Outlines of the natural history of Great Britain and Ireland, containing a systematic arrangement and concise description of all the animals, vegetables and fossiles which have hitherto been discovered in these kingdoms

TK D. H. HILL im^

NORTH C«0Liri>4 ST4TE C0LLC6C

& tXUMi. COi

QH 13-1

\h ^.<^^

ENT0M0L0aiC4L COLLECTION

This book must not be
taken from the Library
building.

25M JUNE 58 FORM 2

OUTLINES

O F T H E

NATURAL HISTORY

O F

G R E AT BRITAIN

AND

IRELAND.

CONTAIN ING

A fyftematic Arrangement and concife Defcription of
all the Animals, Vegetables, and Foffiles which have
hitherto been difcovered in thefe Kingdoms.

By JOHN BERKENHOUT, M. D.
IN THREE VOLUMES.

VOL. I.

Comprehending the Animal Kingdom.

LONDON:

Printed for P. Elmsly (SuccefTor to Mr. Va ill ant)
facing Southampton-llreet, in the Strand.

M DCC LXIX.

T O
THE RIGHT HONORABLE

THOMAS

LORD VISCOUNT

WEYMOUTH.

My Lord,

IPrefume to dedicate to Your Lord-
fliip the refult of my amufement
during my late refidence in the Coun-
try ; a book which, for the fake of
this Nation, I requeffc that you will
never read. The fubjecfl, though of
confequence to fome individuals, is be-

A 2 neath

N

iv DEDICATION.

neath the attention of a Secretary of
State. But no man knows better than
Your Lordfhip tlie importance of the
office you fill -, therefore no man is lefs
likely to indulge in trivial ftudies or
amufements.

Why then, it may be aflced, do I
trouble You with a book, with the
fubjed: of which You ought to remain
unacquainted ? If Your Lordfhip afk
the queftion, I will honeftly tell You,
that my motives are gratitude and va-
nity. With regard to the firft, it is
all I have to offer for obligations which
I can never forget j and concerning
the latter, I could not refift the oppor-
tunity of boafting to the world, that I
am not difregarded by a Minifter of

State,

DEDICATION. v

State, confpicuous for abilities, firm-
nefs and integrity -, a Minifler whom
fadion and ignorance may cenfure,
but whom all wife and good men, of
the prefent and of fucceeding ages,
will admire and applaud.

I am.

My Lord,

Your Lordfliip's
Moft obedient

and humble fervant.

John Berkenhout.
A 3

PR E F A C E.

THE prefcnt age is diftinguilhecl by no
event fo charadleriftic as the improve-
ment of Natural Hiftory. There were in--
deed many curious naturalifts in former
times, particularly in the laft age and in
this country, to whofe labours v,^e owe great
obligation ; but for want of a clear idea of
fyftem, their writings were confufed, and
.the ftudy of nature remained too difficult to
become general. To form a regular fcien-
tific Syftem of Nature was refcrved for the
great, the celebrated, the indefatigable Lin-
naeus, whofe genius and induftry can hard-
ly be fufRciently admired.

Neverthelefs, the Linnsean Syftem hativ
met with fome opponents, and many ob-
jcdions have been made to particular parts
of it i but this oppofition, and thefe ob-
jedions, were infufficient to prevent its be-
ing univerfally received and adopted.

A 4 That

viii PREFACE.

That the Syftem is imperfed is mofi: cer-
tain ; but thole who expert j)erfedlion in a
fyftem of Nature, are uhacquainted'With tlie
fubjecft. The works of the Creator are link-
ed together in one continued perfedb chain,
fo as to admit of no abfolute divifion, an4
confequently can never be reduced to a po-
fitive fyftemt All that we can exped is
fuch an artificial arrangement and divifion
of bodies into kingdomvS, clafles, orders,
genera, and fpecies, as may enable us to
diftinguilb, with precifion, one body from
another. In this attempt Linnssus has fuc-
ceeded much better than any preceding
writer, ancient or modern j -Linnaeus, there-
fore, I have follov/ed implicitly : I mean
in regard to arrangement. But as the Na-
tural Hiflory of a particular country admits
of more precifion and explanation, than a
general Syftem, I have added to, and fre-
quently varied from his defcriptions : fo that
, thofe who may, at firft fight of this work,
fuppofe it to be nothing more than a tranf-
lation of Linnseus, will, upon comparing
it^with the Syjiema Natur^^ find themfelves
miftaken.

2 Thefe

PREFACE. ix

Thefe volumes being intended as pocket
companions for young Natualifts in their
excurfions from home, I have avoided fwel-
ling the work with references to the authors
I have confuked, quoting thofe only which
are either omitted, or wrong quoted, by
Linnseus in his laft edition of the Syjlema
Nature : for the reft, I muft refer the Rea-
der to that Work.

The remaining two volumes, containing
the Vegetable and Foflile Kingdoms will be
publilhed with convenient fpeed.

The

••t-> *.

The Animal Kingdom is divided
into fix Claffes, viz.

Clafs f. Mammalia. Suckle their young.

II. Birds. Body covered with feathers.

III. Amphibia. Lungs arbitrary. ,

IV. Fishes. Breathe by gills, not arbitrarily.

V. .Insects. Two antenna, or feelers.
VI. Vermes. No head.

I. MAMMALIA.

Order I. Primates. Four parallel foreteeth. Tw»
perioral tnamma.
II. Fene. Upper fore teeth 6; canine teeth
2 in each jaw.

III. GUres. Fore- teeth fharp, 2 in each jaw.

No canine teeth.

IV. Pccora. No upper fore-teeth. Under

fore-teeth 8. Hoof divided. Horns.
V. BeUita. Fore-teeth more than 2 in each
jaw. No horns.

VI. Cete. No legs.

n. B I R D s. -

Order I. Aciphres. Bill and claws arched,
ftrong.
II. Pica. Bill comprefled, curved a little.

III. Anferes. Bill obtufe at the end. Feet
: , webbed or finned.

IV. Gralla. Legs very long.

V. GalUna. Bill convex ; the upper man-
dible arched. Toes connected by a
2 membrane

( xii )

membrane at the bottom. Tail-
feathers more than 12.
VI. PaJJeres. Bill conic, pointed. Noftrils
oval, broad, naked.

m. AMPHIBIA.

Order I. Reptiles. Feet 4.

\\. Serpents, No legs. No fins.
III. Nantes. No Icales. Rays of their fins
cartilaginous.

IV. FISHES.

Order I. Apodes. No ventral fins.

II. Jugiilares. Ventral fins before the pec-
toral.
III. Thoracici. Ventral fins under the pec-
toral.
JV. Abdominales. Ventral fins behind the
pecloral.

V. IN S ECTS.

Order I. Coleoptera. Wings 2, covered by 2 fhells,
divided by a longitudinal future.
II. Hemtptera. Sliells, or covers of the
wings fomewhat "foft and incumbent
on each other.

III. Lepidoptera. Wings 4, imbricated with

minute fcales.

IV. Neuroptera. Wings 4, naked, tranf-

parent, reticulated with veins or
nerves. Tail without fting.
V. Hymenoptcra. Wings 4, membraneous.
Tail of the female armed with a fting.

■ VI. Dip-

\

( xiii )

VI. Dlptera. Wings 2.
VII. Jptera. No wings.

VI. VERMES.

Order I. Intejlina. Naked, fimple, without limbs.
II. Mollujca. Simple, without ftell ; but
not entirely v/ithout limbs.

III. Tejtacea. Inclofed in a hard fhcll move-

able by the animal.

IV. Lithopkyta. Coral.

V. Zoophyia. Stems vegetating and chang-
ing into animals.

THE

THE

ANIMAL KINGDOM.

CLASS I.
MAMMALIA

Suckle their Young. Quadrupeds, except the
laft Order.

Ord. I. PRIMATES.

Four parallel upper fore-teeth. Two peroral
mammjE.

HOMO. Fore-teeth fharp-edged. Walks
ereft.

i. Sapiens. Rational Man.

VESPERTILIO. Teeth fharp-pointed.
Flies.

1. Auritus. Long-eared Bat. Ears double and

larger than the head. Len^ith not
quite two inches.

2. Murinus. Short-eared Bat. Length 2 \

inches.

B IIL FER.*:,

D. H. HILL LIBRARY,

2 MAMMALIA. F E R ^,

III. F E R iE.

Upper fore teeth 6, fomewhat fiiarp and
conici Canine teeth 2 in each jaw, longer
than the reft.

PHOCA. Hind legs horizontal. Feet
webbed.

1. Vitulina. SeaU or Sea Calf. No external
ears. Length 5 or 6 feet. Frequent
on the rocky fliores of Wales, Corn-
wall, and Ireland.

CANIS. Fore teeth in each jaw 6. Grin-
ders 6 or 7. Canine teeth curved.
Lateral fore teeth longer and diftant
from the reft; the intermediate ones
lobed. Five toes before, 4 behind,

1. Familiaris. Do^. Tail bends to the left.

o

Varieties. Majliff^ Hound, Greyhound^
Pointer, Spaniel, Terrier, Shock, Lap-
dog, Cur,

2. Vulpes. Fox, Tail a brufli, not bent, and

tipt v/ith white. Lips white. Fore-
feet black.

FELIS. Fore-teeth equal. Grinders 6 in
each jaw. Tongue rough. Claws r?-
tra6tile.

I. Catus. Cat. Tail long, annulated. Body-
marked with fpirai, and 3 longitudinal
ftripes. Our tame cats are lefs in ftze,
and vary in colour.

MAMMALIA. F L R JE, J

MUSTELA. Fore-teeth in each jaw 6 j
thofe of the under-jaw clofe, obtufe,
with two interior ones. Body long
and flender. Legs fliort. Five toes on
each foot.

i. Lutra. Otter. Colour dark brown, with
two v/hite fpots on each iide the note;
Length 3 feet 3 inches. Tail com-
preflcd and taper. Eyes fmall. Ears
Ihort. Long whifkers. Feet webbed.

2. Martes. Martbu Colour dark brown.

Throat and bread: white, or yellow.
Length 2 feet and a half. Canine
teeth large. Skin and excrement fmell
like mufk. Nofe fharp.

3. Putorius. Polecat, Length about two fce^.

Colour blackifh tawny. Muzzle and
ears white. Nofe fliarp.

4. Erminea. Sioat^ or ErTnlne. Upper part of

the body pale brown; under v/hite.
Tail tipt with black, ears and toes with
white. Length 15 inches.

5. Nivalis. IFeefcl^ or Foumart. Upper part of
■■ the body and tail entirely tawny.

Throat and belly white. Length 9
inches.

URSUS. Fore teeth in each jaw 6 ; up-
per ones excavated. Grinders 5 or-6".
Body thick and clumfy. Toes 5 on
each foot.

i. Meles. Badger. Length 2 feet and half. Up-
per part of the body grey j under, black.
B 2 Tail

4- MAMMALIA GLIRES.

Tail fhort, with long ftiff hair. Face
black and white. Fore claws long. A
tranfverfe orifice between the tail and
the anus. Three black briftles over
each eye.

TALPA. Upper fore-teeth 6 j lower 8.

1. Europaea. Mole. Five toes on each foot.

Snout long. Eyes fmall. Fur remark-
ably foft. No external ears. Fore legs
fhort, with broad feet turned outwards.

SOREX. Upper fore-teeth 2, bifid j
lower 4 ; canine feveral.

\. Aruneus. Shrew-Moufe. Snout and tail long.
Above brown ; Beneath dirty white.
Toes 5 on each foot. Eyes fmall.
Length 4 inches.

ERINACEUS. Fore-teeth 2 in each
jaw J canine teeth 4 above, 3 beneath.

2. Europaeus. Hedgehog, Five toes on each foot.

Long Snout. Body covered with long
fharp briftles. Length 1 1 inches.

IV. GLIRES.

Fore- teeth 2 in each jaw, remote from the grin-
ders. No canine teeth.

LEPUS. Ears long. Tail fhort. Up-
per foreteeth double. Toes 5 before,
4 behind,

I. Timidas»

MAMMALIA. GLIRES. 5

1. Timidus. Hare. Ears tipt with black.

2, Cuniculus. Rabbit. Ears almoft naked. Pupil

of the eyes red.

MUS. Lower fore-teeth fmall, pointed.
Toes 4 before, 5 behind. Tail long.

I. Norvegicus. Norway Rat. Length to the tail
9 inches ; tail 9 inches. Back tawny.
Belly dirty white. Feet and legs al-
moft bare. Tail fcaly. Omitted by
Linnaeus.

•2. Terreftris. Short-taiVd Fleld-moufe. Head
large. Length to the tail 6 inches ;
tail I 4- inch, ending in abrulh. Back
rufty black j belly afh colour.

3. Amphibius. Water Rat. Length to the tail

7 inches ; tail 5. Body covered with
long hairs brownifh black. Belly grey.
Tail black, white at the extremity.
Ears and eyes fmall.

4. Rattiis. Common Rat. Tail longer than tfie

body. On the fore feet 4 claws and a
kind of thumb nail ; behind 5. White
whifkers.

5. Mufculus. Common Moufe. Differs very lit-

tle from the Common Rat, except in
being much lefs.

6. Avellanarius. Dormoufe. Toes 4 before, 5

. behind, the interior of which wants
the nail. Tail 2 \ inches, thick fet
with hair. Colour tawny red. Throat
white. Size of the common moufe.

B 3 7. Sylv*^

^ MAMMALIA. P E C O R A,

7, Sylvaticus. Long- tailed Field Moufe. DifFer

from the common rat and common

moui'e chiefly in being lefs than the

i former and larger than the latter. Back

brown. Belly grey.

^. Lefs Long-tailed Field Monfe.

From nofe to tail 2 \ inches; tail 2
inches. Weight 4 of an ounce. Ears
naked. Back and belly divided by a
, . ilrait line on each fide.

SCIURUS. Upper fore-teeth like wedges4
lower comprefled,,, I

4;. yulgtiris. . Squirrel. Colour red - brown ;
breaft ^nd belly v.'hlte. • Ears tufted.

.iV. P.E.eORA.

• 'D }K '!)irfw (''■
Upper fore-teeth none. Under fore-teeth
B^ diftant from the grindefs., Canipe teeth none.
Hoof divided. ^, ^.^^ :,;ii nO .(->,..
;m. /.'CERVUS; Hornsrfulid, riugH, annual.

1. Elaphus. Stag, Red Deer, or Hart. Horns
V ^ . -round, branched, and turn backward.

'2. 'Mma. '":&iick, or Fallow Deer. Horns com-
prelled, branched, turned backward,
' ^nd broad at the extremities.

3. Capreolus. Roebuck.' Horns round, ereft,

'; ,and bifid at the extremity. Leaft fpe-

■ cies, In the highlands of Scotland.
..,;jor- *• ' & CAPRA.

MAMMALIA. EZLLU^ 7

CAPRA. Horns hollow, rough, fimplc,
ere£t, bending backwards. Body co-
vered with long hair.

1. Hircus. Goat. Horns edged on the interior
fide, round on the exterior. Long
beard.

OVIS. Horns rough, hollow, fimplc,
fpiral, turning outwards. Body go-
vered with wool.

I. Aries. Sheep. Horns comprefled.

BOS. Horns fmooth, fimple, hollow.

J, Taurus. Ox. Horns round, curving up-
wards and outwards.

Y$: B E L L U ^.

Fore-teeth, in each jaw, obtufe, truncated.
No horns.

EQUUS. Fore-teeth 6 in each jaw.
Hoof undivided.

1. Caballus. Horfe. Tail covered entirelv

with long hair. Ears fhort, ereit.
Mane long.

2. Afinus. Jfs. Long hair towards the ex-

tremity of the tail. Ears long, flaccid.
A black crofs on the top of the
(houlders.

SUS. Hoof divitie^. 2 tufe i^n each jaw.
B 4 I, Sctofa.

8 MAMMALIA. GET E.

I. Scrbfa. Hog. Ridge befet with ftrong
briftles.

VI^ CETE.

Spiracula, or fpout in the upper furface of
the head. Perioral foft fins. Tail horizontal.
Copulate like quadrupeds, which they refemble
glfo in the ftrudurc and ufe of their internal
parts.

BAL^NA. No teeth. Spout double.

1. Myfticetus. Whale. No dorfal fin. Spout

in the middle of the head. Under
jaw much larger than the upper. Eyes
very frr.all and diftant from e?.ch other.
Skin fmooth. Belly white. The largeft
of all animals. Dde Harw. 409.

2. Phyfalus. Fin-back Whale. A dorfal fin near

the tail. Body long and fmall. Belly
fmooth. Dale Hariu. 410.

3. Boops. Pike-headed^ or Sharp-nofed IVhale.

Horny protuberance on the back to-
wards the tail. Back fmooth and (hin-
ing. Longitudinal folds on the belly.
Dale Harw, 410. Sib. Ohf. 29.

4. Mufculus. Round-nojed Wl^ale . A dorfal fin.

Under jaw much larger than the upper.
Belly folded. Sib. Obf. 33.

PHYSETER. Teeth in the under jaw.

X. Catodon. Lefs IVhale. No dorfal fin. Spout
in the nofe.

2. Mar

MAMMALIA. CETE. g

2. Macrocephalus. Sper?na-ceti IVkale. No dor-

fal fin. Spoilt in tlie back part of the
head. Double row of teeth in num-
ber 46. Length 50 or 60 feet.

3. Microps. Sharp-toothed TJ^ljak. Dorfal fin

long. Upper maxilla longer than the
under. Teeth hooked. Spout in the
middle of the nole.

4. Turfio. Blunt-toothed Whale. Dorfal fin very

long and eredl. Spout in the forehead.

DELPHINUS. Teeth in each jaw. One
dorfal fin.

1. Phoccena. Porpefs. Back broad and black.

Belly white. Nofe ftiort, obtufe.
Teeth fmall, acute.

2. Delphis. Dolphin. Body long, and nearly

round. Nofe long, (harp, with a broad
tranfverfe mark. Teeth fmall, point-
ed. Length 9 or 10 feet.

3. Orca. Grampus. Teeth obtufe. Nofe turned

a little upwards. Upper jaw much lefs
than the under. Length 24 feet.

CLASS

lO BIRDS. ACCIPETRES.

CLASS II.

BIRDS.

Body covered with Feathers.

I. ACCIPETRES.

BirJs of prey. Bill and claws flrong, hook-
ed. An angle in each margin of the upper man-
dible. Body mufcular. Females larger and more
beautiful than the males.

FALCO. Bill arched from the bafe, which
is covered with a wax-like membran*
or cere.

1. Oflefragus. Sea Eagle. Cere yellow. Co-

lour light brown. Legs yellow and
feathered half way down. Tail fpotted
with white. . Claws black. In feveral
parts of Britain and Ireland^

2. Chryfaetos. Golden Eagle. Cere and legs

yellow, feathered to the toes. Wings
reach to the extremity of the tail.
Beak lead colour. Irrides hazel. Co-
lour dark brown. "Weight 12 pounds.
Tail clouded with dark afh colour. In
the mountainous parts of Ireland, an4
fometimcs in Wales.

*?. Fulvus.

BIRDS. ACCIPETRES. If

tf Fulvus. Ringtail Eagle. Refembles the laft
in fize and colour, but diftinguifhed
by a broad white band acrofs the tail.

