71. A. (Tricholoma) portentosus, Fr. (p. 97) ; 3-5 in.
Epping Forest.
7'^. A. (Trichiloma) fueatus, fr. (p. 97) ; 2-3 in.
73. A. (Trichiloma) quinquepartitus, Fr. ; pileus 3 in.,
pallid, light yellow, fleshy, thin at circumference, repand,
smooth, not streaked, fragile; somewhat hygrophanous ;
stem commonly attenuated from base to apex, solid, fleshy,
striate, smooth, white ; gills emarginate, broad, white.
Amongst pine leaves. Rare. Odour none, taste mild.
74. A. (Tricholoma) resplendens, Fr. ; wholly shining
silvery-white, pileus 2-1 in., fleshy, not compact, smooth,
disc becoming yellow ; stem solid, fleshy, stout, smooth,
equal or bulbous ; gills almost free when young, then
emarginate, somewhat crowded, rather thick, but thin at
the edge, entire, equally attenuated in front.
In woods, beech, &c. Frequent. Epping Forest.
75. A. Tricholoma spermatieus, Fr. (p. 98) ; 5 in.
AGAKICINI. 15
** Gills changing colour, commonly with reddish spots.
76. A. (Trichiloma) colossus, Fr. ; pileus 8 in., brick
colour, the whitish margin involute, hemispherical, at length
piano-depressed, l)roken up into scales, slightly viscid round
margin in wet weather ; flesh hard, dry, and fibrous, turn-
ing to a flesh-brick-red colour when broken ; stem solid,
oblique, two coloured, compact, base ovato-bulbous, apex
constricted, shining white ; gills rounded-free, at first
narrow, crowded and white, then broader, more distant and
pallid, brick-red.
Under firs and elms. Taunton. Odour strong like
cheese.
77. A. (Tricholoma) nictitans, Fr. (p. 98) ; 2 in. Epping
Forest.
78. A. (Tricholoma) fulvellus, Fr. (p. 98) ; 1-2 in.
Epping Forest.
79. A. (Tricholoma) flavo-brunneus, Fr. (p. 98) ; 3-6 in.
Epping Forest.
80. A. (Tricholoma) albo-brunneus, Pers. (p. 98) ; 3 in.
Epping Forest.
81. A. (Tricholoma) ustalis, Fr. ; pileus 3 in., brown-
rufous, fleshy, not compact, at first umbonate, then plane,
even, smooth, unstreaked, slightly dotted at the disc ; flesh
white, becoming here and there red where broken ; stem
stuffed, then hollow, equal, somewhat rooted, dry, fibrillose,
whitish or rufescent, not mealy at apex ; gills emarginate,
with a small decurrent tooth, crowded, rather broad, at
length rufescent.
In woods, chiefly pine. Rare. Odourless. Epping
Forest.
82. A. (Tricholoma) pessundatus, Fr. ; pileus bay-
16 OUTLINES OK IlKfTISH FUXCIOLOGV.
browu or rufescent^ paler or whitish at circumference, com-
pactly fleshy, obtuse, flexuous, smooth, unstreaked, granu-
late or guttato-spotted, viscid, margin bent in ; stem solid,
hard, at first in the form of a bulb, villous with whitish
squaranles, then somewhat equal, rather smooth, white ; gills
deeply emarginate, somewhat free, crowded, at first very
narrow, shining white, then broader and rufescent.
In fir woods, chiefly pine. Rare. Said to be edible.
83. A. (Tricholoma) stans, Fr. ; pileus rufescent, com-
pact, viscid, even, not granulated or spotted ; flesh reddish
under the cuticle ; stem solid, somewhat equal, squamu-
lose ; gills rounded, white, spotted red.
There are two forms, cum pest r is and montana, the first
with a short stem and broad pileus, growing in deciduous
groves, the second with elongated stem and smaller pileus
growing in mountainous pine woods.
Coed Coch, etc.
84. A. (Tricholoma) russula, Schceff. ; pileus 3-4 in.,,
fleshy, convex, then depressed, obtuse, granulate, viscid,
rosy flesh-colour ; stem solid, firm, nearly equal, rosy,
squamulose at apex ; gills rounded then decurrent, rather
distant, white, a little spotted with red.
Under trees. Kew. Taste mild.
85. A. (Tricholoma) frumentaceus, Fy. ; pileus 2-3 in.,
whitish or clay-colour and variegated rufous, fleshy, viscous,
dry in fine weather, even, smooth ; flesh white ; stem solid,
equal, fibrillose when dry, whitish ; gills rounded, somewhat
crowded, rather broad, at length rufous-spotted.
Has all the appearance of an l<]ntoloma, see the plant
described by Berkeley, A. (Entofoma) fr anient aceus. — Bull,
p. 144, No. 222.
On the ground.
AGARICINI. 17
II, Genuina. — Cuticle ofjyileus never viscid, hut lacerated
into scaly fiocci or fibrils.
* Gills not changing colour, or nmrked loith rufous or black spots.
86. A. (Tricholoma) rutilans, Schcejf. (p. 99) ; 2-J< in.
Epping Forest.
87. A. (Tricholoma) variegatus, Scop. ; pileus 2-4 in.,
fleshy, at length flattened, obsoletely umbonate, fragile,
sprinkled with purple-reddish fiocci ; flesh whitish, then
pallid light-yellow ; stem stuffed, curved, sometimes bulbous,
almost naked, or variegated with thin reddish-villous down,
yellowish white ; gills rounded, crowded, thin, pale whitish-
yellow, edge always entire, acute, and same colour.
On rotten wood. Epping Forest.
88. A. (Trieholoma) luridus, Schcpff. (p. 99).
89. A. (Tricholoma) guttatus, Schaff. ; somewhat
csespitose, pileus 3-5 in., cinnamon or pale yellowish, fleshy,
dry, broken up into granular or floccose squamules, margin
sulcate, at first involute, white-floccose ; flesh firm, white ;
gills emarginate, decurrent in the form of lines, crowded,
white.
In woods. Downton. Odour and taste bitter-acrid.
90. A. (Tricholoma) columbetta, Fr. (p. 99) ; 2-4 in.
Epping Forest.
91. A. (Tricholoma) scalptiiratus, Fr. (p. 101); 2-3 in.
Epping Forest.
Var. argyraceous, Bull. ; more slender and graceful than
the typical form, with narrower and more crowded gills.
In grassy places.
Var. virescens, Whar. ; similar to last, but turning yellow-
ish-green in all parts when bruised or in drying.
18 OUTLINES OF lUMTlSU [• CXriOLOCV.
** Gills rufescent or becoming cinereous, the edtje commonh/
marked vnth rufoi's o?' red sjwts.
92. A. (Tricholoma) imbricatus, Fr. (p. 99) ; 3 in,
Epping Forest.
93. A. (Tricholoma) vaccinus, Pers. (p. 100) ; 1-.2 in.
Epping Forest.
94. A. (Tricholoma) immundus, Berk. ; ca^spitose ;
pileus 2 in., dirty-white, stained with bistre, fleshy, minutely
silky, margin inflexed, silky or minutely scabrous and
squamulose ; stem fibrillose, same colour as pileus ; gills
emarginate, marked with transverse lines, somewhat cinereous
with a pinkish tinge. Every part blackish when bruised.
Among short grass on sheep's dung. Rare.
95. A. (Tricholoma) gausapatus, Fr. ; pileus 2-3 in.,
grey, cinereous, fleshy, somewhat thin, bullate, margin
tomentose, bent-in, then repand ; stem solid, stout, equal,
laxly-fibrillose, shining white, furnished with a cortina ;
gills emarginate, free, crowded, broad, grey.
In grassy woods. Epping Forest. Mild, inodorous.
96. A. (Tricholoma) terreus, ASVArt;//". (p. 100); 1^3 in.
Var. argyraceus, Bull. ; gills, and commonly pileus
shining white.
Epping Forest.
Var. atrosquamosus, Chev. ; pileus furnished with black
squamules, stem with black squamulose points at apex.
Var. orirubens. Quel. ; stem streaked with rose at the
base.
AGARICINI. 19
III. RiGiDA. — Cuticle o/2nleus rigid, j^uiictato-granulate or
broken into short squamules m drying.
* Gills iv/iite or becoming pale, not rufescent or becoming
cinereous or spottedj.
97. A. (Tricholoma) macrorhizus, Lasch ; pileus 8 in.
ochraceous, compact, even, smooth, then broken up in a tessel-
lated manner ; stem solid, stout, whitish, then ochraceous,
delicately granulated ; root thick, fleshy, blunt ; gills
emarginate, pallid.
On the ground. King's Lynn. Odour very powerful.
98. A. (Tricholoma) saponaceus, Fr. (p. 101) ; 2-4 in.
Epping Forest.
Var. squamosus. Cke. : stem s^qnamose.
99. A. (Tricholoma) meleagris, Soto. (p. 101). Now
placed in Lepiota, No. 29.
100. A. (Tricholoma) cartilaginous, Btd/. (p. 101) ;
2-3 in.
101. A. (Tricholoma) loricatus, Fr. ; pileus 1-2 in.,
livid-fuscous or umber, paler at margin, slightly fleshy,
undulated or sinuato-lobed, moist, smooth, punctato-
rugulose under a lens, clothed with a thick, horny, fuscous
cuticle ; stem fleshy-fibrous, tough, somewhat hollow, twisted,
irregular, rooted, brick-fuscous or fibrilloso-striate under a
lens; gills free, separable from the hymenophore, crowded,
ventricose, entire, whitish-straw colour.
In mixed woods. Glamis. Odour strong, unpleasant.
102. A. (Tricholoma) atrocinereus, Pe7's. ; pileus 1^ in.,
cinereous, the prominent disc darker, fleshy, at first even,
then rimosely incised, revolute at margin, fragile ; stem
stufled, internally soft, hyaline when moist, equal, slightly
striate ; gills free, or decurrent with a tooth or arcuato-
aduexed, ventricose, thin, crowded, hyaline, white.
20 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY.
On grassy ground. Hothorpe, etc.
103. A. (Tricholoma) cuneifolius, Fr. (p. 102) ; \-\ in.
Epping Forest.
Var. griseo-riniosus, Baiseh ; larger than type ; pileus
concentrically rimose ; gills broad, somewhat distant.
In grassy places. Kew.
** Gills chawjimj colour, rufescent, or becomimj cinereous or
spotted.
lOi. A. (Tricholoma) crassifolius, B. (p. 100); 2-4 in.
105. A. (Tricholoma) tumidus, P. ; pileus 3 in.,
cinereous-livid, variegated with spots, fleshy, irregular,
undulate, bullate, at length riraosely incised, shining when
dry, margin thin ; flesh white ; stem solid, stout, fleshy,
fibrous, striate, shining white, often attenuated into a root
at base; gills emarginate, thick at the base, somewhat
distant, shining white, at length cinereous-rufescent.
In moist pine woods. Coed Cech, etc.
Var. Keithii, Phill. and Ploiv. ; pileus cinereo-rufescent ;
stem dirty white with innate brownish fibres, tinged with
red at base.
In pine woods. Forres.
106. A. (Tricholoma) murinaceus. Bull. (p. 100) ;
4^ in.
107. A. (Tricholoma) virgatus, Fr. ; pileus grey-cine-
reous, umbo often darker, rigid, dry, even in rainy weather,
streaked with fine black lines, broken into squamules when
old ; flesh thin, cinereous-whitish ; stem solid, firm, equal
or tuberous at base, striate, smooth or squaraulose, whitish,
white within; gills broadly emarginate, crowded, at length
hoary.
AGAKICINI. 21
In mixed woods. Forres, etc. Inodorous ; taste bitter
like gall when young.
Var. Major ; pileus black, squamulose, scales separating.
In beech woods.
IV. Sericella. — Pileus at first slighthj silky, soon smooth
and dry.
* Gills broad, rather thick, someirhat distant ; strong scented.
108. A. (Tricholoma) sulphurous, Bull. (p. 102) ;
i-4 in.
109. A. (Tricholoma) bufonius, Pers. (p. 102).
110. A. (Tricholoma) lascivus, Fr. (p. 102) ; 2 in.
Var. robustus, Che. ; more robust than type ; pileus almost
white ; scarcely any odour.
111. A. (Tricholoma) inamcenus, 7^"/'. (p. 102); 1-2 in.
** Small and inodorous ; ijills thin, crouxled, narrow.
112. A. (Tricholoma) cerinus, Pers. ; pileus l-li in.,
dingy yellowish wax-colour, or becoming fuscous, fleshy,
convex, at length depressed, opaque, dry, even, becoming
smooth ; flesh thin, firm, white ; stem stuffed, equal,
fibrilloso-striate, yellow, base sometimes fuscous ; gills
sinuato-adnexed, separating, horizontal, very thin, crowded,
dark yellow or wax colour.
On lawns. Associated with pines.
> 113. A. (Tricholoma) fallax, Peck. ; pileus 1 in., firm,
convex, expanded, rarely depressed in centre, moist, smooth,
yellow, stuffed, then hollow, sometimes attenuated at base ;
gills rounded behind, crowded, white, then yellowish.
Under firs. Scarborough.
114. A. (Tricholoma) ionides, Bull. (p. 103); pileus
22 OUTLINES OF liKITJSIl FUNGOLOGY.
2 in., violet, lilac, fuscous-purple or reddish-livid, becoming
paler with age.
King's Clifl'e, etc.
Var. pravus, Lasck : smaller, thinner, and more fragile
than type ; gills eroded, white, pulverulent.
In a stove.
115. A. (Tricholomaj carneus, Bii//. (p. 103); 1 in.
Epping Forest.
116. A. (Tricholoma) cselatus. Fr. : pileus 1 in., fuscous,
pale grey when dry, slightly fleshy, umbilicate, smooth when
fresh, flocculose or rimosely scarred when dry ; stem tough,
elastic, stuffed or hollow, equal or slightly thickened
upwards, fuscous, obsoletely pruinate at apex ; gills sinuato-
adnate with a small decurrent tooth, crowded, slightly
arcuate, dingy-whitish or grey.
In woods. Charmy Down, etc.
Series B. — Pileios even, smooth, not villous, scaly or viscous, moist
in rainy weather ; Jlesh vjatery and hygrophanous.
V. Guttata. — Pileus fleshy, fragile, spotted as if by drops, or
rivulose, stem, solid. Often vernal, groicirig in troops or
ccespitose, often in, rings, fragrant.
■' ( J ills ivhitish.
117. A. (Tricholoma) gambosus, Fr. (p. 101); 3-4 in.
Epping Forest.
118. A. (Tricholoma) monstrosus, Soir. (p. 104); see
Clitocybe, No. 177.
119. A. (Tricholoma) albellus, Fr. (p. 104); 3 in.
** (,'ills changing colour, rufescent or fidiginous.
1 20. A. (Tricholoma) amethystinus, Scop. ; pileus
fleshy, repand, smooth, even, moist, spotted azure-blue, or
AGAKICINI. 33
bluish-violet ; margiu wrinkletl, paler ; stem solid, curt,
attenuated at base ; gills somewhat adnate, crowded, white,
then rufesceut.
In pine woods. Glamis. Sept.
121. A. (Tricholoma) tigrinus, Schaf. ; pileus 2 in.,
pallid brown, variegated with darker spots, fleshy, at length
repand ; flesh thick, firm, white, thin at invohite margin ;
stem compact, solid, obese, pruinate, white ; gills rounded
behind, at length decurrent with a tooth, crowded, narrow,
white, at length darker.
Under firs and on open grassy ground. June to July.
122. A. (Tricholoma) pes-caprse, Fr. ; pileus fleshy,
conical then expanded, umbonate, fragile, unequal, grey
then dusky, smooth, margin cracked, at length splitting ;
stem solid, equal or attenuated at base, smooth ; gills
emarginate, smooth, crowded, then rather distant, white,
then cinereous.
Var. multiformis, Schceff. ; ctespitose, sometimes con-
fluent at base, margin involute, entire.
Under trees. Kew.
VI. Spongiosa. — Pileus compact, then spongy, obtuse, even, smooth,
not hyijrophcmous ; gills spuriously {sinuately) decurrent.
Appearing late in the year, growing in troops.
* Gills not changing colour.
123. A. (Tricholoma) Schumacheri, Fr. ; pileus 3 in.,
cinereous-livid, fleshy, compact, convex, then flattened,
regular, well-formed, smooth, moist in rainy weather,
margin (which exceeds the gills) inflexed ; flesh white ;
stem solid, stout, equal, villous and sometimes ventricoso-
bulbous at base, slightly striate, white, externally fibrous ;
gills emarginate, plane, crowded, white.
24 OUTLINES OF BUITISH FrNOOLOOV.
In a hothouse. Apethorpe.
124. A. (Tricholoma) patulus, Fr. , pileus 2^-4 in.,
pallid-cinereous to pale yellowish, fleshy, firm, often repand ;
flesh moderately thin, not compact, white ; stem fleshy-
fibrous, solid, firm, equal, somewhat elastic, smooth, shining
white; gills emarginate, almost free, crowded, rather
narrow, somewhat veined at the sides, whitish.
On the ground. Reigate. Oct.
125. A. (Tricholoma) arcuatus, Bull. ; pileus .2-3 in.,
rufous-fuscous, becoming pale, disc blackish, soft, moist,
smooth ; flesh coloured ; stem solid, firm, fibrilloso-
squamulose, blackish downwards, bulbous ; gills arcuato-
adnate, decurrent with a tooth, somewhat undulated, fragile,
crowded, white.
On grassy ground. St. Andrews, etc.
126. A. (Tricholoma) oreinus, F/-..- pileus 1 in., fuscous-
livid, fleshy, compact, even, smooth, margin thin, not ex-
ceeding the gills ; flesh white ; stem solid, thickened at
base, at length ochraceous, white-squamulose at apex,
internally fibrillose ; gills rounded then free, crowded,
plane, white.
On heath and open ground. King's Clifte.
127. A. (Tricholoma) alhus, SchafJ'. (p. 105); 3-4 in.
128. A. (Tricholoma) leucocephalus, Fr. ; pileus lA in.,
white, with no tinge of yellow, thin, tougli, even, moist,
smooth, when young covered with whitish silky villous
down ; margin acute ; stem hollow, twisted, fleshy fibrous,
somewhat cartilaginous, polished externally, rooted at the
attenuated solid base ; gills rounded, free, crowded, thin,
entire, shining white.
In woods, among leaves. Bowood, Wilts.
AGARICINI. 25
** Gills changing colour.
129. A. (Tricholoma) acerbus, Bull. (p. 105) ; 3-4 in.
Eppiog Forest.
130. A. (Tricholoma) miliaris, Lasch ; pileus 4-7 in.,
ciunamon colour, floccose white at the involute margin, then
plane or depressed, compact, flexuous, smooth, viscous; stem
solid, squamulose, fibrillose, pallid, somewhat bulbous at
the base, with thick radical fibrils ; gills emarginate, some-
what croAvded, whitish, at length livid-spotted, torn.
In woods. Glamis. Odour and taste unpleasant.
131. A. (Tricholoma) civilis, Fr. ; pileus 3 in., pale
yellowish, disc darker, not streaked, fleshy, soft, fragile,
smooth, moist with a separable pellicle ; flesh whitish ; stem
solid, soft, fragile, attenuated upwards from the thickened
base, fibrillose or squamulose, whitish ; gills deeply emar-
ginate, almost free, crowded, soft, white, becoming trans-
lucent yellowish, unspotted.
In pine woods. On the ground. Epping Forest.
132. A. (Tricholoma) personatus, Fr. (p. 105) ; 3-6
in. Epping Forest.
133. A. (Tricholoma) nudus. BnU. (p. 105) ; 3 in.
Epping Forest.
134. A. (Tricholoma), cinerasceus, Bull. p. (106) ;
2-3 in.
135. A. (Tricholoma) panseolus, Fr.; pileus 3 in.,
cinereous - fuliginous, variegated grey, pruinose, with a
marbled appearance, often guttate, fleshy, firm, at length
plane or depressed, or repand and excentric ; flesh spongy,
white when dry ; stem solid, tough, elastic, externally
fibrous, smooth, naked, whitish-grey ; gills emarginate
or rounded, somewhat decurrent when the pileus is
D. H. HILL LIBRARY
26 OUTLINES OF HKITISII l'UN(;OLOOV.
depressed, crowded, entire, plane, white, then grey or dingy,
rufescent.
In grassy places. Street. Odour none.
136. A. (Trieholoma) duracinus, Cke. ; pilcus 3 in.,
fleshy, compact, firm, dry, smooth, shining, convex, broadly
umbonate, cinereous ; margin involute ; stem solid, attenu-
ated upwards, striate below, reticulato-squamose above,
rather paler than the pileus ; flesh nearly white ; gills
narrow, crowded, emarginate, arcuate, cinereous.
On the ground, under cedar. Kew.
VII. Hyorophana. — Pileus tJiin, regular, iunhonate,Jlesh soft,
hygrophcDious.
* (Jills ivhitis/i, Kuspotted.
137. A. (Trieholoma) grammopodius, Bidl. (p. 106) ;
3-6 in. Epping Forest.
138. A. (Trieholoma) melaleucus, P. (p. ]06); 1|-
3 in.
Vur. porphyroleucus, Ball. ; firmer ; pileus fleshy, fuli-
ginous or fuscous, then rufescent, with a darker and vanish-
ing umbo ; stem solid, somewhat fibrillose, elongated, or
curt ; gills white.
139. A. (Trieholoma) brevipes, Bull.; pileus 2 in.,
umber, then becoming pale, fleshy, soft, even, smooth,
moist, opaque when dry ; flesh of pileus fuscous when
moist, white when dry ; stem solid, rigid, at length fibrous,
pruinate at the ape.x, externally and internally fuscous ;
sometimes very short, attenuated downwards, equal or
bulbous ; gills emarginato-frec, crowded, ventricose, dis-
appearing siiort of the margin, entire, fuscous, then whitish.
In plantations, fields, etc. Said to be esculent. June
to October.
AGAKICINl. 27
140. A. (Tricholoma) humulis, Fr. (p. 106) ; 2-3 in.
Var. blandus, B. ; pileus thiu, pulverulent, grey-lilac ;
stem slender, sub-fibrilloso-rimose, rather bulbous, base
brown ; gills broad, rounded behind and nearly free, white.
Plantations and roadsides.
141. A. (Tricholoma) exscissus, Fr. ; pileus 1 in.,
mouse-colour or fuscous-cinereous, not changing colour when
dry, smooth, shining, at length plane with a prominent
umbo ; flesh thin, white ; stem solid, thin, equal, polished,
white ; gills emargiuate, crowded, linear, shining-white.
In pastures. Cromer. ]\Iay.
142. A. (Tricholoma) subpiilverulentus, Pers. (p. 107) ;
li in. Epping Forest.
** Gills hecomimj riolaceous, <jrey, fidigmous.
143. A. (Tricholoma) sordidus, Fr. ; pileus 1-3 in.
livid lilac, becoming violet-fuscous or violet flesh-colour,
changing colour to dirty fuscous when old, somewhat fleshy,
at length plane or depressed, somewhat umbonate, smooth ;
margin when full-grown slightly striate ; stem stufted,
pliant, commonly thickened at base, somewhat incurved,
fibrilloso-striate, same colour as pileus ; gills at first
rounded, then sinuato-decurrent, somewhat crowded, at
length distant, violaceous, then pale or fuliginous.
On dung, etc. Great Elm, Somerset. Epping Forest.
144. A. (Tricholoma) paedidus, Fr. ; pileus H in.,
mouse-coloured, fuliginous, flaccid, umbonate, at length
depressed round the prominent umbo, moist, streaked with
innate fibrils, margin naked, flesh thin, tough, becoming
white ; stem stufted, externally somewhat cartilaginous,
internally fibrous, slightly bulbous, tough, somewhat striate,
28 OUTLINES ()!• i:i;iTI.SI[ FrXGOLOGV.
naked, dingy-grey ; gills somewhat sinuate, with a small
decurrent tooth, crowded, narrow, whitish, then grey.
In grassy places and woods. Abergavenny, etc.
145. A. (Tricholoma) lixivius, Fr, ; pileus 2-3 in.,
cinereous-fuscous, umber, slightly fleshy, umbonate, umbo
vanishing, never depressed, even, smooth, with a flattened,
membranaceous, at length slightly striate margin, some-
times sinuous ; stem stuffed, then hollow, compressed, often
fibrous, flexuous, fragile, cinereous, at first white-floccoso-
pruinose ; gills rounded-aduexed, almost free, distant, soft,
sometimes crisped, attenuated from stem to margin, grey.
In pine woods. Ascot. November.
146. A. (Tricholoma) putidus, Fr. ; pileus 1 in., some-
what olivaceous-grey, hoary when dry, hygrophanous,
slightly fleshy, even, umbonate, soft; margin straight;
stem hollow, equal, somewhat compressed, soft, somewhat
fragile, striate, slightly pruinose ; gills almost free, slightly
adnexed to top of cone, crowded, ventricose, cinereous.
In fir woods. Jedburgh, etc. October to November.
Odour strong, rancid.
Su))<;enus S. Clitocybe (p. lOT).
Series A.- Pileus fleshy, tiorning j^ide ivhen dry^ not hycjro-
phanous.
I. DisciFOiiMES. — Pileus disc-shcqyed, convex, then pla7ie or
depressed, reyidar ; (jills at flrst adnate or regidarly adnato-
decurrent.
* Pileus cinereovs or fuscous.
147. A. (Clitocybe) nebularis, Batsch. (p. 107) ; 3-5 in.
Epping Forest,
148. A. (Clitocybe) clavipes, P.; pileus H-2 in., fuscous,
fuliginous, cinereous-livid, generally whitish at margin.
AGAPJCINI. 29
fleshy, sooa plane, almost obconical, smooth, dry ; flesh
las. white, thin towards margin ; stem conical, solid, inter-
nally spongy, somewhat fibrillose, fuliginous-livid ; gills
deeply decurrent, somewhat distant, flaccid, entire, broad,
white, but varying yellowish.
In woods. Common. Epping Forest.
149. A. (Clitocybe) gangrsenosus, Fr. ; pileus at first
whitish, pulverulent, occasionally greenish, becoming livid,
fleshy, variegated or streaked, at length jet black ; flesh
becoming black or variegated with black ; stem solid, spongy,
somewhat bulbous, soft, striate, curved, sometimes excentric ;
gills somewhat decurrent, arcuate, crowded, dingy white.
In woods. Rare. Odour foetid.
Var. nigrescens, Lasch ; pileus thin, subumbonate,
sometimes depressed : stem tomentose.
In larch plantations. Odour rather sweet according to
Dr. Cooke ; taste unpleasant.
150. A. (Clitocybe) inornatus, Sow. (p. 108) ; 3 in.
151. A. (Clitocybe) hirneolus, Fr. ; gregarious ; pileus
■| in., hoary, slightly fleshy, at leugth depressed in the
centre and umbilicate, even, slightly shining, moist, involute
margin very thin ; flesh white ; stem slender, not cartilagi-
nous, elastic, equal, flexuous, grey, smooth, white pruinose
at apex, internally flocculose, stufl'ed ; gills somewhat
decurrent, crowded, thin, rather broad, whitish grey.
AmoQgst moss. Coed Coch.
152. A. (Clitocybe) xygophyllus, Cke. and Mass. ; pileus
2-4 in., rather fleshy, convex, then expanded, disc depressed,
hygrophanous, tough, flaccid, pallid, with a greyish tint
when moist, ochraceous white when dry ; margin thin, at
first involute, rugose, or plicate, as if pinched up at regular
intervals ; stem equal stuffed, spongy, white expanding
30 OUTLIXES (»F I!|;IT[SII l'UXf;OLO(;V.
into the pileus, even, smooth, with a thiu white toraentum
at base ; gills deeply decurrent, rather distant, distinctly
connected by veins, cinereous.
Among leaves. Swarraton, Hants.
■••■'-■■ Pileus violaceous, rvfescent.
153. A. (Clitocybe) cyanophseus, Fr. ; pileus 3-4 in.,
becoming azure- blue-fuscous, compact, at length plane,
smooth ; stem attenuated upwards, robust, solid, smooth ;
azure-blue when young, violaceous, then pale.
Var. Pengeilei. B. and Br. ; smaller than type.
154. A. (Clitocybe) amarus, Fr. ; pileus 2-3 in., rufes-
cent, whitish fuscous or becoming fuscous, then pale, whitish,
fleshy, pliant, at length flattened, dry, at first fibrilloso-
silky, then smooth, rivulose, margin at first involute, thin,
sometimes unequal and repaud ; flesh compact, white ; stem
white, stuffed, tough, firm, equal, at first fibrillose, then
smooth, white-tomentose at base ; gills adnato-decurrent,
crowded, thin, entire, becoming pale-white.
In woody places. Holm Lacy. Taste very bitter.
155. A. (Clitocybe) socialis, Fr. ; densely gregarious ;
pileus 1 in., pale yellowish with a reddish tinge, fleshy,
acutely umbonate, even, smooth, dry, flesh moderately thin,
white ; stem solid, fibrous, smooth, reddish, the rooting base
hairy.
Amongst fir leaves. Downton, Hereford.
*** Pileus becomitKj yellow.
156. A. (Clitocybe) amarella, P. ; pileus pale yellowish
or pallid fawn-colour, fleshy, somewhat umbonate, smooth ;
stem solid, compact, tough, equal, white- villous at base;
AGARICINI. 31
gills somewhat decurreiit, crowded, pallid-grey, paler than
pileus, somewhat shining, here and there dichotomous.
In woods. Coed Coch. Smell that of prussic acid, taste
very bitter.
157. A. (Clitocybe) vernieosus, Fr. (p. 108) ; 2 in.
158. A. (Clitocybe) venutissimus, Fr. ; pileus 1-2 in.,
brilliant glittering intense orange-reddish, becoming pale
yellowish, slightly fleshy, obtuse or somewhat umbilicate,
becoming silky-even, sometimes striate and crisped ; flesh
same colour ; stem stufted, then hollow, equal, smooth, red-
dish, commonly white-villous at base ; gills decurrent,
slightly distant, somewhat arcuate, glittering orange and
reddish.
Amongst larch leaves. Penicuik. Odour none.
159. A. (Clitocybe) subalutaceus. Batsch ; pileus 1-2
in., pale tan, becoming whitish, fleshy, soft, tough, obsoletely
umbonate or depressed, smooth ; stem stuff'ed, internally
spongy, elastic, almost equal, naked, becoming pale-straw
colour ; gills adnate, then somewhat decurrent, distant,
broad, simple, pallid.
Under holly. Oxton, Exeter. Odour like that of anise
or disagreeable.
**** Pileus (jreen, becoming pcde.
160. A. (Clitocybe) odorus, Bui/, (p. 108); 3 in.
Epping Forest.
161. A (Clitocybe) Trogii, Fr. ; pileus 3 in., cinereous
white, fleshy, compact, smooth, opaque ; stem solid, firm,
curt, thickened and villous at base, white ; gills somewhat
decurrent, crowded, white.
In woods. Coed Coch, etc. Fragrant.
162. A. (Clitocybe) rivulosus, P. ; pileus 1-2 in., flesh-
32 OUTLINES OF BKITISH FUNOOLOGY.
colovir, beconiiug white or fuscous when old, somewhat thin,
at length depressed, rimoso-rivulose and undulato-lobed,
never umbonate ; margin at first involute, villous ; flesh
compact, white ; stem stuffed with a spongy pith, at length
hollow, tough, elastic, ecjual, somewhat fibrillose and white ;
gills obliquely acute behind, aduate, then somewhat decur-
rent, broad, somewhat crowded, flesh colour, then white.
On lawn amongst moss. Coed Coch, etc.
Var. neptuneus, Batsch ; smaller than the type.
On dry mountain pastures near the sea. Llaudulas.
***** Colour sliininy ivhitish.
163. A. (Clitocybe) cerussatus, Fr. (p. 108) ; 2-3 in.
Var. dift'ormis, Schuiu. (p. 112); caespitose ; often very
large, pileus 2-7 in., undulato-lobed ; stem curt, sulcate
or longitudinally wrinkled ; gills at length pallid.
On rich ground. After continual rain. Epping Forest.
164. A. (Clitocybe) phyllophilus, Fr. (p. 109) ; 2-4 in.
Epping Forest.
165. A. (Clitocybe) pithyophilus. Seer. : gregarious,
pileus 2-3 in., dead-white when moist, shining whitish when
dry, fleshy, plane, umbilicate, at length irregular, repand
and undulato-lobed, even, smooth, flaccid ; margin slightly
striate when old ; stem somewhat hollow, rounded, then
compressed, equal, even, smooth, obsoletely pruinose at apex,
white tomentose at the base ; gills aduate, somewhat decur-
rent, crowded, plane, entire, white.
In fir woods, frequent.
166. A. (Clitocybe) tornatus, Fr.; pileus regular, 1-2 in.,
fleshy at disc, thin, plane at length depressed round the
gibbous disc, dry, smooth, slightly silky, at length delicately
rimoso-rivulose, white ; flesh white ; stem stuffed, tough.
AGAPJCINI. 33
fibrous, equal or attenuated downwards, smooth, unpolished,
white, base pubescent ; gills horizontal, adnate with a small
decurrent tooth, crowded.
Among grass, near old decayed elm stumps. North
Kilworth.
167. A. (Clitocybe) candicans, P. (p. 109) ; 1 in.
168. A. (Clitocybe) dealbatus, Sow. (p. 109) ; 1 in.
Epping Forest.
169. A. (Clitocybe) gallinaceus, Scop. ; Var. minor
Cke. (p. 109) ; ^-1 in. Epping Forest.
II. DiFFORMES. — Irregular in shape, ;J^7e^^s at first umbonate then
depressed, (jenerally ccespitose.
170. A. (Clitocybe) decastes, Fr. ; csespitose, pileus
livid tan or mouse colour, fleshy at disc, thin, fragile, smooth,
margin membranaceous, much undulated and lobed ; flesh
white; stem white, solid, soft, fibrous, splitting, commonly
attenuated and compressed, smooth, naked or pruinose at
apex ; gills adnato-decurrent or rounded, attenuated to-
wards margin, crowded or slightly distant, wavy.
In oak and beech woods. On sawdust. Coed Coch.
171. A. (Clitocybe) aggregatus, Schceff. ; csespitose,
pileus 3-4 in., grey-livid, then rufescent, fleshy, umbonate,
then depressed, often flaccid and excentric, somewhat
silky-streaked ; stem stuffed, fibrous-fleshy, thickened up-
wards, white-rufescent, curved, compressed ; gills unequally
decurrent, crowded, thin, flesh colour, then light yellow.
In oak woods. On sawdust. Coed Coch.
172. A. (Clitocybe) elixus. Sow. (p. 109) ; 2-3 in.
Epping Forest.
173. A. (Clitocybe) fumosus, P. (p. 107); 1-3 in.
Epping Forest.
34 OUTLINES OF I'.UITISII rrXGOLOGY.
174. A. (Clitocybe) tumulosus, Kulcltbr. ; ccespitose ;
pileus umber, then pale fieshy, conical, then expanded, um-
bonate, even, smooth ; stem solid, floccoso-pruiuose, pallid ;
gills slightly emarginate and dccurrcnt, crowded, white, then
cinereous.
In woods. Hereford.
175. A. (Clitocybe) pergamenus, Cke. ; csespitose, whitish
like vellum, rather cartilaginous, pileus H-2 in., convex, be-
coming plane, obtusely umbonate, smooth, even ; stem equal,
ascending, solid with a cartilaginous coating ; punctato-
squamose at apex ; gills broadly adnate, with a decurrent
tooth, rather crowded, white.
On old stump. Lyndhurst.
176. A. (Clitocybe) cryptarum, Letell. ; csespitose,
pileus brown, spotted, somewhat conical, depresso-floccu-
lent ; stem fistulose, more or less compressed, attenuated
upwards, streaked, somewhat striate, white ; gills somewhat
decurrent, arcuate, narrow, white.
On sawdust. Coed Cocli.
177. A. (Clitocybe) monstrosus, Soiv. ; often csespi-
tose ; pileus fleshy, convex and umbonate, waved and
lobed, opaque as if white-washed ; margin inflexed ; stem
compressed, solid, streaked, opaque, white, tomentoso-
squamulose above, slightly rooting ; gills moderately distant,
scarcely rounded behind, not decurrent, white or cream
colour.
On the ground. Probably esculent.
178. A. (Clitocybe) opacus, ll'itli. (p. 110); 1-2 in.
III. Infundibuliformes. — Funnel sJiaped, or deeply tombilicato
depressed, gills deeply decurrent from the first.
* Fileus coloured or becominy pale, the surface innato-floccidose or
silky ; hihulous.
A. (Clitoeybe) giganteus, Boiv. (p. 110). This is
Paxillus giganteus, Fr.
179. A. (Clitoeybe) maximus, Fr. ; pileus 12 in., pale
tan or whitish, fleshy, compact at the disc, thin, somewhat
flaccid, broadly iufuudibaliform, with a central umbo, dry,
surface silky, even or squamulose ; margin involute, pubes-
cent, even ; stem thick, solid, compact, internally spongy,
elastic, attenuated upwards, fibrilloso-striate, whitish ; gills
deeply decurrent, attenuated at both ends, somewhat
crowded, whitish, not changeable.
On grassy places, banks of hedges, etc. Frequent.
Epping Forest.
180. A. (Clitoeybe) infundibuliformis, Schceff. (p. 110) ;
3 in. Epping Forest.
Var. membranaceous, Fr. ; ditfers in all its parts, thinner,
stem equal, pileus without au umbo, colour brighter.
In fir woods and grassy places. Rare.
181. A. (Clitoeybe) truUseformis, Fr. ; pileus 2 in.,
fuscous-cinereous, unchangeable, fleshy, iufundibuliform,
margin flattened, flocculoso-villous, dry ; flesh white ; stem
spongy-stuft'ed, firm, elastic, attenuated upwards, fibrilloso-
striate, cinereous, villous downwards ; gills decurrent, distant,
connected by veins, broad, shining white.
On the border of a fir wood. Coed Coch.
182. A. (Clitoeybe) incilis, Fr. ; pileus 2 in., ruddy
brick-red, fleshy, plano-umbilicate, then iufundibuliform,
smooth when young, then silky-flocculose, inflexed margin
36 OUTLINES OF BKITISH FUNGGLOGY.
crenate ; stem hollow, fibrous, tough, unequal, attenuated
downwards, brick colour, at first covered with a delicate
floceulose pruina ; gills dccurrent, arcuate, distant, reticu-
lated with veius or distinct, white, becoming pale, but not
yellow.
In woods. King's Lynn.
183. A. (Clitocybe) parilis, Fr. ; pileus ;^ in., fuscous,
then grey-whitish, not hygrophanous, slightly lieshy,
depressed at the atomate or floceulose disc, without stripe,
involute, stem stuffed, tough, equal, smooth, naked, fuscous-
grey ; gills deeply dccurrent, very crowded, narrow, whitish-
grey.
By the sides of plantations. Coed Coch.
** Pileus coloured or ])cdlicl, smooth, moist in wet iveather.
184. A. (Clitocybe) gilvus, Fr. ; pileus 2-4 in., pale
yellowish, fleshy, compact, convex then depressed, even,
smooth, somewhat moist, polished and shining when dry,
here and there spotted, margin involute ; flesh compact, at
length fragile, somewhat the same colour as pileus; stem
solid, fleshy, stout, not elastic, equal, smooth, paler than
pileus, villous at base ; gills dccurrent, thin, crowded, often
branched, arcuate, narrow, pallid then ochraceous.
In woods. West Farlcigh. Kent.
185. A. (Clitocybe) subinvolutus, Batsch ; pileus brick
colour, convex, depressed, smooth, margin involute ; flesh
pallid ; stem paler, stout, straight, somewhat equal, clothed
at the lowei part with elevated veins or wrinkles, tomentose,
and inclining to flesh colour above, base obtuse ; gills
decurrent, rather broad, same colour as pileus.
In woods, chiefly of Conifers.
186. A. (Clitocybe) spinulosus, Stev. and Sm. ; pileus
1^-3 in., creamy flesh colour, fleshy, then plane or depressed,
gibbous or umbonate, leathery, smooth, edge eveu and in-
curved ; flesh white ; stem solid or stufted, attenuated from
the thickened base, fibrillose, whitish, zoned with crowded
spots of the same colour as pileus ; gills deeply decurrent,
rather crowded, white then light yellow.
Among grass by wayside. Greeniogs. Odour sweet and
pleasant.
This is A. geotropus. Bull. ; var. subinvolutus, Sm., in
Journal of Botany, 1873, p. 336.
187. A. Clitocybe geotropus, BuU. (p. 110); 1^-5 in.
188. A. (Clitocybe) splendens, P. ; pileus 3 in., pale
yellowish, becoming yellow, somewhat fleshy, thin round the
reflexed margin, piano-depressed, at length iufundibuliform,
eveu, smooth, shining ; flesh white, stem solid, equal, or
attenuated from base, even, smooth, same colour as pileus :
gills deeply decurrent, thin, crowded, simple, white, light
yellow when old.
In wood among dead leaves. E,eading.
189. A. (Clitocybe) inversus, Scop. (p. Ill) ; 2-3 in.
Epping Forest.
190. A. (Clitocybe) flaccidus, 8ow. (p. Ill) ; 2-3 in.
Epping Forest.
191. A. (Clitocybe) vermicularis, Fr. ; gregarious,
pileus flesh-colour then tan-flesh-colour, fleshy, thin, urabili-
cato-convex then reflexed, iufundibuliform, undulato-lobed,
even, smooth ; stem hollow, equal, soon compressed,
smooth, shining, white, not elastic, somewhat fragile ; gills
shortly decurrent, very crowded, thin, white.
In fir wood. Forres.
192. A. (Clitocybe) senilis, Fr. ; gregarious ; pileus
2 in., dingy-fuscous-tan, fleshy-membranaceous, flaccid; disc
depressed when young, soon iufundibuliform, undulato-
lobed, even, smooth ; stem solid, equal, smooth, whitish.
38 OUTLINES OF mtlTlSlI FUXUOLOGY.
naked at base ; gills deeply decurrent, linear, narrow, very
crowded, at first whitish, then same colour as pileus.
On lawn. Coed Coch.
*** Pileus shinimj, lohitish, sprinkled over vntli small superficial
Jlocci or becoming smooth.
193. A. (Clitocybe) catinus, Fr. ; pileus 2 in., at first
white, then passing into pale tlesh-colour during rain and
into tan colour in dry weather, fleshy, then plane, then
infundibuliform, obtuse, even, smooth ; flesh thin, flaccid,
white; stem stuffed, internally spongy, elastic, tough,
thickened and tomentose at base ; gills decurrent, broad,
not much crowded, white.
Araoug dead leas'es. Ludlow. Epping Forest.
194. A. (Clitocybe) tuba, Fr. ; wholly white; pileus
2-3 in., fleshy, thin, convexo-plaue, umbilicate, even,
without striffi at margin, dead white when moist, shining
whitish when dry, smooth, but at first covered with a thin
silky film ; stem stufi'ed then hollow and compressed, very
tough, equal, naked upwards ; gills deeply decurrent, very
crowded, broad, white, becoming pale.
On dead leaves. Coed Coch, etc.
195. A. (Clitocybe) ericetorum, Bull. ; pileus 1-2 in.,
white, fleshy, globose, then plane or concave, somewhat
turbinate, often exceutric and repand, smooth, shining ; stem
solid, floccoso-soft internally, attenuated downwards, some-
times compressed, tough, naked, smooth, white ; gills rather
shortly decurrent, somewhat distant, connected by veins at
the base, white.
Among short grass. Coed Coch. Epping Forest.
AGAlilCINI. 39
Series B. — Pileus between flashy and membranous, hyrjro-
■phanous.
IV. Cyathiformes. — Pileus fleshy -membranous, liyijrophanous,
depressed, at length cup-shaped; gills adnate, then decii^rrent.
Colour dingy ivhen moist.
196. A. (Clitocybe) cyathiformis Fr. (p. Ill) ; U-3
in. Epping Forest.
197. A. (Clitocybe) expallens, P. ; pileus 1-2 in., when
young somewhat fleshy, convexo-plane, cinereous-fuscous,
at first sprinkled white-silky, then plano-infundibuliform,
livid, disc slightly fleshy ; margin membranaceous and
striate ; stem flocculose internally, soon hollow, tough,
equal, smooth, white-silky at apex ; gills decurreut, thin,
slightly distant, soft, white-cinereous.
In mixed wood. Glamis.
198. A. (Clitocybe) obbatus, Fr. ; pileus 1 in., fuscous-
blackish, pale \vhen dry, cinereous, somewhat membrana-
ceous, coiivexo-plane with broadly umbilicate disc, smooth,
striate to the middle ; stem hollow, flexuose, smooth, slightly
striate, fuscous-cinereous ; gills slightly decurrent, distant,
broad, dark cinereous, white-pruinose.
In fir woods.
199. A. (Clitocybe) pruinosus, Lasch ; pileus 1-2 in.,
brown, becoming cinereous when dry, hygrophanous, fleshy-
membranaceous, when young umbilicate, with lead-coloured
pruina, when full grown broadly infundibuliform and
smooth, sometimes squamulose ; flesh thin, becoming cine-
reous ; stem stufi'ed or obsoletely fistulose, equal, often
curved, flocculose at base, fibrillose when young, same colour
as, or paler than, pileus.
On rotten wood and on the ground.
40 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUXGOLOGY.
200. A. (Clitocybe) eoncavus, Scop. ; pileus 1-2 iu.^
hygrophanous, fuliginous wheu moist, ciuereous or clay-hoary
when dry, slightly fleshy, very thin, flaccid, at first plano-
convex, widely and deeply umbilicate, then concave, smooth,
border undulated ; flesh tough, pallid ; stem stufl'ed, tough,
wholly fibrous-soft, curt, equal, naked, smooth, cinereous ;
gills decurrent, arcuate, very crowded, dark fuliginous.
In woods and pastures. Rare.
201. A. (Clitocybe) brumalis, Fr. : 1 in. Eppiug Forest.
V. Orbiformes. — Pileus round, someiohat fleshy, moist, hyyro-
phanous, convex, tlien flattened 07' depressed, gills adnate.
* Gills hecominy cinereous.
202. A. (Clitocybe) metachrous, Fr. (p. 91); 1-2 in.
Epping Forest.
203. A. (Clitocybe) pausiacus, Fr. ; pileus 1 in.,
cinereous, becoming somewhat olive, fleshy, thin, at first
convex, sometimes umbouate, then plane and depressed,
even, smooth, when young hoary-silky ; stem tough, some-
what hollow, equal, striate, often undulated, smooth, white-
pruinose at apex, cinereous ; gills broad behind, obtusely
adnate, crowded, semicircular, inclining to olivaceous.
In woods, amongst leaves. On the ground. Coed Coch.
204. A. (Clitocybe) ditopus, Fr. ; pileus 2 in.,
cinereous, somewhat fleshy, tough, convexo-plane, then
inverted, infuudibuliform, often uudulato-lobed and irregu-
lar ; stem hollow, then compressed, equal, naked, pale
cinereous, pubescent at base ; gills adnate, crowded, thin,
at length turned upwards, dark cinereous.
Among dead leaves. Moccas Park. Epping Forest.
AGARICINI. 41
** Gills loJiitish ; jnleus becoming ^;a/e.
205. A. (Clitocybe) diatretus, Fr. ; pileus 1-2 iu.,
slightly fleshy^ tough, regular, margin involute, pubescent,
then piano-depressed, often fiexuose, even, smooth, hygro-
phanous, flesh colour when moist, then tan-colour and
flaccid ; stem spongy-stutt'ed, then hollow, elastic, flexile,
not cartilaginous, equal, round, even, smooth, pallid, naked
at apex^ pubescent at base ; gills adnate, decurrent with a
tooth, crowded, at first white-flesh colour, then pale white.
In pine woods. Coed Coch.
206. A. (Clitocybe) fragrans, Sow. (p. 112) ; 1-2 in.
Epping Forest.
207. A. (Clitocybe) angustissimus, Lasch ; pileus
2 in., watery white, shining whitish when dry, fleshy, thin,
piano-depressed, not umbilicate, even, smooth ; margin at
length slightly striate ; flesh thin, moderately firm ; stem
stuft'ed, internally fibrous, often curved and fiexuose, smooth,
or pubescent at base ; gills somewhat decurrent, very
crowded, thin, narrow white.
In woods, among leaves and moss. Ascot.
208. A. (Clitocybe) obsoletus, Batsch ; pileus 1 in.,
at first grey, soon clay-whitish, sometimes inclining to
flesh colour, somewhat fleshy, soft, convex, then plane and
depressed, even, smooth ; stem stuff'ed, then hollow, round,
then often compressed, even, smooth, obsoletely pruinate at
apex, whitish ; gills obtusely adnate, almost rounded behind,
then adnato-decurrent, broad, crowded grey-whitish.
By road-sides in pine woods. Among grass and leaves.
Coed Coch. Epping Forest.
42 OUTLINES OF JSIMTI.SH FUNGOLOUY.
VI. Versiformes. — Variable in sJuqje. Pileus thin, convex, then
irreyular in shape squamulose or mealij, ijills adnate, broad,
rather thick, distant, poicdered toith lohite meal.
* Pileus dinyy, scaly.
209. A. (Clitocybe) ectypus, Fr. (p. 113); ^2-3 in.
210. A. (Clitocybe) belltis, P. (p. 113) ; 2 iu. Epping
Forest.
** Pileus briylit, one colour.
211. A. (Clitocybe) laccatus, Scop. (p. 113) ; 1 in.
Epping Forest.
Var. amethystiuus, Bolt. ; whole plant of a beautiful
amethystine violet.
Var. tortilis, Bolt. ; small, irregular, often Ci\3spitose,
resembling type, but much smaller.
A. (Clitocybe) difformis, P. ; = A. cerassatus, Fr. ;
No. 163.
212. A. (Clitocybe) Sadleri, B. and Br.; 2-2^ in.,
CEespitose; light yellow, centre tawny, piano-depressed or
umbilicate, at first slightly silky, at length becoming smooth
towards centre; stem yellow with tawny fibrils, base
thickened ; gills decurrent, thin, very crowded, lemon-
yellow, entire at margin.
On an oak tub in Conservatory. Edinburgh.
Subgenus 9. Collybia (p. 114).
Series A. — Gills 'white or briyhtly coloured, not cinereous ;
flesh white.
I. Stri.epedes. — i:item fihrilloso- striate.
* GiUs broad, somewhat distant.
213. A. (Collybia) radicatxis, Behl. (p. 114); 3-4 in.
Epping Forest.
AGAPJCINL 43
214. A. (CoUybia) longipes, Bull (p. Ill) ; 3-4 in.
215. A. (CoUybia) platyphyllus, Fr. (p. 114) ; 3-4 in.
Epping Forest.
Var. repens, Fr. ; pileus more fleshy than type, depressed ;
stem hollow, compressed, pruinate at apex, with a creeping
string-like mycelium.
216. A. (CoUybia) semitaUs, Fr. ; pileus 1-4 in.,
black, fuliginous or smoky-livid, hygrophanous, when dry
pallid cinereous-yellow or grey, fleshy-cartilaginous, thin,
convex then plane ; margin inflexed then plane and pellucid-
striate ; flesh white when dry ; stem somewhat hollow,
tough, elastic, attenuated from the bulbous or bluntly
rooted base, fibrilloso-striate, fuscous or cinereous-white,
naked at apex ; gills obtuse behind, adfixed in the form of
a ring with a small decurrent tooth, somewhat distant,
broad, white, then cinereous, spotted black when touched,
at length black.
By road-sides after rain. Coed Coch.
217. A. (CoUybia) fusipes, Ball. (p. 115) ; 1^ in.
Epping Forest.
Var. cedematopus, Sclueff. ; pileus rufous-date-browu,
conical, then plane, pulverulent ; stem stout, ventricose,
fibrillose, pulverulent ; gills pallid.
On trunks. Glamis.
** Gills crotoded, narrow.
218. A. (CoUybia) maculatus, A. and S. (p. 115) ;
3-5 in. Epping Forest.
219. A. (CoUybia) fodiens, Kalchb. ; pileus fleshy,
firm, convex, obtuse, margin iuflexed, even, smooth, flesh-
colour, becoming yellowish, darker and gibbous in centre ;
stem hollow, tough, somewhat ventricose, often longitudi-
44 OUTLIXKS (;F liltlTISH Fl'XGOLUdV.
rally costate, attenuated into a rooting base of equal length
or longer, deeply immersed in the ground, smooth, white ;
gills rounded, emarginate, crowded, narrow, yellowish-
white.
On grass borders. Alresford, Hants.
2.20. A. (CoUybia) prolixus, Fl. Dan. ; pileus 2-3 in.,
iieshy, convex, then flattened, gibbous, large, even,
smooth ; stem solid, rather stout, nearly equal, abrupt at
base, sulcate, brick-red ; gills free, crowded, entire, white,
unspotted.
Among dead leaves. Kew.
221. A. (Collybia) distortus, Fr.; gregarious, pileus
3 in., bay brown, then pale, not hygrophanous, fleshy, thin,
convex then expanded, umbonate, lax, even, smooth ; stem
attenuated upwards, base tomentose, fragile, externally
cartilaginous, internally spongy, soon hollow, contorted,
sulcate, pallid ; gills slightly adnexed, crowded, somewhat
linear, at length spotted-rubiginous.
On roots of trees. Bowood. Epping Forest.
222. A. (CoUybia) butyraeeus, Bull. (p. 115) ; 2-3 in.
Epping Eorest.
223. A. (Collybia) xylophilus, IJ^einm. ; ca3spitose ;
pileus 3 in., whitish or becomiug fuscous-tan in middle,
slightly fleshy, campanulatc, sometimes slightly umbonate,
at length rimosely split towards the margin, broadly gibbous,
smooth, moist ; flesh thin, fragile, then watery-fuscous ;
stem hollow, equal, flexuose, librilloso-striate, whitish, in-
ternally fuscous ; gills adnate, often decurreut with a small
tooth, narrow, crowded, entire.
About old stumps. Black Park, Langlcy.
ac;aricini. 45
II. Vestipedes. — Stem velvety, Jioccose or i^ruinose.
* Gills broad, somewhat distant.
224. A. (CoUybia) velutipes, Curt. (p. 116) ; 1-4 m.,
Epping Forest.
Var. rubescens, Cke. ; pileus 1 in., viscid, bright ferru-
ginous brown, obscurely striate, stem as in type, velvety
dark brown, internally blackish below, white above ; gills
becoming spotted with brown.
Among fir leaves. Largo, N.B.
225. A. (Collybia) laxipes, Fr. ; pileus 1| in., white,
slightly fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, smooth, moist; stem
stuffed, rufous-velvety, long, stiff; gills separating-free,
distant, broad, ventricose, white.
On wood and chips.
226. A. (Collybia) mimicus, Sin. ; pileus 2 in., pale
brownish-yellow, smooth, with a ihin separable cuticle ;
stem fibrillose at base, fibrilloso-striate in middle, naked
or slightly pruinose at apex ; gills very broad, somewhat
distant, thin, white.
Among shavings. Odour and taste strong, fishy.
227. A. (Collybia) floccipes, Fr. ; pileus rather fleshy,
campanulate, then convex, umbonate, even, silky, becoming
pale ; stem fistulose, straight, rooting, pallid, rough, with
floccose, punctiform, black squamules ; gills adnexed, ven-
tricose, rather distant, thick, white.
In a stump. Leigh Woods, Bristol.
228. A. (Collybia) vertirugis, Cke.
= A. (Collybia) undatus. Berk. (p. 117) ; 1 in.
229. A. (Collybia) stipitarius, F. (p. 116) ; \-\ in.
** Gills very narroio, very croivded.
230. A. (Collybia) hariolorum, DC. ; gregarious ; pileus
46 OUTLINES OF i!i;iTisir FrxooLonv.
2 in., tan-colour, whitish, somewhat membranaceousj pliant,
campanulato-convex, then flattened, rather depressed, even,
smooth, somewhat striate at the margin ; stem cartilagi-
nous, fistulose, somewhat equal and compressed, mostly
rufescent-villous, naked at apex ; gills at first slightly ad-
nexed, soon free, crowded, linear, whitish.
In Avoods. Coed Coch, Strong-scented.
231. A. (Collybia) confluens, P. (p. 116) ; 1 in. Epping
Forest.
232. A. (Collybia) ingratus, Schum. (p. 116) ; li in.
233. A. (Collybia) conigenus, P. (p. 117) ; ]-l in.
231. A. (Collybia) cirrhatus, Sc/iuni. (p. 117); ^| in.
Epping Forest.
235. A. (Collybia) tuberosus, Bii//. (p. 117) ; ^ in.
Epping Forest.
236. A. (Collybia) racemosus, P. (p. 118); ^ in.
III. LyEviPEDES. — Stem even.
* GUIs broad, commonhj someioJmt distant.
237. A. (Collybia) coUinus, Scop. ; pileus 1-2 in., pale
fuscous or pale tan, fleshy-membranaceous, campanulate,
then expanded and umbonate, smooth, somewhat viscous,
slightly striate, when dry, even, shining; flesh thin, white;
stem fistulose, somewhat fragile, equal or slightly attenuated
upwards, even, smooth, pallid-whitish, pubescent at base ;
gills adnexed, then free, somewhat distant, broad, quater-
nate, becoming pale white.
On grassy slopes. Beech stumps. Uncommon.
238. A. (Collybia) thelephorus, Cke. and Mass. ; pileus
1-1^ in., rather fleshy, campanulate, with an acute mammi-
late umbo, ochraceous, becoming darker and fuliginous at
AGAKICIXI. 47
apex, margin at first incurved, then repand, faintly striate ;
stem cylindrical, equal, hollow, purple at base, paler at
apex, slender, smooth ; gills broadest behind, adnate, rather
crowded.
In peat bogs. Scarborough.
239. A. (Collybia) ventricosus, Bull. ; pileus tan or
dingy, slightly fleshy, campanulato-convex, umbonate,
smooth ; stem fistulose, even, naked, rufescent, ventricose
at base, rooted ; gills arcuato-adfixed, ventricose, lax, some-
what crowded, undulated, rufescent.
In woods. Bathford.
240. A. (Collybia) Stevensoni, B. and Br. ; pileus \ in.,,
pallid yellow, semi-ovate, obtuse, viscid, here and there
spotted-viscous ; stem thin, fibrillose, pulverulent upwards,
composed of fibres, slightly rufous, rooting; gills adnate,
with a decurrent tooth, broad, somewhat ventricose, distant,
white.
In old pasture. Glamis.
241. A. (Collybia) psathyroid.es, Cke. ; pileus f in.,
campanulate, obtuse, rather viscid; margin regular, even;
stem hollow, slender, equal, rather tongh ; gills adnate,
with a decurrent tooth, broad, triangular, rather distant,
white.
On the ground. Epping Forest.
242. A. (Collybia) xanthopus, Fr. (p. 118) ; 1-2 in.
243. A. (CoUybia) nitellinus, Fr. ; pileus l-\\ in.,
tawny or brick-tawny, when dry somewhat tan, somewhat
membranaceous, convexo-plane, smooth, obscurely rugulose,
pellucido-striate when moist ; flesh same colour ; stem soft-
cartilaginous, readily splitting into fibrils, stuffed, then
fistulose, equal, flexuose, somewhat rooted, ferruginous-
tawny, yellow when dry, white villous at base, obsoletely
48 OUTLINES OF 15KITIS1I FUNCIOLOGV.
pruinose at apex ; gills adnate, very obtuse behind, some-
what crowded, narrow, whitish.
By roads in woods.
244. A. (Collybia) succineus, Fr. ; pileus 1 in., rufous
or brown-fuscous, becoming pale, fleshy, thin, convex, then
flattened, obtuse, at length depressed and unequal, rimosely
split when dry, even, smooth ; stem fistulose. tough, at-
tenuated at base, not rooted, polished, pidlid-rufescent ;
gills adnate, obtuse behind, slightly crowded, broad, thick,
becoming pale white, edge serrulated.
Amongst grass. In mixed wood. Coed Coch.
245. A. (Collybia) nummularius, Fr. ; pileus \\ in.,
pallid, slightly variegated with yellow and red, slightly
fleshy, rather plane, depressed round the obsolete umbo,
even ; stem stuffed, then hollow, smooth, pallid, thickened
at apex ; gills free, somewhat distant, white.
Amongst leaves. In mixed woods. Glamis.
246. A. (Collybia) esculentus, Jacq. (p. 118); \ in.
247. A. (Collybia) tenacellus, P. ; h in.
Var. stolonifer, Jungh. ; pileus fuscous, becoming pale,
slightly fleshy, plane, obtuse, somewhat depressed, smooth ;
margin somewhat striate ; stem fistulose, equal, smooth,
becoming fuscous, with a creeping somewhat stoloniferous
rooting stem ; gills rounded-adnexed, vcntricose, somewhat
distant, whitish.
In pine woods, amongst leaves. Frequent.
** (Jills narroio, crovxled.
248. A. (Collybia) acervatus, Fr. (p. 119) ; 2-3 in.
219. A. (Collybia) dryophilus, Bull. (p. 119); 1-2 in.
Epping Forest.
250. A. (Collybia) aquosus, BuU. ; pileus watery.
AGARICINI. 49
ochraceous or brick-colour, then whitish, slightly fleshy,
rather plane, obtuse, smooth, hygrophanous ; margin striate ;
stem fistulose, naked, rufous-tawny, fibrillose at base; gills
rounded-free, crowded, narrow, tense and straight, white or
pallid.
Among moss. Coed Coch.
251. A. (CoUybia) extuberans, Fr. ; pileus 1-2 in.,
rufous-fuscous, bay-brown, sometimes pale, not hygropha-
nous, slightly fleshy, convex, then flattened, orbicular, at
length depressed round the prominent umbo, even, smooth,
slightly viscid Avhen moist ; flesh white ; stem tough, fistu-
lose, equal, tense and straight, smooth, even, shining, same
colour as pileus or paler, rooted at base ; gills somewhat
free, reaching the stem, with a small tooth, crowded, narrow,
white.
On the ground and trunks.
252. A. (Collybia) exsculptus, Fr. (p. 119) ; 1-2 in.
253. A. (Collybia) macilentus, Fr. ; pileus 1 in., dark
yellow, slightly fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, orbicular,
even, smooth, dry ; flesh thin, yellow ; stem obsoletely
fistulose, tough, cartilaginous, filiform, flexuose, smoQth,
light yellow, slightly rooted at base ; gills separating-free,
very crowded, narrow, linear, unequal, yellow.
In pine woods. Corstorphine, etc.
254. A. (Collybia) clavus, L. (p. 119) ; J in.
255. A. (Collybia) ocellatus, Fr. (p. 120) ; \ in.
Epping Forest.
256. A. (Collybia) muscigenus, Fr. ; pileus \ in.,
somewhat membranaceous, pellucid, globoso-hemispherical,
then flattened, obtuse, even, smooth, withering ; margin
►entire, persistent, not revolute; stem capillary, flexuose.
50 OUTLINES OF BlUTISII FUNOOLOGY.
flaccid^ naked, smooth, somewhat rootiug at base ; gills
adnata, somewhat crowded, linear, edge entire.
Amongst moss and grass. Coed Coch. Epping Forest.
257. A. (CoUybia) leucomyosotis, Cke. and Sm. ; pileus
convex, then expanded, sometimes obtusely umbonate,
pale mouse-colour, disc darker, whole plant becoming pallid,
almost white when dry, strong-scented, rather fragile ;
margin faintly striate ; stem hollow, very brittle, slightly
pruinose above, pallid, white at base and obtuse ; gills
thick, moderately distant, adnate, sinuate behind.
On Sjihagnum in bogs. Wimbledon, etc.
Series B. — Gills hecominy cinereous.
IV. Tephropiian.e. — Colour dingy, becoming cinereous.
* Gills crowded, somewhat narroio.
258. A. (CoUybia) rancidus, Fr. ; pileus 1-2 in.,
not hygrophanous, lead-colour-black, fuliginous, then pale,
slightly pruinose-silky, slightly tleshy-cartilaginous, tough,
convex, then plane, broadly and obtusely umbonate, even,
smooth ; stem fistulose, rigid, equal, smooth, livid with a long
fusiform, villous, rooting stem ; gills free, crowded, narrow,
ventricose, dark cinereous, somewhat pruinose.
Under cedars. About trunks in woods. Burnham
Beeches. Odour of rancid meal.
259. A. (CoUybia) coracinus, Fr. : pileus 1^ in., hygro-
phanous, fuscous and shining, then grey and opaque, some-
what fleshy-cartilaginous, convexo-cxpanded, umbonate or
depressed, often undulated and irregular, even or wrinkled
round margin, smooth ; ^flesh white ; stem hollow, cartilagi-
nous, tough and rigid, then fragile, compressed (sometimes
lacunose), somewhat attenuated downwards, not rooted, be-
AGARICINI. 51
coming fuscous, mealy at apex ; gills obtusely aduate,
separating, broad, scarcely crowded, at length connected by
veins, whitish-grey.
260. A. (Collybia) ozes, Fr.: pileus 1 in., hygrophauous,
grey-fuscous, pallid when dry, slightly fleshy, convex, then
plane, umbonate, smooth, striate at margin when moist ;
stem at length hollow, almost equal, lax, flexuose, fragile,
slightly striate, fuliginous-grey, white-mealy at apex ; gills
adnate, somewhat ventricose, crowded, broad, entire, fuligi-
nous-olivaceous.
On the ground. On pine leaves. Hothorpe, Northants.
261. A. (Collybia) inolens, Fr. ; pileus 1-2 in., hygro-
phanous, livid, then pale tan and slightly silky, opaque, slightly
fleshy, campanulato-convex, then plane, obtusely and broadly
umbonate, smooth, margin inflexed, then expanded, striate,
undulated ; stem compressed, rigid, fistulose, then soft and
hollow, equal, livid, becoming pale, white strigose at base,
white squamulose at apex ; gills adfixed, separating, some-
what free, broad, linear, slightly ventricose, whitish grey.
In woods, chiefly pine. Uncommon.
262. A. (Collybia) plexipes, Fr. ; pileus 1-2 in., blackish,
whitish at margin, then fuliginous-livid, fleshy-membran-
aceous, campanulate, umbonate, somewhat wrinkled, slightly
striate ; stem fistulose, equal, cartilaginous, surface finely
silky-fibrous, slightly striate, livid, shortly and bluntly
rooted ; gills attenuated behind, free, ventricose, somewhat
crowded, white, then becoming glaucous.
On trunks. In woods. Uncommon.
263. A. (Collybia) atratus, Fr. (p. 120) ; 1 in. Epping
Forest
264. A. (Collybia) ambustus, Fr. ; pileus 1 in., fuscous,
then fuscous-livid, somewhat membranaceous, convex, plane.
52 OUTLINES OF BKITIRII FUXGOLOGY.
then depressed, umbonatc with a minute papilla, smooth, at
first even, then slightly striate ; stem fistulose, cartilaginous,
tense and straight, livid fuscous, pruinose, then naked ;
gills adnate, with a decurrcut tooth, crowded, plane, lanceo-
late, becoming fuscous.
On scorched ground. Kew.
** Gills very broad, more or less distant.
265. A. (CoUybia) laceratus, Lasch (p. 120); U in.
Epping Forest.
266. A. (CoUybia) murinus, Batsch ; pileus 1 in.,
fuscous-brown, then pale, slightly fleshy, tough, campanu-
lato-convex, then expanded, obtuse, or umbilicate, without
striae, slightly wrinkled or very thinly squaraulose ; margin
at first involute, always even ; stem hollow, equal, tense
and straight, not rooting, pubescent at base, slightly fibril-
lose under a lens, becoming cinereous-white ; gills attenuato-
adnexed, broad, thick, distant, white, then cinereous.
On the ground in woods. Marlborough Forest.
267. A. (CoUybia) protractus, Fr. ; pileus 1 in,, grey-
fuscous, shining, somewhat membranaceous, convexo-plane,
disc slightly depressed, with a rudimentary umbo ; margin
paler, striate ; stem fistulose, cartilaginous, then soft, tense
and straight, even, smooth, livid-grey, extended under-
ground in root form, attenuated, fibroso-strigose ; gills
adfixed, ventricose, broad, somewhat distant, grey, white-
pruinose.
In pine woods. On mossy ground, beside stumps. Rare.
268. A. (CoUybia) tesquorum, Fr. ; \-h in, fuscous-
black, then pale, fleshy-raembranaceous, slightly firm, convex,
obtuse, smooth ; flesh same colour: stem fistulose, filiform,
AGARICINI. 53
flexuose, smooth, fuscous, mealy at apex ; gills free, broad,
ventricose, somewhat distant, cinereous-fuscous.
On waste ground, and in open pastures. Ascot.
269. A. (Collybia) clusilis, Fr. ; pileus 1 in., livid, then
pale, grey clay-colour, somewhat membranaceous, rather
plane, broadly depressed in centre, much sloped towards
incurved margin, even, smooth, fragile, slightly striate
at margin when moist ; stem wholly cartilaginous-soft,
flexile, stufted, polished, livid ; gills adnate, plane, with
a decurrent tooth, not ventricose, white, becoming
pale.
Amongst moss.
Var. B. minor ; half the size of type.
270. A. (Collybia) tylicolor, Fr. ; pileus ^ in., grey-
cinereous, slightly fleshy, somewhat umbonate, even, opaque ;
stem fistulose, somewhat fragile, not rooting, equal, even,
grey, everywhere whitish-pulverulent ; gills free, distant,
broad, rather thick, grey, paler than pileus.
In shady woods amongst grass. Coed Coch.
271. A. (Collybia) Dorothese, B. ; pileus 1 in., at flrst
globose, dark brown, hemispherical, expanded, with a slight
umbo, then depressed and pale brown, sulcate from the
crenate margin almost to centre, granulate, and beset with
small bristles ; stem brownish above, white below, with a
minute disc-like swelling at the base, then yellowish or
rufous below and white above, granulated and beset with
white bristles like the pileus ; gills white, distant, adnexed,
slightly ventricose, connected behind, edge entire.
On a dead fern stem in a hothouse. Dangstein.
272. A. (Collybia) caldarii, B. ; pileus \ in., hemi-
spherical, umbonate, brown, rugose, not turning pale ;
stem paler, even, cartilaginous externally ; gills adnato-
54 OUTLINE.S OF F.HITISII KUXGOLOGY.
decurrent^ somewhat ash-coloured, interstices near the
margin veined.
On Sphaymini, in an orchid pot. Dangstein.
Subgenus 10. Mycena (p. 121).
I, Calodontes. — Edfje of y ills darker, denticidate.
27o. A. (Mycena) pelianthinus, Fr. (p. 121) ; H in.
274. A. (Mycena) balaninus, Berk. (p. 121) ; H in.
275. A. (Mycena) Iris, Berk. (p. 121) ; § in.
276. A. (Mycena) mirabilis, Cke. and Quel. ; pileus
fleshy, campanulate, umbo darker, smooth, finely striate;
stem rather tomentose-rooting, bluish floccose ; gills slightly
adnexed, distant, white, edges darkened with minute par-
ticles.
On fir trunks, amongst Hypnum. Dr. Cooke considers
this plant to be distinct from the next.
277. A. (Mycena) marginellus, P. : pileus ^ in., some-
what fuscous when young, then changeable, slightly fleshy,
campanulate, not viscid, with exception of the smooth
darker umbo, slightly striate and somewhat azure-blue,
floccose ; stem somewhat tomentose-rooting, with the same
flocci as on pileus ; gills slightly adnexed, distant, white or
cinereous, fringed at edge with dark azure-blue or red.
Amongst flr trunks, with Hypnum cupressiforme.
Aboyne. The Rev. John Stevenson considers this i)lant to
1)C the same with the last.
278. A. (Mycena) aurantio-marginatus, Fr. ; pileus
1 in., olivaceous-fuscous, then pale, fleshy at the disc, cam-
panulate, convex, obtuse, or obsoletely umbonate, even,
smooth ; margin straight, slightly striate at margin when
moist; stem brittle, flstulose, inflated, ventricose, zoned
AGAlilGINI. 55
with yellow strigose down at base, even, smooth, livid-pale ;
gills veutricose, atteuuato-adnexed, almost free, connected
by veins, becoming livid-green, orange, edge toothed or
fiocculoso-pencilled.
In silver-fir wood. Perth. Smell strong.
279. A. (Mycena) elegans, P. (p. 121) ; h in, Epping
Forest.
280. A. (Mycena) rubro-marginatus, Fr. (p. 122) ; 1 in.
Var. fusco-purpureus, Lasch ; purple-brown ; stem
finely striate, with a rooting villous base ; gills eroded,
edge brown.
On willow trunks.
281. A. (Mycena) strobilinus, Fr. (p. 122) ; h in.
Var. coccineus ; same as type, but gills not darker at
the edge.
282. A. (Mycena) rosellus, Fr. (p. 122).
II. Adoxid.e. — Colour pure, bright^ not becoming fuscous or
cinereous.
283. A. (Mycena) pvirus, P. (p. 122) ; A-3 in. Epping
Forest.
284. A. Mycena pseudo-purus, Cke. ; pileus 1 in.,
rosy, then pale, rather fleshy, campanulate, then convex,
expanded, obtusely umbonate, smooth ; margin obscurely
striate ; stem slender, hollow, rigid, straight, even, naked,
at first rosy-white, then brown ; gills adnate, whitish.
In woods. Coed Coch.
285. A. (Mycena) zephirus, Fr. ; pileus 1 in., livid-
reddish, white flesh-colour, disc sometimes fuscous, some-
what membranaceous, diaphanous, campanulate, obtuse,
striate to the middle, smooth ; stem fistulose, equal or
attenuated upwards, slightly striate, white-squamulose at
56 OUTLINES OF nitlTlSH FUKGOLOGY.
apex when young, then naked, rufescent, incurved and
woolly at base ; gills adnate, somewhat decurrent with a
small tooth, broad, at length separating, connected by veins.
On decayed fir wood. Glamis.
28(). A. (Mycena) Adonis, Bull. (p. 1.'23) ; -iin. Epping
Forest.
287. A. (Mycena) lineatus, Bidl. ; pilcus \ iu., light yellow,
varying whitish, membranaceous, hood-shaped then cam-
panulate, obtuse, lineato-sulcate, smooth ; stem fistulose,
filiform, equal, even, smooth, becoming light yellow, white-
villous, somewhat velvety at base ; gills adnate, linear,
somewhat distant, white.
Among moss. Foxley.
288. A. (Mycena) luteo-albus, Bolt. (p. 123); I in.
289. A. (Mycena) flavo-albus, Fr. ; growing in troops,
pileus \ in., ochraceous, yellow-white or white, somewhat
membranaceous, very slightly fieshy, campanulate, then
flattened, umbonate, smooth, even, rimosely split when dry,
stem fistulose, slightly rigid, tense and straight, equal,
pellucidly white, smooth at base, pruinose at apex ; gills
adnexed, ventricose, distant, white.
In woods and meadows. Frequent.
290. A. (Mycena) lacteus, P. ; \ in. Epping Forest.
291. A. (Mycena) gypseus, Fr. ; cicspitose ; fragile;
pileus membranaceous, couico-campanulate, glabrous, striate
to umbo, stem straight, attenuated upwards, hairy at base ;
gills attenuato-adnexed, subuncinate, white.
On trunks. Epping Forest.
III. KiciDiPEDES. — Stem rigid ; r/ills changinr/ colour from
white to (/reij or reddish.
292. A. (Mycena) cohgerans, Fr. ; pileus ] in., cinnamon
AGAMCINI. 57
or bay-tawny-j becoming pale, slightly fleshy, campauulate,
smooth, but velvety in appearance ; stem fistulose, almost
horny, equal, shining, bay-brown upwards, whitish at apex,
date-brown and villous-downy below ; gills rounded behind,
somewhat free, distant, connected by veins, broad, white
then pale.
On bramble, among pine leaves, etc. Batheaston.
Csespitoso-fasciculate.
293. A. (Mycena) proliferus, Fr. (p. 123).
294. A. (Mycena) excisus, Lasch ; pileus campanulato-
convex, slightly fleshy at disi*, somewliat umbonate, slightly
wrinkled, date-brown, fuscous-brackish ; stem firm, tough,
rooted, even, becoming fuscous ; gills ventricose, thick,
distant, connected by veins, hoary, somewhat free.
In mixed woods, on trunks. Glamis. Odour at length
nauseous.
295. A. (Mycena) psammicola, B. and Br.; pileus \ in.,
brown, becoming paler at margin, hygrophanous, somewhat
hemispherical, sprinkled with minute particles ; margin
striate ; stem solid, firm, rooting, umber downwards, white
upwards, wholly white-pulverulent ; gills shortly aduate,
sinuate behind.
On a sandbank among moss. Addington. Odour strong.
296. A. (Mycena) rugosus, Fr. ; pileus cinereous,
becoming pale, tough, slightly fleshy at disc, mem-
branaceous, campauulate, then expanded, plane, corrugated,
dry, striate at circumference ; stem short, cartilaginous,
fistulose, rigid, tough, straight, at length compressed,
smooth, pallid with a short, strigose root ; gills arcuato-
adnate, with a decurrent tooth, united behind in a collar,
somewhat distant, connected by veins, broad, ventricose,
white then grey, edge entire or serrulated.
5« OUTLINES OF UKITISII FUXGOLOGY.
Oa and near trunks and stumps. Common. Eppiug
Forest. Inodorous.
297. A. (Mycena) sixdorus, Fr. ; pileus 1 in., diaphanous,
somewhat membranaceous, convex, umljonate, often
irregular, striate, viscous ; stem firm, rooting even, dry,
rather smooth ; gills obtusely adnate, without a tooth, broad,
thick, somewhat distant, white, then somewhat flesh colour.
On old stumps. Haywood Forest. Commonly solitary.
298. A. (Mycena) galericulatns, Scop. (p. 121); 1-2 in.
Epping Forest.
Var. calopus ; stems chestnut colour, united at the base
into a fusiform common stem.
On stumps.
299. A. (Mycena) polygrammiis, JluJI. (p. 124) ; 1 in.
Epping Forest.
300. A. (Mycena) parabolicuSjjFr. (p. 124). Epping Forest.
30 1. A. (Mycena) tintinnabulum, Fr. ; gregarious or
csespitose ; pileus 1 iu., date-brown, azure-blue, pale
yellowish-fuscous, becoming pale, somewhat membra-
naceous, tough, campanulato - convex, plane, scarcely
umbonatc, even, somewhat viscid when moist ; stem even,
smooth, pallid, tough, white-strigose at base ; gills adnate,
decurrent with a tooth, horizontal, thin, crowded, becoming
pale and at length slightly inclining to flesh colour.
On fallen beech trunks. Glamis. Epping Forest.
302. A. (Mycena) codoniceps, Cke. : minute, t' aiiiv
pileus campanulate, scarcely expanding, sulcate, sprinkled
with somewhat erect short hairs, wholly umber, stem
attenuated downwards, umber below, whitish above, slender ;
gills adnate, linear, not crowded, white.
On tree-fern stems.
303. A. (Mycena) fiavipes, Quel. ; pileus mem-
AGAEICINI. 59
branaceous, striate, diaphanous, smooth, violet or purplish
pink, disc brownish ; stem tough, shining, pellucid yellow,
villous at base ; gills uncinate, adnate, connected by veins,
distant, white, then rosy flesh-colour.
On stumps. Whitby, Yorks. Radish scented.
IV. Fragilipedes. — Stem frfujile.
304. A. (Mycena) atro-albus, Bolt. (p. 124) ; 1 in.
305. A. (Mycena) dissiliens, Fr. (p. 125).
306. A. (Mycena) atro-eyaneus, Batsch ; pileus i in.,
fuscous, then azure-blue-grey, membranaceous, campanu-
lato-convex, at length flattened, gibbous, umbo fuscous-
blackish, somewhat wrinkled, angular and obtuse, deeply
sulcate, sprinkled with white powder; stem fistulose, fili-
form, slightly attenuated, equal, rigid, fragile, smooth, dark
blue-black, base bulbous ; gills joined in a collar, attenuato-
adnate, ventricose, distinct, distant, white.
In fir woods. Ascot.
307. A. (Mycena) pullatus, B. and Cke. ; pileus
f in., dark brown with a tinge of purple, disc almost black,
membranaceous, campanulate, obtusely umbonate, sulcato-
striate to the middle ; stem fistulose, thickened downwards,
same colour, white floccose at base, sometimes rooting ; gills
adnexed, broad, white.
On the ground, among dead leaves. Epping Forest.
308. A. (Mycena) pauperculiis, Berk. (p. 125) ; -^ in.
309. A. (Mycena) leptocepliaUis, P. ; pileus cinereous,
somewhat membranaceous, campanulato-expanded, repand,
umbonate, sulcate, pruinose, opaque ; stem equal, slightly
striate, opaque, dry ; gills emarginate, white-cinereous.
On trunks and on the ground. Laxton Park, Northants.
Epping Forest. vStrong odour of nitre.
60 UL'TLLNES OF HHITISII FUNGOLOGY.
310. A. (Mycena) alkalinus, Fr. (p. 125) ; 1-2 in.
Epping Forest.
311. A. (Mycena) ammoniacus, Fr. ; pileus fuscous-
blackish at the tlisCj paler at the striate margin, varying
cinereous, somewhat membranaceous, at first acutely conical,
papillate, then campanulate, naked, discoid, opaque ; stem
rooting, firm, polished, dry, equal, whitish, strigose at base ;
gills adnate, linear, distant, whitish or grey, whitish towards
apex.
On the ground, among grass. Frequent. Epping Forest.
Strong odour of ammonia.
312. A. (Mycena) metatus, Fr. ; gregarious; pileus ^in.,
hygrophanous, cinereous, flesh-coloured, livid, then whitish,
somewhat membranaceous, bemispherico-campanulate, ob-
tuse, soft, slightly striate, then plane, somewhat silky under
a lens ; stem soft-flaccid, even, smooth, whitish-cinereous,
fibrillose at base ; gills adnate, linear, distant, whitish.
In mixed wood, among grass. Glamis. Epping Forest.
Odour weakly alkaline.
313. A. (Mycena) plicosus, Fr. ; pileus 1 iu., fuscous-
cinereous, opaque when dry, membranaceous, fragile, cam-
panulate, then expanded, with a slightly fleshy, broad obtuse
umbo, deeply lineato-sulcate, almost plicose, often split ;
stem slightly firm, fragile, tense and straight, equal, smooth,
grey, becoming fuscous, blunt, white-villous at base ; gills
adnate, thick, distant, connected by veins, at length whitish
pruinosc.
On the ground, in wood. Rare. Killin.
314. A. (Mycena) peltatus, Fr. ; growing in crowded
troops ; pileus f in., black-fuscous, then grey, convex, then
plane, blackish striate, margin upturned, disc slightly fleshy,
orbicular, even, plane, slightly unibilicate ; stem equal.
AGAEICINI. 61
rigid, somewhat fragile, often flexuose, even, smooth, naked,
livid ; gills adnate, with a small decurrent tooth, at first
crowded, ventricose, at length somewhat distant, grey, paler
towards edge.
In woods, among moss. Altyre. Rare.
315. A. (Mycena) aetites, Fr. ; growing in troops ;
pileus ^ in., fuscous-grey, becoming pale, membranaceous,
campanulate, then convex with a broad obtuse, prominent
umbo, sulcate, smooth, margin black ; stem usually fistulose,
often compressed, fragile, smooth, shining, whitish-fuscous ;
gills adnate, somewhat uncinate, slightly arcuate, thin, at
first cohering in the form of a collar, reticulated with veins,
somewhat distant, white or grey.
In woods. Ascot. Odour bitterish or obsolete.
316. A. (Mycena) stanneus, Fr. ; pileus 1^ in., hygro-
phanous, grey, then tin colour, silky glistening, smooth,
membranaceous, campanulate, then flattened, fragile, often
rimose, striate, smooth; stem fistulose, slightly rigid, even,
shining, smooth, becoming pale; gills adnate, with a small
decurrent tooth, connected by veins, whitish-grey.
In woods, among grass. Cabalva.
317. A. (Mycena) vitreus, Fr. ; growing in troops;
pileus 1 in., opaque, fuscous, then livid or bluish-grey, mem-
branaceous, campanulate, obtuse, lineato-striate, smooth,
dry, margin entire ; stem fistulose, equal, smooth, glistening,
striate under a lens ; fibrillose at base ; gills adnate, linear,
thin, somewhat distant, whitish, edge same colour.