4. Albiulla. Ente. Bill, cere, irrides and legs

pale yellow. Between the eyes bare.
Head and neck afh colour. Body dark
brown. Tail white. Lefs than the
former. Lin. Syjl, Nat. Ed. 12. p. 123.

5. Pygargus. Hen-Harrier. Male : cere and
' feet yellow. Above grey ; beneath

white. Weight 12 ounces. Length
17 inches. Female: A rough round
the head. Under each eye a white
fpot. Back dufky ; rump white. Belly
redifh brown. Weight 16 ounces.
Length 20 inches.

^. Milvus. Kite. Cere and legs yellow. Head
grey. Back brown. Tail forked. Flies
remarkably fteady.

-7. Gentilis. Falcon Gentle. Cere, irrides, and
feet yellow. Above deep brown. Breaft
and belly yellowifh with longitudinal
fpots. 5 or 6 broad bars acrofs the
tail. Feather of the head black edged
with brown. Sib. Scot. II. lib. 3. p. 14.

€. Subbuteo. Hobby, or T7'ee Falcon. Cere and
feet yellow. Above black brown. Be-
neath white, with long brown fpots on
the breaft. Back of the neck white.
Under each eye a dark longitudinal
fpot. Length 12 inches. Weight of
the male 7 ounces.

,9. Butco. Common Buzzard. Cere and feet

pale

li BIRDS. ACCIPETRES.

pale yellow. Beak lead colour. Above
ferruginous brown. Beneath yellowifli
white, fpotted with brown. Tail barred
with black and afh colour, and tipt
with brownifh white. Weight 32
oz. Length 22 inches.

10. Tinnunculus. Kejlril. Cere and feet yel-

low. Male: Head light grey : tail the
fame, with a black bar near the end
and tipt with white. Back purple
fpotted with black. Weight 6 ~ oz.
Length 14 inches. Female : Back lefs
bright. Head and tail pale brown fpot-
ted with black. Weight 11 ounces.

11. Lanarius. Lanner. Cere yellow-blue. Bill

and feet blue. Above deep brown.
Beneath yellow-white, with brown
fpots. A white line above each eye.

12. Haliaetus. Ofprcy. Cere and feet blue.

Back brown. Belly and back of the
head white. A brown patch from the
eye down each fide- the neck. Legs
naked. Weight 62 oz. Length 23
inches.

13. Gyrfalco. Gyr falcon. Cere and feet blue.

Beak and legs yellow. Body white
fpotted with dark lines. Length 20
inches.

14. Apivorus. Honey Buzzard. Cere and bill

black. Legs yellow and half naked.
Head afti colour. Back brown. Breaft
and belly white, fpotted. Tail barred.
Claws brown and not much curved.
Weight 30 oz. Length 23 inches.

15, iEru-r

BIRDS. ACCIPETRE9. I3

15. i^ruginofus. Moor Buzzard. Cere green ifh
yellow. Body chocolate tinged with
brown. Legs Ion? and flender. Beak
and Talons black. Weight 20 oz.
Length 21 inches.

>6. Palumbarius. Gos Haivk. Cere yellow-green.
Irrides and feet yellow. Beak and
talons black. Head and back deep
brown. Breaft and belly white waved
with brown. A white line above the
eye. Tail barred and much longer
than the wings when folded. Length
22 inches,

17. Nifus. Sparrow Haivk. Cere green-yellow.
Feet yellow. Bill blue. Claws black.
Above brown, or grey. Beneatih tawny
white, waved with brown. Tail afh
colour, barred and tipt with white.
Weight of the male 5 oz. female 9.

18 Peregrine Falcon. Cere, irrides,

legs and feet yellow. Beak blue. Claws
black. Above afh colour barred with
black and blue. Beneath white tinned
with brown, with longitudinal and
tranfverfe lines. Length 16 inches.
Builds annually in the rocks of Llan-
didno in Carnarvonfli.

19. ...... Grey Falcon. Cere and legs yel-
low. Irrides red. Fore part of the
head deep brown ; hind part white.
Sides of the head and throat cream co-
lour. Belly white v.'ith long black
fpots. Back deep grey. Wings folded

extend

t4 BIRDS. ACClPETRES*

extend beyond the extremity of trie
tail. Legs long and naked.

20 Merlin. Cere and legs yellow;

Bill lead colour. Above purpleifh a(h
colour with ferruginous fpots. Beneath
yellowifti white with brown fpots.
Tail barred with brown. Length 6 ^
inches.

STRIX. Bill (hort, hooked, without
cere. Head large. A broad difk fur-
rounding each eye. Legs feathered to
the toes. Tongue bifid. Nocturnal.

1. Otus. Long- eared Owl. Bill and claws black.

Plumage red-brown variegated with
white. Auricular feathers 6. Length
of the female 14 inches. In the North
and in Wales.

2. . . . « . Short-eared Owl. Horns, or Ears a

fingle feather. Above brown. Be-
neath pale yellow. Qiiill feathers bar-
red with red. Tip of the tail v;hitei
Length 13 inches and a half. Br. Zool.
71. 8vo. 156.

3. Flammea. White Owl. Above pale yellow,

with white fpots. Beneath white. In-
terior fides of the quill feathers 4 black
fpots on each fide. Edge of the mid-
dle claw ferrated. Weight ii ounces.
Length 14 inches.

4. StriJuIa. Tawny Owl. Above tawny red,

fpotted with black and white. Be-
neath

BIRDS. ACCIPETRES. I5

neath yellowifh with black longitudinal
flrokes.

5. Ulula. Brown Oivl. Above deep brown fpot-

ted with black and white. Beneath
pale afh colour mixt with tawny, with
black {Irokes. Diik round the eyes aih
colour with brown fpots,

6. PafTerina. Litt/e Owl. Not much larger than

a thrufh. Irrides and bill pale yellow.
Above olive brown with white fpots.
Beneath white with brown fpots. In
Yorkiliire, Flintihire, and fometimes
near London.

LANIUS. Bill hooked towards the end,
with a notch in the upper mandible.
Tongue jagged.

1. Excubitor. Great ojh coloured Butcher bird.

Bill and legs black. Tail wedged,
black in the middle and white on the
fides. Crown and back afh colour.
Win2;s black with a white bar. Cheeks
white with a black flroke. Weight 3
oz. Leno-th 10 inches. Migrates.

2. Collurio. Red- backed Butcher Bird, or Flujher.

Bill and Tail like the former. Head,
rump, and legs afh colour. Back red-
brown. Beneath blofibm. Black ftroke
acrofs the eyes. Weight 2 oz. Length
7 ~ inches.

2 Wood Chat. Bill horn colour, with

white feathers at the bafe. Black line

crofs tiie eye, extending clown the

5 neck.

l6 BIRDS. P I C JE.

neck. Head and back of the neck
bright bay. Back dufky. Scapulars
white. Q^iill feathers black, with a
white fpot towards the bottom. Breaft
and belly yellowifh white. Two mid-
dle feathers of the tail and legs black.
Size like the former. Br. Zool. fol. 74..
8vo. 164. Migrates.

II. PICiE.

Bill comprefTed, convex.

CORVUS. Bill ftrong, conic, with brif-
tles at its bafe reflected downwards.
Tongue bifid.

1. Corax. Raven. Above fhining bluifti black.

Beneath dufky. Weight 3 pounds.
Length 26 inches.

2. Corone. Crow. The whole body bluifh

black. Tail rounded. Weight 20
oz. Length 18 inches.

3. Frugilegus. Rook. Colour bluifh black.

Noftrils, chin and fides of the mouth
white and bare. Somewhat larger than
the laft.

4. Comix. Royjion-Crotu. Back, breaft, belly,

and upper part of the neck afli colour ;
the reft bluifti black. Weight 22 oz.
Length 22 inches. Migrates.

3. Frugilegus. Rook. Colour bluifti black.

Noftrils, chin and fides o( the mouth

I white

BIRDS. PI CM. 17

white and bare. Somewhat larger than
the laft.

5. Alonedula. Jackdaw. Back of the Head,

Breaft a.nd Belly afti colour ; the reft
black. Irides white. Weight 9 oz.
Length 13 inches.

6. Glandarius. 'Jay. Head covered with long

feathers. Forehead white with black
ftrokes. Neck black. Coverts of the
Wings fine blue, barred with black and
white. Back, Breaft, and Belly, purple,
daftied with grey. Rump white. Tail
black. Weight 6 oz. Length 13
inches.

7. Caryocatafles. Nutcracker. Brown, fpotted

with triangular white fpots. Wings
black. Tail black, rounded, tipt with
white. Rare in this Kingdom.

8. Pica. Magpye. Black and white. Tail, long,

wcdge-fafhioned and richly tinged.
Weight 9 oz. Length 18 inches.

9. Graculus. Cornijh Cough. Purplifh black.

Bill and Legs orange. Weigh; 13 oz.
Length 16 inches. Cornwall^ FlintJ}).
Caernarvonjlnrc, and Jnglefea.

COR ACIAS. Bill fharp-edged, and curved
towards the apex.

I. Garrula. Roller. Colour greenifli blue.
Back red-brown. Bill black. Legs
yellow. Tail forked. Weight 7 oz.
Length 1 3 inches. Rare in this illand.

C CUCULUS.

l8 BIRDS. P I C M,

CUCULUS. Bill roundifti and curved a
little. Noftrils circular, with a raifed
margin. Tongue entire, pointed. Two
fore and 2 hind claws.

I. Canorus. Cucho. Above afh-colour. Be-
neath white, waved with tranfverfe black
lines. Tail rounded and fpotted with
white. Weight 5 oz. Length 14
inches. Migrates.

o

YUNX. Bill fliort, roundifh, pointed.
Noftrils concave, naked. Tongue very
long, cylindrical. Two fore and two
hind claws.

I . Torquilla. Wryneck. Above afh-colour, with
i)lack and brown ftrokes. Beneath
light brown, with black fpots. Tail
alh-colour, with 4 black bars. Irides
hazel. Weight li oz. Length 7 inches.
Migrates.

PICUS. Bill angular, ftrait. Noftrils co-
vered with recumbent briftles. Ton-
gue very long and round, with a fliarp,
hard, barbed point. Two fore and 2
hind claws.

1. Viridis. Green TVoodpecker. Crown crimfon.
Back green. Rump pale yellow. Be-
neath pale green. Tail tipt with black.
Bill lead colour. Legs and Feet greenifti
afli-colour. Weight 6^ oz. Length
13 inches.

•2. Major.

B I R D S. PIC JE, 19

2. Major. '^Greater fpotted Woodpecker. Irides

red. Crown of the Kead black, back
part crimfon. A black collar round
the neck. Back and Rump black.
Cheeks and Scapulars white. Breaft
yellovvifh white. Weight 3 bz. Length
9 inches.

3. Medius. Lejs fpttcd Woodpecker . Crown and
^- back of the Head crimfon. Above black.

Scapulars white. On each fide the
Breaft a broad black line. Length 8 i-
inches. Three exterior feathers of the
Tail tipt with white.

4. Minor. Lcajl fpotted IVoodpecker. Crown

crimfon. Above black barred with
white. Beneath (iirty v^-hitc. Weight
I oz. Len2:th 6 inches. In the Fe-
male the crown is white.

SITTA. Bill ftrait, roundi{h, and com-
prefTed at the apex. Three fore and i
hind Toe.

Europsa. Nuthatch^ or Woodcracker, Upper
mandible black, lower white. Crov/n
black. Black firokc acrnfs the Eyes.
Cheeks and Chin v/hite. Coverts of the
Wings bluifli afh-colour. Beneath dull
orange. Legs pale yellow. Twelve
feathers in the Tail. Weight i oz.
Length 6 inches.

ALCEDO. Bill triangular, thick, ftrait,
long. Tongue fliort, fliarp.

C 2 I. Ifpida.

20 BIRDS. ANSERES.

I. Ifplda. Kmgfijher. Bill, upper mandible
black, under yellow. Crown and Co-
verts of the Wings dark green, fpotted
with blue. Scapulars and Coverts of
the Tail bright azure. Beneath orange.
Tail deep blue. Feet orange. Weight
i^ oz. Length 7 inches.

UPUPA. Bill arched, convex, and fome-
what obtufe.

I . Epops. Hoopoe. Crefl: orange, tipt with black,
2 inches long. Bill and Legs black.
Neck tinged with red. Beneath v\^hite.
Above barred with black and white.
Rump v/hite. Tail of 10 feathers
black and white. Migrates.

CERTHIA. Bill arched, flender, and fome-
what angular. Tongue fharp.

I. Familiaris. Creeper. Above brown, ftreaked
with black. Quills tipt with white.
Beneath white. Tail of 12 long fea-
thers. Weight 5 drams. Length 5^

inciies.

in. ANSERES.

Bill obtufe, covered with a thin membrane,
broad, gibbous below the bafe, fwtlled at the
apex. Tongue fiefliy, Legs naked. Feet webbed,
or finned.

ANAS.

BIRDS. A N S E R E S. 21

ANAS. Bill convex above, flat beneath,
hooked at the apex, with membraneous
Teeth.

2. Cygnus. JVild Swan. Cere yellow. Bill
black. Plumage white. Legs and
Feet brown.

Manfuetus. Tame Szvan. Cere knotty
and black. Bill red, tiptwith
black. Feet lead colour.
Larger than the former.

2. Tadorna. Sheldrake, or Burrough Duck. Bill

red. Head dark creen. Neck and
Back v/hite. Scapulars black. Breaft
orange. Belly white, divided by a lon-
gitudinal black line. Tail white, tipt
with black. Legs pale red. Weight
2lb. 10 oz. Length 2 feet. On the
fea coaft.

3. Fufca, Velvet Duck. Bill broad and fhort,

fides yellow, hook red, and a black tu-
bercle at the bafe. Plumage black,
with a white fpot behind each Eye, and
on each Wing. Legs red ; Webs and
Nails black. Female: deep brown.

^. Nigra. Scoter, or black Diver. Plumage en-
tirely black. Bill black, yellow in the
middle, with tvvol.irge red tubercles at
the bafe. The Sorbonne pronounced
this bird to be a fifh, and therefore
might be eaten in Lent.

5. Marila. Scaup Duck. Bill lead colour. Plead,

Neck, Breafl^, and Tail black. Belly

white. Back grey. Lefs Qinlls white

C 3 ti^rt

22 BIRDS. A N S E R E S.

tipt with black. This fpecies varies
greatly in colour.

6. Anfer. Goofe. In its wild ftate, above brown,

Bene:ith white. A white ring round
the Tail. Bill narrow, middle red,
bafe and hook black.

7. Erythropus. White-fronted Mid Goofe. Bill

orange, thicker and larger than the laft.
Forehead white. Crown brown. Breaft
adi-colour. Belly white, with large
black fpots. Back grey. Tail black.
Legs orange.

S. Barnacle. Bill black. A black line

from the Bill to the Eyes. Forehead
and Cheeks v/hite. Back of the Head,
Neck, and Shoulders black. Back gxty.
Belly white. Tail and Legs black.
Frequent in Winter on the north-wefl
coaft,

o. Bernicla. Brent Goof. Head, Neck, Tail,
"" Quills, Legs black. Breaft, Scapulars

.ind Coverts of the Wings afli- colour.

Frequent in Ireland, where they are

called Bernacles.

ic. Molliflima. Eider Duck. Bill, Forehead,
Bellv, Tail, and Quills black. Crown,
Cheeks, Neck, Back, Coverts of the
Wings and Scapulars white. A black
bar atrofs the Eyes. A green ftain on
the back of the Neck. Legs green.

ii. Clypeata. Shoveller. Bill black, and very
broad at the end. Irides hazel. Head
dark ^reen. Breaft and Scapulars white.

Back

BIRDS. ANSERES. 2^.

Back brown. Coverts of the Wings
blue. Tail of 14 feathers, exteriors
white, thofe in the middle black, edged
with white. Vent feathers black.
Legs red. Weight 22 oz. Length 22
inches.

12 Red-breajled Shoveller. Bill large,

broad, ferrated, brown-yellow. Head
Jarge. Eyes fmall ; Irides yellow.
Breaft red-brown. Barkbrown, Wings, ^
quills brown, the reft grey, fpot pur-
ple, edged with white. Tail white.
Feet red-brown. Size of a common
Duck. Lincoln/hire.

13. Strepera. Gadwall. Bill black. Head brown,

fpotted with black. Breaft, Back, and
Scapulars marked with black and white
lines. Belly dirty white. Rump black.
Tail afli-colour, edged with white.
A white fpot on the Wings. Legs
orange.

14. Clangula. Golden Eye. Bill, Back, Tail, and

Coverts of the Wino;s black. Beneath
white. Middle of the Wings white, the
reft black. A white fpot on each fide the
Mouth. Leo;s oranse. Weight 2
pounds. Length 19 inches. Sea coaft,
and on the lakes in Shrcpjhire.

15. Penelops. JVigeon. Bill lead-colour tipt

with black. Head bright bay. Back
waved with black and white. Breaft
purplifli. Belly white. Vent black.
Middle quills green, tipt with black.
Tail, 2 middle feathers black, longer,
C 4 pointed ;

24 BIRDS. ANSERES.

pointed ; the reft afh-colour. Weight
23 oz. Length 20 inches.

16. Glacialis. SwaUcw-tair d Sheldrake. Bill,

bafe and tip black, middle orange.
Neck, Scapubrs, Belly, and exterior
feathers of the Tail white. Breaft and
Back chocolate colour. Four middle
feathers of the Tail black, and 4 inches
longer than the reft. On our coafts in
hard winters only.

17. Ferina. Pochard, or Dun Bird. Bill and

Legs lead-colour. Head and Neck bright
bay. Breaft and upper part of the Back
black. Above grey, with black lines.
Belly afli- colour. Tail of 12 feathers
dark grey. Weight 28 oz. Length
19 inches.

18 Ferrugmous Duck. Bill and Legs

pale blue. Plumage red-brown. Webs
black.

19. ...... Grey-headed Duck. Bill and Legs

yellow-brown. Iridcs gold colour.
Head and Breaft grey. Neck and Belly
white. Back, Wings, and Tail black.

20. Querquedula. Gargancy. Bill and Legs lead

colour. Black fpot on the chin. A
white line from the corner of each Eye.
Cheeks and upper part of the Neck pale
purple, with fmall white lines. Breaft
brown, with black curved lines. Belly
white. Exterior v/ebs of the middle
quills green.

21. Crecfa.

BIRDS. ANSERES. 25

21. Crecca. Teal. Bill and Vent feathers black.

Head bay, with a green and a white
line on each fide. Beneath dirty white.
A green and a black fpot on the Wings.
Coverts of the Wings brown. Tail
pointed. Weight 12 oz. Length 17
inches.

22. Bofchas. Mallard^ Wild or Tame Duck.

Bill green-yellow. Head and Neck
green. An imperfe£l: white circle round
the Neck. Beneath grey. Scapulars
white, barred with brown. Spot on
the Wings purple. Tail of 24 feathers,
4 middle ones black, and curled up-
wards in the Male.

23. Fuligula. Tufted Duck. Bill and Legs lead-

colour. Creft pendent. Belly and
middle Quills white. The reft of the
Plumage black. Weight 2 lb. Length
15 inches. Female wants the creft.

MERGUS. Bill long, roundifh, taper,
ferratcd and hooked at the apex. A
Creft on the Head. Migrate.

I. Merganfer. Goofander. Male: Bill, Lides
and Legs red. Head green-black. Neck
Breaft, and Belly, pale yellow. Wings
and Tail black and white. Weight 41b.
Length 2 feet 4 inches.

Dun Diver, Female : Head ferruginous.
Back and Tail afti-colour.
Lefs than the Male.

2. Serrator.

l6 ' BIRDS. A N S E R E S..

2. Serrator. Lefs Dun Diver. Lower Mandible

andlridesred. Head red-brown. Throat
and Belly white. B;eaft and ridge of
the Wings, Scapulars, Back, and Tail
a{h- colour. Wings black and white.
Weight alb. Length 21 inches.

3. Albellus. Smew, or White Nun. Bill and

Legs lead-colour. A long Crcft. Above
black and white. Beneath white.
Head and Neck white. A green-black
fpot on each fide the Head. Tail afh-
colour. Weight 34 oz. Length 18
inches.

Lough Diver. Female : Lefs than the
Male. Head ferruginous.
Breaft clouded with grey.

4. Minutus. Red-headed Smew. Bill lead-co-

lour. Head red-brown, with a fmall
Creft, and a black fpot on each lide.
Cheeks, Throat, and Belly white. Back
Tail and Legs afli-colour. Win2;s black
and white. Weight 15 oz. Length
16 inches.

ALCA. Bill fhort, compreffed, convex,
furrowed tranfverfely, and njt feriated.
No back Toe.

I. Torda. Jivk. Bill, He^d, Throat, Rack, Tail,
Legs black. Tips of the Wings and
Belly white. A white line from the
Eyes to the Bill. On the upper Man-
dible 4 grooves, on the under 3.
Weight 22 oz. Length iB inches.

1 2. Pica.

BIRDS. A N S E R E S. 27

2. Pica. Black-blird Awk. Cheeks, Chin, and

Throat white. In other refpe6ls iilce
the former. Weight 18 oz. Length
15 inches.

3. Impennis. Great Avok^ or Pinguln. Wings

very fhort. A white fpot between
the Eyes and Bill. Under fide of the
Body and tips of the Wings white ; the
reft black. Length to the end of the
Toes 3 feet. On the ifle of St. Kilda.

4. Arclica. Puffin. Bill comprefled, triangular,

fliarp-pointed, red, bafe grey, furrows 4.
Noftrils long and narrow. Eye-lids
callous, edges crimfon. Above black.
Cheeks, Chin, Belly white. Collar
black. Legs orange, and near the Tail.
Pnejiholm tjles. Anglefey. Man. M\-
grates.

5. Alle. Little Awk. Bill fhort, conic, black.

Above black. Beneath, and tips of
the lefs Quills white. Scajjulars black
and white. Legs and Feet fcaly.
Webs black. Size of a Blackbird.
Lancajhire,

PROCELLARIA. Bill comprefTed, hooked
at the end. Noftrils tubular. BackToe
feflile. Spout oil from their Bills.
Migrate.

I. Pelagica. ^tormf.nch. Black. Coverts of the
Tail and Vent white. Wings very
long. Size of the Swallow.

2. Glacialis

28 BIRDS. ANSERES.

2. Glacialis. Fulmar, Bill and Legs yellow.

Head, Neck, Breaft, Belly white.
Above afh-colour. Length i8 inches.
St. Kilda.

3. Puffinus. Shear-Water. Head, Back, Wings,

Tail, Thighs black. Beneath white.
Legs weak, comprefled. Length 17
inches. Calf of Man.

PELECANUS. Bill ftrait, hooked at the
end ; without noftrils. Four Toes con-
nedled by a membrane.

1. Carbo. Corvorant. Bill afh-colour, with a

yellow naked (kin round the bafe.
Head and Neck black. Chin white.
A fhort pendent Creft. Above bluifli
green. Beneath dufky. A white tuft
on the Thighs. Tail long and rounded.
Legs black ; the middle claw ferrated.
Weight 41b. Length 32 inches.

2. Graculus. Shag. Long creft. Above green.

Beneath brownifh grey. Tail of 12
feathers, rounded. Feet black. Length
27 inches. Holyhead.

3. Bafianus. Gaiinct^ or Soland Goofe. Bill bluifh

grey. Jagged at the lides ; a long
furrow in the upper Mandible. Eyes
yellow, furrounded by a blue fkin. A
bkck pouch under the Chin. Neck
long. Crown bufF colour. Wings
and Legs black. The reft of the plu-
mage dirty white. Tail rounded.
Weight 4-i lb. Length 37 iriches.

c COLYM-

BIRDS. ANSERES. 29

COLYMBUS. Bill ftraight,flender, pointed.
Noflrils linear, at the bafe of the Bill.
Legs near the Tail. Feet webbed.

1. Grylle. Black Guillemot, Greenland Dove, or

Sea Turtle. Bill black. Infide of the
Mouth and Legs red. A large white
fpot on each Wing. Small Quills tipt
with white. The reft of the plumage
black. Length 14 inches. St. Kilda.
and Bafs IJle.

2. TroUe. Guillemot. Bill black. Infide of

the Mouth yellow. Tips of the fmall
Quills, Breaft, and Belly white. The
reft black. Weight 24 oz. Length
17 inches.

3. Septentrionalis. Red-throated Diver. Above

grey. Beneath white. A few white
fpots on the Back. Throat dull red.
Weight 31b. Length 2 feet. Lan~
cajhire ; river Dee.

4. Glacialis. Great Noriher7i Diver. Beneath

white. A fen, ilunar white fpot on the
back of the Neck, and under the Throat.
All the reft black ; a purple tinge on
the Neck. Length 3 feet 5 inches.

Feet finned.

5 Grey fpeckled Diver. Bill turns a

litt'e upwards. Above grey, fpeckled
with white. Beneath white. Tail of
20 black feathers, fome tipt v/ith white.

6. Criftatus. Great crejled Grebe. A pendent
rufFunder the Chin. No Tail. Above

black.

30 .BIRDS. A N.S E R E S.

black-brown. Beneath filver-white;
Weight 2 4^ lb. Length 21 inches.

Shropjhire, Chejhire.

7. Auritus. Lefs crejled Grebe or Dobchtck. Above
-black-brown. Beneath white. Head
,and Neck black. Ridge and tips of the
Wings white. A tuft of long feathers
on each fide the Head. Legs green.
Irides red. Lefs than a Teal.

S Little Grebe. Above, Neck, Breaft

dark red-brown. Belly, afli-colourmixt
with filver- white. Cheeks bright bay.
Weight 7 oz. Length 10 inches.

g. Urinator. Grebe. Above black-brown. Be-
neath filver-white.; Length 18 inches.
Ridge of the Wings and tips of the
fmall Quills white.

10 JVhite and Dujky Grebe. Above

black-brown. Beneath white. Ridge of
the Wings and middle Quills white. A
red fkin between the Bill and the Eyes.
Irides red. Feet externally greenifli.
Size of a Teal. Lmc$lnjhire.

LARUS. Bill ftraight, fharp-edged, hooked
at the end, a knob on the lower man-
dible. Noftrils nacrow, in the middle
of the Bill. Feet webbed.

I. Tridaililus, Tarrock. Bill, tips of the Wings,
and tip of the Tail black. Head, Neck,
Breaft, Belly, and Tail white. A black
crefcent on the back of the Neck.
Back bluifh grey. Legs dull a(h-co-

lour.

BIRDS. A N S E R E S. 31

lour. A fmall protuberance in lieu of
a back Toe. Weight 7 oz. Length
ly inches.

2. Canus. Connnon Gull., Alezu^ or Sea Mali,

Bill yellow. Back grey. The reft
wiiite. Weight 12 oz. Length 17
inches.

3. Nasvlus. BrcWn and TVIoite Gull., Wagel, or

Dung Hunter. Bill and Quills black.
Tail black and white. The reft of the
plumage a mixture of afli-colour, white
and brown. Weight 32 oz. Length
23 inches.

>.4 Winter Mew. Irides hazel. Bill

flender, whitifii towards the bafe, black
at the end. Back grey. Coverts of
the Wings pale brown. Firft Qiiiil
black. A black bar acrofs the Tail.
The reft white ; above fpotted v/ith
brown. Weight 15 oz. Length ib*
inches.

5. Marin us. Great Black and White Gull. Bill

and Irides yellow ; a red fpot, with a
black center in the lower mandible.
Back and Wings black ; all the reft
white. Weight fib. Length 29 inches.

6. Fufcus. Herring Gull. Irides and Bill yel-

low ; an orange fpot on the lower
mandible. Back afti-colour. Quills
black. The reft white. Legs pale red.
Weight 30 oz. Length 23 inches.

7. Ridibundus. Pe-Mt Gull, Black- cap or Sea

Crow. Bill and legs red. Head, Throat,

and

32 BIRDS. ANSERES.

and tips of the Wings black. Back
and Wings afh-colour. The reft white.
Its note a hoarfe laugh. Weight lO
oz. Length 15 inches. Staffer djhire*

8. Parafiticus. Artie Gull. Crown and legs black.

Above brown. Beneath white. Tail
of 12 feathers, 2 middle ones 4 inches
longer than the reft. Galway.

9. Catara6les. Skua. Cere black. Bill and

Claws very ftrong and hooked. Above
brown. Beneath afti-colour and red.
A bird of prey.

10 Black-toed Gull. Bill black, Cere

brown. Legs lead-colour. Above black
and white. Beneath white and brown.
Tail 12 black feathers tipt with white;
2 middle ones longer. Weight 12 oz.
Length 15 inches.

STERNA. Bill ftraight, flender, pointed.
Noftrils narrov/, on the bafe of the
Bill. Tail forked. Feet webbed. Mi-
grate.

1. Hirundo. Greater Tern, or Sea Swallow. Bill

and Feet red. Crown, and tip of the
Bill, black. Above grey. Beneath
white. Weight 4 oz. Length 14
inches.

2. Minuta. Lefs Tern. Bill and Legs yellow.

Tip of the Bill and Crown black. A
black line between the Eyes and Bill.
Above grey. Beneath white of exqui-

fite

BIRDS. GRALL M. 3^

fite glofs and foftnefs. Tail white.
Weight 2 oz. Length 8 -i inches.

3. Feflipes. Black Tern. Head and under fide
of the body black. Above dark .ifli
colour. Leo-s red. Lefs than the for-
mer. Frequents frelh water.

IV. GRALL^.

Bill roundifh. Tongue entire, flefliy.
Thighs naked. Toes divided.

ARDEA. Bill ftrait, long, acute. Toes 4.

I. Cinerea. Common Heron. Bill greenifh above,
yellowifh beneath, black at the end.

• - ■ A fhort pendent creft. Above grey.
Beneath white, with longitudinal fpots.
A greenifh naked fkin between the
Bill and the Eyes. Irides yellow.
Quills black. Legs greenifh.

J». Major. Crejled Heron. A long pendent black
creft. Forehead and Crown white.
Feathers of the fore part of the Neck
long and loofe. Otherwife like the
former j but not fo frequent.

3. Stellaris. Bittern. Bill a little arched. Ir-
ides yellow. Crown black. A fhort
pendent Creft. A black fpot at each
corner of the Mouth. Plumage pale
dull yellow, fpotted with black. Fea-
thers of the breaft Ions: and loofe.
Legs greenifh. Hind claw very long.

D 4. Alba.

34 BIRDS. GRALLyC.

4. Alba. Great white Heron. Entirely white,-

Legs black. Weight 40 oz. Length
40 inches. Migrates.

5. Minuta. Little Bittern. Bill green-yellow.

Head, Back, Quills, Tail greenifti-
black. Fore part of the Neck, Breaft,
and Thighs bufF. Belly white. Thighs
feathered to the knees. Length 15
inches. Shot near Shrew/bury.

SCOLOPAX. Bill very.long, (lender, ob-
tufe.

Jrched Bills.

1. Arquata. Curlew. Bill 6 inches long. Plu-

mage white fpotted with black. Quills
black. Tail white barred with black.
Legs bluifli grey. Weight from 22 to
37 oz.

2. Phaeopus. Whimhrel. Bill not quite 3 inches

long. Above brown fpotted with black.
Beneath white. Tail barred with black.
Legs dull green. Weight not exceed-
ing 12 oz.

Strait Bills.

3. Rufticola. Woodcock. Bill 3 inches long.

Above variegated with red -brovi^n, black
and grey. Beneath dirty white, with
tranfverfe dark lines. Chin yellow.
Weight 12 oz. Length 14 inches.

if. Gallinago. Snipe. Bill 3 inches. Four black
and 3 red longitudinal lines on the
head. Chin, Breaft, and Belly white.

Neck

B'l R D S. G R A L L /Ev ^^

. Neck red and brown. Scapulars black

and yellow. Tail tipt with white.
Legs pale green. Weight 4 oz.
Length 12 inches.

5, Gallinula. Jackfnipe, Bill 1 4- inch. Crown

black. Rump fhining purple. Over
each eye a yellow ftroke. Weight
fcarce 2 oz. Length 9 inches.

6. Glottis. Greeyiflmnk. Bill 2 4 inches ; upper

Mandible black. Above afli colour.
Beneath white. Tail white, undulated
with duflcy bars. Legs greenifh and
bare above the knees. Weis^ht 6 oz.
Length 14 inches.

•7 Spotted Rcdjhank. Above afh co-
lour, the Head ftreaked with black, the
Back fpotted with white. Beneath
white. Legs red. Size of the laft.

8. Calidris. Redjhank. Bill 2 inches, red at
the bafe, black at the end. Head,
back of the Neck and Scapulars dufky
afh colour fpotted with black. Back
and underfide of the body white, fpotted
with black. Tail barred with black
and white. Legs orange. Weight 5 i
oz. Length 12 inches.

jQ. Limofa. Lefs Godivit. Bill a little curved
upwards, redifli at the bafe. Head
olive brown. Neck afh colour. Back
brown. A white crefcent on the tail,
which is fomewhat forked. Legs
black.

D 2 10. La-

3^ BIRDS. G R A L L /E.'

10. Laponica. Red Godwlt. Bill a little curved

upwards, yellow at the bafe, black at
the point. Plumage red-brown, ftreaked
with black. Wino:s and Tail black
and white. Legs black.

11. ^gocephala. Godwlt^ or Yarwhelp. Bill

ftrait, 4 inches long, purple tipt with
black. A broad white ftroke from the
bill to the eye. Above red-brown. Be-
neath white. Qiiills black. Tail barred
■with black and white. Middle and
exterior toe connefted by a membrane.
Weight 12 oz. Length i6 inches.

TRINGA. Bill roundifh, ftrait, about
the length of the head. Noftrils nar-
row. Toes 4.

I. Pugnax. Ruff. Feathers of the Neck re-
markably long. Coverts of the Wings
and 4 exteriors of the Tail brown.
Four middle feathers of the Tail barred
with black and brown. Legs yellow.
Weight 5 or 6 oz.

Female, Reeve. Brown fpotted with
white or afli colour. No rufF.
Legs red. Thefe birds difFer
remarkably in their colours.
Migrate.

%. Vanellus. Lapwings or Tezuit. Bill, Crown,
Creft, Throat black. A black line
under each Eye. Back purplifli green.
Wings and Tail black and white. Legs
red. Weight 8 oz. Length i3.inchcs.

3. Mo-

BIRDS. GRALLiE. 37

3. Morinella. Turnjlone. Bill ftrong, a little
., prominent above, whitifli at the bafe,

black at the end. Forehead and Throat
afli colour. Neck and Back brown.
Rump white with a triangular black
fpot. Tail black and white. Legs
orange. Size of a Thrufii. Shrofijlnrc,
Cormvally IP'ales, Norfolk.

4. Macularia. Spotted Sandpiper. Bill red, black

at the point. Above olive brown,
■with black fpots. Beneath white with
dark fpots. Above each Eye a white
line. Quills black, the lefs tipt with
white. Middle of the tail brown, fides
white and fpotted. Legs pale dull red.
Weight c oz. Length 10 inches.
Migrates.

5 Black /potted Sandpiper. Bill fhort,

obtufe,' blackifli. Noftrils black. Ir-
ides yellow. Head and under fide of
the body white fpotted with black and
brown. Above tinged with brown.
Quills black with a white crofs line.
Two middle feathers of the Tail black,
the reft- white. Legs long and brown.
L'tncolnjhire.

6. Lobata. Grey /ollop-toed Sandpiper. Bill

black with a double groove. Head and
under part of the Body white. Above
grey. Legs lead colour. Toes finned,
fcoUoped, ferrated. Weight 1 o/..

7. Hypcrborea. Red fcoUop-tocd Sandpiper. Bill

ftrait, Hendcr, round, pointed, black.

Crown black-red. Neck red. Above

• D 3 brown,

g8 BIRDS. G R A L L ^.

brown, with yellow fpots. Beneath
white. Wings long, tipt with white.
Toes fcolloped like the laft. Size of
a Blackbird. Torkjhire.

8. Alpina. Dunlin. Bill, Legs, Feet black.

Above red-brown. Beneath white with
black fpots. Wings afli colour. Back
Toe very fhort. Length 8 inches.

9. Ocrophus. Green Sandpiper. Head brown-

afh colour. Above green with white
fpots. Belly, Rump, Tail white, with
a few black fpots. Bill and Legs
greenifli lead colour. Length 8 ^ inches.
Frequents lakes and rivers,

10. Hypoleucos. Sandpiper. Bill, Head, Quills

brown. Neck dark afti colour. Back
brown mixt with green, with tranf-
verfe dufky lines. Longitudinal black
lines on the Head. A white ftroke
above each Eye. Beneath white. Legs
gi'eenifti. Weight 2 oz. On lakes
and rivers.

11. Canutus. Knot. Bill deep a{h colour. Un-

der fide of the Body, edges of the
Wing-coverts, and fides of the Tail
white. The reft brown. Tail-coverts
fpotted with white. Tail afh colour.
Legs bluifti grey. Toes divided to the
bottom. Length 9 inches. On our
coaft in Winter.

12 JJh coloured Sandpiper. Breaft and

Belly white. The reft afti colour, the
Head fpotted with black, the Tail
barred, and the Back curved with black

a^pd

BIRDS. GRALLiE. 39

and white. Legs black-green. Toes
bordered with a fcoUoped membrane.
In flocks on the JVelJh coaft in Winter.

13. Cinclus. Purre, or Stint. Bill flender,
black. Head, Neck, Back, Tail afli
colour. Coverts dark brown. Breaft,
Belly, and lower part of the Quills
white. Legsgreenifh. Length 7 inches.
In flocks on our coafts in Winter.

CHARADRIUS. Bill ftrait, roundifli,
obtufe. Noftrils narrow. Toes 3.

1. Hiaticula. Sea Lark. Bill orange tipt with

black. Forehead, Breaft, Belly white.
Cheeks black. A black line from the
bill to each eye ; another from one eye
to the other. Crown of the Head
brown. A black and a white Collar.
Back and Tail brown. Legs yellow.
Weight 2 oz. Length 7.1 inches. On
our (hores in Summer.