In woods. Uncommon.
318. A. (Mycena) tenuis (p. 125) ; h in. Epping Forest.
V. FiLiPEDES. — Stem thread-like.
319. A. (Mycena) filopes, Bull. ; k in. Epping Forest.
62 OUTLINES OF lUtlTLSII FUXGOLOGY.
320. A. (Mycena) amietus, Fr. ; gregarious, pileus \-h in.,
greeu, bluish-grey, livid, membrauaceous, couico-cam-
panulate, scarcely umbouate, slightly pellucid-striate to
middle, then pruinate ; stem thinly fistulose, equal, flexile,
wholly villous-pulverulent, livid, the long tortuous rooting
stem almost smooth ; gills free, or reaching the stem, linear,
crowded, narrow, grey, edge paler.
Among leaves. Glamis. Epping Forest,
321. A. (Mycena) debilis, Fr. ; pileus \ in., whitish-
livid or flesh colour, then fuscous, membranaceous, cam-
panulate then convex, obtuse, striate, then even ; stem
slightly fistulose, weak and lax, same colour as pileus,
fibrillose at base ; gills broadly adnate, rather broad, some-
what distant, whitish, edge same colour.
In chestnut wood. Wrothara, Kent.
322. A. (Mycena) vitilis, Fr. (p. 126) ; I in. Epping
Forest.
323. A. (Mycena) coUariatus, Fr. ; pileus \ in., fuscous,
pale, grey- whitish, pale pink, fuscous at disc, membranaceous,
campanulate, then convex, somewhat umbonate, striate,
rigid, smooth ; stem fistulose, tough, dry, smooth, even
then pale, striate under a lens ; gills adnate, joined in the
form of a collar behind, thin, crowded, hoary- whitish, or
obsoletely flesh-coloured.
In wood. Among oak bark. Glamis.
324. A. (Mycena) speireus, Fr. (p. 126) ; \ in.
325. A. (Mycena) tenellus, Fr. (p. 126) ; \ in.
326. A. (Mycena) acicula, Sc//ceff. (p. 127) ; j- in.
VI. Lactipedes. — Stem and yills inilky.
327. A. (Mycena) hsematopus, P. ; csespitose ; pileus
1 in., white-flesh-colour, fleshy-membranaceous, slightly
AGAEICINI. 68
fleshy at disc, conical then campanulate, obtusCj convex^
spuriously umbonate^ naked, even, striate at the denticulate
margin ; stem fistulose, rigid, pulverulent with whitish,
delicate, villous down, sometimes plane ; gills adnate, often
with small decurrent tooth, whitish.
On stumps. Frequent. Epping Forest. Abounding
with dark blood-coloured juice.
328. A. (Mycena) cruentus, Fr. (p. 127) ; i in.
329. A. (Mycena) sanguinolentus, A. and S. (p. 127) ;
^ in. Epping Forest.
330. A. (Mycena) crocatus, Fr. (p. 127) ; A-1 in.
331. A. (Mycena) ehelidonius, Fr. (p. 127) ; ^-1 in.
332. A. (Mycena) galopus, Fr. (p. 128) ; h in. Epping
Forest.
333. A. (Mycena) leucogalus, Cke. ; pileus i in., purple-
brown, paler at margin, black at umbo, membranaceous,
campanulate, umbonate, sulcate to middle ; stem fistulose,
slender, a little thickened downwards, same colour as pileus,
base tomentose ; gills adnate, with a small decurrent tooth,
rather distant, connected by veins, cinereous.
On rotten stump. Kew. Epping Forest. INIilk white,
plentiful.
VII. Glutinipedes. — fStem ylutinous.
334. A. (Mycena) epipterygius, Scoji. ; l-l in. Epping
Forest.
335. A. (Mycena) clavicularis, F;\ ; pileus i in., whitish,
light yellowish, then fuscous, membranaceous, couvexo-
expanded, striate, dry, without a pellicle, depressed at disc :
stem fistulose, tough, even, smooth, whitish, fibrillose at
base ; gills adnate, somewhat decurrent, often connected bv
veins, whitish.
64 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNCOLOGY.
On grassy ground in fir woods, (jlarais. Epping
Forest.
336. A. (Mycena) pelliculosus, Fr. (p. 128) ; ^1 in.
337. A. (Mycena) vulgaris, P. (p. 128) ; i in.
338. A. (Mycena) eitrinellus, P. ; gregarious ; pileus
^ m., lemon -yellow, darker at disc, becoming pale, mem-
branaceous, campanulate, then hemispherical and flattened,
striate; stem fistulose, filiform, smooth, lemon-yellow,
villous at base ; gills uncinate, alternate, distant, moderately
broad, shining white.
In pine woods. Uncommon.
339. A. (Mycena) plicato-crenatus, Fr. ; pileus ^ in,,
white then light yellow, very thin, conical, somewhat
umbonate, sulcato-plicate and crenate without a separable
pellicle ; stem filiform, pallid reddish, internally light yellow,
smooth ; gills ascending, narrow, attenuated behind, adnate,
with a snuall decurrent tooth, distant white.
Among heath. Coed Coch.
340. A. (Mycena) roridus, Fr. ; \ iii. Popping Forest.
VIII. Basipedes. — Stem dilated into a 'disc or swollen into a
minute bulb at base.
341. A. (Mycena) stylobates, P. (p. 129) ; ^ in.
342. A. (Mycena) tenerrimus, B. (p. 129) ; -\jin.
343. A. (Mycena) discopus, Lev. ; shining white ; pileus
conical, obtuse, mealy-pulverulent ; stem very tender, mealy
pulverulent, with a small hairy bulb ; gills adnate, few, very
distant, plicose.
On twigs. Very small.
344. A. (Mycena) sacchariferus, B. and Br. ; whitish,
everywhere beset with shining granules ; pileus ^ in.,
hemispherical ; stem long, filiform, fixed at the base by a
AGARICINI. 65
few flonci ; gills arcuato-decurrent 8-9, very distant, rather
thick.
On bramble and nettle stems. Batheaston.
345. A. (Mycena) pterigenus, Fi\ (p. 129); \ in.
IX. Insiteti.e. — Grouniiy upon other plants ; without root,
tubercle or flocci at base.
346. A. (Mycena) corticola, Schum. (p. 129) ; J in.
347. A. (Mycena) hiemalis, Osbeck : pileus thin, cam-
panulate, obsoletely umbonate, striate at margin ; stem
ascending, slightly downy towards base, gills adnate, unci-
nate, narrow, linear, whitish.
On trunks. Oak, etc. Rare.
348. A. (Mycena) setosus. Sow. (p. 130) ; yV i"-
349. A. (Mycena) capillaris, Schum. (p. 130) ; -'t in.
Epping Forest.
350. A. (Mycena) juncicola, Fr. (p. 130) ; Vt ^^•
Subgenus 11. Ompiialia (p. 131).
I. CoLLYBiARii. — Pileus at first dilated, margin inflexed.
* Hydrogrammi. — (rills narroio, crowded, arcuate.
351. A. (Omphalia) hydrogrammus, Fr. ; somewhat
csespitose ; of one colour, livid or whitish-livid, then whitish ;
pileus 2 in., somewhat membranaceous, flaccid, umbilicate,
hygrophanous, border spreading, undulated, striate ; stem
cartilaginous, hollow, smooth, rooted, hairy white at base,
short or elongated, often decumbent and compressed, livid,
naked at apex ; gills decurrent, crowded, narrow, arcuate,
«ntire, unequal, livid whitish.
Among dead leaves. Coed Coch. Epping Forest,
352. A. (Omphalia) umbilicatus, Schaff. ; somewhat
E
66 OUTLINES OF RHITISH ITXGOI^OnV.
csespitose; pileus 1 in., livid, disc fuscous, thin, whitish,
somewhat membranaceous, umbilicate, convexo-plane, even,
smooth ; stem cartilaginous, fistulose, equal, flexuose, some-
what rooted, cohering with villous down at base, even,
silky-striate with white fibrils at apex ; gills decurreut,
crowded, thin, unequal, whitish.
In woods among moss. Perth.
353. A. (Omphalia) maurus, Fr. ; pileus 1 in., fuli-
ginous, then livid, somewhat membranaceous, convex,
umbilicate, smooth, hygrophanous, striate, then even, silky-
shining; stem cartilaginous, somewhat horny, rigid, fragile,
flocculoso-stuffed, smooth, fuliginous blackish ; gills attenu-
ated at both ends, decurrent, arcuate, crowded, white.
On lawns and in moist places. Coed Coch.
354. A. (Omphalia) offuciatus, Fr. : pileus 1 in., dark,
then pale flesh colour, pale, whitish, slightly fleshy, theu
piano-depressed, even, smooth, hygrophanous ; stem cartila-
ginous, fistulose, equal, round, then compressed, smooth,
reddish, obsoletely pruinate at apex ; gills decurrent, plane,
straight, crowded, narrow, same colour as pileus.
Under beech, etc. Coed Coch.
** Pyxidati. — Gills sliyJdlij distant, narroic.
355. A. (Omphalia) chrysophyllus, Fr. ; pileus 1-2 in.,
hygrophanous, yellow-fuscous, then tan hoary, or whitish,
somewhat membranaceous, flaccid, deeply umbilicate, border
somewhat reflexed, floccoso-squamulose; stem tough, fistulose,
equal, smooth, somewhat rooted, yellow ; gills decurrent,
distant, broad, yellow.
On pine chips and rotten pine wood. On pine sawdust.
Glamis.
AGARICINI. 67
35G. A. (Omphalia) Postii, Fr. ; pileus 1-2 in., bright
orange, membranaceous, urabilicate, smooth, convex, striate
towards margin ; stem fistulose, equal, tense, straight,
smooth, becoming light yellovr ; gills decurrent, linear,
arcuate, whitish.
In swampy places. On charcoal beds. Downtou.
357. A. (Omphalia) pyxidatus, Bull. (p. 130) ; 1 in.
Epping Forest.
358. A. (Omphalia) leucophyllus, Fr. ; pileus 1 in.,
dark cinereous, somewhat membranaceous, infinidibuliform,
even, not floccose, reflexed, margin involute ; stem stuffed,
then fistulose, slightly rigid, equal, smooth, cinereous ; gills
decurrent, slightly distant, arcuate, shining white.
Among short grass. Coed Coch.
359. A. (Omphalia) strisepileus, Fr. ; pileus 1 in.,
hygrophanous, livid fuscous, then pale-white, somewhat
membranaceous, convex, then flattened, umbilicate, striate,
smooth, even ; stem fistulose, firm, equal, often flexuose,
slightly tough, even, smooth, becoming fuscous ; gills decur-
rent, somewhat crowded, whitish.
Among moss and leaves. Among grass in mixed wood,
Glamis.
360. A. (Omphalia) telmatiseus, B. and Cke. ; pileus
f in., hygrophanous, brown, then mouse-coloured, infundi-
buliform, minutely virgate ; stem compressed, tomentose at
base ; gills distant, decurrent.
On Sphagnum. Aboyne.
361. A. (Omphalia) sphagnicola, B. (p. 131); 1-1 ^ in.
362. A. (Omphalia) philonitis, Lasch ; pileus |-| in.,
cinereous-fuliginous, membranaceous, deeply infundibuli-
form, margin erect, without striae, hygrophanous, then
floccose ; stem fistulose, equal, smooth, floccose at base ; gills
68
OUTLINES OF HKITISH FUNGOLOGV.
decurrent, somewhat distant, narrow lanceolate, white, then
smoky.
On Sphaynuin. Glamis,
363. A. (Omphalia) oniscus, Fr. (p. 131) ; 1 in. Epping
Forest.
364. A. (Omphalia) caespitosus, Bolt. : pileus i-1 in.,
hygrophauous, yellowish-white, then opaque-white, some-
what membranaceous, convex, hemispherical, umbilicate,
margin crenate, sulcate nearly to centre, otherwise smooth ;
stem curved, fistulose, somewhat bulbous; gills distant,
triangular, decurrent, whitish.
On peat and sandy heaths. King's Lynn.
365. A. (Omphalia) glaucophyllus, Lasch ; pileus \ in.,
mouse-colour, hygrophanous, then pale, membranaceous,
infundibuliform, plicato-striate, becoming even when dry ;
stem stuffed, firm ; gills decurrent, somewhat distant,
lanceolate, olivaceous.
On the ground in woods. King's Lynn.
366. A. (Omphalia) rusticus, Fr. ; pileus h in., fuscous
then grey, smooth or slightly silky and hoary, membra-
naceous, umbilicate, convex and striate, then even ; stem
stuffed, curt, equal, smooth, fuscous, then grey, slightly
villous at base; gills decurrent, thick, somewhat distant,
grey, arcuate.
Grass avenue in wood. Coed Coch.
*** Umisellifeui. — Gills very distant, broad, often thick.
367. A. (Omphalia) demissus, Fr. ; =A. rufulus, B. and
Br. (p. 132) ; pileus \ in., fuscous rufescent, somewhat
membranaceous, convex then expanded, obtuse, at length
umbilicate, striate then even and smooth, or obsolctely
pruinose ; stem somewhat cartilaginous, stuft'ed, equal.
AGARICINI. 69
shining^ liver-rufescent ; gills adnate, decurrent, broad
behind^ somewhat triangular, distant, becoming purple.
In waste places. Resembling a small A. laccatns.
Epping Forest.
368. A. (Omphalia) hepaticus, iJa^^cA (p. 131) ; 4-14 in.
369. A. (Omphalia) muralis, Soiv. (p. 131) ; ^1 in.
370. A. (Omphalia) umbelliferus, L. (p. 132) ; h in.
Var. abieguus, B. and Br. ; pale yellow.
On decayed fir stumps and on the naked ground.
Var. viridis, Fl. Dan. ; wholly of a dull green colour.
371. A. (Omphalia) infumatus, B. and Br. ; pileus ^in.,
green then smoky, obtuse, not membranaceous ; stem thin,
yellow, dilated at base, tomentose, especially below ; gills
decurrent, few, broad, distant, yellow.
On bark among moss. Garthewin.
372. A. (Omphalia) retostus, Fr. ; pileus k in., umber,
slightly fleshy, piano-depressed, even, then polished, margin
convex, involute ; flesh same colour ; stem curt, fistulose,
tough, equal, smooth, paler than pileus ; gills slightly
decurrent, distant, pallid, umber.
On lawns and amongst dead leaves. Coed Coch.
373. A. (Omphalia) abhorrens, B. and Br. ; pileus
fuscous, umbilicate, even ; stem slender, same colour, white
tomentose at base; gills decurrent, distant, thick.
On lawn. Coed Coch. Odour foetid.
374. A. (Omphalia) pseudo-androsaceus, Bull. ; whitish
or grey, pileus fleshy-raembranaceous, convex, deeply
umbilicate, at length infundibuliform, smooth, striato-
plicate ; margin crenulate ; stem stuficd, slender ; gills
decurrent, distant.
Among moss on lawn. Coed Coch. Epping Forest.
375. A. (Omphalia) griseo-pallidus, Desm. ; pileus ^ in.,
70 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY.
fuscous-grey, then hoary, slightly fleshy, convex then plane,
umbilicate, even, smooth, slightly shining, hygroi)hanoiis,
unequal and excentric, margin deflexed ; stem stuffed,
slightly firm, equal, smooth, fuscous ; gills decurrent, dis-
tant, thick, same colour as pileus, or darker.
On the ground. King's Lynn.
37(5. A. (Omphalia) stellatus, Sow. (p. 132) ; ^ in.
II. Mycenarii. — Pileus at first camimnulate, margin straijld,
pressed to the stem.
* Campanell^. — Gills broad, j^erfect, unequul.
377. A. (Omphalia) campanella, Batsch (p. 133) ; \ in.
378. A. (Omphalia) pictus, Fr. ; pileus j in., higher
than broad, fuscous, the umbilicate disc light yellow, the
sides striate, margin paler, membranaceous ; stem almost
filiform, horny, rigid, stuff'ed, smooth, date-brown with a
small radiating-membranous base, slightly thickened up-
wards ; gills adnate, somewhat decurrent, higher than
broad, distant, whitish, then light yellow.
On wood, chips, etc. In mixed wood. Killin.
379. A. (Omphalia) camptophyllus, B. (p. 133) ; \ iu.
380. A. (Omphalia) umbratilis, Fr. ; gregarious ; pileus
1 in., shining black-fuscous, then hoary, membranaceous,
obtusely campanulate, then convex and umbilicate, smooth,
margin striate ; stem tough, tubular, flocculoso-stuff'ed,
equal, smooth, fuscous dead-black ; gills adnato-decurrent,
arcuate, crowded, broad, becoming fuscous-white.
In damp places. On the ground, among grass.
381. A. (Omphalia) griseus, Fr. (p. 133) ; h in.
382. A. (Omphalia) fibula, Bull. : \ in.
AGAKICIXI. 71
Va)\ Swartzii, Fr. ; firmer ; pileus at length rather plane,
"whitishj disc fuscous ; stem whitish, somewhat violaceous at
apex.
Il woody places. In groves abounding in springs.
3S3. A. (Omphalia) directus, B. and Br. ; white, very
slender, pileus nail-shaped, plane at apex ; stem long, thread-
like, slightly rufous, ascending, clothed with long hairs
towairls the base ; gills deeply decurrent.
Oi dead leaves. Chiselhurst. May to November.
38k A. (Omphalia) Bellise, Johns, (p. 134); k in.
38». A. (Omphalia) gracillimus, fVeinm. ; pileus ^ in.,
memlranaceous, hemispherical, sometimes papillate, some-
times umbilicate, tiocculose, then smooth, sulcate at sides ;
stem delicately fistulose, bristle-like, soft, with a floccose
base gills decurrent, thin, somewhat distant, alternate gills
dimidate.
I. marshy ground, on decaying leaves and stems of
vegetables. Rare.
b;6. A. (Omphalia) bullula, Brig. ; very small, scat-
tered wholly shining white ; pileus membranaceous, hemi-
sphercal, diaphanous ; stem very thin, filiform ; gills distant,
arcua:)-decurrent.
Oniead sticks. Coed Coch.
** Integrelli. — (J ills fold-like, narrow.
387. A. (Omphalia) integrellus, P. ; wholly white,
pileus in., membranaceous, conical, soon hemispherical,
frequeily irregular, broad and depressed at disc, striate at
margin stem delicately fistulose, thin, slightly firm, pilose
downwds and adnate, often with a small villous bulb at
base ; gls decurrent, narrow, in the form of folds, distant,
72 OUTLINES OF HltniSII l'TN(;OI.OGV,
commonly disappearing short of margin of pileus, equal or
branched, acute at edge.
In shady places, on decayed sticks, etc. Uncoramoa.
388. A. (Omphalia) buccinalis, Soiv. ; an uncertain
species. Fries says it approaches A. stellatns, but may be
a form of A. umbeUiferus ; B. and Br. say it cannot be
either of these species, but that it has the habit )f A.
j)tychophylh(s^ Cd. ; gills not plicate. — Sow. f. 107.
Not uncommon, according to Sowerby.
389. A. (Omphalia) Nevillse, B. ; pileus ^ in., Irowu,
hemispherical, depressed in centre, rugose, minutely granu-
lated, striate, then pale towards the undotted ma-gin ;
stem brownish, stuffed, white within, rough, with black
granules, dilated and clothed with villous hairs at !)ase ;
gills white, arcuato-decurrent ; interstices and sides veioso-
rugose.
On Sphagnum, in an orchid pot at Dangstein.
Subgenus 12. Pleurotus (p. 134).
I. ExcENTRici. — Pileus latercdly extended, excentric.
* Veil forming a ring.
390. A. (Pleurotus) corticatus, />.; pileus 2-() in. grey,
then whitish, compact, convex, then flattened, horioutal,
entire, when young covered with dense grey dova and
margin involute ; flesh hard, shining, white ; sten solid,
hard, rooted, excentric, curved-ascending, some whal equal,
squamuloso-fibrillose, white ; ring silky-floccose, moerately
thick, white, ruptured in a torn manner, adhering 3 stem
and margin of pileus, at length vanishing; gilli deeply
decurrent, anastomosing behind, dichotomously bnched,
somewhat distant, white or becoming yellow when Id.
On decayed ash, elm, etc. Epping Forest.
AGARICINI. 73^
391. A. (Pleurotus) dryinus, P. (p. 134) ; 2-6 in.
Epping Forest.
392. A. (Pleiirotus) spongiosus, Fr. ; pileus 2-3 in.,
tomentose, with persistent cinereous down, fleshy, excentric,
somewhat lateral, pulvinate ; flesh laxly floccose, white ;
stem short, or almost obsolete, incurved, excentric, white,
tomentose ; ring white, soon torn, appendiculate at margin
of pileus, soon vanishing ; gills sinuato-adnexed, with a
decurrent tooth, simple, separate, crowded, entire, white.
On rotten beech and other trunks. Epping Forest.
** Veil none, gills sinuate en' obtusely adnate.
393. A. (Pleurotus) ulmarius, Bvll. (p. 134) ; 3-5 in.
Epping Forest.
394. A. (Pleurotus) tessulatus, Bull. ; solitary or csespi-
tose, pileus 3-5 in., becoming pale-livid, often marbled with
spots, fleshy, compact, horizontal, regular, but somewhat
excentric, convex, then plane, disc-shaped, even, smooth ;
flesh white, tough ; stem solid, compact, equal, or attenu-
ated at base, excentric, even, smooth, white ; gills sinuate
behind, uncinato-adnate, thin, crowded, white, becoming
yellow.
On trunks. Coed Coch.
395. A. (Pleurotus) subpalmatus, Fr. (p. 135) ; 2-1 in.
Epping Forest.
396. A. (Pleurotus) craspedius, Fr. ; ca^spitose ; pileus
3-5 in., brick colour, pale tan or cinereous, excentric,
fleshy, thin, almost membranous at margin, flaccid, plane,
even, smooth, moist, without a separable pellicle ; margin
at first involute, elegantly crenato-lobed and fimbriate ;
flesh thin, watery, white when dry ; stem thick, solid, firm,
elastic, internally spongy, generally unequal, pallid, com-
74 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY.
monly smooth or slightly villous at base; gills adnate,
obtuse behind, very thin, crowded, narrow, at length
lacerated, shining white.
On trunks and rotten wood.
.'597. A. (Pleurotus) fimbriatus, Bolt. (p. 135) ; 3 in.
398. A. (Pleurotus) Ruthae, B. and Br.; pileus H in.,
dirty- whitish, fan-shaped, slightly hispid above the gelatin-
ous stratum, the very thin margin striate ; stem short,
lateral, hispid ; gills white, rather broad, acute behind,
anastomosing, with a reddish tinge like that of the stem,
interstices veined; mycelium fibrous.
On sawdust. Coed Coch.
399. A. (Pleurotus) lignatilis, Fr. ; pileus 3-4 in.,
dingy whitish, commonly cxcentric, rarely lateral, often
reniform, iieshy, thin, compact, tough, convex, then plane,
dbtuse and often umbilicate, fiocculoso-pruinate, at length
plane, repand ; margin at first involute, then expanded,
undulato-lobed ; stem stutted, then hollow, thin, unequal,
curved or flexuose, tough, whitish, pruinato-villous, rooting
and some^vhat tomentose at base ; gills adnate, crowded,
narrow, unequal, shining white.
On beech, etc. Burnham Beeches.
400. A. (Pleurotus) circinatus, Fr. ; solitary, wholly
white, not hygrophanous ; pileus 3 in., orbicular, horizontal,
fleshy, tough, convex, then plane, flat, obtuse, even, but
covered over with a shining whitish-silky lustre ; stem
stuffed, elastic, equal, central, or slightly cxcentric, com-
monly straight, smooth, bluntly rooted at base ; gills
adnate, slightly dccurrent, crowded, broad, white.
On rotten wood. Birch. Rare. Odour pleasant.
AGAKICINI. 75
■*** Veil none, yilh deejihj decurrent, stem distinct, somewhat
vertical.
401. A. (Pleurotus) sapidus, iCa/c^. ; c^spitose; pileus
fleshy, somewhat excentric, deformed, smooth, depressed in
centre, white or brownish ; stems solid, connate at base,
smooth, white.
On elm trunks. Isleworth, Kew, Morpeth, etc.
402. A. (Pleiirotus) pantoleucus, Fr. ; wholly white,
often opaque ; pileus 3 in., broad, fleshy, excentric, dimi-
diate, spathulate, and slightly convex, even, smooth, some-
what depressed and marginate behind ; margin equal,
entire ; stem solid, ascending, very excentric, equal or
attenuated downwards, not rooted, even, smooth ; gills
decurrent, somewhat crowded.
On trunks, willow, etc. Coed Coch.
403. A. (Pleurotus) mutilus, Fr. ; wholly white ; pileus
excentric or lateral, slightly fleshy, soft, tough, reniform,
spathulate and depressed behind, somewhat umbilicate,
smooth and silky when dry ; stem erect or ascending,
excentric or somewhat lateral, round, solid, tough, smooth,
except at the villous base ; gills decurrent, somewhat
crowded, narrow, rather thick, simple ; springing from an
efi"used flaxy mycelium.
On dead wood. On grassy open hillside. Penzance.
**** Veil none, gills deeply decurrent, jnleus sessile or extended
behind into a short oblique, stem-like base.
404. A. (Pleurotus) ostreatus, Jactj. (p. 135) ; 3-5 in.
Epping Forest.
Var. glandulosus ; gills broad, glandular, white, anas-
tomosing behind.
76 OUTLINES OF BKITISH FUNGOLOGV.
Far. colnmbinus, Bres. ; pileus fleshy, irregular, sub-
rotund, margin involute, plano-convex, gibbous, then
umbilicate; margin pigeon-colour-blue, centre rather tlesh-
colour, becoming yellowish, smooth, umbo or umbilicus
whitish, pilose ; stem excentric, lateral, strigose, variable
in length ; Hesh white ; gills crowded, broad, attenuato-
decurrent, anastomosing behind, glaucous, edge entire, or
delicately fimbriate under a lens.
On stumps. Kew.
405. A. (Pleurotus) euosmus, B. (p. 135) ; 3 in. Epping
Forest.
406. A. (Pleurotus) revolutus, Kickx, ; pileus at first
smoky, then lead- or mouse-colour, darker in the centre,
fleshy, firm, elastic, convexo-plane, smooth, slightly shining,
depressed behind, margin incurved ; stem curt, thick,
smooth or pubescent ; gills decurrent, serrulated, white.
407. A. (Pleurotus) salignus, All), and Sch. (p. 136) ;
2-3 in.
408. A. (Pleurotus) acerinus, Fr. ; shining white ; pi-
leus 1-4 in., fleshy, tough, thin, unequal, silky-villous, not
hygrophanous ; stem somewhat lateral, thin or obsolete,
villous ; gills decurrent, very crowded, thin, white, then
becoming yellow.
On plane and ash. Epping Forest.
II. Dlmidiati. — Pileus lateral, immarginate behind, vol at
first resujiinate.
409. A. (Pleurotus) petaloides, Bull. (p. 136) ; 1-2 in.
Epping Forest.
410. A. (Pleurotus) pulmonarius, Fr. ; pileus 2-3 in.,
cinereous, then cinereous-tan, continuous with stem, fieshy,
AGAKICINI. '77
soft, tough, flaccid, obovate, or reniform, plane or reflexo-
conchate at margin, even, smooth ; flesh thin, soft, white ;
stem very short, solid, lateral, horizontal, or ascending,
round, villous, expanded into pileus ; gills decurrent,
moderately broad, not branched or anastomosing, livid or
cinereous.
On trunks. Aberdeen Fungus Show. 1874.
411. A. (Plevirotus) serotinus, Schrad. (p. 136); ^-3 in.
412. A. (Pleurotus) mitis, P. (p. 136) ; \ in. Epping
Forest.
413. A. (Pleiirotus) gadinoides, Sni. ; whole plant
white ; pileus rather fleshy, tender, dimidiate, clothed with
fine adpressed flocci, hygrophanous, with no gelatinous
upper stratum ; stem small, lateral or none ; gills some-
what crowded, slightly branched.
On tree-fern stems. Chelsea.
414. A. (Pleuxotus) limpidus, Fr. ; pileus 1 in., hyaline-
white, then shining-white, slightly fleshy, obovate or reni-
form, horizontal, even, smooth, hygrophanous, without a
viscous pellicle, margin thin, shortly inflexed ; no separate
stem, but the pileus narrowed behind into a stem-like base ;
gills thin, crowded, decurrent at base, white.
On trunks ; on old ash stump. Epping Forest, Pen-
zance, etc.
415. A. (Pleurotus) reniformis, Fr. ; pileus ^ in., cine-
reous, slightly fleshy, horizontal, reniform, plane, emargi-
nate behind, margin entire ; flesh very thin, somewhat
gelatinous, diaphanous ; stem a very short villous rudi-
ment ; gills thin, linear, grey.
On branches ; silver fir, etc. Glarais.
416. A. (Pleurotus) lauro-eerasi, B. and Br.; pileus
78 OUTLINES OF BRITISH KUXGOLOGY.
1 in., brown, oyster-shaped, sulcate, cuticle ver}- thiu, giving
way at the furrows and exposing flesh of pileus ; stem
obsolete ; gills connected by veins.
On the naked trunk of a laurel. Coed Coch.
417. A. (Pleurotus) tremulus, Schoiff. (p. 137) ; h in.
418. A. (Pleurotus) acerosus, Fr. (p. 137) : -^ in.
Epping Forest.
III. Resupinati. — Pileus at first resupinate, loith the gills meeting
at an excentric poiiit, then re/lexed, sessile.
* Pileus fleshy uniform.
419. A. (Pleurotus) porrigens, P. (p. 137); 1—4 in.
420. A. (Pleurotus) septicus, Fr. (p. 137) ; h in.
Epping Forest.
** Pileus fleshy, striate, loith an upper gelatinous stratum,
or viscous pellicle.
421. A. (Pleurotus) mastrueatus, Fr. (p. 138) ; 1-4 in.
Epping Forest.
422. A. (Pleurotus) atro-cseruleus, Fr. p. 138) ; 1-2 in.
423. A. (Pleurotus) Leightoni, B. (p. 138) ; i in.
424. A. (Pleurotus) algidus, Fr. (p. 138) ; 1-2 in.
425. A. (Pleurotus) fluxilis, Fr. ; pileus 1 in. ; some-
what umber, thin, dimidiate, horizontal, plane, reniform,
covered with a fluid gelatinous stratum which is not covered
with a cuticle ; flesh proper very thin, pallid, soft ; gills
rounded behind, linear, distant, whitish, a few reaching the
base, many shorter ones.
426. A. (Pleurotus) cyphellaeformis, 5. (p. 138); ^in.
427. A. (Pleurotus) applicatus, Batsch (p. 139); k iu-
AGARICINI. 79
*** Pileiis memhmndceous, not viscid.
428. A. (Pleurotus) Hobsoni, B. (p. 138) ; ^ in.
429. A. (Pleurotus) striatulus, Fr. (p. ]38) ; \ in.
430. A. (Pleurotus) hypnophilus, B. (p. 138).
431. A. (Pleurotus) chioneus, P. (p. 138) ; ^in. Epping
Forest.
Series 2. Hyporhodii. — Spuirs niHi/^ ruhiginoKs, or salmon-
colour.
Subgenus 13. Volvaria (p. 131)). — Volvaria corresponds with
Amanita ; the spores rosy, not white.
* Pilens dr>/, silh/ or fihrillose.
432. A. (Volvaria) bombycinus, Schceff. (p. 139) ;
3-8 in.
433. A. (Volvaria) volvaeeus, B7(/l. (p. 139) ; 3 in.
434. A. (Volvaria) Loveianus, B. (p. 140) ; ^-24 in.
435. A. (Volvaria) Taylori, B. (p. 140) ; 1| in.
436. A. (Volvaria) temperatus, Z^. a/?// 5r. ; pileus 1^ in.,
convex^ umbonate, pulverulent, striate ; stem slender, pel-
lucid ; volva ample.
On soil in a greenhouse. Sibbertoft.
** Pileus more or less viscous and smooth.
437. A. (Volvaria) speciosus, Fr. (p. 141) ; 3-5 in.
438. A. (Volvaria) gloiocephalus, Dec. Ft. ; pileus 3 in.,
fuliginous, mouse-grey, fleshy, cauipanulate, then expanded,
umbonate, smooth, glutinous, striate at margin ; stem
solid, smooth, becoming fuscous or tawny ; volva circularly
split, pressed close, fragments sometimes seen on the pileus ;
gills free, reddish.
On the ground, uncommon. Odour strong and unplea-
sant. Very poisonous according to Letellier.
^0 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUXGOLOGY.
439. A. (Volvaria) medius, Schiu/i. ; pileus 1-1^ in.,
slightly fleshy, con vexo- plane, obtuse, viscous, silky when
dry ; margin even, smooth ; stem solid, equal, smooth ;
■volva lobed, sheathing ; gills free, rosy flesh-colour.
On the ground, lapping Forest.
440. A. (Volvaria) parvulus, Weinm.
= A. (Volvaria) pusillus, Fr. (p. 140) ; gregarious ;
pileus .V-1 in., whitish, umbo darker, slightly fleshy, conical,
then campanulate, at length plane and umbonate, at first
viscid, soon dry, silky ; stem somewhat fistulose, equal,
silky, villous at base, white ; gills free, flesh-coloured.
In pastures, soil in gardens, etc. Frequent.
■{Subgenus 14. Annularia. — Annularia corresponds with Lepiota,
the spores rosy, not white. Annulate, but destitute of a
volva, gills free, hymenophore distinct from the stem.
Chamseota, Sm. ; in Jour. Botany, 1870.
No British species.
Subgenus lA. Pluteus (p. 141). — Pluteus corresponds with
Hiatula ; the spoi'es rosy, not white.
* (Juticle of pileus separating intojihrils or flood.
441. A. (Pluteus) cervinus, Schceff. (p. 141) ; 3 in.
Epping Forest.
Var. eximius. Sin. ; pileus even, covered with a viscid
separable cuticle, umber, becoming reddish, stem fibrillose,
iit length blackish.
On sawdust.
Var. patricius, Sr/m/z : pileus whitish, then smoky-grey,
furnished with umber or cinnamon scales, at length smooth,
silky, shining, and cracked in a radiate manner ; stem even,
white.
AGARICINI. 81
On oak trunks.
Far. petasatus, Fr. (p. 141); 5-6 in.
Var. Bullii_, B. ; pileus even, pallid^, darker at the disc,
convex then expanded^ smooth ; stem thick, solid, brown,
slightly swollen at the base, fibrillose, white and silky
above; gills broad, rounded behind, free, flesh colour.
On rotten wood.
442. A. (Pluteus) umbrinus, -Fr. (p. 141). Epping Forest.
= A. umbrosus. P.; pileus umber ; stem villoso-squamose ;
gills fuliginous.
443. A. (Pluteus) ephebeus, Fr. ; pileus 1-2 in., fleshy,
convex then flat, obtuse, clad with a bluish tomentum,
margin naked; stem stufled, smooth, often curved and turn-
ing bluish, minutely striate; gills free, yellowish, then
flesh-colour.
On rotten wood.
444. A. (Pluteus) salicinus, P. ,- pilevis 1 in., bluish-grey,
then cinereous, slightly fleshy, convex, then plane, some-
what umbonate, smooth, but flocculoso-rugulose and darker
at the disc; stem stufi'ed, equal, fibrillose, fragile, white azure-
blue, or sometimes becoming green ; gills free, rose colour.
In the interior of a hollow willow. South Wootton.
445. A. (Pluteus) hispidulus, Fr. ; pileus h in., grey,
slightly fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, everywhere
silky or slightly pilose, even, dry, at length slightly striate
at margin ; stem fistulose, equal, curved, round, fragile,
smooth, silvery ; gills free, flesh colour.
On beech stumps. Stapletou Park.
446. A. (Pluteus) pellitus, Fr. ; white ; pileus 2 in.,
rather fleshy, convex, then plane, even, dry, silky ; stem
stuffed, smooth, even, shining ; gills flesh-coloured.
On and about trunks.
P
82 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY.
** Pileus prutnaie, somewhat pulverulent.
44!7. A. (Pluteus) nanus, P. (p. Ml) ; 1 in. Epping
Forest.
Va?'. lutescens ; stem, and often the gills, yellow.
On trunks.
448. A. (Pluteus) spilopus, B. and Br. ; pileus brown,
rugulose ; stem fiexuose, black-dotted.
On stumps. Batheaston. Dwarf, allied to A. nanus.
449. A. (Pluteus) semibulbosus, Fr. ; pileus \ in., rather
fleshy, hemispherical, atomate, soft, sulcate, white ; stem
fistulose, pubescent, inflated in a bullate manner at base ;
gills free, whitish, then flesh colour.
On wood.
*** Pileus 'naked, smooth.
450. A. (Pluteus) violarius, Mass. ; gregarious ; pileus
2— IJ in., hemispherical, then nearly plane, velvety, even,
watery, dark purple, disc darker, margin undulate ; flesh
thick, grey ; stem tliickest at base, pale umber, whitish
above, silky, fistulose, sprinkled below with delicate black
fibrils ; gills crowded, margin serrulate, whitish, then
somewhat bright flesh colour.
On a stump. Odour none, taste pleasant. Stains paper
violet.
451. A. (Pluteus) roseo-albus, Fr.; pileus 3 in., rather
fleshy, convex, then expanded, smooth, rosy, margin naked ;
stem solid, attenuated, white-pruinose ; gills free, rather
distant, flesh coloured.
On elm trunk. Burghill Court. Herefordshire.
452. A. (Pluteus) leoninus, Schaff. (p. 142); U-3 in.
453. A. (Pluteus) chrysophseus, Schceff. (p. 142) ; 2 in.
AGARICINI. 83
454. A. (Pluteus) phlebophorus, Dittm. (p. 142) ; 1 in.
Var. reticulatus, Cke. ; pileus salmon -colour, reticulated
with elevated anastomosing ribs, forming deep, hexagonal
pits ; margin incurved ; stem short, curved.
On stumps.
Subgenus 16. Entoloma (p. 142). — Entoloma corresponds
with Tricholoma, spores rosy not white.
I. Genuini. — Typiccd species.
Pileus fleshy, smooth, often viscid, not hygrophanous (W innato-
floccose or squamulose.
455. A. (Entoloma) sinuatus, Fr. ; gregarious ; pileus
6 in., becoming yellow-white, fleshy, convex, then expanded,
at first gibbous, then depressed, repand and sinuate at mar-
gin; stem solid, firm, stout, equal, compact, at first fibril-
lose, then smooth, naked, shining, white ; gills emarginate,
adnexed, broad, crowded, pale yellowish-rufescent.
In mixed woods. Odour strong, like burnt sugar.
Poisonous. Epping Forest.
456. A. (Entoloma) lividus, Bull. ; pileus 4 in., livid-
tan, becoming pale, fleshy, compact at disc, convex, then
plane, gibbous, dry, smooth, longitudinally fibrillose ; stem
somewhat hollow or stuffed, stout, equal, slightly striate,
pruinose at apex, rigid, shining white ; gills rounded, some-
what free, attenuated in front, whitish flesh-colour.
In woods. East Dereham. Epping Forest. Odour mealy.
Poisonous.
Var. roseus, Cke. ; pileus plane, smooth, polished, disc
rosy, margin whitish ; stem attenuated upwards.
On logs.
84 OUTLINES OF imiTISIl FUNGOLOGV.
457. A. (Entoloma) prunuloides, Fr. (p. 143) ; 2 in.
Epping Forest.
458. A. (Entoloma) repandus, Bull. (p. 143) ; 1-2 in.
459. A. (Entoloma) placenta, Batsch (p. 143) ; H in.
460. A. (Entoloma) helodes, F)\ (p. 143) ; 2 in.
461. A. (Entoloma) bulbigenus, B. and Br. ; pileus
campanulate, obtusely umbonate^ rather fleshy, squamoso-
tomentose, pallid, shining-white, fragile; stem long, some-
what bulbous, solid at base, fibrillose, whitish ; gills ci'owded,
slightly adnexed, fleshy-red.
On the ground.
462. A. (Entoloma) Batschianus, Fr. ; pileus i-1^ in.,
dark-fuscous, or fuliginous-black, viscid, shining when dry,
slightly fleshy and convex, at length depressed, smooth,
margin at first involute ; flesh same colour, white when
dry; stem thick, hollow, tough, fibrous, sub-equal, slightly
striate with ad pressed fibrils, grey; gills narrowed behind,
adnexed, plane, at first crowded, then distant, dingy whitish,
then fuliginous.
On the ground. Coed Coch.
463. A. (Entoloma) Bloxami, B. : 1 in.
464. A. (Entoloma) ardosiacus, Bvll. ; lo-2in.
465. A. (Entoloma) liquescens, Cke. ; pileus 2-2i in.,
smooth, even, convex, then plane, broadly umbonate,
yellowish-ochre, disc reddish-brown, margin thin, flexuose,
stem erect, flexible, equal, white, hollow ; gills crowded,
free, white, then pale dirty-lilac.
On the ground, under trees. Resembling Hiatula in being
deliquescent like Coprinus.
466. A. (Entoloma) ameides, B. and Br. ; pileus 1-2| in.,
pale reddish-grey, irregular, broadly campanulate, thin,
gibbous, polished in centre ; margin white flocculent, at
AGARICINI. 85
length smooth, silky-shining, undulated ; stem stuffed,
compressed, white-villous at base, striate and fibrillose
upwards, fiocculent at apex ; gills distant, adnexed, wrinkled.
In pastures. Bodelwyddan. Becoming reddish when
dry.
II. Leptonidei. — Iiidiniiig to Le-ptonia.
Plletis dry, flocculose, someichat scaly.
457. A. (Entoloma) Saundersii, Fr. ; pileus 2-3 in.,
white, becoming fuscous when old, fleshy, campanulate,
then expanded, obtuse, repaudo-lobed, adpressedly tomentose,
not hygrophanous ; stem solid, equal, silky-flbrous, white;
gills slightly adnexed, broad, distant, reddish.
On naked ground and river sand. Rare. Epping Forest.
468. A. (Entoloma) fertilis, jB. (p. 142) ; 6 in.
469. A. (Entoloma) jubatus, Fr. ; growing in clusters ;
pileus 1-2 in., mouse-colour, somewhat fleshy, campanulate,
then expanded and flattened, umbonate, floccoso-scaly and
fibrillose ; flesh thin, same colour as pileus ; stem fleshy-
fibrous, rigid, fragile, hollow, equal, becoming fuscous,
clothed with fuliginous fibrils ; gills adnexed, somewhat
emarginate, easily separating, crowded, ventricose, at first
fuliginous, then purple-fuliginous.
In old pastures and mossy places. Uncommon. Epping
Forest.
470. A. (Entoloma) resutus, Fr. ; pileus 1 in., becoming
fuscous, disc darker, slightly fleshy, convex, obtuse, floccoso-
scaly, sometimes with darker adpressed scales, or becoming
even, longitudinally fibrillose ; stem fibrous, soft, stuffed,
at length hollow, equal, polished, smooth, slightly striate,
somewhat grey ; gills adnexed, ventricose, reddish, almost
free, plane, crowded, thick, grey, at first darker.
86 OUTLINES OF UKITISJI l'UNC;OLOGV.
In old pasture. Glamis.
t71. A. (Entoloma) griseo-cyaneus, Fr. ; pileus 1 in.,
white, grey, or inclining to blue, slightly fleshy, campanu-
late, then convex, obtuse, floccoso-scaly ; stem fibrous,
hollow, externally floccoso-fibrillose, pallid, then becoming
azure-blue, sometimes white ; gills adnexed, separating free,
veutricose, whitish, then flesh-colour.
In pastures and open woods. Rare.
A. frumentaceus, Bull. (p. 144). This is a Tricholoma.
See No. 85.
472. A. (Entoloma) sericellus, Fr. (p. 144); \ in. Epping
Forest.
473. A. (Entoloma) Thompson!, B. and Br. ; pileus
\^-2 in., grey-tomentose, plane, with raised radiating ribs
which form reticulations in centre ; stem fibrillose, tomen-
tose, paler than the pileus ; gills broad, flesh-colour.
Among grass in plantation. West Farleigh.
III. NoLANiDEi. — Inclininy to Nolanea.
PileitiS thin,Jor viost part scissile, hygro-phcinous, smooth, silky
lohen dry, commonly irregular, pileus repand.
474. A. (Entoloma) clypeatus, L. : 3 in.
475. A. (Entoloma) rhodopolius, Fr. ; 2-5 in.
476. A. (Entoloma) majalis, Fr. ; esrspitose; pileus li-
2i in., somewhat cinnamon, ochraceous, pale yellow when
dry, fleshy-membranaceous, campanulatc, then convex,
somewhat umbonate, fragile, smooth, even, margin repand,
rimoso-incised ; stem slender, fistulose, compressed, twisted,
striate, somewhat fibrillose, whitish, slightly thickened at
the base, white-tomentosc ; gills free, ventrieose, crowded,
crenate, pallid, flesh-colour,
In meadows and open woods. Rare, April to May.
AGARICINI. 87
477. A. (Entoloma) Wynnei, B. and Br. ; pileus 2-3 in.,
fuliginous, at first plaue, velvety, convex, squaniulose ;
margin striate, often undulated ; stem fuliginous azure-
biue, compressed, cottony at base ; gills broad, transversely
ribbed, pallid, creuulate at margin.
In fir woods. Coed Cocb. Odour of bugs.
478. A. (Entoloma) costatus, Fr. (p. 145) ; 2-3 in.
479. A. (Entoloma) sericius, Bull. (p. 145) ; 1 in.
Epping Forest.
480. A. (Entoloma) Persoonianus, Phil, and Plow, ;
pileus 2 in, shining white, then pale, somewhat fleshy, very
fragile, convex, obtusely umbonate, silky-shining ; stem
long, bulbous, and solid at base, otherwise hollow, thin,
piloso-squamulose ; gills adnexed, crowded, obovate, red-
flesh-colour ; darker at maturity.
On the ground ; in grassy places. East Dereham.
481. A. (Entoloma) nidorosus, Fr. (p. 145); 3 in.
482. A. (Entoloma) specultim, Fr. ; somewhat caespi-
tose ; pileus straw-white, silvery, hygrophanous, almost
membranaceous, pellucid, convex, then flattened and de-
pressed, disc obsoletely umbonate, smooth ; margin thin,
bent inwards, flexuose, striate ; stem fistulose, smooth,
round, then compressed, shining ; gills adnexed, broadly
emarginate, ventricose, flaccid, white, then flesh-colour,
edge entire, becoming fuscous.
On the ground, among grass. Coed Coch.
88 OUTLINES OF HKITISPI FUNGOLOGY.
Subgenus 17. Clitopilus (p. 145). — Clitopilus corresponds
with Clitocybe, spores rosy, not white.
I. Orcelli. — Gills deeply decurrent, jnleus irregular, somewhat
eccentric, Jlexuose, scarcely hygrophanous, margin at first
fioccidose.
483. A. (Clitopilus) prunulus, Scop. (p. 145) ; 2-4 in.
Epping Forest.
484. A. (Clitopilus) Orcella, Jia//. ; growing iu troops ;
pileus becoming yellow-white, fleshy, solt, piano-depressed,
at first irregular, slightly silky, somewhat viscid when
moist; stem curt, solid, Hocculose, thickened upwards; gills
crowded, whitish flesh-colour.
On open grassy ground. Frequent. Epping Forest.
Commonly smaller and thinner than A. j)rwiulus ; pileus
undulato-lobed, often spotted and zoned ; flesh softer and
unchangeable; gills more crowded. Edible.
485. A. (Clitopilus) mundulus, Fr. ; pileus 2 in., be-
coming pale-white, thin, spotted, cinereous, at length black,
fleshy, thin, at first convex, gibbous, with an involute mar-
gin, floccoso-soft, soon flattened and depressed, unequal,
repand, often excentric, even or rivulose; flesh soft, but
tough, white ; stem stuft'ed, equal, floccoso-villous, then
smooth, white villous at base, at length black internally ;
gills crowded, narrow, thin, pallid.
In woods, among leaves. Uncommon.
486 A. (Clitopilus) popinalis, Fr. ; pileus 1-2 in.,
cinereous, mottled with guttate spots, slightly fleshy,
flaccid, convex, then depressed, somewhat repand, smooth,
opaque ; flesh whitish-grey, unchangeable ; stem stuft'ed,
equal, flexuose, naked, paler than the pileus ; gills broader
than flesh of pileus, lanceolate, crowded, dark grey, at
length reddish.
AtlARICINI. 89
Oil downs. Worthing.
487. A. (Clitopilus) undatus, Fr. ; pileus 1^ in., fuligi-
nous-cinereous, becoming pale, not hygrophanous, slightly
silky-opaque when dry, fragile, umbilicate, sometimes in-
fundibuliform, unequal, undulated ; stem often very short,
fibrous, hollow, unequal, compressed, attenuated at base
and covered downwards with whitish pubescence ; gills not
crowded, thin, entire, dark, cinereous.
On open downs. Batheaston.
488. A. (Clitopilus) cancrinus, Fr. ; pileus 1 in., whitish
tan or white, not hygrophanous, somewhat membranaceous,
at first convex with involute margin, then plane, irregular,
at length cracked, smooth, no cuticle, becoming floccoso-
even, flesh white, hyaline at gills ; stem curt, white, stuft'ed,
or fistulose, round or compressed, equal or thicker at apex,
smooth ; gills distant, rather thick, arcuate, then straight,
white, then flesh-colour.
Grass flelds. Apethorpe.
489. A. (Clitopilus) cretatus, B. and Br. ; pileus ^| in.
dead white, shining membranaceous, convex then umbilicate.
margin involute ; stem short, often curved and thickened at
base, tomentose, especially below, white ; gills narrow, rose-
colour.
On naked soil in woods and pastures. Uncommon.
II. Sericelli. — Pileus reyular, silhj or hygrojohanous-silkij,
margin involute ; gills adnate, slightly decurrent.
490. A. (Clitopilus) carneo-albus, With. ; pileus 1 in.,
white, somewhat fleshy, convexo-plane, orbicular, even,
slightly silky, somewhat disc- shaped ; disc at length
depressed, rufescent ; stem white, unequal, fibroso-striate ;
gills thin, somewhat distant, white, then flesh colour.
90 OUTLINES OF BinTLSlI FUNCJOLOGV.
lu heathy places. Rare. Epping Forest.
491. A. (Clitopilus) vilis, Fr. ; pileus 1 in., grey, some-
what membranaceous, convex, umbilicate, soft, when dry
silky-fibrillose, opaque ; stem fistulose, equal, somewhat
tough, but fibroso-fissile, same colour as pileus, fibrilloso-
striate ; white-villous at base ; gills plano-decurrent or
adnate with a decurrent tooth, nearly triangular, crowded,
almost extending beyond margin of pileus, Mhitish.
In pine woods. Among moss, etc. Leigh Down.
492. A. (Clitopilus) stilbo-cephalus, B. and Br. ; pileus
campanulate, obtuse, sometimes umbonate, hygrophanous,
when dry whitish, somewhat silky, sparkling, margin
straight; stem hollow, somewhat equal, undulato-fibrous,
silky ; gills broad, adnate, sometimes emarginate behind,
veined.
Ascot.
493. A. (Clitopilus) straminipes, Mass. : pileus 1-2 in.,
thin, membranaceous, fragile, convex then expanded and
depressed, whitish, even, rather shining ; stem equal, hollow,
smooth, often compressed, straw-colour below, sprinkled
with white meal above ; gills scarcely crowded, shortly
decurrent, whitish then rosy.
On the ground. Carlisle.
Hubgenus l.s. — Lei'TONIa (p. 14(>).
Leptonia corresponds with Collybia, spores rosy, not white.
* Gills ivhitish, pileus slightli/ jleshy, icithouf stricK, not
hygrophanous.
494. A. (Leptonia) placidus, Fr. ; pileus 1 in. fleshy-mem-
branaceous, campanulate, then convex, obtuse, disc villous
and blackish, otherwise squamulose on a cinereous-whitish
AGAKICINI. 91
ground with fuliginous-black fibrils, or at first flocculose,
becoming grey azure-blue, then with concentric scales on a
white ground; stem stuffed, equal, rigid, white-pruinose and
minutely black dotted at the somewhat thickened apex,
dark azure-blue or black-blue ; gills annexed, broad behind,
crowded, whitish, edge same colour.
On beech trunks. Downton.
495. A. (Leptonia) lappula, Fr. ; pileus 1-1^ in. grey,
fleshy, hemispherical, convex o-plane, umbilicate, at first
flocculoso-soft, then roughish with short erect black fibrils
crowded towards centre ; stem fistulose, equal, tough,
minutely striate and black-dotted upwards, fuscous-lilac
or dark purple, white-villous at base ; gills at first adnate
with a small tooth then separating, plane, broad, ovate,
crowded, distinct, white-grey.
Amongst beech leaves. Forres.
A. (Leptonia) lampropus, Fr. (p. 146).
496. A. (Leptonia) sethiops, Fr. ; pileus ^—1 in. black
then fuliginous, slightly fleshy, piano-depressed, streaked
with fibrils, smooth, shining; stem slender, stuffed, smooth,
fuscous-blackish, black-dotted upwards ; gills adnexed or
adnate, sometimes linear, ventricose, whitish, edge same
colour and entire.
Grassy places in woods. Killiu.
497. A. (Leptonia) solstitialis, Fr. ; pileus fuscous,
slightly fleshy, depressed, papillate in centre, slightly
wrinkled, obsoletely innato-fibrillose ; stem somewhat
fistulo&e, smooth, smoke colour ; gills emarginate, broad,
whitish, same colour at edge.
Among stones and on grassy ground. Loch Kiuord, etc.
92 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUKGOLOGY.
** Gills at first azure-hhije or slujlitlij dark blue.
4.98. A. (Leptonia) serrulatus, P. (p. 146),
499. A. (Leptonia) euchrous, P. (p. 146) ; 1 iu.
500. A. (Leptonia) chalybseus, P. (p. 147) ; 1 in.
501. A. (Leptonia) lazulinus, Fr. ; gregarious; pileus
1-1 2 in., black-fuliginous, somewhat membranaceous, cam-
pauulate, then expanded and obtuse, striate, at first smooth,
then obsoletely umbilicate and rimoso-squamulose, fragile ;
stem cartilaginous, fistulose, smooth, even, dark blue, white-
■woolly at base ; gills adnate, separating, pallid deep blue,
equally attenuated from stem to margin of pileus, edge
same colour.
On the ground, among graso.
***■ Gills 2}allid, becoming blue, ijelloio, or green.
502. A. (Leptonia) incanus, Fr. (p. 147).
503. A. (Leptonia) formosus, Fr. ; pileus 1 in., yellow
wax-colour, sprinkled with minute fuscous squamules or
fibrils, somewhat membranaceous, slightly tough, convex,
then plane, umbilicate, striate ; stem cartilaginous, some-
what fistulose, internally stuffed with soft white flocci,
equal, even, smooth, shining, yellow ; gills adnate, with a
decurrent tooih, somewhat distant, light yellow-pallid, then
flesh-colour, edge entire, same colour.
Among Eqaisetuni. Scarborough.
Var. suavis, Lasdi ; stem becoming bluish.
Among Equisetwn.
504. A. (Leptonia) chloropolius, Fr. ; pileus 1 in.,
livid, blacU-squamulosc in centre, membranaceous, convex,
then flattened ; margin at first iuflexed, striate ; stem fistu-
AGARICINI. \)6
lose^ slightly firm, rigid, smooth, l)luish-grey-green ; gills
adnate, whitish, edge same colour.
In grassy places. Cabalva.
**** Gills (jre// or glaucous, lii/groj^hanous, jjileits somewhat striate.
505. A. (Leptonia) asperellus, Fr. (p. 147); 1-H in.
506. A. (Leptonia) nefrens, Fr. ; pileus 1-2 in., hygro-
phanous, fuliginous, then livid-grey, membranaceous, cam-
panulate, then flattened, somewhat undulated, striate, obso-
letely fibrillose, with a deep darker umbilicus, at length
infundibuliform ; stem fistulose, fragile, equal, smooth,
somewhat naked, fuscous-livid ; gills adnexed, separating,
broad, pallid grey, edge slightly black, entire.
In grassy places. A.scot.
Subgenus I 'J. — ISTolanea.
Nolanea corresponds with Mycena, spores rosy, not white.
* Gills grey or fuscous. Pileus darh-coloured,hygrophanous.
507. A. (Nolanea) pascuus, P. (p. 147) ; 1-3 in.
Epping Forest.
508. A. (Nolanea) Babingtonii, Blox. (p. 148) ; \ in.
509. A. (Nolanea) mammosus, Fr. ; pileus umber or
fuliginous, then dull silky, hygrophanous, membranaceous,
conico-campanulate, papillate, rarely obtuse, striate, smooth ;
stem rigid, fistulose, cartilaginous, tense, straight, slightly
thickened and white-mealy at apex, otherwise polished, even
or compressed, smooth, fuliginous-livid ; gills adnexed,
sepa rating-free, ventricose, slightly distant, grey, then hoary
or pure rose-colour.
On lawns. Coed Coch.
510. A. (Nolanea) junceus, Fr.; pileus 1 in., fuliginous.
94 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUXGOLOOY.
then livid, hygrophanous, membranaceous, conical, then
campanuiate, obtuse or umbilicate, somewhat squamulose
at disc, striate ; stem cartilaginous, fistulose, slender, equal,
round or compressed, even, smooth, fuscous, livid-fuscous ;
gills ascending, adnexed, separating, somewhat distant,
oblong, grey.
In woods. Carnarvonshire.
oil. A. (Nolanea) fulvo-strigosus, B. and Br. ; pileus
1^ in., grey, conical, slightl}' wrinkled ; stem furfuraceo-
squamulose, clothed at base with rigid red hairs, tinted with
same colour above ; gills adnate, grey.
On the ground. East Farleigh.
** Gills hecomin;/ ijellow, or rufescent.
512. A. (Nolanea) pisciodorus, Ces. ; pileus j— li in.,
tawny-cinnamon, somewhat membranaceous, conical, cam-
panuiate, then convex, obtusely umbouate, velvety soft ;
stem somewhat fistulose, tough, very thinly pruinate, chest-
nut-brown, then black, ])aler at apex, velvety ; gills slightly
adnexed, pale yellowish, then flesh-colour, at length slightly
tawny.
Among chips and decayed leaves. Odour of rotten fish.
Epping Forest.
513. A. (Nolanea) nigripes, Troy. ; pileus 1 -^ in., sub-
membranaceous, conical, then campanidate, obtuse, without
striae, sprinkled with paler flocci, fuscous ; stem fistulose,
twisted, smooth, black ; gills nearly free, thin, ventricose,
yellow flesh-colour.
Amongst moss in swamp. Watford. Odour of putrid
fish.
514. A. (Nolanea) rufo-carneus, B. (p. 148); 1 in.
515. A. (Nolanea) icterinus, Fr. ; pileus -V-1 in., light
AGARICINI. 95
yellow-green or yellowish-honey-colour, then pale, hygro-
phanous, somewhat membranaceous, sometimes slightly
floccose or fuscous -squamulose, slightly firm, campanulate,
then convex or wholly reflexed, pellucid, striate, smooth,
opaque, then slightly silky ; stem stuffed, rigid, more or
less mealy, same colour as pileus, or fuscous ; gills adnexed,
separating, ventricose, distant, pallid, saffron-yellow.
In woods and gardens.
*** Gills shining ir/iite, then rosy^ hjjgrophanous.
516. A. (Nolanea) pieeus, Kalch. : pileus black, umber
when dry, somewhat membranaceous, conical, then cam-
panulate, papillate, smooth ; stem tistulose, somewhat
tough, short, even, pruinose, same colour as pileus ; gills
emarginate, decurrent, with a small tooth, ventricose, some-
what distant, white, then flesh-colour.
In grassy places. Odour of cucumber or fishy.
This is possibly a form of A. pisciodoriis, and both may
be the same with A. cucumis.
517. A. (Nolanea) infula, Fr. : pileus \-\h in., fawn,
fuliginous, then dull livid, shining, membranaceous, pliant,
conical, or campanulate, often repand and irregular, centre
at length depressed, polished ; stem somewhat fistulose,
cartilaginous, very tough, striate, polished, naked, same
colour as pileus, pubescent, with mycelium at base ; gills
adnexed, separating-free, thin, narrow, crowded, shining-
white.
On lawns.
Var. versiformis; pileus \ in., densely striate, umbonate,
papillate, sometimes infundibuliform.
On burnt ground.
96 OUTLINES OF HUITISH FUNGOLOGY.
**** Grills whitish, pileus not hyyroplianous.
518. A. (Nolanea) verecundus, Fr. ; deusely gregarious ;
pileus watery, reddish, pallid, somewhat membranaceous,
slightly fleshy at disc, at first umbonate, then obtuse, obso-
letely pellucid, striate to the middle, smooth, slightly silky
towards the flocculose margin ; stem slightly firm, somewhat
fistulose, cartilaginous, not rigid, easily splitting into fibrils,
becoming pale, mealy at apex ; gills adnate, separating,
rather thick, distant, ventricose, segmental, whitish, watery.
Among short grass.
519. A. (Nolanea) coelestinus, Fr. ; pileus iHn., dark
azure-blue, streaked, not hygrophanous, campanulate, then
convex, obtuse, the rugged disc darker or blackish, striate,
lax ; stem somewhat fistulose, atteimated upwards, white-
pruinate at apex, otherwise smooth, azure- blue-black ; gills
adnate, ventricose, broad, hoary-white, edge same colour.
On old trunks. On wood. Stoke Pogis.
520. A. (Nolanea) rubidus, B. (p. 148) ; J in.
Subgenus 20. Ecctlia.^ — Pileus membranaceous, at first infliexed
stem cartilaginous, hollow or stufled ; gills attenuated behind,
decurrent not separating from stem.
Ecc'din cori'esponds witli Oinphalia ; spores rosy, not white.
521. A. (Eccilia) Parkensis, Fr. ; pileus 1 in., fuscous,
then blackish, not hygrophanous, membranaceous, plano-
convex, umbilicatc, smooth, slightly striate to middle ; stem
fistulose, attenuated downwards, smooth, fuscous ; gills
decurrent, ci'owdec], distant, linear, whitish, then becoming
dingy flesh-colour.
In grassy places. Hatheaston.
522. A. (Eccilia) carneo-griseus, B. and Br. ; pileus
1 in., grey-desh-colour, umbilicatc, striate, delicately dotted.
AGAPJCINI. 97
margin slightly glittering witli dark particles ; stem slender,
fibrous-hollow, same colour as pileus, shining, white- tomeu-
tose at base; gills adnato-decurrent, somewhat undulated,
distant, rosy, the irregular margin darker.
Among fir leaves, Aboyne.
523. A. (Eccilia) griseo-rubellus, Lasch ; pileus 1 in,,
hygrophanous, umber or fuscous, then grey, membranaceous,
umbilicate, at first convex at circumference, then plane,
striate ; stem fistulose, equal, smooth, same colour as, or
paler than pileus ; gills decurrent, somewhat distant, grey,
then flesh-colour.
In pine woods. On the ground. Sibbertoft.
524. A. (Eccilia) atrides, Lasch ; pileus black, fuscous,
then pale, black-streaked, somewhat membranaceous, plane,
umbilicate, striate ; stem somewhat fistulose, pallid, black-
dotted upwards ; gills decurrent, whitish, attenuated behind,
somewhat crowded, the black edge slightly toothed.
In moist woods. On the ground. Hereford. Perhaps
a form of A. serrulatus.
525. A. (Eccilia) atro-punctus, P, ; gregarious ; pileus
pale cinereous, somewhat fleshy, soft, hemispherical ; stem
somewhat tough, pallid, shining with black punctiform
squamules ; gills decurrent, arcuate, distant, alternate,
cinereous flesh-colour.
On the ground. Diumore.
526. A. (Eccilia) nigrella, P. ; somewhat tufted ; pileus
becoming blackish, umbilicate, smooth; stem short, glaucous;
gills flesh-colour, then somewhat cinereous.
In pastures, Perth,
527. A. (Eccilia) rhodocylix, Lasch ; pileus h in,, some-
what fuscous, then grey, hygrophanous, membranaceous,
infundibuliform ; margin reflexed, remotely striate, then
98 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY.
Hocculose ; stem stuffed, thickened upwards, tough, smooth,
cinereous ; gills decurrent, distant, broad, few, whitish, then
flesh-colour.
On rotten wood. On tops of walls. Lincoln.
528. A. (Eccilia) floseulus, S?n. ; pileus submembrana-
ceous, pruinoso-crystalline, umbilicate, somewhat irregular,
black-brown, then white ; stem pruinose or innato-fibril-
lose, cartilaginous, with a fleshy pith, attenuated down-
wards; gills decurrent, somewhat waved, thick, pink.
On the ground at the foot of, and upon the stems of
tree ferns.
529. A. (Eccilia) acus, Sm. ; pileus submembranaceous,
umbilicate, densely pruinose, white ; margin striate and
incurved ; gills thick, distant, deeply decurrent, pink ; stem
cartilaginous, smooth.
Among germinating coffee seeds, in cocoa-nut fibre.
Odour strong.
Subgenus 21. Claudopus. — Pileus excentric, lateral or
resupinate.
Claudopus corresponds with Pleurotus, spores rosy not white.
The British species removed from Crepidotus.
530. A. (Claudopus) variabilis, P. (p. IGl). Epping
Forest.
531. A. (Claudopus) depluens, Batscli (p. IGl).
532. A. (Claudopus) byssisedus, 7-*. (p. 1G4).
99
Series 3. — Dermini (p. 149).
Subgenus 22. Acetabularia. — Universal veil distinct from
pileus ; hymenophore distinct ; gills free.
Acetabularia, corresponds with Amanita and Volvaria,
spores brown, not white or rosy.
533. A. (Acetabularia) acetabulosus, Sow. ; pileus 1 in.,
light brown, convex, striate or rimose, especially at margin ;
stem long, white, equal, hollow ; volva nearly white ; gills
free, narrow, hispid, light brown, glandular.
Bank of Thames, near high-water mark. Millbank.
Subgenus 2:1. Togaria. — Pileus squamulose, floccose, fibrillose or
plane ; stem furnished with a ring ; gills free, adfixed or adnate .
Togaria corresponds with Lepiota, spores brown, not white.
As in Lepiota, the species are noinnally terrestrial.
* E UDERMINI. — Spores ferrvAjinous.
534. A. (Togaria) aureus, Matt. ; wholly golden tawny ;
pileus 6 in., fleshy, convex, obtuse, soft, velvety, then hairv-
squamulose; flesh thin, soft,. white, at length yellow; stem
solid, equal, smooth, pale, naked above ring, apex flocculose,
near ring ferruginous scurfy ; ring distant, medial or infe-
rior, erect, spreading, generally wide, laciniate, flocculose ;
gills adnexed, then free, ventricose, crowded, connected by
veins, pallid-ferruginous.
On the ground. Dumfries. Perth.
Var. Vahlii, Schum. ; pileus even, smooth ; gills some-
what free. Dunkeld. Moncreiffe.
Var. Herefordiensis, Benni/ ; stem granulated and tuber-
culated. Herefordshire.
100 OUTLINES OF BltlTISII FUXGOLOGY.
535. A. (Togaria) caperatus, P. ; pileus 3-5 in., yellow,
fleshy, ovate, tlieu expanded, obtuse, moist, or sub-viscid, eveu
at disc,lacunoso-wrinkled at sides, incrusted with white super-
ficial flocci ; stem solid, stout, cylindrical, base tuberous,
shining-white, squamulose above the membranaceous ring ;
gills adnate, crowded, thin, somewhat serrated, clay -cinnamon.
In woods. Uncommon.
536. A. (Togaria) terrigenus, Fr. ; pileus 1 \-3 in., dingy
yellow, fleshy, compact, convex, then flattened, adpressedly
silky with fibrils, fibrilloso-scaly towards margin ; flesh
yellow ; stem fleshy, fibrous, stufied or hollow, sub- equal,
dingy yellow, warty-squarrose and fibrillose ; gills adnate,
with a decurrent tooth, not sinuate, pallid light yellow, then
olivaceous-ferruginous.
Damp ground, chiefly in woods. On old earthy stumps.
Kenmore. Epping Forest.
537. A. (Togaria) erebius, Fr. : gregarious; pileus 2 in.,
livid or ferruginous-livid, then ochraceous-clay, slightly
fleshy, convex, then flattened, smooth, almost viscid, hygro-
phanous, striate at margin when dry, fragile ; stem hollow,
smooth, somewhat striate, pale ; ring superior, apical,
sulcate, white ; gills adnate, somewhat distant, pallid, then
dingy cinnamon.
In grassy places in woods. On soil, under beeches.
538. A. (Togaria) ombrophilus, Fr. : gregarious ; pale
ferruginous; pileus 3 in., fleshy, convex then plane, gibbous,
partially repand, smooth, almost viscid, hygropbanous, striate
at margin when moist ; flesh thin, soft, white when dry ;
stem hollow, somewhat fragile, equal, obsolctely fibrillose or
slightly striate, pallid ; ring distant, entire, reflexed, mem-
branaceous, white ; gills adfixed, vcntricose, at length sepa-
rating, almost free, crowded, pallid then w^atery ferruginous.
AGAEICmi. 101
In grassy places after heavy rains. On the ground.
Coed Coch.
539. A. (Togaria) molliscorium, Che. ^' Mass. ; pileus
\l-o in.j fleshy, convex, smooth, soft like kid leather, tawny
yellow ; disc darker, dry, shining, margin acute, thin ; stem
equal, paler, fistulose, silky, punctately squamulose at apex ;
ring broad, distant, brownish, deciduous ; flesh yellow ; gills
narrowly adnate, ventricose, crowded, thin.
On the ground. Carlisle.
540. A. (Togaria) togularis, Bull. ; growing in troops ;
pileus IJ in., pallid ochraceous, fleshy, soft, campanulate,
then expanded, obtuse, orbicular, smooth; flesh thin, soft,
yellow ; stem fistulose, rigid, equal, cylindrical, fibrilloso-stri-
gose, naked, yellow at apex, fuscous downwards ; ring-medial,
entire, spreading-reflexed ; gills adnato-separating, ventricose,
crowded, narrowed in front, yellow, at length ferruginous.
In grassy places. In a wood among chips. Rare.
= A. mesodactylus, B. and Br.
** Phaeoti. — Spores fuscous-ferruginous.
541. A. (Togaria) durus, Bolt. (p. 149) ; 3 in.
542. A. (Togaria) prsecox, P. (p. 149) ; 3 in. Epping
Forest.
Subgenus 24. Pluteolus. — Pileus slightly fleshy, viscid, conical
or campanulate, then expanded, margin at first ■■ - i-+
adpressed to the stem ; stem somewhat cartilaginous,
separate from the hymenophore ; giUs rounded-free.
Pluteolus corresponds with Hiatula and Pluteus ; spores
brown, not white or rosy.
543. A. (Pluteolus) reticulatus, P. (p. 162) ; 2 in.
Removed from Galera.
102 OUTLIXKS OF 15HITI8H FUNGOLOGY.
544, A. (Pluteolus) aleuriatus, Fr. ; pileus i-1 iu.,
bluish-grey, livid, rose-colour, somewhat membranaceous,
conical, then couvcxo-planc, viscous, striate ; stem fistulose,
incurved pulverulent, white ; gills free, ventricose, saffron-
ochraceous.
On rotten sticks. Coed Coch.
Subgenus 2.j. Pholiota (p. 149). — Pholiota agrees with Armil-
laria ; spores brown, not white.
A. Truncigeni. — On wood, mostly ca'spitose.
* JEoiERnmi.—l^ileus naked, not seedy, hut slightly rimoso-
rivvlose ; giUs j)(dlid, then rufescent, or fuscous.
545. A. Pholiota radicosus, Bull (p. 150); 3-5 in.
Epping Forest.
546. A. (Pholiota) pudicus, Bull. (p. 150) ; 2-4 in.
547. A. (Pholiota) leoehromus, Cke. ; ctespitose ; pileus
bright-tawny, whitish at margin, fleshy, convexo-plane, at
length depressed, soft, smooth, rivulose from cracking of
cuticle ; stem slender, solid, fibrous, internally amber-brown
at base, externally paler, white above, nearly equal, smooth,
shining ; ring persistent, tawny ; gills rounded, adnate,
slightly ventricose, pallid then cinnamon.
On old stumps, elm, etc. Ilighgate. Said to be edible.
548. A. (Pholiota) capistratus, Cke. ; subcsespitose ;
pileus 2-3 iu. livid, tawny, rather viscid when moist, whitish
when dry, fleshy, convex, margin involute and slightly
striate; stem thick, stufted, nearly equal, sub-squamulose ;
ring large, entire, spreading, persistent ; gills decurrent,
crowded, rather fleshy, pallid, growing darker.
On old stumps, elm, etc. Highgate. Said to be edible,
taste rather unpleasant.
AGARICINI. 103
549. A. (Pholiota) segerita, Fr. ; cfespitose ; pileus
tawuy, becoming pale white towai'ds margin, fleshy, convex
then plane, rivulose_, slightly wrinkled ; flesh white, stea«.
stuffed, equal, white-silky, fibrillose ; ring superior,
swollen ; gills adnate, decurrent with a small tooth,
crowded, pallid, then fuscous.
On poplar trunks. On dead ash. King's Lynn. Odour
pleasant.
550. A. (Pholiota) iTixurians, Fr. ; csespitose ; pileus
yellowish- white then rufous- fuscous, fleshy, convexo-
gibbous, very irregular, then flattened, unequal, silky then
squamulose ; flesh white ; stem stuffed, rigid, somewhat
squamulose, white then fuscous ; ring apical, torn,
fugacious ; gills adnexed then decurrent, crowded, grey
flesh-colour then fuscous.
On oak and elm trunks. King's Lynn.
** Squamosi. — Pileus scaly, not hygrophanoiis, gills changing
colour.
f Gills pallid, becoming Juscous, olivaceous, clay-coloured.
55L A. (Pholiota) comosus, Fr. (p. 150) ; 3 in. Epping
Forest.
552. A. (Pholiota) heteroclitus, Fr. ; pileus 2-3 in.
whitish or yellow, then tawny, compact and hard when
young, generally exceutric, hemispherical then flattened,
obtuse, sometimes even, commonly broken up into broad
scattered, innate, adpressed, spot-like, dark scales, sometimes
viscid ; flesh thick, firm, pallid ; stem thickened-bulbous,
bluntly rooting, thick, solid, hard, fibrillose, white, veiled at
apex, internally rhubarb-colour at base ; gills rounded
104 OUTLINES OF BKITISH FUNGOLOGY.
behind, slightly adnexed, broad, plane, crowded, at first
pallid, then dirty ferruginous.
On trunks, birch, poplar. Bromley.
553. A. (Pholiota) aurivellus, Batsch (p. 150) ; 3-5iu.
554. A. (Pholiota) squarrosus, Mull. (p. 150); 3-5 in.
Epping Forest.
Var. Miilleri, Fr. ; pileus obtuse, moist, pallid, with
darker adpressed scales ; gills becoming tawny-fuscous ;
stem equal ; ring entire.
Epping Forest.
Var. A. verruculosus, Lasch ; pileus compact, obtuse,
yellow, with crowded cinnamon scales and pajnlhc ; stem
villous-scaly.
On trunks of maple. King's ClifFe. Epping Forest.
555. A. (Pholiota) subsquarrosus, Fr. ; somewhat ca3S-
pitose ; pileus 2 in., brown-ferruginous, with darker ad-
pressed floccose scales, fleshy, convex, obtuse or gibbous,
viscid; stem stuffed or hollow, equal, yellow-ferruginous,
clothed with darker adpressed scales ; furnished with an
annular zone at apex, becoming yellow-ferruginous within ;
gills sinuate, emarginate, almost free, arcuate, crowded, at
first pale, then dingy yellow.
On trunks and on the ground. On fir stump. Hereford.
ft Gills yellow, then pure forriujinous or taiony, not
Jiygrophanous.
556. A. (Pholiota) spectabilis, Fr. = A. aureus (p. 149) ;
casspitose; pileus 2-5 in., tawny or golden yellow, then
pale, shining, fleshy, compact, hemispherical, obtuse, dry,
torn into adpressed, innate, pilose squamules of same colour,
continued into veil at inflexed margin ; flesh thick, hard,
sulphur-yellow ; stem solid, hard, ventricose, base fusiform.
AGARICLN-I. 105
sheathed with veil, smooth, shining or squamulose, sulphur"
yellow, mealy above the inferior, spreading, persistent, even
ring ; gills adnate, generally with a decurrent tooth, crowded,
narrow, at first yellow, then ferruginous.
On stumps. Frequent. Epping Forest. Taste, bitter-
aromatic.
557. A. (Pholiota) adiposus, Fr. (p. 151) ; 3-7 in,
Epping Forest.
558. A. (Pholiota) flammans, Fr. (p. 151) ; 2-4 in.
559. A. (Pholiota) Junonius, Fr. ; pileus 2 in., yellow,
fleshy, firm, convexo-plane, obtuse, dry, even, smooth ; flesh
compact pallid ; stem yellow, solid, equal, firm, incurved,
often excentric, even, mealy above ring; ring inferior
reflexed, entire ; gills adnate, crowded, broad, plane, yellow,
then ferruginous.
On trunks. Highgate,
560. A. (Pholiota) tuberciilosus, Sch(eff. ; pileus ^ in.,
tawny yellow, compactly fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse,
sometimes depressed, dry, smooth, or broken up into innate
broad adpressed scales ; flesh becoming yellow ; stem curt^
bulbous, hollow, incurved, fibrillose, somewhat scaly, often
excentric, bright light yellow ; ring somewhat membrana-
ceous, reflexed, falling off"; gills emarginate, crowded, broad,
plane, light yellow, then tawny or spotted-ferruginous, edge
serrulated.
On trunks, chiefly birch. On sawdust. Coed Coch.
561. A. (Pholiota) curvipes, Fr. ; gregarious; pileus
H-2 in., tawny yellow, or orange, fleshy, thin, firm, tough,
convex, then expanded, obtuse, wholly innato-flocculose,
then torn into minute scales, dry ; stem fistulose, equal,
incurved, tough, fibrillose or delicately squamulose, light
yellow ; ring floccoso-radiate, soon vanishing ; gills adnate.
106 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOriY.
crowded, light yellowish, pallid at sides, at length tawuy,
edge white, at length floccoso-crenate.
On sawdust and fallen trunks. Coed Coch.
562. A. (Pholiotaj cruentatus, Cke. and Sm. ; pileus
rather fleshy, convex, then expanded, torn into adpressed
floccose scales ; stem somewhat fistulose, thin, incurved,
fibrillose, yellow, as well as the floccose ring ; gills adnate,
broad, white, then yellowish, at length tawny.
On trunks.
*** Hygrophani. — Gills cinnamo)/, not at fast light yellovh
563. A. (Pholiota) paxillus, Fr. ; pileus 3-5 in., rather
compact, gibbously convex, then expanded, even, moist,
subrepand ; stem solid, long, stout, rather attenuated,
smooth ; ring narrow, spreading ; gills decurreut, crowded,
broad, cinnamon.
On trunks.
564. A. (Pholiota) dissimulans, B. and Br. ; pileus 1 in.,
livid, becoming pale or whitish, campanulate, obtuse, scarcely
viscid, at length flattened, involute at margin ; stem fistu-
lose, with transverse dissepiments, thickened downwards,
shining white, cottony at base ; ring erect, generally per-
sistent ; gills sinuato-adnate, then decurrent, pallid clay
colour.
On sticks of hawthorn and sloe. Hothorpe.
565. A. (Pholiota) Cookei, Fr. ; pileus 2 in., dirty pale-
yellowish, fleshy, conical, then convex, viscid when moist,
sprinkled with darker adpressed scales ; stem solid, equal,
fibrillose, rufous-brown below; ring tender; gills adnate,
slightly vcntricose, at length brown.
In damp places among grass. Dinmore.
566. A. (Pholiota) subluteus, Fl. Dun.; pileus 3 in.,
AGAPJCIXI. 107
yellow, fleshy, thin, flattened, umbonate, squamulose, margin
striate when moist ; stem stufled, smooth, yellow, thickened
at base ; ring spreading ; gills decurrent, crowded, cinna-
mon.
On grassy ground. Faldonside.
567. A. (Pholiota) confragosus, Fr. ; pileus 1^ in.,
brick-red or cinnamon -rufous, then tawny, slightly fleshy,
conveso-plaue, obtuse, densely flocculoso-furfuraceous ;
margin with or without strife ; stem fistulose, equal, flexuose,
wholly pale-ferruginous ; veil sheathed-fibrillose on stem ;
ring striate near apex, membranaceous, persistent ; gills
adnate, thin, crowded, rufous or cinnamon-rufous, edge
under lens unequal, crenulated.
On old fallen elm. Coed Coch.
568. A. (Pholiota) mutabilis, Schcejf. (p. 151) ; 2 in.
Epping Forest.
569. A. (Pholiota) marginatus, Batsch (p. 151) ; 1 in.
Epping Forest.
570. A. (Pholiota) mustelinus, Fr. ; pileus 2-3 in.,
yellow, ochraceous, slightly fleshy, campanulate, convex,
smooth, dry; stem fistulose, even, pallid, white- mealy above
the superior reflexed ring, thickened and white-villous at
base; gills adnate, somewhat distant, tawny-cinnamon.
On stumps. Guildford.
571. A. (Pholiota) unicolor, Fl. Dan.; gregarious;
pileus ^ in., bay-brown, then ochraceous, fleshy, campanu-
late, then convex, somewhat umbonate, smooth, striate at
margin ; stem stuff"ed, then fistulose, equal, somewhat
smooth, same colour as pileus ; ring membranaceous, entire,
slight, persistent; gills slightly adnexed, ventricose, broad,
pallid-ochreous.
On trunks and branches, larch, etc. Hereford.
108 OUTLINES OF BUITLSII FUXGOLOGY.
A. (Pholiota) Leveillianus, D. and M. (p. 152).
= A. (Toffaria) erebius.
C. MusciGENi. — llycjrophanous, stem ringed. Growing in
inossy places.
572. A. (Pholiota) pumilus, Fr. (p. 152) ; ^ in.
573. A. (Pholiota) mycenoides, Fr. (p. 152) ; \ iu.
Subgenus 20. Inocybe (p. 152). — Universal veil somewhat Hbril-
lose, conci-ete with the cuticle of pileus, often free at
margin in the form of a cortina ; gills somewhat sinuate,
adnata oi- decuirent, changing colour, but not cinnamon-
pulverulent.
Inocybe, with the next subgenus Hebeloma, corresponds with
Tricholoma and Entoloma, spores more or less fuscous-
ferruginous, not white or rosy. Inocybe would have been
better kept as a section of Hebeloma ; or subgenera
corresponding with Inocybe should have been established
amongst the white, rosy and purple-spored series of Agarics.
Fries' plan is here followed in deference to the author.
* Squarrosi. — Pileus at first squarrose, somewhat fuscous, stem
scaly of the same colour.
574. A. (Inocybe) hystrix, Fr. ; pileus 2-3 in , mouse-
colour, fleshy, firm, convex, then flattened, obtuse, orbicu-
lar, squarrose, with revolute, floccose scales ; flesh white ;
stem solid, firm, equal or attenuated downwards, fuscous
mouse-colour, densely squarrose as far as the annular zone,
above the zone even, pallid; gills aduate, crowded, linear,
whitish, then fuscous.
In beech woods. Heywood Forest, Herefordshire.
575. A. (Inocybe) reclinus, Fr. (p. 152) ; -^ in.
576. A. (Inocybe) calamistratus, Fr. ; pileus 1-2 in.,
AGAPJCIXI. 109
everywhere fuscous . aud squar rose-scaly, slightly fleshy,
campaaulate, obtuse ; margin at first bent inwards, often
repaud, then flattened ; flesh reddish ; stem solid, rigid,
tough, equal, rooting, fuscous, dark azure-blue at base,
squarrose ; gills adnexed, separating, crowded, broad, white,
then ferruginous, edge white, thick, serrate.
In ditches and waysides in woods. In fir woods. Rare.
577. A. (Inocybe) hirsutus, Lusch ; pileus h in., fuscous,
slightly fleshy, conical, then carapanulate, umbonate, acute,
squarrose, with fasciculato-pilose scales, then ochreous and
fibrillose towards the fringed margin ; stem solid, slender,
tough, fibrillose, floccoso-scaly at apex, thickened and dark
greenish at base ; gills adnexed, crowded, thin, narrow,
pallid, then fuscous, edge white, toothed.