2. Morinellus. Dottrel. Bill, Head, fhafts of

the Quills, Belly, tip of the Tail,
Legs black. A broad white line above
the Eyes. Cheeks, Throat, Thighs
white. Breaft and fides orange. The
reft olive. Weight 4 oz. Migrates.

3. Pluvialis. Green Plover. Bill, Head, Back,

Legs black. Breaft brown. Belly
white. Upper part of the body and
breaft fpotted with green. Tail barred
with black, green, and brown. Weight
9 oz. Length II inches. Migrates.

D 4 4. Ca-

4© BIRDS. GRALL/E.

4. Calidris. Sanderllng, Bill and Legs black.

Head and back of the Neck a(h colour,
with long black fpots. Back brownifh
grey. Beneath white. Tail of il
pointed feathers afli colour. Coaft of
Cornwall,

5. Oedicnemus. Norfolk Plover. A yellowifh

green bare fpace between the Eyes,
Irides and Legs yellow. Above black.
Beneath white. Knees fwollen. Toes
bordered by a membrane. Weigbt
18 oz,

6. Himantopus. Long Legged Plover. Bill black 2

inches long. Legs red, very long and
Hender. Wings extend beyond the
Tail. Forehead, Breaft, Belly, Tail
white. Crown, Back, Wings black,
Scotland.

RECURVIROSTRA. Bill curved up-
wards, flexible at the apex. Three Toes,
webbed.

I. Avocetta. Jvofetta. Bill 34 inches long.
Above black and white. Beneath
white. Legs blue and very long.
Thighs najced. Frequent on pur Eaftern
coaft.

H^MATOPUS. Bill comprcfTed, obtufe.
Toes 3, the middle conne£ted to the
exterior as far as the firtt joint.

r. Oftralegus. Sea Pie. Bill 3 inches, orange,
Ijides crimfon. Tongue very fhort.

Head,

BIRDS. GRALLi®. 4I

Head, Neck, Shoulders black. Wings
and Tail black and white. Beneath
white. Legs pale red. Weight 16
oz. Length 1 7 inches. Frequent on
the coaft.

FULICA. Bill (hort, thick, convex. Fore-
head bare. Toes 4, finned. On Lakes
and Rivers.

|. Atra. Coot. A thick, callous, red mem-
brane above the Bill. Bill and Legs
olive ; Garter yellow. Belly afh co-
lour. Margin of the Wings white.
The reft black or very dark afh colour.
Weight 26 oz. Toes fcolloped.

2. Aterima. Greater Coot. Callus white. Gar-

ter red. Darker coloured and larger
than the laft.

3. Chloropus. Water Hen. Callus, Irides, upper

part of the Bill and Garters red. Head,
Neck, Breaft black. Belly deep afh
colour. Margin of the Wings white.
The refl glolTy olive brown. Fins of
the Toes ftrait, narrow. Weight 15
cz. Length 14 inches,

RALLUS. Bill comprelTed, fharp. Noflriis
oval. Toes 4. Body compreficd.

J. Crex. Land Roil. Bill and Legs grey.
Above black edged with light brown.
Beneath white. Legs very long.
Weight 7 oz. Frequent in Ireland and

/Inglejea.

2. Aqua-

42 BIRDS. G A L L I N iE;

2. Aquaticus. JVater Rail. Bill flightly arched,
flender, above black, beneath orange.
Above black, the feathers edged with
olive brown. Beneath afh colour. Bafe
of the Wings white. Tail fhort.
Legs redifh, and near the Tail.
Weight 4^ oz. Length i2 inches.

7. Porzana. Small fpotted Water Hen. Bill and Legs
olive. Head brown fpotted with black.
Neck deep olive fpotted with white.
Back variegated with black, olive and
white. Beneath afli colour and white.
Weight 44 oz. Length 9 inches.
LincolnJInre.

OTIS. Bill ftrong and ^ little hooked.
No back Toe.

I. Tarda. Bujiard. On each fide the lower
Mandible a tuft of long Feathers.
Bill and Legs greyifh brown. Irides
bright orange. Head and Neck a(h
colour. Back and Tail barred with
black and red-brown. Quills black.
Beneath white. Weight 251b. Length
4 feet. The Female is much lefs, and
wants the long Feathers from the Bill.

V. GALLING.

Bill convex : the upper Mandible arched.
Toes connected by a membrane at the
bottom. Tail-feathers more than 12.

PHA-

BIRDS. GALLING. 43

PHASIANUS. Cheeks naked, fmooth.
Spurs on the legs.

I. Colchicus. Pheafant. Bill horn colour.
Cheek-membrane bright red. A tuft
of black feathers near the Ears. Head
and Neck tinged with rich green- pur-
ple. Beneath brown. Tail of 18 Fea-
thers, long and of various colours.
A fharp fhort fpur. Weight 45 oz.
Length 36 inches. The Pheafant,
tho' lately introduced, now breeds fpon-
taneoufly in this ifland.

TETRAO. A bare fcarlet fpot above the
Eyes.

Legs feathered to the Feet.

1. Urogallus. Cock of the JVood^ or Mountain.

Bill yellow. Above ftreaked with
tranfverfe back and grey lines. Breafl
green. Belly black, with a few white
fpots. A white fpot on the Scapulae.
Tall of 18 black feathers, with a few
white fpots. Length 32 inches. Weight
131b. Fema/e: he(s. Throat red. Belly
orange. Tail brown barred with black.
In the Highlands of Scotland.

2. Tetrlx. Black Game, or Heath Cock. Plu-

mage black. A white fpot on the
Shoulders. Tail of 16 Feathers, fork-
ed. Thighs and Legs dark brown.
Weight near 41b. Length 22 inches.
Female : Plumage mixt with red.
Weight 2 lb.

3. Lagopus..

44 BIRDS. GALLINjB.

3. Lagopus. Ptarmigan, or TVlnte Game. In
Summer pale brown with dark fpots.
In Winter white. Feathered to the
claw. Tail of 16 Feathers, Weight
14 oz. Length 16 inches. In the
Highlands of Scotland.

^ GrouSf Red Game, or A^oor Game.

Bill black. Irides hazel. A white
fpot on each fide the lower Mandible.
Throat red. Head and Neck tawny
red, mixt with black. Back red, with
black fpots. Beneath purplifh brown,
ftreaked with dark lines. Tail of 16
Feathers. Thighs pale red. Legs
feathered to the Claws. Weight 19
oz. Length 15 inches. Female: Belly
fpotted with white. Weight 15 oz.

Legs Naked.

5. Perdix. Partridge. Bill white. Plumage

orange, black and brown. A femilu-

nar mark on the Breaft. Tail of 18

feathers. Weight 15 oz. Length 13
inches. Female lefs.

6. Coturnix. ^ail. Bill dufky. Head black.

a yellowifli line from the Crown to the
Back. Chin and Throat whitifh.
Breaft pale orange fpotted with black.
Back black and yellow. Tail of 12
feathers black and red. Length 7
inches. Migrates.

VI. PAS-

BIRDS. PASSERES. 45

VI. PASSERES.'

Bill conic, pointed. Noftrils ovale, broad,
naked

COLUMBA. Bill ftrait, a little bent at
the apex. Noftrils oblong, half covered
by a foft tumid membrane. Tongue
entire.

1. Oenas. Pigeon^ or Stock Dove. Plumage

deep bluifh afti colour. Breaft tinged
with purple-green. Two black bars
, on the Wings, and one near the end
of the Tail. Back white. All our
tame Pigeons are varieties of this
fpecies.

2. Palumbus. Ring Dove. Above bluifli afh

colour. Breaft tinged with purple.
Belly dirty white. On the back of the
Neck a femicircular white line. Weig^ht
20 oz. Length 18 inches.

3. Turtur. Turtle Dove. Bill bluifti brown.

Irides yellow. Crown and Back afh
colour mixt with olive. On the fides
of the Neck a black fpot edged with
white. Wings brown. Breaft purple
mixt with yellow. Belly white. Circle
round the eyes, and feet red. Claws
black. Length 12 inches. Bucks^
Glouceji. Shropjlj. Weji of Engl

ALAUDA. Bill fubulate. Tongue bifid.
The hind Claw not much bent, and
longer than the Toe.

I. Ar-

46 B I R D Sj PAS S E R i^ Si

I. Arvenfis. Sky Lark, tower Mandible, fpot
above the Eyes, foles of the Feet and
under fide of the Body yellow. Head
and Breaft fpotted with black. Ex-
terior web of the Quills edged with
white. Weight i i. oz. Length 7
inches. Sings flying.

7.. Pratenfis. Tit Lark. Bill, fpots on the
Head, Breaft and Back black. Above
greenifh brown. Breaft yellow. Throat
and Belly white. Sides of the Tail
white. Length 54- inches.

2 Lefs Field Lark. Head and back

of the Neck pale brown with dark lines.
Back and Rump dirty green. Coverts
of the Wings, firft Quill, and fides of
the Tail white. Hind Claw fhorter.
Legs brown. Larger than the laft.

4 Red Lark. Above brown. Be-
neath red-brown with dark fpots. Sides
of the Tail white. A dark line acrofs
the Eyes, and above that a yellowifh
one. The third Quill long. Back
Claw not very long. Size of the laft.
Middle/ex.

2 The lefs Crejied Lark. Above brown.

Beneath whitifti. Creft long. Feet
red. Lefs than the Sky Lark. Tork-
Jhire.

6. Arborea. Wood Lark. A white ring round the
Head. Crown, Throat and Back fpott-
ed with black. Breaft tinged with red.
Belly white. Tail black edged with

white.

BIRDS. P A S S 1 R E S* 47-

white. Lefs than the Sky Lark. Sings
flying.

j, Trivialis. Grafihopper Lark. Above green-
brown fpotted with black. Beneath
yellow-white. Tail of 12 Feathers.
Jong and rounded. Legswhitifh. Lefs
than the Tit Lark. Shropjhire.

%,»,,. . . Wilhw Lark. Above yellow-brown,
with dark fpots. Beneath yellow- white.
Tail dark brown.

STURNUS. Bill fl-rait, fubulate, and
fomewhat angular.

i., Vulgaris. Stare or Starling. Bill yellow,
deprefled j the bafe of the lower Man-
dible furrowed on each fide. A pro-
minent margin round the Noftrils,
Tongue bifid, horny, Irides hazel.
Plumage black tinged with green-pur-
ple ; tips x)f the Feathers yellowifti.
Legs and Feet redifh black,

2. Cinclus. Water Ouzel. Bill comprefTed,
black. Eyelids white. Above brown.
Throat and breaft white. Belly red-
brown. Tail black. Legs bluifti be-
fore j behind black. Weight 2^ oz.
Length 7 inches.

TURDUS. Bill roundifh, fharp-edged :
upper Mandible notched, and bent at
the apex. Noftrils naked, and half
covered by a membrane.

4 I. Vif-

BIRDS. PASSERESi

1. Vifcivorus. Mijpl Bird. Above brown-grey.
Beneath yellow-white, with dark fpots.
Irides hazel. Tail of 12 Feathers^
exteriors tipt with white. Inner Co-
verts of the Wings white. Weight
5 oz. Length 11 inches. Our largeft
linging bird.

2» Pilaris. Fieldfare. Bill yellowifh tipt with
black. Head and Rump a(h colour.
Back deep brown. Tail and Legs
black. Beneath white. Breaft redifli
with dark fpots. Weight 14 oz. Length
id inches. Migrates.

3. Iliacus. Redwing. Above brown-grey. Be-

neath whitifh with brown fpots. Sides
and under Coverts of the Wings red-
yellow. A yellow-white line athwart
the Eyes. Weight 2i oz.

4. Muficus. Throjlle. Above brown-grey. Be-

neath white with black fpots. Throat
and Breaft redifh. Inner Coverts of
the Wings yellow. Weight 3 oz.
Length 9 inches.

5. Rofeus. Rofe coloured Ouxel. Bill at the bafe

redifh, at the point black. A long
pendent Creft. Head, Crcft, Neck,
Wings, Tail black, tinged with green-
purple. Breaft, Belly, Back rofe co-
lour with black fpots. Legs dirty
orange. Middlefex, Norfolk.

6. Merula. Blackbird. Plumage black. Bill

and edges of the Eyelids yellow.

5

7. Tor-

BIRDS. PASSERES. 49

^. Torquatus. Ring Ouzel. Plumage black-
brown, the edges of the feathers of a
lighter colour, A white Crefcent on
the Breafl-. Length 11 inches.

AMPELIS. Bill flrait, convex ; upper
mandible fomewhat curved, and notch-
ed. Tongue cartilaginous, bifid.

I. Garrulus. Chatterer. A long Crcft. Plumage
a{h colour, red, black, purple, yellow,
■white, brown. Red, horny, appendages
from the tips of 7 of the fmall Quills,
Length 8 inches. Rare in this Ifiand.

L-OXIA. Bill fhort, thick.

1. Curviroftra. Crofsbill. Upper Mandible

curved downward, the under upwards
croffing each other. Male red. Fe-
male green, both varying with the fea-
fons. Shropjhire. Migrates^

2. Coccothrauftes. Grofsbeak, or Hawfinch. Bill,

under fide of the Body, and Legs
redifli. Head chefnut. Chin and
Quills black. The ends of the middle
Quills curved outwards. A black line
from the Bill to the Eyes. Back
brown. Weight 2 oz. Length 7
inches. Shropjhire. Migrates.

3. Pyrrhula. Bulfinch. Bill, Grown, Coverts

of the Wings, Tail black. Back of
the Neck and Back igrey. Covrrs of
the Tail and Vent white. Cheeks,
Breaft, Belly crimfon. A white line
E acrofs

50 BIRDS. P A S S E R E S«

acrofs the Wings. The Bread and
Belly of the Female dirty bufF colour.

4. Chloris. Greenfinch. Plumage yellow-green.
Exterior webs of the outmoft feathers
of the Tail yellow. Lower Belly
white. Length 5 1- inches.

EMBERIZA. Bill conic, angular on each
fide ; a hard knob within the upper
Mandible.

r

1. Nivalis. Greater Brambling. Bill yellow tipt

with black. Head and Neck tawny.
Back and Legs black. Beneath yel-
low-white. Rump yellow. Tail of
12 feathers, exteriors white. Coverts
of the Wings white. Weight i oz.
Length 7 inches. Migrates.

2. Miliaria. Bunting. Above olive-brown, with

black fpots. Beneath yellow-white.
Edges of the Wings and Legs yellow.
Sides of the Tail white. Length 7 -^
inches.

3. Citrinella. Yellow-hammer. Crown, Chin,

Throat, Belly yellow. Back of the
Neck, lefs Wing-Coverts, part of the
Quills, and part of the Tail green.
Breaft orange. Rump brown-red.
Length 6 inches.

4. Schoeniclus. Reed Sparrow. Above black,

edged with red. Beneath white. A
white circle round the head of the
Male. Length near 6 inches.

FRIN-

BIRDS. PASSERES. 51"

FRINGILLA. Bills ftrong, conic, (Irait,
fharp.

1. Coelebs. Chaffinch. Bill, Crown, back and

fides of the Neck, bluifh. Forehead,
Wings, Tail black. Three white lines
acrofs the Wings. Above the Eyes,
Cheeks, Throat red. Belly red'difti
white. Female wants the red feathers.

2. Montifringilla. Brambling, or Mount ainjinch.

Back and Crown Islack edo-ed with
brown. Chin, Throat, Breaft, and
lefs Wing-Coverts orange; inner Co-
verts yellow. Quills ed^'ged with yel-
low. Belly whitifh. Length 6 inches.

3. Carduelis. Goldfinch. Bill, Cheeks, back of

the Head, Belly, tips of the Wings,
fpots on the Tail, Legs, white. Tip
of the Bill, line from that to the Eyes,
Crown, Win^s, Tail black. Circle
round the BHl red. Breaft, Back,
Rump, pale brown. Middle of the
Wings yellow.

4. Splnus. Sijkin., or Aberdavine. Bill white

tipt with black. Head black. Belly
white. The reft of the body yellow-
green. Two middle feathers of the
Tail black, the reft yellow with black
tips. Length near 5 inches. Migrates.

5. Cannabtna. Greater red-headed Linnet., or

Redpole. Bill blackifh, bafe of the

under Mandible whitifh. Head and

Neck afh colour, on the Forehead a

E 2 dark

t2 BIRDS. PASSERES.

dark red fpot. Back, Scapulars and
Coverts red-brown. Quills black, with
a white bar. Breaft pale red. Sides
yellow. Belly and fides of the Tail
white. Length 5 inches. On the Sea
coafts, and fometimes near London.

6. Linaria. Lefs red-headed Linnet. ^[^^If
much like the former J but conhderably

lefs.

J Mountain Linnet or Tivite. Bill yel-

low. A brown fpot above and below
each eye. Head afti colour and black.
Back brown and black. Breaft black
and white. Rump tawny red. Wings
and Tail edged with white. Rather
lefs and more taper than the common
Linnet.

8. ...... Linnet. Head black and afti colour.

Back black and brown. Throat, two
white lines with a brown one in the
middle. Breaft deep red. Belly white.
Wings black, brown and white. Tail
brown, edged with white. Length 5 i
inches.

Q. Domeftica. Sparrow. Bill, fpot under each
Eye, Chin, under fide of the Neck,
and Quills, black. Crown and fides
of the head brown afli colour. Cheeks
and Belly white. Back black and red.

ro. Montana. Mountain Sparrow, or iVhite Cap.
Bill, fpot on the Throat, and under
each Ear, black. Under the Eyes,
back of the Neck, and under fide of

the

BIRDS. PASSERES. 53

the Body white. Back brown and
black. Legs pale red.

MUSCICAPA. Bill triangular, the upper
Mandible notched ; broad at the bale ;
furrounded with fhort briftles.

J. Grifola. Fly-catcher. Bill, Legs, Feet black.
Above brownifh grey. Beneath white.
Quills edged with yellow. Throat
and Sides tinged with red. Mouth
yellow. Length 54 inches.

MOTACILLA. Billftrait,flender. Tongue
jagged.

1. Lufcinia. Nightingale. Head and Back tawny

olive. Tail tawny red. Beneath pale
afti colour; lower Belly white. Iridcs
hazel. Eyes large. Legs deep afli
colour. Weight i oz. Length 7
inches.

2. Modularis. Hedge Sparrow. Head deep brown

and afh colour. Back and Tail blackifh,
fome of the feathers edged with brown.
Rump brown tinged with green.
Throat and Breaft bluifh afli colour.
Belly dirty white. Legs red ifti. Weight
not quite i oz.

3. Hippolais. Petty-chaps. Above grcenifli dark

afh colour. Belly white. Breaft yel-
lowifh. Mouth red. Legs lead colour.
Quills edged with green. Length 6
inches.

E 3 4. Sylvia.

54 BIRDS. P A S S E R E S.

4. Sylvia. White Throat. Above brown afli

colour. Beneath white. Breaft and
Belly tinged with red. Tail edged
with white. Legs tawny brown.
Mouth yellow. Length 6 inches.

5. Alba. IVI^ite TVaterwagtail. Bill, Mouth,

Head, Neck, Back, Tail, Legs black.
Breaft, Belly and fides of the Tail
white. Tail and back Claw very long.
Weight 6 drams. Length 8 inches.

6. Flava. Yellow Waterwagtail. Above olive

green. Beneath yellow. A yellow
line above the Eyes. Tail black edged
with white. Throat fpotted with
black.

7 Grey TVaterwagtail. Crown, Neck,

Back afh colour. Throat black. A
white line above and below the Eyes.
Runp, Breaft, and Belly yellow. Tail
like the two former, but longer.

8. Oenanthe. Wheat Ear. A black and a
white line acrofs the Face, Head and
Back a{b colour tinged with red. Be-
neath yellowifli white. Bill, Mouth,
Quills, and upper half of the Tail
black ; the other half and Rump white.
Size of a Sparrow. Migrates.

Q. Rubetra. Whinchat. Above red-brown with

black fpots. Beneath reddifti yellow.

. A while Itroke above the Eyes, and a

broad black one under it. Two

white fpots on the Wings. Tail black

and

BIRDS. PASSERES. ^5

and white. Bill, Mouth and Legs
black. Weight i oz.

10. Rubicola. Stone Chatter. Bill, Mouth,
Head, Neck, Back, Tail, Legs black.
Sides of the Throat and Rump white.
Beneath reddifh yellow. White fpots
on the Wings. Size of a Linnet.

II Coldfinch. Bill, Head, Back, firft

Quills, middle of the Tail, Legs black.
Forehead, fpots on the Coverts and
fides of the Tail, alfo the exterior
webs of fome of the Quills, and all
the undcrfide of the body white. Lefs
than the Hedge Sparrow.

12. Atricapilla. Blackcap. Bill, and Crown

black. Neck afh colour. Back green.
Beneath pale afh colour. Quills and
Tail edged with green. Legs lead co-
lour. Weight A oz.

13. Phoenicurus. Redjiart. Bill, Cheeks, Throat,

Legs black. Forehead white. Crown,
Neck, Back blue grey. Breaft, Rump,
Tail red. Wings and 2 middle fea-
thers of the Tail brown. Weight 6
drams. Length 5 inches.

14. Rubecula. Redbreajl. Bill and Legs blackifli.

Forehead, Chin, Throat, and Bread
yellow-red. Above green-afh colour.
Belly white. Weight ~ oz. Length
6 inches.

15. Troglodytes. JVren. Above red-brown,

with tranfverfe black lines. Beneath

yellowifh white. Mouth yellow. A

F 4. white

fe6

BIRDS. PASSERES.

white ftroke above the Eyes. Weight
3 drams. Length 4^ inches.

16. Regulus. Golden-crejied Wren. Crown fear-

let ; a yellow line on each fide. Above
dark green. Beneath white with a
green tinge. Legs yellow. Weight
70 grains. Length 4 inches.

17. Trochilus. TVdlcw Wren. Above green-afh

colour. Wings and Tail brov/n, edged
with green. Beneath yellowifh white.
A yellowifh line above the Eyes. Mouth
yellov/. Weight 2 drams. Length 5
inches.

PARUS. Bill, fhort, ftrong, entire, briftles
at the bafe. 'I'ongue blunt, with brillles
at the end.

J. Major. Great Titmoiije. Bill, Head, Throat,
black. Back green. Beneath gieen-
yellow, with a black line in the mid-
dle. Rump bluifli. Qj^iills tipt with
blue and white. Tail edged with
white. Legs lead colour. Weight
fcarce i cz. Length 6 inches.

2. Coer ulcus. Blue Titmouse. Crown, Wings,

Tail blue. Forehead, Cheeks white.
Back yellow-green. Beneath yellow.
A white bar scrofs the Wings. Legs
lead colour. Weight 3{- drams. Length
5 inches.

3. Ater. Colemoiife. Bill, Head black, a white

fpot on the hind part of the latter.
Above green grey. Beneath white.

Wing-

BIRI>S. PASSERES. 57

Wing-coverts tipt with white. Legs
bluilh. Weight 2 drams. Length
near 5 inches.

4. Paluftris. Marjh Titmoufe. Head black.

Cheeks white. Above greenifli. Be-
neath white. Legs lead colour. Weight
above 3 drams.

5. Caudatus. Long-tailed Titmoufe. Bill black,

thick, and convex. Crown white.
Coverts of the Wings black. Tail
black and white and remarkably long.

6. Biarmicus. Leaji Butcher Bird, or bearded

Titmoufe. Bill (hort, ftrong, convex,
yellow. Head grey. A black tuft be-
neath each iLye. Plumage red-yellow.
Tail very long. Legs black.

HIRUNDO. Bill fhort, flender, a little
curved, deprefled at the bafe, Adouth
very wide. Legs fmall. Tail forked.

1. Ruftica. Swallow. Above purplifh black.

Beneath reddifh white. A red fpot on
the Forehead and under the Chin.
Length 7 inches. Mouth black.

2. Urbica. Martin. Head and Back purple-

black. Breaft, Belly, Rump white.
Feet covered with white down. Mouth
yellow. Length 6 inches.

3. Riparia. Sand Martin. Above moufe colour.

Beneath white. Feet black. A moufe
coloured ring round the neck. Length
5 inches.

4. Apus.

58 BIRDS. P A S S E R E S,

4. Apus. Black Afariitty or Swift. Black, ex-
cept a white fpot on the Chin. All
the Toes ftand forward. Weight not
quite I oz. Length near 8 inches.

CAPRIMULGUS. Bill fhort, a little
hooked, with briftles round the bafe.
Mouth very wide. Legs feathered be-
low the knees. Tail roundifh.

I. Europaeus. Goatfucker, Plumage black, white,
brown, and afh colour intermixed.
Mouth purple. Irides hazel. Weight
2^ oz. Length 10 inches.

CLASS

AMPHIBIA. REPTILES. 59

CLASS III.
AMPHIBIA.

Lungs arbitrary. Heart with one ventricle.
Penis double.

L REPTILES.

Breathe through the Mouth. Feet 4.

RAN A. No Tail. Forefeet, 4 toes dif-
united. Hindfeet, 6 toes webbed.

1. Bufo. Toad. Back broad, black befet with

tubercles. Belly fwollen, yellow with
black fpots. Crawls.

2. Temporaria. Frog. Lefs than the Toad.

Back fmooth. Margin of the upper '^
jaw white. Leaps.

LACERTA. Tail.

1. Agilis. Common Ltzzard, or Sivift. Tail

round, fcaly. Five Toes and Nails on
each Foot. Belly black, fpottcd.

Greefi Lizzard, a variety.

2. Vulgaris. Commoti Eft. Pale livid colour.

A broun line on each fide the Head,

continued

.^P AMPHIBIA. SERPENTS.

continued along the back. Forefeet 4
Toes ; Hindfeet 5, without Nails.
Pet. cent. 2. II 6.

^. Paluftris, IVater E/t, or Newt. Length 3 to
4 inches. Above black-brown. Be-
neath deep yelluw, fpotted. Tail com-
preft. Feet like the former. Pet. ceiit.
2. III.

II. SERPENTS.

Breathe through the Mouth only. No Legs.
No Fins. No Ears.

COLUBER. Scuta on the Belly. Scales
under the Tail.

1. Berus. Viper, Afh coloured. A dark in-

dented line along the middle of the
Back. Belly tinged with purple, fpotted
with black. ^("hroat pale. Irides
orange; Pupil blSiek. Scuta 146. Scales
39. Length about 18 inches. Pet*
cent. 2. 103.

2. Prefter. Black Viper. Entirely black. Tail

very fhort. Scuta 153. Scales 32.
Exceedingly poifonous. Pet. cent. 2.
104.

3. Natrix. Snake. Dark brown. Belly fpotted

with white. Throat yellowifh white.
Sides of the Head white with tranf-
verfe black lines. Double row of
Teeth. Tail {harp. Scuta 170. Scales
60. Pet. cent. 1. ICI.

ANGUIS.

A M I* H I B I A-. -N A N T E S. 6l

ANGUIS. Scales under the Belly and
Tail.

I. Frngilis. Blind TVorm. Scales fmall, foft,
compaft. Back yellovvffh afh colour.
Beily black. Sides ftreaked with black
and white. Tail long, obtufe.' Colour
varies.

Iir. NANTES.

Breathe both through Gills or Spiracles,
and through the Mouth. No "Scales.
Rays of their Fins cartilaginous.

PETROMYZON. Spiracles 7, on the
-fide of the Neck. No G\(\% 'Aptr^
ture on the Top of -t-he I^ead. No
peroral or dorfal Fins,

1. Marinus. Zfl7?r^J^." Roxv^ bf Teeth 20.

Mouth ro4f5. Two dorfal Fins. Back
bkckifh bliie, fpotted. Belly white.
A v/hite fpot on the top of the Head.
Length about ^ feet. In the Sea and
large rivers.

2. Fluviatilis A fingle row of fmall

teeth in the verge of the Mouth,
befides thofe within, 7'he pofterior
dorfal Fin arjgulated. Back bluifli
black. Belly filver white. Length
about I foot. In rivers only.

• 3. Branchialis. Lamprey Eel. Back black-brown.
Belly filver white. Pofterior dorfal

Fin

62 AMPHIBIA. NANTES.

Fin ftrait. Length 5 or 6 inches*
Frequent in the IfiSy and Merfea,

RAJA. Spiracles 5 on each fide of the under
part of the Neck. Body flat. Mouth
in the under part of the Head.

1. Batis. ^kate^ or Flair e. Back afh colour

with black fpots, fmooth. Belly white.
A fingle row of Spines in the Tail.
Length 2 or 3 feet. Weight fometimes
loolb.

2. Oxyrinchus. Sharp-nojed Skate. Back brown

with 10 fharp tubercles along the mid-
dle. Belly white. Nofe longer and
Iharper than in any other of this genus.
Weight 8 or 10 lb. Dale Hariv. 421.

3. Fullonica. JVloite Horfe. Back yellowifli,

fpotted with black and covered with
Spines. One row of Spines on the
Eyes, and two on the Tail.

4. Paftinaca. Fire-fiaire. Back gibbous. Body

fmooth. Nofe fliarp.. Irides yellow.
Tail long, without Fin, terminated by
a fliarp point.

5. Clavata. Thorn-hack., or Maid. Back covered

with Spines. A tranfverfe cartilage
acrofs the Belly. Teeth tubercular.
Tail, longer than the whole Body,
with a fingle row of Spines.

SQUALUS. Spiracles 5 on each fide the
Neck. Body oblong and roundifh.
Mouth in the anterior part of the Head.
2 I. Acanthias

AMPHIBIA. NANTES. 6^

1. Acanthias. Hound F'tjh, or Picked Dog. Head

deprefled. Mouth beneath, femilunar.
Teeth 3 rows. Foramina 2 between
the Eyes. Lateral line ftrait. Skin
rough. Back bluifh grey. Belly white.
^ Eight or 9 white fpots on the Back.
No anal Fin. Dorfal Fins fpinous.
Ufual length 3 or 4 feet. Skin ufed
by Cabinet-Makersj &c.

2. Squatina. Afonk or Angel F'tjh. Skin rough.

Teeth 3 rows. Mouth at the extremity
of the Head. Perioral Fins large.
Dorfal Fins near the Tail. No anal
Fin.

3. Galeus. Tope. Snout pellucid. Mouth be-

neath, femicircular. Three rows of
Iharp Teeth. Two dorfal, pedtoral,
ventral and anal Fins. Noflrils near
the Mouth. Foramina near the Eyes.
Length 4 or 5 feet.

4. Canicula. Cat Fijh^ or Bounce. Mouth be-

neath. Teeth feveral rows, fmaJl,
fharp, curving inwards. Snout obtufe.
Back broad. Belly flattilh. Two doi-fal
Fins. Ventral Fins large. Noftrils
wide. Length about 3 feet.

5. Catulus. Morgay^ or Rough Hound. Back

irregularly fpotted. Belly white. Head
punctured. Dorlld Fins near the Tail.
Two anal Fins, alternate. Ventral
Fins concreted. Body flender.

6. Carcharias. Tf'lnte Sh::rk. Teeth 6 rows,

ferrated. Back flat. Firft dorfal Fin

near

64 AMPHIBIA. NANTES.

near the middle of the Back. Peroral
Fins large. No anal Fin. Tail di-
vided J the upper part largeft. Skin
very rough. Weight fometimes 1 000 lb.

7. Muftelus. Smooth Houndfijh. Teeth numerous,

obtufe. Back brown. Body roundifh,
oblong. Dorfal Fins 2 ; anal i. Pec-
toral Fins ftiort. Noftrils wide.

8. Glaucus. Blue Shark. Nofe long, (harp,
* deprefTed, and pun£lured. A triangu-
lar foffule on ti>e Back. No Foramina
near the Eyes. Mouth beneath. Teeth
large, ferrated. Back dark blue. Belly
filver white. Dorfal Fins 2. Perioral
Fins long and pointed. Skin not very
rough. Length 7 or 8 feet. Dale
Hariv. 420. Borl. Cornw. 264.

LOPHIUS. Spiracle i. behind the peroral
Fins. Gills 3. Teeth numerous, flen-
der, fliarp.

I. Pifcatorius. Frog-fijh^ or Sea Devil. Head
as large as the whole body. Mouth
large. Eyes diftant ; Pupil divided by
a tranfverfe line. No Noftrils. Se-
veral long Spines on the Head. Body
furroundcd with litde appendages.

ACIPENSER. A fingle narrow Spiracle
on each fide. Mouth beneath, retrac-
tile, without Teeth.

I. Sturio. Sturgeon. Skin rough. Nofe long, flat,

{harp. Noftrils with a double aperture.

2 Four

AMPHIBIA. NANTES. 6^

Four appentJages from the under Jaw;
Five rows of fpinous tubercles on the
Back. One dorfal Fin. Tail bifid^
the upper fegment Ipngeft.

TETRODON. Maxilla bony, apex bi-
partite. Aperture narrow. No ven-
tral Fins.

I. Mola. Sunfjlj. No Scales. Ski-n hard and
rough. Back blackifh. . Belly white.
Tail truncated, with a fliort femicircu-
lar Fin, joined to the dorfal and anal.
Body comprefTed, appearing like the
Head of a fi(h only. Dale Harw. 427.
Borl. Cornw. 267.

CYCLOPTERUS. Head obtufe. Teeth
in tha Jaws. The ventral Fins infun-
dibuliform.

1. Lumpus. Lu?np FiJ})^ Sea OivU or Cockpaddle*

Noflrils Angle. Back ridged, and be-
fet with fharp tubercles. Colour, black
niixt with pale red and white. Dorfal
Fin long. Tail-Fin diftindl:.

2. Liparis. Sea Snail. Body naked. Dorfal,

anal and tail Fins united. A round
fpot like the impreffion of a feal under
the Throat. Length about 3 inches.

SYGNANTHUS. Nofe roundifh, com-

prefled. Mouth afmall round aperture at

the extremity of the Head, and covered

bv a kind of valve : Gills covered in

F the

66 AMPHIBIA. NANTES.

the fame manner. Body long. No
ventral Fins.

1. Typhele. Needle Fijh. Body hexangular to

the Anus. One dorfal Fin. Length
5 inches. Diameter \ of an inch.

2. Acus Body, to the Anus, hept-

angular, and covered with 20 laminae,
the Tail with 36. Length 4! inches.

3. Ophidon. Sea Adder. Body cylindrical. Dor-

fal Fin only. Colour greenifh duflcy
grey. Length about 9 inches.

CLASS

JISHES. APODES. Gj

GLASS IV.
FISHES.

Breathe by Gills, not arbitrarily.' Rays of their
Pins bony. Hc.irt with one ventricle. No
• external parts of Generation.

1. A P O D E S.

No ventral Fins.

MUR.ENA. Body long, flender, cylindri-
cal. Noftrils tubular. Apertures of
the Gills near the pedtoral Fins. Eyes
covered by a membrane.

.1. Ophis. Spotted Sea Serpent. Body very fmall
in proportion to its length. Mouth
large. Teeth point inwards. Back
fpotted with white. Belly and Fins
whitifb. Tail naked, pointed. Length
from 3 to 4 feet.

2. Anguilla. Ed. The lower Maxilla longer

than the upper. Dorfal, anal and tliil
Fins united. Iris red. Lateral line
afcends towards the Head. Vertebrae
lib. IVill. 109. kaj. 37.

3. Myrus. Fln-ta'iVd Sea Serpent. Back dark

olive fpotted with white. Body con-:-
^ 2 prclTed.

68 FISHES. A P O D E S.

prefled. Back Fin, furrounding the
Tail as in the former, edged with
black. Raj. 36. Hill. 237.

4. Conger. Conger Eel. Fins like the laft fpe-
cies. Lateral line ftrait, broad, white.
Back dark olive. Belly white. Length
from 5 to 8 feet, and thick as a man's
thigh. IVill. 3. Raj. 37.

ANARHICHAS. Foreteeth conic, di-
verging. Tail Fin diftinil.

I. Lupus, Sea Wolf. Head and Mouth large.
Teeth long and numerous. Eyes pro-
minent. Body thick, lubricous and
variegated. Pedloral Fins large and
roundifh. Dorfal Fin long but not
high. Length 4 or 5 feet. Raj. 40.
Will 130.

AMMODYTES. Head compreffed, and
narrower than the Body. Lower Man-
dible {harp. Small Teeth in the fauces
only. Gill-membrane has 7 rays.
Body long and roundifh. Scales hardly
vifible. Tail diftind.

I. Tobianus. Sand Eel or Launce. Lateral line
double. Anus nearer the Head than
Tail. Dorfal Fin almoft from Head
to Tail. Belly white, with 3 longitu-
dinal lines. Dale Harw. 426. Will.

IL JU-

FISHESJ JUGULARES. 69

II. JUGULAR ES.

Ventral Fins before the pefloral,

CALLIONYMUS. Upper Lip duplicate.
Eves near toeether. Apertures of the
Gills in the Neck, No Scales.

1 . Lyra, Lyre. The rays of the fix-ft dorfal Fin

equal to the length of the Body. The
upper Mandible longer than the under.
Dale Hariv. 431.

2. Dracunculus Upper mandible

longeft, and hooked. Head large,
comprefTed. Firft ray of the anterior
dorfal Fin reaching to the Tail. Co-
lour yellow, pearl colour and blue.
Borl. Corn. 270.

TRACHINUS. Head befet with Tuber-
cles. Eyes near together. Two dor-
fal Fins, the firft fhort. Anus near
the Bread,

i. Draco. Weaver. Under Maxilla longeft.
Body comprefled. Dorfal and tail Fins
ferrated. Lateral line ftrait, yellow.
A ftrong Spine near the valve of the
Gills. A deep fulcus on the hack.
The antsKor dorfal Spines venomous.

GADUS. Head fmooth. Rays of the GiU
F 3 " raem-

^0 FISHES. JUG U'L ARES.

membrane 7. Body oblong. Pe£lora|
Fins ending in a point.

Tl^iih 3 dorfal Fins. _ J Q'lrrm or Beard from
the lower faw.

J. ^glelinus. Haddock. Upper Maxilla longefl".
t-aieral line black. A brown fpot or^
the left fide. Back ridged. Belly
white. Tail a little forked.