In moist beech woods, etc. Rare.
578. A. (Inocybe) lanuginosus, Ball. (p. 153) ; 1 in.
579. A. (Inocybe) dulcamarus, A. and S. ; gregarious ;
pileus 1-iu., olivaceous-fuscous, slightly fleshy, campanulate,
convex, then expanded and umbonate, floccoso-scaly, silky
towards margin; flesh thin, yellow-white; stem somewhat
hollow, not rigid, equal, cortinato-fibrillose and adpressedly
squamulose, paler than pileus, mealy at apex ; gills arcuato-
ad fixed, ventricose, crowded, pallid, then olivaceous.
In fir plantations. On the ground in mixed wood.
Pass of Killiecrankie.
580. A. (inocybe) plumosus, Bolt. (p. 253); l-li in.
581. A. (Inocybe) cincinnatus, Fr. ; somewhat grega-
rious ; pileus ^-1 in, fuscous, slightly fleshy, convexo-plane,
obtusely umbonate, villoso-scaly ; flesh white ; stem solid,
tough, equal, straight, fibrilloso-scaly, fuscous-violaceous ;
gills adnexed or attenuated behind, separating, ventricose,
crowded, fuscous-violaceous.
110 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY.
In woods. Beech woods. Coed Cocli.
582. A. (Inocybe) hsemaetus, B. and Cke. ; pileus 1 in.,
umber, fleshy, compact, obtuse, campanulate, floccosely
fibrillose, disc subsquamulose, darker ; stem solid, smooth,
scarcely fibrillose, whitish above, verdigris-green at base,
nearly equal ; gills adnate, pallid, then clay-colour ; fiesh
everywhere turning blood-red when touched or broken.
On lawn.
583. A. (Inocybe) fasciatus, Ckc. and Mass. ; csespi-
tose; pileus 2-3 in., tawny rufous, at disc silky, clad with
minute darker squarrose scales ; flesh thin ; stem slender,
equal, or a little attenuated below, fibrillose, solid, reddish
within and without at the base, pallid above ; gills crowded,
attenuated in front, rounded behind or slightly sinuate, thin,
soft, pallid.
On the ground. Kew.
II. Laceri. — Pileus torn into scales or fibres, stem coloured,
jxder than jydeiis, fibrillose.
584. A. (Inocybe) pyriodorus, P. (p. 153) ; 2-3 in.
Epping Forest.
585. A. (Inocybe) incarnatus, Bres. ; pileus fleshy,
convex, campanulate, then expanded and gibbon*, or broadly
umbonate, fibrillose, then squamulose ; margin fimbriate,
yellowish, then rufescent or tinged with flesh-colour ; stem
solid, attenuated, somewhat rooting at base, fibrillose, rosy
flesh-colour, white and mealy at apex • flesh white, deep
red when broken ; gills crowded, sinuate, adnate, broad,
fringed at edge, whitish, greyish, cinnamon, then spotted
with red or wholly rufescent.
In woods. Odour strong and persistent of pears.
586. A. (Inocybe) scaber, Midi. (p. 153); \\ in.
AGAPJCINI. * 111
587. A. (Inocybe) maritimus, Fr. ; pileus 1 in., fuscous
or mouse- colour, hoary, hygrophanous, fleshy, somewhat
soft, convex, then flattened, obtuse or umbonate, fibrillose,
adpressedly scaly ; flesh becoming fuscous-grey ; stem
solid, equal, fibrillose, at first with a cortina, paler than
pileus, not pulverulent at apex ; gills rounded-adnexed,
separating, ventricose, fuscous-grey, then becoming ferru-
ginous.
In sand. By roadsides. On sandy ground in woods.
Glamis. Epping Forest.
588. A. Hookeri, Klotsch (p. 154) ; = A. (Psalliota)
echinatus.
589. A. (Inocybe) lacerus, Fr. (p. 154) ; 1 in. Epping
Forest.
590. A. (Inocybe) flocculosus, B. (p. 154) ; 1 in.
591. A. (Inocybe) Bongardii, Weinm. ; pileus 1-2 in.,
fuscous then pale, fleshy, campanulate, obtuse, scaly on
disc, fibrillose towards margin, flesh thin, reddish, stem
solid, rigid, equal, base bulbous, fibrillose, pallid-rufescent,
reddish-silky downwards, white-pulverulent at apex ;
gills adnexed, ventricose, broad, paliid-reddish then cin-
namon.
On sandy ground. Culbin sand-hills. Findhorn, etc.,
May to August. Odour of pears.
592. A. (Inocybe) muticus, Fr. ; pileus 1—2 in.,
whitish, fuscous-fibrillose, fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse,
depressed in centre, somewhat squamulose, dry ; stem
hollow, attenuated downwards, fibrillose, white straw-colour,
then fuscous ; gills adnate, thin, crowded, white, then
slightly fuscous.
By waysides. In shady woods. Coed Coch.
593. A. (Inocybe) carptus, Scop. ; pileus 1 in., dark
112 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUXGOLOGY.
fuscous, fleshy, convex, then flattened, depressed, clothed
with woolly filaments ; stem hollow, attenuated down-
wards, clothed like pileus ; gills ad fixed, ventricose, broad,
brown-fuscous.
In woods. On naked soil. Coed Coch. Taste bitterish-
sweet.
594. A. (Inocybe) deglubens, Fr. ; pileus 1^—2 in., at
first brown-rufescent, then yellow, slightly fleshy, convexo-
plane, obtuse, or obtusely umbouate, adpressedly fibrillose,
fibrils separating ; flesh white ; stem solid, slender, ad-
pressedly scaly-fibrillose, pale, darker with pruina at apex ;
gills obtusely adnate, ventricose, distant, grey, then
cinnamon.
In moist woods. Rare.
595. A. (Inocybe) obscurus, P. (p. 154); 1-2 in.
59G. A. (Inocybe) Rennyi, B. and Br. ; small ; pileus
fawn-coloured, centre brown, hemispherical ; stem atten-
uated downwards, fibrillose.
Hereford.
111. lliMOSi. — Pileus loiKjitudinally Jihrous, soon cracked; stem
irhUish, fibrillose ; many species become yelloio when old.
597. A. (Inocybe) schistus, Cke. and Sm. ; pileus
2-3 in., obtusely campanulate, broadly sub-urabonate, bay-
brown, cracking longitudinally, rather fibrillose ; stem
stout, equal, twisted, solid, paler than pileus ; gills adnate,
with a decurrent tooth, rather broad, rufescent with a pale
serrate margin.
On lawns.
598. A. (Inocybe) flbrosus, Sow. (p. 154) ; o in.
599. A. (Inocybe) perlatus, Cke. ; pileus 3-4 in.,
fleshy, convex, then expanded, broadly umbonate, longitu-
AGARICINI. 113
dinally fibrous with darker fibrils, fuscous, margin paler,
incurved, disc dark bistre, nearly black ; stem solid, equal,
sometimes twisted, striate, dark below when old, pallid and
mealy above, flesh dirty white ; gills adnexed, somewhat
rounded behind, rather broad, pallid, then umber.
On the ground. Eppiug Forest. Near Oxford.
600. A. (Inocype) phsecocephalus, Bull. ; pileus 3 in.,
bay-brown, fuliginous, fleshy, conico-campanulate, umbo-
nate, repand, squamulose ; stem solid, bulbous, same colour
as pileus at top, white below, villous ; gills free, arcuate,
light yellow, then earth colour.
On the ground. In mixed woods. Rare.
601. A. (Inocybe) fastigiatus, Fr. ; (p. 155) 2 in. Epping
Forest.
602. A. (Inocybe) hiulcus, Fr. ; pileus 1-2 in.,
fuscous, then olive, fleshy, at first conical, then expanded,
the more fleshy umbo prominent, adpressedly squamuloso-
fibrillose, cracked ; stem stuffed, slightly firm, equal or
slightly bull)ous, adpressedly fibrillose, squamuloso-mealy
at apex, becoming pale, rufescent when touched, internally
white, then reddish ; gills almost free, with a decurrent
line on stem, soon ventricose. thick, distant, at length plane,
whitish flesh colour, darker at base, then olivaceous-brown.
In woods. In pine woods. Uncommon.
603. A. (Inocybe) Curreyi, B. (p. 155) ; 2 in.
604. A. (Inocybe) rimosus, BuU. (p. 155) ; 1-2 in.
Epping Forest.
605. A. (Inocybe) asterospermus. Quel. ; pileus 1-1^ in.^
bistre, with brown strife, convex, umbonate, cracked ;
stem stuffed, firm, bulbous with a separable cuticle,
reddish, pubescent, with brown strite ; gills emarginate,
ventricose, thin, whitish-bistre, then cinnamon.
n
114 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY.
On the gnjuud in woods. Dinedor. Eppiug Forest.
Odour mouldy.
606. A. (Inocybe) eutheles, B. and Br. ; pileus fawn-
colour, expanded, strongly umbonate, somewhat undulated,
silky shining, somewhat squamulose ; stem solid, fibrous,
somewhat equal, slightly striate, pallid ; gills slightly
toothed, pallid, margin white.
On the ground among fir leaves. Aboyne. Epping
Forest.
607. A. (Inocybe) margarispora, B. ; pileus 2 in.,
campanulate, then expanded, broadly undulated, fawn-
colour, silky, clad with adpressed filjrillose scales ; stem
elongated, equal, pallid, solid, fibrillose ; gills reaching
stem, pallid.
On the ground.
608. A. (Inocybe) destrictus, Fr. ; pileus l-|-2i in.,
pallid, then rufescent, fleshy, campanulato-couvex then
flattened, umbonate, at length depressed round fuscous
umbo, fibrillose, torn into scales ; flesh thin, white ; stem
solid, rather soft, somewhat equal, smooth, fibrilloso-striate,
becoming reddish, mealy at apex ; cortina thin, fugacious ;
gills uncinato-adnate, crowded, thin, broad, whitish then
grey cinnamon.
On the ground. In pine woods. Coed Coch. Epping
Forest. Odour unpleasant.
609. A. (Inocybe) perbrevis, Weinm. ; pileus 1 in.,
rather fleshy, convex, obtusely umbonate, fibrous or
squamose, margin rather striate, at length cracked ; stem
stuffed, short, pallid, clad with white fibrils, somewhat
attenuated at base, gills uncinately adnexed, rather distant,
■whitish, then tawny or clay-colour.
In shady woods.
AGARICINI. 115
610. A. (Inocybe) descissus, Fr. ; pileus 1 in.,
whitish, then pallid fuscous, slightly fleshy, conical then
campanulate, split into radiate cracks when expanded ;
fragile, fibrilloso-striate at margin ; stem hollow, fragile,
equal, undulated, somewhat fibrillose, white-pulverulent at
apex, white ; gills somewhat free, crowded, thin, linear,
pallid then fuscous,
In woods. In pine woods. Rare.
Var. auricomus, Batsch (p. 155).
611. A. (Inocybe) Trinii, Weinm. ; pileus \ in.,
whitish-rufescent then tawny, slightly fleshy, hemispherical,
obtuse, longitudinally rufescent-fibrillose, scarcely cracked ;
stem stuff'ed, equal, slender, laxly rufous-fibrillose, white-
mealy ; gills rounded, ventricose, edge white-floccose.
In grassy places. In mixed woods. Rare. Clove
scented.
IV. Velutini. — Pileus not cracked, cuticle Jibrillose-tcoven, becoming
even or adpressedhj scaly, disc even; stem polished, smooth,
whitish, merely at ajjex.
612. A. (Inocybe) sambucinus, Fr. ; pileus 2^ in.,
white or pallid yellow, fleshy, firm, convex then expanded,
often repand, obtuse, fibrilloso-silky, becoming even ; flesh
white ; stem solid, stout, obese, equally clavate at base,
often decumbent, striate, smooth, white, slightly pruinose at
apex; gills slightly aduexed, crowded, ventricose, whitish,
sometimes at length brown.
In pine woods. Perth.
613. A. (inocybe) caesariatus, Fr. ; gregarious, some-
what csespitose; pileus 1^ in., dull-tawny, fleshy, convex
then expanded, gibbous, repand, silky-even at disc, silky at
margin ; flesh thin, white ; stem solid, unequal, somewhat
116 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY.
twisted, somewhat thickened at base, pruinose, pallid ; gills
aduate, then crowded, ventricose, whitish-fuliginous, edge
same colour.
In beech woods. Coed Coch.
614. A. (Inocybe) lucifugus, Fr. (p. 156) ; 1 in.
615. A. (Inocybe) sindonius, Fr. (p. 156).
616. A. (Inocybe) Clarkii, B. and Br. ; pileus \ in.,
white, campanulate, silky ; stem stuffed ; somewhat equal,
slightly thickened at base ; flocculose ; gills adnexed,
white-margined.
On the ground. In shady places. Street, Somerset.
617. A. (Inocybe) geophyllus, Soiv. (p. 156); h in.
Epping Forest.
618. A. (Inocybe) scabellus, Fr. ; gregarious ; pileus
2 in., fuscous or rufesceut, slightly fleshy, conical then
expanded, umbouate, silky-fibrillose or torn into scales
outside umbo ; flesh dingy ; stem stuffed or hollow, then
equal, smooth, rufescent or pale, slightly pruinose at apex ;
gills adnexed, somewhat ventricose or linear and narrow,
somewhat crowded, dingy then fuscous.
Among short grass. Little Orme's Head, etc.
619. A. (Inocybe) violaceo-fuscus, Cke. and Mass. ;
subcsespitose ; pileus 1—2 in., flocculose, fibrillose, concen-
trically squamose, dry, umber; margin thin, torn and flm-
briate ; stem solid, violet above, within and without, pallid
below, smooth or sdky, equal, flesh pallid when old ; gills
broad, scarcely crowded, adnate or emarginate, violet, then
umber, margin paler, serrulate, veil at first whitish.
Among grass, in open places. Forest of Dean.
AGARICINI. 117
V. VisciDi. — Pileus becoming even, viscid.
620. A. (Inocybe) trechisporus, B. ; pileus 1 in., umbo
tawny, margin paler, with a livid tinge, somewhat membra-
naceous, convex, strongly umbouate ; margin thin, at first
viscid, soon dry and silky ; stem white, slightly striate under
a lens and mealy, nearly equal, except at the base, the outeif
coat of which is cottony ; gills emarginate, ventricose,
pinkish grey ; margin denticulate.
In woods, among fern.
621. A. (Inocybe) vatricosus, Fr. ; pileus i in., slightly
fleshy, convex, then plane, obtusely umbonate, even, smooth,
viscid, when dry shining and slightly silky round margin ;
stem fistulose, equal, curved, and contorted, white, white-
villous at base and wholly white pulverulent ; gills adnexed,
broadly emarginate, broad, white, then fuscous.
On dead stumps and naked soil. Bodelwyddan.
622. A. (Inocybe) Whitei, B. and Br. ; pileus tawny ;
margin white and slightly viscid, convex, hemispherical ;
cortina shining-white, fibrillose, at length expanded and
tawny ; stem solid, shining-white, then tawny and smooth ;
gills adnexed, at first shining-white.
In pine wood. Rannoch.
623. A. (Inocybe) tricholoma, A. and S. ; pileus ^-1 in.,
whitish, slightly fleshy, orbicular, plane, depressed in centre,
fibrillose with while adpressed, at length obsolete hairs,
fringed at margin with strigose hairs, viscid when moist,
shining when dry ; flesh thin, white ; stem stufi^ed, thin,
slightly attenuated upwards, whitish, fibroso-scaly at apex ;
gills decurrent, thin, crowded, pallid fuscous, then clay-
fuscous.
In mixed woods. Herts.
118 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY.
Subgenus 27. Hebeloma (p. 152).
Margin of pileus at first incurved, cuticle continuous, smooth,
somewhat viscid, the partial veil fibrillose or obsolete ; stem
fleshy, fibrous, somewhat mealy at apex ; gills sinuato-adnate,
edge more or less of a different coloui-, whitish.
Hebeloma, with Inocybe, corresponds with Tricholoma and
Entoloma. Spores somewhat clay colour, not white or rosy.
I. Indusiati. — Furnished loith a cortina, hy which the 2nleios is
often sujierficially silky at the margin.
624<. A. (Hebeloma) mussivus, Fr.; pileus 2-4 in.,
yellow, sometimes darker at disc, fleshy, compact, convex,
theu plane, unequal, obtuse, viscid, at first even, then re-
pand and squamulose ; margin infiexed, at length repand;
flesh yellow; stem fleshy, stuft'ed, or hollow at apex, fibril-
lose and pruinate at apex, light yellow ; veil fibrillose, fuga-
cious; gills emarginate, somewhat crowded, dry, at first
yellow, then somewhat ferruginous.
In pine woods. Ascot.
625. A. (Hebeloma) fastibilis, Fr. ; somewhat caespitose ;
pileus 2 in., pale yellowish or tan, becoming paler, fleshy,
convexo- plane, obtuse, somewhat repand, even, smooth ;
margin involute, pubescent ; stem solid, fleshy fibrous,
stout, often twisted and sub-bulbous, white-silky and fibril-
lose, pallid, white-scaly upwards ; cortina white, occasionally
ring-like ; gills emargiuate, somewhat distant, rather broad,
at first pale white, then dingy clay colour, edge whitish, dis-
tilling drops in rainy weather.
In woods. Ei)piiig Forest. Odour nauseous. Poisonous.
Often mistaken for the true mushroom.
626. A. (Hebeloma) glutinosus, Lind. ; pileus 3 in.,
vellow-white, disc darker, fleshy, convex then plane, regular,
AGAEICINI. 119
obtuse, with a tenacious viscous gluten, slimy in wet
weather, sprinkled with white superficial squamules ; flesh
whitish then light yellow; stem stuffed, firm, somewhat
bulbous, white-squamulose and fibrillose, white-mealy at apex,
often strigose at base, at length ferruginous within ; partial
veil manifest as a cortina ; gills sinuato-adnate, somewhat
decurrent, crowded, broad, pallid, light yellowish, then clay-
cinnamon.
On branches and among leaves of oak and beech.
627. A. (Hebeloma) testaceus, Batsch (p. 157) ; 1^ in.
628. A. (Hebeloma) flrmus, P. ; 2-3 in., brick-red,
fleshy, campanulate, then flattened or depressed, umbonate,
the broad umbo darker, thin at circumference, even,
smooth, viscid ; stem solid, firm, commonly attenuated and
darker downwards, clothed with white floccose squamules ;
cortina white, gills rounded, crowded, thin, dry, clay colour,
ferruginous, white-serrulated at edge.
In fir woods. Laxton Park.
629. A. (Hebeloma) claviceps, Fr. ; pileus pallid,
convex then expanded, fleshy at the gibbous disc, even,
naked ; stem stuffed, equal, white-mealy, fuscous down-
wards; gills emarginate ; crowded, dry, pallid.
In mixed woods. Uncommon.
630. A. (Hebeloma) punctatus, Fr. ; gregarious ;
pileus 1-2 in., fleshy, convex, plane, disc gibbous, darker
and viscoso-papillose, at length depressed, becoming pale
round centre ; at first superficially silky round margin
with the whitish fibrillose veil ; stem at first hollow, equal,
dry, pallid, white-pruinose at apex, otherwise silky-fibrillose
with adpressed veil ; gills arcuato-adnate, slightly ventri-
cose, crowded, entire, narrow, plane, pallid.
In pine woods. Uncommon.
120 OUTLINKS or HIUTISH FUNCOLOGV.
G31. A. (Hebeloma) versipellis, Fr. ; somewhat Cisspi-
tose ; pileus 1-3 iu., fleshy, convexo-plane, with a tenacious
glutinous pellicle, pale at disc ; margin glued with white-
silky villous down ; stem hollow, tough, equal ; white-silky
with the cortina, white-mealy above ; gills rounded,
crowded, thin, arid, almost white, pallid then clay-
cinnamon.
In grassy places, among fir leaves. Uncommon.
632. A. (Hebeloma) mesophseus, Fr. ; pileus 1 in., pale
yellowish, disc brownish, slightly fleshy, conical then convex,
plane or depressed, smooth, viscous ; stem somewhat fistu-
lose, tough, equal, fibril lose, whitish then ferruginous,
fuscous at base, pruinose at apex ; cortina thin, fugacious ;
gills rounded or emarginate, crowded, thin, dry, clay ferru-
ginous, edge entire, same colour.
In woods. Epping Forest. In pine woods. Un-
common.
Var. minor, Cke. ; smaller than type.
633. A. (Hebeloma) subeollariatus, B. and Br. ; pileus
1 in., pallid, somewhat fuscous in centre, somewhat fleshy,
convex, slightly glutinous, fioccose veil vanishing ; stem
stuffed, at length delicately fistulose, brown at base and
pulverulent ; gills ventricose, separating, forming a short
interrupted collar, clay-colour, shining white at edge.
On naked soil. Sibbcrtoft.
634. A. (Hebeloma) senescens, Batsch ; pileus 3 in.,
ochraceous- tawny, convex then flattened, slightly glutinous,
delicately tomentose and white at extreme margin ; flesh
white ; stem solid, at first bulbous and fuscous downwards,
then, with exception of shining white tomentose apex, squa-
mulose ; gills adnexed, crowded, pallid then cinnamon.
Among fir trees. Gwrwch Castle. Corstorphine.
AGAKICINI. 121
II. Denudati. — Pileus smooth, at first with no cortina.
635. A. (Hebeloma) sinapizans, Fr.; pileus 3-5 in.,
clay colour, pale yellowish at disc, fleshy, compact, convex
then plane, obtuse, repand, and often excentric, even,
slightly viscid ; flesh white ; stem stout, rigid, somewhat
solid, equal or fusiform, fibrilloso-striate, white, squamulose
at apex ; gills emargiuate, crowded, fragile, opaque clay-
cinnamon, dry, unspotted.
In moist woods. Under trees in a field. Epping
Forest.
636. A. (Hebeloma) crustuliniformis, Bull. (p. 157).
Var. minor, Cke. ; smaller than type. Epping Forest.
637. A. (Hebeloma) elatus, Batsch ; pileus 3 in., tan-
colour, fleshy, convex then flattened, obtuse, even, smooth,
viscid, opaque, paler when dry ; margin thin ; stem stuffed,
equal, cylindrical, tense and straight, twisted, adpressedly
fibrillose, pale whitish, white-mealy at apex ; gills rounded
with a decurrent tooth, crowded, dry, pale cinnamon.
In pine woods, among moss and leaves.
638. A. (Hebeloma) longicaudus, P. (p. 157) ; li-2in.
Var. radicatus, Cke. ; stem fusiform, rooting.
639. A. (Hebeloma) lugens, Jungh. ; pileus 2-3 in.,
brown, becoming somewhat yellow, fleshy, convexo-plane,
smooth, somewhat viscid ; stem solid, shining, fibrilloso-
striate, somewhat bulbous, white-mealy at apex ; gills some-
what free, fragile, crowded, pallid, then ferruginous, crenu-
late, darker at edge.
Under beech. Lyndhurst. Odour strong.
640. (A. Hebeloma) truneatus, Schceff. ; pileus 2-3 in.,
somewhat rufous, paler at margin, fleshy, compact, convex
then flattened, obtuse, undulato-repand, irregular, smooth.
122 OUTLINES OF BKITISII FUNGOLOGY.
margin at first iuflexed, naked ; flesh thick, white ; stem
solid, equal, white, pruinatc under a lens; gills emarginato-
fiee, drv, white, pale or flesh-white, then watery ferru-
ginous.
On grassy banks. Daugsteiu.
641. A. (Hebeloma) nudipes, Fr. ; pileus 2 in., pale tan
or clay colour, fleshy, convex then flattened, obtuse, unequal,
even, viscid, margin at first inflexed, then ascending ; thin,
exceeding the gills ; flesh watery, then white ; compact at
disc; stem solid, fibrous, equal, straight or curved, smooth,
naked above, white ; gills emarginate, crowded, dry, tan
colour.
In woods. Coed Coch.
642. A. (Hebeloma) ischnostylus, Cke. ; pileus 1-2 in.,
white or slightly pallid at disc, convex then expanded,
broadly umbonate, slightly viscid, even ; margin thin ; stem
solid, equal, or slightly thickened at base, smooth, naked ;
gills rounded behind, adnate, slightly serrate at margin,
whitish then clay-colour.
On the ground among grass. Shrewsbury.
643. A. (Hebeloma) nauseosus, Cke. ; pileus l-l^ iu.,
more or less expanded, even, smooth, viscid, ochrey-white ;
stem equal or slightly attenuated below, same colour, mealy
above, faintly striate downwards, and in decay turning
black at base, solid ; gills ventricose, sinuate, very broad,
rather distant, pallid, then clay-colour, at length ferru-
ginous.
On the ground in mixed woods. Park End, Forest of
Dean. Foetid.
644. A. (Hebeloma) capnioeephalns, Ball. ; pileus fleshy,
convexo-plane, obtuse, even, smooth ; margin at length
becoming blackish ; stem stuffed, attenuated downwards.
AGAEICINI. 123
reddish-fibrilloso- striate, becoming pale ; gills emarginate,
broad, ferruginous.
On the ground.
III. PusiLLi. — Filer's scarcely an inch broad.
645. A. (Hebeloma) magnimamma, Fr. ; pileus with a
fleshy disc, extended in a mammiform umbo, not hygro-
phanous, convexo-plane, circumference thin, naked, brick-
red, growing pale ; stem obsoletely fistulose, equal, smooth,
naked, pale gilvous; gills obtusely adnate, crowded, pallid,
then ferruginous.
On the ground, amongst grass.
6-i6. A. (Hebeloma) petigenosus, Fr. ; pileus \ in., rather
fleshy, conical or convex, then expanded, dry, disc swollen,
brown, circumference silky-grey ; stem stufi'ed, tough, slen-
der, pulverulent, brick-red ; gills free, ventricose, yellow,
then olive-bay.
On the ground in beech woods.
Subgenus 28. Flammula (p. 157).
Flammvila corresponds with Clitocybe and Clitopilus; spores
ferruginous, fuscous-ferruginous or tawny ochraceous, not
white or rosy.
I. Gymnoti, — Veil none ; pileus dry, generally squamidose.
647. A. (Flammula) gymnopodius, Bull. ; csespitose ;
dark ferruginous ; pileus 2-3 in., broad, fleshy, campauulato-
convex, squamulose ; stem solid, then smooth, equal; gills
decurrent, arcuate, crowded.
On pine sawdust, Munstead.
648. A. (Flammula) vinosus, Bull. ; pileus ferruginous-
brown, fleshy, expanded, at length depressed, dry, delicately
124 OUTLINES OF BRITIISII FUNGOLOGY.
flocculose ; stem solid^ firm, somewhat thickened at base,
delicately flocculose; gills decurrent, crowded, simple,
narrow, ferruginous.
Oil the ground. Morfa, Couway. Rare.
649. A. (Plammula) floccifer, B. and Br. ; caespitose ;
pileus 2 in., tawny, sprinkled with white fibrils, somewhat
fleshy, convex, expanded, flesh tawny at the edge and
beneath the cuticle, elsewhere white; stem fistulose, at-
tenuated upwards, white, with silky scales, umber within,
furfuraceous near pileus ; gills moderately broad, rouuded
behind, adnate, scarcely ventricose, wrinkled transversely,
ferruginous, edge white.
On lime stumps. Colleyweston.
650. A. (Flammula) decipiens, Sm. ; somewhat fascicu-
late; pileus 1 in., rich brown, becoming pale, umbo almost
white, fleshy, convex, dry, minutely squamulose ; flesh
golden yellow ; stem rich tawny, bright brown at base,
often swollen, attenuated downwards, twisted, striate ; gills
decurrent, crowded, moderately broad, luminous brown.
On burnt earth, charcoal, etc. Epping Forest.
651. A. (Flammula) clitopilus, Cke. and Sotv. ; pileus
2 in., rather fleshy, convex, disc depressed and umbilicate,
smooth, dry, purplish brown ; stem ventricose, erect, hollow,
fuliginous, with a few scattered fibrils towards base, brown
within ; gills scarcely crowded, ventricose, slightly adnexed,
pallid.
Among firs.
652. A. (Flammula) purpuratus, Cke. and Mass. ; pileus
1-2 in., fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtusely umbonate,
purple or purple-brown, clad with minute floccose scales of
same colour ; stem curved, equal, smooth and pallid above,
purple below and granulose, solid ; flesh pale yellowish
AGARICIXI. 125
above, purplish below; ring fibrillose; gills adnate, some-
what rounded behind, not crowded, lemon-yellow, at length
bright-ferruginous.
On tree fern stems. Kew. Taste very bitter.
653. A. (Flammula) nitens, Cke. and Mass. ; cfespitose ;
pilous 1-1 2 in., hemispherical, convex, then expanded,
obtuse, shining, dry, somewhat silky, purple-brown ; stem
equal, solid, flesh-colour, fibrillose ; gills crowded, adnate ;
margin entire, pallid, then umber.
On the ground. Carlisle.
654. A. (Flammula) ochrochlorus, Fr. ; casspitose ; pi-
leus fleshy, convex then plane, obtusely umbonate, dry,
minutely silky, rather squamulose, greenish straw-colour;
stem hollow, squamose, clad with white flocci, flexuose at
base and ferruginous within ; gills adaate, crowded, whitish,
then greenish, at length olivaceous.
On old trunks. Scarborough.
II. LuBRici. — Pileii^ covered ivith a viscous pellicle, cortina
fihi'illose.
655. A. (Flammula) lentus, P. (p. 158) ; 2-3 in.
656. A. (Flammtda) lubricus, Fr. ; pileus 2-4 in.,
bright cinnamon, tough, fleshy, convex, then flattened,
obtuse, occasionally depressed and repand, even, viscous,
thin towards margin; flesh white; stem solid, equal or
slightly attenuated upwards, dry, laxly fibrillose, whitish, at
length fuscous, pubescent at base ; gills adnate, somewhat
decurrent, crowded, pallid, then clay-colour.
On trunks. Tunbridge Wells.
657. A. (Flammula) lupinus, Fr. ; pileus 3-4 in., tan-
fuscous, fleshy, convex, obtuse, then piano-depressed, even,
covered with a viscous separable pellicle ; flesh soft, white ;
126 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FL'NGOLOGY.
stem curt, firm, thickened upwards or downwards, whitish
at apex, otherwise ferruginous, with deuse ad pressed fibrils,
stuffed or hollow, becoming ferruginous ; gills adnato-
decurrent, moderately crowded, broad, clay-colour.
In grassy places. In pastures. Glamis. Odour strong
and bitter.
658. A. (Flammula) mixtus, Fr. ; pilcus 1-2 in., dull-
tan, fiesby, convexo-plane, obtuse, even, disc minutely
wrinkled with gluten, paler towards margin ; stem tough,
hollow, equal, flexuose, whitish, clothed with reflexed rufous-
fuscous scales, somewhat thickened at base ; cortina fibril-
lose; gills somewhat decurrent, broad, somewhat crowded,
white then clay-colour, unequal at edge.
In pine and mixed woods. Epping Forest. Rare.
659. A. (Flammula) juncinus, Sm. ; pileus li in., sul-
phury yellow, disc rich brown, fleshy, hemispherical ; stem
elongated, thin, attenuated downwards, clothed with a few
fibres; gills broad, very thin, red-brown.
On dead bullrushes. N. Wootton. Taste disagreeable,
nauseous, bitter.
660. A. (Flammula) gummosus, Lasch ; pileus 1-2 in.,
pallid light yellow, becoming greenish, at length ferrugi-
nous, paler at circumference, fleshy, cainpauulate, soon
flattened, smooth, obtuse or depressed, covered with a sepa-
rable viscid cuticle, sprinkled with superficial floccose scales ;
flesh thin, yellow ; stem stuffed or hollow, equal, straight,
rigid, silky-fibrillose, rod-brown at base, paler upwards ;
gills adnate, crowded, narrow, whitish, light yellow, then
cinnamon.
On old stumps. Botanic Garden, Cambridge. Epping
Forest.
661. A. (Flammula) spumosus, Fr, ; pileus 2 in., pallid
AGAKICINI. 127
light yellow, disc darker, slightly Heshy, convex, then plaue,
somewhat umbonate, covered with a viscous separable
pellicle, naked ; flesh watery, pale greenish yellow ; stem
hollow, thin, attenuated downwards, light yellow, fibrillose,
furnished with a cortina ; gills adnate, crowded, light yellow,
then ferruginous.
In fir woods and on sawdust. Rare. Epping Forest.
66.2. A. (Flammula) carbonarius, Fr. ; gregarious ; pi-
leus 1 in., tawny, fleshy, convex, then plane, often depressed
at the disc, even, smooth, viscous ; margin inflexed ; flesh
slightly firm, yellow ; stem somewhat fistulose, rigid, equal
or slightly thickened upwards, fibrilloso-squamulose, pallid,
often blackish at base; cortina fibrillose, fugacious; gills
adnate, crowded, rather broad, becoming fuscous clay-
colour.
On charcoal and burnt earth. Epping Forest.
III. Uni. — Cuticle of pileus eontinuous, not separable ; cortina
663. A. (Flammula) Alius, Fr. ; pileus 2-3 in., fleshy,
thin, convex, then plane, smooth, pale orange-red with
rufous disc, moist after rain, gilvous ; stem fistulose, long,
smooth, pallid, reddish at base and within ; gills adnate,
rather crowded, white, then pallid.
On the ground in woods.
664. A. (Flammula) fusus, Batsch ; pileus 2 in., some-
what brick-colour, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, even,
smooth, slightly viscid ; flesh firm, pallid ; stem firm, stuffed,
attenuated, fusiform, rooting, fibrilloso-striate, pallid ; gills
somewhat decurrent, not very crowded, pallid or light
yellow, then ferruginous.
On the ground and on stumps and logs. Worthing.
128 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNCxOLOGY.
665. A. fFlammula) astragalinus, Fr. ; somewhat Cfespi-
tose ; pileus 2 in., blood-satt'rou or golden-flesh-colour, darker
at the disc, fleshy, convex, then flattened, obtuse, moist,
even, at first slightly silky round margin ; flesh firm, same
colour, ofteu becoming black when wounded ; stem stuffed,
then hollow, equal or attenuated downwards, fiexuose, scaly,
fil)rillose, pallid ; cortina appendiculatc, white ; gills adnate,
crowded, broad, pallid light yellow, edge fiocculose when
young.
On pine and fir stumps. Bothiemurchus. Glamis,
666. A. (Flammula) alnicola, Fr. ; pileus 2-3 in.,
yellow, then ferruginous and greenish, fleshy, convex, then
flattened, obtuse, slimy, at first slightly fibrillose towards
margin ; flesh same colour ; stem stuffed, then hollow,
attcuuato-rooted, commonly fiexuose, fibrillose, yellow, then
ferruginous ; cortina fibrillose or arachnoid ; gills somewhat
adnate, broad, plane, at first dingy yellowish-pallid, at length
ferruginous.
On stumps. Rare. Epping Forest. Odour and taste
bitter.
A. (Flammula) flavidus, Sr//(pjf. (p. 158) ; 1-5 in.
667. A. (Flammula) inauratus, Sin. ; pileus 1 in., fleshy,
moist, smooth, furnished with a distinct veil ; stem some-
what hollow, incurved, clothed with innate scales ; gills
adnate, with a decurrent tooth, broad, pale yellowish clay-
colour.
On willows. North Wootton.
668. A. (Flammula) conissans, Fr. ; csespitose ; pileus
|-3 in., light yellowish tan, fleshy, thin, hemispherico-
expanded, obtuse, smooth, moist ; flesh white ; stem hollow,
equal or attenuated downwards, often compressed, irregu-
lar, twisted, light yellow-white, white-villous at base ; cor-
AGAEICIXI. 129
tiaa silky-fibrillose, appendiculate ; gills aduate, with a
decurrent tooth, very crowded, linear, whitish, at length
fuscous-clay colour.
669. A. (Flammula) inopus, Fr. (p. 158) ; 2-4 in.
Epping Forest.
A. (Flammula) apicreus, Fr. ; somewhat csespitose ;
pileus yellow, then pale and tan, disc tawny, fleshy, thin,
rather plane, even, smooth, moist ; stem hollow, equal, not
rooted, ferruginous fibrils at base ; gills adnate, crowded,
thin, shining, ferruginous.
Ou rotten trunks. In pine wood. Glamis.
IV. Sapinei. — Pileus scarcely pelliculose, not viscous ; gills light
yellovj, then tcnony.
670. A. (Flammula) hybridus, Fr. (p. 158) ; 2 in.
Epping Forest.
671. A. (Flammula) sapineus, Fr. ; somewhat csespi-
tose ; pileus 1-4 in., golden-tawny, opaque at disc, paler and
shining towards margin, fleshy, compact, hemispherical,
then convexo-plane, obtuse, dry, floccoso-squamulose or
rimoso-scaly ; flesh firm, then soft, yellow ; stem stout,
irregular, fleshy-fibrous, sulcate, lacunose, naked, pallid
yellow, turning fuscous when bruised, rooting ; gills adnate,
crowded, golden, at length tawny-cinnamon.
On pine-branches, chips, and sawdust, and on charcoal
heaps in woods. Uncommon.
672. A. (Flammula) liquiritise, P. ; gregarious ; pileus
1-3 in., bay-brown or orange-tawny, then pale, slightly
fleshy, convex, then flattened, somewhat umbonate, even,
smooth, moist, margin at length flaccid and striate ; flesh
thin, yellow ; stem hollow, attenuated upwards, often un-
equal and curved, striate, almost naked, tawny, then ferru-
I
130 OUTLINES OF BltlTISII FUNGOLOGY.
ginous, yellow-tawny within, thickened and villous at base ;
gills obtusely adnate, sometimes rounded, separating, plane,
crowded, golden, then tawny.
On larch trunks. On fir, Mattishall. Taste sweet,
like liquorice.
673. A. (Plammula) picreus, Fr. ; c?espitose ; pileus
1 in., rufous or bay-brown-cinnamon, then pale and tawny,
slightly fleshy, campanulate, then convex, obtuse, regular,
even, smooth, moist ; flesh thin, same colour as pileus,
stem fistulose, slightly attenuated upwards, tense, straight,
umber, white-pulverulent ; gills ascending, crowded, narrow,
yellow, then ferruginous, adnate or decurrent, separating.
On old deal boards and pine stumps. Rare.
V. Sericelli. — Furnished v:ith a cortina, pileus sUglitlij silky,
dry, or at first viscid.
074. A. (Flammula) helomorphus, F/\ ; pileus ^-f in.,
white, fleshy, convexo-plane, gibbous or umbonate, viscid,
then adpressedly fibrilloso-even, the thin unequal margin
inflexed, naked ; stem solid, equal, base incurved, even,
smooth, whitish ; gills plano-decurrent, very crowded,
whitish-clay-colour.
In fir woods. Mossburnford.
675. A. (Flammula) scambus, Fr. (p. 157) ; i-l in.
(570. A. (Flammula) flliceus, Cke. ; pileus fleshy, con-
vexo-plane, minutely squamuloso-fibrillose ; stem stuffed,
equal, slender ; veil adhering to stem and margin of piieus
in reddish fugacious threads ; gills crowded, adnate, sulphur-
yellow, at length tawny-cinnamon.
On old tree-fern stems.
AGAKICINI. 131
Subgenus 29. Xaucoria (p. l.")i)).
Pileus more or less fleshy, convexo-plane or conical ; margin at
first inflexed ; veil none or fugacious, squamulose ; stem
cartilaginous, tistulose or spongy-stuffed ; gills free, or adnate,
not decurrent.
Naucoria corresponds with Collybia and Leptonia, spores
brown, not white or rosy.
I. Gymnoti. — Pileus smooth ; veil none.
* Gills free or sliglitly adnexed.
677. A. (Naucoria) lugubris, Fr. ; often cfespitose ;
pileus 2-3 in., pallid^ ferruginous, then brown, fleshy, cam-
panulate, then expanded, gibbous, even, smooth ; flesh
white; stem long, attenuated, fusiform, stuffed with a
spongy pith, cartilaginous, rigid, smooth, pallid at top,
ferruginous downwards ; gills free, ventricose, broad behind,
crowded, pallid, then ferruginous, edge serrated.
In a mountain fir wood. Coed Coch.
678. A. (Naucoria) festivus, Fr. ; pileus submembrana-
ceous, globoso-campanulate, umbilicate, punctulate ; margin
incurved, somewhat lobed ; stem fistulose, slender, silky-
fibrillose, white ; gills attenuated, adnate, ascending, slightly
lobed, cinnamon.
On the ground, amongst firs.
679. A. (Naucoria) obtusus, Cke. and Mass. ; pileus
1 in,, campanulate, obtuse, smooth, becoming faintly striate
at margin, rufous, becoming paler ; stem equal, fistulose,
flesh-colour, darker within, especially at base, smooth ; gills
broadly adnate, or with a tooth, broad, ventricose, with a
serrate edge.
On the ground. Scarborough,
680. A. (Waucoria) subglobosus, J. and S. ; pileus
132 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUXGOLOGY.
rather fleshy, hemispherical, rather viscid, yellowish ; stem
thiu, becoming hollow, equal, short, longitudinally striate ;
gills very broad, nearly free, rhomboidal, convex, ochraceous
flesh-colour.
On the ground. Epping Forest. Dr. Cooke considers
this plant to be a Nolanea with pale salmon-coloured, not
ochraceous, spores ; some species of Flammula have tawny-
ochraceous spores.
G81. A. (Naucoria) hamadryas, Fr. ; pileus lv-2 in.,
bay-brown-ferruginous, then pale yellowish, slightly fleshy,
convex, then expanded, gibbous, even, smooth ; stem hollow,
equal, smooth, pallid, somewhat fragile ; gills attenuato-
adnexed, somewhat free, slightly ventricose, crowded,
ferruginous, opaque.
On the ground in woods. Brandon.
682. A. (Naueoria) cidaris, Fr. ; pilous 1-2 in., clay-
cinnamon, then tan, slightly fleshy at disc, membranaceous
round the undulated margin, conical, then campanulate,
smooth, slightly striate at margin ; flesh white when dry ;
stem fistulose, attenuated from apex to base, somewhat
compressed, flexuose, smooth, tough, mostly fuscous-black ;
gills adfixed, separating-free, ascending, ventricose, crowded,
honey-colour or cinnamon-clay.
In pine woods. Hereford,
683. A. (Naucoria) cucumis, P. (p. 159) ; 1-1 i in.
684. A. (Naucoria) anguineus, Fr. ; pileus 2 in., pale
yellowish or rufous, then somewhat tan, slightly fleshy,
campanulate, then convex, gibbous, smooth, with a super-
ficial silky zone near margin when young ; stem somewhat
hollow and flexuose, densely white-fibrillose, bay-brown ;
gills somewhat free, crowded, somewhat linear, dull pallid,
ilien ferruginous..
AGAEICINI. 13;3
In a flower-pot. On the ground. West Lynn.
685. A. (Naucoria) centunculus, Fr. (p. 159) ; J-_^ in.
Epping Forest.
686. A. (Waucoria) horizontalis, Bull. (p. 159); ^ in.
687. A. (l^Taucoria) rimulincola, Rabenh. ; cinnamon ;
pileus hemispherical, umbilicate, plicate, slightly wrinkled-
tomentose; stem somewhat excentric, short, incurved,
somewhat thickened at base ; gills adnexed, somewhat dis-
tant, thick, very broad, whitish^ crenulate.
On twigs. On cut elm. Rannoch.
688. A. (iTaucoria) semiflexus, B. and Br. ; pileus i in.,
chestnut, hygrophanous, moderately fleshy, somewhat cam-
panulate, then hemispherical or flattened above, margin
with a delicate white veil ; flesh white ; stem solid, semi-
horizontal; gills adnexed, distant, tawny.
On the side of a bank. Ascot.
689. A. (Waucoria) rubricatus, B. and Br. ; csespitose ;
white, then tinged with red; the very small pilei at length
rather plane; stems slender.
On decayed bramble-twig. Hereford.
** Gills adnate, 2)ileus convexo-2')lane.
690. A. (nSTaucoria) abstrusus, Fr. ; pileus 1^ in., ferra-
ginous-clay, fleshy, thin, convex, then plane, orbicular, even,
smooth, viscid; flesh watery; stem cartilaginous, tough,
rigid, fistulose, equal, round, straight, polished, naked, pallid-
ferruginous, darker at base ; gills adnate, crowded, plane
cinnamon or watery ferruginous.
On sawdust and in woods. Coed Coch.
691. A. (Waucoria) innoeuus, Lusch ; pileus 1^ in.,
rufous, then pale, slightly fleshy, convex, obtuse, rather
134 OUTLINES OF lilllTISH FUXGOLOGY.
smooth, striate ; stem stufted, white-fibrillose, woolly at
base; gills adaate, somewhat crowded, yellow-ochraceous.
Ou the ground in damp places.
092. A. (Naucoria) cerodes, Fr. ; pileus A-1 iu., watery-
ciuuamou, then tan-colour, somewhat membranaceous, cani-
panulato-convex and flattened, at length depressed, obtuse,
smooth, pellucid-striate at circumference, then even, slightly
silky-atomate ; stem slightly firm, fistulose, equal, some-
what flexuose, becoming bay-brown-fuscous, pallid upwards,
mealy at apex; gills adnate, separating, broad behind,
almost triangular, somewhat distant, pallid, then cinnamon.
On burnt soil. Among moss.
693. A. (Naucoria) melinoid.es, Fr. (p. IGO) ; ^-^ in.
Epping Forest.
G94<. A. (Naueoria) pusiolus, Fr. ; pileus A in., yellow,
somewhat membranaceous, hemispherical, then expanded,
obtuse, smooth, slightly viscid ; stem filiform, fistulose,
tough, flexile, smooth, slightly viscid, shining light-yellow ;
gills adnate, broad, crowded, plane, watery-cinnamon.
Ou the ground. West of England.
*** Gills adnate, pileios ca.mjxmulate thai expanded.
695. A. (Naucoria) nuceus, Bolt. (p. 159) ; i-1 in.
696. A. (J^faucoria) glandiformis, Sm.; pileus 1 in.; at first
obtusely campauulate, becoming somewhat hemispherical, or
filbert- shaped, nut-brown, disc darker, smooth, even ; stem
erect, elongated, equal, stuffed, then hollow, pallid, some-
times twisted ; gills very broad, rounded behind, adnate,
umber.
On the ground.
697. A. (Naucoria) seolecinus, Fr. ; pileus 1 in,, bay-
brown ferruginous, opaque, paler at margin, slightly fleshy,
AGARICIXI. 135
campanulate, theu convex, sometimes umbonate or obtuse,
smooth, fragile, striate at margin ; stem rigid, fistulose,
equal, fiexuose and curved, rufous-ferruginous, at first
white-mealy, base fuscous ; gills adnate, somewhat distant,
l)roader behind, whitish flesh-colour, then ferruginous,
flocculose, edge ciliated.
On moist ground, under alders. Powerscourt, Wicklow.
698. A. (Naucoria) striaepes, Cke. ; pileus 1-H in.,
ochraceous, campanulate, obtuse, then expanded, smooth,
even ; stem hollow, equal, erect or flexuose, white, longitu-
dinally striate ; gills slightly adnate behind, rather distant,
tawny- ferruginous.
Amongst grass on lawn. Kew.
699. A. (Waueoria) sideroides, Bull. ; pileus pale yel-
lowish or cinnamon, then tan- ochraceous, somewhat shining,
slightly fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, umbonate,
smooth, even, slightly viscid ; margin at first incurved and
slightly striate ; stem fistulose or stufted, equal, undulated,
smooth, white-pruinose at apex, pallid, then yellow, ferru-
ginous downwards ; gills adnate, with a decurrent tooth, or
sinuate, crowded, linear, watery, yellow-ochraceous, then
somewhat cinnamon.
On trunks and stumps. On ash. Rare.
700. A. (Naucoria) badipes, Fr. ; pileus ^ in., pale
yellowish-ferruginous, then tan, somewhat membranaceous,
campanulate, theu convex, umbonate, smooth, pellucidly
striate to umbo when moist ; stem fistulose, equal, firm,
flexuose, ferruginous, darker towards naked base, upper
part scaly ; gills adnate, ventricose, thin, somewhat distant,
pale yellowish-ferruginous.
Under larch. Coed Coch.
136 OUTLINES OF BKTTISH FUNGOLOGY.
II. Pn.'EOTi — Pileus tuihed, the 2)artial veil, tJiou(jh fugacioits,
generally visible.
* Pediadei. — Groiving infields and on plains.
701. A. (Naucoria) vervacti, Fi\
A. (Naucoria) triscopus, Fr. ; pileus ^ in., bay-browu,
then ochraceous, opaque, slightly fleshy, hemispherical,
obtuse, then convexo-plane, with a prominent umbo, smooth ;
stem stuffed, then delicately fistulose, filiform, equal, flexuose,
smooth, opaque, ferruginous, umber at base ; gills adnate,
thin, somewhat crowded, dark ferruginous.
On old wood. Kilburn.
702. A. (Naucoria) pediades, Fr. (p. 10) ; 1-2 in.
Epping Forest.
703. A. (Naucoria) arvalis, Fr. ; pileus f-li in., rather
fleshy, tough, convex, then plane, growing pale ; stem fistu-
lose, slightly pulverulent, becoming yellowish, long, fusiform;
gills adnexed, rather distant, tawny, then ferruginous.
On the ground.
704. A. (Naucoria) semiorbicularis, Fr. (p. IGO) ; 1-2 in.
Epping Forest.
705. A. (Naucoria) tabacinus, Dec. ; pileus J— | in.,
umber, then bay-cinnamon, moist, dingy-tan, slightly fleshy,
plane, obtuse at base, involute at margin, smooth ; stem
hollow, attenuated downwards, somewhat flexuose, naked,
darker and fuscous at base ; gills adnate, crowded, linear
or ovate, at length brown-bay-cinnamon.
By waysides, Among short grass. Kew.
** ScoRPioiDEi. — Grouting in moist, uncidtivated, roooded
2)laces.
706. A. (Naucoria) tenax, Fr. ; pileus 1 in., varying
cinnamon, and olivaceous and somewhat fuscous-yellowish,
AGAPJCINI. 137
palC;, somewhat fleshy, gills shining through thin margin,
hemispherical, then expanded, obtusely umbonate, smooth,
viscid ; stem stuffed, then hollow, equal, round, even-
fibrillose, dingy-pallid, light yellowish, then fuscous or
olive; gills adnate, then rounded and somewhat separating,
broad, almost distant, triangular, or oblong, whitish-fuscous,
becoming ferruginous-whitish and entire at edge.
On grassy walks and on sticks. Welford, Northants.
707. A. (Naucoria) myosotis, Fr. ; pileus 1 in., oliva-
ceous or fuscous-green, then pale and light yellow, disc
darker, fleshy, convex, then plane, somewhat umbonate,
with a viscous pellicle ; flesh thin, pallid ; stem fistulose,
slightly firm, equal, flexuose, fibrillose or scaly ; fugitive
cortina fringing the margin ; gills adnate, decurrent, with a
tooth, somewhat distant, broad, pallid umber-olivaceous, then
brown-ferruginous, serrated ; edge white.
In woods. In moist places. Scarborough.
708. A. (Naucoria) temulentus, Fr. ; pileus A— 1 in.,
ferruginous, then ochraceous, hygrophanous, somewhat mem-
branaceous, fleshy at disc, campanulate, then convex, some-
what umbonate, smooth, striate at circumference, then
even ; stem fistulose, with a pith, tough, equal, flexuose, or
undulated on surface, polished, pulverulent at apex, white-
villous at base ; gills adnate, somewhat distant, attenuated
in front, lurid ferruginous, then umber.
In moist open woods. Glamis, etc.
709. A. (Naucoria) latissimus, Cke. ; pileus \-\\ in.,
subglobose, then hemispherical, with a fleshy disc, margin
at first incurved ; stem attenuated downwards, rooting,
hollow, smooth, dark brown below, pallid above ; gills very
broad, rounded behind, slightly adnate, tawny-umber.
In a churchyard.
138 OUTLIXKS OF BRITISH FUXGOLOGV.
III. Lepidoti. — rUeus /lucculose or squamrdose, veil manifest.
* Squamules o/pileus sujjerjicud, separatinr/.
710. A. (Naucoria) porriginosus, Fr. ; pileus rather
fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, viscid, clingy, growing
pale, clad with superficial, evanescent, saffron-coloured flocci ;
stem fistulose, equal, rather soft, silky, becoming smooth,
pallid ; gills adnate, entire, crowded, yellow, then cinnamon.
Amongst twigs.
711. A. (Naucoria) sobrius, Fr. ; pilous \-\ in., honey-
colour, disc darker, then pale, slightly fleshy, convex, obtuse,
smooth, moist, slightly silky ; veil pruinose, fugacious ;
stem fistulose, equal, ferruginous-fuscous downwards, some-
times sprinkled with silky whitish spots from the veil ;
gills broader behind, obtusely adnate, broad, paler than
pileus.
On the ground in mixed woods. Rare.
Var. dispersus, B. and Br. ; pileus |~^ in., ochraceous,
convex, delicately marked with small dots, margin furfura-
ceous ; stem fistulose, thickened upwards or equal ; furfura-
ceous ; ring appendiculate ; gills adnate, pallid white at
margin.
On lawns,
A. inquilinus, Fr. (p. 161). Removed to Tubaria.
No. 711.
A. furfuraeeus, Pers. (p. 161). Removed to Tubaria.
No. 731..
** I 'ileus irith innate squaimdes.
712. A. (Naucoria) erinaceus, Fr. (p. 161) ; i in.
713. A. (Naucoria) siparius, Fr. (p. 161) ; i-i in.
711. A. (Naucoria) conspersus, P. ; gregarious ; pileus
l-l 2 in., bay-brown, or rufous-cinnamon, then ochraceous.
AGAincixi. 139
hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, campanulato-convex, theu
flattened, obtuse, at flrst even, soon furfuraceous and scaly,
fragile; stem fistulose, equal, fibrillose, cinnamon, then
ochraceous, squamuloso-furfuraceous at apex; gills at first
adnata, then emarginato-separating, crowded, linear or ven-
tricose, dark cinnamon^ edge entire, same colour.
In woods and moist places, among leaves. Uncommon.
715. A. (Waucoria) escharoides,Fr.; pileus i in., tan, then
whitish, disc fuscous, slightly fleshy, soft, conico-convex,
soon flattened, obtuse, squamuloso-furfuraceous ; flesh white ;
stem fragile, fistulose, equal, flexuose, adpressedly fibrillose,
pallid, then fuscous, somewhat pruinose at apex ; gills ad-
fixed, decurrent with a tooth, or emarginate, somewhat free,
ventricose, broad, pallid tan, then cinnamon.
On bare damp ground. Apethorpe.
*** Pileus destitute of scales, silk;// or sjyrinJded with atoms.
716. A. (Naueoria) carpophilus, Fr. ; pileus \ in.,
somewhat tan, pallid, whitish, even, hygrophanous, some-
what membranaceous, convex, obtuse, furfurate with shining
atoms or floccoso-squamulose ; stem filiform or capillary,
stufled or obsoletely fistulose, pallid, at first furfuraceous,
then naked ; gills rounded-adnexed, somewhat free, ventri-
cose, broad, somewhat distant, crenulate, pallid, then ochra-
ceous.
On beech mast and leaves. Rare. Epping Forest.
717. A. (Naueoria) graminicola, Nees ; pileus \ in.,
fuscous, then fawn-ochraceous, somewhat membranaceous,
convex, papillate, shaggy tomentose ; stem slender, tough,
hirsute, fuscous ; gills slightly adnexed, somewhat distant,
pallid-ochraceous.
On stalks of grass.
140 OUTLINES OF BrJTISII FUNGOLOGY.
Subgenus 30. Galera (p. 1(;2).
Pileus more or less membranaceous, conical or oval, then ex-
panded, striate, margin at first sti-aiglit, adpiessed to stem ;
veil none or fibrillose; stem somewhat cartilaginous, con-
tinuous with the hymenophoi'e, tubular, somewhat hollow ;
gills not decurrent ; slender, fragile.
Galera corresponds with Mycena and Nolanea, spores ochrey-
ferruginous, not white or rosy.
* CoKOCEPiiALi. — Pileus conico-camjoanulate, hij(jrophanoiis ;
stem straight ; gills ascending sometvhat crowded,
veil none.
718. A. (Galera) lateritius, Fr. (p. 162); 1 iu.
719. A. (Galera) tener, Schccff. (p. 1G2); i iu. Epping
Forest.
720. A. (Galera) siligineus, Fr. ; pileus membranaceous,
globoso-campauulate, then expanded, unequal, even, not turn-
ing pale; stem rather flexuose, equal, pallid, somewhat
pruinose ; gills adnate, broadly linear, rather crowded,
ochre.
On road scrapings. Scarborough.
721. A. (Galera) ovalis, Fr. (p. 162) ; 1 in. Epping
Forest.
722. A. (Galera) antipus, LascJi ; pileus ^-1 in., deep
ochraceous, then pale, almost white, even, smooth, hygro-
phanous, campanulate, then expanded with a slightly
fleshy, prominent disc ; flesh white ; stem pale, striate, mealy,
bulbous at base, with a long rooting stem ; gills almost
free, attenuated behind, crowded, semi-lanceolate, light
yellowish-ochraceous, then cinnamon.
On soil in gardens and on dung. Rare.
723. A. (Galera) confertus, Bolt. (p. 163); 1 in.
724. A. (Galera) sparteus, Fr. (p. 163); ^ in.
AGARICIXI. 141
725. A. (Galera) pygmseo-afl5,nis, Fr.; pileus 1 in.,
somewhat fuscous or honey-colour, then tan, fleshy mem-
brauaceous, campanulate then flattened, dry, delicately
reticulato-wriukled, almost rugged ; stem fistulose, fragile,
equal, shining white, obsoletely pruinose at apex ; gills
slightly reaching stem, crowded, thin, entire, clay
ochraceous, then ferruginous-ochraceous.
In a cucumber house.
** Bryogeni. — Growing mnong moss ; j':)^7e^^s membranaceous,
striate, liyrjroplmnous, gills adnate, someivhat denticulate.
726. A. (Galera) vittseformis, Fr. ; pileus ^-1 in., date-
brown, conical, then hemispherical, striate towards margin,
smooth ; stem fistulose, equal, somewhat straight, opaque,
rubiginous ; gills somewhat distant, watery cinnamon then
ferruginous.
Among moss and grass. Perth.
727. A. (Galera) rubiginosus, P. ; pileus
i_i
in.
cinnamon or honey colour then tan, campanulate, obtuse,
striate throughout, smooth ; stem filiform, fistulose, tough,
flaccid, smooth, shining, bay-brown or dark ferruginous ;
gills broad, distant, ochraceous, often connected by veins.
Among moss. Kew. Epping Forest.
A. embolus, i^r. (p. 163). Removed to Tubaria, No. 738.
728. A. (Galera) hypnorum, Batsch (p. 163), ^-i in. ;
Epping Forest.
Var. sphagnorum, P. ; twice or thrice as large as type,
yellow ochraceous ; disc broad, stem firm, fibrillose, tawny.
On Sphagna.
Var. bryorum, P. ; larger than type, watery cinnamon,
rather horcy.
Among moss.
142 OUTLINES OF BPJTISII FUXGOLOGY.
729. A. (Galera) mniophilus, Lasch ; pileus h \n.,
fuscous-light-yellowish, almost clay colour, campanulate,
almost papillate, striate, disc even ; stem equal, Hexile,
fibrillose, yellow, mealy at apex, iloccose at base ; gills
obtusely adnate, piano-ascending, broad, somewhat distant,
light yellowish-ochraceous, or becoming fuscous-clay-colour.
Among Mnium. Raunoch. Epping Forest.
730. A. (Galera) minutus, Quel. ; pileus ^ in., chamois-
bistre, campanulate ; stem long, somewhat capillary,
smooth, tawny, base webbed-spreading, white ; gills adnato-
arcuate, as broad as long, moderately crowded, yellowisli,
then clay colour, edge whitish.
Among moss. Wrotham, Kent.
*** EiiiODERMEi. — Pileus somewhat membranaceous, veil mani-
fest, su2:)erjicial, sejjarating, at first silky and sqimmulose
at margin.
731. A. (Galera) ravidus, Fr. ; gregarious; pileus
h.-\\ in., greyish, at first campanulato-hemispherical, even,
moist, very hygrophanous, somewhat silky when dry, then
appendiculato-toothed with the white veil, fragile ; stem
fistulose, fragile, equal, pallid, becoming yellowish, silvery-
shining, fibrilloso-striate, somewhat pruinose at apex ; gills
somewhat free, broad, ventricose, distant, ochraceous-saffrou
or pale yellowish.
On the ground among chips.
732. A. (Galera) mycenopsis, Fr. ; pileus \ in., pallid
honey-colour, slightly fleshy-membranaceous, somewhat
globose, campanulate then convexo-plane, gibbous with a
l)roadly elevated, naked, even disc ; striate and silky with
superficial white villous down to middle ; stem fistulose,
attenuated upwards, yellowish but white-silky with ad-
pressed villous down, obsoletely pruinatc at apex ; gills ven-
AGARICINI. 143
tricose, almost triangalar, distant, at first adnexed, at
length somewhat free^ pallid, edge delicately flocculose.
In marshy ground among Sphac/Jia. King^s ClifFe.
Subgenus 3 1 . — Tubaria.
Pileus somewhat membranaceous, often clothed with the universal
floccose veil, sometimes umbilicate or depressed ; stem some-
what cartilaginovis, fistulose ; gills somewhat decui-rent, or
broadest behind and triangular.
Tubaria corresponds with Omphalia and Eccilia; spores ferrugi-
nous or fuscous-ferruginous, not white or rosy.
* Genuini. — Spores ferruginous.
733. A. (Tubaria) cupularis, Bidl. ; piieus 1 in., rufescent
then light yellowish, hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, plano-
depressed,obtuse, even, smooth; stem slender, fistulose, naked,
attenuated upwards, whitish ; gills decurrent, crowded,
tawny.
On the ground. On mountainous heath. Creag
Maoiseach. Strathtay.
734. A. (Tubaria) furfuraceus, P. ; o-l in., removed
from Naucoria.
Var. trigonophyllus, Lasch. ; smaller, growing pale ; gills
very broad, triangular, dingy ochre.
By waysides. Epping Forest.
735. A. (Tubaria) paludosus, Fr. ; pileus i-J in., pale
yellowish-fuscous, silky with superficial, pallid flocci, some-
what membranaceous, at first conical, then convex, umbo-
nate, with a very prominent papilla ; stem attenuated
upwards, fistulose, flexuose, ochraceous, paler and -white-
villous below, flocculose above with remains of veil ; gills
decurrent, broad behind, triangular, with a decurrent
tooth, crowded, thin, watery ochraceous.
On marshy ground among Sphagna.
144 OUTLINES OF BUITLSII FUXGOLOGY.
73G. A. (Tubaria) stagninus, Fr. ; pileus \-l iu., bay-
browu ferruginous, theu ocliraceous, somewhat membrana-
ceous, conical then hemispherical, obtuse, sometimes
slightly depressed in centre, somewhat viscid, slightly
striate, then even, clothed and appendiculate round margin
with floccose, superficial, concentric, white scales ; stem
slightly tough, fistulose, equal, rubiginous then date-brown,
somewhat pruinose at apex ; gills decurrent, broad, tri-
angular, ferruginous.
On marshy ground. Sibbertoft. Epping Forest.
737. A. (Tubaria) pellucidus, Bull. ; pileus rather
fleshy, conic then campanulate, umbonate, cinnamon,
hygrophanous, silky and squamulose at striate margin ;
stem thin, short, attenuated upwards, shining, pruinose at
apex ; gills decurrent, broad behind, triangular, paler.
Among leaves.
738. A. (Tubaria) embolus, Fr. (p. 1G3) ; h'm.; removed
from GaU'.ru.
739. A. (Tubaria) autochthonuB, B. and Br. ; pileus ^ in.,
ochrey-white, obtuse, hemispherical, silky, flocculose at
margin ; stem flexuose, thickened upwards and at the white
woolly base ; gills adnate, with a tooth, horizontal, honey-
coloured.
On naked soil. Wooduewton, Northauts.
* * Pii^oTi. — Sjyores fnscous-ferrwjinous.
740. A. (Tubaria) crobxilus, Fr. ; pileus i-| in., slightly
fleshy, flattened, obtuse, slightly viscid, covered with floc-
cose, somewhat squarrose, separating white scales, then
naked, becoming hoary-tan, shining ; stem fistulose, equal,
flexuose, fuscous, densely beset with white floccose scales ;
AGAPJCINI. 145
gills adnate, somewhat decurrent, crowded, becoming fuscous-
ferruginous.
Among sticks. Welford, Northants.
741. A. (Tubaria) inquilinus, Fr. (p. 161); h in.; re-
moved from Naucoria.
742. A. (Tubaria) muscorum, P. ; pileus membrana-
ceous, convex, depressed in centre, striate, smooth, tawny-
yellow ; stem fistulose, short, same colour, incrassated at
base ; gills rather decurrent, horizontal, paler.
Among moss on heaths. Scarborough.
Subgenus 32, Crepidotus (p. 163).
Pileus excentiic, lateral or resupinate.
Crepidotus coiTesponds with Pleurotus and Claudopus, spores
ferruginous, not white or rosy.
743. A. (Crepidotus) palmatus, Bull. ; pileus fleshy,
compact, convex, then expanded, irregular, smooth, pellicu-
lose, ferruginous : stem excentric or lateral, incurved, firm,
smooth, whitish ; gills fixed to a collar, ventricose, rather
distant, same colour.
On trunks.
744. A. (Crepidotus) alveolus, Lasch (p. 163) ; 2 in.
745. A. (Crepidotus) mollis, Schceff. (p. 164); 1-3 in.
Epping Forest.
746. A. (Crepidotus) applanatus, P. ; pileus watery-
ciunamon, then whitish, very hygrophanous, slightly and
watery-fleshy, soft, fragile, plane and horizontal, extended
straight into a short white tomentose stem, otherwise reni-
form, slightly striate at margin when moist, even when dry, at
length depressed behind and somewhat sessile ; gills ending
determinately behind, crowded, linear, thin, whitish, then
watery-cinnamon .
On decaying wood. Penzance.
146 OUTLINES OF BKITISH FUXGOLOGY.
747. A. (Crepidotus) calolepis, Fr. ; pileus ^ in., slightly-
fleshy, reniform, convex, almost shell-shaped, dimidiate, ses-
sile on a small villous knot, margined with white behind,
variegated with minute, crowded, rufescent scales ; flesh
firm ; gills concurrent at base, rounded behind, comparatively
broad, pallid-fuscous, then fuscous-ferruginous.
On rotten branches. Ou dead wood. Edinburgh Fungus
Show.
748. A. (Crepidotus) haustellaris, Fr. (p. 161); -^1 in.
749. A. (Crepidotus) rubi, Berk. (p. 164) ; ^-^ in.
750. A. (Crepidotus) chimonopliilus, B. and Br.
(p. 164) ; J in.
A. variabilis, P. ; removed to Claudopus, No. 530.
A. dupluens, Batsch ; removed to Claudopus, No, 531.
A. byssisedus, P. ; removed to Claudopus, No. 532.
751. A. (Crepidotus) epibryus, Fr. ; pileus ^ in., shining
white, membranaceous, resupinate, sessile, adnate at vertex,
becoming silky-even; gills concurrent in centre, thin, crowded,
whitish, then pale yellowish.
On mosses, grasses, holly leaves, living Vaccinium, etc.
Coed Coch.
752. A. (Crepidotus) Phillipsii, B. and Br. ; pileus J in.,
slightly umber, opaque, striate, smooth ; stem solid, incurved
at base ; gills shortly adnate, narrow, ventricose.
On grass. Wrekin. Penicuik.
753. A. (Crepidotus) Pezizoides, Nees (p. 165).
754. A. (Crepidotus) epigseus, P. ; pileus reniform, fra-
gile, reddish-grey ; base villous, whitish ; gills distinct,
watery-rufescent, divergent, not red when dry.
On the clay of the marlstoue.
755. A. (Crepidotus) Ralfsii, B. and Br. ; pileus yellow,
semi-reflexed, delicately furfuraceous, slightly hispid, the
AGARICmi. 147
involute margin spreading, adfixed by cottony ilocci ; stem
obsolete ; gills ventricose, clay-colour, margin whitish.
On decaying wood. Penzance.
Series 4. Peatell^. — Spores -jjuiylisJi^ imrijlish-brown, or
dark i^wrplish.
Subgenus 33. Chitonia.
Universal veil distinct from pileus ; hymenopliore distinct
from the stem ; gills free.
Chitonia corresponds with Amanita, Volvaria and Acetabularia,
spores purphsh, not wlaite, rosy or brown.
756. A. (Chitonia) rubriceps, Cke. and Mass. ; pileus
1 in., rather fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, umbonate,
smooth, even, testaceous ; margin faintly striate ; stem
erect, iistulose, paler than the pileus, rooting ; volva sheath-
ing, accate, whitish, torn at margin ; gills free, lanceolate,
rather crowded, purplish-brown ; ring obsolete.
On soil in an Aroid house. Kew.
Subgenus 34. Psalliota (p. 1G5).
Stem ringed, separate from hymenophore ; gills free.
Psalliota corresponds with Lepiota, Annularia and Togaria, spores
purplish-brown, not white, rosy or brown.
* Edules. — Large, fleshy.
757. A. (Psalliota) augustus, Fr. ; pileus 4-5 in., glo-
bose, hemispherical, then expanded, obtuse, disc even, cir-
cumference fibrilloso-squamose ; stem solid, thick, smooth,
attenuated upwards, white, tinged with red if bruised ; ring
superior, broad, externally cracked into angular scales ; gills
crowded, narrow, remote, leaving a collar round stem, pallid,
then brown.
In woods.
758. A. (Psalliota) Elvensis, B, and Br. ; csespitose ;
pileus 6 in., somewhat globose, then hemispherical, fibril-
148 OUTLIXES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY.
lose, broken up into large persistent brown scales, areolate
in centre ; margin very obtuse, thick, covered with pyra-
midal warts ; flesh turning red when cut ; stem solid, stuffed
with delicate threads, at first nearly equal, at length swollen
in centre and attenuated at base, fibrillose and areolate
below, nearly smooth near the pileus ; ring thick, large,
deflexed, broken, areolato-verrucose beneath ; gills free,
brownish flesh-colour.
Under oaks. Bodelwyddan. Esculent.
759. A. (Psalliota) arvensis, Schceff. (p. 166) ; 3-6 in.
Epping Eorest.
Var. villditicus, Brand.; acquiring a large size audvery scaly.
On the ground.
Vai'. purpurascens, Cke. ; pileus becoming tinged with
purple.
In woods, etc.
760. A. (Psalliota) pratensis, Schceff. ; pileus 2-3 in.,
fleshy, ovoid, then expanded, becoming smooth or squamu-
lose, whitish, then cinereous ; stem stuff'ed, thickened at
the base, naked ; ring median, simple, deciduous ; gills free,
narrow, acute, rounded behind, cinereous, at length brown.
In pastures and woods. Odour and taste pleasant.
761. A. (Psalliota) cretaceus, Fr. (p. 167) ; 3 in.
Epping Forest.
762. A. (Psalliota) campestris, L. (p. 165) ; 3 in, Epping
Eorest.
Var. hortensis, Cke. ; pileus fibrillose or squamulose,
brownish.
= Var. elongatus and var. Buchanaui.
These are the cultivated forms of hot beds.
Var. costatus, Fr. ; pileus sulcate, repand.
In woods.
AGAEICIXI. 149
Var. rufescens, B. ; rufous like A. vaccinus ; flesh turn-
ing bright red when bruised,, gills at first white.
In pastures.
Var. exannulatus, Cke. ; ring evanescent or obsolete.
763. A. (Psaliiota) sylvatieus, Schcpjf. (p. 167) ; 3 in.
Epping Forest.
764. A. (Psaliiota) hsemorrhoidarius, Kalch. ; pileus
4 in., rufous-fuscous, fleshy, ovate then expanded, covered
with broad adpressed scales ; margin at first bent inwards ;
flesh when broken immediately blood-red ; stem soon hollow,
fibrillose, adpressedly squamulose below, or mealy ; base
solid, somewhat bulbous ; ring superior, large ; gills free,
approximate, crowded, rosy-flesh-colour, at length purple
umber.
In woods. Lilleshall, Salop.
765. A. (Psaliiota) subgibbosus, Fr. ; pileus 2-3 in.,
rather fleshy, convex, then plane, umbo even, smooth,
circumference silky, fibrillose ; stem hollow, thin ; ring
fugacious ; gills remote, white, then cinereous brown.
In woods.
^ ** MiNORES. — Pileus iliinhj fleshy, not used as food.
7QQ. A. (Psaliiota) comtulus, Fr. ; pileus 1—1^ in.,
yellowish-white, slightly fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse,
adpressedly fibrilloso-silky, becoming even ; flesh thin, soft,
same colour as pileus ; stem hollow, stuft'ed with floccules
when young, somewhat attenuated, even, smooth, white,
becoming somewhat light yellow ; ring median, torn, fuga-
cious, same colour; gills rounded-free, crowded, soft,
broader in front, flesh-colour, rosy, at length fuscous-flesh-
colour.
In woods. Coed Coch.
150 OUTLINES OF lUIlTlSll FUXGOLOGY.
767. A. (Psalliota) sagatus, Fr. ; pilcus 2 in., rather
fleshy, convexo-plaue, even, stnootli, fulvous, rather shiuiug ;
stem hollow, equal, ring distant, spreading ; gills free,
ventricose, umber.
Under beech.
768. A. (Psalliota) echinatus, Both. (p. 167) ; li in.
Subgenus 35. Pilosace.
Hymenophore distinct from stem ; gills free, tit first remote from
stem; without ring or volva.
Pilosace corresponds with Hiatula, Pluteus and Pluteolus,
spores purplish, not white, rosy or brown.
769. A. (Pilosace) Algeriensis, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, com-
pact, smooth, convex, then plane, white ; stem solid, stout,
silky, white ; gills free, narrow, dark purple.
On the ground.
Subgenus 36. Stropharia (p. 1G7).
Hymenophore continuous with the stem ; veil annular ;
gills more or less adnate.
Stropharia coiTCsponds with Armillai-ia and Pholiota, spores
purplish, not white or brown.
A. VisciPF.LLES. — Pellicle of inhus even or scalij, most frequentl i)
viscous.
* IMuNDi. — Growing on the ground, or not on dung.
770. A. (Stropharia) versicolor, With. (p. 167) ; 1-4 in.
771. A. (Stropharia) seruginosus, Citrt. (p. 167) ; 3—1 in.
Eppiog Forest.
772. A. (Stropharia) albo-cyaneus, Desm. (p. 167) ; 1 in.
Epping Forest.
773. A. (Stropharia) inunctus, Fr. ; pileus 1 in., pallid
AGAEICIXI. 151
light yellow^ then livid purple with gluten^ fleshy^ convexo-
plane, somewhat umbonatCj pelliculose^ viscid, smooth,
slightly striate at margin ; flesh thin, soft, white ; stem
fistulose, equal, flexuose, often decumbent, soft, dry,
shining-white, silky-fibrillose below the medial, distant,
fugacious ring ; gills adnate, with a decurrent tooth, whitish,
then becoming fuscous, whitish at the sides when bruised.
In pastures. Ely, Epping Forest, etc.
774*. A. (Stropharia) obturatus, Fr. ; pileus light yellow,
thick, convex, then plane, obtuse, obsoletely viscid, com-
monly dry, even, often rimosely squamulose ; flesh compact,
shining white ; stem firm, stuffed, attenuated downwards,
even, whitish ; ring superior, deflexed, white ; gills adnate,
crowded, plane, white, then purple-umber, often sterile and
remaining white.
On the ground, among grass. Rare.
775. A. (Stropharia) coronillus, Bull. ; pileus fleshy,
hemispherical, then flattened, convex, even, rather viscid,
ochraceous, fulvous, then pale ; margin at first whitish floc-
cose, flesh white ; stem white, stuft'ed, then fistulose, fibril-
lose, attenuated downwards, base equal or slightly bulbous ;
ring adhering to the stem, median, sulcato-plicate ; gills
crowded, sinuately adnate, whitish, purple-violet, then
blackish, edge whitish, pruinose under a lens.
By waysides. Epping Forest. Odour somewhat of
radishes.
776. A. (Stropharia) melaspermuSj^M//. (p. 168); 1-2 in.
777. A. (Stropharia) squamosus, F?'. (p. 168) ; 1-3 in.
Epping Forest,
Var. thraustus, Kalchbr. ; more graceful and slender
than the typical form ; squamules of pileus deciduous, very
fragile and hygrophanous. Epping Forest.
152 OUTLINES OF BEITISII FUNGOLOGY.
Var. aurantiacus, Cke. ; pileus orange or brick-red.
Among grass.
778. A. (Stropharia) Percevali, B. and Br. ; pileus
2 in., ochraceous, fleshy, umbonate^ then flattened, slightly
viscid, white-floccose chiefly at margin, flesh dull umber ;
flocci deciduous ; stem attenuated upwards, hollow and
pallid above, umber within, transversely scaly, rooting ;
ring narrow, more or less persistent ; gills adfixed, very
distant, white, then somewhat cinereous, at length pallid
umber.
On sawdust. Wallington, Northumberland.
779. A. (Stropharia) Worthingtonii, Fr. ; pileus 1 in.,
yellow, slightly fleshy, campanulate, even, smooth, viscid ;
stem fistulose, slender, flexuose, smooth, dark blue ; ring
incomplete, distant ; gills adnate, broad, brown-cinnamon.
In pastures. Epping Forest, etc.
** Merdarii. — Growing on dung, lihuj often incomjilete.
780. A. (Stropharia) luteo-nitens, Fr. ; pileus 1-2 in.,
fleshy, thin, conical, campanulate, umbonate, viscid, yellow ;
margin squamulose, stem hollow, even, pruinose above the
distant ring ; gills adnexed, ventricose, cinereous, becoming
blackish.
On sawdust, dung, and humus.
781. A. (Stropharia) merdarius, Fr. ; gregarious ; pileus
2 in., yellow, then straw colour, fleshy, at first obtusely
campanulate, then convexo-plane, gibbous, smooth, pellicu-
lose, moist, hygrophanous, slightly viscid, margin thin,
deflexed, even ; flesh white ; stem tough, stuffed with a
pith, equal, somewhat flexuose, flocculoso-villous and
slightly silky, dry, straw-white, white-villous at base, striate
at apex from the decurrent teeth of gills ; ring torn,
AGAPJCINI. ir>3
commonly adhering to margin of pileus ; gills adnato-
decarrent, somewhat crowded, very broad behind, dingy
pallid, at length brown-fuscous.
On horse-dung. Sibbertoft. Epping Forest.
782. A. (Stropharia) stercorarius, Fr. (p. 168) ; 1 in.
Epping Forest.
783. A. (Stropharia) semiglobatus,-Ba/5cA (p.l69) ; l\w.
Epping Forest.
B. Spintrigeri. — Pileus icithout a pellicle, but innato-fibrillose,
not viscous.
784. A. (Stropharia) caput-Medusse, Fr. ; pileus 3 in.,
fleshy, ovate^ then convexo-expanded, obtuse or obtusely
umbonate, dry, when young densely scaly-squarrose with
the veil, soon naked, even and umber on the vertex,
lacunose, paler and somewhat tan-colour towards margin ;
stem whitish, hollow, the somewhat bulbous base solid,
attenuated upwards, covered below the superior ring
with crowded, imbricated and squarrose whitish-fuscous
scales, white-mealy above ; gills adnate, ventricose, lanceo-
late then semi-ovate, not very crowded, at first clay-white,
then pale umber, fuscous-spotted.
About Scotch fir stumps. Rare. Glamis.
785. A. (Stropharia) scrobinaceus, Fr. ; caespitose ;
pileus at first fuscous, livid, then yellow in centre, grey-
violaceous at the circumference, fleshy, thin, hemispherical
then expanded, gibbous, slightly sulcate, covered with
crowded, adpressed, separating, blackish squamules ; stem
hollow attenuated from the thickened base, fibrillose, white,
mealy at apex ; ring superior, fugacious, white ; gills
adnate, crowded, crenulate, white flesh-colour, then be-
coming purple.
On and near stumps. Glamis.
154 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUXGOLOGY.
78G. A. (Stropharia) Jerdoni, B. ami Br. ; pileus 2 in.,
ochraceous theu brown, fleshy, campanulate, umbo obtuse,
minutely rivulose, clothed with superficial, evanescent,
white scales ; cuticle not peeling off ; stem hollow, cylin-
drical, white, pulverulent above, brownish with silky trans-
verse scales below ; ring superior, deflexed ; gills adnate,
forming a line down the stem but not decurrent, pallid
then brown, transversely striate.
Ou fir stumps. Hare.
787. A. (Stropharia) spintriger, Fr. ; ca3spitose ; pileus
3-4 in., tawny or flesh-colour, becoming whitish, rather
fleshy, ovate then flattened, obtuse, even, smooth, fragile ;
stem hollow, equal, floccosely fibrillose, white, naked at
apex ; ring distant, thin, fugacious ; gills adnate, crowded,
fuscous-brown.
On trunks.
788. A. (Stropharia) hypsipus, Fr.; pileus 2 in., convex,
tan colour, pallid, then plane, even, smooth, fragile, hygro-
phanous, striate at margin ; stem equal, hollow, smooth ;
ring medial, persistent ; gills adnate, seceding, rather dis-
tant, white, then brown.
Solitary, in swampy places.
Subgenus 37. Hypholoma (p. 1(")9).
Hypholoma corresponds v/ith 'rricholonia, Entoloma and Hebe-
loma, spores dark purplish, not white, rosy or brown.
* Fasciculakes. — Colour of the tough, smooth, dry pileus
bright ; not hygrophanous.
789. A. (Hypholoma) silaceus, P. ; pileus 3 in.,
orange-rufous, fleshy, convex, viscous, silky and whitish
round margin ; stem stuffed, then hollow, bulbous, shining,
AGARICINI. 155
fibrilloso-striate ; gills adnate, crowded, grey then
ochraceous.
In old pasture. Glamis.
790. A. (Hypholoma) sublateritius, SchcEJif. (p. 169).
Epping Forest.
Var. squamosus, Cke. ; pileus spotted with superficial scales,
especially towards margin.
On trunks.
Var. ScheefFeri, Fr. ; pileus conical, at length depressed,
wrinkled ; gills narrow, decurrent, even in the young
specimens.
On trunks.
791. A. (Hypholoma) capnoides,Fr.; csespitose; pileuslin.;
ochraceous, yellowish, fleshy, convex, then flattened, obtuse,
dry, smooth ; flesh somewhat thin, white ; stem hollow,
equal, often curved and flexuose, becoming silky-even,
pallid, whitish at apex, partially striate, becoming ferrugi-
ginous ; cortina appendiculate, white, becoming fuscous-
purple.
On pine stumps. Uncommon.
792. A. (Hypholoma) epixanthus, Fr. ; pileus 2-3 in.,
light yellow, then pale, the disc commonly darker, fleshy,
moderately thin, convexo-plane, obtuse or gibbous, even,
slightly silky, then smooth ; flesh white, becoming light
yellow ; stem hollow, attenuated from the thickened base
or equal, floccoso-fibrillose, pale ferruginous, fuscous below,
pruinose at apex ; cortina appendiculate, white ; gills
adnate, crowded, at first light yellow-white, then cinereous.
On fir stumps. Epping Forest. Frequent. Odour acid,
strong.
793. A. (Hypholoma) elseodes, Fr. ; ca3spitose ; pileus
brick-red or tan, fleshy, rather plane, somewhat umbonate.
156 OUTLINES OF BKITISH FUNGOLOGY.
dry, smooth opaque ; flesh yellow ; stem stuffed, then
hollow, equal, slender, incurved or flexuose, fibrillose, same
colour as pileus, becoming ferruginous ; gills adnate,
crowded, greenish, then olivaceous.
On trunks and on the ground. Slough. Odour bitter.
794. A, (Hypholoma) fascicularis,///^c/.9. (p,169); 2-4in.
Epping Forest.
795. A. (Hypholoma) dispersus, Fr. (p. 169) ; 1-H in.
Epping Forest.