•2. Morhua. Cod. Upper Maxilla longed. La-
ter?.] line white. Colour variegated.
Tail not forked, and its firft ray fpi-
nous.

3. Lufcas. R'lh^ ox Blir.ds. The firft ray of the

ventral Fins long. The lateral line
dotted and curved. Body ccmprciled.
Back olive. Beilv white. Raj. 54.

mil. 169.

4. Barbatus. TPljiting Pout. Body broad. Back

Convex. Lateral linp much curved,
'i'wo blackifti fpots at the roots of
the pectoral Fins. Tail even. Anus
near the Head. Punilures on each fide
the lower Maxilla 7. Raj. 55. Will,
cpp. 22.

5. Minutus. Boer. Pack convex. Anus near

the center. Punctures in the Maxilla
9 on each fide. Length 14 inch. Raj,
50 — 163. IVill. lyi. B or I. 26S.

Jp^ith 3 dorfal Fins^ and no Cirrus.

(i. Mcrlangus. IVlnling. Back convex, dufky j
the reft of the Body white. Upper
jaw longeft. Lateral line curved.

Tail

FISHES. JUGULARES. 7I

Tall even. A black fpot on each fide
near the root of the pectoral Fin. Raj.
55. inil. 170.

7. Carbonarius. Cole Fijh, ox Raxv Pollac. Co-

lour black mixt with dufky yellow.
Under Jaw longeft. Latersl line broad,
white, ftrait. Size of the laft fpecies.
R.aj. 54.

8. Pollachius. Iflnt'ing Pollach. Back convex.

Lower Jaw longeft. Lateral line broad,
curved. Tail lunated. Body thick.
Length about 12 inches. jR.?/. 53. Tf'ill.
16 J. Dale Harw. 428.

TVith 2 dorfal Fins.

9. Merluccius. Hake. Body long and roundlfn.

Under Jaw longed. Lateral line curved.
< Head broad. Back brownifli giey.

Belly white. Tail even. Length
about 2 feet. Raj. 56. IVill. 174.
Dak Harw. 429.

10. Molva. Ling. L^pper Jaw longeft ; a cirrus

from the lower. Head depreftcd. Mouth
'*-" large. Back convex, black-brown.

Body long, and roundifh. Tail a little
rounded. Raj. 50. JVtll. 175.

11. Lota. Eel Pout. Body long, flender and lu-

bricous. Head broad,^ deprefled. Jaws
equal. A cirrus from the lower Jaw.
Tail nearly oval, Raj. 67, ^8, 3.
Will. lis.

12. Muflela. TVlnJile Fiji), Rocklingy or Sea

Loach. A deep furrow in the anterior

.,- part of the back. Tail rounded. Body

F 4 flender.

'^i r I S H E S. J U G U L A R E S.

/lender. Length 8 inches. Raj. 67,
164. fflll. 111.

BLENNIUS. Head decllving from the
eyes forward, and covered. Rays of
the Gill-membrane 6. Rays of the
ventral Fins 2. Anal Fin diftind.

1. Galerita. Crejled Sea Lark. A triangular

creft, red at the edges, between the
Eyes. Body variegated. Dorfal Fin
nearly from Head to Tail. l;Fill. 134

2. Pholis. Sea Lark, Afulgramc, or Bukard.

Upper Jaw longeft, and (harp. Colour
variegated. Tail rounded. Length 6
or 7 inches. DorfaJ Fin almoft from
Head to Tail. Raj. 73. JVill. 133.

3. Gunnellus. Butter F'ljh. Colour, brown,

olive, green, white. Ten black fpots,
with white edges, on each fide the
dorfal Fin. Mouth large, curving up-
wards, Eyes fmall and covered with
a cuticle. Scales extreamly minute.
Length 6 inches. ^^'.144. WilLw^.
Pet. gaz. t. 51. 5.

m. THORACICL
Ventral Fins under the peroral,

GOBIUS. Eyes very near each other,
with 2 fmall pundtures between. Rays
of the Gill-membrane 4. Ventral Fins
pnited, forming a kind of funnel.

5 I. Niger,

FISHES. T H O R A e I e f. 73

-j> Niger. SeaGudgcon^oT Rock Fijh. Back brown,
/ whitifh, yeliowifh, blue, green, olive,

black. Tail, dorfal and anal Fins pale
blue. Belly yellow. Rays of the po-
ilcrior dorfal Fin 14. Eyes covered by
one common membrane. JP^iil. 206.
Raj. 16. Dale Harw. /^2().

COTTUS. Head broader than the Body
and fpinous. Rays of the Gill-mem-
brane 6.

1. Cataph radius. Pogge. Body otSlangular, be-

fet with hard tubercles ; 'Fail hexan-
gular. Two cirri on the upper Jaw ;
feveral on the lower. Anus near the
center. " Tail rounded. JVill. 211.
Raj, 'j'j. Dale Hariv. 430.'

2. Scorpius. Father laJJjer. Upper Jaw longeft.

Anterior ■ part of the Body deprelFed.
Back brown. Sides flreaked tranfvcrfely
with black. Rays of the firft dorfal
Fin II. Of the fecond 16. Tail
rounded. Raj. 145. JVill. 138.

3. Gobio. Bull-head., or Miller's Thumb. Two

Spines on the Head. No Scales on the
Body. Back brown with black fpots.
Belly whitilh. Fins yeliowifh. Rays
of the firft dorfal Fin 7. Of the 2d.
J 6 or 17. Length 4 or 5 inches. In
rivers and rivulets. JVill. 137. Raj. 76,

ZEUS. Head and Body remarkably com-
prefied. Upper lip flieathed in a tranf-
yerfe membrane.

I. Faber.

:7'4 FISHES. THORACIC I.

I. Faber. Doree. Head and Mouth large. Co-
Jour olive tinged with j^old colour. A
large black fpot on each fide. Lateral
line much curved. Ten prickly rays
on the anterior dorfal Fin, Spines on
the Back and Belly. Tail rounded.
Raj, 99. JVill. 294.

PLEURONECTES. Both Eyes on one
fide of the Head. Body cxtreanily
comprefTcd. One fide white.

Eyes on the right fide.

1. Hippoglofilis. HoTihut in the South: Turhot
' ' in the North. Body fmooth. Rays of

the dorfal Fin 105. Raj. ■^2' ^^^^.99.

2. Platcfla. Plaife. Body fraooth, with round

red fpots on the upper fide. Six tu-
bercles on the head. Rays of the dorfal
Fin 76. Raj. 31. Will. 96.

3. Fleflus. Flounder. Lateral line rough. Short

fpines on the right fide of the Fins.
Rays of the dorfal Fin 60, 61, or 62.

,4. Limanda. Dab. Scales fringed with fhort
fpines. Body broad. The upper fide
fpotted with pale yellow. Short fpines
at the roots of the dorfal and anal Fins.
Lateral liiic curved. Rays of the dorfal
Fin 78 or 79. Raj. 32. Will. 97.

5. Solea. Soal. Body oblong. Scales rough.
Upper Jaw longcit. Lateral line ftrait.
Anus between the ventral Fins. Rays
of the dorfal Fin 91. Raj. 33. Will.
ICQ,

Eyes

FISHES. THORACIC!." 75

Eyes on the left fide.

Rhombus. Pearl. Body fmooth, fcaly. Raj,
31. IFili 95.

Maximus, 'Turhot^ in the South : Bret in the
North. Body rough, and not fcaly.
Several rows of Teeth. Rays of the
dorfal Fin 64; anal 48 ; peroral 11.
Rf!j: 31. JVill. 95.

.tzA

€PARUS. Teeth like thofe of Quadrupeds.
Lips duplicate. Valve of the Gills
fcaly. Body comprefled.

I. PaTus. 5"^^ Bream. Colour reddifh. At
the roots of the dorfal and anal Fins
the fkin forms a finus. Body broad.
Back and Belly ridged. One dorfal
Fin. mil. 312. Raf. 131. Charlt,

139-

LABRUS. Teeth fharp. Lipsfimple. Rays
of the Gill-membrane 6 ; Valve fcaly.
Rays of the Jorfal Fin alternately foft
and ridged.

I. Tinea. TVraffe^ or Old wife. Snout curving
upwards. Tail circular. Body thick,
comprelTcd. Scales large. Colour va-
riegated with red, brown, yellow. Rays
of the dorfal Fin 26. i2<7/. 136. Will.

319-

PERCA. Valve of the Gills fcaly, J"er-
rated ; rays of the membrane 7. Fins
fninous. Scales hard and rough.

I. Flu-

t]^ FISHES. T H 0 R A C I C I.

1. Fluviatilis. Pearch. Two dorfal Fins, the

firft of 14, the fecond of 16 rays.
Ventral Fins red. On each fide 6
tranfverfe black lines, A black fpot at
the end of the anterior dorfal Fin. In
lakes and rivers. TVill.2^1. Ra'j.c^'].

2. Labrax. Bajfe. Two dorfal Fins, the fe-

cond 14 rays. Back blackifh. Belly
filver white. Shaped like the. Salmon.
Tail a little forked. Length 3 feet.
Willi']!, RaJ.S^.

3. Cernua. Rujff^' One dorfal Fin, of 27 rays,

15 of which are fpinous. Head full of
cavities. Colour brown-yellow, with
black fpots. Length 5 inches. In
ipiany of our rivers. fVill. 334. Raj,

J44-

GASTEROSTEUS. Gill-membrane hath
3 rays. Ventral Fins behind the pec-
toral, but above the fternum. Dorfal
Spines diftindt.

1, Aculeata. Stickle-back. One dorfal Fin the

whole length of the back, with 3 an-
terior Spines. Head and Back blackifh ;
the reft of the Body filvery. Body
comprefi'ed. Eyes on the fides of the
Head. Tail even. Frequent in our
rivers. Raj. 145. Will. 341.

2. Pungitius. Lefs Stickle-back. Ten dorfal Spines.

Much like the former, but lefs. Raj.
145. Will. 342.

3. Spina-

FISHES. T H 0 R A C I C li 77

3. Spinachia. Great Sea Stickle-back. Dorfal
Spines 15. Length 6 or 7 inches. A
fea fifh. JVilL 340. Raj. 145.

SCOMBER. Head and Body comprefred,
fmooth. Tail forked. Rays of the
Gill-membrane 7. Spurious Fins near
the Tail.

"i. Scomber. Mackrel. Spurious Fins 5. A
Ihort Spine at the Anus.

2. Thynnus. Tunny-fijh. Spurious Fins 9 above,

8 beneath. A Furrow near the ventral
Fins.

3. Trachurus. Horfe Mackrel^ or Scad, Late-

ral line curved, prickly, ferrated. A
Furrow in the middle of the Back.
Rays of the firft dorfal Fin 8 ; 2d 34;
anal 30.

MULLUS. Head fcaly, comprefTed, de-
cliving from the Crown to the Nofe.
Gill-membrane with 3 Rays. Body
with large Scales, eafily deciduous.
Very fmall towards the Tail.

I. Surmuletus. Surmullet. Cirri 2. Head fmooth.
Colour brown olive, with 4 longitudi-
nal yellow lines on each fide. Fins
and Tail yellow ftaincd with fcarlet.
Ravs of the 2d dorfal Fin 8. Corn-
wall. Raj. 91, JVill. 285.

TRIGLA:

'/S f I- S «. E S. T HO R A € I C I*

TRIGLA. Head armed with rough linesi
Gill- membrane with 7 Rays. Three
Digits to the pe6toral Fins.

1. Lyra. Piper. Nofe long, bifid ; Noftrils

tubular. A large Spine above each
pedtoral Fin. Spots 70 on each fide.
Raj. 89. If^ill. 282. Dale Hariv. 431.

2. Gurnardus. Grey Gurnard. Nofe bifid ; 2

Spines at each eye. Back fpotted with
black and red. Pedloral Fins pale.
Raj. 88. JVill. 279.

3. Cuculus. Red Gurnard. Nofe fomewhat

bifid. Valve of the Gills ftriated.
Lateral line imperfedt. Colour intirely
red. Raj. 89. TVill. 281.

4. Hirundo. Tub Fijh. Head fquare, fpinous.

Three cirri between the pe6loral and
ventral Fins. Lateral line prickly.
Sides variegated with purple green and
white. Peroral Fins black. Raj. 88.
WilL 280.

IV. ABDOMlNALES.

Ventral Fins on the Abdomen behind the
pedoral.

COBTTIS. Eyes in the upper part of the
Head. Gill-membrane with 4 to 6'
rays. Valve clofed beneath. Body
comprefl'ed, and nearly of an equal
thickne/s.

S I. Bar-

FISHES. ABDOMINALES. 79

1. Barbatulj. Grcuv.dlingy or Louche. Cirri 6.

Head without Spines. Body fmooth,
fpolted. DorDl I-'in 8 rays. Irides
yellow. Length 3 inches. Raj. 124.

2. Taenia. Bearded Loach. Cirri 6. Upper jaw

longeft. A forked Spine under each
Eye. No Teeth, nor lateral line.
Dorfal Fin of 9 rays. Length 3 inches.
In lakes and ponds. Raj. 124. JViU.
265, 266.

SALMO. Head fmooth. Teeth in the
Jaws and on the Tongue. Giil-
membrane 4 — 10 rays. Dorfal Fin
near the Head.

1. Salar. Salmon. Upper Jaw longcft. Rays

ci the anterior dorfal Fin 15. Second
without Rays. Lateral line ftrait,
with a few black fpots above and be-
low. Tail lunated. Raj. 63. //-^//A
189.

2. Eriox. Grey. Spotted all over with grev

fpots. Tail equal. Not quite fo large
as the Salmon. Raj. 63. IVill. 193.

3. Trutta. Salmon Trout. Jaws equal. Dorfjl

Fin 12 rays, v/ith black fpots. Pecto-
ral Fins 13 rays, with 6 fpots. Tail
" even. Head and fides fprinkled with

black fpots furrounded witli brov/n.
Raj. 63. 7/^/7/. 193.

Fario. Trout. Lower Jaw lon'::^^. Sides
if ctted with red. Tail lunated. Rays

of

\vz

So FISHES. ABDOMINALES.

of the anal Fin lO. Ra}. 65. WilL
199.

5. Carplo. Gilt Charre. Five rows of Teeth

in the Palate. Irides white. Sides
and Belly filvery. Black fpots on the
Back. Eight punctures on each fide
the lower Jaw. Body broader than the
Trout. Raj. 66. TVill. 197.

6. Alpinus. Red Charre. Lower Jaw longeft.

Irides grey j pupil black. Rays of the
Gill-membrane 10. Rays of the dor-
fal Fin 12. Back blackifti. Sides pale
blue. Belly orange. Ventral Fins
red ; external margin white. Tail lu-
nated. Length 12 or 13 inches. TViri'
andermercy IVeJhnorl. Raj. 65. Will.
196.

7. Eperlanus. ^melt. Dorfal oppofite to the

anal Fin. Head diaphanous. Rays of
the anal Fin 17. Back convex. La-
teral line ftrait. Raj. 66. Will. 202.

8. Lavaretus. Schelley. Teeth fcarce vifible.

Upper Jaw longeft. Rays of the dorfal
Fin 14. Lateral line ftrait. Scales
larger than thofe of the Trout. Sides
and Belly filver v/hite. Shaped like
a Herring. Hulfwater, Cumber/. Raj.
61. Will. 183.

^. Thymalus. Grayling, or Umber. Upper Jaw
longeft. Dorfal rays 23 ; thofe of the
Gills 9. Body narrow. Teeth ex-
treamly minute. Length 13 or 14.

inches.

tISHES, AEDOMINALES; 8t

*[l^ r inches. Scales large, femicircular, and
not imbricated. Raj. 62. fFlll. 187.

ESOX. Under Jaw longeft, pundured.
Teeth in the Jaws and Tongue. Body
long. Dorfal Fin near the Tail. Rays
of the Gill-membrane 14.

1. Ofieus. Great Gar Fijh. Upper Jaw longcfl:.

Mouth very large. Eyes fmall, Iris
yellow. Scales imbricated 'and hard.
Tail quadrangular. Body long and
fmall. Length 2 feet, SuJ/ex coo/?.
Hill. 223.

2. -Lucius. Pih. Head comprefTed behind ;
- . r, deprefled before. Body fomewhat quad-
rangular. Teeth numerous regular.
Lateral line ftrait. Tail forked ; Vv^ith
19 rays. Raj. 112. //';//. 236.

3. Belone. Horn FiJh, or Gar Fijh. Snout

long, flender, pointed. Body long,
fmall. Back olive-black. Sides yel-
lowifli. On the Sea coaft. Raj. IC9.
IVill. 231. Dale Harvj. 433.

MUGIL. No Teeth. Rays of the Gill-
membrane 7. Lips membranous. Scales
imbricated, cover both the Body and
the Head.

I. Cephalus. Mullet. Dorfal rays 5. Mouth
fmall. Lyes large, diflant, and placed
near the extremity of the Head ; Iris
white ; pupil black. Back brown-grey.
Sides and Belly filver white. No la-
teral line. Ventr.d and anal Fins
G white.

Zl FISHES. ABDOMIIf ALE Sr

white. Dark longitudinal lines on the
fides. Raj, 84, Will. 274,

CLUPEA. Rays of the Gill-membrane 8.
Belly very acute, ferrated.

1. Harengus. Herring, Under Jaw longeft.

Back dufky blue. Dorfal rays 19;
Tail forked, rays 18. Raj. 103. Will.
219.

2. Sprattus. Sprat. Under Jaw longeft. Dor-

fal rays 17. A dark fpot on each fide
near the Gills. Length 4 or 5 inches.
Vertebrae 48. Raj. 105. Will. 22I.

3. Alofa. Shad, or Pilchard. Apex of the up-

per Jaw bifid. Black fpots from 4 to
7 on each fide. Dorfal rays 19; Tail
19. Length above four times its
breadth. Vertebrae 55. i^^". 104 .105,
Will. 223, 227.

CYPRINUS. No Teeth. Rays of the
Gill-membrane 3. Body fmooth.

I. Barbus. Barbie. Upper Jaw longeft. Beards
4. Rays of the anal Fin 7. Back
ridged. Tail forked. Length 10 or
II inches. In moft of our rivers.
Raj. 121. Will. 259.

2* Carpio. Carp. Beards 4. Rays of the anal
Fin 9. Hooks on the 3d ray of the
dorfal Fin. Scales large, imbricated.
Lateral line ftrait. Dorfal Fin blackifti ;
the others pale red. Raj, 115. Will.
246.

3 3- Gobi©^

FISHES. ABDOMINALES. 8^

3. Gobio. Gudgeon. Beards 2. Upper Jaw
longeft. Rays of the anal Fin 9.
Black fpots on the Back and Sides.
Lateral line black, and almofl ftrait,
Dorfal rays 10. Tail a little forked.
Length 5 inches. Raj. 123. Will. 264.

4. Tinea. Tench. Colour purplifli black. Scales

fmall and lubricous. Extremity of the
Tail even. Dorfal rays 12 ; anal 25.
Irides red. Length 10 or 11 inches.
Raj. 113, 117. Will. 251.

5. Cephalus. Chub, or Cheven. Head and Scales

large. Body long and roundifh. Anal
rays II. Tail even. Length 12 inches.
In moft of our rivers. Raj. ijg. Will,
255-

6. Phoxinus. Pink, Minime, or Minoiv Pink.

Body roundifh, pellucid. Lateral line
yellow. Brown fpots near the Tail.
Rays of the anal Fin 8. Colour va-
rious. Length 2 inches. In (hallow
rivers. Raj. 125. Will. 258.

7. Leucifcus. Dace. Body roundifli and flender.

Scales large, imbricated. Irides white.
Rays of the anal Fin 10. Length 6 or
7 inches. Raj. 121. Will. 260.

B. Rutilus. Roach. Iris, ventral and anal Fins
red. Scales large, imbricated; Late-
ral line curved dovi^nwards. Rays of
the anal Fin 12. Tail forked. Length
6 or 7 inches. Raj. 122. Will. 262.^

9. Orfus. Rud, or Fincale. Colour yellowifh

brown. Ventral, anal Fins anji Tail

G 2 red.

$4 FISHES. ABDOMINALES.

red. Red fpots on the valve of the
Gills. Irides yellow w^ith black fpots.
Dorfal rays lO ; anal 13. Tail forked.
In the lakes in Uoldernefs, Lincolnft).
Raj. iiS. WilI.2S2. Plot. Ox.

10. Erythrophthalmus. Red Eye. Iris and Fins

• red. Body tinged with red. Rays of
the anal Fin 15. Dots on the lateral
line 60. Rsj, 116.

11. Alburnus. Bleak. Under Jaw longeft.

Back convex. Belly fharp. Fins
whitifh. Scales large, imbricated. Anal
rays 20. Length 5 inches. In rivers.
Raj. 123. PFill. 263.

12. Brama, Bream. Fins blackifh- Back and

Belly ridged. Scales large, imbricated,
filvery. Rays of the anal Fin 27. Tail
forked. Length 12 inches. Frequent
in large rivers. Raj. lib. Will. 2^^..

CLASS

INSECTS. COLEOPTERA. S^
CLASS V.

INSECTS.

Antennse 2. Legs 6 or more. Breathe through
lateral Spiracula.

L COLEOPTERA.

ni
^•6

Wings 2, covered by 2 Shells, divided by a
lonoitudinal future. ^ 'j ::- .

SCARABiEUS. Antenns clavated, their
extremities f.ffile. Five joints in each
Foot.

, , . Thorax cormited.

jy Typhoeus. Bull-comk-r. Thorajc fmooth
with three hori.s or fpines, thofe on

J each {\6q extending forxyard equal with

i\[ , , the extremity of the Hea^. Shells
ftriated. Legs hairy. Length ^ inch.
Colour black. On Hamflead-Heath ia

3|if.D . the Spring. ' Pet: gaz. 'T . t.^. f. 3.

a.'Lunaris. Lunated Beetle. On the Head a
lunated helmet and an ere^l horn. Tho-
rax with t\yo horns and a longitudinal
line. Eight longitudinal fcratches on
eachShell. Colour dark brown. Length
•^^-^^'^ inch. ■^'^''-•1

-sM .' G 3 3. Nu-

t6 INSECTS. COfEOTTHKAl

3. Nuchicornis. ...... An erecS horn on

the back of the Head. Thorax rounded.
Head and Thorax Waek. Shells grey
clouded with black. Length -j^ inch.
Under Swines dung, frequent in the
Spring.

4. FofTor. Lttt/e oval Beetle. Black and fl^ining.

Three tranfverfe points on the Head,
Nine longitudinal ftriaa on the Shells.
Length 4 inch.

5. Fimetarius. Dung Beetle. Thorax rounded,

with a margin. Head and Thorax
black. Antennae and Shells red, in
fome grey. Frequent in the Spring on
Cow-dung. Length i. of an inch.

(f. Haemorrhoidalis Extremity of the

Shells and Legs red. Size of a grain
of Millet. In muflirooms and putrid
vegetables.

'^. Stejcorarius. Common Dor, or Clock. Hel-
met raifed in the middle. Corfefeit
rouhded, margined. Above black. Be-
neath fhining blue. Thighs hairy with a
brown fpot on the anterior ones. Shells
ftriated. Lensith i inch.

S. Vernalis. Colour intirely dark

fhining blue. Shells notftriated. Length
^ inch. Otherwife like the former.

9. Horticola. Black LegSy or Garden Beetle. Be-
neath black and hairy. Head and
Thorax blue. Shells light brown.
Length 4- inch. On Apple trees.

10. Me-

tNSECTS. COLEOPTERA 87

JO. Melolontha. Tree Bettle^ Brown, or Blind
Beetle. Thorax hairy. Incifures of
the abdomen white. Triangular white
fpot on each fide the Belly. Four ftriae
on each Shell. Tail (harp, long,
curved. Leaves <rf the Antennae 6 or
7. Length i inch. Geof. I. 70.

?I. Solftitialis. Hoary Beetle. Thorax hairy.
Shells pale brown with 3 white lines.
Tail not long. Length 4 inch. Fre-
quent in Autumn, in the eaftern part
of this kingdom.

12. Hemipterus. Flat Beetle. Scaly with white

dots. Head long and fmall. Thorax
woolly, margined, with two longitudi-
nal ridges. Shells abbreviated. Length
-i inch.

13. Fafciatus, Yellow Beetle. Head, Body, Corfe-

let black with yellow hair. Shells
pale yellovkT with 3 black crofs-lines.
Tail not quite covered. Length -i
inch,

14. Auratus. Rofe Chaffer^ Brafs Beetle^ or Gretn

Beetle. Colour green with a bronze
tinge. White tranfverfe fpots on the
iliells. Sternum proJ€<Ss towards the
Head. Length \ inch. On flowers,
particularly rofes, and pioniae.

15. Nobilis Differs from the laft in

being rather lefs, no bronze ting?,
thorax not proje6ling.

G 4. LUCA-

S8 INSECTS. COLEOPTERA,'

LUGANUS. Antennae elevated, compreff-
ed, pejStinato-ftfTile. Maxiilas extended
fo.^s to refemble horns. Five joints
in each foot.

1. Cervus. Stag-Beeth: Plead and Thorax

•black. Shells dark brown. Horns,
refembling thofe of a Stag, forked ^
the end, a fmajl branch near the mid-
dle on the infide, moveable. Shells
plain. Length i.^.. inch. In feveral
places near Jvondori. \

2. Parallelipipedus. ...... Like the laft, but

much lefs, aiid'more compreffed. Co-
lour black. P^t. p. 12. cap. i. n. 3.

3. Garaboides. Blue Stag. A violet tinge.

Horns lunated. Thorax margined.
Length -i inch.^ •■ -'

DERMESTES. Antennse of 3 joints, cla-
vated, perfoliated. Thorax convex.
Head concealed under the Thorax.

1. Lardarius Black. Anterior part

of the Shells grey. On each Shell 3
black fpots in the form of a triangle.
Produced from the bacon magot.
Length 2. inch.

2. Pelliq. Colour dark fhining brown.

A wT^ite fpot on each- Shell. In houfes
anu on flowers. Length i. inch.

3. Domefticus Colour black brown.

Thorax raifed and Ibmewhat hairy.

Shells

INSXCTS. 'COLEOPTIRA. Z§

Shells ftriated. Antennae redifh. On
being touched it rolls- itfelf up, anjl
continues motionlefs. It is this infe61-,
fays GeofFroy, which makes the round
holes in furniture, arid which we call
• the <leath-watch. Length ^^ inch.

^^^..umatus. . f ;. Colour ligpt brown.

Eyes black. Thorax margined. Size
of a loufe. In horfe dung.

5. Pulicaris.- Flm Beetk. Oblong;, black. Shells
:" abbreviated. Belly and Wings whitifli.

Runs and flies eafily. ., jSi^^ of a flea.

On flowers.^
.L £.16 ,3xciip8 . . .1

":' ,^ PTINUS. Antennae fub-filiform, the joint?
' ri- ; ■^^w•3^ds...'the end langell. Thorax
rouridiffil 'concealing the head.

"i". "Pediinicornis. , . i . . . . Black-brown. An-
,, , tennae pafe yellow, with teeth on the

' ^'^ inner fide. Legs colour of the An-

tennae.' Length ^ incH. In old trunks

of willows.

... p

2. Pcrtinax. . 4 . . . . Dark brown, with yel-
low ifli fpots ; cylindrical, oblong. An-
tenna plain like briftles. Thorax gib-
bous. On being touched he rolls himfelf
up, and continues motionlefs in fpite of
torture. This infect, fays Linnaeus,
deftroys my chairs.

. Mollis Red brown, fhining. Eyes

^ inch.

4. Fur.

.?

ii( black. Shells foftilb. Length —o^ inch.

90 INSECT J# COLEOPTERA.

4, Fur. . . • .?4f ^ Colour brown. Head large.
Antcnn«e longer than the body. Eyes
prominent. Corfeiet fmall, globous,
tubercular, but not dentatcd. Shells
with two tranfverfe white belts. Wings
minute. Very deftruftive in cabinets
of animal and vegetable productions.
Length y inch.

rilSTER. Antennse broken In the middfe
with a folid bulb at the end. Head
retradile.

I. Unicolor Square, black, poliflied.

Shells abbreviated, truncated, and faint-
ly ftriated. Head minute. Tail rounded.
Length from 1 to 4 tenths of an inch.

t. Bimaculatus * Black, poHihed.

Shells abbreviated, with i red fpoi on
each. Size of a grain of rice. Geof.
95. 2. Raj. 108. 14.

. GYRINUS. Antennje clavated, ftlfF,
(horter than the Head. Eyes 4.

I. Natator. IFater Flea. Bright black. Feet
yellow, flat, and large. Length 4 inch.
Runs with great celerity, in circles, on
on the furface of the water. Raj. 87.
10.

BYRRHUS. Antennse clavated, folid,
comprefled.

I. Scro-

INSECTS*. CQLEOPTURA. 91

^. Scrophularia. *.,.,« Body ova]> black.
Belly covered with white fcales. Head
fmall, retractile. Corfelet broad and
covered with red and white fcales.
Shells black, fcaly, with a white belt
and white fpot on each ; future red.
Length Ji^^ inch. Raj, 85. 37. On
flowers.

5. Verbafci Much like the laft, ex-
cept that it is lefs, and has 3 pale un-
dulated belts athwart the fliells.

SILPHA. Antennie clavated, foliated.
Head prominent. Thorax margined.

1. Vefpillio Margin of the thorax

broad. Shells abbreviated, black, with
2 yellow belts. Thighs of the hind
legs large with a fpine near their origin.
Length near i inch. On dead bodies,
Liji. tab. mul. 17. 15. loq. p. 381.

2. Biphuftulata Antennas long and

fmall. Black, with 2 red fpots on the
middle of each Shell. Length i. inch.

3. Puftulata Black, oblong. On

the Shells 4 brown fpots. Length ^
inch. On trees.

4. Quadripunfiata Head, Antennae

and Legs black. Margin of the Thorax
and Shells pale yellow, with 4 black
fpots. Length ~ inch. In Cain-wood,
near Hamilead.

5. Sabulofa.

^i 1 N S E CT si, C O L E 0 P T E R A^

5. Sabuloftl 'ib^H • .' ' ■ Black. • Antennae {horfg

gIbbuiaW' ' Five -ftriae on each fliell.

Shells and Wings fhort. Five joints

-on the 2 firft feeti 4 on the reft. In

'fand,

'6. A(^uatica. . •• . y. Brown, with a green
bronze tinged Four ribs on the thorax.
On each Shell 10 ftriae. LengtJi 4

-X3 ,. .-Jlhdfe.' ' ..... ..... .-.

y.Tulickia. ...... Black, oblong. Shells

^ '"'abbreviated. Abdomen rounded at the
extremity. Thorax and. Shells fcarce
' margined. Length 1 line. Found fre-
quently running on flowers.

CASSID A.; Antennas knotted,' enlarging
towards the ends. Shells and Thorax
biordpfed. Head concealed under the
cbrfelet. ,'<=:.

' ' '■' ■>>*■ ■? ' V ■ ''"^^ ' "" '^'^^^

1. Viric|is. ' Green Tortoife Beetle. Shells, dotted

^'1' r' and ftrisa^ed, o/efhanglihebocty.- Be'-

^•'^. '"* ^^°%i'eath black. Above 'green. Length

• '^' i line. On verficillated' plants, and

thifileS. C2«.ujiij'i .£

• • ") ' .

2. Nebulofa. , . V . . . t-iglit trown, clouded,

with black fpots.' Shells larger than
the body. Length I, 2, 3 lines. 'O^
thif^les.

3. NobillsL'* .'..... Yellowifh. grey, with a

green-gold line on each fhell, which,
dies with the infe£l. Length i ± line.

4. Maculata.

INSECfS. COLEOPTERA^ 93

4.' Maculata Green, or red. Shells

with longitudinal ftrlae, and 5 or 6
black fpots on each fide the future;
alfo 2 large black fpots near the upper
external angle of the Shells. Length
3 1. lines.

COCCINELLA. Antennse knotted, trun-
cated. Palpi longer than the antennae.
Body hemifpheric. Shells and Thorax
bordered. In each foot 3 joints.

J. 2-pun£lata Head, Thorax, and

Belly black. A large white fpot on
each fide of the Corfelef. Shells red,
with 2 black fpots. Length 2 i^ lines.
On the alder and fome other trees.

2. 5-pun<3:ata. .',?,>•'.. Differs from the 1 aft

in having 5 black fpots on the Shells.
In gardens.

3. 7-pun£i:3ta. Lady Cow, or Lady Bird. Kead

and Thorax black. Shells red, with
7 bUck fpots. Length 3 or 4 lines.
Geof. 321. 3.

4. 9-pun(?iata Black. Shells red,

with 9 black fpots. Length 24 lines.
On trees, Geof. 323. 4.

5. 14-punftata Above yellow. Po-

(lerior part of the Corfelet black. On
the Shells 14 fquare fpots. Length 2^
lines. Geo^. 328.

6. i6-pun»S^a':a Head, Corfelet, and

Siielis yellow, with 16 biack fpots.

Suture

^4 INSECTS. COLEOPTERA;

Suture black. Length i line. Geoff*
339- 16.

7. 22- punctata Head black. Cor-

felet and Shells yellow ; the firft with 7
black fpots, the latter with 20 only.
Length 1 4 line.

8. Conglobata Head, Corfelet, and

Legs yellow. On the Corfelet 7 black
fpots. Shells red with 8 black fpots on
each. Length 2 lines.

9. 14-guttata Head white. Eyes

black. Corfelet red, with white edges.
Shells red, with 14 white fpots. Length
2 lines. In woods.

10. 2-puftulata. ...... Head, Corfelet, and

Shells black, with a red tranfverfe
line, compofed of 3 fmall dots, on each
fhell. Abdomen red. Length i line.
On trees and flowers.

11. 6-puftulata Head black, with 2

yellow fpots. Corfelet black, with yel-
low edges. Shells black, with 6 red
fpots. Length 1 1. line.

CRYSOMELA. Antennae knotted, en-
larging towards the ends. Corfelet
margined.

Body oval.

I. Tanaceti. .:.,.. Black-brown, An-
tennae of II globules, black. Head
and Corfelet fquare. Corfelet and
Shells pufidured j 8 longitudinal lines

on

INSECTS. COLEOPTBR.A. 95

on the latter. Length 4 lines. On
common Tanfy.

Z. Graminis Convex, green-blue,

bright, pundlured. Eyes yellowifti.

3. Alni. Oval, dark blue. Shells

punctured. Antennae and Legs black.
On the common Alder.

4. Betulae. ...... Dark blue. Shells punc-

tured in ftriie. Length i i line. On
Birch trees.

5. Haemoptera Round, fmooth.

Wings red. Length 31. lines.

6. Cerealls Streaked longitudinally

with alternate blue and bronze lines,
and bordered vi^ith green-yellow. Wings
red. Length 3 lines.

7^ Polygoni Thorax cyllndricaL

Globules of the antennae of equal fize.
Head, Shells, and underfide of the Body
blue. Corfelet, Thighs, and Anus red'.
Legs and Antennas black. Shells ftri-
ated. On gral's.

8. Poljta. ....... Beneath green-bronze.

Head and Thorax gilt. Shells red,
pundured. Wings red. Antennoe
' black. Length 2i ^^nes. On Wil-

lows.

9. Populi '. Head, Thorax, and be-

Xieath green-blue. Shells red, tiptwith
black. Antennas black. Length ~ inch.
On poplar trees.

10. San-

g6 INSECTS. COLEOPTERAi

lo. Sanguinolenta Head, Corfelet,

and under fide blue. Shells pun£lured,

t black, with a red border. • Wings red.

Length 5 lines. In .Woods.

** sappers. Pojieriorihighs -thick i -E

ii. Oleracea Green-blue. Corfe-
let large and fquafe. Antennae half
the length of the- body* Length 2

'■■ lines.

12. Hyofcyami ' Above fine blue.

•In Shells ftriated. Legs brown. Length

. I line. On common Henbane.

13. Exfoleta Yellow. Eyes brown.

Length I -|. line. In gardens.

14. Nitldula Corfelet ruby-colour.

Shells blue, ftriated. Legs yellow-
brown. Leng<:h iline.

\^. Nemorum Black, with a yellow

longitudinal line on each Shell. Length
4, I line. On aromatic plants. Liji.
tabi mut. 1. 2. f. 29.

*** Body cylindrical.

J 6. 4-pun(5^ata Black, except the

Shells, which are red with 2 black
fpots on each. Antennae ferrared, and
placed before the eyes. Length 2
lines.

17. 2-pun6lata Antennas filiform,

as long as the body, long-jointed.
Corfelet gibbous, hemifpheric. Colour
black, except the Shells, which are

red

INSECTS. COLEOPTERA C)'J

■ ■- red, with 4 black fpots. Head partly

concealed. Length 2- lines.

18. Sericea Rich glofiy fjreen.

Shells puniflured. Antennje and Legs
blackifh. Corfelet gibbous. Antennas
long-jointed. Head priiy concealed.
Length 3 or 4 lines. Geo^. 233. 3.

**■** Body oblong. Thorax narrow.

19. Cyanella Blue-green. An-

tennas filiform. Thorax long. Shells
filiated. Length 2 lines. GcoJ/. i±t^. ^.

20. i2-pimaita Red. Shells with

6 black fpots on each. Antennas black.
Length 2 i. lines. On Sparagus.

21. Phellandrii Black. Corfelet

bordered with yellow. On each Shell
2 yellow firipes. ' Length 2 '- lines.
Gco-f. 266. 20. On the roots of Water
Hemlock.

22. Afparagi Head, Antenn.-r, and

under fide of the Body, black. Thorax
red, with 2 black fpots. Shells yellow,
with a black-blue crofs, and 4 fpots.
Length inline. On Sparagus.

CURCULiO. Antennae clavated, elbow-
ed in the middle, and fixed in the fnout,
which is prominent and horny. Joints
in each foot 4,

* Long-jnouted,

I. AHivUi-ie Black- blue. Shells

darker than the reft, and ftriated with
H minute

^8 INSECTS. COLEOPTERA.

minute pun£lures. Size of a Flea. On
Eryfimum alliaria, &c.