** VisciDi. — Pileus naked, viscous.
796. A. (Hyplioloma) cedipus, Cke. ; pileus i-1 in. ;
glutinous, fleshy in centre, turbinate, hemispherical then
convex, smooth, dull, hygrophanous, disc umber, pallid at
ragged margin which slightly exceeds gills ; stem thick,
enlarged downwards to a bulbous base, solid, fibrillose
below, pruinose above ; ring evanescent ; gills at first
whitish, then umber, adnate by their entire breadth, or with
a minute decurrent tooth, plane, edge somewhat granular.
Attached to decayed sticks and dead leaves.
*** Velutint. — Pileus silk// loith innate fibrils or streaked.
797. A. (Hypholoma) storea, Fr. ; pileus 3 in., pale
fuscous then dingy-isabelline, fleshy, convex, broadly umbo-
nate, somewhat depressed round umbo, broken up into
longitudinally adnate or squarrose fibrils ; cortina a prolon-
gation of fibrils of pileus, appendiculate at margin ; flesh
white, compact ; stem solid, equal, round, even, somewhat
fibrillose, pallid ; gills adnate with a decurrent tooth, livid-
cinereous, at length fuscous, edge serrulated, white.
On roots of trees. On beech stumps. Ascot. Perth.
Epping Forest.
AGAKICINI. 157
l^ar. ca3spitosus, Cke. ; ctespitose ; stem fistulose, some-
times tinged with yellow at the base.
= A. hijpoxanthus of Phil, and Plow.
On beech stumps.
798. A. (Hypholoma) lacrymabundus, Fr. (p. 170) ;
2-3 in. Epping Forest.
799. A. (Hypholoma) pyrotrichus, Holinsk. ; casspitose ;
pileus 3 in., fiery -tawny, slightly fleshy, hemispherical,
obtuse then expanded, densely clothed with somewhat
adpressed, partially fasciculate, tawny fibrils ; flesh tawny ;
stem hollow, fibrous-soft, equal, fibrillose, or slightly
squarrose, becoming tawny ; cortina tawny ; gills adnate,
somewhat crowded, broad, pallid, then brown, at length
free ; edge white, flocculose.
About roots of trees, beech, etc. King's Lynn. Glamis.
Epping Forest.
800. A. (Hypholoma) velutinus, Pers. (p. 170) ; 2-4 in.
Eppiug Forest.
Var. leiocephalus, B. and Br. ; densely csespitose, much
smaller than type ; pileus hygrophanous, rugged, smooth,
except at the fibrillose margin, pallid ; stem pallid, apex
pruinose.
On old stumps.
**** Flocculosi. — With Jioccose, superficial separatmg scales.
801. A. (Hypholoma) cascus, Fr. ; gregarious; pileus
li-3 in., livid-grey, then tan- whitish, somewhat fleshy,
oval, then expanded, obtuse, smooth, slightly wrinkled,
even on disc, when young superficially scaly, fragile ; stem
hollow, equal, fibrillose, white, white-pulveruleut at apex ;
veil appendiculate at margin of pileus, squamulose, white;
158 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY.
gills roimded-adnexed, veutricose, dry, grey, then black-
fuscous, edge whitish.
In mountain wood. Rannoch,
802. A. (Hypholoma) piinctiilatus, Kalch. ; pileus
fleshy, thin, convex, dry, pallid, squamuloso-punctate froju
the veil, then naked ; stem stuffed, pallid, clad with punc-
tiform squamules up to the ring ; gills sinuately adnate
with a decurrent tooth, broad, rather crowded, pallid, then
pale umber.
On chips, etc.
***** Appendiculati, — Pileus smooth, hy<jro2)hanous.
803. A. (Hypholoma) lanaripes, Cke. ; somewhat
csespitose; pileus l|-3 in., pallid, disc tawny or brownish,
rather fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, hygrophanous,
squamose with superficial scales from the breaking up of
the cuticle, veil attached in fugacious patches, margin
thin; stem white, hollow, fragile, somewhat fibrilloso tomen-
tose at base ; gills reaching the stem whitish, then purplish -
brown.
On soil in conservatories.
804. A. (Hypholoma) CandoUeanus, Fr. (p. 170) ; 2-4- iu.
Epping Forest.
805. A. (Hypholoma) appendiculatus, Btdl. (p. 170) ;
2-3 in. Epping Forest.
A. (Hypholoma) felinus, Passer. ; gregarious ; sub-
csespitose ; pileus fleshy, membranaceous, hemispherical,
then expanded, smooth, hygrophanous, ochraceous ; stem
fistulose, short, thin, rather shining-white, incrassated at
base and rather floccose, striate at apex ; gills adnate, white,
then fuscous — A. catarius. Fr. Hym. Eur.
On ground, among grass.
AGARICINI. 159
806. A. (Hypholoma) leiieoteplirus, B. and Br. ; cses-
pitose ; pileus 3 in., pallid, then whitish, somewhat cam-
panulate, wrinkled, then convexo-expanded ; stem fistulose,
silky fibrillose downwards, striate or sulcato-striate at apex ;
ring large, partially appendiculate ; gills slightly adnate,
narrow, cinereous-whitish grey, then black.
At base of ash trees. North Kilworth.
807. A. (Hypholoma) egenulus, B. and Br. ; pileus
1-J in., white, hemispherical, expanded, umbonate, smooth,
even except towards edge, margin finely striate, appendicu-
late; stem fistulose, attenuated upwards or nearly equal,
minutely adpressedly scaly; gills adnate with a tooth,
slightly ventricose, moderately distant, purplish umber,
edge white.
On the ground, among grass. Apethorpe.
808. A. (Hypholoma) hydrophilus, Bidl. ; pileus fleshy-
membranaceous, convex, then expanded, subrepand, smooth,
hygrophanous, rugose, bay-brown, disc even, margin rather
broken ; stem fistulose, curved, closely fibrillose, growing
pale ; gills adnexed, ventricose, crowded, dripping, pallid,
then brownish-cinnamon or bay.
About trunks. Epping Forest.
809. A. (Hypholoma) pilulseformis, Bull.; pileus 1 in.,
fuscous, then dingy ochraceous, somewhat membranaceous,
globose, then expanded, obtuse, even, smooth ; stem fistu-
lose, fiexuose, smooth, white, naked at apex ; cortina mani-
fest, woven in the form of a ring when young ; gills adnexed,
easily separating, thin, narrow, linear, dry, white, then
cinereous, at length fuscous.
On mossy trunks. Rare. Perhaps a young condition
of A. hydrophilus.
160 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUXGOLOGY.
Subgenus 38. — Psilocybe (p. 171).
Psilocyl)e corresponds with Collybia, LeptonLa and Naucoria,
spores dark purplish, not white, rosy or brown.
I. Tenaces. — Veil not essential, rarely consjncuous ; stem thick
skinned, flexile, mostly coloured ; 'p^leus bright coloured,
pellicidose, often rather viscid in toet ireather, hecoinivy sonie-
lolmt jicde.
* Gills ventricose, not decnrrent.
810. A. (Psilocybe) saroocephalus, i^r. ; pileus fleshy,
compact, convex, then expanded, obtuse, even, dry, pallid-
ferruginous ; stem robust, stuffed, then hollow, whitish,
clad with white meal at apex; gills adnate, broad, cine-
reous flesh-colour, then sooty.
In grassy places, mostly about stumps.
811. A. (Psilocybe) ericseus, P.; gregarious; pileus
1-1^ in., tawny-ferruginous, then tawny-yellow, fleshy,
thin, convex, then expanded, even, smooth, dry and shining,
somewhat viscous when wet ; stem fistulose, tough, equal,
somewhat smooth, or silky, becoming light yellow, white-
villous at base ; gills adnate, plane, somewhat distant,
pallid, then blackish olive, pruinose, edge whitish.
In exposed pastures after rain. In woods and pastures.
Biare. Epping Forest.
812. A. (Psilocybe) subericseus, Fr. ; pileus 2 in., rather
fleshy, rather convex, then plane, even, smooth, tawny ;
stem fistulose, smooth, becoming yellowish ; gills sinuate,
adnexed, broad, pallid, then blackish.
In fields.
813. A. (Psilocybe) udus, P. ; pileus ^-1 in., brick-
tawny, then pale, slightly fleshy, convex, then flattened,
sub-umbonate, smooth, even or slightly wrinkled ; stem
fistulose, equal, fibrillose, tawny-ferruginous, paler at apex ;
AGARICINI. 161
gills adfixed^ ventricose, broad, plaue or convex, pallid^ then
fuscous-purple.
In swampy places, among Sphagna. Epping Forest.
814. A. (Psilocyba) canofaoiens, Cke. ; gregarious ; pileus
Ih in., campanulate, then expanded, with a fleshy disc,
even, dark bay-brown, ferruginous at apex, clad (including
stem) with scattered white hairs, soon evanescent at apex ;
veil white, fibrillose, at first attached to margin of pileus ;
stem same colour as pileus, nearly equal, stuffed, dark at
base; flesh of pileus pallid, of stem rufescent, gradually
darker downwards ; gills broad, adnate, veutricose, dark
umber.
On rotten straw.
815. A. (Psilocybe) araolatus, Klotsch (p. 172); li-3in.
816. A. (Psilocybe) agrariug, Fr. ; pileus 1 in., white
and dull, then cinereous, slightly firm and fleshy, convex,
then flattened and often umbonate, even, smooth ; flesh
white ; stem fistulose, equal, smooth, white ; gills obtusely
adnate, crowded, then somewhat distant, linear, white, at
length fuscous.
About roots of decayed trees, etc. North Kil worth.
817. A. (Psilocybe) chondrodermus, B. and Br. ; pileus
1 in., dark date-brown, fleshy, campanulate, smooth, with
exception of appendiculate margin, even, cracked ; veil
woven and jagged; stem fistulose, equal, paler than pileus,
fibrillose, squamulose at base ; gills adfixed, separating,
ventricose, margin white.
In Scotch fir wood. Glamis.
818. A. (Psilocybe) scobicola, B. and Br. ; pileus
convex, umbilicate, white, smooth ; stem fibrillose, nearly
equal, or dilated at apex, fistulose ; gills broad, adnexed.
On sawdust.
L
162 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGV.
** frills jilane, very broad be/iind, somewhat decnrrent.
819. A. (Psilocybe) ammophilus, Z)?«*. and Mont. ; pileus
somewhat fleshy, hemispherical, theu umbouate ; stem
hollow, buried half-way in saud, base clavate ; gills decur-
rent with a tooth, smoky, black-pulverulent.
On sandy ground, on the sea-shore. St. Andrews.
820. A. (Psilocybe) coprophilus, Bull (p. 171) ; 1 in.
821. A. (Psilocybe) buUaceus, Bull. (p. 172) ; ^\ in.
822. A. (Psilocybe) physaloides, ii«//. (p. 172) ; 3-4 in.
823. A. (Psilocybe) atro-rufus, Schccff. ; pileas black-
rufous or purple-fuscous, then pale, slightly fleshy, hemi-
spherico-convex, obtuse, smooth, sometimes striate at margin ;
stem thin, fistulose, equal, at first somewhat fibrillose, then
smooth, pallid date-brown, slightly pruinose at apex ; gills
adnate, somewhat decurrent, triangular, umber or purple-
umber.
In mixed wood. Glamis.
824.. A. (Psilocybe) nucisedus, Fr. ; pileus slightly fleshy,
light yellowish, then yellow, convex, obsoletely umbonate,
even, slightly silky when dry ; stem fistulose, slender, pallid,
somewhat attenuated downwards, becoming fuscous, white-
villous at base; gills adnate, broad, plane, fuscous, then
umber-hlack.
On beech-mast and among chips. West Farleigh, Kent.
*** Gills someirhat linear, asceudiiuj.
825. A. (Psilocybe) comptus, Fr.: pileus 1-1 i in.,
pallid, then ochraceous, somewhat membranaceous, conical,
then expanded, striate, sprinkled with shining spots, some-
what crenulate at margin ; stem fistulose, flexuose, even,
silky- shining; gills adnate, ascending, distant, rosy-umber.
In woods, among grass.
AGARICIXr. 163
826 A. (Psilocybe) semilanceatus, Fr. (p. 17.2) ; \ in.
Epping Forest.
Var. cserulescens, Cke. ; base of stem turniag indigo-
blue. In pastures. Poisonous.
II. E-iGiDi. — A^o veil, stem rigid, pileus scarcely pelliculose, hut
flesh easily cut, hygrojyhanous ; gills adnexed, very rarely
adnate.
827. A. (Psilocybe) spadiceus, Fr. (p. 171) ; 3-4 in.
Epping Forest,
Vur. hydrophilus, Fr. ; pileus tawny, then clay-colour ;
stem somewhat fusiform, rooting; gills emargiuate, with a
deeply decurrent line ; at length umber-brown.
At roots of ash.
Var. polycephalus, Fr. : densely crowded ; stem thinner,
flexuose ; gills nearly free, at length tawny umber.
About trunks.
828. A. (Psilocybe) cernuus, Mull. (p. 171) ; l-2i in.
829. A. (Psilocybe) hebes, Fr. ; pileus 1 in., livid, then
pale, hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, convex, then expanded,
obtuse, even, smooth, slightly viscid, striate at margin,
becoming even ; stem cartilaginous, rigid, fistulose, equal,
even, smooth, naked, becoming pale white ; gills broad
behind, triangular, adnate, crowded, arid, white, then
fuscous.
On trunks, leaves, etc. On 'grass, among leaves, near
chestnut. Hothorpe.
830. A. (Psilocybe) foenisecii, P. ; 1-2 in. Epping
Forest.
831. A. (Psilosybe) clivensis, i^. and Br. ; pileus 1 in.,
pallid brown, then whitish, pallid ochre, somewhat hemi-
spherical, even, sprinkled with shining particles, margin
164 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FrXGOLOGY.
striate ; stem fistxilose, equal, except at the slightly clavate
base, somewhat silky : gills broad, aduate, widely emarginate,
ventricose in front, rather distant, umber, margin white.
On the ground. King^s Clitfe.
832. A. (Psiloeybe) seobicola, B. and Br. : pileus white,
convex, umbilicate, smooth ; stem fistulose, somewhat equal
or dilated at apex, fibrillose ; gills adnexed, broad.
On pine sawdust. Glamis.
Subgenus 39. Psathyra (j). 173).
Psathyi-a corresijonds with Mycena, Kolanea, and Galei-a,
spoi'es dark purplish, not white, rosy, or brown.
I. CoNOPiLEi. — nieus conico-campannlate ; gills ascending,
adnexed, often free ; veil none.
833. A. (Psathyra) conopilus, P. (p. 173) ; 1 in. Epping
Eorest.
834. A. (Psathyra) mastiger, B. and Br. ; pileus 1 in.,
dark rich-brown, then umber-tan, somewhat fleshy^ at first
nearly cylindrical, obtuse, then conico-campanulate, with a
strong mammiform umbo, repand, margin straight ; stem
fistulose, attenuated upwards, white, smooth, or fibrillose
and furfuraceous, pale umber within ; gills affixed, ascend-
ing rather narrow, umber, edge paler.
On roadsides among grass. Apethorpe.
835. A. (Psathyra) corrugis, P. (p. 173); \-\\ in.
Epping Forest.
Var. gracilis, Fr. ; habit more slender.
On the ground.
Var. vinosus, Corda ; pileus somewhat roseate.
In gardens, etc.
836. A. (Psathyra) pellospermus, BidL ; pileus sub-
AGAPJCINI. 165
campanulate or subovate, even, then striate, sometimes
rugose, white or ochrey-white, becoming fuliginous ; flesh
thin, white ; stem fistulose, naked, nearly equal, white or
same colour as piieus ; gills broad, free, much narrowed at
the tips, cinereous, then fuliginous, at length black.
On the ground.
837. A. (Psathyra) gyroflexus, Fr. ; piieus h in., mem-
branaceous, conico-campanulate, striate, atomate, becoming
pallid ; stem slender, flexuose, silky, shining white ; gills
adnate, crowded, becoming purplish grey.
Margin of woods.
II. Obtusati. — Piieus campanulato-convex, flattened, smooth or
atomate, gills piano- or arcuato-adfixed.
838. A. (Psathyra) spadiceo-griseus, Schaejf. (p. 173);
.2 in.
839. A. (Psathyra) obtusatus, Fr. ; piieus 1 in., date-
brown-fuscous, or umber-fuscous, paler at margin, somewhat
membranaceous, conical, then convex, at length flattened,
obtuse, even at the disc, striate at margin, flesh same
colour ; stem fragile, fistulose, round, equal, fibrilloso- silky,
whitish, even at the apex ; gills adnate, broad, distinct,
somewhat distant, cinereous-fuscous, then umber.
On the ground and on wood. Rare.
III. FiBRiLLOSi. — Piieus and stem at first fibrillose or floccose
from the universal veil.
840. A. (Psathyra) bifrons, B. (p. 173); £ in.
Var. semitinctus, Phil. : half-dyed.
841. A. (Psathyra) semivestitus, B. and Br. ; piieus
i in., dark brown, then pale, ovate, obtuse, sprinkled with
little white fibrils more than half-way up ; stem fistulose,
lOG OTTLINKS OF liKlTlsll ] rX( ;OI.(J( ;V.
uearly straight, fibrilloso - silky, white ; gills adnate,
ascending, broad behind, umber-brown.
Among grass in rich pasture. King's Cliffe. Epping
Forest.
8J2. A. (Psathyra) fatuus, Fr. : pileus clay colour then
whitish, somewhat membranaceous, ovato-campanulate then
expanded, rugose, at first tibrillose then smooth, fragile ;
stem slender, becoming smooth, white, striate and mealy at
apex; gills adnate, crowded, linear, whitish then brown.
In gardens.
8i3. A. (Psathyra) flbrillosus, P. (p. 173); 1 in. Epping
Forest.
844, A. (Psathyra) Gordoni, B. and Br. ; densely
ca^spitose ; pileus 1-| in., pale cinereous then white,
membranaceous, campanulate, sulcato-striate, sprinkled
with white floccose scales ; stem fistulosc, brittle,
transversely undulated, white-pruinose above, fioCcose
below, at length smooth and shining ; gills narrowly
adnate, ascending, distant, moderately broad, cinereous.
On old stumps. Orton Longueville. Odour faint,
nauseous.
845. A. (Psathyra) glareosus, li. and Br.; pileus \ in.,
grey, pale chestnut at apex, campanulate, obtuse or
umbonate, striate, with flocci like small crumbs, flesh
brown; stem fistulosc, clothed with white fibrils, brown,
gills broad behind, adnate, umber.
On gravelly soil after wet weather.
84G. A. (Psathyra) helobius, Kulch. ; pileus submem-
branaceous, conico-campanulate then plane, somewhat
umbonate, with concentric elevated ridges at the disc,
otherwise radiately rugose, fuliginous, margin striate,
brown ; stem fistulosc, slender, umber, becoming reddish.
AGAPJCIXI. 167
clad with fugacious whitish flocci ; gills adnate, rounded
behind, rather crowded^ fuliginous.
Moist places in pine woods.
847. A. (Psathyra) pennatus, Fr. ; gregarious ; pileus
^-1 in., livid, white, or becoming fuscous-black, somewhat
membranaceous, ovate then campanulate, clothed with
white plumose scales, at length naked, fragile ; stem fistu-
lose, equal, villous, white-pulverulent at apex, silvery ; gills
adnexed, crowded, ventricose, broad, livid, then fuscous-
blackish.
On naked soil in gardens and on burnt sawdust. Rare.
Epping Forest.
84S. A. (Psathyra) gossypinus, Bull.
849. A. (Psathyra) noli-tangere, Fr. ; gregarious ;
pileus 1 in., pallid umber, dark fuscous, becoming pale,
hygrophanous, membranaceous, campanulate then expanded,
obtuse, smooth, with separating squamules at margin, striate
throughout, becoming even, fragile; stem fistulose, equal,
somewhat naked, even at apex ; gills adnate, broad, plane,
sometimes pallid, somewhat dark fuscous.
Among moss. On oak chips. On damp shady ground.
In woods. Rare.
850. A. (Psathyra) microrhizus, Lasch ; gregarious ;
pileus ochraceous, or rufous brown, becoming pale, mem-
branaceous, campanulate, even, dry, shining with atoms, at
first yellow-piiose, fragile ; stem short thin, rooted, silky,
whitish ; gills adnexed, crowded, narrow, pallid, then
black brown.
In grassy places. In gardens. On naked soil. Sib-
bertoft.
851. A. (Psathyra) urticsecola, B. and Br. ; pileus
^ in., white, campanulate, flocculent, margin at length
168 OrTLIXES OF BRITISH FUXOOLOGV.
straight, striate ; stem fistulose, slender, attenuated
upwards flocculent, white ; gills ventricose in front,
attenuated behind, aduexed, at first white, then rich
chocolate.
On nettle roots. King's Cliffe.
Series 5. Coprinarius. — Spores Black.
Subgenus 4U. Pan.eolus (p. 174).
Panajolus coi-responds with Collybin, Leptonia, Naucoria and
Psilocybe, spores black, not white, rosy, brown or purple.
* Pileus ivith a (jelatinoiis-Uqiiescent cuticle, viscous, shinivrj
irliPii drij.
852. A. (Panseolus) separatus, L. (p. 171) ; 1 in.
Epping Forest.
853. A. (Panaeolus) egregius, Mass. ; pileus 2 in.,
ovato-campanulate, smooth, even, viscid when moist, dark
orange-brown, disc darker, fleshy, exceeding the gills at
margin, with a trace of agglutinated down on the pileus,
virgate when dry ; flesh ochraceous ; stem thickened at base,
solid, fibrillose, splitting longitudinally, brown without and
within, duller than the pileus, white and cottony at base,
smooth at apex ; gills A inch, broad in centre, ventricose,
adnexed, crowded, thin, brownish-black, edge entire, paler,
dry, not deliquescent ; spores brown, then blackish purple.
Ou the ground.
854. A. (Panaeolus) leucophanes, B. and Br. ; pileus
^ in., white here and there, somewhat ochraceous, cam-
panulate, obtuse, viscid, shining when dry, innately silky,
appendiculate at margin ; stem fistulose, attenuated
upwards, white, fibrillose, sprinkled with mealy particles,
transversely somewhat undulated ; gills adnate, pallid, grey-
flesh-colour, then black, margin white.
In grass fields. King's Clifl'e.
AGARTCINT. 169
855. A. (Panseolus) fimiputris (p. 174) ; 1 in. Epping
Forest.
856. A. (Panseolus) phalsenarum (p. 175). Epping Forest.
857. A. (Panseolus) scitulus, Mass. ; pileus \ in.,
campannlate, obtuse, smooth, even, viscid, margin exceed-
ing gills, dirty ochre, pale ; flesh thin, white ; stem equal,
fistulose, white, shining, base peronate, sheath ending in a
persistent ring below middle of stem ; gills crowded, nar-
row, becoming ashy grey, speckled with the black spores,
margin entire, paler ; spores black.
On soil in a flower-pot. Scarborough.
** Pileus moist, opaque, bibulous, token dry somewhat flocculose.
858. A. (Panaeolus) retirugis, Fr. (p. 175). Epping
Forest.
859. A. (Panseolus) sphinctrinus, Fr, ; pileus 1 in.,
fuliginous or fuliginous-grey, then livid, hygrophanous,
slightly fleshy, parabolic then campanulate, obtuse, opaque,
moist then somewhat silky, sometimes fibrillose ; stem
fistulose, tense and straight, equal, fragile, smooth, fuligi-
ginous-grey, pruinose ; veil appendiculate at margin of
pileus, fugacious, white ; gills adnate, ascending, crowded,
cinereous, blackish, edge same colour.
On dung. Glamis. Epping Forest.
*** Pileus dry, smooth, slightly shiniuf/, not zoned.
860. A. (Panseolus) campanulatus, L. : o-l in. Epping
Forest.
861. A. (Panseolus) papilionaceus, Fr. Epping Forest.
862. A. (Panseolus) caliginosus, Jungh. ; pileus brown,
slightly fleshy, campanulate, obtuse, even, smooth ; stem
170 orTLiN?:s of isritisii fuxgology.
equal, even, naked, same colour as pileus ; gills slightly
adnexed, ascending, lanceolate, fuliginous-black.
In rich pasture. Glarais. ]"]pping Forest.
"**** Pileus dr>/, smooth, :.oiied round inanjin.
863. A. (Panseolus) subbalteatus, B. and Br. ; ca^spi-
tose ; pileus l.j-2 in., dull deep fawn colour, pallid when
dry, hygrophanous, rather fleshy, convex, with the margin
slightly incurved, then expanded, obtuse or slightly umbo-
nate, irregular, slightly wrinkled, naked near margin with
a dark narrow zone ; stem red-brown, fistulose, brittle,
stringy, splitting longitudinally, marked with short white
fibrils ; gills adnate, slightly vcntricose, brownish, margin
white, slightly toothed.
In a tare field. Apethorpe.
864. A. (Panseolus) acuminatus, Fr. ; pileus flesh tan-
colour, slightly fleshy, conical, sharp-pointed, even, smooth,
shining, zoned with a blackish line round margin which is
at first crenulate ; stem thin, equal, pruinose, thickened at
base, pallid above, fuscous downwards ; gills adnexed, vcn-
tricose, crowded, blackish.
On dung. Sibbertoft.
865. A. (Panaeolus) fimicola, Fr. (p. 175).
Var. cinctulus ; pileus somewhat fleshy, campanulate,
then expanded, even, smooth, margin with a broad brown
zone ; stem rather firm, equal, brownish ; gills ventricose,
olivaceous black.
On dung. A doubtful variety, founded on Bolton's
figure.
AGAKICIXI. 171
Subgenvis 41. Psathyrella.
Psathyrella corresponds with Mycena, Xolanea, Galera and
Psiithyra, spores black, not white, rosy, brown, or purple.
* Stem tense and straight, smooth.
866. A. (Psathyrella) subatratus, Fr. ; gregarious ;
pileus 1-2 in._, umber-rufescent, then pallid-rufesceut,
membranaceous^ campanulate^ obtuse, smooth, even, slightly
striate at margin, fragile ; stem fistulose, equal, smooth
becoming pale white ; gills adnexed to top of cone, then
adnate, linear, broad, crowded, fuliginous-blackish, almost
umber, edge same colour.
In grassy places. On rich ground. Batheaston.
867. A. (Psathyrella) gracilis, Fr. (p. 176) ; i-1 in.
868. A. (Psathyrella) hiascens, Fr. (p. 176) ; 1 in.
869. A. (Psathyrella) aratus, B. (p. 176) ; 1 in.
870. A. (Psathyrella) trepidus, Fr. ; pileus 1 in., date
brown at disc, otherwise fuliginous, membranaceous, fragile,
campanulate, obtuse, smooth, even at disc, otherwise slightly
but densely striate ; stem fistulose, equal, smooth, naked,
diaphanous hyaline ; gills adnate, crowded, ventricose then
fuliginous, shining black.
On wet ground. Hothorpe. Epping Forest.
871. A. (Psathyrella) hydrophorus, ^2^//. ; pileus mem-
branaceous, campanulate then expanded, smooth, margin
striate, then revolute ; stem smooth, dripping with
moisture, white ; gills adnate, crowded, narrowly linear,
livid, becoming black.
In gardens.
** Stem flexuose j)ruinate at apex.
872. A. (Psathyrella) caudatus, Fr. ; pileus 2 in., date-
brown, membranaceous, very tender, conical then campanu-
172 Ol'TLIXES OF BRITISH FUXG0LO(;Y.
late, at lengtli flattened^, smooth, the somewhat gibbous
disc even, otherwise pellucid-striate, not corrugated ; stem
fistulose, attenuated, base thickened, rooting, becoming pale
white ; gills adnate, ciuereous-black, edge same colour.
Among blocks of a wooden pavement. Sibbertoft.
873. A. (Psathyrella) pronus, Fr. ; pileus \ in., fuligi-
nous then hoary, hygrophanous, membranaceous, campanu-
late then hemispherical, obtuse, smooth, pellucid-striate,
obsoletely silky-atomate when dry ; stem fistulose, filiform,
lax, equal, smooth, becoming pale ; gills adnate, plane, some-
what triangular, distant, livid-fuliginous, with black dots
from the spores.
In grassy places. Rare. Epping Forest.
874'. A. (Psathyrella) empyreumaticus, B. and Br. :
pileus \\ in., rufous theu pale, hygrophanous, expanded
atomate, margin crenate ; stem fistulose, silky-furfuraceous,
pallid, gills adnate with a decurrent tooth, broad, distant,
connected by veins, rufous then brown-purple, pallid at
edge.
On wooden pavement. Sibbertoft,
875. A. (Psathyrella) atomatus, Fr. (p. 176) ; -i-l in.
876. A. (Psathyrella) crenatus, Lasch ; pileus i^l in.,
ochrey or rufescent, then pale, hygrophanous, membrana-
ceous, hemispherical, sulcate, atomate, crenate at margin,
fragile ; stem somewhat curved, fragile, smooth, whitish,
striate ; gills adnate, somewhat ventricose, light yellowish-
fuscous then blackish.
On the ground. Penzance.
877. A. (Psathyrella) disseminatus, Pe?'j?. (p. 176); Vin.
Epping Forest.
AGAKICINI. 173
Gexus 2. MONTAGNITES, Fr.
The viniversal veil forming a volva, pei-si.stent. Stem dilated at
apex into a plane round disc, even on both sides, to the
mai-gin of which are adfixed the gills which are free, not
joined to any membrane, radiating, i-azor-shaped, persistent,
obtuse at edge ; trama cellulose ; spores oblong, even, black,
fuscous.
No British species.
Genus 3. COPRINUS, P. (p. 177).
Tribe 1. Pelliculosi. — Gills covered above witli a fleshij or mem-
branaceous citticle, pileus not opening in furrows along the
gills, becoming torn and revolute.
* OoMATi. — Furnished with a ring arising from the volv.t,
the cuticle torn into scales.
1. C. comatus, Fr. ; 3 in. Epping Forest,
2. C. ovatus, Schceff. ; pileus white, somewhat membra-
naceous, at first ovate and densely imbricated with thick,
spreading concentric scales, covered with an even hood at
apex, then expanded, striate ; stem solid at base, rooting,
otherwise hollow with arachnoid threads within, attenuated
upwards, flocculose, shining white ; ring not very con-
spicuous and soon vanishing ; gills free, then remote,
slightly ventricose, at first somewhat naked, long remain-
ing shining white, at length umber-blackish, never becom-
ing purple.
In pastures. Epping Forest.
3. C. sterquilinus, Fr. (p. 177).
4. C. obleetus, Bolt. ; jjileus membranaceous, conico-
campanulate, everywhere silky, then smooth, sulcata ; stem
hollow, soft, silky, becoming even, with a sheathing ring-
like base ; gills free, linear, flesh-colour, growing black.
On dung. Not recorded since Bolton^s time.
174 OUTLINES OF BllITISII FUNGOLOGY.
** Atramentarii. — Sorneichat ringed, hut no volva, pileus
dotted or spotted tcith mimde innate squamules.
5. C. atramentarius, Fr. (p. 177). Epping Forest.
0. C. soboliferus, Fr. ; pileus submembranaceous, ovate,
theu expanded, truncate, spotted with scales, dirty white ;
stem stufi'ed, rather ventricose, tuberously rooting with
runners ; ring fugacious ; gills free, ventricose, pallid,
becoming black.
At the base of trunks.
7. C. fuscescens, Fr. (p. 178).
Var. riraoso-squamosus.
Pileus becoming cracked into angular patches.
About stumps.
*** PicACEi. — Universcd veil flocculose, at first continuons then
broken up into superficial scales ichich form patches on the
pileus.
8. C. picaceus, Fr. (p. 178). Epping Forest.
9. C. aphthosus, Fr. (p. 178).
10. C. flocculosus, Fr, ; pileus dingy white, membrana-
ceous, ovate, then expanded, striate, split, covered with
floccose scales ; stem hollow, attenuated upwards, even,
white, swollen at the base ; gills free, violaceous, then
fuscous-black.
In pastures and on garden ground. Rare.
11. C. similis, B. and Br. ; pileus pallid, centre darker,
hygrophanous, ovato-campanulate, lineato-striate, clothed
with acute separating warts which are fuscous at the apex ;
stem hollow, white, broader at base ; gills adnate, attenu-
ated behind, somewhat linear, brownish near the margin.
On trunks of dead trees. Bodelwyddan.
AGAKICINl. 1 / O
**** ToMENTOSi. — Pileus at first clothed with distinct flocci
or lax t'illoiis down, tlien plane, ring none.
12. C. exstinctorius, Fr. (p. 178) ; 3 in.
13. C. flmetarius, Fr. (p. 179).
Var. pullatus, Fr. ; pileus adpressedly squamose and
tomentose, soon naked, fuscous, becoming blackish ; stem
equal, at length smooth.
Var. macrorhizus, P. ; pileus squamose ; stem shorter^
rather marginately bulbous, rooting, villous.
Var. cinereus, Schceff. ; pileus membranaceous, floccosely
mealy, then naked, ashy grey; stem almost equal, twisted,,
not rooting, hollow at base.
14. C. tomentosus, Fr. (p. 179).
15. c. niveus, Fr. (p. 179), 1-2 in. Epping Forest.
***** MiCACEi. — Pileus covered with small 'micaceous scales
or granules, which fall off and disappear. Veil none.
16. C. micaceus, Fr. (p. 179). Epping Forest.
17. C. aratus, B. and Br.; pileus 3 in., umber, campa-
nulate, deeply sulcate to darker disc which is sometimes
wrinkled, sometimes even, sprinkled with large micaceous
particles, revolute in decay ; stem fistulose, attenuated
upwards, slightly bulbous, straight, smooth, or minutely
silky, white, umber within ; gills separating, narrow, atten-
uated at either end, deep rich brown, then black.
In a hollow tree. King's Cliffe. Epping Forest.
18. C. radians, Fr. (p. 179), ^ in. Epping Forest.
19. C. papillatus, Fr. ; pileus ^ in., fuscous, disc darker,
membranaceous, ovate then campanulate, at length flattened
and revolute, torn, striate, scurfy and beset with minute
warts which are more crowded on the disc ; stem fistulose,
equal, smooth except at base, hyaline-pellucid, commonly
176 OUTLINES OF BKITISII FUNGOLOGY.
discoloured at apex Avitli the spores ; gills few, free, reach-
iug the stem, blackish.
On dung and ou the ground. Shrewsbury.
****** Glabrati. — Fileus smooth, loithout floccose or
micaceous squamules. Veil none.
20. C. alternatus, Fr. ; somewhat Cccspitose ; pileus
\\ in., chalky pallid, pale umber at disc, somewhat fleshy,
hemispherical, even, smooth, discoid, striped with alternate
striae broad and narrow ; stem hollow, attenuated from the
thickened base, smooth, becoming pale ; gills adnate, linear,
cinereous then black.
On the ground. East Dereham.
21. C. deliquescens, Fr. (p. 180) ; 3-4 iu. Epping
Forest.
22. C. tardus, Kurs. ; pileus membranaceous, campanu-
late, sulcate, smooth, becoming gilvous or isabelline ; stem
iistulose, a little thickened downwards, silky pruiuose, then
smooth, rather striate, white; gills adnate, whitish then black.
On naked soil.
23. C. congregatus, Bnll. ; densely cjespitose ; pileus
membranaceous, cylindrical, then campanulate, smootli,
viscid, of one colour, ochraceous, margin faintly striate ;
stem fistulose, thin, short, smooth ; gills reaching the stem,
linear, white, becoming black.
On ground by roadsides. Eppiug Forest.
Tribe 2. Veliformes. — Pileus very thin icithoiit a pellicle, at
length ope)dn<j into ficrrows along the back of tlie gills and
becoming plicato-sulcate ; stem thin, fistulose ; gills melting
away into very thin lines.
* Cyclodei. — Stem annulate or volvate.
, 21. C. Hendersonii, B. (p. 180).
AGARICIXI. 177
** Lanulatuli. — Pileus clotlml with sicperjicial separathig
Jioccules, gills free. Ringless.
25. C. lagopus, Fr. (p. 180.)
26. C. narcoticus, Fr. ; pileus 1 in., white, conico-
cylindrical, villous with recurved floccose scales, theu
flattened, denuded, striate, hyaline ; stem fistulose, equal,
at first villous, at length smooth ; gills free, reaching the
stem, white, then blackish.
On manure heaps. Shrewsbury. Odour narcotic-
alkaline, very powerful.
27. C. macrocephalus, B. (p. 180), \ in.
28. C. nycthemerus, Fr. (p. 181), -| in.
29. C. radiatus, Fr. (p. 181), \ in. Epping Forest.
30. C. Spraguei, B. (p. 182), \ in.
*** FuBFURELLi. — Pileiis furfm'cvG&ous or micaceous, gills com-
rao^dy adnate to apex of stem, lohich, in some species is dilated
into a collar ; ringless.
31. C. domesticus, Fr. (p. 181), 2 in.
32. C. stercorarius, Fr. ; pileus very thin, ovate, theu
campanulate, covered with a dense white micaceous meal,
then expanded, margin striate ; stem at first ovately bulbous,
then elongated, attenuated, at first pruinate, white ; gills
adnexed, ventricose, black.
On rich soil and dung.
33. C. ephemerus, T. (p. 181.)
3-i. C. sociatus, Fr. ; pileus 1^ in., fuscous, theu pale,
disc date-brown, ovali-cylindrical, then expanded, densely
split into furrows, the raised ribs slightly scurfy, the even
disc umbilicate in centre ; stem fistulose, delicately attenu-
ated from base to apex, smooth, white, not pellucid ; gills
M
178 OUTLINES OF BltlTlSH FUXGOLOGY.
aduexed in the form of a collar, not remote, somewhat
ventricose, attenuated behind, cinereous black.
On damp soil. Cabalva.
35. C. plicatilis, Fr. (p. 181.) Epping Forest.
36. C. cothurnatus, Godey. ; pileus very thin, conico-
campanulate, then expanded, densely mealy, then umbonate
and unequally split, wholly white, becoming reddish ; stem
fistulose, attenuated upwards, white, base squamulose,
sheathing ; gills free, somewhat lanceolate, white, then
flesh-colour, at length black.
On cow-dung.
37. C. filiformis, B. and Br. ; pileus -^l in., grey, shin-
ing with white mealy particles, cylindrical, striate ; stem ex-
tremely fine, white, sprinkled with a few short delicate hairs.
On the ground in wood. Colleyweston.
**** Hemerobii. — Pileus smooth,
38. C. hemerobius, Fr. (p. 182.)
39. C. platypus, B. ; pileus thin, campanulate, convex,
then expanded, white then ochraceous-flocculose ; stem
slender, discoid at the base, whitish even ; gills free, narrow,
distant, becoming black.
On palm stems in conservatories.
Genus 4. BOLBITIUS, Fr. (p. 152.)
1. B. hydrophilus, Fr. ; ctespitose ; pileus li in., date
brown, then tawny, fleshy, membranaceous, bullate then
convex and expanded, at first moist, wrinkled when dry,
the prominent disc even, the bent in margin undulated ;
flesh very thin, easily scissile, white when dry ; stem fistu-
lose, somewhat curved and often compressed, under a lens
reticulated with fibrils, at first white then becoming ferru-
AGARICINI. 1 79
giuous, obsoletely mealy at apex ; veil marginal, fringing,
white, fugacious or none ; gills adnate, ventricose, appear-
ing almost free, crowded, watery, shedding drops, date-
brown fuscous.
In woods and on sawdust. Frequent,
2. B. Boltonii, Fr. (p. 182.) Epping Forest.
3. B. vitellinus, Fr. ; pileus between fleshy and mem-
branaceous, ovate then expanded, viscid, egg-yellow, at
first even, then with the margin, sulcate and split ; stem
fistulose, equal, clad with white scales ; gills slightly
adnexed, ochraceous clay colour.
On horse-dung.
4. B. fragilis, Fr. (p. 182), 2 in. Epping Forest.
5. B. titubans (p. 182), 1 in.
6. B. apicalis, Sin. ; pileus brown, disc ochraceous,
membranaceous, striate from the first, then plicate, liable to
split, disc somewhat fleshy, obscurely umbonate ; stem
hollow, striate, white, minutely pruinose under a lens;
gills somewhat broad, ventricose, free, at first pressed to
the stem, brown.
In pastures. Stapleburst.
7. B. conocephalus, Bull. ; pileus membranaceous,
conical, hygrophanous, disc even, slightly viscid, margin
striate ; stem fistulose, equal, smooth, shining, rather
tough, white ; gills free, ventricose, din^y, then ferruginous.
On the ground in palm house. Kew.
8. B. tener (p. 183).
9. B. rivulosus, B. and Br.; pileus 1^ in., tan colour,
campanulate, rivulose ; stem attenuated upwards ; gills
narrow, cinnamon.
On earth in an orchard house. Chiswick.
10. B. grandiusculus, Cke. and Mass. ; pileus 1-2 in.,,
180 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY.
campanulate, expanded, smooth, pallid and faintly striate at
margin, rufous at apex ; stem smooth, white, fistulose,
slender, gradually attenuated upwards ; gills crowded,
linear, narrow, attenuated behind and free, rusty ochre.
Amongst grass on cliffs. Scarborough.
Genus 5. CORTINARIUS, Fr. (p. 183.)
Subgenus 1. Phlegmacium. — Partial veil araclmoid ; pileus
equally fleshy, viscous ; stem fii-m, dry.
t Cliduchii. — Partial veil superior, pendvloits in the/orm oj a
ring from the apex of the •nearly equal or clavate stem.
* Gills pallid then clay colour.
1. C. (Phlegmacium) triumphans, Fr. ; pileus 3-5 in.,
yellow, tinged with brown or ochraceous when moist,
yellow when dry, variegated at disc with minute spot-like
scales or naked, fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, regular,
margin even ; flesh compact, white ; stem solid, firm,
attenuated upwards, base ovato-bulbous, striate, yellowish
white, with circles or rings of tawny scales ; partial cortina
superior, woven, somewhat ringed ; gills emarginate,
crowded, with a decurrent tooth, ending in a mealy-white
zone, veined at sides, whitish or pale bluish grey, at length
clay colour and somewhat cinnamon.
In woods under birch. On grassy ground. Rare.
2. C. (Phlegmacium) claricolor, Fr. ; pileus 3-4 in.,
yellow, fleshy, convexo-flattened, at length depressed, veiled
with superficial, silky-pruinose, villous down, then smooth
and broken into scales ; stem solid, hard, white, clothed as
far as the superior cortina with white scaly flocci, at length
corlina and scales disappear, otherwise curt, bulbous, or
elongated and conico-attenuated or cylindrical ; flesh of
pileus and stem white ; gills emarginate, almost free or
AGAEICINI. 181
adnatCj crowded^ at first whitish, then clay colour, edge
unequal.
In mixed woods. Glamis, etc.
3. C. (Phlegmacium) turmalis, Fr. ; pileus yellow-tan,
frequently darker at disc, compact, convex then plane,
obtuse, even, smooth or obsoletely piloso-virgate, when
young veiled with pruinate fugacious villous down, soon
naked, viscid ; flesh white ; stem solid, hard, cylindrical or
attenuated at base, shining white when dry, when young
sheathed with a white woolly veil, at length naked ;
cortina fibrillcse, superior, persistent in form of a ring, at
length ferruginous ; gills variously adnexed, rounded,
emarginate, or decurrent with a tooth, crowded, serrated,
white then clay colour.
Chiefly in beech woods. In mixed woods. Glamis.
4. C. (Phlegmacium) erassus, Fr . ; pileus 3-5 in.,
thickly fleshy, plane or depressed, of one dirty yellow
colour, opaque, disc smooth, elsewhere strigose with innate
fibrils ; stem stout, plump, fibrillose, white, mealy at apex ;
gills rounded, crowded, entire, pallid, then clay colour.
In moist woods.
5. C. (Phlegmacium) balteatus, Fr. ; pileus 3 in.,
compact, flattened, viscid, soon dry and broken up into
innate flocci ; margin becoming somewhat bluish, silky,
inflexed ; stem plump, solid, at first tomentose ; apex
velvety and as well as the cortina and flesh white ; gills
emarginate or decurrent, crowded, entire, whitish.
In dry places, chiefly in pine woods.
6. C. (Phlegmacium) sebaceus, Fr. ; pileus 2^-5 in.,
fleshy, colour of tallow, growing pallid, expanded, some-
what repand with a pruinose whitish veil, rather viscid ;
flesh white ; partial veil fugacious, delicate, white ; stem
182 OrXLlNES OF l'.i;iTIs]l FUXGOLOGV.
solid, often twisted and compressed, stout, equal, fibrillose,
gills eraarginate, not crowded, clay colour.
In pine woods. In mixed woods. Glamis.
7. C. (Phlegmacium) lustratus, Fr. : wliicisli, pileus
fleshy, convex then plane, equal, even, smooth, viscid,
margin fibrillose, fringed with the veil ; stem solid, stout,
nearly equal ; gills rounded, crowded, unchangeable.
In heathy places.
** (ri/ls violaceous or pxiiyliffh, then cinnamon.
8. C. (Phlegmacium) varius, Fr. (p. 18b), .2 in.
Epping Forest.
9. C. (Phlegmacium) cyanopus, Fr. (p. 184), 2-\ in.
Epping Forest.
10. C. (Phlegmacium) variicolor, Fr. ; pileus compact,
convex then expanded, viscid, discoid, margin tomentose,
violet ; stem hard, stout, at first villous, bluish then whitish,
flesh same colour ; gills decurrently emarginate, somewhat
arcuate, crowded, bluish, clay-colour, then cinnamon.
In pine woods, etc.
Var. nemorosus, Fr. ; pileus 4-5 in., compact, at flrst
smooth, viscid, soon dry, opaque, piloso-rivulose, bay-
brown, then yellowish ; stem clavate, hollow and mealy at
apex ; gills rounded, rather decurrent.
11. C. (Phlegmacium) largus, Fr.; pileus 4-G in.,
date-brown-tawny, fleshy, compact at the broad disc, thin
at the circumference, convexo-flattened, obtuse, slightly
viscid, then adpressedly silky-tibrillose, commonly rivuloso-
squamulose; flesh flbrous, firm, whitish bluish-grey, white
when exposed to air ; stem solid, short and bulbous, or
long, thick and equal, often curved, fibrillose; cortina
superior, fibrillose, pendulous, top of stem pruinose, white-
AGARICINI. 183
tinted violaceous ; flesh same as pileus ; gills adnate or
emarginate, crowded, at first bluish -grev, clay-colour then
cinnamon.
In pine woods. Herefordshire. Epping Forest.
12. C. (Phlegmacium) Riederi.Fr.; pileus3in.,ochraceous,
compact, campanulato-expaaded, obtusely umbonate, even,
streaked, glutinous, shining when dry ; flesh watery ; stem
solid, clavate, lilac-silky and tawny-fibrillose ; gills adnate,
rather thick, eroded, lilac, then cinnamon.
In pine woods. Herefordshire. Epping Forest.
*** Crills jjelloic, cinnamon, ferrvAjinov^, not at first ivhitish or
violaceoics.
lo. C. (Phlegmacixim) saginus, Fr. ; pileus 4-5 in.,
yellow, fleshy, plano-convex, irregular, repanu, viscous ;
flesh white, soft; stem solid, somewhat bulbous, flbrillose,
light yellowish, naked at apex ; cortina flbrillose, fugacious,
not conspicuous ; gills decurrent, attenuated at both ends,
dingy pallid, then cinnamon, eroded at edge.
In woods. Hereford, etc.
14. C. (Phlegmacium) russus, Fr. ; pileus 4 in., uni-
colorous, coppery-rufous, fleshy, convex, then flattened,
obtuse, viscid, smooth at disc, innately flbrillose at margin;
flesh soft, whitish flesh-colour ; stem stuffed, then hollow,
attenuated upwards, not bulbous, soft, adpressedly flbril-
lose, pale white, delicately pruinose at apex; cortina deli-
cate, fugacious ; gills obtusely adnate, crowded, connected
by veins ; rufous-ferruginous.
In moist woods. Uncommon.
**** Gills olivaceons.
15. C. ^Phlegmacium) infraetus, i^/\ ; pileus expanded,
even, virgate, viscid, disc compact, then pale ; margin thin.
1^4 Ol'ILI.NKS OK I!i;iTJsn FrNGOLOGV.
broken, at length revolute, Hexuose; stem solid, ovately
clavate, adpressedly fibrillose, growing pale ; gills adnate,
broad, crowded, olivaceous-umber.
In beech woods. Epping Forest. Taste nauseous and
bitter.
10. C. (Phlegmacium) anfractus, Fr. (p. 184) ; 2-3 in.
17. C. (Phlegmacium) Berkley!, Cke. ; large, pileus
4— G in., convex, then expanded, rather viscid, shining when
dry, fleshy, smooth or radiately silky ; margin plicato-
sulcate, becoming nearly even when old, the whole fungus
at first enclosed in a whitish volva which breaks up in
patches on disc ; stem thick, swollen at base, white, densely
fibrillose, solid ; flesh white; gills scarcely distant, ventri-
cose, slightly emarginate, dingy olive, at length pale cinna-
mon. = C. anfractus, p. 184.
ft ScAuni.^ — Cluh-footed, bulb depressed w turbinate, marginate ;
stem fleshy, fih'ous : cortina commonly inferim', arising from
inanjliiofbvlb; p'dcus equally fieshy ; gills somewhat sinuate.
* GUIs P'hitis/i, t](Pn day coloured or 2^cile cinnamon.
18. C. (Phlegmacium) multiformis, Fr. (p. 184.) Epping
Forest.
19. A. (Phlegmacium) napus, Fr. ; pileus .2-3 in., fuli-
ginous, then tawny-brown, fleshy, couvexo-plane, obtuse,
even, smooth, glutinous ; margin regular, bent inwards ;
flesh compact, white, with a horny line at the hymenophore
next gills; stem solid, equal, ascending, smooth, firm, white,
at length yellow at the base, inserted in an obconic, acutely,
and obliquely marginate bulb ; gills emarginate, somewhat
distant, broad, crisped, whitish fuliginous, hyaline at sides.
In pine woods. Herefordshire.
20. C. (Phlegmacium) allutus, Fr. ; small ; pileus fleshy,
AGARICINl. 185
conico-convex, smooth, viscid, then pale ; margin darker ;
flesh rufescent ; stem viscid, white, mealy at apex, striate
with reddish lines below, marginately bulbous; gills adnate,
rather crowded, crenulate, thin, whitish, then rufescent.
In pine woods.
21. C. (Phlegmaeium) talus, Fr. ; pileus 2-3 in., dirty
yellowish, then pale ; margin somewhat olivaceous, yellowish,
fleshy, thin, equal, convexo-plane, even, smooth, viscous ; flesh
watery, dingy pallid- whitish, with hyaline spots, and varie-
gated with a horny line next the hymenophore ; stem solid,
equal, cylindrical, smooth, marginato-bulbous, pale ; gills
emarginate, somewhat crowded, straw-colour or ochrey-
pallid, scarcely changing colour.
In woods. Epping Forest.
** Gills violaceous, dark blue, purplish at length cinnamon.
22. C, (Phlegmaeium) glaucopus, Fr. (p. 184) ; 3-4 in,
Epping Forest.
23. C. (phlegmaeium) calochrous, Fr. (p. 185.)
24. C. (Phlegmaeium) cserulescens, Fr. (p. 185); 2 in.
25. C. (Phlegmaeium) purpuraseens, Fr. (p. 185);
4-5 in. Epping Forest.
Var. subpurpurascens, Fr. ; pileus thinner than type,
slightly virgate, growing pale; stem stufied, nearly equal,
white, with a bluish tinge ; bulb somewhat marginate ; gills
cinnamon, and, as well as the flesh, purple when bruised.
On the ground.
*** Gills ferruginous tau:ny or yellov:.
26. C. (Phlegmaeium) dibaphus, Fr.; pileus 3-4 in.,
purplish, disc yellowish, then variegated with lilac, fleshy.
186 OUTLINES OF IJKITISH FUNGOLOGY.
convex, then plane, at length depressed, somewhat repand,
viscous, smooth ; flesh yellow, variegated under the pellicle
with a violet hue ; stem margiuato-bulbous, stufled, fibril-
lose, yellow, shining, purplish at apex, light yellowish
within; gills adnate, slightly rounded, somewhat crowded,
entire, purplish-ferruginous.
In woods of beech and oak. Fordingbridge, Hants.
Va)'. xanthophyllus ; gills at first and for a long time
yellow.
27. C. (Phlegmaeium) turbinatus, f/-. (p. 185.) Epping
Forest.
28. C. (Phlegmaeium) corrosus, Fr. ; pileus 2 3 in.,
fleshy, expanded and umbilicate, smooth, viscid, discoloured,
at length rivulose, subfloccose, ferruginous, then clay-
colour, opaque when dry ; flesh firm, white ; stem nearly
hollow, equal, white, naked at apex ; cortina fibrillosCj,
white ; bulb depressed, marginate ; gills emarginate, crowded,
narrow, sub-ferruginous.
In pine woods.
29. C. (Phlegmaeium) fulgens, Fr. ; pileus 2-3 in.,
orange-tawny, fleshy, couvexo-plane, obtuse, viscid, some-
times punctate, at length silky-fibrillose or squamulose ;
flesh compact, white-yellow, at length spongy and tan-
colour ; stem solid, curt, equal above the depressed mar-
ginate bulb, woolly with the yellow, densely fibrillose or
viscid cortina, when full-grown elongated ; gills emarginate,
somewhat crowded, entire, at first yellow, at length distant,
tawny, or ferruginous.
In pine woods. Rare.
30. C. (Phlegmaeium) fulmineus, Fr. ; pileus 3 in.,
tawny, variegated with dense irregular, agglutinated scales,
fleshy, at first hemispherical and attached to bulb, then
AGAPJCINI. 187
convex, viscous ; margin regular, at first involute ; flesh
thick, white, yellow at circumference, or wholly yel-
lowish; stem when young enclosed in bulb, then extended,
solid, obese, yellow, naked, white-cortinate at apex ; bulb
depressed, marginate, rooting, wider than young pileus ;
gills rounded, thin, crowded, golden tawny, then tawny.
In shady woods. Ledbury.
31. C. (Phlegmacium) oriohalceus, Batsch ; pileus Sin.,
blood-red or liver-rufescent, margin livid or bay-brown-
ferruginous and cinereous-olive at margin, fleshy, convex,
soon flattened, at length depressed with a viscous pellicle,
or glutinous, the disc spotted with scales ; stem solid, equal,
springiug from a marginate somewhat volvaceous bulb,
fibrillose, fibrils viscid in wet weather from the gluten of the
pileus, yellow-green or dingy pale-yellow ; gills adnate,
broad, crowded, sulphur-yellow, then green.
Under trees. Lyndhurst. New Forest.
**** Gills olivaceous.
32. C. (Phlegmacium) prasinus, Fr. (p. 186.)
33. C. (Pklegmacium) atro-virens, Kalchb. ; pileus com-
pact, convex, even, viscid, dark green or olivaceous-umber,
flesh greenish-yellow ; stem solid, stout, fibrillose, except
the sub-turbinate, marginate bulb ; gills adnate, crowded,
sulphury, then greenish, at length cinnamon.
In pine woods.
3-1. C. (Phlegmacium) scaurus, Fr. (p. 186) ; 2-3 in.
35. C. (Phlegmacium) herpeticus, Fr. ; pileus 3 in.,
fleshy, equal, somewhat spotted, viscid, disc becoming paler ;
flesh violet, then whitish ; stem stufied, flrm, fibrillose,
squalid pallid, base marginate-bulbous ; gills somewhat
adnate, violet-umber, then dingy olive.
In woods.
188 OUTLINES ov liinnsii fl'ngoi,0(,;y.
ttt Elastici. — Cortina sinijilr^ tlnii, j'iKjacioiis, iiiediul or inferior;
stem at first extended, somevhat thin, never margimito-hdhous
or sheathed, hat rigid-elastic, exlernaUy somewhat cartilaginouSy
polished, naked at apex, at length comvwnh/ holhnr : pileus
thin, often h;/grophanovs.
* Gilh vliitish, then chuj coloured, or dirtg cinnamon.
36. C. (Phlegmacium) ciimatilis, Fr. ,- pileus 3 iu.,
violet or purple-violet, convex, obtuse, often irregular, with
a viscous pellicle, even, smooth ; Hesh hard, shiuing white,
furnished with a cortina at apex ; the universal veil which
serves as a pellicle of pileus ruptured at the base and adnate
to it as a separable agglutinated membrane same colour
as pileus ; gills attenuato-adnexed, almost free, crowded,
narrow, with a small decurrent tooth, acute at apex, white,
then clay-colour.
In woods. Honningham, Norfolk.
37. C. (Phlegmacium) serarius, Vr. ; pileus 3-4' in.,
fleshy, convex, then plane, gibbous, unpolished, viscid,
opaque ; stem solid, equal, fibrillose, shining, white ; Hesh
white ; gills arcuatcly adtixed with a decurrent tooth.
crowded, whitish, then clay-colour.
In woods.
38. C. (Phlegmacium) emollitus, /*>. ; pileus 3-4 iu.,
fleshy, lax, sub-repand, delicately fibrilloso-virgate, viscid,
shining when dry, ochraceous-yellow ; margin tliin, broken ;
stem stuffed, short, unequal, fibrillose, soft, white ; flesh
white ; gills emarginate, broad, rather distant, white, then
ochraceous.
In grassy places in beech woods.
39. C. (Phlegmacium) crystallinus, Fr. ; pileus 3 in.,
fleshy, flattened, even, smooth, viscid, shining, hygropha-
AGAKICIXI. 189
nous, white when dry ; stem hollow^, uearly equal, fragile,
fibrillose, whitish ; gills emarginate, crowded, clay-colour.
In beech woods. Taste acrid.
40. C. (Phlegmacium) deeoloratus, Fr. ; pileus 2-4 in.,
clay-colour, disc darker, thin, equally fleshy, campanulate,
then convex, obtuse, soft, viscous, soon dry, smooth, corru-
gated when old ; flesh soft, white, watery ; stem stuffed,
thin, somewhat equal, slightly thickened at base, fibrillose,
silvery, often curved, smooth, naked at apex ; cortiua infe-
rior, fibrillose ; gills emarginate, adnate, or decurrent, not
much crowded, broader than flesh of pileus, clay-colour,
then cinnamon.
In beech, pine, and birch woods. Epping Forest. E liii-
burgh Fungus Show.
** (Jills violaceous, purplish, flesh colour.
41. C. (Phlegmacium) decolorans, Fr. ; pileus H-2-2 in.,
yellow, fleshy, convex, then flattened, somewhat gibbous,
equal, even, smooth, viscous ; flesh thin, firm, white ; stem
stuffed, equally attenuated, shining white, smooth above the
somewhat distant medial cortina ; gills sinuato-adnexed,
crowded, thin, purplish, then soon cinnamon.
In fir woods. Epping Forest.
42. C. (Phlegmacium) porphyropus, Fr. : pileus ll -3 in.,
livid light-yellowish, or clay-colour, thin at margin, convexo-
plane, obtuse, even, innately streaked, viscid; flesh thin,
soft, whitish, becoming purple-lilac when broken ; stem
stuffed, at length hollow, somewhat bulbous or equally
attenuated from the thickened base, sometimes equal,
fragile, externally and internally violaceous-lilac, then pale
or whitish, but soon violaceous-lilac again when touched ;
cortina inferior, fibrillose; gills rounded or emarginate,
190 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUXGOLOGY.
somewhat crowded, rather broad, purplish, then watery
cinnamon, purple when touched.
In woods. Coed Coch.
43. C. (Phlegmacium) croceo-cseruleus, /<>. ; pileus 1 in.,
lilac or faintly violaceous, fleshy, then convex, at length plane,
obtuse or gibbous, even, smooth, viscous ; flesh watery
pallid ; stem hollow, somewhat equal, or attenuated down-
wards, even, smooth, naked, fragile, whitish ; cortina white,
fibrillose, fugacious ; gills attenuated or emargiuate, with a
small decurrent tooth, plane, somewhat distant, blue, then
clay-saffron.
In woods. Laxton Park, Northants.
*** Gills pure ochre, tawny or Jerruginous.
44. C. (Phlegaeium) coruseans, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, plane,
viscid, even, smooth; stem solid, elastic, equal, fibrilloso-
striate, white; gills plano-decurrent, thin, much crowded,
ochraceous.
In copses.
45. C. (Phlegmacium) papulosus, Fr. ; pileus .2^-3 Hn.,
honey-tan-colour at circumference, darker at disc, fleshy, at
first convex, then plane and depressed, viscid, the cuticle
breaking up into minute, granular, fuscous patches when
dry; flesh white; stem solid, firm, fleshy, equal, or thick-
ened at base, densely fibrillose, naked at apex, white ;
cortina inferior, very fugacious, white ; gills adnato-decur-
rent, crowded, at length separating from stem and forming
a spurious collar, pallid, soon ochraceous, at length pale
yellow-cinnamon.
In woods. Durdham Down. Bristol. Glamis.
**** Gills olivaceous, fuliyinous.
No British species.
AGARICINI. 191
Subgenus 2. Myxacium. (p. 186). — Universal veil and
bulbous stem glutinous ; pileus fleshy somewhat thin ;
gills adnate, decuri'ent.
t OoLLiNiTi. — Stem Jloccoso-23eronate, the floccl at first covered
vjith gluten.
46. C. (Myxacium) arvinaeeus, Fr. ; pileus 3—4 in.,
orange-tawny, fleshy, soft, convex, then flattened, reflexed
and undulated, even, smooth, viscous, glistening when dry ;
margin slightly striate when in full vigour ; stem tall, solid,
equal, silky-viscous, never broken up into scales, white ;
cortina soon fibrillose and fugacious; gills adnato-decurrent,
broad, somewhat distant, crenulate at edge, at first straw-
colour, then bright ochraceous.
In beech woods. Blaize Castle. Bristol.
47. C. (Myxacium) coUinitus, Fr. (p. 186.) Eppiug
Forest.
48. C. (Myxacium) mucifluus, Fr. ; pileus livid-clay, tan
when dry, opaque, somewhat fleshy, campauulato-expanded.
smeared with separating hyaline gluten ; margin striate ;
stem attenuated downwards, soft, viscid with the floccoso-
scaly, fugacious veil, white or inclining to azure-blue ; gills
adnate, distinct, clay-colour, then watery cinnamon.
On the ground. Hereford. Odour sweet.
49. C. (Myxacium) elatior, Fr. (p. 186) ; 3-4 in. Epping
Forest.
50. C. (Myxacium) grallipes, Fr. ; pileus 3 in., ferrugi-
nous when moist, ochraceous-tan when dry, opaque, almost
membranaceous with exception of disc, with a prominent,
often acute umbo, campanulate, then flattened, even, hygro-
phanous, slightly viscid ; stem stufted, then hollow, equal,
flexuose, tough, fibroso-striate, viscous, yellowish tawny.
192 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY.
ochraceous when dry, naked at apex ; gills adnate, with a
decurrent tooth, plane, attenuated in front, crowded, clay-
colour, then ferruginous.
Under polars and oaks. Among grass near trees. Ashton
Park, Bristol.
51. C. (Myxacium) livido-ochraceous, B. (p. 186) ; 1 in.
it Delibuti. — Veil entireli/ viscid ; stem viscid, notfloccoso-
j)ero')iate ; loith a varnished appearance when dry.
* Gills ivhitish, then clay colour.
No British species.
** Gills at first violaceous, dark blue or reddish.
52. C. (Myxacium) salor, Fr. ; pileus grey, bright viola-
ceous at the thin inflexed margin, at length same colour,
obtusely conical or parabolic, campanulate, at length flat-
tened with a broad umbo, even, thinly viscous, fibrillose
towards margin when dry; stem solid, conico-attenuated
from the bulbous base, white, when young covered to the
apex with the azure-blue glutinous veil, when old pale,
softer; gills adnate, distant, at first pale grey, edge viola-
ceous or bluish-grey, when full-grown grey-clay-colour or
cinnamon.
In woods. Coed Coch.
53. C. (Myxacium) delibutus, Fr. : pileus 2-3 in., light
yellowish, fleshy, thin, convex, then flattened, obtuse, at
length somewhat depressed, viscid with hyaline gluten,
slightly silky-fibrillose when the gluten disappears ; stem
stuffed or hollow upwards, equally attenuated from the
slightly bulbous base or somewhat equal, elastic, viscous as
far as the scanty fibrillose fugacious cortina, when dry var-
nished, yellowish- white, white at apex; gills aduate, at
AGAKICINI. 193
length rounded or slightly etnarginate, more or less distant,
serrulated, pallid, often crisped at edge, at first dark or
violaceous dark-blue, then clay-cinnaraon.
On the ground. In grassy places. King's Lynn.
5 4. C. (Myxacium) illibatus, Fr. ; pileus 1-3 in., yellow,
disc darker, slightly fleshy, campanulate, then convex, at
length plane and somewhat umbonate, with a viscous
pellicle, even, smooth ; flesh white, very thin at circumfer-
ence ; stem stuff'ed, then soon hollow, soft, slightly attenu-
ated upwards, smooth, viscid, white, with reddish dots
upwards ; cortina superior, fibrillose, fugacious ; gills adnato-
decurrent, arcunte, thin, crowded, entire, flesh-colour, then
clay-cinnamon.
In woods. Coed Coch.
*** Gills at first ochraceous or cinnamon.
55. C. (Myxacium) stillatitius, Fr. ; pileus 2 in., slightly
fleshy, convex, then plane, somewhat umbonate, even,
smooth, covered with azure-blue gluten which is at first
continuous with stem, fuscous-livid when the gluten sepa-
rates in the form of drops, at length grey-white ; flesh soft,
watery, hygrophanous ; stem hollow, soft, equally attenu-
ated, at first sheathed with the azure-blue gluten which is
extended into the cortina, apex naked ; gills emarginate,
scarcely crowded, somewhat distant, dark cinnamon.
Among dead leaves. In mossy places.
56. C. (Myxacium) vibratilis, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, thin,
nearly plane, even, smooth, viscid, shining, hygrophanous ;
stem stufi'ed, soft, conically attenuated, white, glutinous ;
veil fugacious ; gills somewhat adnate, then decurrent, thin,
crowded, pallid ochraceous, then cinnamon.
In woods. Odour and taste disagreeable.
X
?94 OUTLINES OF P.KITISH FUXGOLOGY.
57. C. (Myxaciumj pluvius, Fr. ; pileus i-1 iu., pale
yellow-tawny wheu moist, opaque ocbrey-tau when dry,
slightly fleshy, at first somewhat globose, then convex,
gibbous, at length pellucid-striate, hygrophanous, viscid and
shining in rainy weather; iiesh thin, same colour; stem
elongated, stufted, then hollow, soft, equal or slightly
attenuated upwards, even, naked or obsoletely viscid, with
whiter silky spots ; cortina w^iite and fibrillose, slightly
covered with slime, fugacious ; gills adnexed, separating.,
ventricose, crowded, light yellowish, or at first whitish, then
ochraceous.
In woods. Lea, Gainsborough. Glamis.
Subgenus 3. — Ixoloma (p. 1<S7).
* Gills at first white or jxdlid.
58. C. (Inoloma) argentatus, Fi'. ; pileus 4 in., silvery-
shining, disc becoming pale, at first silky-lilac at margin,
then dun, fleshy, convexo-plane, at length gibbous, silky-
even, becoming smooth; flesh whitish; stem solid, attenu-
ated from the base, smooth, white, at length yellow at base,
internally white; cortina fibrillose, fugacious, adhering to
margin of pileus, pallid ; gills emarginate, crowded, slightly
serrated, pallid, then watery-cinnamon.
In woods. Epping Forest.
Vai'. pinetorum, Cke. ; smaller and more graceful.
Pine woods.
** Gills as well as the veil and stem violaceo7is.
59. C. (Inoloma) violaceus, Fr. (p. 187) ; 3-0 in. Epping
Forest.
60. C. (Inoloma) cyanites, Fr. ; pileus 3-5 in., dark
blue, then pallid azure-blue or livid-fuscous, fleshy, soft.
AGARICINI. 195
convex, then flattened, obtuse, silky, becoming even and
smooth ; flesh azure-blue, then whitish, here and there
reddish when broken ; stem solid, bulbous, fibrillose, dark
azure-blue, lilac when touched, azure-blue within, reddish
blood-colour on contact with atmosphere, when compressed
exuding a watery vinous-reddish juice ; cortina fibrillose,
azure-blue; gills rounded, crowded, thin, commonly dark
blue.
In woods. Reading.
61. C. (Inoloma) muricinus, Fr. ; pileus 3-4 in., com-
pact, obtuse, becoming smooth, violaceous, then reddish
liver-colour ; margin fibrillose ; flesh blue, becoming whitish ;
stem bulbous, without juice, villous, purplish violet, as well
as the emarginate rather crowded gills.
In larch woods.
62. C. (Inoloma) albo-violaceus, Fr. ; pileus 2—3 in.
violaceous- white, fleshy, convex, broadly umbonate, dry,
innately silky and even; flesh juicy, azure-blue white,
solid, firm, clavato-bulbous, or conico-attenuated, externally
and internally white-violaceous, white- villous, fibrillose above
with the cortina, often with the white veil as a zone at the
middle ; gills adnate, somewhat distant, somewhat serru-
lated, cinereous-violaceous, at length cinereous-cinnamon.
In shady woods. Forres. Epping Forest.
63. A. (Inoloma) malachius, -Fr. ; pileus 2 in., rather
compact, obtuse, pallid lilac, then tawny- ferruginous or
hrick-red, becoming pale with a whitish pubescence, soon
discoloured and smooth, at first clad with white fibrils ;
stem bulbous with a bluish veil, the veil and interior
becoming whitish ; gills emarginate, crowded, pallid, pur-
plish, then watery-ferruginous.
In fir woods.
196 OUTLINES OF 15K1TISII rUXGOLOOY.
04. A. (Inoloma) camphoratus, Fr. ; pileus 2—3 in.,
lilac, then yellow or white, not hygroplianous, fleshy, convex,
then flattened, obtuse, at first silky, then smooth ; flesh
azure-blue : stem solid, soft, bulbous or obclavate, when
young with a woolly sheath, violet, internally white at base ;
cortina fibrillose, azure-blue, at length cinnamon ; gills at
first arcuate, adnato-decurrent or emarginatc, thin, crowded,
at first intense azure-blue, then purple.
In woods. Fineshade. Odour foetid.
65. C. (Inoloma) hircinus, Bolt. : pileus fleshy, obtuse
or gibbous, silky, with adpressed violet fibrils, growing
paler, disc smooth, becoming ferruginous; stem bulbous,
without juice, cortinate, pallid violet, yellowish at base and
within ; gills emarginate, rather distant, broad, entire, violet,
then cinnamon.
In fir woods. Foetid. This species is founded on
Bolton's figure.
*** Gills or veil cinnamon, red or ochraceous.
GO. C. (Inoloma) traganus, Fr. ; pileus 3 in., fleshy,
convex, then flattened, obtuse, dry, at first silky, becoming
even, lilac-purplish, soon pale, at length smooth and yellowish
externally and internally ; stem bulbous, solid, spongy,
silky, fibrillose, villous below, violaceous, then whitish,
internally deep safi'ron-ochraceous ; cortina continues with
covering of pileus, pallid violaceous, then cinnamon ; gills
emarginate. broad, firm, thick, safi'ron-ochraceous, at length
cinnamon, somewhat crenate at edge.
In pine woods. Forres, etc. Odour foetid.
Var. finitimus, IVeinm. ; pileus silky, at length smooth,
lilac like stem, which is yellowish and mottled within, not
AGAEICINI. 197
saffron-colour or brown, odour pleasant, but peculiar,
resembling gum beginning to ferment.
67. A. (Inoloma) tophaceus, Fr. ; subcaespitose ; pileus
3 in., golden tawny, opaque, fleshy^ thin at margin^ hemi-
spherical, villoso-squamulose, or slightly silky and shining ;
flesh soft, white ; stem solid, bulbous, villoso-squamulose,
tawny, fibrillose ; veil same colour ; gills emarginate, distant,
same colour, at length tawny cinnamon.
In beech woods. King^s Lynn. Strong smelling.
Va)\ redimitus, Fr. ; pileus thinner, obtusely umbonate,
shining, golden, streaked with innate fibrils ; flesh white ;
stem slightly thickened at base, solid, internally soft, fibroso-
striate, yellowish; gills adnate, with a small decurrent
tooth, light yellow, then tawny.
In mixed wood. Glamis.
68. A. (Inoloma) callisteus, Fr. (p. 187.)
69. A. (Inoloma) Bulliardi, Fr. (p. 187.)
70. A. (Inoloma) vinosus, Cke. ; pileus 2-3 in., sub-
globose, then expanded, at length flattened, vinous-red,
smooth, even, shining; stem cylindrical, violet, thickened
abruptly into a marginate, bulbous, reddish base ; flesh of
pileus paler violet, as well as the upper part of stem ; cortina
reddish ; gills adnexed, ventricose, scarcely crowded, ferru-
ginous cinnamon.
Under trees.
71. A. (Inoloma) bolaris, Fr. (p. 188) ; 1-2 in. Epping
Forest.
**** Gills or veil dark, fuscous^ olivaceous.
72. A. (Inoloma) pholideus, Fr. (p. 188) ; 2-4 in.
Epping Forest.
73. A. (Inoloma; phrygianus, Fr. ; pileus 2-3 in.
198 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUXGOLOGY.
obtuse, honey- colour, hispid, with dense black simple fibrils ;
stem bulbous, reticulated, Avith lax black fibrils ; gills
rounded, rather crowded, dirty yellow.
In shady, moist places, under beeches.
74. A. (Inoloma) sublanatus, Fr. (p. 188) ; 3-1 in.
75. A. (Inoloma), arenatus, Fr. (p. 188.)
70). A. (Inoloma) penicillatus, Fr. ; pileus 1 in,, ferru-
ginous-fuscous, tawny when dry, thin, slightly fleshy, convex,
minutely umbonate, dry, densely floccoso-scaly, scales innate,
dark ferruginous-fuscous ; flesh thin, same colour as pileus ;
stem stuff'ed, equal, fragile, squamose, with adpressed,
fuscous-ferruginous, concentric scales, paler than pileus,
paler and adpressedly silky at apex ; gills separating, plane,
somewhat crowded, broad, dark-brown.
In pine woods. Cabalva.
Subgenus 4. — Dermocybe (p. 189).
* Gills at first ichitish or pallid.
77 . C. (Dermocybe) ochroleucus, Fr. (p. 189) ; 2 in.
Epping Forest.
78. C. (Dermocybe) decumbens, Fr. ; pileus l-H in.,
sometimes white, yellowish, silky-shining, not hygrophanous,
fleshy, firm, convex, then plane, gibbous, at length obtuse,
even, smooth, with a fibrillose pellicle ; stem stuffed, at
length hollow, clavato-bulbous downwards, smooth, white;
cortina fugacious, white ; gills adnexed, crowded, thin, white,
then clay-colour, at length ochrey-cinnaraon.
In woods and grassy places. Epping Forest.
79. C. (Dermocybe) tabularis, Fr. (p. 189) ; 1 in. Ep-
ping Forest.
80. C. (Dermocybe) camurus, Fr. ; pileus 2-3 in..
AGAPJCIXr. 19P
oblique, purple, pallid, fuscous-hoary, not hygi'ophanous,
becoming pale, pallid yellowish, umbo darker, unequally
fleshy, somewhat compact at disc, but membranaceous almost
to middle, with a broad obtuse umbo, when dry riraosely
incised; flesh white; stem somewhat hollow, equal, twisted,
smooth or fibrillose below, externally and internally white,
naked, and silvery shining at apex ; gills variously ad-
nexed, adnate, or almost free, thin, grey-clay colour, then
watery-cinnamon, somewhat fuscous, entire, same colour at
edge.
In mixed woods. Glamis. Epping Forest. Odour rancid.
81. C. (Dermocybe) diabolicus, Fr. ; pileus 1 in.,
fuscous, crusted with grey, thin, smooth, and fuscous-
yellowish, fleshy, thin, hemispherical, obtuse, then gibbous,
dry, fragile, at length cracked ; stem thin, stuffed, attenuated
downwards, smooth, pale, bluish-grey at apex ; cortina
fugacious ; gills adnate, separating, somewhat emarginate,
somewhat crowded, very pale, bluish-grey, then soon whitish,
at length clay-colour,
In mixed woods. Uncommon.
** Gills, veil and stem at first violaceous, becoming purple.
82. C. (Dermocybe) caninus. Fr. (p. 189); 3-4 in.
Epping Forest.
83. C. (Dermocybe) myrtillinus, Fr. ; pileus 2-3 in.,
fuliginous, hoary-silky with fibrils, not rufescent, fleshy,
thin, tough, gibbous, then plane ; flesh watery-fuscous when
moist, white when dry, violaceous at apex of stem ; stem
stufted, tough, slightly bulbous, white silky; cortina scarcely
manifest ; gills adnate, somewhat distant, amethyst azure-
blue, scarcely changing colour, never purple.
In mixed woods. Glamis. Rannoch.
200 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUXGOLOGY.
8J^. A, (Dermocybe) azureus, Fr.; pileus 1^-2 iu., fleshy^
obtuse^ silky shining, and atomate, lilac, becoming hoary ;
stem stuffed, smooth, finely striate, thickened at base,
villous, becoming whitish ; gills rather crowded, bright
blue, then violet.
In beech woods.
H5. A. (Dermocybe) albo-cyaneus, Fr. ; pileus fleshy,
convex, then plane, obtuse, with an evanescent silky pellicle,
then smooth, from white becoming yellowish ; stem stuffed,
somewhat clavate, naked; gills emarginate, broad, crowded,
bluish purple, becoming somewhat ochraceous.
In beech woods.
86. A. (Dermocybe) anomalous, Fr. (p. 190) ; 1 in.
Epping Forest.
87. A. (Dermocybe) spilomeus, Fr. (p. 190) ; 1 in.
88. A. (Dermocybe) lepidotus, Ckc\ ; pileus 1-2 in.,
fleshy, smooth, even, rather thin, convex, then expanded,
gibbous, umber, with a tinge of violet near the margin,
becoming rufescent near the disc ; flesh whitish, with a
darker line near gills ; stem attenuated upwards, becoming
hollow when old, violet at apex, dirty white below ; veil
whitish, with a tinge of violet ; gills adnate, rather crowded,
thin, violet, then cinnamon.
On the ground. Epping Forest.
*** Gills bright cinncmwn, red, yelloir ; stem and fibril! ose
cortina coloured.
89. A. (Dermocybe) miltinus, Fr.; pileus 1-1^ in., bay-
brown-cinnaraou, when moist dark cinnamon, when dry
shining brick-colour, disc somewhat bay-brown, fleshy, thin,
convex, then expanded, obtuse or gibbous, even, lustrous,
smooth, flesh watery, tan when dry ; stem fistulose, tough.
AGAPJCINI. 201
somewhat cartilaginous, attenuated upwards, often twisted,
white-tomentose at base, ciunamou or reddish, with red
fibrils, often villous at apex ; cortina red ; gills aduatC;,
almost linear, crowded, thin, reddish cinnamon, then fer-
ruginous.
In mixed woods. Ledbury.
90. C. (Dermocybe) cinnatoarinus, Fr. ; pileus 2-3 in,,
scarlet-red, fleshy, campanulate, thin, flattened, obtuse or
obtusely umbonate, silky, then smooth, shining and obso-
letely silky; flesh paler; stem solid, equal, or bulbous,
fibrillose or striate, scarlet-red, reddish brick-colour in-
ternally ; cortina fibrillose, lax, cinnabar ; gills adnate,
somewhat decurrent, somewhat distant, connected by veins,
unequal and darker at edge, dark blood-colour when
bruised.
In beech woods. Street, etc. Epping Forest.
91. C. (Dermocybe) sanguineus, Fr. (p. 190) ; \-\h in.
Epping Forest,
92. C. (Dermocybe) anthracinus, Fr. ; pileus dark
chestnut or brown-fuscous, fleshy at the umbonate disc,
otherwise thin, convex then expanded, umbo persistent,
becoming fibrillose, even or smooth ; flesh dark, same as
pileus ; stem fistulose, equal, fibrillose, intense blood-colour,
fuscous towards base ; gills adnate, crowded, deep fiery-red,
blood-red when bruised.
In woods. Coed Coch,
93. C. (DermocybeJ cinnamomeus, Fr. (p. 190); li— 1
in. Epping Forest.
Var. semisanguineus, Fr. ; gills blood-red.
Var. croceus, Fr. ; smaller ; pileus, somewhat squamu-
lose ; gills less crowded, becoming yellowish.
94?. C. (Dermocybe) croceo-conus, Fr. ; pileus rather
202
OUTLINES OF BlilTISII FUXGOLOGY.
fleshy, conic, tlien campanulate, persistently acute, becom-
ing smooth, tawny, cinnamon ; stem slender, llexuous ;
gills ascending, linear, crowded, cinnamon.
Among moss.
95. C. (Dermocybe) uliginosus, B. (p. 190) ; 2 in.
96. C. (Dermocybe) orellanus, Fr. ; pilcus orange,
tawny, fleshy, obtusely umbonate, villoso-squamulose or
orange fibrillose; flesh same colour as pileus, reddening;
stem solid, tawny, firm, striate, fibrillose ; cortina tawny ;
gills adfixed, broad, somewhat distant, at length opaque.
In mixed woods. Coed Coch. Epping Forest.
97. C. (Dermocybe) infucatus, Fr. ; small ; pileus
1-1 2 in. j bright yellow, not hygrophanous, fleshy, convex,
obtuse, silky when dry, even ; flesh whitish ; stem equally
attenuated upwards, base clavate, solid, even, fibrillose,
externally and internally pallid light yellow ; cortina mani-
fest, yellow, then cinnamon ; gills adnate, crowded, thin,
almost linear, tawny, then cinnamon.
In woods. Heywood Forest, Hereford.
**** Olivaceous; veil dingy ^xdlid or fuscous ; 2>ileus not torn
into scales.
98. C. (Dermocybe) cotoneus, Fr. ; pilcus 3 in., fleshy,
campanulate, then expanded, bullate, somewhat rcpand, in-
nately velvety, olive ; stem solid ; girt by the dusky veil,
incrassated at base; gills rather crowded, olive, then brown -
cinnamon.
Under oaks.
99. C. (Dermocybe) subnotatus. P.; pileus 4 in., fleshy,
thin, campanulate, then flattened, squamulose with hoary,
superficial flocci, fragile, olive, then fuscous; stem spongy,
stuffed, conical, elongated, marked with scales or fibrils
AGAEICINl. 203
and the yellowish veil, smooth and shining at apex ; gills
adnate, ventricose, connected by veins, broad, somewhat
thick, rather distant, yellowish, then olivaceous-cinnamon.
Under beeches, etc.
100. C. (Dermoeybe) raphanoid.es, Fr. (p. 191), 1-2 in.
101. C. (Dermoeybe) valgus, Fr. ; pileus convex, some-
what gibbous, even, becoming smooth, olivaceous, then
brick-red, margin somewhat membranaceous ; stem some-
what hollow, elongated, twisted, naked, pallid, shining, apex
striate, sub-violaceous, bulb rooting, whitish, tomentose ; gills
affixed, rather distant, dingy yellow, then brick-red.
Among moss in woods.
102. C. (Dermoeybe) venetus, Fr. ; gregarious ; pileus
I2-2 in., green, greenish-yellow, then yellow, not hygro-
phanous, fleshy, hemispherical, obtuse, equal, persistently
velvety or tomentose ; flesh yellowish-pallid ; stem stuffed
or hollow upwards, equal. Arm, curved, same colour or
paler than pileus, externally tibrilloso-silky, greenish-yellow,
or yellow- villous ; cortina fibrillose, green ; gills adnate, con-
nected by veins, somewhat distant, broad, segmental, darker
than pileus, olivaceous.
In woods. Rannoch.
Subgenus 5. — Telamoxia (p. 191).
103. C. (Telamonia) macropus, Fr. ; pileus 3 in., brick-
«olour, then ferruginous, fleshy, thin, convex, then flattened,
margin at first inflexed, obtuse, dry, hoary with small
squamules, then smooth ; flesh cinereous ; stem solid, some-
what equal, stout, fibrillose, dingy-whitish, then same colour
as pileus; veil distant, woven into a narrow ring, white;
gills adnexed, broad, distant, crenate or entire, pallid, then
-watery cinnamon.
201 OUTLINES OF BKITISH FUNGOLOGV.
lu woods. Leigh Wood, Bristol.
104. C. (Telamonia) laniger, Fr. ; pileus compact,
hemispherical, expanded, obtuse, woolly with superficial
white scales, then smooth, golden-tawny ; stem stout, nearly
equal, while, sheathed with a peronate white veil, annulate ;
gills adnexed or rounded behind, rather distant, tawny-
saftron, shining.
In larch woods.
105. C. (Telamonia) bivelus, Fr. ; growing in troops ;
pileus 2-4 in., tawny-ferruginous, spotted or darker at disc,
not hygrophanous, somewhat equally fleshy, convexo-plane,
obtuse, soft, bibulous, smooth or slightly silky at margin,
shining, rarely opaque, sometimes rivulose; stem solid,
fleshy-spongy, sometimes bulbous, or longer and equally
attenuated, or curt, thick, dingy-white, internally somewhat
ferruginous; exterior veil villous, sheathing, white; ring
spurious, fugacious, above which the thin cortina vanishes ;
gills adnate, somewhat emarginate, at first somewhat
crowded, then somewhat distant, more or less broad, bright
tawny-cinnamon.
In woods. Coed Coch., Glamis.
106. C. (Telamonia) bulbosus, Fr. (p. 191) ; 3 in.
107. C. (Telamonia) urbicus, Fr.; pileus 2 in., clay-
whitish, fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, smooth, pitted when
large; flesh firm, whitish; stem solid, equal, round above
middle, with a narrow ring, when young villous above ring ;
gills emarginate, crowded, thin, broad, watery-ferruginous.
In grassy places. Cabalva.
108. C. (Telamonia) licinipes, Fr.; pileus 2-3 in., pale
yellow, tan-pallid when dry, fleshy-membranaceous, cam-
panulate, then convex and flattened, obtusely umbonate, at
length depressed round umbo, even, smooth ; flesh hygro-
AGAKICIXI. 205
phanous ; stem stuffed, then hollow, fragile, equal, flexu-
ous, white, white-villous at base, elsewhere clothed with
shining floccoso-plumose scales, at length plane ; ring dis-
tant, membranaceous ; gills adnate, broad behind, some-
what crowded, entire, watery-cinnamon.
In fir woods.
109. C. (Telamonia) microcyclus, Fr. ; pileus 1 in.,
submembranaceous, convexo-plane, even, smooth, testaceous
brown, becoming pale, opaque, umbonate, disc darker ;
stem stuffed, attenuated upwards from the thickened base,
pallid ; veil collapsing in an annular zone ; gills adnate,
broad, distant, lilac, then cinnamon.
Under trees.
** Stem and gills violctceous ; cortina commonly white-
violaceous ; universal veil white.
110. C. (Telamonia) torvus, Fr.=^C. torosus (p. 191),
3-4 in. Epping Forest.
111. C. (Telamonia) impennis, Fr. ; pileus 1-4 in.,
umber, then brick-colour, at length dingy, somewhat equally
fleshy, obtuse, convex, smooth, at first silky at margin, at
length cracked; iiesh pallid; stem solid, cylindrical, scarcely
bulbous, not scaly, pale, becoming violet at apex, internally
azure blue, girt towards apex by a white zone formed by veil ;
cortina same colour ; gills adnate, then emarginate, distant,
rather thick, at first deep bright purplish-violaceous, theu
watery-ferruginous.
Among dead leaves. Bomere.
112. C. (^Telamonia) plumiger, Fr. ; pileus fuscous-oli-
vaceous, when dry brick-tan, hygrophanous, slightly fleshy,
conical, then campanulate, with a broad, obtuse, prominent
206 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUXGOLOGY.
umbo, ofteu cracked, dry and clothed with dense white
floccoso-plumose scales, erect and squarrose or adpressed
and silky ; stem solid, clavate, pale, internally watery-
whitish ; veil floccoso-scaly on apex of stem, somewhat
ring-like, shining white ; gills adnate, scarcely crowded,
broad, at first violaceous, then watery, at length pure cin-
namon, edge entire, same colour, or clay-colour.
In mixed woods. Glamis.
113. C. (Telamonia) scutulatus, Fr. ; small; purple
umber or brick-fuliginous, hygrophanous, brick-colour when
dry, somewhat fleshy, ovato-globose, then campanulato-
hemispherical, obtuse, white-silky at margin, then naked,
rivulose, innato-squamulosc or lacunose-wrinkled ; flesh
thin, violaceous ; stem solid, rigid, cylindrical or bulbous,
externally and internally deep violaceous, then fuscous,
white-villous at base, somewhat rooted, sheathed, and some-
what ringed by the white veil ; gills adnate or emarginate,
more or less distant, violaceous, then purple, serrated at
edge when young, at length cinnamou.
In moist woods. Foxley. Cabalva. Variable. Odour
of radish.
114. C. (Telamonia) evernius, Fr. (p. 191) ; 2-4 in.
Epping Forest.
115. C. (Telamonia) quadricolor, Fr. ; pileus 2-3 in.,
pallid yellow, somewhat tawny, shining when dry, slightly
fleshy, conical, then flattened, umbonate, smooth, at length
pierced or spotted, radiato-striate at margin ; flesh thin, same
colour; stem stuff'ed, thin, hollow, equal, flexuous, slightly
rigid, fibrilloso-striate with adpressed veil, violaceous-whitish ;
veil collapsing above as a round, oblique, white, evanescent
ring ; gills adnate, distant, broad, thin, white, serrated at
edge, dark violaceous, or purplish, then cinnamon.
AGAEICIXI. 207
In woods. Coed Coch. Blaize Castle, Bristol.
*** Stem and veil reddish or yellow ; gills taiony or cinnamon^
neither violaceous or becoming brown.
116. C. (Telamonia) armillatus, Fr. (p. 192) ; 3-5 in.
Epping Forest.
117. C. (Telamonia) hsematoehelis, Fr. ; pileus pallid^
fuscous brick-colour, fleshy, thin, gibbous, silky fibrillose ;
stem solid, thickened, not bulbous, attenuated upwards,
encircled with a rufous zone, becoming fuscous internally ;
gills adnate, crowded, somewhat narrow, pallid cinnamon.
In woods. Coed Coch.
118. C. (Telamonia) limonius, Fr. (p. 192) ; 3-4 in.
119. C. (Telamonia) helvolus, Fr. ; pileus 1-3 in., dark
tawny-cinnamon, thin, pale yellow, slightly fleshy, convexo-
plane, obtuse or obtusely umbonate, smooth, then even,
margin cortinate, bent upwards; stem firm, solid, rarely
pierced, somewhat equal, not tense and straight, fibrillose,^
furnished with an annular, narrow, ferruginous-margined
zone, formed of the woven veil ; gills marginate, broad,
distant, thick, veined at base, opaque, tawny, then dark
cinnamon.
In mixed woods. Coed Coch. Glamis.
120. C. (Telamonia) hinnuleus, Fr. (p. 192.) Epping
Forest.
121. C. (Telamonia) gentilis, Fr. ; gregarious; pileus
\-\ in., tawny-cinnamon, yellow when dry, hygrophanous,
slightly fleshy, conico-expended, then flattened, acutely
umbonate, rimosely incised, varying somewhat silky ; flesh
thin, same colour ; stem stuffed, then hollow, slender,
equal or attenuated at base, often curved, fibrillose, same
colour as pileus, never pale ; veil forming one or more
208 OUTLINES OF lUUTISlI I'UNGOLOGY.
ammlar zones, oblique, sometimes lloccose, scaly below
ring, yellow ; gills adnate, thick, distant, plane, connected
by veins, entire, tawny-cinnamon.
In woods, chiefly pine, frequent.
122. C. (Telamonia) helvelloides, Fr. ; pileus A— 1 in.,
ferruginous, tawny when dry, somewliat membranaceous,
convex, then flattened, umbonate, smooth, somewhat striate
when moist, then cracked and squarrosc ; stem fistulose,
equal, undulated and flexuous, somewhat ferruginous, with-
out whiteness ; veil yellowish, silky at margin of pileus,
somewhat ring-like at the white, silky and glittering apex of
stem ; gills adnate, thick, and distant, rather broad, at first
violaceous-umber, with white-floccose edge, then umber-
cinnamon and ferruginous.
In mixed woods, uncommon.
123. C. (Telamonia) rubellus, Ckc. ; pileus 2-3 in.,
Heshy, campanulate, then expanded, rufous-orange, darker
at umbo, disc fleshy, thin at margin ; flesh reddish-ochre ;
stem thick, solid, equal or attenuated upwards, pale above,
darker below, marked with concentric, dark ferruginous,
fibrillose bands ; gills adnate, sinuate, rather narrow,
•scarcely crowded, pale, then bright ferruginous-red.
In swampy places.
**** Stem becoming //(scoits ; veil/itscons or (firti/, <jllls dark-
coloitred.
124'. C. (Telamonia) bovinus, Fr. ; pileus 4 in., fleshy,
convex, then plane, even, becoming smooth, watery-cinna-
mon, at length pertuse ; stem stout, spongy-bulbous, grey,
then dingy-cinnamon, whitish above the dusky zone : gills
affixed, broad, rather distant, cinnamon.
In woods.
aCtAricini. 209
125. C. (Telamonia) nitrosus, Cke. ; pileus 2-3 in.,
fleshy^ rather thin, obtuse, convex, then expanded, undulate
at margin, fawn-colour or tawny, darker and brownish at
disc, soon breaking up into minute, somewhat concentric
darker scales; stem, short, stout, solid, ochraceous, darker
at base, nearly equal, paler than pileus, marked below with
concentric darker squamose bands; gills broad, somewhat
distant, emarginate, violet, then watery-cinnamon.
In mixed woods.
126. C. (Telamonia) brunneus, Fr. ; pileus campanu-
late, then flattened, umber, reddish, tan-colour when dry,
naked, resolved at margin into innate fibrils, umbo fleshy,
obtuse; stem stuffed, elongated, attenuated upwards, elastic,
dingy, white-striate ; veil, band-like, dingy-white ; gills ad-
nate, thick, distant, purplish, then brownish-cinnamon.
In moist places in woods. Epping Forest.
127. C. (Telamonia) injucundus, Weinm. ; pileus com-
pact, convex, then plane, obtuse, cinnamon, becoming dusky,
fibrillose; stem solid, clavate, attenuated upwards, same
colour, at length tawny-yellowisb, fibrils and veil dingy;
gills emarginate, broad, lilac, then clay-colour.
In fir woods.
128. C. (Telamonia) glandicolor, Fr. ; umber ; pileus
1-2 in., somewhat fleshy, convex then flattened, umbonate.
becoming dusky-hoary when dry ; stem rather hollow,
equal, slender, straight, somewhat fibrillose ; veil in the
form of a distant white zone ; gills aduate, broad, distant
entire.
In pine woods.
129. C. (Telamonia) punctatus, Fr. : pileus h in.,
hoary-umber, tan, somewhat membranaceous, couico-convex,
smooth, at length even, pierced; stem somewhat fistulose,^
o
210 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGV.
equal, slender, uudulated, fibrilloso-striate, yellow fuscous,
girt with a pallid, fuscous zone from the fugacious veil ;
gills aduate, distant, entire, brown-cinnamon.
Leptophylli. — Gills iiarrow, thin, more or less crowded; pileus
thin, stem externally more rigid, someichat cartilaginous, stuffed
or hollow, often attenuated downwards.
* Stem whitish, pallid, not Jloccoso-scal f/ .
130. C. (Telamonia) triformis, Fr.; pileus 2-3 in.,hygro-
phanous, fawn-colour, brownish, then livid yellowish or
honey-colour, isabelline or dingy-tan when dry, unequally
fleshy, thin at the margin, convex, then plane, obtuse, or
slightly gibbous, superficially fibrillose or becoming smooth,
at length pierce-dotted, even, opaque ; stem somewhat
bulbous, stuffed, spongy internally, fragile, rather smooth,
pallid, ringed upwards with the woven veil ; ring distant,
white ; gills adnate, ventricose, somewhat emarginate, con-
nected by veins, somewhat distant, thin, watery honey-
colour, then watery-cinnamon.
In woods. Alresford, Hants.
131. C. (Telamonia) biformis, Fr. ; pileus li-3 in.,
conico-campanulate, then expanded, smooth, shining, fer-
ruginous-bay, with a prominent fleshy umbo ; stem stuffed,
rigid, attenuated downwards, fibrilloso-striate, paler, with
an oblique, white, sometimes obsolete, ring ; gills adnate,
rather crowded, crenulate. cinnamon.
In mixed woods.
** Stein inclining to violet.
132. C. (Telamonia) periscelis, Fr. (p. 193) ; 2 in.
133. C. (Telamonia) flexipes, Fr. ; pileus l-l in., dark
fuscous- brown, or inclining to violaceous, then pale, pale
AGARICINT. 211
yellow in dry weather, tan when old, slightly fleshy, at first
conical and acute, then expanded and acutely umbonate, at
length depressed round umbo, hoary-fibrillose, then naked,
torn when old ; flesh thin, same colour as pileus ; stem
stuffed, then pierced, equal, flexuose, floccoso-scaly below
the woven white ring, pallid, violaceous at apex or through-
out; gills adnate, slightly distant, broad, purple or umber
violaceous, at length cinnamon, whitish at edge.
In woods. Frequent.
134. C. (Telamonia) flabellus, Fr. ; growing in troops ;
pileus f in., olivaceous-fuscous, tan when dry, somewhat
membranaceous, acutely umbonate, conical, then flattened,
at first superficially scaly, silky when dry, at length rimosely
incised, fibrillose ; flesh thin, paler ; stem generally elon-
gated, stuff'ed, then hollow, equal, undulated and flexuose,
floccoso-scaly, pallid, violet at apex ; veil white, inferior,
originating the scales on stem, terminating in a ring ; gills
adnate, crowded, linear, narrow, dark violaceous, cinnamon
then ferruginous.
In woods. Coed Coch.
*** Stem and pileus taivny, ferruginous.
135. C. (Telamonia) psammocephalus, Fr. (p. 193) ; 1 in.
136. C. (Telamonia) incisus, Fr. ; growing in troops or
csespitose ; pileus tawny-ferruginous or olivaceous-fuscous,
opaque, slightly fleshy, variable, acutely or obsoletely um-
bonate, convexo-expanded, naked, then fibrillose or scaly,
even and shining after exposure to sun ; veil somewhat
zoned, white ; stem curt or elongated, somewhat stuffed,
flexuose, fibrous, fibrillose, not polished ; gills adnate, some-
what distant, cinnamon-ferruginous.
In woods. Loughborough.
212 OUTLINES OK BRITISH FUNGOLOGY.
137. C. (Telamonia) iliopodius, Fr. (p. 193) ; 1-2 in.
**** S'tem /loccoso-scalij, and, as icell as the j^'deus, fuscous.
138. C. (Telamonia) hemitrichus, Fr. ; pileus 1 -3 in.^
dark fuscous^ then fuscous-tan, acute or obtuse, umbo dark,
somewhat fleshy, convexo-expanded, or obtuse, sometimes
umbilicate, more or less superficially white-fibrilloao-curled
with erect flocci, never torn ; stem hollow, equal, thick, firm,
pallid fuscous, white fiocculose below the medial woven ring ;
shining white, membranaceous and reflexed; gills adnate,ven-
tricose at base, crowded, clay-colour, at length cinnamon.
In mixed woods. Uncommon. Epping Forest.
139. C. (Telamonia) stemmatus, Fr. ; pileus 1-^-2 in.,
date-brown when moist, pale when dry, slightly fieshy,
convex then flattened, obtuse, fragile, hoary-silky at margin
when moist, fibrillose when dry ; stem stufted then fistulose,
ringed or naked, equal or attenuated at base, often curved,
soft, externally and internally ferruginous date-brown, paler,
becoming silky- even at apex; gills aduate^ crowded, broad,
narrower behind, date-brown, opaque.
In moist woods. Lyne. Sussex.
140. C. (Telamonia) rigidus, Scop. ; pileus 1 in., some-
what membranaceous, conical, then convex, umbonate,
smooth, shining bay-brown ; flesh dark, like pileus ; stem
stuffed, then hollow, thin, equal, flexiiose, paler, girt with
a squamose, white veil ; gills adnate, rather crowded, broad,
distinct, ferruginous, then cinnamon.
In damp places in woods. Epping Forest. Strong
scented.
141. C. (Telamonia) paleaeeus, Fr. ; pileus fuscous when
damp, dingy when dry, hygrophanous, somewhat membra-
naceous, conical then expanded, acutely or obtusely umbo-
AGARICINL 213
nate, at first silky, with superficial squamulose white-villous
dowu, becoming smooth, opaque ; fiesh of disc same colour ;
stem fistulose, slender, somewhat tough, undulated, exter-
nally and internally fuscous, at first paler, white-villous at
base and slightly squamulose with white flocci, white ring
at apex; gills adnate, broad, pallid-whitish, then cinnamon.
In beech woods. Cabalva. Epping Forest.
142. C. (Telamonia) Cookei, Quel. ; pileus i in., tawny-
yellow, invested with a paler, shining, woolly veil ; pileus
conical, umbonate, fibrillose ; stem slender, flexuose, stuffed,
girt with floccose rings ; gills violet, then reddish, at length
rust-colour.
In woods.
Subgenus 6. Hygrocybe (p. 193). — Pileus smooth, or supei-ficially
white-fibrillose, not viscous, changing colour from moist to
dry ; cortina thin, fibrillose or collapsing and forming an
irregular zone on stem.
I. FiRMiORES. — Pileus sonieichat fleshy, convex or camipamdato-
convex, expanded, obtuse or gibbous ; margin at first incurved •
stem usually attenuated upwards.
* Stem and cortina white.
143. C. (Hygrocybe) flrmus, Fr. ; pileus equally fleshy,
hemispherical, then expanded, obtuse, becoming smooth,
ochraceous, ferruginous when moist ; flesh compact, white ;
stem solid, stout, somewhat bulbous, fibrilloso-striate, white,
fibrils and cortina becoming ferruginous ; gills affixed, thin^
ferruginous, then cinnamon.
In woods.
144. C. (Hygrocybe) subferrugineus, Fr. ; pileus 3 m.,
ferruginous or watery-cinnamon, more or less hygropha-
nous, shining when dry, tawny, becoming pale, unequally
214 OUTLINES OF EPxITISII FUNGOLOGV.
fleshy, more compact at disc, convex then expanded, obtuse,
slightly flexuose, firm, not rigid, even, smooth, dingy isabel-
line-white ; stem variable, solid, more or less bulbous, at-
tenuated upwards, adpressedly fibrillose, externally rigid
and somewhat cartilaginous, pallid, internally soft, saflFron-
yellow at base ; veil fibrillose, marginal, fugacious ; gills
emarginate, more or less crowded, opaque, pallid, watery,
then dark ferruginous.
In woods. Coed Coch.
145. C. (Hygrocybe) armeniacus, Fr. (p. 193) ; 2-4 in.
146. C. (Hygrocybe) damascenus, Fr. ; pileus 3 in.,
fleshy, thin, convex then plane, obtuse then broadly gib-
bous, smooth bay-cinnamon, brick-ved and rivulose when
dry; stem solid, firm, cylindrical, elastic and, as well as
the fibrillose veil, becoming whitish ; gills adnate, thin,
crowded, opaque, cinnamon.
In grassy places. Taste acrid.
147. C. (Hygrocybe) privignus, Fr. ; pileus 2 in., ground
colour fuscous, becoming hoary, pale with a thin white
film, pallid-tan when dry; slightly fleshy, convex, then flat-
tened or reflexed and undulated, obtusely umbonate, dry,
hygrophanous ; stem stuff'ed then hollow, attenuated from
base, equal or twisted, pale- silvery, partially white-silky from
veil ; gills adnate, broad, not crowded, distinct, at first
watery, then opaque-cinnamon, serrated and whitc-firabriate
at edge when perfect.
In pine woods. Herefordshire.
148. C. (Hygrocybe) duracinus, Fr. ; pileus 2 in.,
watery brick-colour when moist, tan when dry, opaque,
fleshy, plane with a broad obtuse umbo, elevated ridge
round margin, which is at first bent inwards, white-silky,
then flattened, naked and even, cuticle hard, rigid, fragile ;
AGARICINI. 215
stem solid, hard, somewhat bulbous, rooted at attenuated
base, externally even, smooth, rigid, with a thick carti-
laginous separable cuticle, fragments revolute on breaking
up ; cortina forming a narrow silky-white zone at margin
of pileus ; gills adnate, moderately crowded, watery cinna-
mon.
On the ground in woods. In old pastures beside stumps.
Dun. Scone.
149. C, (Hygrocybo) illuminus, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, con-
vex, then plane, gibbous, smooth, pale brick-red, reddish-
tan when dry, circumference thin, virgate under a lens ;
stem somewhat hollow, attenuated, silky-fibrillose, pallid,
then becoming ferruginous ; gills adnate, slightly crowded,
somewhat distant, pallid, then cinnamon.
In pine woods.
150. C. (Hygrocybe) tortuosus, Fr. ; pileus rather fleshy,,
convex, somewhat gibbous, smooth, even, shining, ferrugi-
nous-bay, brick-red when dry ; stem rather hollow, rigid,
equal, somewhat twisted, silvery ; gills adnate, crowded,
entire, tawny, becoming purple when bruised.
In damp pine woods.
151. C. (Hygrocybe) dilutus, F/-. (p. 194) ; 2 in. Epping
Forest.
"■■■* Stem and gills commonly inclining to violet.
152. C. (Hygrocybe) saturninus, Fr. ; somewhat csespi-
tose; pileus 2-5 in., dark bay-brown, changing colour,
umber when damp, soon pale, brick-colour, unequally fleshy,
campanulate then expanded, obtuse, even, smooth, super-
ficially silky from veil at margin ; flesh violaceous, then
whitish ; cortina inferior, abundant, white, not forming a
216 OUTLINES OK BIHTLSH FUNGOLOGY.
zone ; gills rounded^ adfixed, broad, crowded^ thin, fragile,
purplish, at length watery-ferruginous.
In grassy places. Kpping Forest.
153. C. (Hygrocybo) imbutus, Fr. ; pileus 3 in., sienna-
brown, then pale yellowish, unequally fleshy, convex, obtuse,
even, smooth, obsoletely hoary-fibrillose at margin ; stem
solid, equal, sometimes twisted, even, whitish, pale viola-
ceous at apex, same colour internally ; cortina fugacious,
white, adhering to margin of pileus and apex of stem ; gills
rounded, somewhat distant, at first dark bluish-grey or
violaceous-cinereous, then watery cinnamon, never purplish.
In woods. Dinmore.
154. C. (Hygrocybe) oastaneus, Fr. (p. 194.)
155. C. (Hygrocybe) bicolor, Cke.; pileus 1-2 in., rather
fleshy, campanulate, then expa;ided, broadly or acutely um-
bonate, somewhat fragile, dingy whitish, with an occasional
tinge of lilac, even, smooth, silky, shining ; flesh thin,
colour of pileus, or paler ; stem equal or attenuated down-
wards, pallid violet, becoming whitish, solid ; flesh bright
purplish-violet at base, pallid above ; veil fugacious, white ;
gills adnate, with a tooth, sub-ventricose, slightly eroded at
edge, rather broad, scarcely crowded, purplish-violet, then
cinnamon.
On the ground, in mixed woods.
*** Stem and someivhat obsolete veil yellom or rn/ous.
15G. C. (Hygrocybe) balaustinus, Fr. ; pileus fleshy,
convex then plane, obtuse, moist, virgate with innate fibrils,
smooth, reddish ferruginous, tawny, brick-red and shining
when dry ; stem solid, conically attenuated, flbrilloso-striate,
AGAKICINI. 217
pallid, then within and without tawny-ferruginous ; gills
adnata, broad behind, rather crowded, ferruginous-red.
In beech woods.
157. C. (Hygrocybe) colus, Fr. ; pileus 1-2 in., browu-
rufescent, brick-colour, paler and shiniug when dry, some-
what fleshy, campanulate, convex, obtusely umbonate or
obtuse, dingy whitish when dry ; flesh same colour ; stem
stuffed, almost solid, equally attenuated upwards, with
blood-red mycelium at base, stiff, naked, not cartilaginous,
paler than pileus, fibrillose, fibrils same colour as pileus ;
cortina fibrillose, tawny-reddish ; gills adnate, scarcely
sinuate, plane, firm, tough, rather thick, scarcely crowded,
veined, dark cinnamon, paler when young.
In woods. Blaize Castle, Bristol.
158. C. (Hygrocybe) isabellinus, Batsch ; pileus rather
fleshy, convex, somewhat umbonate, honey-colour, smooth,
becoming yellowish and shining when dry ; stem rather
hollow, equal, rigid, striate, naked, becoming yellowish ;
gills adnate, firm, rather distant, yellow, then cinnamon
clay-colour.
In pine woods.
159. C. (Hygrocybe) renidens, Fr. ; pileus 1-2 in.,
ferruginous-tawny when damp, ochraceous when dry, be-
coming pale at disc, slightly fleshy, firm, convexo-plane,
obtuse or gibbous, smooth, shining ; flesh thin, paler ; stem
firm, stufted, equal, externally somewhat cartilaginous, dis-
solvable into fibrils of same colour as pileus, pale yellowish,
then tawny ; cortina laxly fibrillose, fugacious, yellow ;
gills adnate, separating-free, somewhat crowded, entire,
pallid-cinnamoD, then tawny.
' In shady woods. Epping Forest.
318 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUXGOLOGY.
**** Stem inclining to fuscous ; c&i'tina pallid dirty lohite,
not yelloiv ; gills dark.
160. C. (Hygrooybe) uraceus, F7\ ; pileus 1-2 iu.^ when
moist umber or inclining to olive, somewhat shining, when
dry tan or isabelline, when young brick-colour, slightly
fleshy, conical, campanulate, then expanded, umbonate or
obtuse, when moist even and smooth, when dry somewhat
fibrillose ; flesh fuscous, darker in the stem ; stem slightly
tubular, stufted then hollow, cylindrical, equal, firm, fibril-
loso-striate, becoming even, fuscous, naked and pale at
apex, inclining to olive, at length wholly fuscous-black,
internally same colour ; cortina superior, fibrillose, fuscous ;
gills adnate, ventricose, firm, distant, cinuamou-brown,
edge entire and same colour, or white and fimhriato-
scrrated.
In pine woods. Dinmore.
161. C. (Hygrocybe) jubarinus, Fr. ; pileus 1^-3 in.,
tawny-cinnamon, shining, somewhat fleshy, campauulato-
flattened, obsoletely umbonate, when large and old depressed
in centre, often repand and undulated, at length reflexed,
rimoso-incised at margio, fragile, even, smooth at disc ;
when young silky at margin with the white veil, when
old innately fibrillose under a lens; stem at first stufi'ed,
then hollow, fibrilloso-striate, externally and internally
pale tawny, paler at base and naked apex ; gills adnate,
somewhat distant, tawny-cinnamon, edge entire, same
colour.
In woods. Coed Coeli.
162. C. (Hygrocybe) pateriformis, Fr. ; pileus 1 in.,
somewhat fleshy, rigid, plane or depressed, obtuse, orbi-
cular, dusky-chestnut, sprinkled with fugacious white
AGARICINI. 219
fibrils ; stem hollow, equal, straight, fibrillose, white then
dusky ; gills emarginate, adnate, somewhat crowded, brick-
red.
In damp places.
163. C. (Hygrocybe) unimodiis, B)-it. ; pileus 1^-2 in.,
campanulate, then expanded, rufous-brown, smooth, margin
straight ; stem equal, fibrous, same tint ; gills distant,
brown.
In grassy places.
II. Tenuiores. — Pileus someichat mewhrunaceous, conical then
exjjanded, umbo aciite or obtuse, vanishing, margin at first
straight ; stem somewhat equal or attenuated at base.
* Stem white.
164. C. (Hygrocybe) dolabrates, Fr. ; pileus 2-4 in.,
between fleshy aud membranaceous, campanulate then ex-
panded, obtuse, smooth, brick-red, even and tan-colour
when dry, silky at margin ; stem long, stout, cylindrical,
smooth, clear white ; gills adnate, very broad, distiuct,
distant, tawny-cinnamon.
In damp places in pine woods. Epping Forest.
165. C. (Hygrocybe) ringens, Fr. ; pileus 1-2 in.,
opaque tan-clay-colour when damp, tan-whitish when dry,
fleshy, thin, campanulate, lax, then convex, obtuse or
broadly gibbous, even, smooth ; flesh slightly firm, white ;
stem stuffed, with a cartilaginous bark, elastic, rigid, tough,
rooted, smooth, even, naked, pale when moist, white when
dry; gills adnate, somewhat decurrent, distant, broad,
watery clay-colour, then pallid cinnamon.
In mixed woods. Epping Forest. Uncommon.
166. C. (Hygrocybe) Krombholzii, Fr. ; often csespi-
tose ; pileus 1 in., conico-campanulate, then gibbous, even,
220 OUTLINES OF J5i;rnsii ruxGOLOGY.
smooth, disc fleshy, margin thiu ; veil appendiculate ; stem
fistulose, equal, naked, whitish ; gills nearly free, broad,
ferruginous, edge becoming yellowish.
Among moss.
167. C. (Hygrocybe) Reedii, B. (p. 194) ; 1 in.
168. C. (Hygrocybe) leucopus, Fr. (p. 194) ; 1 in.
169. C. (Hygrocybe) scandens, />. ; pileus tawny-ferru-
ginous, then honey-colour, tan when dry, slightly fleshy,
umbo tawny, somewhat membranaceous, smooth, slightly
striate at margin ; flesh yellowish ; stem flstulose, thickened
at apex, very thin, flexuose, soft, even, yellowish, whitish
when dry ; cortina fibrillose, white ; gills adnate, thiu,
somewhat distant, narrow, attenuated in front, tawny-
cinnamon, edge entire, same colour.
In pine wood. Forres.
** Stem inclining to violet or reddish.
170. C. (Hygrocybe) erythrinus, Fr. ; pileus 1—1^ in,,
bay-brown-rufous when moist, tawny when dry, slightly
fleshy, conical then convex, darker at umbo, even, smooth ;
flesh when moist same colour ; stem stufi'ed, then hollow,
equal, or thickened at base, straight, smooth, striate with
adpressed fibrils, shining, silvery- white, violaceous, often
pruinate upwards; cortina superior, fibrillose, white; gills
slightly adnexed, then somewhat distant, ventricose, pallid,
then pale cinnamon.
In woods. Coed Coch.
171. C. (Hygrocybe) decipiens, Fr. ; pileus 1 in., shining,
bay-brown, brick-colour vvhcn dry, umbo darker, fleshy mem-
branaceous, campanulato-expandcd, acutely umbonate, then
depressed round umbo, smooth, margin slightly striate, then
innately torn ; stem stuff'ed, then fistulose, equal, tense and
AGAIIICINI. 221
straight or flexuose, fibrillose, pallid, pale rufescent or with
brick-coloured spots, brick-colour internally, externally
covered with a pallid separable cuticle ; cortina fibrillose,
white, fugacious ; gills adnate, more or less crowded, thin,
brick-colour ferruginous.
In mixed woods. Epping Forest. Frequent.
172. C. (Hygrocybe) germanus, Fr.; pileus 1 in., hygro-
phanous, fuscous wheu moist, clay-colour when dry, opaque,
somewhat membranaceous, campanalate, obtusely umbo-
nate, fragile, somewhat silky, not squamulose or striate ;
stem somewhat fistulose, equal, often twisted, smooth sil-
very-pale, somewhat lilac ; cortina fibrillose, fugacious ; gills
adnate, somewhat distant, broad, watery-cinnamon.
In pine woods. Logic, Forfarshire. Epping Forest.
Strong smelling.
*** Stem ydlovish, becommg pale.
173. C. (Hygrocybe) detonsus, Fr.; pileus 1-2 in., bright
yellowish when moist, tan when dry, somewhat membrana-
ceous, conical then expanded, somewhat umbonate, slightly
silky-smooth, striate to middle, fragile ; flesh thin, whitish ;
stem stuffed, then fistulose, equal or attenuated upwards,
soft, smooth, pale-yellowish ; gills adnate, ventricose, some-
what distant, entire, unicolorous, bright yellowish, then
brick-cinnamon.
Among moss in woods. Glamis.
174. C. (Hygrocybe) obtusus, Fr. ; pileus ^-H in., bay-
brown-ferrugiuous, then cinnamon, when dry pale ochra-
ceous, or tan-whitish, somewhat membranaceous, conical
then campanulate, at length expanded and obtusely umbo-
nate, smooth, striate to margin ; stem spongy-stuffed, soon
hollow, thick, curved, attenuated at base, fragile, sprinkled
222 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUXGOLOGY.
with adpressed, white, silky fibrils, otherwise smooth, tan-
yellowish, whitish when dry ; gills adnate, ventricose, some-
what distant, connected by veins, tawny-cinnamon, white-
fringed at edge.
In woods, chiefly pine. Epping Forest.
175. C. (Hygrocybe) acutus, Fr. (p. 195.)
176. C. (Hygrocybe) Junghuhnii, Fr. ; pileus 1 in., shin-
ing cinnamon, tawny when dry, slightly fleshy at disc, other-
wise thin, convexo-plane, umbonate with a papilla, when
damp striate to middle and very finely sparsely fibrillose
under a lens ; stem stuffed, then hollow, externally pale
brick-colour, internally darker, externally shining and
adpressedly fuscous-fibrillose, equal or attenuated, whitish
at base; veil inclining to fuscous; gills adnate, ventricose,
thin, veined at base, saftron brick-colour.
In woods. Kings Clifl'e.
177. (Hygrocybe) depressus, i^r. ; pileus 2-3 in., some-
what membranaceous, conical then convex, umbonate, smooth,
striate at margin, at first silky ; stem hollow, equal, even,
rigid, reddish, dingy at base, white-silky ; gills adnate,
rather crowded, safFron-yellow, becoming yellowish.
In moist woods.
178. C. (Hygrocybe) milvinus, Fr. ; pileus V-l in.,
olivaceous-fawn-umber, hoary tan and opaque when dry,
membranaceous with exception of disc, conical then convex,
umbonate, striate to middle, clad at margin with white
squamules, somewhat silky when dry ; flesh thin, same
colour; stem somewhat fistulose, curved, even, not scaly,
pallid fuscous, here and there clad with slight silky spots ;
gills adnate, connected by veins, somewhat distant, thin,
scarcely ventricose, watery-ferruginous, becoming olive.
In woods. Wrotham. Kent.
AGAKICIXI. 223
179. C. (Hygrocybs) fasciatus, Fr. ; pileus J in., some-
what membranaceous, conical then expanded, acute umbo
blackish, brick-colour at circumference, smooth, slightly
silky, pale when dry; stem straight, elongated, flexuose,
fistulose, undulated on surface, smooth, not furnished with
a cuticle, fissile into fibrils, pallid-fuscous, then cinnamon-
fuscous ; gills adnate, slightly ventricose, thin, distant,
cinnamon.
In pine woods. Dinmore.
Gexus 6. GOMPHIDIUS, Fr. (p. 196.)
1. G. glutinosus, Fr. (p. 196) ; 2-5 in. Epping Forest.
Var. roseus, Fr. ; pileus rose colour ; stem attenuated,
rosy flesh colour at base.
2. G. viscidus, Fr. (p. 196) ; 2-3 in.
3. G. maeulatus, Scoj}. ; pileus 2 in., fleshy, convex, viscid,
white, variegated with black spots when old ; stem firm,
cylindrical, yellow, short ; gills decurrent, branched, thick,
umber.
In woods. Epping Forest.
4. G. gracilis, B. and Br. (p. 196.)
Genus 7. PAXILLUS, Fr. (p. 195.)
Tribe 1. Lepista. — Pileus entire, central.
1. P. giganteus, Fr.; pileus 4-14 in., tan white, fleshy,
thin, depressed, plano-infundibuliform, soft, margin involute,
easily splitting, spreading, smooth, sulcate in the form of
small channels ; stem solid, obese, smooth ; gills decurrent,
crowded, slightly branched and anastomosing, whitish, then
tan colour.
In meadows and woods. Uncommon,
224 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FL'NGOLOGY.
This is Agaricus giganteus, Soiv. (p. 110.)
2. P. Alexandri, Gi/L ; pileus 2-3 in., flesliy, compact,
plane, then depressed, dry, unpolished, fawn colour ; margin
closely involute, becoming flattened and faintly striate ;
flesh white, turning yellow ; stem stout ; gills rather decur-
rent, crowded, colour of boxwood.
On the ground. Epping Forest.
3. P. lepista, Fr ; pileus 3-4 in., dingy whitish, com-
pactly fleshy or piano-depressed, obtuse, without stri?e, rimu-
loso-squamulose towards circumference, dry, margin undu-
lato-flexuose ; flesh white ; stem elongated, or short and
attenuated downwards, equal, blunt at base, solid, compact,
spongy-elastic, at length hollow, whitish, rufescent or
inclining to fuscous, white-villous at base ; gills decurrent ;
somewhat branched, simple at base, crowded, entire, dingy-
white, at length darker.
In woods. Slough.
4. P. extenuatus, Fr. ; pileus 1-3 in., rigid, extended
from the fleshy disc, campanulato-convex, then expanded,
naked, smooth, moist, tan-coloured, becoming fuscous, margin
involute, pubescent, even; stem solid, tough, smooth, tuber-
ously rooting at base ; gills decurrent, arcuate, crowded,
white, then mouse-colour.
In grassy places in fir woods.
5. P. panseolus, Fr. ; pileus 1-2 in., whitish, fleshy, thin,
convexo-plane, then somewhat depressed, even, smooth,
moist, margin thin, involute; flesh becoming black; stem
stufted, striato-fibrillose, rufescent, thickened downwards ;
gills slightly decurrent, crowded, narrow, at length watery-
ferruginous.
On the ground. In pine woods.
Var. spiloraoelus ; pileus spotted as with drops, and as
AGARICINI. 2)ib
well as the slender stem, yellowish-white ; gills at length
watery-ferrugiuous, hoary-grey at base.
Among fir leaves. Stoke Poges.
6. P. orelloid.es, Cke. and Mass. ; pileus at first white,
becoming stained with livid or greyish blotches, minutely
silky, shining, margin thin, involute ; stem tapering towards
base, solid, elastic, silky-fibrillose, livid-ochraceous ; gills
crowded, readily separating from the hoary hymenophore,
whitish, then livid, at length dirty yellowish-brown, adnate,
decurrent.
Among grass.
7. P. lividus, Cke. ; pileus 1-2 in., convex, at length
slightly depressed at disc, dingy white, or livid-ochraceous,
opaque ; flesh nearly white ; stem attenuated downwards,
white, fibrillose, stufted, then hollow ; gills arcuate, decur-
rent, white, almost crowded.
lu fields.
8. P. revolutus, Cke. ; pileus li in., convex, obtuse,
pale ochraceous, slightly darker at disc ; margin thin,
even, at first sometimes tinged with violet and somewhat
revolute; stem solid, gradually attenuated downwards, paler
than the pileus, often tinted violet at base ; gills decurrent,
scarcely crowded, pallid, then clay-colour.
In a field. Odour mealy.
Tribe 2. Tapinia.
9. P. paradoxus, Kalch. ; pileus 2-3 in., fleshy, convex,
then plane, dry, tomentose, rufous-umber ; stem solid,
somewhat rooting, unequal, fibrillose, yellow or reddish ;
gills decurrent, distant, connected by veins, yr^llow, then
golden-yellow, becoming reddish when old.
On the ground.
226 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNOOLOGY.
10. P. involutus, Fr. (p. 195) ; 3-5 in. Epping Forest.
11. P. leptopus, Fr. ; pileus li-3 in., fuscous-yellowish,
excentric or lateral, depressed, gibbous in naiddle, fleshy,
thin, dry, downy, soon torn into fuscous or yellowish villous
scales ; flesh yellow ; stem short, somewhat incurved,
attenuated downwards, yellow within ; gills decurrent,
not anastomosing, tense and straight, crowded, narrow,
yellowish, then darker, not spotted when touched.
On the ground, about stumps. Forres. Glen Tilt.
Kenmore.
12. P. atrotomentosus, 7?cr/5c// (p. 195); 2-4 in. Epping
Forest.
13. P. crassus, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, oblique, nearly plane,
becoming even and ferruginous ; stem stuffed, excentric,
short, ascending ; gills decurrent, broad, rather distant,
straight, cinnamon.
On mound of rifle-butts. Dr. Cooke considers this to
belong rather to Flammula than Paxillus.
14. P. panuoides, Fr. (p. 196) ; 1^ in.
15. P. fagi, B. and Br. ; gregarious ; crisped, pallid
upwards, orange beneath ; gills crisped, orange.
On beech stump.
Genus 7. HYGROPHORUS (p. 197).
Tribe 1. Limacium. — Universal veil viscid, with occasionally a
JlocGose partial veil, annular or marginal ; stem clothed with
scales, or more frequently rcith dots above; gills adnato-
decurrent.
* ]\-7iite or yelloiuish ivhite.
1. H. chrysodon, Fr. (p. 197); 2-3 in. Epping Forest.
2. H. eburneus, Fr. (p. 197) ; 2-3 in. Epping Forest.
3. H. cossus, Fr. (p. 197) ; iHn. Epping Forest.
AGARICINI. 227
4. H. penarius, Fr. ; pileus tan-colour, opaque, fleshy,
umbonate, then obtuse, hemispherical, at length flattened
and undulated, even, smooth, dry ; margin at first involute,
exceeding gills ; flesh thick, hard, white, unchangeable ;
stem solid, compact, hard, attenuated above and below, fusi-
form and rooting at base, pale white, smeared with tenacious
slime, scabrous, firm, cuticle somewhat fragile ; veil not
conspicuous; gills adnato-decurrent, acute behind, distant,
thick, veined, pale tan.
In mixed woorls. Stoke Poges. Epping Forest.
5. H. pulverulentus, B. and Br. ; pileus ^ in,, shining-
white, pulvinate, viscous ; margin involute, tomentose ;
stem stufi'ed, nearly equal, attenuated at base, wholly pow-
dered with rose-coloured meal ; gills decurrent, thick,
obtuse at edge, whitish.
Among pine leaves. Glamis.
** Reddish.
6. H. erubescens, Fr. ; growing in troops or circles ;
pileus 2-4 in., white, becoming red, fleshy, gibbous, then
convexo-plane, viscid, adpressedly dotted with squamules or
becoming smooth, compact, thin towards naked margin; flesh
firm, white ; stem sometimes short and robust, long and
attenuated upwards, or elongated, equal, or attenuated at
base, solid, flexuose, clad with red fibrils, dotted with red
upwards; gills decurrent, distant, soft, white, red-spotted.
In pine woods. Hereford.
7. H. pudorinus, Fr. ; pileus 2 in., fleshy, convex, then
depressed, even, smooth, viscid, flesh-colour; stem solid,
firm, white, contracted at apex, rough with white dots ;
gills thick, distant, white.
In fir woods.
228 orTiJXES OK r.niTisii fungology.
8. H. glutinifor, Fr. ; gregarious ; pileus rufescent,
■whitish at margin, fleshy, convexo-expancled, thin, with
exception of broadly gibbous, wrinkle-dotted disc, pellicle
glutinous; stem stuffed, somewhat elastic, ventricose down-
wards, with a viscous veil, same colour as pileus, white-
squamulose at apex ; gills arouato-decnrrcnt, rather thick,
shining white.
In woods. Penzance.
*** Tau-vij, or light yellow.
9. H. arbustivus, Fr. ; pileus 2 in., slightly tawny-
brick-colour, paler at margin, opaque, fleshy, convexo-plane,
obtuse, somewhat repand, viscid, streaked with innate
fibrils, smooth, even ; stem solid, equal, smooth at base,
pale white, externally rigid and polished, internally some-
what spongy and elastic ; gills adnate, distant, thick, white.
In woods, under birch, etc. Colleyweston, etc.
10. H. aureus, Arrh. ; pileus 2 in., golden yellow, fleshy,
convex, then plane, even, glutinous ; stem stuff'ed, smooth,
somewhat ringed with the glutinous tawny-red veil ; gills
adnately decurrent, distant, thiu, whitish.
In woods.
11. H. discoideus, P. ; gregarious or solitary ; pileus
1-2 in., pale yellowish or pale clay-coloured, disc some-
what ferruginous, slightly fleshy, firm, campanulato-convex,
margin inflexed, then plane, obtuse, at length depressed at
disc, even, smooth, very glutinous ; flesh yellowish-white ;
jsieoa stuff'ed, equal or attenuated upwards, very soft,
fibrous, flocculose, viscid, pale-white, with white dots at
apex : veil glutinous, rarely forming a ring on stem ; gills
adnate, somewhat crowded, then decurrent, distant, thin,
soft, pale, yellowish -white.
AGARICINI. 229'
In grassy places. Laxton Park, Northants.
12. H. aromaticus, B. (p. 198.)
livaceous-um
her.
13. H. limaeinus, Fr. ; pileus \h-2h in., disc umber
then ferruginous, paler at margin, fleshy, convex, then
flattened, obtuse, smooth, viscid ; flesh firm, white ; stem
solid, firm, ventricose, viscous, flocculose, fibrilloso-striate,
roughened with squamules at apex ; gills adnate, then de-
current, somewhat distant, thin, white, inclining to cinereous.
In woods, among damp leaves. St. Leonards.
14. H. olivaceo-albus, Fr. (p. 198) ; 1-2 in.
15. H. hypothejus, Fr. (p. 198) ; 1-2 in.
16. H. cerasinus, B. (p. 197) ; U-24 in.
***** Fuscous-cinereous or livid.
17. H. fusco-albus, Fr. ; pileus 2 in., fuscous, then cine-
reous, fleshy, moderately flrm, convexo-plane, even, smooth,
viscous, margin white-floccose ; stem solid, equal, white-
floccose at apex when dry ; gills decurrent, broad, rather
thick, white.
Among moss. Gwro'ch.
18. H. agathosmus, Fr. ; pileus I2-22 in., livid grey,
dotted with minute, viscous, pellucid papilla?, fleshy, convex,
thin, plane, gibbous, viscous, margin at first involute and
villous, soon unfolded and naked, at length reflexed and
undulated ; flesh soft, watery, whitish ; stem solid, flrm, then
soft and hollow, equal and slightly thickened downwards,
somewhat fibrilloso-striate, not viscous, roughened upwards
with white, punctiform, at length cinereous squamules ; par-
tial veil not conspicuous ; gills distant, decurrent, soft,
entire, veined at base, shining white.
230 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUXGOLOGY.
In fir woods. Forres, Glamis. Odour of anise, sweet.
19. H. mesotephrus, B. and Br. (p. 198) ; 1 in.
20. H. livido-albus, Fr. ; pileiis livid, imicolorous,
fleshy, thin, obtuse, even, smooth, viscid, margin naked ;
stem stuft'ed, slender, equal, rather even ; gills decurrent,
distant, shining white.
In woods. Street, Somerset.
Tribe 2. Camarophyllus. — Veil none ; stem even, smooth or fibril-
lose, not rough with dots ;pileusfirm, opaque, not viscous ; gills
distant, arcuate.
* Gills deeply and at length obconicalhj decurrent.
21. H. carpiuus, Fr. ; pileus 2-4 in., at first blackish-
fuliginous or blackish, at length cinereous-fuliginous, vary-
ing azure-blue, fleshy, conico-convex, umbonate, then
flattened or depressed, obtuse, repand, at first slightly
viscid, streaked with fibrils ; flesh soft, fragile, thin at re-
pand margin ; stem solid, equal or attenuated downwards ;
soft, hollow, and fragile at apex ; externally longitudinally
fibrillose, fuliginous, whitish-pubescent at base ; gills de-
current, distant, broad, thick, entire, at first white, then
waxy-soft, glaucous.
In pastures. Bath. Glamis.
22. H. leporinus, Fr. (p. 199) ; 1-2 in.
23. H. nemoreus, Fr. ; pileus somewhat orange, equally
fleshy, convex, then expanded, gibbous, at length depressed,
somewhat smooth ; stem stufted, firm, squamulose ; fibroso-
striate, attenuated at base; gills decurrent, thick, distant,
same colour.
In woods. St(dve Pogcs.
24. H. pratensis, Fr. (p. 199); 1-2 in. Epping Forest.
Var. cinereus, Fr. ; pileus thinner ; gills cinereous,
margin at length striate ; stem white.
AGARICIXI. 2ol
In grassy places.
Var. pallidus, B. and Br, ; pileus pallid^ infundibu-
liform, margiu undulated^ deflesed ; stem dilated upwards,
fibriiloso-striate ; gills distant, decurrent, branched, pallid,
lu grassy places. Coed Coch,
25. H. fcetens, Phill. ; pileus 1 in., dark brown, somewhat
fleshy, convex, becoming plane, smooth, at length broken
into squamules ; stem stuffed, attenuated downwards,
shining, clothed with transversely arranged fibrous scales,
paler than pileus; gills decurrent, distant, rather thick,
same colour as, or paler than pileus, somewhat glaucous-
primrose.
On the ground, Shrewsbury. Foetid, nauseous.
26 H. virgineus, Fr. (p. 199) ; 1 in. Epping Forest.
27. H. ventricosus, B. and Br. ; pileus 2-3 in., fleshy,
unequal, convex; stem solid, at length partially hollow,
attenuated at base and apex ; gills deeply decurrent, narrow,
sometimes forked.
Among grass. Coed Coch.
28. H. niveus, Fr. (p. 199) ; 1 in.
29. H. Wynnise, B. and Br. ; lemon yellow, hygro-
phanous, pileus thin, umbilicate or somewhat infuudibuli-
form, striate; gills decurrent, narrow, thin.
On chips, old stumps, etc. Coed Coch.
30. H. russo-coriaceus, B. and Br. (p. 199) ; oin.
Epping Forest.
31. H. mieaceus, B. and Br. ; pileus ^-J in. ; hemi-
spherical, light yellow, then cinereous, wrinkled, micaceous ',
stem solid, granulated, light yellow, then brown downwards;
gills decurrent, pallid umber.
On clayey soil. Coed Coch.
232 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY.
** Gills ventricose, simuito-arciiate or j)la7io-adnate.
32. H fornicatus, Fr. ; pileus 1 in., white or pallid-
livid, fleshy, thin, carapanulate, then expanded, obtusely
umbonate, somewhat repand, viscid, even, smooth ; stem
solid, or hollow at apex, compact, firm, tough, equal, some-
what undulated, smooth, shining white ; gills almost free,
or slightly sinuato-adnexcd, thick, ventricose, distant,
exceeding the margin, white.
In pastures. Holme Lacy, Herefordshire. Batheaston.
33. H. distans, B. (p. 200) ; 2 in.
34. H. Clarkii, B. and Br. ; pileus 3-4 in., livid cine-
reous, convex, somewhat umbonate, viscous, margin even ;
stem hollow, same colour; gills adnate, ^ in. broad in large
examples, distant, thick, white.
In pastures. Street, Somerset. Perth Fungus Show.
35. H. metapodius, Fi\ ; pileus li-3 in., cinereous-
fuscous, compactly fleshy, convex, plane, then obtuse, even
and shining, then silky and squamulose, irregular ; flesh
pallid-grey, reddish when broken, at length black ; stem
stufi'ed, attenuated downwards, unequal, smooth, cinereous-
reddish internally ; gills adnate, arcuato-decurrent, or
broadly emarginate, distant, thick, veined, grey-white.
In eld pastures. Street. Glarnis.
36. H. ovinus, Fr. (p. 200) ; 2 in.
37. H. subradiatus, Fr. ; pileus white or livid, disc fus-
cous, membranaceous, slightly fleshy at disc from the dilated
apex of stem, irregular, somewhat tough, convex, then ex-
panded, obsoletcly umbonate, hygrophanous when moist,
radiato-striate from the translucent gills ; stem fistulose,
attenuated at base, twisted, smooth, pale, white at base ;
AGARICINI. 233
gills plane, decurrent with a tooth, ventricose, somewhat
thin, distant, connected by veins, white.
In old pastures. Glamis.
Var. lacmus, Fr. ; pileus 1 in., lilac, then pale, fragile,
piano-depressed, occasionally at same time umbonate, un-
equal at circumference ; stem elongated, stuffed, then
hollow, somewhat shining, narrow at base and apex, gills
cinereous.
In old pastures. Glamis.
38. H. irrigatus, Fr.; pileus 1-2 in., livid, dingy-white
as the gluten separates, slightly fleshy, ficgile, campanulate,
expanded, obtuse, even, smooth, viscous ; stem flexuose,
fistulose, tough, equal, smooth, very \iscous, livid; gills,
adnate with a decurrent tooth, somewhat distant, fragile,
rather thick, wholly white or grey.
In grassy places in fir woods. Laxton, Northants. Glamis.
39. H. Houghtoni, B. and Br. ; pileus 1^-2 in., bright-
coloured, sienna-red, convex, at length depressed in centre,
striate, very viscous ; stem transversely undulated, very
viscous, tawny light-yellow ; gills decurrent, thin, ])ale
yellowish.
Among grass. Preston, Salop. Odour foxy.
Ti-ibe 3. Hygrocybe. — Veil none, ichole fungus thin, watery suceu-
lent,fragile ; pileus viscid when moist, shining, rarely floccoso-
scaly v)hen dry. Most oj the species brightly coloured, shining.
* Gills decurrent.
40. H. Colemannianus, Blooc. (p. 200) ; 1—2 in. Epping
Forest.
41. H. seiophanus, Fr ; gregarious; pileus i-1^ in.,
hygrophanous, deep tawny or brick-colour, pale, then white,
thin, slightly fleshy at disc, otherwise membranaceous.
231' OUTLINES OF BPJTISII FUNGOLOGY.
hemispherical, obtusely carapauulate, then expauded, obtuse,
slightly viscid, evea at disc, remotely and pellucidly striate
to middle, regular, torn when older ; stem hollow, equal,
thin, flexuose, even, smooth, never tense and straight,
tawny-yellowish, paler than pileus, nt length white ; gills
attenuato-adnate, plano-decurreut, distant, same colour as
pileus or inclining to rose.
In mossy places. Perth.
42. H. leetus, Fr. (p. 200) ; 1 in. Epping Forest.
43. H. vitelliuus, Fi'. ; pileus \-\ in., citron egg-yellow,
white when dry, thin, slightly llesby at disc, otherwise
membranaceous, smooth, viscid ; margin plicato-striate ;
stem fistulose, equal, even, smooth, pallid light-yellow,
white when dry, fragile, slightly flexuose; gills decurrent,
somewhat distant, egg-yellow.
In pastures, Penzance.
44. H. eeraceus, Fr. (p. 201); 1 in. Epping Forest.
45. H. coccineus, Fr. (p. 201) ; 1-2 in. Epping Forest.
46. H. miniatus, Fr. (p. 201) ; 1 in. Epping Forest.
47. H. turundus, Fr. ; pileus ^-1 in., yellow or tawny,
with cinereous-fuscous squamules, slightly fleshy, fragile,
convex then expanded, umbilicate or depressed, crenate at
margin ; stem rigid-fragile, stuffed then fistulose, round,
equal, polished, tawny-reddish ; gills decurrent, distant,
juicy, white then yellow, edge acute.
On peat soil. Farragon, Perthshire. Epping Forest.
Var. mollis, B. and Br. ; pileus -^-^ in., nearly plane,
at length slightly depressed, clad with soft, short, radiating
hairs, same colour ; stem stuffed, equal ; gills decurrent,
arcuate, narrow, distant.
On moist mossy ground. Hare.
48. H. mucronellus, Fr. ; pileus i^ in., when moist
AGARICINI, 235
scarlet or yellow, when dry changing colour, hoary, slightly
fleshy, acutely conical or campanulate and obtuse, when
moist pellucidly striate, when dry silky ; fragile ; stem fistu-
lose, thin, somewhat attenuated and white at base, otherwise
yellow, even, smooth, flexuose; gills ascending, distant,
broad and adnate behind, somewhat decurrent, yellow.
In grass field. King^s Lynn.
** Gills aduexecl, somewhat sepaircting.
49. H. punieeus, Fr. (p. 101) ; 2-4 in.
50. H. obrusseus, Fr. (p. 201) ; 2-3 in.
51. H. intermedius, Pass.; pileus thin, campanulate,
obtuse, then flattened, rather dry, fibrillosely silky, golden
yellow, becoming cinereous; stem fistulose, fibrillosely
striate ; gills aduate, veutricose, distant, whitish, then
yellowish.
On damp ground.
52. H. conieus, Fr. (p. 201) ; 2 in. Epping Forest.
53. H. calyptrseformis, B. and Br. (p. 202); 2 in. Epping
Forest.
Var. niveus ; wholly white.
Pastures and lawns.
54. H. chlorophanus, Fr. ; pileus 1 in., sulphur-yellow
or scarlet, not changing colour, somewhat membranaceous,
fragile, convex, plane, obtuse, orbicular and lobed, then
cracked, viscid, striate ; stem hollow, equal, round, even,
viscid when moist, shining when dry, unicolorous, light
yellow ; gills emarginato-adnexed, ventricose, with a thin
decurrent tooth, thin, distant, distinct.
In grassy and mossy places. Common. Epping Forest.
Never becoming black.
55. H. psittacinus, Fr. (p. 202) ; 1 in. Epping Forest.
236 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUXGOLOGY.
56. H. spadiceus, Scop. ; pileus thin, couical, acute, re-
pand, fibrilloso-virgate, at first covered with au olivaceous
bay- brow II gluten ; stem hollow, equal, dry, becoming
dusky and fibrillose; gills rounded behind, free, distant,
iemon-yellow.
On the ground. Clun Forest. Not turning black.
57. H. unguinosus, Fr. (p. 202) ; 2 in.
58. H. murinaceus, Fr. (p. 203) ; 2 in.
= H. nitratus, Fr.
Far. glauco-nitens, Fr. ; gaping ; pileus fibrilloso-vir-
gate, dark olive or sooty, becoming pale ; stem equal,
shining; gills becoming glaucous.
In grassy places.
Genus 9. LACTARIUS, Fr. (p. 203.)
Tribe 1. Piperites. — Stem central, gills unchangeable, — not
changing colour, not pruino8e ; milk at first white, commonly
acr
id.
* Triciiolomoidei. — Pileus viscid ivhen vioist, margin at
first involute^ tomentose.
1. L. scrobieulatus, Fr. ; pileus 4-12 in., yellow, zoue-
less, fleshy, not compact, convex, umbilicate, at length in-
fundibuliform, obtuse, with agglutinated villous down, viscid
when moist ; margin involute, bearded, at length unfolded
and almost naked ; sometimes zoned ; flesh lax, whitish,
yellow when broken ; stem stout, stufted, then hollow, equal,
light yellow, pitted with broad rounded spots, smooth,
somewhat viscid, pubescent at base ; gills adnato-decurrent,
thin, crowded, white ; milk abundant, white, sulphur-
yellow when exposed to air.
On the ground. Bristol. Very acrid, odour not un-
pleasant.
AGAEICINI. 237
2. Lactarius intermedius, Kromb. ; pileus fleshy, broad,
infundibuliform, viscid, smooth, ochraceous-yellow, margin
involute, tomentose, then smooth ; gills broad, livid, whitish,
somewhat decurrent, affixed, entire ; stem short, thick, solid,
or sometimes hollow, yellowish, covered with spot-like
depressions ; milk white, then yellowish.
In woods. Rather acrid. Fries considers this plant
to be L. cicilioides.
3. L. torminosus (p. 203) ; 3 in. Epping Forest.
4. L. cicilioides, Fr. (p. 203) ; 2-4 in.
5. L. turpis, Fr. (p. 203); 4-12 in. Epping Forest.
6. L. controversus, Fr. ; pileus 3 in., fleshy, compact,
rigid, convex, broadly umbilicate, then somewhat infundi-
buliform, oblique, at first dry, flocculose, whitish, then
viscid, reddish with blood- coloured spots and zones ;
margin when young acute, involute, more or less villous ;
flesh very firm ; stem attenuated towards base, often excen-
tric, solid, obese, even, pruinate at apex, white ; gills decur-
rent, with an obsolete tooth, crowded, rarely branched,
pallid white-flesh-colour ; milk white, unchangeable, abun-
dant.
In woods. Uncommon. Abergavenny. Epping Forest, etc.
7. L. pubescens, Fr. ; pileus 3 in., whitish flesh-colour,
fleshy, plane, depressed, then broadly infundibuliform, zone-
less, even, dry, then smooth at disc, shining ; margin involute,
fibrilloso-pubescent ; flesh thin, firm, pliant, white, un-
changeable ; stem attenuated downwards, sometimes com-
pressed, stuff'ed, soft internally, even, commonly pruinaro-
pubescent when young, becoming smooth, flesh-colour, then
white ; gills adnate or slightly decurrent, crowded, narrower
than flesh of pileus, pallid, slightly flesh-coloured ; milk
white, unchangeable, not abundant.
238 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY.
Among pebbles. Loch Kenord, Aberdeenshire.
Var. margine-tomentoso, B. and Br. ; pileus clothed
with fine matted down ; margin tomentose ; stem nearly-
equal.
8. L. aspideus, Fr. ; pileus 2-4- in., fleshy, gibboso-
convex, then depressed, viscid, zoneless, straw-coloured,
with a tomentose marginal ring which is deciduous, leaving
the margin quite smooth ; gills rather thick, pallid ; milk
at first white, then lilac.
In moist places.
** Lamacini. — Pileus viscid when moist, pelliculose,
margin naked.
9. L. insulsus, Fr. (p. 204) ; 3-4 in. Epping Forest.
10. L. zonarius, Fr. (p. 204) ; 2-4 in.
11. L. utilis, Weinni. ; pileus 5-8 in., convexo-planc, at
length funnel-shaped, even, smooth, tan-colour; stem hollow,
even, same colour ; gills adnate, crowded, pallid ; milk
white, mild, then slightly acrid.
On the ground.
12. li. blennius, Fr. (p. 204) ; 2-4 in. Epping Forest.
13. L. hysignis, Fr. (p. 204) ; 2^-4 in.
14. L. trivialis, Fr. ; pileus 4-7 in., dark livid, then
pale, pallid yellowish tan-flesh-colour, zoneless, depressed,
then infundibuliform ; margin at first involute, then flat-
tened, even, viscous ; flesh somewhat rigid, white ; stem
inflated-hollow, even, smooth, unspotted, paler than pileus;
gills somewhat decurreut, tense and straight, rather broad,
somewhat thin, crowded, whitish, becoming pale ; ^milk
white, unchangeable.
15. L. circeUatus, Fr. (p. 204) ; 2-3 in.
16. L. uvidus, Fr. (p. 205) ; 2-4 in.
AGAEICINI. 239
*** PiPERATi. Pileus loithout a 2)eUicle, dry, generally unpolished.
17. L. flexuosus, Fr. ; pileus 2-4 in., lead grey or violet-
grey, pale, zoned or zoneless, fleshy, convex, plane, de-
pressed, repand margin bent inwards, at length spreading,
erect, dry, smooth, shining, then rivuloso-scaly, unpolished,
opaque ; flesh hard, grumoso-compact, white ; stem solid,
obese, or attenuated downwards, sometimes eccentric,
slightly lacunose, not pitted, pallid grey, apex whitish, base
somewhat yellowish; gills adnate, somewhat horizontal,
thick, distant, connected by branches, light yellowish, at
length whitish flesh-colour, milk white, unchangeable.
In pine woods, etc. Heywood Forest. Rothiemurchus.
Glamis.
18. L. pyrogalus, Fr. (p. 205) ; 2-3 in. Epping
Forest.
19. L. squalidus, Fr. ; pileus pallid, lurid, compact,
convexo- plane, umbilicate, dry, smooth, zoueless; flesh
white, sprinkled at margin with saffron-yellow dots ; stem
equal, smooth, pallid brown ; gills adnate, narrow, yellowish,
milk whitish, sweet.
In moist places, Scotland.
20. L. capsicum, Schulz. : pileus 3 in., chestnut, paler
at disc, compact, pulvinate, dry, margin closely involute ;
flesh yellowish, becoming fuscous on exposure to air; stem
solid, firm, whitish, striate, with tawny or rufescent fibrils ;
gills adnato-decurrent, somewhat crowded, tawny, somewhat
orange; milk white, acrid.
In woods. Dumfries.
21. L. chrysorheus, Fr. (p. 206) ; 2-3 in. Epping
Forest.
22. L. acris, Fr. (p. 207) ; 3 in.
240 OUTLINES OF JJRITIHU FUNGOLOGY.
23. L. umbrinus, P. ; pileus 3 in., compact, convexo-
plane, umbilicate, dry, rivuloso-lloccose, umber, zoneless ;
stem solid, very short, white, turning greyish ; gills
crowded, pallid yellowish; milk acrid, white, causing grey
spots.
In piue woods.
24. L. pergamenus, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, pliant, convex,
then piano-depressed, repand, zoneless, slightly wrinkled,
smooth ; stem stuffed, smooth, changing colour ; gills
adnate, very narrow, horizontal, very crowded, branched,
white, then straw colour ; milk white, acrid.
In woods. Heywood Forest. Epping Forest.
25. L. piperatus, Fr. (p. .205) ; 4-9 in. Eppitig
Forest.
26. L. vellereus, Fr. (p. 20G) ; 5-7 in. Epping Forest.
27. L. exsuccus, Sm. ; pileus clothed with depressed
down, fleshy, depressed, with an involute margin; stem
very short, white, clothed with adpressed down ; gills de-
current, connected by veins and forked, white, shaded with
verdigris ; whole plant rigid, brittle, milkless.
In woods. Somewhat uncommon.
28. L. scoticus, B. and Br. ; pileus depressed-tomeutose,
then smooth, involute, margin tomentose, flesh firm; stem
somewhat unequal, smooth, somewhat flesh-colour ; gills
thin, scarcely branched ; milk persistently white, acrid.
Among moss. Aboyne. Odour pungent.
Tribe 2. Dapetes. — Stem central ; gills naked ; milk at first
deeply coloured.
29. L. deliciosus, Fr. (p. 206) ; 2-6 iu. ]^:ppinj
Forest.
241
Tribe 3. Russulares. — Stem central ; gills pallid then changing
colour, afterwards darker, glancing when turned to the light, at
length white-pruinose ; milk at first ivhite, mild, or from mild
turning acrid.
* Pileus at first viscous.
30. L. pallidus, Fr. (p. 207); 3-6 in. Epping Forest.
31. L. quietus, Fr. (p. 207) ; 3 in. Epping Forest.
32. L. aurantiaeus, Fl. Dan. ; pileus 1-2 in., fleshy,
plane, then depressed, even, zoneless, orange; stem stuff"ed,
smooth, same colour as pileus ; flesh pallid ; gills decur-
rent, crowded, yellowish, ochraceous ; milk white, slowly
acrid.
On the ground. Epping Forest.
33. L. theiogalus, Fr. (p. 206).
34. L. cremor, Fr. ; pileus 1^-2 in., fleshy, thin, convex,
then plane, minutely punctulate, viscid, tawny, margin
striate ; stem hollow, fragile, same colour ; gills adnate,
rather distant, pallid ; milk mild, watery white.
In woods.
Var. pauper, Kars. : pileus 3 in., yellowish flesh-colour
or gilvous-tan, ochraceous when dry, margin membranaceous,
at length pectinately sulcate ; stem equal, naked, paler than
pileus; flesh without juice, slowly acrid, white.
Under larch.
35. L. vietus, Fr. ; pileus lo-2o in., flesh-colour or
livid-grey, somewhat papillate, plane, umbilicate, somewhat
infundibuliform, margin somewhat deflexed, even, smooth,
viscid, slightly silky when dry, fragile ; flesh whitish ; stem
attenuated upwards or equal, stufted then hollow, smooth,
dry, same colour as pileus; gills, adnato-decurrent, thin,
somewhat crowded, flaccid, narrow, whitish, becoming
yellowish, milk white, then greyish.
Q
242 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUXGOLOGY.
In grassy woods. Stoke Pogcs. Glamis.
36. L. cyathula, Fr. ; pileus 1-2 in.^ slightly fleshy,
<jouvexo-[)laue, umbouatc, piano-depressed, umbo often van-
ishing, viscid, soon dry, opaque, rufescent-brick or flesh
colour, slightly zoned, when dry livid or llesh colour,
hoary-tan, rimoso-rivulose ; flesh white flesh colour; stem
stuffed, internally spongy-soft, equal, round, smooth, pale,
then whitish ; gills decurrent, crowded, thin, linear, white
flesh colour, then yellowish; milk white, unchangeable,
acrid.
In woods. Rare. Aboyne.
** Pileus uniioUshed, squamulose, villous 07' pritinose.
37. L. rufus, (p. 208) ; 3-4 in. Epping Forest.
38. L. helvus, Fr. ; pileus 2-i in., pale yellowish-brick-
colour, then pale, fleshy, fragile, convex, then flattened and
somewhat umbonate, surface broken up into granuloso-
squamulose flocci ; flesh soft, paler than pileus ; stem
stuffed, sometimes hollow, firm, soft, equal, pale brick-
colour, slightly pruinate, somewhat tomentose at base ;
gills decurrent, crowded, in groups of eight, often dicho-
tomous, fragile, whitish, then somewhat flesh colour, at
length yellowish ; milk scanty, somewhat acrid, white.
In fir wood. Grantown, Morayshire.
39. L. tomentosus, Otto ; pileus 3 in., fleshy, at first
umbonate, then depressed and iufundibuliform, dingy flesh
colour or rufesceut, brownish, finely tomentose ; gills rather
decurrent, yellow flesh colour, flesh compact ; stem erect,
at first stuffed, becoming hollow, pallid, naked, smooth ;
milk whitish, mild.
On the ground.
AGARICIXI. 243
40. L. mammosus, Fr. ; pileus grey-fnscous^ fleshy, at
first convex, acutely umbonate, depressed as umbo vanishes,
soft, clothed with ad pressed down, dry, zoneless, margin
involute, white-pubescent ; stem short and thick, stuffed,
then hollow, firm, pubescent, white, inclining to pale ; gills
adnate, crowded, whitish, then pallid-ferruginous; milk
white, slowly acrid.
In pine woods. Holme Lacy.
Var. monstrosus, Cke. ; pileus 3 in. ; larger than type.
41. L. glyeiosmus, Fr. (p. 209); 1-2 in. Epping
Forest.
42. L. fuliginosus, Fr. (p. 209) ; 1-4 in. Epping
Forest.
43. L. picinus, Fr. ; pileus umber or blackish-umber,
zoneless, fleshy, convex then plane, umbonate, orbicular,
dry, even, villous, somewhat velvety, disc becoming smooth ;
flesh firm, not very thick, pallid; stem thin, stuffed, in-
ternally spongy, equal, even, smooth, paler than pileus ;
gills adnate, thin, very crowded, straight, plane, ochraceous ;
milk white, unchangeable, acrid.
In pine woods. Fosley, Hereford. Rothiemurchus.
44. L. lilaeinus, Lasch ; pileus 2 in., rosy-lilac, then
pale, zoneless, fleshy, thin, convex, then depressed, papillate,
floccose when dry, granular, fragile ; stem stuffed, then
hollow, white-mealy, pallid ; gills adnate, somewhat distant,
pallid flesh colour; milk abundant, white, acrid.
In woods. Hawthornden. Epping Forest.
45. L. spinulosus, Quel. ; pileus thin, cyathiform, acutely
umbonate, clad especially towards margin, with minute
■erect spines, of tenzoned and spotted, flesh colour, brick-
red, rosy-lilac ; stem hollow, slender, flexuous, rugose,
granulate, fragile, shining, same colour, growing paler ;
241 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNCiOLOOY.
gills decurreut, narrow, thin, yellow tlesh colour, at length
yellowish; milk white;, acrid.
On the ground.
Var. violaceus Cke. ; pileus rosy-violet, margin un-
curved; stem pale, almost smooth, stuffed.
On the ground.
*** Fileus polished, smooth.
46. L. volemiis, Fr. (p. 207) ; 3 in. Epping Forest.
47. L. ichoratus, Fi-. ; pileus 3-4 in., tawny brick-colour,
disc brown, zone fleshy, thin, at first rigid, then softer,
obtuse, piano-depressed, often unequal, excentric, sometimes
repand, even, dry, opaque; flesh pallid, stem solid, at first
hard, then softer, internally spongy, equal or fusiform
downwards, even, smooth, tawny, then rufescent; gills
adnate, decurrent with a tooth, scarcely crowded, white,
then ochraceous, not spotted ; milk white, unchangeable,
sweet.
In woods. Hereford.
48. L. serifluus, Fr. (p. 207); 1-2 in. Epping
Forest.
49. L. mitissimus, Fr. (p. 208) ; 1-3 in. Epping
Forest.
50. L. subdulcis, Fr. (p. 208) ; 2-3 in. Epping
Forest.
51. L. Terrei, B. and Br. ; csespitose ; pileus ^ in., bay-
brown, corrugated, depressed; stem hollow, thickened at
base, same colour as pileus, clad with orange down; gills
decurrent, pallid.
On the ground. Stoke Poges. Odour sweet.
The Kev. J. Stephenson considers this plant allied to
AGARICIXI. 245
L. subdulcis ; Dr. Cooke considers it to be a variety of
L. camphoratus.
52. L. camphoratus, Fr. (p. 208) ; 1-2 in. Epping
Forest.
Var. cimicarius, Batsch. ; pileus plane, then infundibuli-
form, margin unequally sinuate, lobes convex, pulviuate,
dusky ferruginous ; flesh soft, dry ; stem opaque, less dark
in colour, hollow ; gills rather broad, dusky ochre, milk,
limpid, like serum.
On the ground. Epping Forest. Odour of bugs.
53. L. subumbonatus, Lind. Bot. Not.; pileus fleshy,
thin, convex, then depressed, rather umbonate, rugose,
punctate, dark cinnamon, zoneless, at length undulated,
rep and ; flesh grey, then jellowish; stem stufled, rufescent ;
gills adnate, flesh colour, then rufescent ; milk watery
white.
On the ground. Epping Forest. Odour foetid when
old.
54. L. obnubilus, Lasch ; pileus 1 in., brown, fuligin-
ous, papillate, zoneless, fleshy, thin, convex, then umbili-
cate, smooth, somewhat striate ; stem stufl'ed, then hollow,
thin, paler than pileus ; gills somewhat crowded, yellowish ;
milk white, somewhat sweet.
In woods. In damp places below alder and in pastures.
Greeshop, [Morayshire. Glamis.
55. L. minimus, Sm. ; pileus \-% in., pallid clay-coloui,
fleshy, pulvinate, rounded or slightly umbonate, margin
incurved ; stem very short, generally eccentric, same colour
as gills ; gills somewhat decurrent, arcuate, branched,
moderately distant; milk abundant, white, mild.
In pastures and woods. Abergavenny. Forres.
346 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGV
Tribe 4. Pleukopus. — tStem excentric or lateral ; ijrowbuj on
trimhs.
5G. L. obliquus, Fr. ; white, turning yellowish ; pileus
fleshy, thin, i)laiio-depressed, oblique, zoned with grey,
lobate, silky ; stem stuffed, then hollow, rather excentric,
curved ; gills crowded, white.
On trunks, etc.
10. RUSSULA, Fr. (p. 209.)
1. Compacts. — Pileus fleshy throufjhout^ margin at Jirst bent
imcards, ivithout strice, tuithout a distinct viscous pellicle, colour
not variable, 07ily changing with age ; Jiesh compact, firm ;
stem solid, fleshy ; gills unequal.
1. R. nigricans, Fr. ; .2-4 in. Eppiug Forest.
2. R. adusta, Fr. (p. 209).
3. R. albo-nigra, Kromb. ; pileus fleshy, convexo-plane
depressed in centre, at length iufundibuiiform, viscid,
whitish, smoky at margin ; flesh white, becoming blackish
when broken ; stem solid, stout, fuscous, then blackish ;
gills decurrent, crowded, unequal, dusky, whitish.
In grassy places. Kew. Epping Forest. Probably a
variety of R. nigricans.
4. R. densifolia, Seer. ; pileus fleshy, compact, convex,
then depressed, margin inflexed, smooth, not striate,
whitish, becoming fuliginous, grey or brownish, blackened
in centre ; flesh white, reddish on exposure to air, at
length black ; stem short, cylindrical, smooth, slightly
pruinose, whitish, then grey, at length blackish; gills adnato-
decurrent, unequal, thin, white or rosy.
On the around.
AGAKICINI. 247"
5. R. semicrema, Fr. ; pileus white, compactly fleshy, con-
vex, then plane, even, smooth, dry, disc umbilicate, margin at
first involute, even ; flesh juiceless, white, unchangeable ;
stem curt, solid, firm, white, when broken cinereous inter-
nally, at length black; gills decurrent, crowded, thin, white.
In mixed woods. Glamis.
6. R. delica, Fr. (p. 210) ; 3-5 in. Epping Forest.
7. R. elephantina, Fr. ; pileus 3 in., fuscous-tan, paler
at margin, not changeable, equally fleshy, firm, at first con-
vexo-umbilicate, margin bent inwards, smooth, undulated,,
and almost exceeding the gills, never striate, covered with
an inseparable pellicle ; flesh equal, compact, thin ; stem
solid, obese, hard, even, smooth externally and internally,
shining white ; gills obtuse or somewhat sinuato-adnate,.
arcuate, somewhat crowded, thin, divided behind, unequal
in front, white, becoming pale-yellowish when touched.
In woods. Stoke Poges, luodorus.
8. R, mustelina, Fr. ; pileus equally fleshy, firm, con-
vex, then depressed, opaque, margin reflexed, even ; stem
solid, firm, pallid ; gills adnexed, rounded behind, crowded,
connected, white, a few short ones.
In woods.
2. FuRCATiE. — Pileus cornpact, firm, covered toith a thin adnate
pellicle which at length disappears, margin abruptly thin, at
first inflexed, then sjyreading, acute, even ; stem at first compact,,
tlien spongy-soft ivithin; gills someivhat forked, commonly
attenuated at both ends, thin and normally narroiv.
9. R. olivascens, Fr. ; pileus everywhere fleshy, flattened,
umbilicate, olive, with the disc becoming yeiiow, margin
even ; stem firm, white ; gills attenuated behind, crowded^,
almost equal, white, then turning yellowish.
.2i8 OUTLINES OF BKITISH FUXGOLOGY.
In shady woods.
10. R. fureata, Fr. (p. 210) ; 3 in. Epping Forest.
Var. pictipes Cke. ; pileus 4-6 in., plane, depressed, darker
at disc, even ; margin even, or at length slightly striate ;
stem stout, slightly attenuated downwards, rosy at apex,
tinted green below, even ; gills adnate, rather distant,
white ; cuticle of pileus separable, flesh rosy beneath.
Under trees. Taste mild.
Var. ochroviridis Cke. ; pileus 4 in., at first viscid,
polished when dry, with a thin aduate pellicle, ochraceous
towards margin, disc olivaceous or fuliginous, margin
spreading, even, acute ; stem short, reticulatcly rugulose,
white, rarely growing pallid, flesh fuliginous when cut,
stuflFed, spongy within ; gills attenuated both ways, lanc-
eolate, crowded, many furcate, white, becoming somewhat
dirty white when old.
On the ground. Taste mild.
11. R. sanguinea, Fi: (p. 210) ; 2-3 in.
12. R. rosacea, Fr. (p. 210) ; 2-4 in. Epping Forest.
13. R. maculata, Quel. ; pileus 3 in., solid, convex,
then plane, viscid, reddish flesh colour, pallid, then spotted
with purple or brown, margin undulate, and often darker ;
flesh white ; stem striate, short, solid, reticulated, white
or somewhat rosy, then spotted with ochre ; gills attenuated
behind, adnate, bifurcate, pallid sulphur, then somewhat
peach- colour.
In woods. Epping Forest. Taste acrid.
14. R. sardonia, Fr. (p. 211) ; 2-3 in.
15. R. depallens, Fr. (p. 211). Epping Forest.
16. R. purpurea, Gill. ; pileus fleshy, at first hemi-
spherical, then convex, more or less depressed in centre,
rugoso-plicate, dark purple, darker in centre, margin even.
AGARICINI. 249
then faintly striate; flesh yellowish, red beneath the
cuticle, stem slightly incrassated at base, longitudinally
striate, white at apex, rosy at middle, yellowish at base ;
gills rounded, broad, often bified, white, then yellowish.
Under larch.
17. R. coerulea, P. ; pileus fleshy, convex, flattened or
depressed, polished, margin even ; stem spongy, solid, firm,
white ; gills adnata, nearly equal, turning yellowish, acute at
apex.
In woods.
18. R. drimeia, Cke. ; pileus 2-4 in., bright purple,
compact, firm, convex, then depressed, scarcely viscid when
moist and opaque when dry, margin somewhat incurved, even ;
stem solid, firm, cyliodrical, equal, tinged with purple; gills
adnexed, scarcely crowded, narrow and furcate at base, at
first pale sulphur-yellow, then deeper yellow, never white.
On the ground among larch. Black Park. Taste acrid.
3. RiGiDJE. — Pileus withoitt a viscid 2^c^licle, dry, rigid, cuticle
breaking up intoflocci or granules ; flesh thick, compact, firm,
vanishing short of straight, never involute margin, soon
spreading, ahoays icithout strice ; stem solid, hard, then softer
and spongy ; gills dimidiate, divided, rigid, dilated in front
and running ovt xoith a broad rounded apex ; margin of pileus
obtuse, not inflexed ; handsome, — somewhat rare.
19. R. laetea, Fr. ; pileus 2 in., white, then tan-white,
compactly fleshy, campanulate, then convex, often excentric,
without a pellicle, dry, at first even, then slightly cracked,
margin straight, thin, obtuse, even ; flesh compact, white ;
stem solid, compact, at length spongy-soft within, equal,
even, white ; gills free, broad, thick, distant, rigid, forked,
white.
250 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUXGOLOGY.
In mixed woods. Uncommon. Taste mild.
Vai'. incarnata Quel. ; pileus at leugth depressed, farinose,
then areolate, white, tinged with rose, at length tan-
coloured, growing pale ; flesh white ; stem stufted, firm,
pruinose, white ; gills adnate, broad, furcate, rigid, white,
then yellowish.
Under fir trees. Epping Forest.
20. R. virescens, Schn'ff ; (p. 212). Epping Forest.
21. R. Du Portii, PJiill. ; pileus U-2| in., centre
rufous or flesh-red, margin bluish, compact, fleshy, firm,
convexo-plane, depressed, smooth, dry, margin even, obtuse;
flesh turning red when cut ; stem spongy-stuft'ed, minutely
striate, glabrous, white ; gills rounded behind, broad, dis-
tant, -white.
In wood. Mattishall, Norfolk. Odour of crab.
22. R. lepida, Fr. (p. 212); 3 in. Epping Forest.
23. R. rubra, Fr. (p. 212). Epping Forest.
Var. sapida, Cke. ; large, fleshy; pileus plane, tlicn de-
pressed, dark purple, shining, dry, rather viscid in wet
weather, margin entire, even; flesh firm ; stem straight, solid,
stufted, white, somewhat cylindrical ; gills fleshy, often
furcate, broad, white, entire.
Among grass. Taste mild.
2i-. R. Linnasi, Fr. ; pileus 3-1 in., dark purple, blood-
red or bright rose, opaque, not becoming pale, fleshy, rigid,
piano-depressed, sometimes repand, even, smooth, dry, with-
out a separable pellicle, margin spreading, obtuse, without
striae ; flesh thick, spongy-compact, white ; stem stout,
firm, spongy-soft within, somewhat ventricose, obsoletely
fibrilloso-reticulate, blood-red ; gills adnate, somewhat
decurrent, rather thick, not crowded, broad, fragile,
sparingly connected by veins, white, yellow when dry, with
AGARICINI. 251
a few dimidiate gills intermixed^ somewhat anastamosing
behind.
In woods. Stoke Poges. Taste mild. Epping Forest.
25. R. xerampelina, Fr. ; pileus 3 in., rosy purple, disc
becoming pale, fleshy, compact, convex, then flattened, at
length depressed, without a distinct pellicle, dry, opaque,
even, when older thinly rimulose, under a lens thinly
granulated or punctate, margin spreading, without striae ;
flesh compact, white, inclining to yellowish ; stem stout,
firm, internally at length soft, spongy, even, hollow, com-
monly thickened at base, even, white or reddish ; gills ad-
nexed, somewhat crowded, broader in front, forked behind,
whitish, then yellowish.
In Scotch fir wood. Glamis. Taste mild. Epping
Forest.
26. R. olivacea, Fr. ; pileus dingy purple, then oliva-
ceous or fuscous-olivaceous, fleshy, convexo-flattened and
depressed, slightly silky and squamulose, margin spreading,
even ; flesh white, becoming somewhat yellow ; stem firm,
ventricose, rose-colour to pallid, spongy -stufl'ed within ;
gills adnexed, wide, yellow, with shorter and forked ones
intermixed.
In woods. Slough. Taste mild.
27. R. serotina. Quel. ; pileus f-l^ in., globose, slightly
flattened, purplish-bistre or olive, white-pruinose ; margin
lilac, extreme edge whitish, flesh tough, white ; stem
wrinkled, mealy ; gills eroded, white, with a tinge of yellow.
Under beeeh. Taste acrid.
28. R. cutefraeta, Cke. ; pileus 3-4 in,, green, purple,
dull red, etc., fleshy, firm, dry, opaque, convex, then de-
pressed in centre, cuticle cracking from the margin inwards
into minute, firm, adnate, areolae, otherwise even ; flesh
252 OUTLINES OF liHlTISH FUXGOLOGY.
beneath cuticle tinged with purple ; stem firm, solid, nearly
equal or a little attenuated above, smooth, slightly tinged
with purple ; gills somewhat crowded, narrowed behind,
furcate, adnexed or nearly free, white.
On the ground in woods. Epping Forest, etc. Taste
mild.
1. HeteropiiylL/E. — Pileus fleshij, firm, vith a thin margin
ivhich is at first infiexed, then expanded and striate, covered
zoith a thin adnate 2yellicle ; the gills consist of many shorter
ones mixed imth larger ones, others forked ; stem solid, stout,
spongy within.
29. R. vesca, Fr. (p. 211). Epping Forest.
30. E,. lilacea, Quel. ; jiilcus 2j— 3i in., convex, then
depressed, rather fleshy, viscid, violet or purple, margin
growing pale, striate ; flesh violet under the cuticle ; then
spongy, corticate, fragile, pruinose above, rosy at base ;
gills distant, ventricose, white, connected by veins.
In moist woods.
31. R. azurea, Bres. ; pileus 2-2 .\ in., fleshy, convex then
plane or depressed, soon dry and even, minutely granulose,
margin scarcely striate, bright blue, margin sometimes lilac
growing pale, cuticle separable ; stem white, ventricose, or
clavate at base, smooth, rugulose, firm, spongy, a little hol-
low when old ; flesh white ; gills crowded, equal, attenuated
behind, adnexed, bifid, white, unchangeable.
In fir woods.
32. R. cyanoxantha, Schceff. ; pileus 2-3 in., lilac pur-
plish, then olivaceous-green, disc becoming pale, often yel-
lowish, margin becoming azure blue, or livid purple, compact,
convex, plane, depressed or infundibnliform, sometimes
wrinkled or streaked, viscous ; margin deflexed then expanded,
AGARICINI. 2bo
remotely, slightly striate ; Hesh firm, white, reddish beneath
the separable pellicle ; stem spougy-stuffcd, firm, equal,
smooth, even, shining white ; gills rounded behind, connected
by veins, not much crowded, broad, forked, shining white.
In mixed woods. Common. Epping Forest.
33. R. heterophylla, Fr. ; (p. 211).
Var. galochroa, Fr. ; smaller ; pileus at first white, then
greenish, rather plane, viscid in wet weather, dry, even,
sometimes sprinkled with white floccose spots, slightly
striate at margin ; stem solid, firm, not red ; gills thin,
more or less forked and imequal. Epping Forest.
34. R. consobrina, Fr. • pileus 3 in., dark cinereous, or
fuscous-olivaceous, fleshy, fragile, campanulate, then ex-
panded, at length depressed ; margin spreading, even,
membranaceous ; flesh white, cinereous under the thick, vis-
cous, separable pellicle ; stem solid, soft, equal, even,
smooth, shining white, at length becoming cinereous ; gills
at first free, broad, crowded, shining white, many dimidiate,
and ^orked.
In pine woods. In mixed woods. Glamis.
Var. sororia., Fr. ; pileus convex, then plane or depressed,
margin striate ; stem even, white ; gills rather distant, con-
nected by veins.
In pine woods. Epping Forest.
Var. intermedia, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, depressed, viscid,
margin thin, striate ; stem usually attenuated downwards,
becoming cinereous and striate ; gills dirty-white.
On the ground, under trees.
35. R. fcBtens, Fr. (p. 213) ; 4-5 in. Epping Forest.
36. R. subfoetens, Sin. ; pileus bullate, somewhat viscid;
disc fleshy ; margin somewhat membranaceous, tuberculoso-
striate ; stem not stout ; gills thick, distant, branched.
254 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FLTx\GOLOGV.
Oa the ground. Smaller than R. fcetens ; odour some-
what disagreeable, taste slightly acrid. Epping Forest.
37. R. fellca, Fi\ ; pileus 1-2 in., straw-colour or
yellow, disc darker, thinly fleshy, convex, then plane,
polished, smooth, margin even, slightly striate when old,
pellicle closely adnate, thin ; flesh firm, same colour as
gills ; stem spongy-stuffed, then hollow, fragile, equal, even,
•white, then straw-colour; gills adnate, crowded, thin,
narrow, obsoletely connected by veins, others dimidiate or
bifid.
In beech Avoods. Epping Forest. Common. Very
acrid.
38. R. elegans, Bres.; pileus H-2 in., fleshy, thin, con-
vex, then rather depressed, margin tuberculose, striate when
old, viscid, bright rosy flesh colour, soon ochraceous at
circumfei'ence, wholly densely granulate ; stem spongy-
stufl'ed, then hollow, a little thickened at base, white
ochraceous below, rather rugulose ; flesh white, turning
ochraceous ; gills attenuated behind, adnexed or slightly
rounded, very crowded, equal, rarely furcate, whitish, be-
coming here and there orange ochre.
In mixed woods. Acrid with age.
39. R. Queletii, Fr. ; pileus 3 in., violaceous-black or
fuscous, ])urple-lilac at slightly striate margin, compact,
campanulato-convex, then plane, even, viscous ; flesh thin,
firm, white, reddish under pellicle; stem spongy, mealy,
violaceous purple ; gills attenuated, unequal or forked,
white, exuding drops, which on becoming dry form azure-
blue, cinereous or pallid olivaceous spots.
In woods. Common. Acrid.
40. R. expellens, Gill.; pileus 3-4 in., fleshy, firm,
rather depressed, viscid, bright purple, centre dark purple,
AGAEICINI. 2o5
at length decoloured, except at disc, cuticle separable ;
flesh purple, stem cylindrical, firm, equal, or a little thickened
at base, turning purple, mealy ; gills pallid yellow, furcate
at base, broad.
Under trees.
5. Fragiles. — Pileus more or less fleshy, rigid-fragUe, covered vnili
a continuous pellicle, in ivet weather viscid and somewhat
separable, margin membranaceous, at first convergent, not
involute, in fidl groivn plants sulcate and tubercular ; flesh
floccose, lax, friable; stem spongy, at length soft and hollow ;
gills almost all equal, simp>le, broader in front, free.
* GUIs and spores white.
41. R. emetica, (p. 212) ; 3-4 in ; flesh reddish under
the separable pellicle. Epping Forest.
Var. clusii, Fr. ; pileus convex, then expanded, blood-
red ; flesh white, turning yellowish ; gills obsoletely ad-
nexed, at length adnate, pallid, yellowish.
In woods.
Var. fallax, Schceff.; thinner, more fragile; pileus dirty
reddish, or variedly coloured, opaque, discoid ; gills ad-
nexed, distant, whitish, or watery pallid.
In moist places. Epping Forest.
42. R. atropurpureus, Kromb. ; large ; pileus fleshy,
plane, then depressed, dark purple, shining, dry, rather viscid
in wet weather, margin entire, even ; flesh white ; stem
straight, solid, stufled, white, somewhat cylindrical ; gills
fleshy, often furcate, broad, white, entire.
Among grass. Epping Forest. Hereford. Taste mild.
Fries considers this plant to be a form of R. emetica,
but Dr. Cooke places it in Section II. — Rigidce.
43. R. flngibilis, Britz.; pileus 2 iu., yellow, convpx.
256 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUXGOLOGV.
then plane or depressed, viscid, darker in centre, thin
towards margiu, not striate ; stem equal, soft, white, spong\%
at leugtli hollow ; flesh white ; gills rather unequal, at-
tenuated behind, somewhat crowded, thin, Avhite.
Under trees. Inodorous. Taste mild.
44. R. pectinata, F)\ ; pileus 3 in., viscous, brown, be-
coming pale, tan, disc darker, fleshy, rigid, convex, then
flattened and depressed, concavo-infundibuliform, margin
thin, pectinato-sulcate, here and there irregular ; flesh
white, light yellowish under the not easily separable pellicle ;
stem rigid, spongy- stuffed, longitudinally slightly striate,
shining white, often attenuated at base; gills attenuato-
free behind, broader at margin, somewhat crowded, equal,
simple, white.
In mixed woods. Glamis. Epping Forest. Odour
nauseous.
45. R. ochroleuca, Fr. ([). 212) ; I-I2 in. Epping
Forest.
46. R. granulosa, Cke. ; pileus 2-3 in., convex, plane,
then depressed or infundibuliform, at first viscid, ochra-
ceous-yellow, disc darker, breaking up into minute granules,
margin even, or faintly striate when old ; stem minutely
granular or mealy throughout, granules white at apex,
fuscous below, internally white, spongy ; gills rather crowded,
somewhat attenuated behind, nearly free, equal, rarely
furcate, white.
On the ground, under trees, Epping Forest,
47. R. seruginea, Fr. ; pileus convex, then flattened,
disc darker, depressed, even, rather dry, verdigris-greeu,
margin striate ; stem firm, even, smooth, white ; gills at-
tenuated behind, slightly adnexed, rather distant, white.
In woods. Taste mild.
AGAKICIXI. 257
48. R. citrina, Gill. ; pileus 4-5 in., fleshy, convex, a
little depressed in middle, rather viscid when moist, smooth,
a little wrinkled at margin when old, bright citron-yellow
or slightly greenish, sometimes a little lighter at margin,
centre at length pale ochraceous, epidermis easily raised at
margin ; gills white, slightly decurrent, bifurcate at base
and occasionally in middle, broader at marginal extremity,
graduated towards base ; stem solid, white, striate, equal,
or slightly attenuated at base, straight or slightly flexuose ;
flesh white, rather firm.
In mixed woods. Taste sweet to slightly acrid. Odour
none. Epping Forest.
49. R. fragilis, P. (p. 213). Epping Forest.
Var. nivea, P. ; whole plant Avhite.
Var. violacea. Quel. ; pileus 1^22 in., depressed, thin,
viscid, striate, bright violet, with a narrow white margin,
sometimes spotted with yellow, green or olive; flesh soft,
white ; stem spongy, then hollow, fragile, slender, striate,
pruinose, white ; gills adnate, crowded, thin, white.
In shady woods. Epping Forest.
50. R. punctata, Gill. ; pileus 22-3 in., margin striate,
attenuated, convex, then flattened, viscid, rosy, darker in
centre, punctate with dark rufous point-like tubercles, be-
coming pale when old; flesh white, reddish under cuticle; stem
stuffed, colour of pileus, attenuated at base and whitish ; gills
adherent, convex, white, then yellowish, edge often reddish.
In woods. Taste mild.
** (tiUs ami spores ichite, then bright yelloioish, or bright
lemon-yellow.
51. R. veternosa, Fr. ; pileus 2 in., rose or flesh colour,
soon pale, whitish or yellowish at disc, slightly fleshy, then
258 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY.
plane, depressed in middle, covered with a thin, adnate,
somewhat viscid pellicle, margin even, scarcely membrana-
ceous ; flesh soft, white ; stem soft, spongy, hollow, fragile,
even, equal, white ; gills adnate, crowded, narrow, broader
in front, with short ones intermixed, white, then straw
colour.
In woods. Chatteris. Taste acrid.
52. R. Integra, Fr. (p. 213) ; 3-4 in. Epping Forest.
Va7\ alba, Cke.; whole plant creamy- white.
On the ground.
53. R. decolorans, Fr. (p. 213} ; 3 in.
5 i. R. aurata, Fr. (p. 213) ; 2-3 in.
55. R. BarlsB, Quel. ; pileus 2^-3^ in., compact, viscid,
dry, convex, even, then flattened and depressed, peach
coloured, yellow, tinged with orange-red, sometimes cracked ;
flesh firm, turning reddish-brown when cut, white ; stem
fleshy, spongy, firm, silky pruinose, white ; gills white,
then pallid-ochraceous.
Among grass, under trees. Odour sweet, like melilot,
or, according to Dr. Cooke, like crab. Taste sweet.
56. R. nitida, Fr. (p. 214) ; 2 in.
Var. cuprea, Kromb. ; pileus convex, then plane, obtusely
umbonate, then expanded, depressed in centre, copper
colour or brick-red, turning yellowish, centre darker, smooth,
rather shining, somewhat viscid, margin acute, a little in-
flexed, sulcate ; gills broad, rather thick, equal, bright
yellow or orange, arcuate ; stem slender, curved, attenuated
downwards, naked, white, then reddish, delicately striate,
stuffed, silky shining.
In woods.
Var. pulchralis, Britz. ; pileus 2 in., viscid, thin, convex,
then flattened and depressed, circumference ochraceous.
AGARICINI. 259
centre spotted with red or purple, margin thin, deeply
striate, often split ; stem equal, ventricose or thickened at
base, fragile, white; gills broad, distant, rather thick,
whitish, then ochraceous-yellow.
In woods.
*** Gills and sjyores ochraceou^.
57. R. alutacea, Fr. (p. 214) ; 2-4 in. Epping Forest
58. R. armeniaca, Cke. ; very fragile, pileus 1—1^ in.,
convex, then depressed, smooth, even, peach colour, paler
at edge, margin thin, even; stem attenuated upwards,
smooth, white, hollow ; gills adnate, rounded behind, rather
broad, somewhat distant, bright ochre, almost egg-yellow.
Among grass, under trees. Epping Forest.
59. R. puellaris, Fi\ ; pileus 1—1^ in., membranaceous
except at disc, conically convex and tuberculose, livid-
purplish, becoming yellowish, disc brown, always darker ;
stem soon hollow, white, becoming yellowish ; gills attenu-
ated behind, adnate, thin, crowded, naked, white, then
pallid yellow.
On waysides in woods.
Var. intensior, Cke. ; pileus darker, nearly same size
deep purple, nearly black at disc ; stem and gills as in
type.
In same places.
Var. rosipes, -Seer. ; pileus 2-3 in., fleshy, margin thin,
convex, then flattened and depressed, soon dry, rosy flesh
colour, rosy orange, or rosy with a tinge of ochre, at first
spotted with whitish, at length blanched, margin shortly
tuberculate, striate ; flesh whitish, then rather yellowish ;
gills rather crowded, equal, some dimidiate or furcate,
furcate behind and rounded, free, rather distant, sometimes
260 OUTLINES OF lUHTISH FUNGOLOGY.
with au ad'.iate tooth, ventricose, whitish theu ochraceous
egg-yellow, connected by veins ; stem stuffed, lacunose,
white, here and there sprinkled with rosy meal.
In woods. Taste and odour pleasant.
60. R. ochracea, A. and S. ; pileus fleshy, soft, piano-
depressed, thin, pellicle viscid, shining, margin thin, sulcate ;
flesh ochraceous ; stem spongy, stuffed, soft, striate ; gills
touching the stem, broad, scarcely crowded, same colour.
In fir woods.
61. R. lutea, Fr. (p. 2U) ; 1-2 in. Epping Forest.
62. R. nauseosa, Fr. ; pileus variable in colour, typi-
cally purplish at disc, livid, becoming pale and whitish,
laxly fleshy, thin, at first piano-gibbous, then depressed,
viscid in wet weather, sulcate and somewhat tubercular at
the somewhat membranaceous margin ; flesh soft, white ;
stem spongy-stutted, slightly striate, white ; gills aduexed,
ventricose, somewhat distant, light yellow, theu dingy
ochraceous.
In woods, chiefly pine. Coed Coch. Taste mild, but
nauseous.
63. R. vitellina, Fr. ; 1 in.
64s R. chamaeleontina, Fr. ; pileus 1-2 in., thickly
fleshy, soon flattened, sometimes oblique, with a thin, sepa-
rable, viscid pellicle, at first flesh colour, yellow at disc,
then wholly yellow, margin even, then slightly striate ;
stem thin, somewhat hollow, slightly striate, white; gills
more or less adnexed, thin, crowded, equal, narrow, some-
what forked, light yellow-ochraceous.
In woods. Rare. Epping Forest.
AGARICINI. 261
Genus 10. CANTHAEELLUS, Fr. (p. 215).
I. Mesopus. — P ileus entire : stem central.
* Pileics and solid stem fleshy.
1. C. cibarius, Fr. (p. 215) ; 2-4 in. Epping Forest.
Var. rufipes, Gill ; stem rufous at the base.
2. C. Friesii, Quel. ; pileus some'what orange, fleshy,
thin, convex, then depressed, villous ; stem solid, slender,
villous at base, white, attenuated ; gills narrow, fold-like,
branched, yellow.
In woods. Sydenham Hill.
3. C. aurantiacus, Fr. (p. 215) ; 2-3 in. Epping
Forest.
4. C. Brownii, B. and Br. (p. 215) ; \ in.
5. C. carbonarius, A. and S. ; pileus date-brown, then
black, somewhat fleshy, striato-squamulose, umbilicate ;
stem paler ; gills tense and straight, white.
On charcoal heaps. Rare.
Var. radicosus, B. and Br. ; slender, deeply umbilicate,
floccose, black, stem rooting, pallid ; gills white, narrow.
On charcoal.
6. C. umbonatus, Fr. (p. 216) ; 1 in.
7. C. albidus, Fr, ; pileus \-\ in., whitish, inclining to
yellowish or rufescent, fleshy, thin, somewhat infundibuli-
form, irregular, somewhat repand, loose, smooth, somewhat
zoned ; stem solid, tough, equal or compressed, smooth,
white, rarely yellowish ; gills decurrent, thin, somewhat
crowded, repeatedly dichotomous, white.
In mossy places. Coed Coch.
8. C. Houghtoni, Phil. ; pileus 1-2 in., dirty white,
with a tinge of flesh colour, thin, convex, umbilicate
smooth ; stem stuff'ed, slender, thickened at apex, at first
262 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUXGOLOGY.
delicately fibrillose, rooting at the more or less cottony base;
gills somewhat decurrent, narrow, scarcely forked, pallid
flesh colour.
On the ground. Hereford.
** Pilevs someivhat membranaceous, stem tnh^dar, polished.
9. C. tiibseformis, Fr. (p. 216) ; 1—1 in. Epping
Forest.
Var. lutescens, Fr. ; pileus convexo-umbilicate, rather
even, somewhat regular ; stem more equal, attenuated up-
wards ; gills less divided.
10. C. infundibuliformis, Fr. (p. 216) ; 1-2 in. Epping
Forest.
11. C. cinereus, Fr. (p. 216) ; 1-2 in.
12. C. cupulatus, Fr. ; pileus k in., pallid fuscous when
damp, becoming pale, somewhat rufescent, when dry mem-
branaceous, plano-infuudibuliform, repand, not zoned, wheu
moist smooth, striate at margin, when dry even, flocculose;
stem stufted, equal, tense and straight, tough, smooth, paler
than pileus ; gills decurrent, very distant, branched and
simple, bi'oad, obtuse at edge, grey.
In waste places. Rare.
13. C. Stevensoni, B. and Br. ; pileus ^ in., pallid,
orbicular, nmbilicate, smooth, margin inflexed ; stem
cylindrical, delicately pulverulent, white, then darker ; gills
decurrent, pallid, becoming fuscous in front.
On rotten stump among moss. Glamis.
14. C. reflexus, Fr.; pileus membranaceous, campanulate,
convex, expanded and inverted, striate, fuscous, then cine-
reous ; stem fistulose, smooth, thickened above ; gills adnate,
decurrent. connected by veins, distant, branched and dimi-
diate, hoary white.
AGAEICINl. 26^
Among grass.
Var. devexus, Fr.; pileus cucullate^ stem stuffed with a
floccose pith; gills simple, ciuereous.
In burnt places.
II. Merisma. — /Stems very numerous, united into an elongated
cohimn or branched.
No British species recorded.
III. Pleuropus, — Dimidiate, stem exactly lateral.
15. C. muscigenus, Fr. (p. 217) ; 1 in.
16. C. glaucus, Batscli ; grey ; pileus membranaceous,
strap-shaped, ascending, silky, without zones ; stem lateral,
short, pruinate; gills fold-like^ swollen, distant, dichotomous.
On sandy slopes.
IV. Resupinati.— PiYe^ts entire, at first cup-shaped, adfixed by
the vertex, then somewhat reflexed.
* Bryophili. — Groiviny amongst mosses.
17. C. retirugis, Fr. (p. 217) ; | in.
18. C. lobatus, Fr. (p. 217) ; 1 in.
** LiGNATiLES. — Growing on wood.
No British species recorded.
Genus 12. ARRHENIA, Fr.
Minute, membranaceous, very tender, moderately persis-
tent, hymeneum inferior and striate with few, delicate,
slightly raised, simple, straight veins, which take the place
of gills.
No British species recorded.
264 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY.
Genus 13. NYCTALIS, Fr. (p. 217).
I. Spele.e. — Gills crowded, somen'hut coalescent. In hollovj places.
These species are j)robahly fontis of others, chanyed in appearance
owing to their place of groioth.
1. N. caliginosa, Sm. ; pileus white when dry ; marked
with light and dark dull grey colours when wet^ very fleshy,
floccoso-pruinose when dry, margin involute, slightly ex-
ceeding the gills ; stem solid, floccoso-pruinose, base naked ;
gills decurrent, thick, branched.
In a dark place in Bishop's Wood, Highgate. Odour
and taste rank and disagreeable, like Polyporus squamosus.
II. Pakasit.k. — Gills disti7ict, distant. On putrid Jungi.
2. N. asterophora, Fr. (p. 217) ; ^f in. Epping
Forest.
3. N. parasitica, Fr. (p. 218) ; i-1 in. Eppiug Forest.
Genus 14. MARASMIUS (p. 218).
I. CoLLYBiA. — Fileus flesh ij-pliuvt, at length someivhat coriaceous,
silicate or xvrinhled, margin at first involute, stem someichat
cartilaginous, mycelium floccose ^chen manifest.
A. ScROTEi. — Stem solid, or stuffed loith a ^^/i//, then hollow
iiiternally fibrous, externally clad with villous doivn which is
easily wiped from the cartilaginous cuticle.
* Stem tvoolly or strigose at base.
1. M. urens, Fr. (p. 218) ; 2-o in. Eppiug Forest.
2. M. peronatus, Fr. (p. 218) ; 1—2 in. Epping Forest,
o. M. porreus, Fr. (p. 219) ; 1-2 in.
** Stem naked at base, often composed of twisted fibres.
4. M. oreades, Fr. (p. 219) ; 1-2 in. Eppiug Forest.
5. M. plancus, Fr. ; pileus fleshy, tough, plane, then
AGARICINI. 265
depressed, obtuse, even, growing pale ; stem hollow, soon
compressed, with a villous white bark, rather attenuated and
naked at base ; gills receding, free, distant, linear, darker.
In woods.
6. M. scorteus, Fr. ; pileus h in., pale when dry,
slightly convex, scarcely umbonate, even, not striate at
margin, slightly wrinkled when dry; stem obsoletely
fistulose, thin, filiform, equal, not rooted, smooth, delicately
pruinose at apex, contorted and fuscous when dry ; gills
free, broad, rounded behind, ventricose, white.
In grass among trees. MoncreiflFe.
B. Tergini. — Stem roothnj, tubular, not Jibrous, cartilaginous;
gills separating -free ; pileus thinner than in forme/)' section,
hygrophanous, sometimes even, sometimes striate at margin.
* Stem voolly dowmoards, smooth upwards.
7. M. prasiosmus, Fr. ; pileus rather membranaceous,
tough, campanulate, then convex, flattened, obtuse, rugu-
lose ; stem fistulose, pallid above, becoming smooth, in-
crassated downwards, pale rufous or fuscous, somewhat
tomentose; gills adnexed, a little crowded, at first white.
Among leaves. Strong scented.
8. M. varicosus, Fr. ; pileus \ in., fuscous purple, darker
when dry, somewhat membranaceous, pliant, campanulate,
then convex, plane, umbonate, even ; stem thin, fistulose,
rubiginous, blackish when dry, smooth above, containing
dark blood-coloured juice ; gills separating-free, crowded,
linear, narrow, same colour as pileus, becoming dark,
umber-fuscous when dry.
In damp mossy places. Apethorpe.
9. M. fuseo-purpureus, Fr. (p. 219) ; i-1 in. Epping
Forest.
266 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUXGOLOGY.
10. M. terginus, Fr. = M. Stephensii, B. and Br. (p
220); pileus 1 in., llesh colour, whitish when dry, shining
tough, slightly fleshy, convex, then plane, at length de-
pressed, margin striate when moist ; stem fistulose, slightly
attenuated upwards, smooth, shining and pallid upwards,
reddish downwards, white villous at rooting base ; gills
separating-free, somewhat crowded, narrow, pallid.
Among leaves, beech, etc. Dursley. Epping Forest.
Inodorous, juiceless, solitary.
** SteDi zohen dry, j;riti?irtft)-veZvei?/.
11. M. Wynnei, B. and Br. (p. 219) ; 1-1^ in.
12. M. erythropus, Fr. (p. 220) ; 1 in. Epping Forest,
lo. M. archyropus, Fr. (p. 220) ; 1 in.
M. torquescens. Quel.
The specimens named as above, from Glamis, in Mr.
Berkeley's herbarium at Kew, have, according to Dr. Cook,
brown spores, and belong to Naucoria.
14. M. impudicus, Fr. ; pileus 2-I in., gregarious,
bay-browu-rufous, pale when dry, slightly fleshy at disc,
convex then plane, often depressed, soft, membranaceous,
striato-plicate, paler from circumference to middle; stem
fistulose, equal, sometimes compressed, rooting at attenuated
base, tough, flexile, naked, rufous, rufous-fuscous or viola-
ceous-purple, but covered with white villous down when
dry ; gills at first reaching stem, then free ; truncate be-
hind, connected by veins, ventricose, crowded, distant
whitish flesh colour.
On and about pine trunks. Hanham. Odour strong
and disgusting.
AGARICINI. 267
c. Calopodes. — Stem curt, rootless, inserted, of ten furnished toith a
fleshy tubercle at base; pileus convexo-involute, then i:>lane and
depressed ; gills typically adnate, slightly decurrent when pileus
is de])ressed. On stipules, branches, etc., gregarious, arid.
* Stem smooth and shining upwards, base simple.
15. M, scorodonius, Fr. (p. 220) ; i Id.
16. M. calopus, Fr. ; pileus ^ in., whitish, slightly fleshy,
tough, convex, then flattened, obtuse, rarely depressed, even
smooth, slightly wrinkled when dry ; stem fistulose, slightly
attenuated upwards, even, smooth, tough, rufous, or bay-
brown-rufous, shining, somewhat rooted ; gills slightly
emarginate, then white.
On twigs. Bristol. Inodorous.
17. M. Vaillantii, Fr. (p. 221) ; i in.
18. M. angulatus, B. and Br. ; pileus fuscous-whitish,
somewhat membranaceous, hemispherical, then flattened,
at length plicato-angular ; stem thin, rufescent-grey,
thickened at both ends, hairy at base ; gills distant,
whitish.
On grass. Cefn, Denbighshire, above bone cave.
19. M. languidus, Fr. ; pileus \ in., white, inclining to
Hesh colour or light yellow, slightly fleshy, at first convex,
margin involute, then more expanded and umbilicate,
tlocculose, rugoso-sulcate ; stem stuffed, thickened upwards,
naked, pallid, becoming fuscous, and commonly white-
villous at base ; gills adnate, then decurrent, distant,
connected by veins, narrow, white.
On dead leaves of grass. Coed Coch.
** Stem velvety or pruinate vxith a somewhat tuhercidar base.
20. M. fcEtidus Fr. (p. 221) ; \ m.
21. M. amadelphus Fr. (p. 221) ; J in.
268 OUTLIXES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY.
22. M. ramealis, Fr. (p. 221) ; ^ in. Epping Forest.
23. M. candidus, Bolt. (p. 222).
II. Mycena. — Stem horni/, fistuJose, or loith a pith, tough, arkl,
mycelium o'hizomorphoid, corticate notjioccose ; pileus somewhat
membranaceous, campanulate then eximnded, margin at first
straight, adpressed to stem.
A. CnoRDALES. — Stevi rigid, rooting, or adnate by a dilated
base ; pileus camjiumdate or convex.
24. M. alliaceus, Fr. (p. 223); 1-U in.
25. M. caulicinalis, Fr. ; pileus h in., dingy yellow,
becoming ferruginous, then ochraceous, membranaceous,
thin, pliant, campanulate, then convex, obtuse, at length
plane, striato-sulcate ; stem fistulose with a pith, rigid,
tough, floccoso-villous and bay-brown below, attenuated,
paler and mealy upwards, somewhat inserted at base ; gills
adnato-decurrent, somewhat distant, connected by a net-
work of veins, pallid light yellow.
Among leaves. Rare.
26. M. cohserens, A. and S. ; pileus rather fleshy, cam-
panulate, then expanded, obsoletely umbonate, velvety,
cinnamon-brown, growing pale ; stem horny, rigid, even,
smooth, shining, bay, pallid above ; gills free, distant,
connected by slight veins, white, then yellowish, growing
pallid.
On bramble. Epping Forest.
B. RoTUL^. — Ste7)i filiform, flaccid, inserted at base, pileus soon
rather plane or utnbilicate. Groiohig on leaves.
* Stem very smooth, shining.
27. M. rotula, Fr. (p. 222) ; ^ in. Epping Forest.
28. M. graminum, B. and Br. (p. 222) ; ^ in.
AGARICINI. 369
29. M. androsaceus, Fr. (p, 22.2) ; ^ in. Epping
Forest.
30. M. splachnoidesj Fr. ; pileus somewhat membran-
aceous, convex, then expauded and umbilicate, smooth,
striate; stem horny, fistuiose, smooth, shining, red, becoming
fuscous; gills somewhat decurrent, crowded, simple, anas-
tomosing, white.
Among pine leaves. Cabalva, Foxley.
31. M. Cvirreyi, B. and Br. ; pileus pallid rufous, furrows
paler, umbo fuscous, somewhat plane, sulcate, somewhat
radiate ; stem inserted, very smooth, shining, black, white
at apex ; gills attached to a collar, few, somewhat ventricose,
cream coloured, interstices veined.
On leaves of grasses. Fineshade, Norths.
** S'tem velvet}/ oi- pilose.
32. M. perforans, Fr. (p. 223) ; I in.
33. M. insititius, Fr. (p. 223) ; ^ in.
34. M. Hudsoni, Fr. (p. 223) ; ^ in. Epping Forest.
35. M. epichloe, Fr ; pileus whitish, bay-brown fuscous
in centre, thin, plano-convex, somewhat papillate, without
striae; stem bay-brown, opaque, sulcato-striate, strise
slightly bristly, paler at base; gills rounded, somewhat
crowded, broader behind.
On the base of grasses. Hereford.
36. M. actinophorus, B. and Br. ; small ; pileus convex,
umbilicate, bay-brown, radiately lined, rugose when dry;
stem hair-like, pallid ; gills white.
On twigs, etc.
37. M. saccliarinus, Fr. (p. 224).
38. M. epiphyllus, Fr. (p. 224) ; \-\ in. Epping
Forest.
270 OUTLINES OF I'-ItlTISII FUNGOLOGY.
39. M. polyadelphus, Lasch ; minute, white, rather
tough; pileus very thin, hemispherical, sulcate, flocculose ;
stem tough, floccose at base; gills decurrent, almost fold-like
On dead leaves.
III. Apus. — Pileus sessile, resupinate.
40. M. spodoleucus, B. and Br. (p. 224) ; | in.
41. M. Broomei, B. ; half-resupinate, pallid brown, then
striate, black ; hymenium, shining white ; gills distant,
veined^ interstices even.
On dead twigs. Batheaston. Dr. Cooke states, from
an examination of the examples in the Berkeley Her-
barium, Kew, that the last two species are identical with
each other; if this conclusion is correct, it is remarkable
that Mr. Berkeley should have described an unique species
twice and in different terms.
Genus 15. LENTINUS, Fr. (p. 224).
I. Mesopodes. — Pileus nearly entire, stem distinct.
* Lepidei. — Pileus scaly ; more or less manifestly veiled.
1. L. tigrinus, Fr. (p. 224) ; 2 in.
2. L. Dunalii, Fr. (p. 225) ; 2 in.
3. L. lepideus, Fr. (p. 225) ; 2-4 in. Epping Forest.
** PuLVERULEXTi. — Pileus vUlous or 2'>ulveruhnt.
4. L. leontopodius, Schulz. ; pileus tan-clay-colour,
fleshy-coriaceous, tough, irregular, delicately tomentose,
disc, depressed, margin deflexed, slightly lobed ; stem thick,
woody, unpolished, pulverulent, pale chestnut^ blackish
downwards ; gills decurreot, connected by veins, wrinkled
at side, serrated at edge.
On decayed willow. Menmuir, Forfarshire.
5. L. pulverulentus, Fr. ; tufted ; pileus 2 in., yellow,
mealy-white or mealy-umber, fleshy-pliant, at first infundi-
AGARICIXI. 271
buliform, lateral flabelliform, convex ; stem stout, elongated,
equal, rigid, mealy-white ; gills slightly toothed or de-
current, white.
On dead trunks. Glamis.
Va7\ resinaceus, Fr. ; somewhat c^spitose ; pileus ochra-
ceous-cinnamon, somewhat fleshy, pliant-excentric, some-
what gummy-villous ; stem unequal, tomentose ; gills
crowded, serrated, shining white.
On trunks. Forres.
6. L. adhserens, Fr. (p. 225).
*** CocHLEATi. — Lobed and hoisted in shape ; 2nlei(s smooth.
7. L. cochleatus, Fr. (p. 226); 2-3 in. Epping Forrest.
II. FhEVRoii.— Dimidiate, sessile or furnished with a someichat
lateral stem. ^
8. L. scoticus, B. and Br. ; pileus -^-lo in,, pallid, then
brownish, hygrophanous, umbilicate, sometimes infundibuli-
form, at length flattened, extremely variable in form,
stemless and reniform, or stipitate, lobed at margin and
sinuate or plicate ; stem when present cylindrical, darker,
pulverulent, springing from a brown flbrillose mycelium ;
gills decurrent when the stem is developed, rather distant,
strongly toothed.
On decayed Ulecc, birch and spruce. Menmuir.
9. L. flmbriatus, Curr. ; pileus \-\ in., fawn-colour,
covered with darker floccose scales, somewhat dimidiate,
somewhat coriaceous, thin, depressed, sometimes almost
cyathiform, margin slightly involute, almost strigose ; stem
lateral, rough, with somewhat reflexed scales, same colour
as gills, or rather paler ; gills descending, but not decurrent,
irregularly serrated and torn at margin, pale brown.
10. L. vulpinus (p. 226) ; 3 in.
272 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY.
11. L. flabellaeformis (p. 226); 1 in.
Genus 16. PANUS (p. 220.)
* Pileus irregular, stem excentric.
1. P. conchatus, Fr. (p. 227) ; 2— t in.
2. P. torulosus, Fr. (p. 226) ; 2-3 in. Epping Forest.
** ^'tein lateral.
3. P. styptieus, Fr. (p. 227) ; ^-1 in. Epping Forest.
4. P. farinaceus, Schum. ; pileus cinnamon-umber, some-
what coriaceous, fiexuous, cuticle separating into whitish
bluish-grey scurf; stem short, lateral, same colour as pileus ;
gills determinately free, distinct, paler.
On a fir pole. Glamis. Epping Forest.
Var. albido-tomentosus, Cke. and Mass. ; pileus 1 in.,
often imbricated ; stem sometimes absent or attached to a
villous base ; gills attenuated behind, lanceolate, honey
colour, entire, rigid, scarcely crowded, mixed with shorter
ones.
*** Pileus resupinute, sessile, or extended behind.
5. P. patellaris, Fr. ; pileus ^ in., pallid externally,
resupiuate, coriaceous, orbicular, plano-cup-shaped, adnata
by the sessile vertex, margin free, involute, purpuraceo-
villous externally; gills concurrent in a central point,
crowded, entire, arid, dark ochraceous.
On cherry. Forres.
0. P. Stevensonii, B. and Br. ; pileus ochraceous light-
yellow, spathulate ; flesh greenish yellow ; stem dilated
upwards, convex and golden, slightly hispid ; gills narrow,
entire.
On oak. Glamis.
POLYPOREI. 273
Genus 17. XEROTUS (p. 227.)
1. X. degener, Fr. (p. 227} ; 1| in.
Genus 18. TROG-IA Fr.
Gills fold-like, edge longtitudinally channelled, or in the
single European species, crispid.
Reviving with wet.
1. T. crispa, Fr. ; i x 1 in. Formerly placed in Cra-
terellus.
= C. crispus, Fr. (p. 266).
Genus 19. SCHIZOPHYLLUM (p. 228.)
] . S. commune, Fr. (p. 228) ; 1 in.
Genus 20. LENZITES (p. 228.)
* On wood of deciduous trees.
1. L. betulina, L. ; 1—2 in. Epping Forest.
2. L. flaccida, Bull.
* On wood of coniferous trees.
3. L. sepiaria, Fr. ; 1—3 in.
4. L. abietina, Fr. ; i in. x 12 in.
Order 2. POLYPOREI (p. 229.)
Genus 21. BOLETUS Fr. (p. 229.)
Series i. Euchroi. — Tubes bright- coloured, commonly
yellow, not white or grey.
A. Viscipellis. — PUeus covered with a viscous pellicle : stem solid,
not bulbous or reticulated with veins ; tubes adnate to tJie stem,
rarely sinuate, of one colour.
1. B. luteus, Fr. (p. 229) ; 2-4 in.
274 OUTLINES OF BKITIISH FUNGOLOOY.
.'2. B. elegans, Schum. (p. 229) ; 2-1' in. Epping Forest.
3. B. flavus, JVith. (p. 230) ; 2-3 in. Epping Forest.
4. B flavidus, F)\ ; pileus 1-2 in.^ livid light yellowish,
gibbous, then plane, viscous, flesh pallid ; stem somewhat
equal, pallid, sprinkled with fugacious glandules above the
viscous ring; tubes decurrent ; pores large, angular; com-
pound, dirty light yellow. Kromb. t. 4: f. 35-37.
In pine woods, llannoch.
5. B. coUinitus, Fr. ; pileus becoming pale when the
fuscous gluten separates, pulvinate, even ; Hesh white ; stem
firm, attenuated downwards, ringless, white, becoming
fuscous, somewhat reticulated with adpressed squamules ;
tubes adnate, elongated ; pores divided in two, pallid, thin,
yellow, naked. Kromb. t. 76, f. 10, 11.
In fir woods. Ascot.
6. B. granulatus, L. (p. 230),
7. B. tenuipes, Cke. ; pileus gilvous, viscid, streaked
with minute fibrils when dry; stem attenuated at base,
yellow, becoming rufescent ; pores adnate, with faint decur-
rent lines on top of stem ; fiesh under the pileus roseate
pink.
On the ground in woods. Epping Forest.
8. B. aurantiporus, Howse ; pileus 2 in.; at first fer-
ruginous, then pale gilvous, pulvinate, then expanded,
viscid, at length squamulose about the margin ; stem equal,
beautifully reticulated with yellow and red ; tubes deeply
decurrent; pores broad, angular, golden yellow, then orange,
turning red when bruised ; flesh becoming slightly red-
dish.
Under trees. Near Shere.
9. B. bovinus, L. (p. 230) ; 2 in. Epping Forest.
10. B. badius, Fr. (p. 281) ; 3-6 in. Epping Forest.
POLYPOKEI. 275
11. B. sanguineus, PFith. (p. 231) |-li in.
12. B. piperatus, Bull. (p. 231) ; 1-3 in. Eppiug
Forest.
B. SuBTOMENTOSi. — PiUus destitute of a viscid 2JdUcle, villous
when young, rarely becoming smooth; stem not bulbous, or
reticidated ivith veins ; here and there rtigose or striate ; tubes
adnate to stem; flesh rarely changing colour ; tubes of one
colour.
13. B. variegatus, Sw. (p. 231); 3-5 in.
14. B. sulphureus, Fr. ; caespitose; pileiis sulphur-yellovVj
compact^ convex, then plane, silky-tomentose, with innate
flocci ; flesh light yellow, more or less blue when broken,
golden when exposed to the air, here and there reddish near
the tubes; stem firm, ventricose, even, smooth, sulphur-yellow,
at length dingy-ferruginous ; tubes adnato-decurrent, short,
changeable on being touched, at length ferruginous
spotted ; pores minute, compound, sulphur-yellow, at length
green.
Amongsawdust. Loch-an-Eilan, Rothiemurchus. Spring-
ing from golden woolly mycelium.
15. B. strisepes, Seer. (p. 232) ; 2-2h in.
16. B. chrysenteron, Fr. (p. .23.2) ; 2-3 in. Epping
Forest.
17. B. subtomentosus, Z/. (p. 232); 3 in. Epping Forest.
Var. radicatus, Kromb. ; somewhat verdigris green.
Epping Forest. Kromb. t. 18 /. 1-6.
18. B. spadiceus, Sehaeff. ; pileus date-brown, opaque,
pulvinato-expanded, moderately compact, dry, tomentose,
then widely cracked ; flesh white, unchangeable, fuscous-
reddish above ; stem firm, clavate, even, flocculoso-fur-
furaceous, yellow, inclining to fuscous; tubes adnate,
276 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY.
yellow ; pores minute, somewhat round. Kroiub. t. 36,
/. 19, 20.
In mixed woods. Glamis.
19. B. radicans, P. ; pileus olivaceous-cinereous, then
pale yellowish, pulvinate, dry, somewhat tomentose, margin
thin, involute ; flesh light yellow, becoming dark azure-
blue ; stem attenuato-rooted, even, light yellow, flocculose,
with reddish pruina, naked, dark when touched ; tubes
aduate ; pores unequal, large, lemon yellow. Opatowsky .
Bolet. t. 1.
In woods. Epping Forest. Taste bitterish.
20. B. rubinus, Sm. ; pileus 2-3 in., yellow-fuscous,
pulvinato-gibbous, then plane, dry, somewhat tomentose,
slightly cracked ; flesh vivid yellow, wholly unchangeable ;
stem yellow, smeared with crimson, irregular ; tubes some-
what decurrent, compound, medium size, wholly carmine.
Jour. Bot. 1868, /. 75, /. 1-4.
Under trees. Caddington, Dunstable, Epping Forest.
In mixed woods.
c. SuBPRUiNOSi. — Tubes adnate to stem, i/elloioish ; stem equal,
even, not bulbous or reticulated ; pileus smooth or pruinose.
21. B. versicolor, Rostk. ; pileus convex, then plane, dry,
even, smooth, or pulverulent, blood-red ; flesh yellow ; stem
solid, firm, smooth, more or less equal, base yellow; tubes
rounded behind, adnate, yellow ; pores large, angular.
Rostk. t. 10.
In beech woods. Epping Forest.
22. B. pruinatus, Fr. ; pileus 2 in, purplish bay-brown,
umber-pruinose, convex, then plane, rigid, dry ; flesh white,
obsoletely green or azure-bluish; stem firm, somewhat
veutricose, even, smooth, variegated yellow and reddish ;
POLYPOREI. 277
tubes adnate, light yellow; pores minute, round. Bull,
t. 393, /. B.C.
On grassy ground. Kew.
23. B. parasiticus, Bull. (p. 231) ; 1-2 in. Epping
Forest.
D. Calopodes. — ^item stout., at first hulhous, in typical species
reticulated inith veins ; tubes adimte ; p>ores not reddish.
2 Jr. B. variecolor, 7^. and Br.; pileus olivaceous, convex,
somewhat tomentose, margin involute ; flesh dark purple
under the cuticle ; stem bulbous, attenuated upwards, reti-
culated at apex, yellowish downwards, rufescent and deli-
cately pubescent upwards ; tubes minute, free, yellow.
B. and Br. n. 1020, L 13,/. 3.
In woods, etc. Uncommon.
25. B. calopus, Fr. (p. 232) ; 4 in. Epping Forest.
26. B. olivaceus, Schcpff. (p. 233) ; 2-3 in.
27. B. paehypus, Fr. (p. 233) ; 4-8 in. Epping Forest.
28. B. eandicans, Fr. ; pileus 4-8 in., leathery, smooth
and polished when dry, dirty white, with a faint greenish
tinge, margin irregular, somewhat crenate ; stem lemon-
white, reticulated, solid ; flesh changing rapidly from white
to indigo-blue on exposure to air ; tubes lemon ; orifices
uneven and irregular. S. and Sm. Myc. 111. t. 17.
In open spaces among grass. Epping Forest.
E. Edules. — Tubes not reddish at orifice, rounded and
aboiit stem, somewhat free ; stem stout, bulbous, not [except in
B. edulis) reticulated, or dotted vnth small scales or red colour ;
fiesh scarcely changing colour ; taste jileasant.
29. B. edulis, Bull. (p. 234) ; 3-6 in. Epping Forest.
30. B. sereus. Bull. ; pileus small, olivaceous-fuscous
somewhat blackish, pulvinate, smooth, somewhat pelliculose ;
^iyb OUTILXES OF r.iaTISH rUXGOLOGY.
flesh whitCj becomiog yellow ou exposure to air; stem stout,
somewhat reticulated, yello^vish, fuscous at base; tubes
minute, somewhat free, sulphur-yellow. Bull. t. 321.; -oar,
t. 385. Kromb. t. 36/. 1.7. Quel t. 16, /. 2. Rost, t. 15.
la woods. Surrey.
31. B. fragrans, Vitt. ; pileus fuscous-uraber, pulvinate,
repand, somewhat tomentose, margin inflexed ; flesh yellow,
unchangeable, or becoming green or azure-blue, at length
becoming red ; stem stout, at first ovato-bulbous, often
fusiform at the base, even, variegated yellowish and red ;
tubes half free ; pores minute, round, yellow, becoming
green. — Vitt., t. 19; Ventvr., t. 33,/. 3-5; Kromb., t. 75,
/ 15-21.
In woods, under oak, etc.
32. B. impolitus, Fr. (p. 234) ; 4 in. Epping Forest.
33. B. aestivalis, Fr. (p. 234) ; 6-8 in. Epping Forest.
F. LuiUDi. — Tubes rounded toioards stem, free ; jwres atjirst closed,
red; jnleus compact, then softjpidvhiate; fleshy, ^ulcy, changing
colour; stem stout, at first curt, bulb-shaped, then elongated
and nearly equal, someiohat reticulated or dotted. Groioing
chiefly in deciduous woods. Said to be poisonous.
34. B. satanas, Len;::. (p. 233) ; 4-8 in. Epping Forest.
35. B. luridus, Scha'Jf. (p. 233) ; 4-8 in. Epping Forest.
36. B. erythropus, F. (p. 233). Epping Forest.
37. B. purpureas, Fr. (p. 231). Epping Forest.
Series ii. TEPniioLEUCi.— 7'»/>es at first white or grey.
(;. Favosi. — Tubes large, angidar, unequal, adnate to stem, often
shortened, around it, uotfornung a rovndedly-free stratum.
38. B. laricinus, B. (p. 230) ; 2-3 in. Epping Forest.
39. B. viscidus, L. (p. 235).
POLYPOREI. ^/y
H. Yersipelles. — Tubes minute, round, equal, crowded together
in a convex stratum ivhich is free Jrom the stem ; spores ferrv^
ginous.
40. B. versipellis, Fr. (p. 235) ; 2-5 in. Epping
Forest.
41. B. scaber, Fr. (p. 235); 2-7 in. Epping Forest.
42. B. duriusculus, Kalckb. ; pileus 2—5 in.^ globose
then hemispherical, soft, smooth, viscid when moist, whitish
tawny then dirty chestnut colour or olivaceous ; flesh white,
becoming coppery-red, passing into greyish-violet ou expo-
sure to air ; stem attenuated at base, ventricose, whitish,
normally densely punctate with delicate umber squamules ;
tubes free, elongated, thin, livid, becoming tawny; pores
white, at length same colour.
In woods. Epping Forest. Said to be " edible and
delicious."
43. B. cruentatus, Vent. ; pileus 3 in., convex, rather
velvety, then plane, smooth, at length rugulose, gilvous ;
stem thick, rather bulbous, attenuated downwards into a
rooting base, and upwards into pileus ; flesh yellowish,
turning blood red, especially near top of stem when cut ;
pileus stained red where touched or bruised ; tubes adnata ;
pores small, simple, yellow. — Vent. Mic. t. 4i^, f. 3—4.
Under beech. Kew. Odour foetid.
I. Hyperpodii. — Tubes adiuite to stem, lohitish ; spores rosy
then irhite fiesh-colour.
44. B. felleus, Bull. (p. 236) ; 3-4 in. Epping Forest.
45. B. alutarius, Fr. (p. 235).
280 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUXGOLOGY.
K Cariosi. — Stem externally never reticulated, internally stuffed
with a spomjy pith, at length commonly holloio ; tubes at first
v^hite, then often light yellowish ; j^ores minnte, round ; spores
white.
46. B. cyanescens, Bull. (p. 236) ; 2-5 in.
47. B. castaneus, Bull. (p. 236) ; 2-3 in. Epping Forest.
48. B. fulvidus, Fr. ; pileus convexo-plane, rigid as well
as the stem, which is stuffed, then hollow, equal, firm, even,
smooth, shining, growing dusky ; flesh white, then yel-
lowish ; tubes free, elongated ; pores white, then lemon-
yellow. — Rostk. t. 45.
Under trees. Kew.
Subgenus i. Gyrodon, Opat. — Pores sinuous or gyroso-plicate ;
tubes very short, slightly ad?iate to hymenoj>hore.
No British species recorded.
Subgenus ii. Boletinus, Kalch. — Hymenophore not even, hut with
projecting points which descend like a trama between the tubes ;
stem anmdate.
No British species recorded.
Of uncertain affinity.
49. B. carnosus, Bostk. ; compact ; pileus fuscous, pul-
vinate, smooth ; flesh pallid, dirty yellowish ; stem short,
firm, somewhat striate, rufesceut, light yellow ; tubes ad-
nate, depressed round stem, dark yellow ; pores rather
large, angular, same colour. — Rostk. t. 14,
In woods. Stoke Poges.
Genus 22. STROBILOMYCES B. (p. 236.)
1. S. strobilaceus, B. ; 2—1 in.
Genus 23. FISTULINA (p. 2:^7 .)
1. P. hepatica, Fr. ; 6-12 in.
POLYl'ORFJ. 281
Genus 24. POLYPORUS (p. 237.)
I. Mesopus. — Pileus entire or excentric ; stem distinct, vertical,
simple, same colour at base, not definitely blackish.
A. Carnosi. — P ileus fleshy, Jr agile or pliant, not coriaceous,
zoneless ; lohite spored ; growing on the grouiul ; autumnal.
* Pileus unpolished, scaly or floccose.
1. P. leucomelas, Fr.; pileus 2-3 in., fuliginous, fleshy,
somewhat fragile, irregular, slightly silky squamulose ; flesh
white, reddish when broken ; stem stout, equal or unequal,
somewhat tomentose, sometimes tuberous and becoming
black internally, same colour as pileus ; pores rather large,
unequal, cinereous whitish.
In fir wood. Rothiemurchus.
*'* Pileus ptolished, very smooth.
No British species recorded.
B. Lbnti. — Pileus jlesJiy-pliant tlien coriaceous, zoneless ; white-
spored ; growing on trunks ; persistent.
* Pileus unpolished, scaly or villous.
2. P. lentus, Berk. (p. 237) ; li in.
3. P. brumalis, Berk. (p. 237) ; 1-4 in.
** Pileus even, smooth.
4. P. fuscidulus, Fr. (p. 237) ; 1-2 in.
5. P. leptocephalus, Fr. (p. 237) ; 1 in.
c. Spongiosi. — Pileus at first spongy-soft, absorbing water, tomen-
tose, then corky or coriaceous; stem curt, irregular; pores
irregidar, pruinose, changing colour ; spores lohite ; generally
terrestrial ; mostly rare.
6. P. Schweinitzii, Fr. (p. 238) ; 8 in. Epping Forest.
7. P. rufescens, Fr. (p. 238) ; 2-4 in. Epping Forest.
282 OUTLINES OF BKITISII FUNGOLOCxV.
D. SuBCORiACEi. — Pilevs at first indurated, arid, then corky or
coriaceous ; stem definite ; jiwes at first sprinkled with a white
bloom; substance ferruginous ; groicing on the ground or on
trunks ; more rigid than the Spongiosi ; more regular and
2Jersistent ; not reviving.
* Pileus tomentose, velveti/.
8. P. perennis, Fr. ; 1^-3 iu. Eppin^ Forest.
** PiUus very smooth.
No British species recorded.
II. Pleuropus. — Pileus 2>li(^iii or corky, horizontal, not circular ;
istem simple, ascending, corticate, either definitely lateral or
excentric, always black at base ; growing on ivood.
A. Lenti. — Pileus fieshy-pliant ; stem excentric, blackish at base :
tubes short; sid)stance 2')cdlid, somewhat fibro}'s.
* Pileus scaly orfioccose.
9. P. squamosus, Fr. (p. 238) ; 3-16 in. Epping Forest.
10. P. Michelii. Fr. ; pileus 2-3 in., yellowish-white,
fleshy-pliant, depressed, repand, slightly silky, some-
what squamulose ; stem somewhat lateral, bulbous, rough,
white, becoming fuscous at base ; pores large, somewhat
round-oblong, entire, white.— Rostk. t. 1 ; Mich. t. 61,/. 2.
On stumps. Penzance.
11. P. melanopus, Fr. ; pileus 2-3 in., white, then
yellowish-fuscous, fleshy-pliant, plane, then infundibuliform,
at flrst delicately flocculose, then smooth ; flesh thick,
white, soft, not becoming woody ; stem excentric, some-
what velvety, incurved, thickened downwards, black ; pores
decurreut, curt, minute, obtuse, unequal, white. Rostk.
t. 4.
On dead wood and roots. Uncommon.
POLYl'OiiEI. 283
** Pileus even, very smooth.
l:l. p. Rostkovii, Fr. (p. 238) ; 6 in.
13. P. picipes, Fr. (p. 238); 6 iu.
14. P. varius, Fr. (p. 238) ; i— 4 in. Epping Forest.
15. P. elegans, Fr. (p. 238) ; 2-4 in. Epping Forest.
Var. uummularius, Fr. ; pileus 1 in., smaller, thinner,
somewhat regular ; stem equal, excentric.
On trunks.
16. P. petaloides, Fr. ; pileus chestnut-fuscous, some-
what membranaceous, spathulate, rugose, smooth, zoneless,
flaccid when moist ; stem lateral, compressed, smooth, not
rooting, whitish, adnate at the dilated shield-like base ;
pores decurrent, short, small, white.
On old stumps. Sibbertoft.
B. SuBEROSi-LiGNOsi. — PUeus thick, hard, zoneless ; stem stout,
vertical, same colour at base ; pores elongated.
\7. P. lueidus, Fr. (p. 240); 2-6 in. Epping Forest.
III. 3iERiSMA. — Many pileoli proceeding frmn a common trunk or
tubercle, arising from subdivision of primary pileus; the
largest of all fungi.
A. Carnosi. — Pileus fleshy, firm, floccoso- fibrous, zoneless, not
coriaceo-indurated ; tufts central, sti2ntate, sjrringing from a
common base ; in slender forms resembling a central, simple,
lobed pileus ; pores separating from pileus; white spored ;
2)«'rtially grouping on the ground; all said to be edible.
18. P. umbellatus, Fr. ; very much branched, fibrous-
fleshy, toughish ; pileoli very numerous, ^-1^ in., fuligi-
nous, rufous or pallid light-yellow, entire, umbilicate;
stems elongated, separate, united at base, white; pores
minute, white. — Kromb. t. 52, /. 3-9; Lenz. f. 44; Trat-
284 OUTLINES OF BKITISII FUNGOLOGY.
ten. t. T. ; Quel. t. 18, /. 1 ; Schteff. t. III., 265, 266
Jacq. Austr. t. 172; FI. Dan. t. 1197.
Ou stump. Epping Forest.
19. P. frondosus, Fr. ; tufts 6-12 in.; very much
branched, fibrous-fleshy, toughish; pileoli very numerous,
h—2 in., fuliginous-grey, dimidiate, rugose, lobed, intricately
recurved ; flesh white ; stems growing into each other,
white ; pores rather tender, very small, acute, white. — Sv.
dtl. Sv. t. 44; Kromh. t. 48, /. 17-20; Rostk. ^.18; Fl.
Dan. t. 952 ; Paul. t. 29 ; Sterb. t. 28.
On stumps and roots. Rare.
20. P. intybaceus, Fr. (p. 240) ; Epping Forest.
21. P. cristatus, Fr. (p. 240) ; pileoli 3 in.
B. J^^T^TH.—Pileus Jleshy-pliant, then someivhat coriaceoiis, more or
less zoned, fibrous loithin ; 2J0i'es achiate ; tufts lateral, some-
u'hat stijiitate, in many imbricated layers ; stems moi'e or less
connate, or cjr owing from a common tuber ; tvhite spored ; not
edible ; fragile when old ; autumnal and not lasting till foUov:-
ing spring ; growing at the base of trunks.
22. P. giganteus, Fr. (p. 240) ; tufts 1-2 ft. Epping
Forest.
23. P. acanthoides, Fr. ; in many imbricated layers,
pliant then coriaceous ; pileoli ferruginous, infundibuliform,
inciso-dimidiate, somewhat zoned, longitudinally rugose ;
stems connecto-branched, white then rufescent ; pores lamel-
loso-sinuate, thin, toothed at edge, white then rufescent. —
Bull. t. 486 ; Pers. Ic. Pict. t. 6.
On trunks. Penzance.
POLYPOREI. 285
c. Caseosi. — PiUus cheesy, at first soft andjaicy, then arid fragile,
without a pellicle, zoneless ; jjores separating ; tufts sessile on
stems of trees, commonly dimidiate, but in a hm^izontal sitiudion
expanded on all sides, central, at first evolved from a shapeless
tubercle into numerous pileoli ; acid ; growing in spring and
summer, soon decaying,
24. P. stilphureus, Fr. (p. 124) ; 1-2 ft. ; pilei 8 in.
Epping Forest.
25. P. imbricatus, Fr.; in many csespitose layers, fibrous-
cheesy, at length pale and dividing ; pileoli imbricated,
lobed, opaque, yellowish-tawny, margin pallid, slightly
zoned ; pores small, round, pallid dingy-yellow. — Bull. 6,
418.
On trunks. Rare. Epping Forest.
26. P. Herbergii, Roslk. ; ceespitose, rather corky ; pileoli
imbricated, bright bay, sulphury about margin ; pores laby-
rinthiform, unequal, torn and toothed, pale cinereous. —
Rostk. xxix. t. 18.
On trunks. Edinburgh Fungus Show.
27. P. alligatus, Fr. (p. 241).
D. SuBEROsi. — Pileus corky or coriaceous, persistent, tough, substance
floccose, somewhat soft, suitable for tiruler ; p>ores adnate ; tufts
someichat sessile, lateral or central, according to situation;
pileoli drawn together, free at base, not effused ; on trunks
close to the ground; not edible.
28. P. heteroelitus, Fr. (p. 241).
29. P. salignus, Fr. (p. 241).
386 OUTLINES OF mUTISH FUKGOLOGY.
IV. Apus. — Stemless ; pileus sessile, normally adnate hy a thickened
dilated base, dimidiate, or entire and attached behind,
commonly by a,n ximbo, more rarely attenuated and sessile,
moi'e frequently toholly resiqnnate ; (jroimnrj on u'ood ; very
abundant, irith an endless variety of forms.
A. Anodermei. — Pileus loithout a cuticle, surface broken up into
Jlocci or fibres, zoneless, but transversely zoned within, or more
m' less fibrous.
1. (Jarnosi. — Pileus checf^y, at first watery-soft, Jrayile, fioccidose,
not bristly-hispid ; pores white ; v)hen fully grown soft or hard, ;
soon putrifying, not lasting through the vnnter.
* EuPOLYPOREi. — Pores round, entire, obtuse, without small
teeth.
30. P. epileucus, Fr. ; pileus 3—4 in., whitish internally
and externally, semi-orbicular, concave beneath, cheesy,
soft, then firm, pulvinate, villous-rugged, not zoned ; pores
minute, round, entire, white. — Fl. Dan. t. 1791.
On stumps, chiefly fir and elm. Rare.
31. P. alutaceus, Fr.; somewhat imbricated; pileus
] in., tan colour, fleshy, at. length tough, reniform-dilated,
somewhat velvety, sometimes hairy and rugose, obsoletely
zoned within, margin acute, even ; pores very small, thin,
somewhat round, whitish-tan. — Bostk. t. 30.
On decayed pine stiimps. Glamis,
32. P. pallascens, Fr. (p. 244) ; 2 iu.
33. P. chioneus, Fr. (p. 211) ; 1 in. Epping Forest.
34. P. cerebrinus, B. and Br. ; pileus 1 in., white, pul-
vinate, delicately tomentose, becoming smooth, margin cre-
nate ; pores rounded, entire, dissepiments thick, obtuse.
On fir. Glamis. Looks like a portion of Avhite brain.
POLYPOREI, 287
** Pores elonyated,jiexuous, acute, torn ; not becoming hard.
35. P. lacteus, i^>\ ; shining white; pileus fleshy-fibrous,
fragile, triangular, pubescent, at length smooth, zoneless
externally and internally, margin infiexed, acute ; pores
thin, acute, toothed, at length, labyrinthiform, torn. — Fr.
Icon. t. 182,/. 1.
On dead laburnum and birch. Rare.
36. P. fragilis, Fr. (p. 242).
37. P. mollis, Fr. ; pileus flesh colour, fleshy-fibrous,
soft, not watery, effuso-reflexed, somewhat triangular,
rugose, margin acute; pores unequal, elongated, flexuose,
soft, white, spotted with red when touched. — Fr. Icon,
t. 182, /. 3.
On dead pine. Slough.
38. P. csesius, Fr. (p. 242). Epping Forest.
39. P. trabeus, Rostk. ; white ; pileus fleshy-fibrous,
then firm, eft'aso-reflexed, transversely elongated, zoneless,
pallid ; pores curt, minute, somewhat round or elongated,
toothed, white. — Rostk. t. 28.
On dead pine. Den of Dun. Menmuir.
40. P. destructor, Fr. (p. 242).
Lexti. — Pilei(s jieshy-iMant, tough, soft, elastic, villoso-tomentose
substance fibroso-Jloccose ; pores somewhat adnate, coloured,
always soft, somewhat flexile, lasting to the folloioing spring.
* Substance coloured.
41. P. nidulans, Fr. (p. 242) ; \-\ in.
42. P. rutilans, Fr. (p. 242).
43. P. gilvus, Schw. ; pileus pale yellowish, fleshy-pliant,
effuso-reflexed, soft, even, becoming smooth, zoneless, mar-
gin spreading, thin, acute ; pores very small, naked, entire,
288 OUTLINES OF BKITISH FUNGOLOCiV.
pale yellowish-ferruginous, opaque. = Sowerby's Boletus
impiiber^ t. 195.
On trunks. Rare.
** Substance v-hite.
44. P. fumosus, Fr. (p. 21-3) ; 2-4 in.
45. P. adustus, Ft. (p. 243). Eppiug Forest.
46. P. erispus, Fr. (p. 243).
47. P. amorphus, Fr. (p. 213).
48. P. adiposus, Fr. (p. 243). Epping Forest.
49. P. Keithii, B. and Br. ; \ in. ; shell-shaped, stem-
less, decurrent behind; pileus bright red-brown, rough
with rigid tooth-shaped processes ; hymenium pallid ; dis-
sepiments lacerated.
On fallen sticks. Dunphail.
3. Spongiosi. — At first and whilst moist spongi/, when dry firm,
elastic, for the most part hristhj -hispid, internally fihroubs ; flesh
commonly presenting an intermediate stratum more compact
than tlie exterior ; firm ; annual ; autumnal ; finest examples on
living trunks.
* Substance coloured.
50. P. hispidus, Fr. (p. 213) ; 4-6 in. Epping Forest.
51. P, cuticularis, i^/-. ; pileus ferruginous-fuscous, then
blackish, thin, spongy-fleshy, then juiceless, becoming
plane, hairy, tomentose, internally laxly composed of paral-
lel fibres, margin fibroso-fimbriate, incurved ; pores minute,
long, pallid then ferruginous. — Bull. t. 462.
On trunks. Epping Forest. Burnham Beeches.
** Siibstaiice white.
52. P. spumous, Fr. ; 3 in.
53. P. borealis, Fr. ; pileus 2 in., white then yellowish,
spongy then corky, compact, somewhat pulvinate, hairy,
P0LYP0i:i:i. 289
internally composed of parallel fibres, margin spreading ;
pores adnate, unequal, sinuoso-flexuous and torn, white.
— Rostk. 4, t. 40 ; Schceff. t. 314.
On stumps. Slough, Balnamoon, Forfarshire. Stra-
chau, Kincardineshire.
B. Placodermei.— /'i'Zeif^ clothed with a continuous zoneless or
concentricalbj silicate crust ; persistent.
4. SuBEEOSi. — Pileus fleshy and jiucy, then hard, covered v:ith a
somewhat thin crzist; pores slender, at length somewhat sepa-
rating ; autumnal^, sometimes lasting till /ollovnng spring
but never producing strata.
* Substance coloured.
54. P. dryadeus, Fr. (p. 244) ; 3-7 in. Epping Forest.
** Substance white, not zoned.
55. P. betulinus, Fr. (p. 214) ; 3-6 in. Epping Forest.
56. P. quercinus, Fr. (p. 239).
b. FoMEXTARii. — Pileus JloGcose, juiceless, not fiesliy or spongy,
covered with a hard, horny crust ; pores at length stratose ;
growing on wood ; someivhat pidvinate ; perennial.
* Substance umher or fuscous.
57. P. vegetus, Fr. (p. 245).
** Substance somewhat Jerraginous.
58. P. applanatus, Fr. (p. 245). Epping Forest.
59. P. fomentarius, Fr. (p. 245). Epping Forest.
Var. pomaceus, P. The common form on willow ; spores
dark and ferruginous.
60. P. nigricans, Fr. (p. 245).
61. P. igniarius, Fr. (p. 246). Epping Forest.
T
290 OUTLINES OF BKITISH FUNGOLOGV.
G2. P. fulvus, Fr. ; pileus tawuy, then boary, woody-
corky^ very hard, triangular, even, not concentrically sulcate,
at first villous ; pores short, round, minute, cinnamon, at
first covered with a cinereous-yellow pruina. — Fr. Icon.
A 184,/. 3.
On decayed trunks. Rare.
()'3. P. pectinatus, A7. ; pileus ferruginous-fuscous, corky-
woody, hard, triangular, concentrically lamellato-plicate
above, tomentoso-scaly ; margin pale yellowish, naked ;
pores very small, short, obtuse, pale-yellowish, naked. —
Quel. /. 17, /. 5.
Penzance.
64. P, conchatus, Fr. (p. 246).
65. P. ribis, Fr. (p. 246) ; 4 in.
66. P. salicinus, F. (p. 21'6) ; 12 in.
*** Si(hstance irliAte or judlid {except P. rosevs).
67. P. roseus, Fr. ; somewhat cicspitose ; 2-4 in., pileus
externally and internally rose-colour, corky-w^oody, hard,
triangular, even, somewhat banded, as if sprinkled with cine-
reous-blackish powder externally, internally floccoso-fibrous ;
pores minute, round, rose-colour.
On dressed wood in conservatory. Glamis,
68. P. ulmarius, Fr. (p, 246) ; 3-4 in.
69. P. cytisinus, Berk, {p, 247) ; 12 in.
70. P. connatus, Fr. (p. 248) ; 12-24 in.
C. LiGXOSi. — Pileus from the Jirst, hard, woody, juiceless, covered
rvith a thin somewhat lustrous crust, sometimes effused at base ;
pores not stratose ; perennial ; flatter than informer group, or
cjfnso-reflexed.
71. P. fraxineus, Fr. (p. 247). Epping Forest.
POLYPOREI. 291
72. p. variegatus, Seer. (p. 247).
73. P. carneus, Nees ; pileus flesh colour^ same colour
internally, etfuso-reflexed, woody, hard, thin, rugose, smooth,
zoneless ; pores minute, round, decurrent at base. — Nees
Nov. Act. Cur/OS. xliii. t. 3.
On old stump. Welshpool.
P. cervinvis, P. (p. 217) = Tramt'tes tnollis, Fr.
74. P. annosus, Fr. (p. 247) ; 3-18 in. Epping Forest.
75. P. populinus, Fr. ; h. in., pileus corky-woody, rigid,
zoneless, villous, same colour internally, margin obtuse ;
pores minute, short, round.
On trunks of poplars. Uffington, Lincolnshire.
(". IxoDERMEi. — Pileus arid,jirm icith a thin fibrous cuticle :
annual or biennial, not reviviny.
7. ^T\5VVOfii.— Pileus flocculose, then smooth or adjrressedfy
villous, uneven, zoneless, texture fibrous.
* Substance coloured.
76. P. radiatus, Fr. (p. 248) ; 1 in. Epping Forest.
77. P. polymorphus, Rostk. ; pileus umber, bay-brown -
pallid, resupiuate, effused, coriaceus, margin reflexed, crisped,
smooth; pores large, angular, torn, pallid. — Rostk. 4 /. 56.
On fir. Forres.
78. P. eryptai'um, Fr. ; pileus rufescent-ferruginous,
corky-cottony, effuso-reflexed, variable, zoneless, adpressedly
ssilky, paler internally ; pores very long, minute, rounds
paler than pileus. ^ — Pers. Myc. Eur. 2, t. 16, f. 3 ; Bu/I.
t. 478.
On firs. Frequent.
** Substance a-hite.
79. P. gcssypiniis, Ler. ; pileus coriaceus, effuso-re-
292 OUTLINES OK RIMTISII FUNCOLOOY.
flexed, theu pale, tomentose, zoueless, white witliiu aud
without ; pores at first labyrinthine, theu angular, pallid-
cinereous, dissepiments thin, slightly toothed.
On old stumps of Ulex. Sibbcrtoft.
80. P. fibula, Ft. (p. 218). Eppiiig Forest.
8. CoiiiACEl. — PiUus coriaceous, villous; banded vith concentric
zones, r/eneraUij of di^ffereut coloi(rs.
81. P. hirsutus, Fr. : pileus unicolorous, zoned with
concentric furrows, whitish, corky-coriaceous, conve.xo-
plane, shaggy with rigid hairs ; pores round, obtuse, whitish,
becoming somewhat fuscous.
On dead trunks. Near Twycross.
82. P. velutinus, Fr. (p. 218) ; 2 in.
83. P. versicolor, Fr. (p. 218) ; 2-3 in. Epping Forest.
84.. P. abietinus, Fr. (p. 219); 1-2 in.
85. P. Wynnei, B. and Br. (p. 219).
y. Resupixati. — Pileiis none; resiqnnate ; pores seated on the wood//
matrix or on a stratum of mycelium ; in a Icorizonlal position
the pores are vertical, in a vertical jjosition, oblique or fjajyintj.
* Pores fuscous or blackis/i.
No British species recorded.
* Pores ferrwjinous or cinnamon.
8G. P. umbrinus, T^r. ; rufous-umber, determinate, uii-
dulato-tubercular, defined by a smooth, paler margin ; pores
minute, somewhat round, unequal, same colour as pileus.
On trunks. Knowle Park.
87. P. ferruginosus, Fr. (p. 219) ; 1 in.
88. P. contiguus, Fr. (p. 249) ; 3 iu.
I'OLYPOKEI, 293
■** I\yres purple or violaceous.
89. P. violaceus, Fr. ; violaceous, eft'used, determinate,
thin, short, even, smooth, closely adnate, destitute of a dis-
tinct subiculum ; pores short, cellular or veined, entire. —
Rostk. 27, t. 3,
On fir poles and stumps. Frequent.
90. P. purpureus, Fr. (p. 250; 4-12 in.
*** Pores red.
91. P. inearnatus, Fr. (p. 250) ; 1 in.
92. P. rufus, Fr. , blood-red-rufous, effused, coriaceous,
thin, adnate even, smooth, determinate ; pores very small^
thin, acute.
On broom. Strachan, Kincardineshire.
93. P. rhodellus, Fr. ; white-flesh-colour, 2 in., thin, ad-
nate, soft, margin determinate, naked ; pores minute, some-
what round, continuous. — Fr. Icon. t. 189,/. 2 ; Bull. t. 442,
./".D.
In Scotch fir wood. Glamis.
94. P. micans, Fr. ; whitish flesh colour, effused, some-
what orbicular, confluent, fugacious, thin, adnate, soft, cir-
cumference flaxy, white ; pores very thin, resembling honey-
comb, angular, somewhat crenate.
On dead ash wood. Leigh Wood, Bristol. Altyre.
-:■;•:::-»* Pores i/elloicish.
95. p. nitidus, Fr. (p. 250).
96. P. Lsestadii, Fr. and B. ; yellow ; substance white,
hymenium here and there tubercular, forming confluent
patches ; pores bright lemon yellow.
Under side of deal board in hot house. Coed Coch.
97. P. bombicynus, Fr. !p. 250).
98. P. aneirinus, HommerJ (p. 252).
294 OUTLINES OF r.lMTlSII IL'NOOI.OOY.
99. P. ramentaceus, B. nnil lh\ : somewhat orbicular ;
subiculum white, tomeutose, margin obsolete ; pores honey-
colour, large, .'tt in. across, somewhat hexagonal, dissepi-
ments thin, slightly rigid, acute.
On Scotch fir, Glamis.
****** Pores white, ihen chaixjinij colour.
100. p. cinctus, B. (p. 250) .
101. P. armeniaeus, B. (p. 250).
102. P. Rennyi, B. and Br. ; subiculum thick, pulvinate,
pulverulent, forming a thick, at first somewhat frothy, then
pulverulent mass, white, lemon-colour when dry ; pores
sparingly produced, white, elongated, dissepiments thin.
On Scotch fir and on the ground. Hereford. Glamis.
103. P. subfusco-jaavidus, Rostk. ; white, then light
yellow-fuscous, broadly effused, confluent, thin, coriaceous,
arid, adnate, margin thin, white-flax}-, determinate ; pores
minute, irregular. — Rostk.27, f. 11.
On old planks. Roof of King's Cliffe Church.
104. P. viridans, B. : white, when dry pallid green,
effused, crustaceo-adnate, thin, margin pulverulento-tomen-
tose ; pores minute, angular, dissepiments thin.
On rotten wood. Rare.
105. P. terrestris, Fr. (p. 252).
106. P. subgelatinosus, B. and Br. : orbicular, forming
little pulvinate masses with an obtuse raised border, which
is at first tomentose and pallid, becoming black, of a some-
what gelatinous consistence ; pores pale, delicate grey, with
an acute edge, about ,'„ in. diameter.
On dead wood, parasitic on P. amorp/ii/s. Rannoch.
I'OLVPOIiEl. 29^
******* Pores 'persistently icltite, unequal, (dujidar, dose
to one another, commonly rather large.
107. P. medulla-panis, Fr. (p. 20!). Epping Forest.
108. P. mueidus, Fr. : white, then pale, eft'used, rather
thick, somewhat immersed, soft, the intermediate circumfer-
ence flaxy ; pores medium-sized, seated on the crust formed
of tie mycelium, unequal, torn.
On decayed fir. Penzance.
109. P. vitreiis (p. 251).
110. P. obduceiis, Pers. (p. 251).
111. P. callosiis, Fr. ; wholly white; widely effused,
e"'en, tough, entire, separable like soft leather ; pores seated
01 a thin skin, firm, round, equal, entire.
On dead wood ; annual. Glamis.
112. P. vulgaris, i^r. (p. 251). Epping Forest.
113. P. moUuseiis, Fr. (p. .2-51).
11 1. P. collabefactus, B and Br. ; stratum smooth, re-
Simbling a Corticium ; pores seeming to at first arise from
tie mere collapsing of the substance, short, margin obtuse.
On dead wood. Glamis.
****** Pores persistently ichite, unequal, angular, close
to one another, commonly rather large.
115. P. sanguinolentus, Fr. : whitish, bleeding when
touched, nodulose, soon confluent, effused, soft, flaxy cii-
cumference vanishing ; pores small, somewhat round, change-
able in form, unequal, at length torn.
On dead branches. LTncommou.
116. P. radula, Fr. ; white, eftused, made up of the naked
tomentose mycelium, closely compacted, soft, villous be-
neath; pores medium size, angular, toothed, pubescent when
young.
296 OUTLINES OV liltlTJSIl FUNGOLOGY.
()u fir. Strachan, Kincardineshire.
117. P. vaporarius, Fr. (p. 252). Epping Forest.
ror. secernibus, i?. nnd Br.; sinning white, honey-colour
when dry, separable.
On fir leaves, under moss.
118. P. G-ordoniensis, ]i. and Br.; persistently shining
white ; eflfused, superficial, membranaceous, very thin, separ-
able, margin shortly fringed ; pores minute, unequal, angular,
dissepiments very thin, fimbriato-toothed.
On fir poles. Aboyne. I
P. Stephensii, Fr. (p. :2o2) = Trainetes serpens.
119. P. Vaillantii, Fr. (p. 252).
120. P. farinellus, Fr. ; fugacious to the touch ; white;
widely effused, thin, mycelium naked, flocculoso -pulverulent
not woven ; pores thin, continuous, unequal, somewha
liexuous, intricate. ,
On beech. Aboyne.
121. P. hymenocystis, B. and Br. ; white, arachnoid
beneath and at margin ; pores large, the scarious dissepi-
ments collapsing, at length pallid.
On dead wood. Glamis. >
•:)?*****• Pqi-cs T'hite, snperficud, distant, puncti form. '
122. P. blepharistoma, B. and Br.; white, mycelium
arachnoid, somewhat mealy ; pores small, dissepiments thin,
margin ciliato-dentate.
On dead wood. Glamis.
123. P. corticola, iv'. ; efluscd, equal, firm, white, pallid ;
pores naked, superficial, punctiform, sometimes obsolete.
On a vine stem in greenhouse. Dunstable.
124. P. retieulatus, 7<r.; white; orbicular, thin, fugacious,
I'OLYPOEEI. 297
radiating like flax at the floccose margin ; pores distant, cup-
shaped. — Fr. Icon. t. 190,/. 3.
On rotten wood. Glamis. Forres.
t Species of uncertain affinity.
125, P. bathyporus, Rosik. : effused; white; stratose ;
circumference thin, flaxy ; stratum of second season fuscous-
ferruginous ; pores rather large, cyathiform, toothed. Rostk.
iv. /. 59.
On dead oak branches.
126. P. hybridus, 7i, and Br. ; white ; mycelium thick,
forming a dense membrane or creeping branched strings ;
hymenium breaking up into arese ; pores long, slender,
minute. — Sou-, t. 289, /, 387, /. 6. Outlines, Addenda,
p. xvii.
On oak in ships, etc. The " dry-rot '' of oak-built
vessels , perhaps, according to Fries, a monstrous form of
P. destructor.
Genus .25. TRAMETES (p. 252).
I. Apodes. — Stemless ; pileus dimidiate, sessile.
•^ Substance coloured.
1. T. pini, Fr. (p. 253).
*"* Substance ic/tite.
2. T. gibbosa, 7''/-. (p. 253). Epping Forest.
3. T. Bulliardi, Fr. ; pileus white, becoming fuscous
externally and internally, at length zoned ; corky ; becoming
plane, even, smooth ; pores somewhat round, deep, unequal,
pallid, then rufescent. — Bnll, olO.
On dead wood. Bathampton. Glamis. Fragrant.
298 OUTLINES OF lUMTisii Frxcor.oov.
4. T. suaveolens, Fr. (p. 25o) .
5. T. odora, Fr. (p. 253).
6. T. inodora, Fr. ; shining white ; pileus corky, firm,
becoming smooth, zoneless ; pores minute, round, entire, not
changing colour. — Fr. Icon. t. V.)\, fig. 7.
On old mossy beech stump. Stoke Poges. Scentless.
II. Resupinati. — I' ileus resupinate.
7. T. mollis, Fr. ; resupinatc, determinate, somewhat
membranaceous, pallid-wood-colour, at length fuscous, be-
coming black, umber at margin, which is at length revolute
and pubescent beneath; pores large, unequal, torn.=
Polyporus cervinus, p. 217.
On wood, especially beech. Epping Forest.
8. T. Terrei, B. and Br. ; 3 in., resupiuate, broad, some-
what orbicular, zoneless, pulvinatc ; substance corky and
and white; pores angular, here and there sinuate.
On beech. Stoke Poges.
9. T. serpens, Fr. = Po/!/poriis Stevensii, p. 2.")2.
Genus 26. D^DALEA (p. 2oi).
* Corky-iooodij, dimidiate, sessile.
1. D. quercina, P. (p. 254). Epping Forest.
2. D. aurea, F;'. ; 2 in.; golden; imbricated; pileus trian-
gular, corky coriaceous, gibbous, velvety, somewhat zoned,
margin swollen, unicolorous, internally light yellow, the
porous, narrowly sinuato-labyrinthine hymenium same
colour; veins for the most part radiating. — liatL t. 35,
/. F.
On dead oak. Hereford.
3. D. confragosa, P. (p. 251). I"]pping Forest.
POLYI'OREI. 299
4. D. cinerea, Fr. ; H-S in.; perennial; stratose ; pileus
cinereous^ corky-woody, thick, somewhat undulated, zoned,
tomentose ; pores minute, obtuse, entire, some round, others
very long, labyrinthiform, flexuous, intricate, white, or ciner-
eous.— Fr. Icon. 1. 182,/. 2.
On trunks. Penzance.
** Coriaceous, dimidiate, sessile.
5. D. unicolor, Fr. (p. 254). Epping Forest.
*** Eesujnnate.
6. D. latissima, Fr. (p. 54.).
7. D. vermieularis, P. ; 4-6 in., flesh-colour-refu;icent ;
broadly effused, thin, becoming even ; sinuses short, atten-
uated at both ends, flexuous, poriform at margin, adhering
to soil by root-like fibres. — Sow. t. 424.
On the ground.
t Of uncertain affinity.
8. D. ferruginea, Schiim. ; imbricato-connate ; pileus
light-yellow-ferruginous, white-villous when young and at
margin ; internally flesh-colour, coriaceous, efl'uso-reflexed,
zored; hymenium porous, narrowly labyrinthiform, wavy.
— Fl. Dan. t. 2029.
On dead wood. Strachan, Kincardineshire.
Genus 27. HEXAGONIA. Poll. PI. nov. (p. 35).
Hymenophore descending and foi-ming a trama of same colour
and similar with pileus ; pores from the first dilated into
hexagonal, regular, woody-hard alveoli, the dividing walls
firm, never torn ; dimidiate ; sessile ; growing on wood ;
corky-woody ; persistent ; not forming strata.
No British examples recorded.
300 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY.
Genus 28. FAVOLUS. Fr.
Hymenium reticulato-cellular or alveolate ; alveoli ladiating,
formed of the densely anastomosing gills ; elongated, dimi-
diate, soinewliat stipitate ; fleshy, pliant ; annual ; growing
on wood ; spoi-es white.
No Britisli examples recorded.
Gknus 2U. MERULIUS (p. 254).
I. Leptospohi. — Ilymeniuni naked, or obsoletehj pruinose.
•■•" Piletis effuso-reflexed, circumference determinate.
1. M. tremellosus, Schrad. (p. 255). Eppiag Forest.
2. M. aiirantiacus, Klotsch. (p. 256); 1 in.
3. M. cerium, Fr. (p. 255) ; 2-3 in. Eppiug Foi'est.
^* Jlesvj)iitaiv-e^(j'iised,JJ<.ixt/-inem.hranaceoris, separating, flaxy
beneath andj at circumference.
4. M. laeticolor, B. and Br. ; bright orange ; effused,
adnata ; margin tomentose^ white ; hymeuium even, then
plicato- rugose ; folds distant.
On sawdust and leaves. King's Lynn.
5. M. himantioides, Fr. ; lilac ; effused, silky, very soft,
fiibrous-silky beneath, circumference flaxy ; folds porous,
then gyrose, dingy yellow, then somewhat olivaceous. — Fr.
Icon, t. 193,/ 1 ; Pars. Myc. Em: t. 14,/. 3.
On fir wood and club mosses. Hare.
6. M. molluscus, Fr. (p. 255).
■*** Crustoso-adiiate, ciroi inference somewhat flaxy .
7. M. porinoides, Fr. (p. 255).
«. M. rufus, P. (p. 255).
9. M. serpens, Tode (p. 255).
POLYPOREI. 301
10. M. pallens, B. (p. 255).
11. M. Carmichaelianus, B. (p. 256).
II. CoNioPHORA. — Ilymeniuiii jyulveruleni vjith the ferruginous
12. M. lacrymans, Fr. (p. 25G).
Var. pulverulentus, Fr. ; very broac", membranaceous,
becoming even, zoned, arid, spider-web-velvety beneath,
gradually decaying from centre to circumference ; folds
marginal, somewhat reticulated, tawny.
Strachan, Kincardineshire.
Genus 30. POROTHELIUM (p. 2oG).
1. P. Priesii, Mont. (p. 257).
2. P. Stevensoni, B. and Br. ; substance rather thick,
gelatinous, margin rather coarsely hispid, at length more
or less denuded ; warts of hymenium distinct, interstices
very smooth, bearing at the apex a limpid, diaphanous
yellow globule.
On old pine rail. Glamis.
3. P. Keithii, B. and Br. ; narrowly adnate, slightly
umber; circumference very thin, at first somewhat gelati-
nous ; warts short, at length collapsed, gelatinous in
centre.
On dead fir. Sanquhar. Dunphail. Glamis.
4. P. confusum, B. and Br. ; narrowly adnate, pallid,
margin very thin, arachnoid, substance at first floccoso-
pulverulent ; warts very small.
On fir sticks. Glentanner. Leigh Wood. Glamis.
Pitoulish, Inverness-shire.
302 OUTLINES OK liltlTISH FUNGOLOGV.
Gexus 31. SOLENIA.
Keceptacle none ; tubes membranaceous, somewhat cylindrical,
turbinate, distinct and free from one another ; definitely
facing the ground ; mouth narrowed, in which respect they
.liiier from CypbelUe. Hoff. D. Fl. II. t. 8/. 2.
1 . S. ochracea, Hoffiii. ; ochraceous, m bite internally ;
scattered ; clavato-cylindrical ; toraentose.
On dead wood. Uncommon.
Order 3. HYDNEI (p. 257).
Genus 32. HYDNUM L. (p. 257).
I. Mesopus. — Entire, simple with a central stem; all terrestrial,
chiefly groiving in pine tvoods.
f Cahnosa. — Pileits fleshy, some wh at fragile.
* Spines changing coloicr ; 2}ileus scaly or tomentose.
1. H. imbricatum, L. (p. 257); 4 in.
2. H. squamosum, Schceff. ; pileus rufous-fuscous, fleshy,
irregular, depressed, smooth, breaking up into irregular
scales ; flesh rigid, w^liitisli ; stem short, attenuated down-
wards, white ; spines grey-fuscous, whitish at ape.\. —
>SV-A«//. /. 273.
On the ground.
3. H. scabrosum, Fr. ; l in., pileus umber-ferruginous,
compactly-fleshy, at flrst turbinate, then plane above, very
convex beneath, tomentose, then rough with flocci which
are fasciculate in the form of minute crowded squamules,
slightly repand at margin ; flesh very thick, white, descend-
ing into stem ; stem very short and thick, round or com-
pressed, dotted with rudiments of spines decurrent on it,
HYDXEI. 303
cinereous, attenuated downwards, rounded and blackish at
base ; spines equal, awl-shaped, fuscous-ferruginous, whitish
at apex, at first grey -fuscous. — Schaff. t. 271.
In pine wood. Forres.
■-•■■* Spines chamjing colour, ptleits even, smooth.
4. H. Isevigatum, Sw. ; 4—6 in., pileus umber, fleshy,
compact, firm, regular, plane, very smooth, margin circi-
nate, not repand; flesh whitish, compact, not fibrous, soft
when fresh, pliant when dry ; stem short, thick, even,
pallid-fuscous ; spines thin, same colour. — Sv. citl. Sv. t. 81.
In pine woods. Rannoch.
5. H. fragile, Fr. ; large, 1:2 in. ; pileus pallid, then
cinereous, or brick-rufescent, somewhat zoned towards
margin, fleshy, fragile, unequal, surface pubescent then
smooth, even, but here and there minutely squamulose and
slightly wrinkled, margin undulated and lobed ; flesh grey,
somewhat zoned; stem stout, unequal, smooth, cinereous;
spines scarcely decurrent, very much elongated, slender,
fragile, whitish then grey. — Sc. ntl. Sv. t. 89 ; Ber(/. Pyr.
/. 16 ; Paul t. 34.
In pine woods among heath. Hare.
"•■'•■■* Spines unchangeable, unicolourous, whitish.
G. H. repandum, L. (p. 258) ; Epping Forest.
Var. rufescens, P. ; 2-3 in., pileus thin, somewhat regu-
lar, pubescent; stem thin, unequal; spines regular. —
Bolt. 89.
tt LiGXoSA. — Pileas corky or coriaceous, tough.
* Spines changing colour, and as icell as the spores, somewhat
Juscous.
7. H. compactum, Fr. 'p. 258) ; 1-6 in.
304 OUTLINES OF lUlITISIl l'L'X(;()LO( ;V.
8. H. aurantiacum, All), and >Sc/ttr. ; 1-5 in., pileus
orange, corky, compact, turbinato-dilatcd, with small ele-
vations, zoneless, often covered with whitish down, zoned
internally ; stem thick, orange, Avhitish, becoming fuscous.
— Fl. Dan. t. 1439 ; Batsch. ./'. \in.
In pine woods. Grantown.
9. H. ferrugineum, Fr. : 1-i in., pileus obconic, then
flattened, sometimes depressed, spongy-corky, soft, at first
covered with whitish down which exudes blood-red drops
in the depressions, then more even, internally ferruginous ;
spines awl-shaped, equal, fuscous-ferruginous. — F)-. Iron.
t.4; Kromb. t. 50,/. 10, 11 ; Bnll. t. 409.
In fir wood. Rothiemurchus.
** Spines cItaiKjtng colour and as veil as the spores, ferriiijinons.
10. H. scrobiculatum, Fr. ; 1-2 in., ferruginous ; pileus
corky-coriaceous, clavatc, then piano- iufundibuliform^
pubescent, disc slightly pitted, scaly, zoned within ; stem
equal, smooth, often rooted ; spines short, slightly decur-
rent, thin, fragile, same colour as pileus, at length fuscous.
— Fy. Icon. t. 5, /. 1 ; Mich. Gen. t. 72, f. 7 ; Bull. t. 156.
In fir woods. Minstead, Lyndhurst. Rothiemurchus, etc.
11. H. zonatum, Batsch. (p. 258) ; 1-2 in. Epping
Forest.
*** Spines uachanyeahle ; spores irhitish.
12. H. nigrum, Fr. ; csespitosc ; pileus azure-blue-black,
zoneless, margin white, corky- rigid, club-shaped when
young, turbinate, flattened then piano-depressed, tuber-
cular, tomentose, blue-black internally ; stem stout, often
rooting, unequal, blue-black, tomentose at base, internally
same colour; spines awl-shaped, thin, rather short, white. -
Fr. Icon. t. o,f. 2; Batsch. f. 22."..
HYDNEI. 305
In pine woods. Street, Somerset.
13. H. graveolens, Delast. ; (p. 258) ; 1 iu,
14. H. melaleucum, Fr. ; pileus black ; coriaceous, thin,
rigid, irregular, striate, with little elevations at disc,
margin white ; stem slender, smooth, black ; spines white. —
Schceff. t. 272.
In fir woods. Ascot. Forres.
15. H. cyathiforme, Schcpff. ; small ; pileus pale cine-
reous ; margin white, coriaceous, thin, plano-infundibuliform,
zoned, disc somewhat tomentose; stem slender, smooth,
pale cinereous ; spines white.
On fir wood. Ascot.
II. Pleuropus. — Someivhat dimidiate ; stem lateral.
16. H. auriscalpium, L. (p. 258) ; ^-f in.
III. Merisma. — Vert/ much branched, or tubercidiforhi and
immavginute.
* Very much branched.
17. H. eoralloides, Scop. (p. 259).
** Simjjle ; tuhercidiform : inimarginate.
18. H. erinaceum, Bull. (p. 259); 8 in. Epping Forest.
19. H. caput-Medusse, Bull. (p. 259).
IV, Apus. — Stemless ; pileus sessile, dimidiate, margiuute :
often effuso-rejlexed.
* Pileus fleshy, soft.
20. H. cirrhatum, P. ; pileus pallid, fleshy, expanded,
fibrilloso-curled above with scattered decumbent abortive
spines ; margin fimbriate, incurved ; spines long, slightly
u
i306 OUTLINES OF F.lilTISH FUXGOLOGY.
tough, equal. — Sr. (if/. Sr. t. 71, /. 1; F1. Dan. t. 1789,
/2.
On a beech tree. Epping Forest.
21. H. diversidens, Fr. ; 2 in., pileus white, fleshy,
thick, substipitate, irregular, densely beset above with
erect, variously shaped, incised teeth, clothed at margin
with club-shaped spines and beneath with entire awl-shaped
regular spines. — Sv. citl. Sv. t. 71, /, 2 ; Kromb. t. 51, /. 8-12.
On beech and hornbeam. Guildford. Epping Forest.
** Ccespitose ; pilei imbricated ; cominonhj pliant, tough.
No British species recorded.
*** Siriqjle ; piltus coriaceous or corky.
22. H. ochraceum, P. (p. 259) ; 1-3 in.
**** J'ileus ineiiihranaceous.
No British species recorded.
V. Resupinati. — Pileus none; resupinate ; with straic/ht or
oblique spines.
* Spines fuscous, ferruginous.
23. H. squalinum, Fr. (p. 259).
24. H. fusco-atrum, Fr. ; subiculura crustaceous, thin,
at first glaucous, flocculoso-pruinose, then smooth, ferrugi-
nous-brown ; spines short, couically subulate, acute, fawn-
colour, then blackish.
On rotten wood.
25. H. membranaeeum, Bull. (p. 2(50).
26. H. Weinmanni, Fr. (p. 260).
27. H. crinale, F/-. ; subiculum umber ; effused, villoso-
HYDXEl. 307
interwoven, thin ; spines long like hairs, crowded, equal,
very slender, umber. — Per. Myc. Eur. t. 17, f. 13.
On dead wood. Rare. Essex. = H. fusciim, P. p. 260.
28. H. ferruginosum, Fr. (p. 260) ; 2-3 in. Epping
Forest.
21>. H. varicolor, Fr. (p. 260).
** Spines yelloioish, green.
30. H. auretim, Fr. ; subiculum golden ; determinate,
somewhat cartilaginous, continuous, smooth, radiate in the
form of teeth at circumference ; spines awl-shaped, equal,
same colour as subiculum.
On dead branches. Penzance.
31. H. dentieulatum, P.; light yellow-ochraceous, shin-
ing, longitudinally effused, somewhat fleshy, subiculum thin,
smooth, somewhat mealy ; spines crowded, equal, slightly
toothed at margin.
On rotten wood. Penzance.
32. H. alutaceum, Fr. (p. 260) ; 3-5 in.
33. H. sordidum, Weinm. ; dingy yellowish ; broadly
effused, thin, easily separating, mucid, at circumference
gyroso-porous, sulphur-yellow ; spines very crowded, com-
pressed, incised, rather acute.
On dead wood. Stoke Poges.
34. H. limonicolor, B. and Br. ; adnate, bright lemon-
yellow; spines crowded, acute, short; mycelium shining-
white, scanty or obsolete.
On stone buried among pine leaves. Glamis.
35. H. spathulatum, Fr. (p. 261).
36. H. multiforme, B. and Br. ; ochrey-white, at first
even, resembling a Corticiuni, at length here and there fer-
308 OUTLINES OF lilllTISIl FUNGOLOOY.
tile ; spiues very acute, crowded, then pallid and fimbriate ;
texture floccose-mealy.
On dead wood. Glamis.
37. H. anomalum, B. and lir. : pallid light yellow ;
stratum thin, gelatinous ; teeth in i'orm of granules ; then
stipitate and obtusely divided upwards. — li. and Br. 1438 ;
Icon.
Inside a very rotten ash tree. Langridge, Somersetshire.
38. H. melleum, B. and Br. ; honey-colour ; effused, thin,
margin delicately tlaxy ; subiculum and teeth acute and
sometimes divided at apex, pulverulent downwards, naked
at middle.
On broken rails on the ground. Coed Coch.
39. H. sepultum, B. and Br. ; wholly resupinate ; golden;
margin white ; spines acute, medium-sized.
On stones buried among i)ine leaves. Glamis.
**■■■■■ Spines flesh-colour, lUac, rufescant.
40. H. udum, Fr. (p. .261).
41. H. bicolor, A. and -S. ; 8 in., subicidum white ;
widely effused, tomentose, adpressed, thin ; spines minute,
whitc-villous, naked at apex, acute, rufous-date-brown.
On bramble. Batheaston.
**■* Spines ic/iite, or liylit jellotrisli when old.
42, H. nodulosum, Fr. ; whitish ; broadly effused, crus-
taceous, closely adnate, smooth, even, nodulose ; spines very
long, on the even part depressed and adnate to the wood,
on the lower side of nodules free and pendulous. — Pcrs. Myc.
Eur. 2, t.2, 22, j: 1.
On fir stumps. Glamis.
43. H. Stevensoni, B. anil Jir. ; white ; effused, mealy
HVDXEI. 300
beneath, here find there flaxy ; spines cylindrical, obtnse or
truncate, sometimes compressed, pulverulent at apex.
On dead wood. Glamis.
44. H. niveum, P. (p. .261)).
45. H. farinaeeum, P. (p. 261).
46. H. argutum,F/-..- white ; subiculum effused in scattered
patches, tomentoso-iuterwoven, adnate ; spines acute, awl-
shaped, unequal, under a lens serrated or slightly toothed at
sides. Roth. Ust. Ann. i, t.lf.5 ?.
On wood and bark. Bodelwyddan. Twycross.
47. H. stipatum, Fr. ; whitish, isabelline or light
yellowish ; subiculum very widely effused, flocculoso-
furfuraceous, forming an adnate crust ; spines crowded in
the form of granules, rather obtuse and slightly toothed.
On rotten wood. Carlisle.
48. H. plumosiim, Dulnj. (p. 261).
Genus 33. HERICIUM, P.
Pleshy, club-shaped, in place (jf a pileus divided at apex into
.spines, which are extended u])\\ar<ls, not inferior and facing
the ground.
No British species recorded.
Genus 34. TREMELLODON, P.
(jtelatinous, pileate, aculeate below ; sjtines awl-shaped, equal.
1. T. gelatinosum, 7-'er.v. = Hydnum gelatinosum, Scop.
(p. 259).
Genus 35. SISTOTREMA, P. (p. 261).
1. S. confiuens, P. (p. 262 j. Epping Forest.
310 (JUTLIXES OF HRITISFr FUXGOLOOY.
(Ienus 36. IRPEX. Fr. (p. 262).
* Stipitatc.
No British species recorded.
*••■ Pendulous, loith pileus extended behind.
1. I. pendulus, Fr. (p. 262).
■•■•■•■■■•■■ Sessile or pj}'i(so-r<'jlexe<l, niarginafe.
2. I. fusco-violaceus. Fr. ; 2 in., pileus white inclining
to hoary ; effuso-reflexed, coriaceous, silky, zoned ; teeth in
rows in the form of plates, fusco-violaceous, incised at apex.
—KL Bor. t. 536 ; Willd. Bot. May. iv. /. 2 /. 5.
On pine trunks. Rare. Leigh Woods.
■••*** licsi'jjijiate.
3. I. Johnstoni, B. (p. 262).
4. I. spathulatus, Fr. ; shining white ; eft'ased, membra-
naceous, flaxy, then smooth ; teeth spathulate, equal, entire,
reticulato-connected with obsolete veins. — Schrad. Spic. t. 4,
/• 3.
On larch. Wallington, Northumberland.
5. I, obliquus, Fr. (p. 262).
6. I. deformis, Fr. : white ; etlVised, crustaceous, thin,
circumference pubescent, somewhat tiaxy ; teeth extended
in awl-shape from a minutely porous base, thin, somewhat
digitato-inciscd.
On wood. Strachan, Kincardineshire.
7. I. carneus, Fr. ; 1-3 in. ; reddish ; effused, cartilagi-
nous-gelatinous, membranaceous, adnate; teeth obtuse and
awl-shaped, entire, united at base.
On wood. Penzance.
HYDNEI, 311
Genus 37. RADULUM, Fr. (p. 263).
* Denuded ; very variable.
1. R. orbiculare, Fr. (p. 263) ; 2-3 in.
2. R. quercinum, Fr. (p. 26:]) ■ o_3 in. Epping Forest.
3. R. tomentosum, Fr. ; white, inclining to pale ; effused,
innate, rather thick, circumference swollen, erect, tomen-
tose ; tubercles short, crowded, angular, obtuse, smooth,
confluent.
On Pijrus aucuparia. Menmuir, Forfarshire. New Pit-
sligo, Aberdeenshire.
4. R. deglubens, B. and Br. ; ^ in. ; orbicular, ferru-
ginous, somewhat diaphanous ; tubercles erect, somewhat
cylindrical, irregular, scattered ; interstices even, pulverulent
with the white spores.
On ash. Sanquhar, :Morayshire. New Pitsligo, Aber-
deenshire.
5. "R. covQllinu^, B. and Br. ; 3 in.; white; effused,
subiculum shining, very thin, pelliculose ; tubercles fasci-
culate, :^in. across, divided downwards, obtuse, coralloid.
On oak branches partially covered with lichens. Glamis,
6. R. epileucum, B. and Br. ; effused for several inches ;
ochrey-white ; resupinate ; subiculum white, covered by a
waxy stratum ; tubercles scattered, cylindrical, under a lens
li mbriated at apex ; deciduous.
On decorticated wood. Glamis.
** Innate, removing the hark.
7. R. fagineum, Fr. ; white, becoming pale ; innate,
smooth, tubercles elongated, round, various, obtuse, entire.
On dead beech. Epping Forest.
8. R. aterrinum, Fr. ; black ; innate ; strigose ; tubercles
812 OUTLINES OF r.RITISH FUNGOLOGY.
elongated, distant, large, irregularly shaped, somewhat com-
pressed, black.
On branches. Kensington Gardens,
Genus 38. PHLEBIA, Fr. (p. 2G3).
1. P. merismoides, Fr. (p. 263) ; 2-3 in.
2. P. radiata, Fr. (p. 263) ; 1-3 in.
3. P. contorta, Fr. (p. 264).
4. P. vaga, Fr. (p. 264) ; 2 in.
5. P. lirellosa. P. ; umber-grey ; resupinate, free at mar-
gin; sinuses very small, linear, intermixed with spores. —
Pers. Mi/c. Eur. iii. p. 2, i. 1 7, f. 2, 3.
Genus 39. GRANDINIA, Fr. (p. 264).
1. G. granulosa, Fr. (p. 26 i). Epping Forest.
2. G. mucida, Fr. ; pale yellowish; waxy-mucid, effused,
somewhat innate, circumference determinate, somewhat
radiate ; hymenium continuous ; granules crowded, large,
unequal, hemispherical, soft.
On rotting pine. Glamis.
3. G. ocellata, Fr. ; livid; waxy, broadly effused, aggluti-
nated, indeterminate circumference sterile ; hymenium un-
equal, continuous; granules crowded, somewhat conical,
obtuse, equal, same colour.
On dead trunks. Bodelwyddan. Coed Coch.
4. G. papillosa, Fr. ; white, yellowish beneath ; membra-
naceous, somewhat round, separating when entire, smooth
beneath, circumference furfuraceous ; hymenium much
cracked ; granules minute, crowded, somewhat spherical,
equal.
On sticks. Rare.
HYDXEI. 313
5. G, crustosa, Fr. ; -white; fioccoso-mealy, irregularly
eifused, crustaceous, adnate ; granules somewhat rouud^
crowded, obtuse, same colour at apex.
On Pohjporus versicolor. Dun.
Gexus 40. ODONTIA, Fr. (p. 264).
J. O. barba-Jovis, Fr. : 12 in.; white, then yellowish;
rtaxy membranaceous, eflPused, equal; warts at first papil-
lose then conical, with an orange fringe at apex.
On decayed wood. Epping Forest.
2. O. fimbriata, Pers. (p. 264).
Gexus 41. KNEIFFIA, Fr. (p. 265).
1. K. setigera, Fr.
2. K. subgelatinosa, B. and Br. ; yellowish, then cream-
colour; thin; granules minute, somewhat gelatinous, fringed
at apex.
On stumps of fir. Glamis.
Genus 42. MUCRONELLA, Fr.
Receptacle none ; spines awl-shaped, simple, acute,
smooth, definitely facing the ground ; small ; growing on
wood.
No British species recorded.
314 OUTLINES Ot' UUITISJI FUNGOLOGY.
Ordku L THELEPHOREI, Fr.
= AURWULARINI {^.20:^).
Hymcnium inferior or amphi^enous, coriaceous or
Avaxy, even, rarely ribbed or papillose ; sporophores four-
s pored.
Gexus 43. CRATERELIiUS, Fr. (p. 2G5).
* Tuho'Jorm ; pervious to base of stem.
1. C. lutescens, Fr. (p. 265) ; 1-4 in.
2. C. cornucopioides, P. (p. 260). Epping Forest.
** InfundihiiUform ; stem stuffed.
3. C. sinuosus, Fr. (p. 266) ; 1 in.
4. C. crispus, Fr. (p. 266). Epping Forest.
*** Irregular ; ^nlens and stemffeshy.
5. C. clavatus, Fr. ; 2 in., pileus somewhat light-yel-
lowish, fleshy, turbinate, truncate or depressed, flexuose,
unpolished, attenuated into the solid stem ; flesh thick,
white; hymenium even, then corrugated, purplish, then
changing colour.
There are four colour-forms, one umber, one date-
brown, one purplish, and the other flesh colour. — Schcejf.
t. 164 and t. 276 ; Schmid. Ic. 2, t. 60 ; IVuIf. in Jacq.
Coll. ii. t. 12, /. 3.
In beech woods. Bisham, Berks.
Genus 44. THELEPHORA, Fr. (p. 266).
* Erect ; pileus entire or hranched.
1. T. Sowerbii, li. and Br. (p. 266).
2. T. multizonata, B. and Br. ; pileus bright rufous;-
THELEPHOREI. 315-
flesh colour above ; many-zoned^ multiplex, infundibuli-
form, formed from various confluent lobes and stems,
margin lobed and creuulate ; hymenium slightly ribbed,
smooth, paler.
On the ground. Hare. Epping Forest.
3. T. undulata, Fr. ; \-\ in., pallid ; coriaceo-membra-
naceous, depressed, even, slightly smooth, margin entire,
undulated ; stem short, villous ; hymenium ribbed, slightly
bristly.
On the ground. Coed Coch.
4. T. earyophyllea, P. (p. 267).
5. T. tuberosa, Pers. (p. 267).
6. T. anthocephala, Ft. (p. 267). Epping Forest.
7. T. elavularis, Fr. ; rufous-fuscous ; coriaceous, soft,
irregularly branched, branches round, attenuated, even,
smooth, delicately pruinose ; apices acute, pubescent ;
stem whitish ; somewhat tuberous.
On the ground. Epping Forest. Wallington, Northum-
berland.
8. T. palmata, Fr. (p. 267) ; l-2in. Epping Forest.
** Pileate : dimidiate; horizontal: someirhat sessile or
efuso-rejlexed.
9. T. intybacea, P. ; cffispitose ; whitish rufous-ferru-
ginous, then fuliginous ; soft ; stems somewhat lateral,
growing into each other ; pileoli imbricated, fibrous, dilated
at margin, at first white-fringed, then entire, same colour >
hymenium inferior, papillose, somewhat floccose. — Bull, t^
483, /. 6, 7, t. 278.
On the ground in Scotch fir wood. Glamis.
10. T. terrestris, Ehrb. (p. 267) ; 1-3 in.
11. T. laciniata, Pers. (p. 268). Epping Forest.
516 OUTLINES OF HIIITISII FUXGOLOGV.
12. T. biennis, F/-. (p. 268) .
13. T. mollissima, Pcrs. (p. 268).
*** liesirpiaaie : for the most part Incrustiiuj ; forms varions.
11. T. cristata, Fr. (p. 268). Epping Forest.
15. T. fastidiosa, Fr. (p. 268).
16. T. sebacea, P. (Fo/. /., p. xvii.) ; M'hitish ; effused,
ileshy-waxy, becoming hard, changeable in form by encrust-
ing, tubular or resembling stalactite, circumference similar ;
hymeniura collapsing, flocculoso-pruinose,
17. T. Crustacea, Schiun. ; fuscous-umber; broadly
effused, somewhat fleshy, undulated and tubercular, circum-
ference similar, white-floccose ; hymenium papillose,
slightly bristly.— F/. Dan. t. 1851,./'. 2.
On the ground. Burnham. J*]pping Forest.
18. T. cffisia, P. (p. 268).
T. byssoides, P. (p. 269) ; v
T. puteana, Schum. (p. 269) ;
T. laxa, Fr. (p. 269) ;
T. arida, Fr. (p. 269) ;
T. olivacea, Fr. (p. 2()9) ;
T. anthochroa (p. 270) ;
Genus 15. CLADODERRIS, P.
Coriaceous ; hymenium woody, radiated on branched
ribs, persistent, at length roughened with warts.
1. C. minima, B. and Br. : | in. , white ; flabelliform, spriug-
ing from a stem-like or obsolete base ; resupinate ; pileus
tomentose ; hymeuium radiated on branched ribs.
On birch. Glamis.
The original examples at Kew look like dwarf specimens
of Steremn hlrsutnm. — AV. G. S.
Transferred to Corticiuoi.
TliELEPHOKEI, olT"
Gexus 46. STEREUM.
J. Merisma. — Pilei renj numerous, (fscending, ivih'icated
in a free tuft.
No British examples recorderl.
II. Apus. — Pileus sessile, at first resupinate, then commonly
pileato-reflexed, or adnate hehind ; coriaceous ; raarginate.
* Hjimeniuiii smooth.
1. S. ochroleueum, Fr. ; pileus horny^ coriaceous-
membranaceous, free, expanded, flaccid, silky, zoned ;
liymenium even, smooth, yellowish, or grey.
On wood. Glamis,
2. S. purpureum, P. (p. 270). Epping Forest.
3. S. vortieosum, Fr. ; pileus pallid, margin same colour ;
coriaceous, eftuso-reflexed, obscurely zoned, strigoso- hirsute ;
hymenium somewhat ribbed, smooth, purplish.
On beech. jMenmuir, Forfarshire.
4. S. hirsutum, Fr. (p. .270). Epping Forest.
5. S. spadiceum, Fr. (p. 270). Epping Forest.
G. S. sanguinolentum, Fr. (p. 271). Epping Forest.
*-:;:- Ili^p^ieniniH simple, slightl// bristl// or velvet//.
7, S. rubiginosujn, Fr.,=Hymenoch(Bte rubiginosa Lev.
(p. 271).
Epping Forest.
8, S. tabacinum, Fr., = Hninenochdite lahacina Lev.
(p. 271).
Epping Forest.
9, S. rufo-hispidum, /S/ef. ; pallid fawn-colour; ligid,
margin obtuse, raised, hispid with rufous bristles.
Duukeld .
■318 OITLINES OF BIUTISH FUNGOLOGY.
10. S. avellanum, Fr. ; coriaceous, hard ; pileiis dingy,
eft'used, and as well as the obtuse, free, narrowly reflexed,
date-brown margin, villous ; hymenium even, velvety, then
pruinate and becoming smooth, pale ferruginous, here and
there bleeding.
*** Wondy : ppj-pnnhd : scarcely reflexed, hit marjlnate; hTjmenium
stratose hy confluent pilei, at flrst 2Jruinose.
11. S. frustulosum, Fr. ; date-brown blackish ; woody,
resupinate, tubercular, crowded, as if confluent, then broken
in fragments, smooth beneath and at the obsoletely margi-
nate circumference ; hymenium convex, cinnamon, then
pale, pruinose.
On hard oak wood. South of England.
•**"** lUyid ; smifple hymenium jJruinose.
12. S. rugosum, Fr. (p. 271). Epping Forest.
13. S. pini, Fr. ; pallid ; coriaceo-cartilaginous, resupi-
nate, adnate in shield-form, somewhat marginate, smooth
beneath, at length buUate ; hymenium purplish-flesh-colour,
becoming fuscous, pruinose.
On bark of Scotch fir. Glamis.
14. S. rufum, Fr. ; rufous, then fuscous ; coriaceo-cartila-
o-inous, erumpent, tubcrculiform, then somewhat round,
marginate, smooth beneath ; hymenium grey pruinose, at
length buUate-tubercular.
On dead pine and ash. (Jlamis.
TIIELEPHOREI. 319
III. Resupinata. — Crustaceo-adnate, intermediate, vjithout a distinct
pileus, at length admitting of being detached like a 2)iece of
leather ; circumference notflaxij; incrusting wood.
* True species ; coriaxieous.
15. S. stratosum, B. and Br. ; eft'used; bright ochraceous-
white, smooth, becoming yellow ; here and there wrinkled,
stratose, the strata at length breaking up.
Penzance.
** Imperfect ; crustuceo-adnate ; sterile.
16. S. acerinum, Fr. (p. 271).
Genus 47. AURICULARIA.
1. A. mesenterica, BiiH. (p. 27.2); 2—3 in. Epping
Forest.
2. A. lobata, Somm. (p. 272) ; 7 in.
Genus 18. CORTICIUM (p. 272).
I. LoMANTiA. — Resitpinate, hut free at circumference, determinate,
marginate, commmily cup-shaped, then expanded.
1. C. evolvens, Fr. : resupinate, marginate or etfuso-
reflexed, soft, flocculose with whitish down beneath, zone-
less ; hymenium naked, smooth, somewhat wrinkled, fuscous,
becoming paler; divided in cracks when dry.
On dead wood, especially cherry.
2. C. salicinum, Fr. ; white villous externally, coriaceous,
soft, rigid when dry, persistently cup-shaped, adfixed at
centre ; hymenium rather even, naked, persistently blood-
red; continuous when dry.
On Sialix aurata. Kinrara, Morayshire.
3. C. amorphum, Fr. ; J in.; white-toraentose exter-
nally ; waxy pliant, somewhat coriaceous, cup-shaped, then
o20 OUTLINES OF lUtlTISII FL'.NMIOI.OCV.
flattened, confluent, raarginate ; hymeuiuin even, continuous,,
pale.
On silver fir. Perth, Dunkckl.
II. HiMAXTi.E. — Resujj'nmte, effused, hnmarginate, clothed witli
flaxy fibrils or strigosely hairy at circumference and beneath :
often sterile ; mycelium fibrillose ; hymenium vxvxy-soft.
* Mycelium and circumference white.
4. C. giganteum, Fr. (p. 27.2).
5. C. lacteum, Fr. (p. 273).
6. C. porosum, Fr. ; B. and Curt. ; resupinate ; white ;
here and there porous, margin free, reflexed.
On wood, Aboyne.
7. C. arachnoideum, B. (p. 273).
8. C. fcBtidum, B. and Br. ; effused, resupinate, arach-
noid beneath ; white, then ochraeeous and smooth.
On sawdust. Coed Coch.
9. C. Iseve, P. (p. 273). Epping- Forest.
10. C. roseum, P. (p. 273).
** Mycelium and circumference coloured.
11. C. velutinum, Fr. (p. 273),
12. C. subdealbatum, B. and Br. ; shining white ;
effused ; hymenium pallid fawn-colour with the bristles.
On fir. Badmington.
13. C. laetescens, Berk. (p. 274).
14. C. sanguineum, Fr. (p. 273) .
15. C. sulphureum, Fr. (p. 274).
16. C. cinnamomeum, Fr. ; cinnamon; effused, irregular,
confluent, adpressed, fibrilloso-strigose beneath and at cir-
cumference ; hymenium licshy, soft, sraootli, naked, same
colour ; cracked when dry.
On birch log. Glamis.
THELEPHOREI. 321
17. C. cseruleum, Fr. (p. 274).
18. C. atro-virens, Fr. (p. 274).
III. Leiostroma. — Agglutinated icithout a strigose or Jihrillose
circimiference ; miyceliuin jiassing at once into hymenium which
is agglutinated to the substratum; hymeniuin thicker, VMxy-
soft, fertile ; or thinner and sterile.
* Waxy, when fertile facing the grou,nd, uniform, riniose when
dry.
19. C. calceum, Fr. (p. 274).
20. C. puberum, Fr. ; white or clay-colour ; broadly
effused, waxy, closely adnate, indeterminate ; hymenium
even, velvety with short bristles, cracked when dry.
On dead wood. Aboyne. Forres. Glamis.
21. C. scutellare, B. and Curt. ; whitish, then slightly
tan-colour ; resupinate, effused, immarginate ; hymenium
broken up into minute areolae.
On Ulex. Strachan, Kincardineshire. Glamis.
22. C. lividum, Pers. (p. 275).
23. C. ocliraceum, Fr. (p. 275).
*• Amphigenous ; becoming rigid, circumference very thhUy
floccose and radiating, soon naked.
24. C. quercinum, Fr. (p. 275). Epping Forest.
25. C. cinereum, j^r. (p. 275).
26. C. incarnatum, Fr. (p. 275). Epping Forest.
27. C. nudum, Fr. (p. 276).
Var. eitrinum, P. ; hymenium papillose ; colour bright
light yellow.
On dead wood. INIoncreiffe.
28. C. confluens, Fr. (p. 276).
322 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY.
*** Amphigenotis ; at first hardened, someiohat grumous,
circumference naked.
29. C. polygonium, Pers. (p. 276).
30. C. violaceo-lividum, Fr. ; violaceous livid ; somewhat
eflFused, adnatc, hardened ; hymenium spuriously corrugated,
tubercular, sprinkled with thin whitish pruina.
On dead wood. Glamis.
31. C. maculseforme, Fr. ; ^ in. ; somewhat rose-colour ;
orbicular, then confluent, hardened, thin, circumference
similar, smooth ; hymenium spuriously papillose, bluish-
grey-pruinose. — Fl. Dan., t. 1738, /. 2.
On dead wood. Penzance.
32. C. limitatum, Fr. ; lurid ; becoming pale, roundish,
closely adnate, grumous-hardened, smooth, circumference
with a defined black edge ; hymenium naked.
On Cytisus. Perth.
33. C. corrugatum, Fr. ; pallid cinnamon ; somewhat
effused, closely adnate, soon grumous ; hymenium beset
with ferruginous bristles, very much cracked when dry. =
Hymenochd'te corrwjata, B. (vol. i. p. 272).
On dead wood. Very common.
**** Amphigenous ; very thin, innate, removing the hark.
34. C. comedens, Fr. (p, 276). Epping Forest.
***** Less knoion species, doubtful.
35. C. aurora, Berk. (p. 276).
36. C. typhse, Fckl. ; longitudinally effused, thin, at first
orbicular, white and fiaxy, smooth, then somewhat mealy,
tan-colour.
On Typha latifolia. North Wootton.
THELEPHOKEI. 323
Subgenus 1. — Coxiophora. — Fleshy, undulate and tubercular, rarely
membranaceous, becoming even ; hymenium smooth, pulverulent
vdth the spores : groivi'iig on wood.
37. C. puteanum, Fr., — Thdephora puteana, Schum.
(vol. i. p. 269).
Epping Forest.
Var. cellare P. Epping Forest.
38. C. stabulare, Fr. ; effused, flaxy, white, then fleshy-
soft, vinous-fuscous, circumference flaxy, white ; hymenium
tubercular, white-pruinose, tubercles collapsing.
On fir wood. Perth. Odour foetid.
39. C. urabrinum, Fr. ; umber; eft'used, fleshy- soft, vil-
lous beneath, circumference short, radiating, same colour ;
hymenium tubercular then collapsing, ferruginous-pul-
verulent.
On dead wood. Penzance. Hothorpe.
40. C. laxum, Fr., — Thelephora laxa, Fr. (vol. i. p. 269).
41. C. byssoideum, Fr., = Thelephora byssoides, P. (vol. i.
p. 269).
42. C. aridum, Fr., = Thelephora arida, Fr. (vol. i. p. 269),
Subgenus 2. — Hypochxus. — Breaking up and becoming floccose, or
furnished loith a tomentose, somewhat pulverident hymenium.
* Breaking up and becoming Jloccose.
43. C. serum, i^r. ; white; broadly efi'used, incrusting,
thin, fleshy, smooth, pruinose, then and when dry splitting
open into flocci, papillse round, crowded together, equal.
On trunks in winter. Epping Forest. Glamis. Meumuir.
44. C. sambuci, Fr. (p. 276).
324 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUXGOLOGY.
** Hiimenium tomentose, somewhat pulverulent.
45. C. olivaceum, Fr., = Thelephora oliracea, Fr. (vol. i.
p. 269).
EppiDg Forest.
46. C. ferrugineum, Fr. ; ferruginous ; eft'used, adnate,
everywhere tomeutose ; hymenium papillose, pulveraceous.
On branches. Altyre.
47. C. lacunosum, B. and Br. ; broadly effused, soft,
mycelium woolly-tawny, lacunose ; hymenium pulverulent.
On branches. Aboyue.
48. C. anthochroum, Fr., ■=. TJielrphora anthochroa, P.
(vol. i. p. 270).
Genus 49. CYPHELLA, Fr. (p. 277).
* L1GNICOL.E. — Groiring on v^ood.
1. C. Bloxami, B. and PMIl. ; white ; floccoso-membrana-
ceous ; disc becoming light yellow, crcnato-lobed ; flocci
even.
On Ulex. Twycross.
2. C. griseo-pallida, Weinm. (p. 277).
3. C. ochroleuca, B. and Br. (p. 277),
4. C. stuppea, B. and Br. ; erumpent, sessile, pezizae-
form, externally coarsely hispid, brownish, then becoming
white ; hymenium fuscous.
On broom. Menniuir, Forfarshire.
5. C. fulva, B. and Bai\ ; brown-tawny ; membranaceous,
cup-shaped, deflexed, externally tomentose.
On dead bark.
6. C. brunnea, PJnll. ; \-\ in., scattered or crowded ;
dirty brown ; sessile, cupulate, clothed near the margin
W'ith a grey pruina, margin incurved, lacerated, mouth
THELEPHOREI. 325
oblique ; hytneniutn smooth, discoloured-brown ; flesh paler,
subgelatinous.
On bark and wood of old elder trees. Shrewsbury.
7. C. fraxinicola, B. and Br. ; minute ; orbicular, ex-
ternally white ; shortly villous ; disc light yellow, becoming
fuscous with the spores ; proliferous.
On ash. Batheaston.
8. C. Curreyi, B. aad Br. (No. 935) ; gregarious, some-
times slightly crowded ; pezizseform ; white externally, vil-
lose.
On twigs of broom, furze, elm, etc. Not uncommon.
Epping Forest.
** MuscicoL.E. — Growing on mosses.
9. C. muscigena, Fr. (p. 277).
10. C. galeata, Fr. {277).
11. C. catilla, Stn. ; f in., somewhat membranaceous,
expanded, margin crisped, and undulated; hymenium veined,
broad, grey.
On moss and dead leaves. King's Lynn.
12. C. museicola, Fr. (p. 277).
*** Stipiticol.e. — Growing on stems,
13. C. lacera, Fr. (p. 277).
14. C. capula, Fr. (p. 277).
Var. cernua, Schiim. [Flor. Salland, p. 421) ; minute ;
scattered ; whitish, pallid ; cyathiform, nodding, margin
entire or laciniate, teeth unequal, somewhat turned in ;
stem rather short, thin, dilated at apex, diaphanous, when
old umber at base.
On elder bark. Ayrshire.
15. C. Pimii, Phill. ; ^ in., fasciculate ; white or very
32G OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY.
pale yellow ; cup-shaped, erect or pendent, membranaceous,
pubescent, margin of cup somewhat incised ; stem rather
slender, crooked, enlarged upwards.
On dead herbaceous stems in water. Dublin.
♦*** CAULICOL.E AND EpiPHYLL.^. — GruioiiKj Oil stcdks mid
leaves.
16. C. pallida, B. and Br. ; cups -l in., sometimes proli-
ferous ; at first orbicular, at length irregularly lobed, plane,
tomentose, or slightly hispid, sessile ; hymenium at length
wrinkled, pallid ochraceous.
On old stems of Clematis vitalba.
17. C. cuticulosa, B. (p. 278).
18. C. Goldbachii, Weinm. (p. 278).
19. C. dochmiospora, B. and Br. ; white ; minute ;
peziza?form ; hairs not granulated.
Batheaston. Epping Forest.
Orders. CLAVAHIEI {p. 27H).
Genus 50. SPARASSIS, Fr.
Fleshy; branched, M'ith flat, leaf-like branches, composed
of two plates, fertile on both sides.
1. S. crispa, Fr. ; 4—12 in., whitish ; very much branched,
intricate, recurved at apex, zoneless, serrated. — Sv. ail. Sv.
t.l7 ; Kl.Bor. i.4()S- Hogg andJohnst. t. 24; Bail, t.27 ;
Wulf. in Jacq. Misc. t. 14,/. 1 ; Kromb. t. 22, f. 2, 3 ; Schceff.
t. 163.
Beside fir trees and stumps. Rare. Edible.
CLAVAPJEI. 327
Genus 51. CLAVARIA, L. (p. 278).
I. Ramaria. — Branched, branches attenuated iqnoards.
A. Leucospor^. — Spores white or imllid.
* Colour bright, yellow, red, or violet ; on the ground.
1. C. botrytes, P. (p. 278) ; 3 iu.
2. C. amethystina, Bull. (p. 279) ; 3 in. Epping
Forest.
3. C. fastigiata, L. (p. 279) ; 1 in. Epping Forest.
4. C. muscoides, L. (p. 249).
5. C. curta, /'>. ; greenish-yellow ; very small ; very much
branched, pressed close together; stem none ; branches short,
crowded, obtuse.
On the ground. Coed Coch. Holme Lacy.
** Colour white w grey ; on the ground.
6. C. coralloid.es, L. (p. 279). Epping Forest.
7. C. cinerea, Bull. (p. 279). Epping Forest.
8. C. umbrina, B. (p. 279).
9. C. cristata, P. (p. 280). Epping Forest.
10. C. rugosa, Bull. (p. 280). Epping Forest.
11. C. Krombholzii, Fr.; csespitose ; shining white:
fragile, even, sparingly branched ; branches somewhat com-
pressed, obtuse.— A'rowZ*. /. 53, /, 15, 16, 18-20; Bull,
t. 496, /. 3.
In old pastures. Glamis. Moncreiffe.
12. C. Kunzei, Fr. (p. 280).
*** Colour ivkitish or dingy ; on loood.
13. C. pyxidata, P. ; 4-5 in., pallid, then tan-colour,
somewhat rufescent; trunk thin, smooth, branched; branches
and branchlets hollowed out in cup-shape at apex, cups
328 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY.
radiate in a proliferous manner at margin. — Pers. Comm.
,\,f. I; FJ. Dan., t. 1301,/. 1.
On the ground. Penzance.
H. OcHiiosPOR.E. — Spores ochraceous or cimuimon ; spongy,
tough ; the majority hitter,
* Colour yellow, somewhat cinnamon, saffron ; on the ground.
14. C. aurea, Schrpff. (p. 280) ; 3-4 in. Epping
Forest.
15. C. formosa, P.; trunk thick, whitish, elastic;
branches very much ramified, elongated, orange-rose-colour,
branchlets obtuse, light yellowish. — Pe7's. Ic. and Desc,
t. 3, /. 5; Kromb. t. 54, /. 21, 22; Holmsk. 1 n, 13,
Icon.; Corda Ic. iii. /. 136; Hare. t. 7, lower Jig. ; Batsch,
/. 48.
In woods. Rare.
16. C. spinulosa, P. ; trunk short, rather thick, pallid ;
branches elongated, crowded, tense and straight, attenuated,
somewhat cinnamon, fuliginous-date-brown, same colour at
apex.
In pine woods. Coed Coch.
17. C. abietina, P. (p. 280) ; 2-3 in.
18. C. flaecida, Fr. (p. 280) ; 1-H in.
19. C. crocea, P. (p. 280).
** Colour vjhitisJb, grey or violet ; on the ground.
20. C. grisea, P. (p. 281). Epping Forest.
21. C. condensata, Fr. ; 3—4 in., tan-rufescent ; tufts
very dense, without a common trunk, very much branched
from base ; smooth, unchangeable when bruised ; branches
tense and straight, crowded in a parallel manner, even.
CLAVARIEI. 329
fasti{<iate at apex, twice or thrice-toothed, yellow. — Schteff.
t. 177.
On the ground, under trees. West Farleigh.
*** Growing on trunks.
22. C. stricta, P. (p. 281).
23. C. crispula, Fr. (p. 281) > 1-3 in.
II. Syncoryxe, — Somewhat simjjle, ccespitose at base or fasciculate.
* Reddish.
24. C. purpurea, Fr. (p. 281) ; 3 in.
25. C. rufa, Fl, Dan.; \\ in., esespitose; rufous; clubs
stuffed, thickened, somewhat bifid, acute.
On the ground, llannoch. The Burn, Forfarshire.
26. C. rosea, Fr. (p. 281), U in.
** Yellowish or ichite.
27. C. fusiformis, Soiv. (p. 281) ; 3 in. Epping Forest.
28. C. ceranoides, P. (p. 282) ; 3 in.
29. C. insequalis, FL Dan. (p. 282); 1-3 in. Epping
Forest.
Var. aurantiaca, P. ; somewhat wrinkled, and com-
pressed.—iiTrow^*. t. 53, f. 19, 20; Faill, t. 7, f. 5.
30. C. argillacea, Fr. (p. 282) ; i-1 in.
31. C. vermicularis, Scop. (p. 282) ; 3 in. Epping
Forest.
32. C. fragilis, Holmsk. (p. 283) ; 1-3 in. Epping
Forest.
*** Fuliginous or blackish.
33. C. striata, P. ; esespitose; fistulose ; sub fuliginous ;
clubs very long, flexuous, somewhat twisted, sparsely striate,
— Fres. Ic. and Desc. t. 3, /. 5.
330 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY.
On the ground. General cemetery, Shrewsbury.
34. C. fumosa, P. ; fuliginous ; fasciculate, fistulose,
fragile ; clubs even, tense and straight, somewhat com-
pressed.— Kromb. t. 53, /. 18.
In pastures. Uncommon.
III. IIoLocoRYNE. — tSonieivhat shnple, sejmrate at base.
* Colour changeable, becoming dark.
35. C. pistillaris, L. (p. 283) ; 6-12 in. Epping Forest.
36. C. ligula, Fr. ; yellowish when young, then pallid-
refuscent; simple, gregarious, spongy-fleshy, elongate, clavate,
obtuse, villous at base. — Schmeid. Ic. t. 5, upper fig.; Fl.Dan.
t. 837 ; Wulf. in Jacq. Misc. ii. t. 2, /. 2 ; Sv. Bot. t. 504,
/. 3; Schceff. t. 171; Kromb. t. 52,/. 12.
In woods. Strachan, Kincardineshire.
37. C. contorta, Holmsk (p. 283) ; 1 in. Epping
Eorest.
38. C. flstulosa, Fr. ; light yellowish, then rufescent ;
simple, slender, very long, tense and straight, fistulose, rather
obtuse; root short, villous.- .F/. Dan. t. 1256, 1100,/. 3;
Holmsk. i. p. 15, with fig. ; Kromb. t. 5, /. 19.
On small branches and twigs.
Var. Ardenia, Sow. (p. 283) ; 8 in. The variety only
recorded as British.
39. C. juncea, Fr. (p. 283) .
40. C. tuberosa, /So/a'. = Calceora tuberosa, Fr. (vol. i.
/. 284).
** Colour unchangeable, covunonli/ shining white.
41. C. canaliculata, Fr. ; 3 in., shining white; solitary ;
fistulose, slightly tough, very smooth, not rooting, at length
compressed, channelled or splitting longitudinally. — Quel,
t. 21,/ 1. Bull. t. 496,/. L.M.
CLAVAPJEI. 331
On the ground. Coed Coch.
42. C. tenuipes, B. and Br. (p. 281); 1 in.
43. C. incarnata, IVeinni. ; gregarious; i-liiuch; flesh-
colour, white-pruinose, internally purple ; simple, solid,
cjlindrieal.
On the ground. Terrington, Norfolk.
44. C. acuta, Sow. (p. 283) ; 1-3 in.
45. C. uncialis, Grev. (p. 284) ; 1 in.
Genus 52. CALOCERA, Fr. (p. 284).
* Branched.
1. C. viscosa, Fr. (p. 284) ; 1 in. Epping Forest.
2. C. palmata, Fr. ; orange-yellow ; branched, tremelloso-
tough, compressed, dilated upwards, divided ; branchlets
somewhat round, divaricate, obtuse.
On wood. Twycross,
C. tuberosa, Fr. Transferred to Clavaria, No. 40.
** Ccespitose.
3. C. cornea, Fr. (p. 284) ; h in. Epping Forest.
4. C. corticalis, Fr. ; — in., pallid flesh-colour; caespi-
tose, erumpeni, soft, pellucid ; clubs small, awl-shaped,
somewhat distinct. — Batsch. f. 162.
On dead bark. Penzance.
*** Simple, distinct.
5. C. striata, Fr. ; 4-3 in., yellow ; simple, solitary,
elongated, blunt at base, linear, even when dry. — Bonord,
f. 255.
On ash. Belvoir Castle.
6. C. striata, Fr. ; yellow ; simple, solitary, tough, lanceo-
late, acute, striate when dry. — Hojfin. Germ. t. 7, /. 1.
332 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY.
On prostrate trunks. Batheaston.
7. C. glossoides, Fr. (p. 281) ; I in.
Genus 53. PTERULA, Fr.
Cartilaginous, filiform, arid, equal, without a distinct
stem ; hymenium pubescent, then smooth ; simple or
branched.
1. P. subulata, Fr. ; \\ in. ; densely crowded, tense and
straight, thread-like, equal except at attenuated base ;
sparingly branched, branches growing into each other,
whitish cinereous, multifid at apex, awl-shaped, smooth,
becoming yellow. — Linn. 1830, /. 11, /. 4.
On wood. Burnham Beeches.
2. P. multifida, Fr. ; 1-2 in. ; pallid-whitish, then dirty
pale-yellowish ; very much branched, very delicate, flaccid,
slightly tough ; branches tense and straight, almost hair-
like, heaped as if swept together, somewhat fastigiate, spear-
shaped at apex, same colour.
On dead branches.
Genus 54. TYPHULA, Fr. (p. 284).
I. PiiACORiiiiiz.*:. — Springing from sderotioid liyhernacula.
1. T. erythropus, Fr. (p. 284) ; \ in.
2. T. phacorrhiza, Fr. (p. 284) ; 3-4 in. Epping Forest.
3. T. incarnata, Lascli. (p. 285).
4. T. gyrans, Fr. ; white ; simple, very tender, somewhat
cylindrical ; stem thin, pubescent ; hybernaculum pallid,
becoming fuscous. — Batsch. f. 164.
On straw, etc. Uncommon. The hybernaculum is
Sclerotium complanatum.
5. T. musicola, Fr. (p. 285) ; 2-3 in.
CLAVARIEI. 333
11. Leptorrhiz.e. — Radical tubercle vmnting.
G. T. GreviUei, Fr. (p. 285).
7. T. gracillima, JVhite ; white ; stem very slender,
curved, smooth, club elongated.
On various herbaceous plants. Perth.
8. T, flliformis, Fr. (p. 285) .
9. T. gracilis, B. and Desm. (p. 285) ; ~ in.
10. T. translucens, B. and Br.; minute ; white ; pellucid ;
stem shorty thickened upwards ; head irregular, somewhat
obovate.
On the ground. Glamis.
Genus 55. PISTILLARIA, Fr. (p. 285).
1. P. micans, Fr. (p. 285) ; -^ in.
2. P. culmigena, Fr. (p. 285).
3. P. quisquiliaris, Fr. (p. 286) ; J in. Epping Forest.
4. P. furcata, Sm. ; 1\ in. ; clubs white or yellowish ;
waxy, then tough, compressed, broad at apex, attenuated
downwards, generally furcate and ctespitose.
In greenhouses.
5. P. puberula, Berk. (p. 286) ; -^ in.
6. P. pusilla, Fr. (p. 286) ; -'-^r in.
Genus 56. MYCROCERA.
External veil persistent, membrauaceous-floccose, break-
ing above into many lacinia3 ; receptacle fleshy, club-shaped,
formed of simple spore-bearing fibres, spores fusiform,
arcuate.
No British examples recorded.
334 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY.
Order G. TREMELLINEI.
Genus 57. TREMELLA, Fr. (p. 286).
I. Mesentekiformes. — Gelatinous, inclining to cartilaginous,
foliaceous, nailed.
1. T. fimbriata, P. (p. 280) ; 2-3.
2. T. frondosa, Fr. (p. 286).
3. T. foliacea, P. (p. 287) ; 1-2. Epping Forest.
4. T. lutescens, P. (287) ; ^-1 in.
II. OerebrintE. — Firm, then ptdpy, someiohat p'uinose loith
the spores.
5. T. mesenterica, Bet::, (p. 287). Epping Forest.
6. T. intumescens, Sm. (p. 288).
7. T. vesicaria, Enr/. Bot. (p. 287).
8. T. albida, Hud. (p. 287) ; 1 in. Epping Forest.
III. Crustace.e. — Diffused, becoming pla')ie.
9. T. viscosa, B. (p. 288).
10. T. epigsea, B. and Br. (p. 289) .
IV. TuBERCULiFORMES. — Small ; somewhat erumpent.
11. T. violacea, Rehl.— Dacrymyces violaceus, Fr. (vol.
i. p. 290).
12. T. indecora, Sommerf. (p. 288) ; ^ in.
13. T. moriformis, Eng.Bot. (p. 287).
14. T. tubercularia, 5. (p. 288).
15. T. foliicola, Fckl. ; white above, brown below ; scat-
tered, crowded, somewhat sessile, granular, globose, gelati-
nous above, hard and dry below, when dry cup-shaped.
On lower surface of leaves of Rubus fruticosus, with
Phraymidium.
TREMELLINEI. 335
16. T. torta, B. (p. 288). \ in.
17. T. versicolor, B. (p. 288).
T. sareoides, 8m. = Ombrophila sarcoides, Jacq.
one of the Discomycetes.
Genus 58. EXIDIA (p. 289).
I. AuRicuLiN.E. — Pezizoicl.
1. E. truncata, Fr. ; 1 in., black ; shining, soft, distended
with jelly ; disc truncato-plane, glandular, at length caver-
nous, rough with dots beneath ; stem very short.
On lime branches. Yester Gardens.
2. E. recisa, Fr. (p. 289).
II. Spiculari.e. — Somewhat plane, unpolished beneath,
gla-ndular, here and there gyrose.
3. E. glandulosa, Fr. (p. 289) ; 2-3 in. Epping Forest.
4. E. saccharina, Fr. (p. 89).
Genus 59. HIRNEOLA, Fr. (p. 289).
1. H. auricula- Judse, B. (p. 289). 1-3 in.
Genus 60. FEMSJONIA, Fr.
Cup-shaped, distended with firm jelly, different on the
two sides ; disc thick, heterogeneous, even, not glandular ;
sporophores immersed, globose ; spores oblong, curved ;
on wood, erumpent, brightly coloured.
No British examples recorded.
Genus 61. NJEMATELIA, Fr. (p. 290).
1. N. encephala, Fr. (p. 290) ; k in.
2. N. nueleata, Fr. (p. 290) ; ^ in.
3. N. virescens, Corda (p. 290).
336 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNCxOLOGY.
Genus 62. GUEPimA, Fr.
Gelatinous incliniug to cartilaginous ; free ; different on
the two sides, variable in form ; substipitate ; hymeniura
confined to one side ; sporopliores linear, long-forked, two
spored ; spores curved.
1. G. peziza, Tul. ; yellow ; cup-shaped, somewhat sessile,
smooth on both sides, adnate behind ; stem slender.
On wood. Shere.
Genus 63. DACRYMYCES, Nees (p. 290).
* Red.
1. D. maerosporus, B. and Br. ; rose-colour ; gelati-
nous, tuberculated.
On dead branches. Batheaston.
**■ Yellowish.
2. D. deliquescens, Dub. (p. 291) ; h in. Epping Forest.
3. D. stillatus, Nees. (p. 291). Epping Forest.
4. D. chrysocomus, Tul. (p. 291). Epping Forest.
*** Pallid or fuscous.
5. D. sebaceus, B. and Br. ; \ in., whitish; somewhat
round, composed of filaments which are variously branched
and often clavate above.
On twigs of ash and maple. Bath.
6. D. succineus, Fr. ; amber-colour ; punctiform, some-
what gelatinous, smooth, becoming pale externally when
moistened, disc darker and immarginate.
On pine leaves, Grantown, Morayshire.
7. D. vermiformis, B. and Br. ; grey ; minute, worm-
shaped ; sporophores globose, pallid-fuscous.
On rotten wood. Batheaston.
HYPOG^I. 337
D. violaceus, Fr. ; removed to Tremella violacta.
Apyrenium lignatile
(P- 291) ;
„ , ^.^ . / other funsri, not belongiusf to
Hymenula punctiformis, ' ^ ^ ° *
Fr^
Probably imperfect forms of
B. and Br. (p. 291) ; J ^^" ^^''^^ Hymenomycetes.
Ditiola radicata^ Fr. (p. 291) =Dacry my ces deliquescens.
Family II.— GaSTEROMYCETES.
Okder 7. HYPOG^I.
6-1. OCTAVIANIA, Vitt. (p. 292).
1. O. asterosperma, Vitt. (p. 293) ; generally near the
surface, often partially exposed.
2. O. Stephensii, Vitt. (p. 293) ; f in., near the sur-
face, often wholly superficial ; often covered with dead
leaves.
3. O. compacta, Tul. ; small ; snowy-white ; peridium
rather soft, cottony ; cells rounded or oblong, very minute,
soon obliterated, septa scarce conspicuous ; spores very
small, spherical, rough, yellowish, then ochraceous. — Tul.
Hyp., 79, t. xi. /. 3.
In woods. Shoreham.
65. MEL ANOG ASTER, Cda. (p. 293).
1. M. variegatus, Tul. (p. 293); gregarious; some two
or three inches beneath the surface, or partly exposed, only
covered by leaves and twigs ; under beeches, poplars, etc.
2. M. ambiguus, TuL ; same habit as last.
Y
838 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY.
6(5. HYDNANGIUM, JVa/Ir. (p. .293).
1. H. carotsecolor, B. (p. .^QS) ; generally superficial.
2. H. carneum, JFullhr. ; subglobose, irregular, smooth,
flesh-coloured ; cells pale flesh colour, immutable ; basidia
prominent ; spores spherical, echinulate ; spinules long,
slightly coloured.
Generally superficial.
About the roots of Eucalijpt'i. Edinburgh.
Q7. HYSTERANGIUM, Vitt. (p. 291).
1. H. nephritieum, B. (p. 291) ; commonly eight or nine
inches deep in the ground, with copious mycelium.
2. Thwaitesii, B. and Br. (p. 294) ; habit same as
last.
68. RHIZOPOGON, TuL (p. 294).
1. R. rubescens, TuL; almost superficial, but often some
inches deep in very light peaty or fibrous soil.
69. HYMENOG ASTER, Tid. (p. 295).
1. H. Klotzschii, Tul. (p. 295).
2. H. muticus, B. and Br. (p. 295).
3. H. luteus, V'ttt. (p. 295).
1. H. decorus, Tul. (p. 295).
5. H. vulgaris, Tul (p. 296).
6. H. pallidus, Tul (p. 296).
7. H. citrinus, Vitt. (p. 296). Edible.
8. H. olivaceus, Vitt. (p. 296).
9. H. tener, B. (p. 296).
10. H. Thwaitesii, B. and Br. (p. 297).
11. H. pusillus, B. and Br. (297) ; the habit of all the
species of Hunienoy aster is nearly superficial.
TRICHOGASTRES, 339
Order 8. FHALLOIDEL
70. PHALLUS, L. (p. 297).
1. P. impudicus, L. (p. 297).
2. P. iosmus, B. (p. 298).
71. MUTINUS, Hiids., FL Anyl.
= ('YXOFIIALL[jS, Fr. (p. 1^98).
1. M. caninus, Fr. (p. 298).
2. M. bambusinus, Zoll. Syst. Verz. 1854, P- H ; whole
fungus about 4 in. high ; stem pallid, rubiginous, or rosy,
6-8 mm. thick, the walls containing one stratum of cavities ;
capitulum long, half the entire length, acutely conical,
dingy purple, externally rugose, impervious at apex ; mass
of spores, sooty-olive ; spores 6x4 mm.
On the ground. Sunningdale.
72. CLATHRUS, Mich. (p. 298).
1. Clathrus caneellatus, L. fp. 298).
Order 9. TRICHOGASTRES.
73. BATARREA, F. (p. 299).
J. B. phalloides, P. (p. 299).
74. TULOSTOMA, P.
1. T. mammosum. Fr. (p. 2991.
34-0 OUl'LINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY.
75. GE ASTER, Mic/i. (p. 299).
1. G. coliformis, P. (p. 299).
2. G. fornicatus, Fr. (p. 299).
3. G. striatus, D. C. (p. 3()(»).
4. G. Bryantii, B. (p. 300).
5. G. limbatus, Fr. (p. 3O0).
(). G. flmbriatus, Fr. (p. 300).
7. G. mammosus, Chev. (p. 300).
«. G. rufesceus, P. (p. 300).
9, G. hygrometrieus, P. (p. 301).
10. G. Michelianus, Worth. Sm. ; outer peridium pale
buff, thick, fleshy, generally splitting into five or si.x sub-
equal lacinise, clothed on the outside with a thin, dark
brown bark, which again splits into elegant honeycomb
patterns ; inner peridium pale slatey buff, spherical ; mouth
prominent, obtuse, dentate, paler in colour than body of
inner peridium ; spores tuberculoso-echinulate. — G. Chron.
1873; Grc'villea, ii. p. 35,/. xiii. ; Mich. t. 100,/. 1; Cke.
Handbook, No. 1079. G. funlcatua, Grevillea, i. p. -40 ;
G. cri/ptorr/ii/nchus, Kaldtb.
On the ground.
Spores "OOOli" dia. When mature, and when the outer
peridium bursts, this plant sometimes throws itself nine
or more inches away from its place of growth.
11. G. saccatus, Fr. ; outer peridium saccate, cleft into
many flaccid subinvolute lacinise ; interior peridium sessile,
crowned with a circular flat disc, and a sharp, silky mouth :
spores dark brown, slightly echinulate.
By hedge banks. Truro.
Spores -OOOIS in. dia.
12. G. lagenseformis, Vitt. ; outer peridium splitting
TRICHOGASTRES. 341
to the middle, in nearly equal, acuminate lacinise, inner
stratum very thick, evanescent ; inner peridium sessile,
flaccid ; mouth determinate, piano-conic, ciliato-fimbriate ;
columella rather long, clavate. — Jltf. Ltjcop. t. 1, /. 2;
Payer,/. 519, 520; GreviUea, ii. ^a 35, p. xiv.
On the ground.
In infancy this Geaster resembles an antique jar with a
narrow mouth, hence the specific name ; spores spherical,
in this differing from the majority of Geasters, '00012" dia.
76. BOVISTA, Dill. (p. 301).
1. B. nigrescens, P. (p. 301).
2. B. plumbea, P. (p. 301).
3. Bovista ovalispora, Cke. and Mass. ; subglobose ;
sessile; cortex thin, whitish or ochraceous, subpersistent ;
peridium thin, flaccid, smooth, dull lead-colour, dehiscing
by an irregular apical rupture ; capillitium and spores
umber in the mass ; threads 12-16 mm. at the thickest
part, much and vaguely branched, tapering to long slender
tips, dirty umber by transmitted light ; spores oval, 6x4^
mm., brownish umber, with a narrow hyaline border
caused by the thickened epispore ; pedicels long and stout,
hyaline.
On the ground. Kew.
Differing from B. plumbea in being 2 inches or more
large, in the oval spores, and from B. nigrescens in the
oval spores and absence of the purple tinge in the capillitium
and spores.
4. B. olivacea, Cke. and Mass.; globose, 1 2—2 in. dia., with
a short, stout, rooting base ; cortex very thin and evanescent ;
peridium thick, at first soft and pliant like leather, becom-
ing brittle and breaking away in patches, pale ochraceous,
312 OUTLINES 01' MKITISH FUNGOLOGY.
at length whitish ; mass of spores, and very dense capilli-
tium bright citrine, then olive ; threads thin, liaccid, simple ;
spores globose, smooth, pale yellow, sometimes pedicellate,
5 mm. dia.
On the ground. Diirdham Down.
77. LYCOPERDON, Toifrn. (p. 301;.
1. L. giganteum, Batsch (p. 302).
2. L. cselatum, Fr. (p. 302).
3. L. atro-purpureum, Vitt. (p. 302).
4. L. pusillum, Fr. (p. 302).
5. L. saccatxim, Valil. (p. 302).
(3, L. gemmatum, Fr. (p. 302).
7. L. pyriforme, Schacjf (p. 30o).
8. L. Cookei, Mass. ; gregarious ; ^-f in. dia., hemi-
t^pherical or globose, abruptly contracted into a short, thick
stem-like base, smoky-brown above, white below, minutely
areolato-furfuraceous, dehiscing by a small irregular mouth >
capillitium continuous with the well-developed cellular
sterile base ; threads varying in thickness, simple, firm ;
spores bright citrine yellow, then olivaceous-umber, globose,
smooth, sometimes stipitate, 4 mm. dia.
On the ground. Norfolk. Kew.
9. L. Hoylei, B. and Br. ; peridium stipitate, subglobose,
bristling with elongated rigid brown warts, sterile base
small, confluent with the capillitium ; spores globose,
echinulate, lilac.
On the ground. Heading.
Stem 1 in. high, | in. thick, lacunose ; olivaceous within ;
peridium 2 in. across ; warts li-2 lines high ; capillitium
and spores lilac; spores '00015 in.; mycelium thread-likc)
white.
ELVELLACEI. 343
10. H. echinatum, P. ; peridiuoi turbinate, substipitate
pale umber or yellowish, rough with rather distant stout
spiny warts ; spores echinulate.
In woods. Berks.
Spores echinulate, •000.2--000,2o" dia.
78. SCLERODERMA, P. (p. 303).
1. S. vulgare, Fr. (p. 303).
2. S. Bovista, Fr. (p. 303).
3. S. verrucosum, P. (p. 303).
4. S. geaster, Fr. ; sessile ; subglobose ; growing pallid ;
peridium dehiscing at the apex in stellate lacinise; inner
mass dirty purplish black ; spores globose, verrucose. —
Seem. Jour. Bot. ix. t. 116; Trans. Woolh. CI. 1870, p. 252;
Icon.; Mich. /. 99, /. 1.
On the ground, near Herefoid.
79. POLYSACCUM, D.C. (p. 304).
1. P. olivaceum, Fr. (p. 804).
80. CENOCOCCUM, Fr.
1. C. geophilum, Fr,
Family V.— ASCOMYCETES.
Order 23. ELVELLACEI.
242. MORCHELLA, Dill. (p. 358).
A. Pihus adnate at base.
1. M. esculenta, P.
Var. rotunda, P. ; colour whitish-pallid, when dry struw-
colour or pale yellow.
344 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUXGOLOGY.
In woods and bushy places, chiefly on sandy soil.
~'. M. conica, P. ; pileus conical, oblong, adnata at
base ; primary ribs longitudinal, obtuse, secondary fornaing
transverse folds; pits elongated, narrow, plicato-lacunose ;
stem subterete, cylindrical, whitish. — Kromb., t. 16,/. 7.
On the ground ; esculent ; three or four inches high.
Var. deliciosa, Ft\ ; pileus subcylindrical, acute ; stem
short.
In grassy places. Spring. Esculent.
3. M. crassipes, P. ; pileus subconical, brown, adnate at
base ; ribs irregularly undulating, thick ; pits large, variable
in form, deep, the bottom celluloso-plicate ; stem large,
tall, incrassated at base, lacunose, globose, somewhat flesh-
coloured. — Kromb., t. 16, /. 1.
On the ground. Spring. Esculent ; attaining a height of
12 in.
•A. M. Smithiana, Cke. ; pileus subglobose, tawny, adnate
at base ; ribs irregular, undulating, thick ; pits polymor-
phous, deep, plicate at bottom ; stem large, tall, thickened
at base, hollow, attenuated upwards, sulcate, toraentose,
white or flesh coloured. — Jonr. Bot. 1868, t. 73.
Spring. Esculent ; reaching a height of 12 in. and a dia.
of 7 in.
B. Pileus free the base.
5. M. patula, P. (p. 358).
6. M. gigas, P. ; pileus conical, free at base, which is
somewhat undulate ; ribs longitudinal, anastomosing ; pits
large, elongated, lacunose within ; stem stout, long, en-
larged downwards, sulcate, dirty white, covered with ferru-
ginous squamules, hollow. — Vitt. Many., t. 15, /. 6-7.
On the earth iu shady places. Spring. Attaining a
height of 8 ia.
ELVELLACEI. 345
7. M. semilibera, D.C. (p. 358).
243. GYROMITRA, Fr. (p. 358).
1. G. esculenta, Fr. (p. 353). Audley End.
2, G. gig as, Kromb. ; pileus large, lobed, undulato-
plicate or curled, pallid, whitish or ochraceous ; lobes sub-
adnate to the stem, adpressed, somewhat undulating ; stem
thick, cellular, waxy, whitish, externally lacunose, sub-
glabrous. Kromb.^ t.20,f. 1-5.
On the ground. Esculent.
244. HELVELLA, L. (p. 358).
A. >Stem stout, sulcate.
1. H. crispa, Fr. (p. 359). Epping Forest.
2. H. lacunosa, Afz. (p. 359). Epping Forest.
3. H. sulcata, Afz. ; pileus deflexed, 2-3 lobed, adnate ;
stem stuffed, furrowed with equal ribs 2 in. long. — Pat.,
f. 272.
Kew.
4. H. subcostata, Cke. ; pileus deflexed, free, sublobate,
even, under side paler, ribbed and veined ; stem equal,
longitudinally ribbed.
Pileus 2^ in. broad ; stem 2i in. long ; under side of
pileus free from stem, with branching ribs.
Glamis.
B. Stem stout, nearly even.
5. H. infula, Schcpff. ; pileus lobate, deflexed, even ;
margin adhering very closely to stem, at length undulate,
subcinnamoneous ; stem enlarged upwards, stuffed, then
hollow, smooth, often here and there irregularly lacunose,
pallid, slightly villous. — Schoeff.^ t. 159.
346 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY.
On the ground in woods. llotliimurchus. Brandon.
G. H. monachella, Fr. ; pileus defiexed, lobate, adnate,
even, subspadiceous ; stem hollow, 1-2 in. long, even,
glabrous, white. — Kromh., t. 19, /. 22-26.
On sandy ground in mountain woods. Old Roar Wood,
St. Leonard's.
7. H. guepinioides. B. and ('ke. ; pileus entire, de-
flexed, free, ochraceous ; stem elongated, equal, even,
hollow, whitish.
On the ground.
c. Stem slender, even.
a. Externally pruinose, furjuraceous or rjlabrovs.
8. H. elastica, Bu/l (p. 359).
9. H. atra, Konig. ; fuliginous black ; pileus detlexed,
adpressed on both sides, free, even beneath ; stem stuffed,
furfuraceo-villous.— iCrom^., t. 21, f. 18-20.
In moist woods, summer and autumn. Aviemore, Loch
Killein, and Loch Laggau.
10. H. pulla, Holms. ; pileus defiexed, free, lobed, un-
dulated, fuliginous, nearly naked underneath and also at
middle of stem. — Cke., Mijcoyr., f. 338.
On moist ground in woods, sometimes on old rotting
trunks of trees. King's Lynn.
11. H. Klotzschiana, Cdu. ; pileus nearly two-lobed,
defiexed, membranaceous, even, opaque, brown, margin
repand, even beneath and yellowish; stem slender, sub-
cylindrical, pale yellow, clear white within. — Corda in Sturm.
Flo., iii. /. 57. Cooke, Mycocjr., f. 168.
In fernery. Coed Coch.
12. H. ephippium, Lev. (p. 359).
ELVELLACKI. 317
245. VERPA, Swartz. (p. 359).
1. V. digitaliformis, P. (p. 359).
2. V. ruflpes, Phill. ; pileus conical, rugulose, sublobate,
umber, whitish and tomentose beneath ; stem ventricose,
rufous squammolosCj stuifed. — Phill. Brit. Disc. pi. 1, p. 1.
Terrington St. Clement's, North Wootton.
3. V. conica, Sow. (p. 259).
(v. speeiosa Vitt. ; recorded doubtfully by B. and
Br. — Ann. Ma^. Nat. Hist. 1922.)
246. MITRULA, Fr. (p. 360).
1. M. cucullata, Fr. (p. 360).
2. M. paludosa, Fr. (p. 360).
3. M. alba, Sm. ; head globose, even, white ; stem
stutted, white ; asci cylindrical, sporidia lanceolate, hyaline,
eguttulate, 16^3 mm. ; Grevillea, 1, /. 10, lower figure.
East Budleigh, Budleigh Salter ton.
247. SPATHULARIA, P. (p. 360j.
1. S. flavida, P. (p. 360).
248. LEOTIA, Hill. (p. 360).
1. li. lubrica, P. (p. 360). Epping Forest.
2. L. chlorocephala, Schw. ; csespitose ; pileus globose,
very glabrous, nearly pellucid, asruginous green ; stem
very long, twisted, powdered ; asci clavato-cylindrical ;
sporidia 8, fusiform, curved, 3-guttulate, 20-22 x 5 mm.;
paraphyses filiform. — Cooke, Mycogr,, f. 174.
Variable in size, reaching 4 in. high.
On the ground. Hampshire.
348 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUXGOLOGY
3. L. circinans, P. ; gregarious, somewhat ca^spitose, or
arranged in circles ; pileus fleshy, convex, afterwards undu-
late, margin involute, nerves underneath running down
into stem; stem fistulose, somewhat powdery; asci clavate ;
sporidia 8, linear, cylindrical, or clavate, straight or curved,
multi-guttulate, 50-60 x 3 mm., paraphyses filiform, curved
at apices. — Pers. Icon, et Descr., t. 5,/. 5-7 ; Cooke, Mycogr.^
f. 172.
On the ground in fir woods. Autumn. Forres. Avie-
more. Glamis. Menmuir.
4. L. aeicularis, P. ; gregarious or scattered ; small ;
white ; pileus waxy, fragile, undulato-convex, margin
straight, under-side granulose ; stem simple or branched,
becoming crooked, discoloured ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8,
fusiform, biguttulate, becoming pseudo-uniseptate, 25-28
X 4 mm., paraphyses filiform. — Cooke, Mycogr., f. 369.
On decayed stumps of trees near the ground ; ?>— 1 in.
high. Halifax. Pophills. Appen. King's Lynn, etc.
5. L. nana, Fr. (p. 360).
249. VIBKISSEA, Fr. (p. 361).
A. S'tipitate,
1. V. truncorum, Fr. (p. 361).
2. V. Margarita, White ; simple ; head orbicular,
orange-vermilion, margin hispid ; stem cylindrical, hir-
sute with black articulated hairs ; internally whitish-
cinerous ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, filiform, multi-
septate, 180 X 2 mm., paraphyses filiform, branched near
apices, which are subclavate and brown. — Phill. Transx
Linn. Soc, Ser. 2, vol. ii., /. 1,/. 10-16.
ELVELLACEI. 349
On dead sticks of heather in a pool at an altitude of
3200 feet.
Mor. Shron. Braemar.
.3. V Fergussoni, B. and Br. ; stem short, thickened
upwards ; cups plane, externally dark brown, granulose ;
hymenium plane or pulvinate, yellow; asci elongated;
sporidia filiform, 220 mm.; summits of paraphyses globose.
—B. and Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1490, t. 11,/. 6.
On Prunus Padus. New Pitsligo, N.B.
4. V. microscopia, B. and Br. ; very minute ; plane or
cup-shaped ; hymenium and receptacle grey ; stipes short,
slender, black ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, filiform, 50-60 x 2
mm. ; paraphyses filiform, numerous, — Phill. Trans. Linn.
Soc, Ser. 2, vol. ii. t. I, f. 17-24.
On damp fir wood. Rannock, N.B.
B. Sessile.
5. V. Guernisaci, Crouan ; minute, lentiform or tur-
binate ; hymenium pallid, ochraceous, or grey, convex ; asci
cylindrical, long ; sporidia 8, filiform, hyaline, 270 mm. long ;
paraphyses slender, branched near the clavate summits. —
PhiU. Brit. Disc, pi. x. /. 61.
On dead submerged branches of Salix in water. May
and June. Wexham. Habberley. Berrington.
6. V. turbinata, Phill. ; scattered ; turbinate ; hymenium
plane or convex, ochraceous yellow, margined by the thin
edge of the receptacle, which is bluish grey, smooth ; asci
cylindrical ; sporidia 8, filiform, 180 x 2 mm. ; paraphyses
slender, branched near the summits, which are slightly
enlarged and brownish. — Phill. Trans. Linn. Soc, Ser. 2,
vol. ii. t. 11,/. 14-18.
On branches of ash in wateycourse. Shrewsbury
7. V. leptospora, B. and Br. ; hemispherical, then
350 OUTLINES OF liKITlSII FUNGOLOGY.
expanded, sessile ; hymeniura pallid or straw-colour ;
externally lurid, from the scattered, black, ad pressed flocci ;
margin crenulate ; sporidia filiform ; 200-230 x 2 mm.
broad, — PhilL Trans. Linn. Soc, Ser. 2. \o\. ii. /. 2,
/ 19-23.
On decayed wood. About i a line across. Jedburgh.
250. GEOGLOSSUM, P. (p. 361).
1. G. viride, P. (p. 361).
2. G. olivaceum, P. (p. 361).
3. G. viscosum, P. ; glabrous ; viscid ; black ; club
cylindrical, confluent with the stem, afterwards slightly
thickened, olivaceous-black below ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ;
sporidia 8, linear, rounded at the ends, straight or slightly
curved, 3-septate, brown; 80x95 mm. ; paraphyses filiform,
non-septate, apices globose. — Cooke, Mycogr., fig. 10.
On the ground ; mountain pastures, etc. ; 2-3 in. high.
Foxhall, Terrington,
4. G. glabrum, P. (p. 362).
5. G. glutinosum, P. (p. 362).
6. G. microsporum, Cke. and Pk. ; glabrous ; somewhat
viscid ; club obtuse, distinct ; stem slightly squamulose ;
asci cylindrical, a little curved, hyaline, faintly 7-septate,
50 X 10 mm. ; paraphyses filiform, straight, not enlarged at
apices. — Cooke, Mycogr., f. 11.
On the ground. Autumn. Ilanham, Clifton.
7. G. tremellosum, Cke. ; glabrous ; tremellose ; black ;
contiguous ; club subcompressed, hollow ; stem even, glu-
tinous, same colour ; asci clavate ; sporidia fusiform, straight
or curved, hyaline, 30-32 x 5 mm., at length 5-7 septate ;
paraphyses linear. — Cooke, Mycogr.,/. 47.
On the ground. Rannoch, KB,
ELVELLACEI. 351
RHIZINA. Fr.
Sessile ; eft'used like a crust, afterwards bullato-inflated^
determinate ; hymenium occupying the upper surface ;
under side furnished with root-like fibrils ; flesh firm, per-
sistent ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, large.
1. R. undulata, Fr.; efl'used, undulate; bay-brown;
margin inflexed ; flocculose beneath, and pallid ; asci cylin-
drical ; sporidia 8, fusiform, subacute, 2-guttulate, at
length pseudo-septate ; 30-35 x 9 mm. ; paraphyses filiform,
enlarged and brown at apices, which adhere firmly together.
—Schaff. t. 153; Tul. Hyp. t. 21, f. 16; Cur r. Linn. Trans.
xxiv. ^.51, /. 7—9.
On gravelly and sandy soil recently exposed to fire.
Ascot Heath. Wrekin.
2. R. laevigata, Fr. ; orbicular ; even ; brown ; margin
prominent ; granulose beneath ; fibrils pallid ; asci cylin-
drical ; sporidia 8, fusiform, acuminate, bi-guttulate, uni-
seriate, hyaline ; paraphyses filiform. — GrtviUea, ii. /. 22,
./• 1.
On stumps. Glamis.
251. PEZIZA, L. (p. 362).
The genus Peziza of the Outlines, is now represented by
the Order, Pezizee, in two Series : Nudee and Vestita.
These Series contain twelve genera and twenty-nine sub-
genera, as compared with the eleven subgenera of the
Outlines. The sequence of species now diflers from the
sequence as given in the Outlines. In the following list of
British species, new since the publication of the Outlines,
only those species are given which measure an inch or
more in diameter.
352 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY.
P. acetabulum, L. (p. 363) ; 2 in.
P. Percevali, B. and Cke. ; 1^ iu.; solitary; cup at
length expanded, somewhat pruinose, margin closely in-
flexed ; stem somewhat thick, subattenuated below, with
slender rooting fibrils; asci clavato-cylindrical. — Cke.,
My cog., f. :i92.
On the ground. Glamis, etc.
P. ammophila, Dr. and M. ; 1 in. ; cup turbinate,
fragile, thick ; hymenium brown externally, pallid, dry,
margin splitting into triangular teeth ; stem elongated,
rooting, very fragile, — Cke., Mijcoy., f. 100.
Immersed in sand on the sea-coast at the roots of
Psamma.
St. Andrews, N.B., Brampton Burrows, Ilfracombe.
P. pleurota, Phill. ; Ij iu. ; cup sessile, expanded,
nearly cochleate, umber brown, paler externally, elongated
on one side. — Cke., Mycog.,f. 351.
On cow dung. Autumn. Shrewsbury.
P. onotica, P. (p. o6o) ; 1-2^ in. Epping Forest.
P. leporina, Batsch. (p. 363); 1-3 in.
P. auricula, Cke. ; 1-2 in. ; sub-ciespitose ; fleshy,
elongated on one side, ear-shaped, flesh-red, externally
farinose ; asci cylindrical, stipitate. — Cke., Mycog., f. 213.
E,oss, Herefordshire.
P. apophysata, Cke. and Phill.; ^-\ in.; cup sessile un-
equal, lobed, subcontorted, elongated on one side, exter-
nally umber-brown ; hymenium blackish-brown^, smooth. —
Cke., Mycog., f. 350.
On the side of a wet ditch. Autumn. Shrewsbury.
P. phlebopliora, B. and Br. ; ^-1^ in. ; cup poculi-
form, oblique, substipitate, finely pulverulent, venoso-costate
at base.
ELVELLACEI. 353
On clay bank. Kings Cliffe. Brislington, etc.
P. aurantia, Fr. (p. 363) ; 2-5 in. Epping Forest.
Var, stipitata, Phill. ; disc bright scarlet ; stem equal to
height of cup, about 1^ lines.
Wokingham,
Var. atro-marginata, Phill. and Ploiv. ; cup ^1 in.
broad ; hymenium blood-red, wrinkled, margin black,
owing to the presence of minute, septate, bristle-like
hairs.— G. Chron.,'^Qh. 11, 1882; Icon.
Clenchwarton, Norfolk.
P. luteo-nitens, B. and Br. ; (p. 364) .
P. badia, P. (p. 363); 1-2 in.
P. flbrillosa, Curr. ; I in ; cup nearly sessile, ir-
regular, orange, clothed externally with dingy -white downy
fibrillae, which form a regular, dense, tomentose edging to
cup. — Cke. Mycog. f. 207.
On the ground. Oct. Hanham Wood. Kings Lynn.
P. cochleata, Bull. ; 1-2 in ; sporidia not rough.
P. alutacea, P. 2 in ; cup sub-sessile, contorted, pallid
ferruginous; sporidia rough. — Cke. Mycog. f. 214.
On the ground in woods.
P. grandis, P. ; 2-3 in ; csespitose or solitary, sessile,
flexuous ; externally olivaceous-umber, with a lacunose
albo-tomentose base; hymenium ochrey yellow. — Cke.,
Mycog., f. 376.
On the ground ia pine woods. Heywood Forest, near
Hereford.
P. ochracea, Boud. ; 1-2 in ; cup sessile, ca^spitose,
entire, subfiexuous, bright ochraceous, externally furfu-
raceous. — Cke. Mycog. f. 377.
On the ground in beech woods. Spring. Wrekin, Salop.
P. Adse, Sadler. ; \-2 in ; cup sessile, subciespitose,
z
354 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY.
cochleate, irregular, becoming expanderl, margin entire or
lobed, reflexcd ; hymeniura white, rosy-white, violaceous, or
ochraceous. — Grevillea, vi. L 97, f. 1-3.
On damp walls, etc. Inverleith House, Edinburgh.
P. isabellina, JVo7 Sm. ; 1-2 in ; cup sessile, ctes-
pitose, fleshy, subglobose, internally smooth, brownish yellow
with a shade of red, externally paler, sub-pruinose. —
Grevillea., i. /. 9.
On decayed coniferous wood, Kings Lynn.
P. macropus, P. (p. 364) ; h-l in.
Var. flavida, PMIl. ; less furfuraceous externally; colour
brighter, yellow, not pallid-fuliginous.
On decayed wood. Moccas, Herefordshire.
P. trachycarpa, Cnrr. ; \-\\ in ; cup orbicular, then
plane, very often umbilicate ; hyraenium blackish-brown,
rough, tuberculate ; externally granulated. — Curr. Trans.
Linn. Soc, xxiv. t. 51,/. 3, 5.
On burnt ground. Summer and Autumn. Ascot, etc.
P. leiocarpa, Carr ; lo-3 in., cup at first connivent,
sub-globose, externally rough, principally towards margin ;
vinous-brown, thin, semi-pellucid, sometimes pallid near
base, at length expanded, almost plane ; hyraenium olive-
brown. — Curr. Trans. Linn. Soc. xxiv. t. 51,/. 4-8.
On burnt ground. Ascot.
P. repanda, TFahl. (p. 3G3) ; 1-4 in. Epping
Forest.
P. reticulata, Grer. = P. venosa, P. (p. 362) ;
2-5 in.
P. coronaria, Jacq. ; 4-5 in. ; cup at first buried,
then more or less exposed, sub-globose, splitting in a
stellate manner, nearly violet or rosy, externally pallid ;
stem short, thick, rooting. — Cke. Mycog.f. 238.
ELVELLACEI. 355
On the ground, under trees. Spring. Street, Somerset.
Chichester. King's Lynn, etc.
P. venosa, P. ; 1-2 in., cup sessile or sub-stipitate ;
umber-brown, externally whitish, rugose, with costate
veins; base produced into a very short stem, Cke. My coy.
f. 228.
On the ground. Spring. Said to be esculent. King's
Cliffe. Sibbertoft. Apethorpe, etc.
P. succosa, B. (263) ; 1 in.
P. radula, B. and Br. (p. o6dt) ; 1 in.
P. pustulata, P. (p. 364) A-U in.
P. vesiculosa, Bull. (p. 364) ; 1-3 in. Epping
Forest,
P. cerea, Suiv. (p, 363) ; 1-3 in,
P. bufonia, P. ; cup hemispherical, often fragile ;
hymenium bright brown, externally warty, of the same
colour, margin entire or laterally incised ; rstem short,
rooting, becoming pallid, — Cke. Mycoy.f. 292.
In moist woods, and on rubbish heaps. Grantham,
P. purpurascens, P. ; \-\ in., cup sessile, campanu-
late, then expanded, conically attenuated to base, livid-
purple, glabrous, — Cke. Mycoy. f. 276,
On the ground. Autumn. King's Lynn,
P. tectoria, Cke. ; j-l| in,, cup sessile, or substipitate,
globose, afterwards expanded, applanate ; hymenium plane,
sub-umbilicate, pallid-ochraceous ; externally whitish, fur-
furaceous, becoming smooth, — Cke. Mycoy. f. 263,
On damp plaster walls. Summer and autumn, Epping
Forest. Shrewsbury. Edinburgh, Marlborough, etc,
P. ampliata, P. ; ^-1 in,, cup sessile, fleshy, fragile,
thin, expanding directly from the base, nearly cinnamon,
externally pallid, nearly smooth, — Cke. Mycoy. f. 384.
35G OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY.
On rotting wood, and bark of oak, poplar, etc. Autumn
and winter. Hereford. Guildford. Kew, etc.
P. cribrosa, Grev. (p. 372) ; ^-1 in.
P. tuberosa, Bull. (p. 365) ; i-l in.
P. radiculata, Soiv. (p. 367); l-\\ in. Epping
Forest.
P. coccinea, J acq. (p. 367) ; 1 in. Epping Forest.
P. cerium, Weherb ; \-\\ in.; cups stipitate, waxy,
when dry sub-coriaceous, saucer-shape, becoming expanded,
sometimes laterally compressed ; black ; externally velvety ;
stem equal or thickened below, deeply sulcate or subrugose,
glabrous, paler at base. Cke. Mijcorj. f. 187.
On the ground on sandy soil. Spring. North Wootton.
P. bulbosa, Heclw. ; \-\ in. ; cups hemispherical,
becoming expanded, waxy, when dry subcoriaceous, cineres-
cent, minutely squamulose ; hymenium blackish brown \
stem firm, rather slender, arising from a tuberform base.
On sandy soil. Summer and autumn. King's Lynn.
P. cocotina, Cke. ; 1 in. ; cups rooting, fleshy, hemis-
pherical, becoming applanate, margin entire ; hymenium
pale orange ; externally, together with the stem, whitish
tomeutose. — Cke. Mycog. f. 356.
On cocoa-nut fibre in a caterpillar-cage, and on sawdust,
October. Epping Forest. Edinburgh. Brandon, etc.
P. macropus, P. (p. 365) ; 1-2 in. Epping Forest.
P. sepulta, Fr. (p. 365) ; 1-2 in.
P. hemispherica, Jlef/f/. (p. oG7) ; ^-2iu. Epping
Forest.
P. Sumneriana, Cke. 1-2 in.; cup large, scattered
waxy, sessile, at first globose, immersed, then partly
expo!^ed, becoming expanded, the margin splitting int(/
irregular lobes ; externally chestnut-brown, covered with
ELVELLACEI. 357
a dense coating of long, slender, brown, flexuous. septate
hairs ; hymenium pallid ochraceous, with a tint of flesh-
colour. — Cke. Mycog.f. 111.
On the ground under cedars, larch, etc. Spring. Fitcham
Park. Chiswick. Ware. Warwick, etc.
264. TUBER, Mich. (p. 376).
1. T. brumale, Mich. ; commonly 2 or 3 in. deep ; when
under cedars quite superficial.
2. T. sestivum, Vitt. ; copses, hedgerows, and open
places in plantations, gregariously with other species of
Tuber, generally in plantations of beech, oak, or birch,
rarely pine ; on an argillaceous or calcareous soil.
3. T. maerosporum, Vitt. ; in clayey places under oaks
and beeches, rarely willows and poplars ; sometimes rather
near the surface, at other times deep underground.
4. T. bituminatum, B. and Br. ; this is the T. mesen-
tericmn of Vittadini ; in sandy ground, calcareous soils and
calcareous clays, deep beneath the surface.
5. T. rufum, Pico ; two or three inches deep.
T. nitidum, Vitt. ; this is merely the young condition of
T. rufum.
6. T. scleroneuron, B. and Br. ; deep in sand or sandy
ground, sometimes in calcareous clays or calcareous soils.
7. T. puberulum, B. and Br. ; in loose sand or leaf
mould, two or three inches deep.
8. T. dryophilum, Tul. ; habit same as last.
9. T. excavatum, Vitt. ; subglobose, 1 in. ; peridium
discrete, ochraceous, minutely verrucose, firm ; flesh horny,
cinereous- red, liver-coloured or tawny ; veins pallid ochrac-
eous. Jour, of Bot. 1865, pp. 11, 137, tab. 30. Generally
quite superficial, under dead leaves. Somersetshire.
358 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNCIOLOGV.
10. T. maculatum, V'llf. ; in loose leaf mould, 3 or 4
inches deep.
2G5. CHOIROMYCES, Vitt. (p. 377).
1. C. meandriformi 8, Vitt. (p. 377) ; opeu hilly positions
among oaks, half buried in stiff soil. June and July.
266, AMYLOCARPUS, Curr. (p. 377).
1. A. encephaloides, Curr.
267. PACHYPHLCEUS, Tul. (p. 377).
1. P. melanoxanthus, Tvl. ; in loose soil and leaf mould,
two or three inches deep.
2. P. citrinus, B. and Br. ; habit same as last.
0. P. conglomeratus, B. and Br. ; superficial^ on dead
sticks under leaves. &c.
268. STEPHENSIA, Tul. (p. 377).
1. S. bombycina, Tul. ; on lawns, &c. ; almost super-
ficial ; sometimes an inch or two deep.
269. HYDNOTRIA, 7i. and Br. (p 377).
1. H. Tulasni, B. and Br. ; generally ^ix or eight inches
deep in sand.
270. HYDNOBOLITES, Tul (p. 377).
1. H. cerebriformis, Tul.; superficial, under dead
leaves.
271. SPH^ROSOMA, A7. (p. 378).
1. S. ostiolatum, Tut. ; habit same as last.
272. BALSAMIA, Vitt. (p. 378).
1. B. platyspora, B. and Br.; almost superficial, but
immersed in fallen fir leaves.
ELVELLACEI. 359
2. B. vulgaris, Viti. ; habit same as last.
3. B. fragiformis, Tul. ; superficial^, covered with dead
leaves.
273. GENE A, Vitt. (p. 378).
1. G. verrucosa, Vitt. ; superficial, covered ^yith dead
leaves.
2. G. Klotsehii, B. and Br. ; habit same as last.
3. G. hispidula, B. ; sometimes superficial, ofteu just
beneath the surface, involved iu grass roots.
274. ELAPHOMYCES, Nees. (p. 378).
1. E. anthracinus, J^itt. ; four or five inches beneath
the soil.
- 2. E. variegatus, Vitt. ; habit same as last. Eppiug
Forest.
3. E. granulatus, Fr. ; habit same as last.
286. HYPOCREA, Fr. (p. 383;.
H. tremelloid.es, Fr. ; fleshy, convex, with a compressed
base, pallid, ferruginovis-umber, perithecia immersed.
Sutton. Dinmore, Hereford.
H. eitrina, Fr. ; forma Fungoram ; Karst. Myc. Fenn. ii.
(p. 204).
On hymeuium of Pohjporus betulinus. Darnaway Forest.
H. ringens, Fr. ; subcarneous, flattened, scarcely mar-
ginate, at length greenish-black ; interior white ; perithecia
confined to the disc, scattered.
On dead wood. Brandon = Sphaeria lenta, Sch. and
Hypocrea rufa, var. umbrina, Sacc.
H. alutacea, Fr. ; fleshy, soft ; head clavate. tan-
coloured, pallid, confluent with the stem. — Tul. Carp. iii. /.
iv. /, 1-6. — Sow. t. lo9.= Cordiceps alutacea (\o\. 1 .p. 382)
360 OUTLINES OF BIJITISH FUNGOLOGY.
Dinmore. Probably parasitic on Spathularia flavida.
H. aureo-virida, Plow, and Cke. ; pulvinate, then
flattened, fleshy, pale yellow, then orange, disc becoming
olive; perithecia confined to the disc, immersed.
On rotten oak and hazel. North Wootton.
Hypocrea lactea, Fr. ; fleshy, eft^used.. naked, white ;
perithecia rather large, globose ; ostiola punctiform.
On hymenium of Polyporus medulla-panis. Castle
Rising.
H. argillacea, Phitl. and Plow. ; pulvinate, clay-
coloured, rather thin, 1-3 mm., perithecia rather large,
darker, prominent, pale brown ; ostiola minute, prominent.
On soft rotten wood, apparently ash. Dersingham.
H. strobilina, Phill. and Plow. ; discoid, stroma whitish,
thin, 1-4 mm. across ; perithecia yellowish, honey-
coloured, rather large.
On cones of spruce fir. Belmont, Hereford.
H. splendens, Phill. and Plow. ; subglobose, then ex-
panded, golden-yellow, then reddish-orange, ■when old -with
tinge of brown, fleshy, thick, hemispherical, then convex,
bearing perithecia on the w^hole of the upper surface,
3-6 mm. across ; flesh yellowish white, firm ; perithecia
minute, darker
On laurel sticks. Leicestershire,
Hypocrea viscidula, Phill. and Plow. ; stroma at first
globose, flattened above, then discoid, becoming capulate;
5-10 mm. across, margin thin, at length repand and
revolute, at first straw-coloured, viscid, shining; flesh firm,
whitish, becoming yellow ; disc dotted with dark green
perithecia.
On wood and bark of Pinus sylveslris. Brandon.
H. moriformis, Cke. and Mass. ; fleshy, hemispherical.
ELVELLACEI. 361
1 ram. dia., scattered, pallid, at length black ; perithecia
convex, minute, rather prominent, pierced with a pore.
On rotten wood. Carlisle.
Hypocrea contorta, B. and Curt. ; subrotund, fixed to
the matrix by the central portion, spreading, becoming thin
towards margin, where it is free and variously lobed, dark
olive-green externally, yellowish-white within ; perithecia
minute, globose, confined to the upper surface.
On a rotten stick, Foxley Woods.
288. XYLARIA, Schrank. (p. 384).
Xylaria Scotica, Cke. ; suberose ; stem very long,
pallid, root-like, slender 1-3 times dichotomously branched
above ; brauches elongated, or very short and fasciculate ;
heads elongated, sub-cylindrical; apex more or less acute,
greyish-brown, then black, perithecia very numerous,
slightly papillate.
On the ground. Meihlouer,
Entire length, including rooting base, 2-6 in.; clubs
about 1 in. long.
Xylaria tortuosa, Sow. and Cke. ; corky, brittle, re-
peatedly branched, slender and rhizomorphoid, black, about
4 inches high, here and there bearing clavate, fertile
branches, which are obtuse ; perithecia rather prominent,
crowded.
On the ground.
329. ENDOGENE, Lk. (p. 408).
1. E, pisiformis, Lk. ; doubtfully belonging to the
Tuberacei ; near the surface, but sometimes three or four
inches below it.
2. E. lactifluus, B. and Br. ; habit same as last.
D. H. HILL LIBRARY
ADDENDA.
The following species and varieties have mostly been pub-
lished as British whilst the foregoing sheets were passing
through the press.
39a (p. 7). A. (Lepiota) cepa3stipes ; Sow.
Var. cretaceus, Bull. ; pileus chalky- white, with darker
scales.
39Z* (p. 7). A. (Lepiota) citropliyllus, B. and Br.;
pileus obtuse or broadly umbouate^ at length depressed,
lemon yellow, clad with rufous scales ; stem lemon yellow,
stuffed, then hollow, squamulose ; gills veutricose, rounded
behind or attenuated, approximate, lemon yellow.
On the ground.
Q)\a (p. 12). A. (Armillaria) aurantius, Schceff. ; pileus
fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, innato- squamulose,
viscid; stem solid, equal, concolorous, guttate above, clad
with orange scales, sub-annulate ; gills aduexed, with a
tooth, crowded, white.
In pine woods. Forres. Grautown.
66a (p. 13). A. (Armillaria) citri, Inz. Sic; cajspitose ;
1 in. ; pileus fleshy, thin, convex, then plane, rather
umbouate, smooth, sulphur yellow, margin crenulate,
becoming white ; stem slender, whitish, floccose at apex,
pallid, rufescent at base ; gills adnate, crowded, white.
On stumps. Odour of fresh meal.
ADDENDA. 363
91a (p. 17). A. (Tricholoma) scalpturatus, Fr.
Var. chrysites, Jungh. ; golden.
94a (p. 18). A. (Tricholoma) inodermeus, Fr. ; pileus
fleshy, thin, conic, then campanulate, at length convex,
umbonate, torn into fibrils and variegated with radiating
scales, fuscous, turning reddish ; stem somewhat stufl:ed,
white, then reddish, sprinkled with red meal at apex ;
gills free, broad, distant, white, spotted with red when
touched.
In grassy places.
119a (p. 22). A. (Tricholama) borealis, Fr.; pileus
fleshy, irregular, rather umbonate, smooth, rivulose when
dry, flesh-colour, growing pale, margin even, naked ; stem
solid, elastic, unequal, often twisted, attenuated at base;
gills emarginate, decurrent, thin, crowded, white.
In grassy places. Odour and habit of A. prunuhis.
123a (p. 23). A. (Tricholoma) circumtectus, Cke. ;
2-3 in. ; pileus convex, dry, fleshy, obtusely umbonate
at first, or not at all, disc tawny, cracking a little when old,
circumference olive or dusky, margin tomentose, incurved,
sinuate; stem obclavate, or sometimes attenuated down-
wards, whitish, striate, firm, solid ; gills reaching the stem,
a little sinuate, scarcely crowded, white.
On the ground.
138a (p. 26). A. (Tricholoma) melaleucus, Fr.
Var. polioleucus, Fr. ; pileus obtusely umbonate, livid,
then grey ; stem nearly equal, whitish, pruinose at apex,
gills whitish.
In grassy places.
150a (p. 29). A. (Clitocybe) curtipes, Fr. ; pileus
slightly fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, oblique, smooth ;
stem solid, short, rigid, unequal, brown, thickened up-
364 OUTLINES OF BHITISH FUNUOLOGY,
wards, sub-pruiuose, shining white ; gills aduate, crowded,
white.
Aiioagst grass. B lat of G.irtea, laveraess-shire.
153a (p. 30). A. (Clitocybe) opiparus, Fr.; 2-4 in.;
pileus compact, convex, then plane, obtuse, even, smooth,
flesh colour, shining ; stem solid, stout, smooth ; gills
adnato-decurrent, crowded, connected by veins, white.
In mossy places.
lG9a (p. 33). A. (Clitocybe) amplus, Pers. ; pileus
fleshy, convex, then plane, somewhat repand, fragile,
becoming even, rather hygrophanous, disc compact, margin
thin, naked, soon spreading, and reflexed ; stem solid, stout,
rather cartilaginous, naked, white, a little villous at the
apex; gills decurrent, rather crowded, broad, fuliginous,
then dirty white.
In woods.
173a (p. 33). A. (Clitocybe) fumosus, Pers.
Var. csespitosus, Cke. ; growing in tufts.
170a (p. 33). A. (Clitocybe) subdecastes, Cke. and
Mass. ; 2\ in., csespitose ; pileus fleshy, campanulate,
convex, obtuse, even, smooth, white at the margin and
lobed, becoming yellow at the apex, disc compact, else-
where thin ; stem solid, confluent at base, smooth, equal,
fibrillose ; gills broad, rather crowded, attenuated in front,
rounded behind, white.
On the ground.
178a (p. 34). A. (Clitocybe) occultus, Cke.; 1t-2|- in.;
pileus fleshy, convex, then plane and depressed, even,
smooth, but innately virgate, viscid, pallid, smoky about
disc, whitish at margin ; stem equal or slightly expanded
above into the pileus, solid, white, striately fibrillose, often
curved ; gills rather distant and broad, adnate, a little
ADDENDA. 365
decurrent, scarcely emarginate, white ; substance white,
tough, cartilaginous.
Gregarious on charred ground.
182a (p. 35). A. (Clitocybe) sinopicus, Fr. ; pileus
fleshy, thin, plane, then depressed, umbilicate, dry, at
length floccosely rivulose ; stem stuffed, equal, rather
fibrillose; gills decurrent, very crowded, rather broad, pure
Mhite, then turning yellowish.
In woods, chiefly on burnt places.
196a (p. 39). A. (Clitocybe) cyathoides, W. Sm.
Smaller than A. cyathlformis ; pileus thin, plane, then
depressed ; gills white, turning yellowish ; stem fibrillose,
reticulate.
On the ground.
(This is A. cinerascens, Batsch, but as there is already
A. [Tricholoma] cinerascens, Bull., BatscVs name cannot
stand. There is also A. Batschianus, Fr.)
258a (p. 50). A. (CoUybia) eustygius, Cke. ; \\-2 in,;
pileus rather fleshy, convex, then plane, sometimes de-
pressed, even, smooth, shining when dry, tough, dingy-
white, a little darker about the disc, margin thin, smooth,
occasionally flexuous ; stem stufted, rarely hollow, at-
tenuated downwards into a rooting base, white above,
sprinkled with small punctate scales, darker below, and
often becoming fuliginous, somewhat longitudinally striate
or fibrous ; gills rather broad, rounded behind, not crowded,
dark grey; whole plant on drying becomicg black.
On the ground. Odour of rancid meal.
280a (p. 55). A. (Mycena) olivaceo-marginatus, Mass.;
h, in. ; pileus membranaceous, campanulate, tawny honey
colour, striate up to the disc, darker when dry ; stem
fistulose, smooth, shining, naked, dry, slender, tinged with
366 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUXGOLOGY.
rufous at the base, with a little white cottony tomeutum ;
gills rather distant, adnexed, uncinate, broad, slightly
connected by veins, pallid, edge brownish olive, wholly
greyish when dry.
On lawns.
314a (p. 60). A. (Mycena) consimilis, Cke. ; l-H in. ;
gregarious; pileus membranaceous, conically campanula te,
margin soon reflexed, striate to the middle, at length
splitting, smooth, opaque, ciuereous, with umbo darker;
stem attenuated upwards, often compressed below, rather
rigid, dry, smooth, paler than pileus, fistulose ; gills slightly
adnate, nearly free, linear, scarcely crowded, cinereous.
Among grass. Odour none.
474ff (p. 86). A. (Entoloma) nigrocinnamoneus, KaJcli.
2-4 in., gregarious ; pileus slightly fleshy, convex, then
flattened, depressed about the umbo, even, smooth, umber,
becoming blackish ; stem hollow, rather twisted, fibrillose,
grey, becoming tawny ; gills soon receding, rounded, distant,
reddish cinnamon.
In pastures, etc. Odour of fresh meal.
540« (p. 101). A. (Togaria) blattarius, Fr. ; pileus
rather fleshy, soon flattened, somewhat umbonate, smooth,
ferruginous, hygrophanous, margin striate ; stem fistulose,
equal, straight, ring entire, distant, white ; gills free,
rounded, ventricose, crowded, watery cinnamon.
In gardens and cultivated places.
648a (p. 123). A. (Flammula) purpuratus, Cke. and
Mass.; 1-2 in.; pileus rather fleshy, convex, then ex-
panded, obtusely umbonate, purple or purple-brown, clad
with minute floccose scales of the same colour; stem
curved, ascending, equal, smooth and pallid above, purple
below and granulose, solid ; flesh pale yellowish above,
ADDENDA. 367
purplish below ; ring fibrillose ; gills adnate, somewhat
rounded behind, not crowded, lemon-yellow, at length
bright ferruginous.
On tree-fern stems. Taste very bitter.
700a (p. 135). A. (Naucoria) nasatus, Kalch.; pileus
thin, rather fleshy, campanulate, terminated by a long
papillteform umbo, margin striate or sulcate, smooth,
ochraceous ; stem fistulose, equal, flexuous, fibrillose, rather
ferruginous ; gills emarginate, with a decurrent tooth,
somewhat crowded, broad, ventricose, ferruginous.
In swampy places.
762a (p. 148). A. (Psalliota) campestris, L.
Var. siivicola, Vitt. ; pileus becoming even, shining,
white; stem stuffed, elongated, somewhat bulbous, ring
simple ; flesh somewhat unchangeable ; gills acute behind,
whitish, then slowly becoming fuscous.
In woods.
7626 (p. 148). Var. albo-squamosus, W. Sm. ; pileus
large, fleshy, furnished with large, adnate, white scales,
the remains of a very thin volva ; flesh, dry, tough,
changing to rose, yellow-sienna and brown on being cut
or broken ; gills crowded, changing to black, edge at first
white ; stem tough, with a distinct pith, and slight remains
of volva at base ; spores few, pale in colour.
On mushroom beds. Icon. Mus. Brit.
781a (p. 152). A. (Stropharia) merdarius, Fr.
Var. major, Fr. ; much larger, pileus gibbous, straw
colour; stem stufi'ed.
808a (p. 159). A. (Hypholoma) instratus, Brit::.; cses-
pitose ; 1 in ; pileus hemispherical, convex, broadly um-
bonate, dark brown, radiately rugose ; stem hollow, equal,
white and smooth above, fibrillose or squamulose below.
368 OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOOY.
veil white, appendiculate ; flesh brownish ; gills subventri-
cose, aduate, brown, then purple brown, paler at edge.
On stumps.
31« (p. 187). C. (Phlegmacium) testaceus, Cke. ; pileus
2^-4 in. ; fleshy, convex, then flattened and obtusely
umbonate or depressed, brick-red, rather vinous, growing
paler with age, smooth, even, viscid ; stem attenuated
upwards from a sub-maginate bulbous base, whitish above,
becoming rufous about the base, solid, longitudinally
fibrously striate below ; flesh rather flesh coloured, be-
coming ruddy at apex and base ; gills broad, scarcely crowded,
adnate, a little emarginate behind, dusky cinnamon.
On the ground.
51a (p. 192). C. (Myxacium) nitidus, Fr. ; 2-5 in.;
pileus fleshy, convex, then plane or depressed, smooth,
viscid, discoid, tan-colour; stem somewhat stufted, clavate,
elastic, white, at first viscid, Avhitish-mealy at apex, then
naked and dry ; gills equally attenuated, decurrent,
crowded, narrow, clay-colour.
On the ground.
Ilia (p. 205). C. (Telamonia) lucorum, Fr. ; pileus
even, when moist bay-brown, with a tinge of brick-red ;
stem firm, clavate, fibrillose, of one colour, pallid; gills
emarginate, rather distant, watery cinnamon, with a fuga-
cious tinge of violet flesh colour.
On the ground.
117a (p. 207). C. (Telamonia) croceofulvus, D. C. ;
4 in.; pileus fleshy, flattened, umbonate, even, orange-
tawny ; stem solid, equal, yellow, becoming reddish, zoned
with an orange line, pale at the apex ; gills adnate, becom-
ing ferruginous.
In woods.
ADDENDA. 369
159a (p. 217). C. (Hygrocybe) angulosus, Fr. ; 3 in.;
pileus rather fleshy, flattened, repand, fragile, quite smooth,
hygropbanous, warm tawny-yellow, ochraceous and opaque
when dry ; stem hollow, twisted, equal, striate, tawny ;
cortina tawny, very fugacious ; gills adnate, thick, rather
distant, tawny, edge entire, same colour.
In fir woods.
28fl (p. 240). L. involutus, Sopp. Every part white
with pale ochraceous tinge; 1-2 in.; pileus firm, equally
fleshy to margin, smooth, even, convex, becoming plane or
slightly depressed, margin arched, strongly involute, extreme
edge minutely silky ; stem solid, equal, or slightly incras-
sated below, glabrous, even ; milk not scanty, white, acrid,
unchangeable ; gills sub-decurrent, densely crowded, very
narrow, sometimes forked.
On the ground.
17a (p. 249). R. virginea, C. and M. ; mild ; 2 in. ; pileus
fleshy, firm, convex, then depressed, smooth, even, viscid
when moist, polished when dry, margin even, white ; stem
attenuated upwards, firm, solid, white, finely rugulose ; gills
very narrow, crowded, sub-decurrent, repeatedly forked,
connected by veins, brittle, white.
On the ground under trees.
45a (p. 256). R. ochroleuca, P.
Var. claroflava. Grove; 2-3 in.; pileus convex, at first
buUate, then plane, slightly depressed in centre, chrome-
yellow, margin turned down, at length patent, perfectly
even or slightly striate when old, often paler than the disc,
sometimes of a deeper colour, cuticle not easily separable
as in E. ochroleuca ; flesh white, yellow beneath the
cuticle ; stem smooth, white, cylindrical, blunt at base,
slightly spongy within, at length rugose and cinereous,
2 A
370 OUTLINES OF liKITlSH FrXnOLOGY.
or even blackish; gills scarcely crowded, not reaching the
stem so much as in R. ochroJeuca, not united behind ;
■white, then pale lemon-yellow, at length sub-ochraceous.
Amongst grass in damp places.
12« (p. 318). S. rugosum, Fr.
Var. lauro-cerasi, B. On ('erusiis Lauro-cerasus.
6fl (p. 342). L. perlatum, P. ; peridium variable, sub-
globose, with an elongated stem, sub-globose or depressed,
and nearly sessile, umbonate, ochraceous, or dirty brown,
at first covered with spinose warts, which are smaller
downwards, disappearing with age, mouth small, torn at apex
of umbo ; capillitium continuous with the convex, cellular,
sterile base, and forming a columella.
In woods, especially of oak. Summer and autumn.
37 J
INDEX TO GENERA, SUB-GENERA,
AND SPECIES.
Agaricini, 1
Agaricus, l
abhorrens, 69
abiegnus, 69
abstrusus, 133
acerbus, 25
acerinus, 76
acerosus, 78
acervatns, 48
Acetahularia, 99
acetabulosus, 99
acicula, 62
acuminatus, 170
acus, 98
acutesquamosus, 5
adiposus, 105
adnatus, 4
Adonis, 56
segerita, 103
seruginosus, 150
sethiops, 91
Eetites, 61
aggregatus, 33
agrarius, 161
albellus, 22
albo-brunneus, 15
albo-cvaneus, 150
albo-sqimmosus, 367
albus, 24
aleuriatns, 102
Algeriensis, 150
algidus, 78
alkalinus, 60
alnicola, 128
alveolus, 145
Amanita, 1
Amanifopsis, 3
amarella, 30
amarus, 30
A.^QXiQ\l.B— continued.
ambustus, 61
ameides, 84
amethj'stinu.s. 22, 42
amianthinus, 8
amictus, 62
ammoniacus, 60
ammophilus, 162
amplus, 364
anguineus, 132
angustissimus, 41
Annularia, 80
antipus, 140
apicreus, 129
appendiculatus, 158
applanatus, 145
applicatus, 78
aquosus, 48
aratus, 171
arcuatus, 24
ardosiacus, 84
areolatus, 161
argyraceuti, 17, 18
Armillaria, 12
arvalis, 136
arvensis, 148
asper, 3
asperellus, 93
asterosporus, 113
astragalinus, 128
atomatus, 172
atratus, 51
atrides, 97
atro-albus, 59
atro-cffiruleiis, 78
atro-cinereus, 19
atro-cvaiieus, 59
atro-punctus, 97
atro-rufus, 162
Agaricus —contin lied.
atro-squamosus, 18
augustus, 147
aurantiaciis, 152
aurantio- marginatus,
54
aurantius, 362
aureus, 99
auricomus, 115
aurivelhis, 104
autochthonus, 144
Babingtonii, 93
Badhami, 5
badipes, 135
balaninus, 54
Batschianus, 84, 365
Bellire, 71
belliis, 42
bifrons, 165
biornatus, 6
blandus, 27
blattarius, 366
Bloxami, 84
bombycinus, 79
Bongardii, 111
borealis, 363
brevipes, 26
Broadwoodiaj, 8
brumalis, 40
bryoruru, 141
buccinalis, 72
Buchanani, 148
Bucknalli, 9
buf cuius, 21
bulbigenus, 84
bulbiger, 12
bullaceus, 162
Bullii, 81
bullula, 71
372
INDEX TO GENERA, .SUB-GENEKA, AND SPECIES.
Ag&vicViS— continued.
biitvrac.cus, 44
byssLsuduus, 98, 146
Cielatus, 22
cajrulescens, 163
ca?sariatus, 115
ca>.spitosns, 68, 157,
364
calamistratus, 108
caldarii, 53
caliginosus, 160
calolepis, 146
calopus, 58
campauella, 70
campanulatus, 169
campestris. 16, 148
camptophvllns, 70
cancrinu.s, 89
candicans, 33
CandoUeanus, 158
canofaciens, 161
caperatus, 100
capillnris, 65
capistratus, 102
capniocephalus, 122
capnoides, 155
caput-Medusa^ 153
carbonarius, 127
carchariup, 8
carneo-albiis, 89
carneo-griseus, 96
carneiis, 22
carpoijhilus, 139
carptus, 111
cartilagineus, 19
cascus, 157
catarius, 158
catinus, 88
caudatus, 171
Ceciliiu, 4
centunculus, 133
cepjEstipes, 7
cerinus, 21
cernuus, 163
cerodes, 134
cernssatus, 32, 42
cervinup, 80
chalybctus, 92
chelidonius, 63
chiraonophihis, 146
chioneuH, 79
Chiton i a, 147
cliloropoliiis, 92
chondrodermii.s, 161
cliry sites, 36 '
chrysoplitxjus, 82
Ag&TioViS— continued.
chrysophyllus, 66
cidaris, 132
cincinnatus, 109
ciiierascens, 25, 365
ciunabarinus, 8
circiiiatus, 74
circumtectus, 363
cirrhatus, 46
citri, 362
citrinellus, 64
citrophyllus, 362
civilis, 25
Clarkii, IKJ
('luii<h>2)KS, 98
claviceps, 119
clavicularis, 63
clavipes, 28
clavus, 49
Clituci/be, 28
Clitopilus, 88
clitopilus, 124
clivensis, 163
clusilis, 53
clypeatns, 86
clypeolarius, 6
codoniceps, 58
coelestinus, 96
coha?rens, 5(5
collarlatus, 62
colliiius,46
CoUfihia, 42
colossus, 15
columbutta, 17
columbinus, 76
comosus, 103
comiituliis, 149
comptus, 162
concavus,40
confertus, 140
conflueiis, 46
confragosus, 107
conigonus, 46
coni-ssaiis, 128
conopileus. 164
consiinilis, 366
conspersus, 138
constrictus, 13
Cookei, 106
Coprinarii, 168
coprophilus, 162
coracinus, 50
coronillus, 151
corrugis, 164
corticatus, 72
corticola,65
Agaricus— con^)n/efZ.
costatus, 87, 148
craspcdiiis, 73
crassifolius, 20
crenatus, 172
( repidvtiis, 145
cretaceus, 148, 362
cietatu?, 89
cristatus, 6
crobulus, 144
crocatns, 63
crueutatus, 106
cruentiis, 63
crustuliiiiformis, 121
cryptariini, 34
cucuiuis, 95, 132
cuneifolius, 20
cupularis, 143
Curreyi, 113
curtipes, 363
curvipes, 105
cyanophjBUS, 30
cyathiformis, 39, 365
cyathoides, 365
cyphcllajformis, 78
dealbatns, 33
.debilis, 62
decastes, 33
decipicns, 124
deglubens, 112
delicatus, 10
demissus, 68
depluens, 98
Dermini, 99
descissus, 115
destrictus, 114
diatretus, 41
difforniis, 32, 42
direct us, 71
discopus, 64
dispersiis, 138, 156
disseminatus, 172
di.ssilens, 59
dissimulans, 106
distoitus, 44
ditopns, 40
Dorothese. 53
dryinus, 73
dryophilus, 48
dulcamarus, 109
dupluens, 146
duracinus, 26
durus, 101
Eccilia, 96
echinatus, 150
ectypus,42
INDEX TO GENERA, SUB-GEN EEA, AND SPECIES.
373
Agaricus — continued.
egenulus, 159
egregius, 168
elajodes, 155
elatus, 121
elegans, 55
elixus, 33
elongatus, 148
Elvensis, 147
embolus, 144
empla-stnim, 5
etopyienmaticus, 172
Entolo,na,m
ej hebeup, 81
epibryus, 14(3
epigEeus, 146
epipterygius, 63
epixanthus, 155
equestris, 14
erebriiis, 100, 108
ericaeus, 160
ericetorum, 38
erinaceus, 138
ermineus, 6
escharoide?, 139
esculent us, 48
euchrous, 92
euosmus, 76
eustygius, 365
eutheles, 114
exannulatus, 149
excelsus, 2
excisus, 57
excoriatus, 4
eximius, 80
expalleus, 39
exscissus, 27
exsculptus, 49
extuberans, 49
fallax, 21
fasciatus, 110
fasciculaiis, 156
fastibilis, 118
fastigiatu?, 113
fatuus, 166
felinus, 6, 158
fertilis, 85
festivus, 131
fibrillosus, 166
fibrosus,112
fibula, 70
filiceus, 130
filius, 127
filopes, 61
fimbriatup, 74
fimicola, 170
Agaricus — continitecl.
limiputris, 169
firiuus, 119
flaccidus, 37
flammans, 105
Flammula, 123
flavidus, 128
flavipes, 58
flavo-albus, 56
tlavo-brunneus, 15
floccifer, 124
floccipcs, 45
flocculosus, 111
floscuhis, 98
fluxilis, 78
focalls, 12
fodiens, 43
foenisecii, 163
formosus, 92
fragran*, 41
Friesii, 5
frumtntaceus, 16, 86
fucatus, 14
fulvellus, 15
fulvo-strigosus, 94
f umosus, 33
furfuraceus, 138, 143
fusco-purpureup, 55
f usipes, 43
fusus, 127
gadinoides, 77
Galera, 140
galevicnlatus, 58
gallinacens, 33
galopus, 63
gambosus, 22
gangTfenosup, 29
gausapatus, 18
geophyllus, 116
Georgina.-, 11
geotropus, 37
giganteus, 35
gifvus, 36
glandulosus, 75
glandifoimis, 134
glareosus, 166
glaucophyllus, 68
gloiocephalus, 79
gloiodermus, 10
glutinosus, 118
Goliath, 12
Gordon], 166
gossypinus, 167
gracilentup,4
gracilis, 164, 171
gracillimus, 71
Agaricus — continued,
graminicola, 139
grammopodius, 26
granulosus, 8
griseo-cyanens, 86
griseo-pallidus, 69
griseo-rimosus, 20
griseo-iubellus, 97
griseus, 70
gummosus, 126
guttatus, 17
gymnopodius, 123
gypsens, 5i>
gyroliexus, 165
h?emactus, 110
haematites, 13
hajmatopus, 62
hfemorrhoidariup, 149
hamadryas. 132
harioloium, 45
haustellaris, 146
HeheJomu, 118
hebes, 163
helobius, 166
helcdes, 84
helomorphus, 130
hepaticus, 69
Herefordiensis, 99
heteroclitus, 103
hiascens, 171
Hiatulo,\l
hiemalis, 65
hirneolus, 29
hirsutus, 109
hisi^idulus, 81
hispidus, 6
hiulcns, 113
Hobsoni,79
holosericeus, 7
Hookeii, 111
horizontalis. 133
hortensis, 148
humilis, 27
hybridus, 129
hydrc'grammus, 65
hydrophilus, 159, 163
hydrophorus, 171
hypnophilus, 79
hypnorum, 141
Hiipholoma, 154
Hiiporltodii , 79
hypoxanthus, 157
hvpsipus, 154
hystrix, 108
ianthinus, 10
icterinus, t!4
374
INDEX TO GENEKA, sriM;E.\Ki:\, AND SPECIES.
Ag&ricns— continued
illiiiitus, 11
imlnicatiis, 18
imnnuHliis, 18
iiiauufiius, 20
inuuiatus, 128
incanus, ',t'2
incarnatus, 110
incilis, 85
infula, 95
infumatus, (59
infundibuliformis, 35
ingratus, 46
innocmis, 133
Jnocylc, 108
inodermeiis, 363
inolens, 51
inopus, 129
inornatns, 29
inquiliiuis, 138, 145
instratus, 867
integix'llus, 71
inunctus, 150
inversus, 37
ionides, 21
Iris, 54
ischnostyhis, 122
Jasonis, 13
Jerdoui, 154
jubatus, 85
junceus, 93
juncicola, 65
juncinus, 126
Junonius, 105
Keithii, 20
laccatus, 42
laceratus, 52
lacerus. 111
lacrymabundus, 157
lacteus, 56
lampropiis, 91
lanaripes, 158
lannginosus, 109
lappula, 91
lascivus. 21
lateritius, 140
latissimus, 137
lauro-cerasi, 77
laxipes, 45
lazulinus, 92
Leightoni, 78
leiocephalus, 157
lenticularis, 3
lent us, 125
leocln-onius, 102
leoninus, 82
Agaricus — continued.
Lepiota. 4
leptoceplialus, 59
Leptoain, 90
leucoceplialus, 24
leucogalus, 63
leucomyosotis, 50
leucophanes, 168
leucophyllus, 67
LeucoajMrrl, 1
leucotephrus, 159
Levoillianus, 108
licniophorus, 7
liguatilis, 74
limpidus, 77
lineatus, 56
liquescens, 84
liquiriteaj, 129
lividus, 88
lixivius, 28
longicaudus, 121
longipes, 43
loricatus, 19
Loveianus, 79
lubricus, 125
lucifugus, 116
lugens, 121
lugubris, 131
lupinus, 125
luridus, 17
luteo-albus, 56
luteo-nitens, 152
lutescens, 82
luxurians, lo3
macilentus, 49
macrorhizus, 19
maculatus, 43
magnificus, 3
magnimamma, 123
majalis, 86
major, 21, 367
mammosus, 93
mappa. 2
margarispora, 114
marginatus, 107
marginellus, 54
maritimus. 111
martialis, 9
mastiger, 164
mastoideus, 4
mast meat us, 78
maurus, 66
maxinius, 35
niedius, 80
niedullatns, 10
megalodactylus, 3
Agaricus— c""/i««€rf.
nielaleucus, 26
melaspermus, 151
meleagris, 5, 19
melinoides, 134
melleus, 13
membranaceus, 35
merdarius, 152
mesodactylus, 101
mesomorphus, 9
mesophaeus, 120
metachrous, 40
metatus, 60
metulfesporus, 6
micropholis, 10
microrhizus, 167
militaris, 25
mimicus, 45
minor, 53, 121
minutus, 142
mirabilis, 54
mitis, 77
mixtus, 126
mniophilus, 142
mollis, 145
molliscorium, 101
monstrosus, 22, 34
raontana, 16
mucidiis, 14
Mulleri, 104
multiformis, 23
mundulus, 88
muralis, 69
murinaceus, 20
murinus, 52
muscarius, 2
muscigenus, 49
muscorum, 145
mussivua, 118
mustelinus, 107
mutabilis, 107
muticus, HI
mutilus, 75
Mijcena, 54
myceuoides, 108
mycenopsis, 142
myosotis, 137
nanus, 82
nasatus, 367
naucinus, 7
JWtueoria, 131
nauseosus, 122
nebularis, 28
nefrens, 93
neptuneus, 32
Nevilla;, 72
INDEX TO GENERA, SUB-GENEKA, AND SPECIES,
375
AgSiVicViS—contiHiced.
nictitans, 15
nidorosus, 87
nigrella, 97
• nigrescens, 29
nigripes, 94
nigrocinnamomeas,
366
nitellinus, 47
nitens, 125
nitidus, 3
nivalis, -i
Nolanea, 93
noli-tangere, 167
nucens, 134
nucisediis, 162
nudipes, 122
nudus, 25
nummularius, 48
obbatus, 39
obscurus, 112
obsoletus, 41
obturatus, 151
obtusatus, 165
obtusus, 131
occultus, 364
ocellatus, 49
ochrochlorus, 125
odorus, 31
cedematopus, 43
oedipus, 156
offuciatus, 66
olivaceo-marginatus,
365
ombropliilus, 100
OniphaUa, 65
oniscus, 68
opacus, 34
opiparus, 364
Orcella, 88
oreinus, 24
orirubens, 18
ostreatus, 75
ovalis, 140
ozes, 51
paedidus, 27
palmatus, 145
paludosus, 148
Panceolus, 168
panaeolus, 25
pantherinus, 2
pantoleucus, 75
papilionaceus, 169
parabolicus, 58
parilis, 36
Parkensis, 96
Agaricus — contimoed.
parvulus, 80
pascuus, 93
patricius, 80
patulus, 24
pauperculus, 59
pausiacus, 40 ,
paxillus, 106
pediades, 136
pelianthinus, 54
pelliculosus, 64
pellitus, 81
pellucidus, 144
pellospermus, 164
peltatus, 60
Pengellei, 30
pennatus, 167
perbrevis, 114
Fercevali, 152
pergamenus, 34
perlatus, 112
personatus, 25
Persoonianus, 87
pes-capras, 23
pessundatus, 15
petaloides, 76
petasatus, 81
petigenosus, 123
pezizoides, 146
phteoceplialus, 113
phalaenarum, 169
phalloides, 1
Phillipsii, 146
philonites, 67
phlebophorus, 83
PhoUota, 102
phyllophilus, 32
physaloides, 162
piceus, 95
picreus, 130
pictus, 70
FiJosace, 150
piluljeformis, 159
pisciodorus, 94, 95
pithyophilus, 32
placenta, 84
placidus, 90
platyphyllus, 43
Pleurotus, 72
plexipes, 51
plicato-crenatus, 64
plicosus, 60
plumosus, 109
Pluteolus, 101
Flu teas, 80
polioleucus, 363
A various— conti)iued.
polycephalus, 163
polygrammus, 58
polyst ictus, 9
popinalis, 88
porphyroleucus, 26
porrigens, 78
porrigiiiosus, 13S
portentosus, 14
Postii, 67
prjecox, 101
pratensis, 148
pravus, 22
procerus, 4
proliferus, 57
prolixus, 44
pronus, 172
protractus, 52
pruinosus, 39
prunuloides, 84
pi'unuhis, 88
Psnlliota, 147
psammicola, 57
Psathyra, 164
Psathnrella, 171
psathyroides, 47
pseudo-androsaceus,
69
pseudo-purus, 55
Psilocijhe, 160
pterigenus, ()5
pudicus, 102
puellaris, 4
pullatus, 59
pnlmonarius, 76
pumilus, 108
punctatus, 119, 124
punctulatus, 158
purpurascens, 148
purpuratus, 366
purus, 55
pusillns, 80
piisiolus, 134
putidus, 28
pigmeo-atiinis, 141
pyriodorus, 110
pyrotrichus, 57
pyxidatus, 67
quinquepartituj
racemosus, 4(5
racliodes, 4
radicatus, 42, 121
radicosus, 102
Ralfsii, 146
ramentaceus, 13
rancidus, 50
14
37()
LXDKX TO GEXEKA, SUH-GENEKA, AND Sl-ECIES.
Agarieus—cotitlnued.
lavidus, 142
relicinus, 108
rcniformis 77
Kenny i, 112
repandus, 84
repens, 43
resplendens, 14
resutus, 85
reticulatus, 101
rotirugis, HVJ
retostus, (>'.•
revolutus, 70
rhodocylix, 97
rhodopolius, 86
rimosus, 113
rimiilincola, 133
rivulosus, 31
robustus, 12, 21
roridus, 04
rosellus, 55
roseo-albus, 82
roseus, 83
rubescen.s, 2, 45
rubi, 146
rubidus, 96
rubiginosus, 141
rubricatus, 133
rubriceps, 147
rubro-marginatus, 55
rufescens, 8, 149
rufo-carneus, 94
rugosns, 57
russula, 16
rusticus, 68
Rutha3, 74
rutilans, 17
sacchariferus, 64
Sadleri, 42
sagatus, 150
salicinus, 81
salignus, 76
sambucinus, 115
sanguinolentus, 63
sapidus, 75
sapineus, 129
saponaceus, 19
Sandersii, 85
sarcocephaliis, 160
scabellLus, 110
scaber, llo
scalpturatus, 17
scambus, 130
Schajfferi, 155
sehistus, 112
Schidzeria, 11
Agaricus — continued.
ydiumaclieri, 23
scitulus, 169
scobicola, 101, 164
scobinaceus, 153
scolecinus, 134
sejunctus, 14
semibulbosus, 82
semiHexus, 133
semiglobatus, 153
semilanceatus, 163
seminudus, 9
semiorbicularis, 136
semitalis, 43
semitinctus, 165
semivestitus, 105
senescens, 120
senilis, 37
separatus, 168
septicus, 78
sericellus, 86
sericeus, 87
serotinus, 77
serrulatns, 92, 97
setosus, 65
sideroides, 135
silaceus, 154
siligineus, 140
silvaticus, 149
silvicola, 367
sinapizans, 121
sindoniiis, 116
sinopicus, 365
sinuatus, 83
siparius, 138
sistratus, 9
sobrius, 138
socialis, 30
solitarius, 2
solstitialis, 91
sordidus, 27
spadiceo-griseus, 165
spadiceus, l(;;j
sparteus, 14(>
speciosus, 79
spectabilis, 104
speculum, 87
speireus, 62
speruiaticus, 14
sphagnicola, 67
sphagnoruni, 141
sphinctrinus, 109
spilopus, 82
spintrigor, 154
spinulosus, 3()
spissus, 2
Agarious—ront hived-
splendens, 37
spongiosus, 7.>
spuiuosus, 12(>
squamosus, 19, 151,
155
squarrosus, 104
stagninus, 144
stanneus, 01
stans, 10
stellatus, 71 1
stercorarius, 153
Stevensoni, 47
stilbocephaliis, 90
stipitarius, 45
stolonifer, 4s
storea, 156
straminipes, 9(i
strangulatus, 4
striaspes, 135
striaipileus, 07
striatulns, 79
strobilifoniiis, 2
strobiliuus, 55
Strajjfitiria, 15()
stylobates, 04
suavis, 92
subalutaceus, 31
subatratus, 171
subbalteatu!!, 170
subcaviis, 13
subcollariatus, 120
subdecastes, 304
subeiicffius, lOo
subgibbosus, 14<)
subglubosus, 131
subinvolutus, 3(), 37
sublateritius, 155
subluteus, 1(10
subpalmatus, 73
snbpulverulentiis, 27
subsquarrosu.s, 104
succineus, 4s
sndorus, 58
sulphureus, 21
Swaitzii, 70
tabacinus, 13()
Taylori, 79
telniatiaiHs, 07
temperatu.s, 79
temulentus, 13()
tenacellus, 48
tenax, 130
tenellus, 02
tenor, 140
tenerrimus, 04
INDEX TO GEXEEA, SUB-GENERA, AND SPECIES.
377
Agaricus — continued.
tenuif=, (il
Terreii, 8
terreus, 18
terrigenus, 100
tesquorum. /J2
tessulatus, 73
testaceus, 119
thelephorus, 4(5
Thompsoni, 86
thraustus, 151
tigrinns, 23
tintinuabulum, 58
Togaria, 1)9
togularis, 101
tornatus, 32
tortilis, 42
trechisporus, 117
tremiilus, 78
trepidiLs, 171
TrichoJoma, 14
tricholoaia, 117
trigonophyllus, 143
Trinii, 115
triscopus, 13(3
Trogii, 31
truUffiformis, 35
truncatusi, 121
tuba, 38
Tuhuria, 143
tuberculosis, 105
tuberosus, 4(3
tumidus, 20
tumulosus, 34
tylicolor, 53
udus, 160
ulmarius, 73
umbelliferus, 69
umbilicatus, 65
umbratilis, 70
umbrinus, 81
umbrosus, 81
undatus, 45, 89
unicolor, 107
urticsecola, 1(;7
ustali.s, 15
vaccinus, 18, 149
vaginatus, 3
Yahlii, 99
variabilis, 98, 14(3
variegatus, 17
vatricosus, 117
velutinus, 157
velutipes, 45
ventricosus, 47
venustissimus, 31
Agaricus— cc;«YT«i<e(/.
verecniidus, 9(3
; vermiculaiis, 37
vernico.su.s, 31
vernus, 1
verruculosus, 104
versicolor, 150
versiformis, 95
versipellis, 12o
vertirugis, 45
vervacti, 13t;
vilis, 90
villaticus, 148
vinosus, 123, 1(34
violaceo-fuscus, 116
violarius, 82
virgatus, 20
virescens, 17
viridis. (59
virosus, 1
I vitilis, ()2
vitreus, (Jl
I Vittadiiii, 7
I vittajformis, 141
j volvaceus, 79
Valvar i a, 79
vulgaris, 64
Whitei, 117
Worthingtonii, 152
Wynnei, 87
Wynnias, 11
xauthopus, 47
xygophjllus, '29
xylophilus, 44
zephirus, 55
Amy lo Corpus, 358
encephaloides, 358
Apyrenium, 337
ligiiatile, 337
Arrhenia, 263
Ascomycetes, 343
Auricularia, 319
lobata, 319
mcseiitcrica, 319
Auricularini, 314
Balsamia, 358
fragiforruis, 359
platyspora, 358
vulgaiis, 359
Batarrea, 339
phalLiidcs, 339
Bolbitius, 178
apicalis, 179
Boltonii, 179
conocephalus, 179
Bolbitiu S—confin uetl.
fragilis, 179
grandiusculus, 179
hj'drophilus, 178
rivulosus, 179
tener, 179
titubans, 179
vitellinus, 179
Boletus, 273
aereus, 277
aestivalis, 278
alutariiis, 279
aurantiporus, 274
badius, 274
bovinus, 274
calopus, 277
candicans, 277
carnosus, 280
castaneus, 280
chrysenteron, 275
collinitus, 274
cruentatus, 279
cyanescens, 280
duriusculus, 279
edulis, 277
elegans, 274
erythropus, 278
feileus, 279
flavidus, 274
fiavHs, 274
fragrans, 278
fulvidus, 280
granulatus, 274
impolitus, 278
laricinus, 278
luridus, 278
luteus, 273
olivaceus, 277
pachypus, 277
parasiticus, 277
piperatus, 275
pruinatus, 276
purpureus, 278
radicans, 27()
radicatus, 275
rubinus, 276
sanguineus, 275
satanus, 278
scaber, 279
spadiceus, 275
strisepes, 275
subtomentosus, 275
sulphureus, 275
tenuipes, 274
variecolor, 277
variegatus, 275
378
INDEX TO GENERA, SUli-dENEIJA, AND Sl'KCIES.
Boletua—coiit! inieil.
versicolor, 270
versipellis, 21 'J
viscidus, 278
Bovista, 341
nigroscens, 341
olivacea, 341
ovalispora, 341
plumbeu, 341
Caloeera, 331
cornea, 331
corticalis, 331
glossoides, 332
palmata, 331
striata, 331
stricta, 331
tuberosa, 330, 331
viscosa, 331
Cantharellus, 20i
albidiis, 201
aurantiacus, 261
Brovvnii, 201
carbonarius, 261
cibarius, 261
cinereus, 262
cupulatus, 262
devexus, 263
Friesii, 261
glaucus, 26 5
Houghtoni, 261
infundibuliformis, 262
lobatvis, 263
lutescens, 262
muscigenus, 203
radicosus, 261
refiexus, 262
retirugis, 203
rufipes, 201
Stevensoni, 202
tubseforiuis, 262
umbonatiis, 201
Cenococcum, 343
geopliiliun, 343
Choiromyees, 358
lueaiidriformis, 358
Cladoderris, 316
minima, 310
Clathrus, 339
cancellatus, 339
Clavaria, 327
abietina, 328
acuta, 331
aiuethystina, 327
Ardenia, 330
argillacea, 329
Clavaria — continued.
aurantiaca, 329
aurea, 328
botrytes, 327
canaliculata, 330
ceranoides, 329
cinerea, 327
condensata, 328
contorta, 330
coralloides, 327
crispula, 329
cristata, 327
crocea, 328
curta, 327
fastigiata, 327
fistulosa, 330
flaccida, 328
formosa, 328
fragilis, 329
fumosa, 330
fusiformis, 329
grisea, 328
inajqualis, 329
incarnata, 331
juncea, 330
krombholzii, 327
Kunzei, 327
ligula, 330
muscoides, 327
pistillaris, 330
purpurea, 329
pyxidata, 327
rosea, 329
rufa, 329
rugosa, 327
spinulosa, 328
striata, 329
stricta, 329
tenuipes, 331
tuberosa, 330
umbrina, 327
uncialis, 331
verniicularis, 329
Coprinus, 173
alternatus, 170
aphthosu.s, 174
aratns, 175
atramentarius, 174
cinereus, 175
comatus, 173
congregatus, 176
cothurnatus, 178
deliquescens, 176
domesticus, 177
eplieinerus, 177
extinctorius, 175
Coprinns— continued.
filiformis, 178
fimetarius, 175
llocculosus, 174
fuscescens, 174
hemerobius, 178
Hendersonii, 176
lagopus, 177
macrocepalus, 177
macrorhizus, 175
micaceus, 175
narcoticus, 177
niveus, 175
nycthemerus, 177
oblectus, 173
ovatus, 173
papillatus, 175
picaceus, 174
platypus, 178
plicatilis, 178
puUatus, 175
radians, 175
radiatus, 177
rimososquamosus,174
similis, 174
soboliferus, 174
sociatus, 177
Spraguei, 177
stercorarius, 177
sterquilinus, 173
tardus, 170
tomcntosus, 175
Cordiceps, 359
alutacea, 359
Corticium, 319
amorplnuu, 319
antliochroum, 324
arachnoideum, 320
ariduuj, 323
atrovirens, 321
aurora. 322
byssoideum, 323
cajruleum, 321
calceum, 321
cinereum, 321
ciiinamoineum, 320
citrinurn, 321
coiiiedens, 322
conliuens, 321
corrugatum, 322
evolvens, 319
ferrugineum, 324
foetiduni, 320
giganteum, 320
incarnatum, 321
lactesccns, 320
INDEX TO GENERA, SUB-GENERA, AND SPECIES.
379
Cortioivm— «n.
tinned.
lacteum, ;520
lacunosiim, 324
laeve, 320
laxum, 323
limitatum, 322
lividum, 321
maculEeforme, 322
nudum, 321
ochraceum, 321
olivaceum, 324
polygonium, 322
porosum, 320
puberum, 321
puteanuoi, 323
quercinum, 321
roseum, 320
salicinum, 319
sambuci, 323
sanguineum, 320
scutellare, 321
serum, 323
istabulare, 323
subdealbatum, 320
sulphureum, 320
typhffi, 322
umbrinum, 323
velutinum, 320
violaceo-lividum, 322
Cortinarius, 180
acutus, 222
albo-cyaueus, 200
albo-violaceus, 195
allutus, 184
anfractus, 184
angulosus, 369
anomalus, 200
anthracinup, 201
arenatus, 198
argentatus, 194
armeniacus, 214
armillatus, 207
arviuaceus, 191
atro-virens, 187
azureus, 200
balaustinus, 216
balteatus, 181
Berkley!, 184
bicolor, 216
biformis, 210
bivelup, 204
bolaris, 197
bovinus, 208
brunneus, 209
bulbosus, 204
I Cortinarius— co)i-
I tinued.
\ Bulliardi, 197
caerulescens, 185
callisteus, 197
calochrous, 185
camphoratus, 196
camurus, 198
caninus, 199
castaneus, 216
cinnabarinus, 201
I cinnamomeus, 201
claricolor, 180
collinitus, 191
colus, 217
Cookei, 213
corrosus, 186
coruscans, 190
cotoneus, 202
crassus, 181
croceo-c^ruleus, 190
croceo-conus, 201
croceo-fulvus, 368
croceus, 201
crystallinus, 188
cumatilis, 188
cyanites, 194
cyanopus, 182
damascenus, 214
decipiens, 220
decolorans, 189
decoloratus, 189
decumbens, 198
delibutus, 192
depressus, 222
Dermocijhe, 198
detonsus, 221
diabolicvis, 199
dibaphus, 185
dilutus, 215
dolabrates, 219
duracinus, 214
elatior, 191
emollitus, 188
erythrinus, 220
everneus, 206
fasciatus, 223
finitimus, 196
firmus, 213
flabellus, 211
flexipes, 21(1
fulgens, 186
fulmineus, 186
gentilis, 207
germanus, 221
glandicolor, 209
I Cortinarius— coH-
tiniied.
glaucopiis, 185
grallipes, 191
hsematochelis, 207
helvelloides, 208
helvolus, 207
hemitrichus, 212
herpeticus, 187
hinnuleus, 207
hircinus, 196
Hygrocyhe, 213
iliopodius, 212
illibatus, 193
illuminus, 215
imbutus, 216
impennis, 205
incisus, 211
infractus, 183
iufucatus, 202
injucundus, 209
Jnoloma, 194
isabellinus, 217
j jubarinus, 218
Junghuhnii, 222
Krombholzii, 219
lauiger, 204
largus, 182
lepidotus, 200
leucopus, 220
licinipes, 204
limonius, 207
livido-ochraceous, 192
lucorum, 368
lustratus, 182
macropus, 203
malachius, 195
microcyclns, 205
miltinus, 200
milvinus, 222
mucifluus, 191
multiformis, 184
muricinus, 195
myrtillinus, 199
Ilijxaciiim, 191
napus, 184
nemorosus, 1S2
nitidus, 368
nitrosus, 209
obtusus, 221
ochroleucus, 198
orellanus, 202
orichalceus, 187
paleaceiis, 212
papulosus, 190
jjateriformis, 218
380
INDEX TO GENERA, 811! (lENERA, AND SPECIES.
Cortinarius— co»-
tinued.
penlcelliitus, 198
periscelis, 210
Fldeymacium, 180
pholideus, )97
phrj-gianus, l'J7
pinetorum, lil-l
pluiniger, 205
pluvius, ly-i
porphyropus, 189
prasinus, 187
privignus, 214
psammocephalus, 211
punctatus, 2U9
purpurascens, 185
quadricolor, 2Uti
raphanoides, 203
redimitus, 197
Keedii, 220
redimitus, 197
renidons, 217
Riederi, 183
rigidus, 212
ringens, 219
rubellus, 208
russus, 188
saginus, 183
salor, 192
sanguineus, 201
saturninus, 215
scandens, 220
scaurus, 187
scutelatus, 20(5
sebaceus, 181
semi-sanguineus, 201
serarius, 188
spilomeus, 200
stemmatus, 212
stillatitius, 193
subfeiTugineus, 213
sublanatus, 198
subnotatus, 202
subpurpuiascens, 185
tabularis, 198
talus, 185
Tekimonia, 203
testaceus, 3G8
tophaceus, 196
tortuosus, 215
torvus, 205
traganus, 190
triform is, 210
triumphans, 180
turbinatus, 180
turmalis, 181
Cortinarius— co»-
tiuucd.
uliginosus, 202
unimodus, 219
uraceus, 218
urbicus, 204
valgus, 203
variicolor, 182
varius, 182
venetus, 203
vibratiiis, 193
vinosus, 197
violaceus, 194
xanthophyllus, 186
Craterellus, 314
clavatus, 314
cornucopioides, 314
crispus, 314
lutescens, 314
sinuosus, 314
Cynophallus, 339
banibusinus. 339
caninus, 3;)9
Cyphella, 324
Bloxami, 324
brunnea, 324
capula, 325
catilla, 325
cernua, 325
Curreri, 325
cuticulosa, 326
dochmiospora, 326
fraxinicola, 325
fulva, 324
galeata, 325
Goldbachii, 326
griseo-pallida, 324
lacera, 325
musicola, 325
muscigena, 325
ocliroleuca, 324
pallida, 326
Pimii, 325
stuppea, 324
Dacrymyces, 336
chrysocnnuis, 336
deliquescens, 336, 33'
macrosporus, 336
sebaceus, 336
stillatus, 336
succineus, 336
vernuforinis, 336
violaceus, 334, 337
Dsedalea, 298
anrca, 298
Dsedalea— cojf^iMHpf/.
cinerea, 299
confragosa, 298
ferruginea, 299
latissima, 299
quercina, 298
unicolor, 299
veiniicularis, 299
Ditiola, 337
radicata, 337
Elaphomyces, 359
anthracinus, 359
granulatus, 359
variegatus, 359
Elvellacei, .'.43
Endogeae, 301
lactifluus, 361
pisiformis, 361
Exidia, 335
glandulosa, 335
recisa, 335
saccharina, 335
truncata, 335
Favolus, 300
Femsjonia, 335
Fistulina, 280
hopatica, 2.S0
G-asteromycetes,
337
Geaster, 340
Bryantii, 340
coiiformis, 340
cryptorrhynchus, 340
fimbriatus, 340
fornicatus, 340
hygromctricus, 340
lagenreforinis, 340
limbatus, 340
mammosus, ;540
Michelianus, 340
rufescens, 340
saccatus, 340
striatus, 340
tunicatus. 340
Genea, 359
hispidula, 359
Klotschii, 359
verrucosa, 359
Geoglossum, 350
glabriini, 350
glutinosiiin, 350
microsporum, 850
IXDEX TO GENERA, STB-GEXEHA, AND SPECIES.
381
Geoglossum. — con-
tin ued.
olivaceum, 350
tremellosiim, 350
viride, 350
viscosiim. 350
Gomphidius, 223
glutino.sns, 223
gracilis, 223
maculatus, 223
rosens, 223
viscidus, 223
Grandinia, 312
crustosa, 313
granulosa, 312
mucida, 312
ocellata, 312
papulosa, 312
Guepinia, 33G
jK'ziza, 336
Gyrodon, 280
Gyromitra, 345
esculenta, 345
gigas, 345
Helvella, 345
atra, 346
crispa, 345
elastica, 346
ephippium, 346
guepiuioides, 346
infula, 345
Kl.jtschiana, 346
lacunosa, 345
monachella, 346
pulla, 346
Mibcostata, 345
sulcata, 345
Hericium, 309
Hexagonia, 299
Hiatula, li
Wvnni:u, 11
Hirneola, 335
auricula-Judaj, 335
Hydnangeum, 338
carneum, 338
carota^color, 338
Hydnei, 302
Hydnobolites, 358
cerebriformis, 358
Hydnotria, 358
Tnlasiii, 358
Hydnum, 302
alutacfum, 307
anomalum, 308
argutum, 309
Hydnum -continued.
aurantiacum, 303
aureum, 307
auriscalpium. 305
bicolor, 308
caput -iledusaj, 305
cin-hatum, 305
compactum, 303
coralloides, 305
crinale, 306
cyathiforme, 305
denticulatum, 307
diversidens, 306
erinaceum, 305
farinaceiim, 309
ferrugineum, 304
ferruginosuru, 307
fragile, 303
fusco-atrum, 306
gelatinosum, 309
graveolens, 305
imbricaturu, 302
Iffivigatum, 303
limonicolor, 307
melaleucum, 305
melleum, 308
membranaceum, 306
multiforme. 307
nigrum, 304
niveum, 309
nodulosum, 308
ochraceum, 306
plumosum, 309
repandum, 303
rufescens, 303
scabrosum, 302
scrobiculatum, 304
sepultum, 308
sordidum, 307
spathulatum, 307
squalinum, 306
squamosum, 302
Stevensoni, 308
stipatum, 309
udum, 308
variecolor, 307
Weinmanni, 306
zonatum, 304
Hygrophorus, 226
atratho^mus, 229
ai-bustivus, 228
aromaticus, 229
aureus, 228
calyptrffiformis, 235
caprinus, 230
ceraceus, 234
233
Hygrophorus— con-
tinued.
ceracinus, 229
chlorophanus, 235
chrjsodon, 226
cinereus, 230
Clarkii, 232
coccineus, 234
Colemannianus
conicus, 235
cossus, 226
discoideus, 228
distans, 232
eburneus, 226
erubescens, 227
fcetens, 231
fornicatus, 232
fusco-albus, 229
glauco-niteus, 236
glutinifer, 228
Houghtoni, 233
hypothejus, 229
intermedius, 235
irrigatus, 233
lacmus, 233
lEetus, 234
leporinus, 230
limacinus, 229
livido-albus, 230
mesotephi-us, 230
metapodius, 232
micaceu?, 231
miniatus, 234
mollis, 234
mucronellus, 234
murinaceus, 236
nemoreus, 230
nitratus, 236
niveus, 231-235
obrusseus, 235
olivaceo-albus, 229
ovinus, 232
pallidus, 231
penariu.^, 227
pratensis, 230
psittacinus, 235
pudorinus, 227
pulverulentus, 227
puniceu«, 235
russo-coriaceus, 231
sciophanus, 233
spadiceus, 236
subradiatus, 232
turundus, 234
unguinosus, 236
ventricosus, 231
.382
IXDKX TO GEXKUA, sriJ-GEXEKA, AXD SPECIES.
Hygrophorus— co»-
fuiue,l.
virgineus, 231
vitellinns, 284
Wynniiu, 2;)1
Hymen ogaster, 338
citrinus, 338
deconis, 338
Klotzschii, 338
luteus, 338
muticus, 338
olivaceus, 338
pallidus, 338
pusillus, 338
tener, 338
Thwaitesii, 338
vulgaris, 338
Hypocrea, 359
alutacea, 359
argillacea, 360
aureo-virida, 360
citrina, 359
contorta, 360
lactea, 360
moriformis, 360
ringens, 359
rufa, 359
.splendens, 360
strobilina, 360
tremelloides. 359
umbrina, 359
viscidula, 360
Hypogaei, 337
Hysterangium,
"3S
nephriticum, 338
Thwaitesii, 33S
Hymenochaete, 317
corrugata, 322
rubiginosa, 317
tabacina, 317
Hymenula, 337
puiiftiformis, 337
Irpex, 310
carneus, 310
deformis, 310
fusco-violaceu?, 310
Johnstoni, 310
obliquus, 310
l)endiilus, 310
spathulatus, 310
Kneiffia, 313
setigera, 313
subgelatinosa, 313
Lactarius, 236
acris, 239
aspiduns, 238
aurantiacus, 241
blennius, 238
camphoratiis, 245
capsicum, 239
chiysorheus, 239
cilicioides, 237
cimicarius, 245
circellatus, 238
controversus, 237
cremor, 241
cyathula, 242
deliciosus, 240
exsuccus, 240
flexuosus, 239
fuliginosus, 243
glyciosmus, 243
helvus, 242
hysginus, 238
ichoratus, 244
insulsns. 238
interniedius, 237
involutus, 369
lilacinus, 243
mammosus, 243
margine-tomentoso,
238
minimus, 245
mitissimus, 244
obliquus, 246
obnubilus, 245
pallidus, 241
pauper, 241
pergamenus, 24(1
picinus, 243
piperatus, 240
pubescens, 237
Ijyrogalus, 239
quietus, 241
rufus, 242
scoticus, 240
scrobiculatus, 236
seriduus, 244
spinulnsus, 243
squalidus, 239
subdulcis, 244
suburabonatus, 245
Terrei, 244
tlieiogalus, 241
toraeiitosus, 242
torminosns, 237
trivialis, 238
turpis, 237
umi)rinus, 240
Lactarius— wi-
tinued.
utilis, 238
uvidus, 238
vellereus, 240
vietus, 241
violaceu-s, 244
volemus, 244
zonarius, 238
Lentinus, 270
adhserens. 271
cochleatus, 271
Dunalii, 270
fimbriatus, 271
flabelliformis,271
leontopodius, 270
lepideus, 270
pulverulentus, 270
resinaceus, 271
scoticus, 271
tigrinus, 270
vulpinus, 271
Lenzites, 273
abietina, 273
betulina, 273
flaccida, 273
saspiaria, 273
Leotia, 347
acicularis, 348
chlorouephala, 347
circinans, 348
lubrica, 347
nana, 348
Lycoperdon, 342
atro purpureum,
342
ca?latum, 342
Cookei, 342
echinatum, 343
genimatum, 342
giganteum, 342
Hoylei, 342
perlatum, 370
pusillum, 342
pyri forme, 342
saccatum, 342
Marasmius, 264
actin()pliorus,269
alliacx'us, 268
amadelplius, 267
androsaceus, 269
angulatus, 267
archyropus, 266
Broomei, 270
calopus, 267
INDEX TO GENEKA, SUB-GENERA, AND SPECIES.
383
Marasinius--co«-
tinued.
Candidas, 268
caulicinalis, 268
cohcereris, 208
Curreyi, 269
epichioe, 269
epiphyllus. 269
erythropus, 266
foetidus, 267
fusco-purpureup, 265
graminum, 268
Hudsoni, 269
impudicus, 266
insititius, 269
languidus, 267
oreades, 264
perforans, 269
pei'onatus, 264
plancns, 264
polyadelphus, 270
porreus, 264
prasiosmus, 265
ramealis, 268
rotula, 268
saccharinns, 269
scorodonins. 267
scroteus, 265
splachnoide.s, 269
spodoleucus, 270
Stephensii, 266
terginus, 266
torquescens, 266
urens, 264
Vaillantii, 267
varicosus, 265
Wynnei, 26(')
Meianogaster, 337
anibigiuis, 337
variegatiis, 337
Merulius, 300
aurantiacup, 300
Carmichaelianus,
301
corium, 300
himantioide.s. 300
lacrymans, 3(il
ItEticolor, 300
moUusciis, 300
pallens, 301
porinoides, 300
pulverulentus, 301
rufus, 300
serpens, 300
tremellosus, 300
Microcera, 333
Mitrula, 347
alba, 347
cucullata, 347
paludosa, 347
Montagnites, 173
Morchella, 343
conica, 344
crassipes, 344
deliciosa, 344
esculenta, 343
glgas, 344
patula, 344
rotunda, 343
semilibera, 345
Smithiana, 344
Mucronella, 313
Mutinus, 339
bambusinus, 339
caninus, 339
Nsematelia, 335
encephala, 335
nucleata, 335
virescens, 335
Nyctalis, 264
aslerophora, 264
caliginosa, 264
parasitica, 264
Octaviania, 337
asterosperma, 337
compacta, 337
Stephensii, 337
Odontia, 313
barba-Jovis, 313
fimbriata, 313
Ombrophila, 335
sarcoides, 335
Pachyphloeus, 358
citrinus, 358
conglomeratns, 358
melanoxanthus, 358
Panus, 272
albo-tomentosus,
272
conchatus, 272
farinacfus, 272
patellaris, 272
St even son i, 272
stipticus, 272
tonilosus, 272
Paxillup, 223
Alexandri, 224
atro-tomentosus, 226
crassus, 226
PaxillllS— cont'nnied.
extennatus, 224
fagi, 226
giganteus, 223
involntus, 226
lepista, 224
leptopus. 226
lividus, 225
orelloides, 225
panjeolus, 224
panuoides, 226
paradoxus, 225
revolutus, 225
spilomcphis, 225
Peziza, 351
acetabulum, 352
Adfe, 353
alutacea, 353
ammophila, 352
ami^liata, 355
apophysata, 352
alro-marginata, 353
aurantia, 353
auricula, 352
badia. 353
bufonia, 355
bulbosa, 356
cerea, 355
coccinea, 356
cochleata, 353
cocotina, 356
corium, 356
coronaria, 354
cribrosa, 356
fibrillosa, 353
flavida, 354
grandis. 353
hemispherica, 356
isaVellina, 354
leiocarpa, 354
leporina, 352
luteo-nitens, 353
macropus, 356
micropus, 354
ochracea, 353
onotica. 352
Percevali, 352
phlebophora. 352
pleurota, 352
purpurascens. 355
pustulata, 355
radiculata. 356
radula, 355
repanda, 354
reticulata. 354
sepulta, 356
384
INDEX TO GENKKA, SIH-GEXEKA, AND SPECIES.
continued.
stipitata, 353
succosa, 355
Sumne liana, 356
tectoria, 355
trachycarpa, 354
tubero-sa, 356
vcnos;i, ;{55
vesiciilcxa, 355
Phallotdei, 339
Phallus, 339
impudicus, 339
iosmus, 339
Phlebia, 312
contorta, 312
Urellosa, 312
merismoides, 312
radiata, 312
vaga, 312
Pistillaria, 333
culmigena, 333
f areata, 333
micans, 333
quisquiliaris, 333
puberula, 333
pusilla, 333
Polyporei, 273
Polyporus, 281
abietiiuis, 292
acanthoides, 284
adiposus, 288
adustus, 288
alligatus, 285
alutaceus, 286
amorphus, 288
aneirinus, 293
annosus, 291
applanatus, 289
armeniacur,, 294
bathyporus, 297
betulinus, 289
blepharistoma, 296
bombvcinus, 293
boreaiis, 288
brumalis, 281
caisius, 287
callosus, 295
carneu?, 291
cerebrinus, 286
cervinus, 291
chioneus, 286
cinctus, 294
coUabefactus, 295
conchatus, 290
connatus, 290
contiguus, 292
Polyporus— to/i-
tinufid.
corticola, 296
crispus, 288
cristatus, 284
cryptariim, 291
cuticularis, 288
cvtisinus, 290
destructor, 287, 297
dryadeus, 289
elegans, 283
epileucus, 286
farinellus, 296
ferruginosus, 292
fibula, 292
fomentarius, 289
fragilis, 287
fraxineus, 290
frondosus, 284
fulvus, 290
f umosus, 288
fuscidulus, 281
giganteus, 284
giivus, 287
Gordoniensis, 296
gossypinus, 291
Herbergii, 285
heteroclitus, 285
hirsutus, 292
hispidus, 288
hybrid us, 297
hymenocystis, 296
igniarius, 289
imbricatus, 285
incarnatus. 293
intybaceus, 284
Keithii, 288
lactens, 287
Lajstadii, 293
lentus, 281
leptocephalus, 281
leucomelas, 281
lucidus, 283
medulla-panis, 295
melanopus, 282
micans, 293
Miclielii, 282
mollis, 287
raolluscus, 295
mucidus, 295
nidulans, 287
nigricans, 289
nitidus, 293
nummularius, 283
obducens, 295
pallescens, 286
Polyporus— coH-
iinued.
pectinatus, 290
perennis, 282
petaloides, 283
picipes, 283
polymorphus, 291
pomaceus, 289
populinus, 291
purpureas, 293
quercinus, 289
radiatus, 291
radula, 295
ramentaceus, 294
Rennyi, 294
reticulatus, 296
rliodellus, 293
ribis, 290
roseus, 290
Rostkovii, 283
rufescens, 281
rufus, 293
rutilans, 287
salicinus, 29 J
salignus, 285
sanguinolentus, 295
Schweinitzii, 281
secernibilis, 296
spumeus, 288
squamosas, 282
Stephensii, 296, 298
subfusco-fiavidus, 294
subgelatinosus, 294
sulphureus, 285
terrestris, 294
trabeas, 287
ulmarius, 290
umbellatus, 283
umbrinus, 292
Vaillantii, 296
vaporarius, 296
variegatus, 291
varius, 283
vegetus, 289
veiutinus, 292
versicolor, 292
violaceus, 293
viridans, 294
vitreus, 295
vulgaris, 295
Wynnci, 292
Polysaccum. 343
olivacfuiu, 343
Porothelium, 301
confusiim. 3ol
Friesii, 301
INDEX TO (iENEKA, SUB-i;ENEKA, AND SPECIES.
885
Porothelium— co/i-
tinued.
Keithii, 301
Stevensoni, 301
Pterula, 332
multifida, 332
subulata, 332
Radulum, 3ii
aterrimuni, 311
corallinum, 311
(legiubens, 311
epileucum, 311
fagineum, 311
orbicnlare, 311
quercinum, 311
tomentosum, 311
Rhizina, 351
lajvigata, 351
uiidulata, 351
Rhizopogon, 338
rubescens, 3:58
Russula, 246
adiista, 246
nirugint-a, 256
alba, 258
albo-nigra, 246
alutacea, 259
armeniaca, 259
atropurpureus,
255
aurata, 258
azurea, 252
Barlae, 258
chamaileontina,
260
citrina, 257
claroflava, 369
I'lnsii, 255
coerulea, 249
consobrina, 253
cuprea, 258
cutefracta, 251
cyanoxantha, 252
decolorans, 258
delica, 247
densifolia, 246
depallens, 248
drimeia, 249
Du Portii, 250
elegans, 254
elephantina, 247
emetica, 255
expallens, 254
fallax, 255
fellea, 254
Russula— w»-
tinued.
fiugibilis, 255
foetens, 253
fragilis, 257
furcata, 248
galochroa, 253
granulosa, 256
heterophylla, 253
incarnata, 250
Integra, 258
intensior, 259
intermedia, 253
lactea, 249
lepida, 250
lilacea, 252
Linnffii, 250
lutea, 260
maculata, 248
mustelina, 247
nauseosa, 260
nigricans, 246
nitida, 258
nivea, 257
ochracea, 260
ochroleuca, 256
ochroviridis, 248
olivacea, 251
olivascens, 247
pectinata, 256
pictipes, 248
puellaris, 259
pulchralis, 258
punctata, 257
purpurea. 248
Queletii, 254
rosacea, 248
rosipes, 259
rubra, 250
sanguinea, 248
sapida, 250
sardonia, 248
semicrema, 247
serotina, 251
sororia, 253
subfoetens, 253
vesca, 252
veternosa, 257
violacea, 257
virescens, 250
virginea, 369
vitellina, 2(J0
xerampelina, 251
Schizophyllum,
conimune, 273
Scleroderma, 343
Bovista, 343
geaster, 343
verrucosum, 343
vulgare. 343
Sistotrema, oU9
contluens. 309
Solenia, 3U2
ochracea. 302
Sphgerosoma, 358
ostiolatum. 358
Sparassis, 326
crispa. 326
Spathularia, 347
flavida. 347
Stereum, 317
acerinum, 319
avellanum, 318
frustulosum, 318
hirsutum, 816, 317
lauro-cerasi, 370
ochroleucum, 317
pini, 318
purpureum, 317
rubiginosum, 317
rufo-hispidum. 317
rufum, 318
rugosum. 318
sanguinolentum, 317
spadiceum. 317
stratosum. 319
tabicinum, 317
vorticosum, 317
I Stevensia, 358
bombycina, 358
Strobilomyces, 280
strobilaceus, 280
Thelephora, 3i4
anthocephala. 315
anthochroa. 316, 324
arida, 316, 328
biennis, 316
byssoides, 316, 323
csesia, 316
caryophyllea. 315
clavularis, 315
cristata, 316
Crustacea, 316
fastidiosa, 316
intybacea, 315
laciniata. 315
laxa, 316, 323
mollisima, 316
multizonata, 314
olivacea, 316, 324
2 B
'6HG
INDKX TO CENEIIA, SUll-GENKHA, AND SI'IXI KS.
(J, 3-2 S
Thelephora-
tinued.
palmata. :'.15
puteana, ;!1(;
sebacea. 31()
Sowerbeii, 314
tubevosa, 315
tenestris, 315
undulata. 315
Thelephorei, -'-N
Trametes, '-'iT
J'.uUiardi. -J'.IT
gibbosa, 2tt7
inodora, '2V*8
mollis, 21)8
odora, 298
pini, 297
serpens, 296
suaveolcns, 298
Terrei, 298
Tremella, 334
albida, :;B4
epi-H-a, :!;;4
fimbriata, 334
foliacea, 334
foliicola, 334
frondosa. 334
indocnrata, 334
intumcscons, 334
luU:scen>, 334
Tremella— «;»</«Mff?.
mesenterica, 334
moriformis. 334
torta, 335
tubercularia, 3;>4
versicolor, 335
vesicaria. 334
violacca. 'i\'.\A
viscosa, 334
Tremeliini, 334
Tremellodon, '-it'i
gt'latindsuiii. :'.n'.i
Triehogastres, :i;>'.i
Trogia, 273
crisjja. 273
Tuber, 357
jestivum. 357
bituminatum, 357
brumale, 357
dryophilura, 357
excavatuni, 357
macrosporum, 357
puberulum. 357
rufum, 357
scleroiu'uron. 357
Tulostoma, 33; i
inamraosuni, 33'.t
Typhula, 332
ervthropus. 332
llliformis, 333
Typhula— f^'»<*/'"e'i.
Grevillei, 333
gracilis, 333
gracillima, 333
gyrans, 332
incarnata, 332
muscicola, 332
phacorrhiza, 332
Transluccns, 333
Verpa, 347
conica, 347
digitaliforniis. 347
rnfipes. 347
spociosa, 347
Vibrissea, 348
Fergiissoni. 349
Gucrnisaci, 349
leptospora, 349
Margarita, 348
microscopica , 349
truncorum, :!4S
turbinata, :n9
Xerotus, 273
degencr, 273)
Xylaria, ".ci
Scotica. 3()1
tortuosa, 3i)l
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