2. Cyaneus Black. Shells bluifh,

and ftriated with minute pun^luies.
Feet brown. Target white. Size of
a flea. On Willows.

3. Cerafi Black. Shells oblong,

ftriated. Double the fize of a Flea.
On Black Cherry-trees.

4. Pruni Black. Antennae brown.

Two Tubercles on the pofterior part
of the Thorax. On Cherry-trees.

5. Acridulus Bluifli black, Pyri-

form. Shells ftriated. Length li- line.
Geoff. 291. 32. On plants of the clals
Tetradynama.

6. Purpureus GlolTy purple. Snout

very long. Petiver found this atEpfom.

7. Granarius. Weevil^ or Bond. Black- brown.

Snout long and fmall. Thorax punc-
tured, and nearly as long as the abdo-
men. Length 1 4- line.

8. Dorfalis Antennae black-brown.

Shells red, ftriated ; future black.
Thighs black ; Legs yellow. Size of
a Flea. On the lefler Celendine.

9. Pini Dark grey. Extremities of

the Antennae yellowifh. Entirely co-
vered with minute pundlures. Two
obfcure brownifh broad lines on the
Thorax. Abdomen remarkably gibboug
towards the anus. On the Scotch Fir.

10. Lapathi,

INSECTS. COLEOPTERA. 99

10. Lapathi Black and white, be-

fet with prickles. Shells narrow be-
hind. Abdomen blackifh. Legs partly
reddifli. On Docks, particularly the
Water Dock.

11. Scaber Afh-coloured. Shells

brown, obfcurely mottled with white,
and covered with fnort brifiles. Legs
red. Double the fize of a Loufe. On
Nettles.

12. Qucrcus Pale yellow. Eyes

black. Shells with a whitilli line near
the future, and another at the bafe,
forming a right angle* Somewhat
larger than a flea. On the leaves of
Oak-trees.

13. Vifcarise Head and Legs black.

Thorax and Shells greenifli afh-colour.
Oval. Villous. Size of a Loufe. On
the Lythnis vifcaria.

14. 5-maculatus Grey. Snout very

long. On each Shell 2 white fpots,
and a black one between each. Length
1 lines.

15. Pcricarpius Black-brown, fome-

what globous, and clouded. Shells
ftriated, with a heart-fhaped white fpoc
on the anterior part. Length i line.
On Fig-wort.

16. Betulae Green-gold. Antennae

and Eyes black. The anterior verge
of the Thorax is fpinous in one fex.

H 2

in

lOO INSECTS. COLEOPTERA.

in the other not. On Birch and Alder
trees. Length 2 lines.

** Skippers J pojlerior thighs thick.

17. Beccabungoe Black. Corfelet

greyifh brown. Shells reddifti, with a
brown margin. Size of a Loufe. On
Vernonica heccabunga,

18. Alni Pale brown. Head and

Belly black. Shells ftriated ; 2 black
fpots on each. Length 14 line. On
the leaves of the Alder.

19.

&

Fagi Black. Head and Thorax

pun£lured. Shells flriated. Thighs
pale. On Beech-trees.

*** Long Snouts. Hiighs dentated.

20. Pomorum Clouded afti-colour.

On the Shells two tranfverfe brown
belts. A white fpot on the pofterior
part of the Thorax. Antennae and
Feet brown. A ftrong fpine on each
of the fore thighs. Bigger than a
Loufe.

21. Nucum Dark brov/n. Snout

as long as the body. Abdomen ends
in a point. Shells marbled ; Scutellum
white. Length 2 or 3 lines. In hazel
nuts.

22. Scrophularias Somewhat fpheri-

cal. Thorax narrow, befet with yel-
low-white hairs. Shells black-brown,
ftriatcd ; a large black fpot on the fu-
ture, on each fide of which are two
I fmall

INSECTS. COLEOPTERA. lOI

fmall white fpots. Length 3 lines.
On Fig-wort.

1^3. Tortiix Body oblong, yellowifli.

Breaft brown. Shells faintly ftriated.
Thisihs dentated. Twifted in the
leaves of thci Poplar.

**** Short Snouts. Thighs dentated.

24. Pyri Black. Snout deprefled.

Head and Thorax minutely pun£lured.
Shells oblong, with 7 excavated ftrias.
Antennae and Legs reddifh. On Pear-
trees.

25. Argentatus Covered with green-

bronze fcales. Antennas and Legs
brown. On each Shell 10 ftriae.
Length 4 lines. In gardens.

* *** Short Snouts. TJjighs not dentated.

26. Incanus Black, befet with

whitifh hair. Shells oblong, flriated,
rounded. Antenna red towards the
bafe ; firft joint very long. No wings.
Length 2 — 4 lines.

27. Nebulofus Snout thick, carinated,

black, with grey longitudinal ftripcs.
Thorax chagrined, and covered with
white hair. Shells black, with white
hair, obliquely ftriated. Length 6 lines.
On trees.

ATTELABUS. Antennas thicker towards
the apex. Head narrow behind. Four
joints in each foot.

H 3 I. Coryli.

102 INSECTS. COLEOPTERA.

1. Coryli Beneath, Antennae, Head,

Less black. Thorax and Shells red ;
the latter ftriated. Length 3 lines.

2. Formicarius Somewhat like an

Ant. Head concealed. Antennas black,
clavated. Thorax red, rough; ante-
rior margin black. Shells with a double
white belt, and red bafe. Length near
half an inch, Runs quick.

3. Aplarius Black-blue. Antennae

black, clavated. Corfelet hairy. Shells
•with 3 pale-red belts. Length 6
lines.

CERAMBIX. Antennae articulated, and
tapering to the end. Shells long and
narrow. Four joints in each foot.
Thorax with lateral fpines or tu,»
bcrcles.

1. Corlarius Black-brown, fiiining.

Antennae of 1 1 triangular joints, and
proceeding from the center of the eye.
Jaws flrong. Palpi 4. Thorax mar-
gined, tridentate. Shells margined.
Length In rotten wood. Raj. 95.

2. Mofchatus. Goat-chafer. Blue-green. An-

tennas length of the body. Shells with
2 longitudinal rugae. Wings black.
Length I inch. Smells like mufk.

3. Rufticus Yellow-brown. Long,

flender. Antennae fomewhat fhorter

than

INSECTS. COLEOPTERA TO3

< than the body. On each Shell two

narrow ridges. Belly brown. Lift,
loqu. 383. 10.

4. Sanguineus Black. Corfelet and

ShelljS red, hairy. Length half an inch.

LEPTURA. Antennae tapering to the
end. Shells narrower at the apex.
Thorax fomewhat cylindrical.

1. Aquatica Gilt. Antennae black.

A tubercle on each fide of the Corfelet.
Shells ftriated and truncated. Pofterior
thighs larger, with a fpine on the in-
terior fide. On Water-plants.

2. Melanura Black. Shells brown-

yellow, tipt with black. Antennae
length of the body. Thorax conic.
Length 3 — 5 lines.

3. Virens Black, covered with yel-

low green hair, except part of the
fhells, which is pundured. Antennae
above black, beneath yellow. Liji. T.
mut. 18. 23.

4. Arcuata. Great Wafp Beetle. Black- brown.

Antennse length of the body. Target
yellow. Three tranfverfe yellow lines
on the Head ; 3 on the Thorax ; and
3 yellow arched lines, with as many
fpots of the fame colour, on the Shells.
Length 5 — 8 lines. In rotten wood.
Pet. t. 63. 7,

H 4 5. Arietis.

104 INSECTS. COLEOPTERA.

5. Arietis. Common JVafp Beetle, Dark brown.
Anterior and pofterior margin of the
Corfelet yellow. Target yellow. Four
yellow lines on each Shell.

6'. Pr^ufta. ...... Black. Shells foftifh,

pundlured, yellow tipc with black.
Fore Legs yellow. Antennae not quite
the length of the Body. Length 2
lines.

LAMPYRIS. Antennze filiform. Shells
flexile. Thorax plain, fomewhat or-
bicular, concealing the Head. Sides
of the Abdomen papillous and folded.

1. No£liluca. Glow-tvorjn. Male : Antennae
and Head black. Shells brown, cha-
grined, with 2 longitudinal raifed lines.
3Slear the extremity of the Abdomen 4
luminous fpots. Length 4 lines. Fe-
male: No Shells nor Wings. Brown.
Abdomen of 10 rings, the 3 laft of
which are luminous. Length 6 lines.

CANTHARTS, Antenns taper. Thorax
margined. Shells flexile. Sides of the
Abdomen papillous and folded. In
each Foot five joints.

I. Fufca Antennas flat, black,

yellowifii at their bafe. Head, Shells,
Legs, and Belly black-brown. Thighs,
Jaws and Sides yellowifh. Length
half an inch. On flowers.

2. Livida.

INSECTS. COLEOPTERA. IO5

2. LiviJa. ....... Head orange. Eyes black.

Corfelet tawny red. Shells black, or
pale yellow. Legs black and yellow.
Beneath black. Sides partly yellow.
On flowers.

3. JEnez Green-gold. Shells red

on the external fides. Jav/s and 3 or
4 firft beads of the Antennas yellow :
the 2d and 3d of thefe globules have
each a fharp appendix. Length 3 lines.
On flowers.

4. Fafciata Antennae and Legs black.

Thorax greenifh. Shells black, with 2
red belts. Length li. lines,

5. Biguttata Greenifh-brown. Legs

yellow. Shells black-brown, abbre-
viated, and tipt with orange. Length
14- line.

6. Minhna Head and Antennas black.

Corfelet red, with a black fpot on the
center. Shells deep brown, tipt with
yellow. Length i line.

ELATER. Antennae taper, lodged in a
groove under the Head and Thorax
Under fide of the Thorax terminates in
a point lodged in a cavity of the Ab-
domen. Laid on the back, they fpring
a confiderable height.

I, Bipuilulatus Black, glofly. A

red fpot near the bafe of each ShtW.
Length 3 lines.

2. Ruficollis.

106 INSECTS. COLEOPTERAr

2. Ruficollis. ...... Black. Thorax red.

On each Shell 8 ftrix. Shells blui(h.
Length 3 lines.

3. Caftaneus., Thorax brown, fome-

what hairy. Shells ftriated, yellow-
brown, tipt with black. Length 5 lines.
In woods, on the bark of trees.

4. Sanguineus Black. Shells red,

with 10 longitudinal ftriae on each.
Antennse ferrated, efpecially in the
male. Length 5 lines. On the bark
of trees.

5. Balteatus , Black. Shells ftriated,

with the anterior part yellow-red.
Length 4 lines.

6. Peflinicornis Brownifh green,

with a copper tinge. Antennae ferrated,
particularly in the male, which is alfo
greener than the female. On each
Shell 9 ftriae. Length 6 lines.

7. Niger Black-brown, clouded,

and covered with fhort grey hair. An-
tennae fliort, and fomewhat ferrated.
On prefling appear 2 veficles near the
Anus. Length half an inch.

CICINDELA. Antennae taper. Jaws
prominent, denticulated. Eyes promi-
nent. Thorax margined. In each
foot 5 joints.

J. Campeftris Above green-gold.

Beneath copper-tinged. Eyes large.

Thorax

INSECTS. COLEOPTERA. 10/

Thorax angular and narrower than the
head. Six white fpots on each Shell.
An oval fubftance at the bafe of each
thigh. Legs long and flender. Length
6 lines. Runs quick. In paftures.

2. Riparia Green-gold. Eyes black.

Thorax narrow. Shells covered with
broad excavated fpots with a reddifti
ftud in the center of each. Length 2
or 3 lines. On wet fandy ground.

3. Aquatica Black-bronze. An-

tennae flender. Head deeply furrowed,
Corfelet pun£lured. Shells ftriated.
Length 3 lines. In wet fandy ground.

BUPRESTIS. Antennae taper, the length
of the thorax. Head half concealed.

1. Chryfoftigma Brown-gold. Eyes

large. Thorax broad and fhort. Shells
long, narrow, ending iji a point, with
3 ftriae and 2 gold fpots on each.
Length half an inch.

2. Ruftica Bright green-gold. Eyes

red. A round hollow fpot on the po-
fterior part of the Corfelet. Shells long
and narrow, with 10 ftrize on each.
Length 7 lines.

3. Granularis Antennas clavated.

Above brown-brafs. Beneath black.
Shells ftriated. Thorax with 5 furrows.
Size of a Flea,

DYTISCUS.

loS INSECTS. COLEOPTERAi

DYTISCUS. Antennas ra per, or clavato-
perfoliated. Feet villous and broad.

* Antenncs ■perfoliated.

1. Piceus Black. Antennas of 9

joints, brown, except the }aft which is
black, fmooch, and larger. Falpi 4, 2 of
which are lon.^er than the Antennae.
Thorax and Shells plain and glofly. Ex-
tremity of the Abdomen fomev/hat
pointed. Length an inch and a half.
A fpine at the pofterior part of the
Sternum.

2. Caraboides Black, glofly. Shells

punctured in ftriae. Abdomen rounded.
Antennas and Palpi black. Spine of
the SterMum fhorter than in the laft.
Length 7 lines.

3. Fufcipes Black. Palpi and Feet

brown. Thorax punflured. Shells
ftriated. Length 3 lines.

** Jntenna taper.

4. Latiffimus Black. Exterior mar-

gin of the Shells broad, yellov/. Length
1 ^ inch. On water.

5. Marginalis Black. Exterior mar-

gin of the Thorax and Shells yellow.
£ycs large, " found,' black. A tranf-
verfe tawny line on the upper lip.
-Palpi 4. Antcnn.-E and Palpi tawny.
Length I inch. On water.

6. Semi-

INSECTS. COLEOPTERA. IO9

6. Semiftriatus Elack-brown. Head,

Antennae, margin of the Thorax, ex-
terior edges of the Shells, and beneath,
yellow. On each Shell 10 ftrioe, which
extend only -l^^-^- of its length. Length
near an inch and half. Is not this the
female of the laft ? Water.

y. Cinereus. Small fmooth TV^ater- Beetle. Head
black, the anterior part yellow ; alfo
5 yellow fpots, ;ind a tranlVerfe yel-
low ftripe. Shells afa-cqlour, with
yellow margin. Beneath black, with
yellow fpots bfi the Sides. Legs black
and vellov/. Antennas yellow. Length
7 lines. Water.

S. Sulcatus Shells back, with' four

^■^ broad furrows, in which are grey-brown

hairs. Otherwife like the laft, of which
it is probably the female. Length 6
lines. Water.

CARABUS. Antennse taper. Thorax and
Shells margined. A large appendix at
the bafe of the pofterior thighs. Five
joints in eaqh. foot.

I. Granulatus Thorax deep purple

fprinkled with copper. Shells dark
green, ftriated v/ith gold ; three rows
of oblong beads, with intermediate flrait
convex lines, on each Shell. No

W; Wings. Length 8 lines. In the fields

near London,

2. Leu-

no INSECTS. COLEOPTERAi

2. Leucophthalmus. ....... Black. On

each Shell 8 ftriae. Thorax fmall.
Liji. loqu. 390.

3. Violaceus Black. Margin of

the Thorax and Shells gloffy violet.
Length |. of an inch. Runs very
quick. In fields.

4. Crepitans Head, Antennze, Tho-

rax, Legs, red-brown. Eyes black.
Shells and Belly black-blue. Shells
ftriated. Length 3 lines. Under ftones.

5. Cyanocephalus Head and Shells

blue. Thorax and bafe of the An-
tennas red-brown. Legs black and
red. Length 3 lines.

6. Melanocephalus Head, Shells, and

beneath, black. Antennae, Corfelet,
Legs red-brown. On each Shell 8
ftriae. Length 3 lines.

7. Vulgaris Antennae and Legs

black. Thorax as broad as long. Above
black-bronze. Beneath black. Length
3 lines.

8. 6-pun(5tatus. ...:.. Head and Thorax

glofly-green. Shells bright copper,
faintly ftriated, and with 6 pundtures
on each, ranged longitudinally ; ex-
terior margin green. Length 4 lines.
On the fand near brooks.

9. Uftulatus Head and Thorax

black; the latter rounded. Shells black-
brown, with 2 yellow fpots on each.

Bafe

INSECTS. COLEOPTERA. lit

Bafe of the Antennae and Legs brown.
Length I, 2, or 3 lines.

10. 4-maculatus Head black. Cor-

felet yellow, with a confpicuous mar-
gin. Shells obtufe, fmooth, brown,
with 2 pale yellow fpots on each. An-
tennae and Legs pale yellow. On the
the fandy banks of rivers.

TENEBRIO. Antennae globular, and
larger at the end. Thorax margined.
In the 2 hind feet 4 joints, in the
other 5.

1. Molitor Winged. Above black.

Beneath black-brown. Antennae length
of the Thorax. Head and Corfelet
fmooth. Shells long and ftrait, with 9
ftriae on each. Upper part of the
thighs large and round. Length ylines.

2. Mortifagus. Slow-legged Beetle. No Wings.

Black, not gloHy. Antennae of 1 1 glo-
bules, and placed before the Eyes,
which are fmall. Shells fmooth, united,
ending in a point. Articulation of the
thighs with the body, a ball and focket.
Fcctid. Length I inch. Z,//?. /c^. 388. 21.
Charlt. Ex. 48. Geof. 346. i.

3. Coeruleus. Bloody-egg Beetle. No Wings.

Antennas blue tipt with black. Black-
blue. Shells obtufe. Thorax orbicu-
lar. Length i inch. On being hurt,
difcharges a red liquor from the mouth.
Raj. 388.

X MELOE.

112 INSECTS. COLEOPTERA.

MELOE. Antennae globular, the laft glo-
bule oval. Thorax roundifli. Shells
foft. Head gibbous, and bent down-
wards.

I. Profcarabeus No Wings. An-
tennae thickeft in the middle. Black-
blue. Head broad. Thorax narrower
than the head, and without margin.
Shells pointed and fhort. On being
touched, a brown liquor ilRies from the
joints. Length i inch. Geof, 377. i.

MORDELLA. Antennae filiform, ferrated,
joints triangular. Head bent down-
wards. Palpi comprefled, clavated,,and
obliquely truncated." Shells curved to-
wards the apex.

I. Aculcata Black. Antennae of ir

joints, firft 4 globular, the reft trian:-
gulaj-. Shells fmooth, fnbrt. Abdomen
ends in a foft point. Four joints in the
2 hind feet, 5 in the reft. Length 3
lines. On flowers.

STAPHYLINUS. Antenna globular. In
each foot 5 joints. Shells curtailed.
Wings covered. Tail defencelefs, with
2 veiicles.

I. Murinus Antennae of 9 globules.

Head deprefied. Downy, grey clouded
wilh black. Length 6 lines. On
horfe-dun^.

2* Alaxiliofus,

insects; coleoptera. 113

2. Maxillofus. ...... Black, downy. An-

tennae of II globules. Jaws as long
as the head. Shells gieyifli, cover one
third of the Abdomen. Length i inch.
In woods.

3. Rufus Orange colour. Antennas

fomewhat larger at the ends. Head
black with long Jaws. Pofterior part
of the Shells, and Anus black. On the
middle of the Shells 2 longitudinal
punctured lines. Length 3 lines.

4. Riparius Red-brown. Head, An-

tennae, and 2 laft rings of-the Abdo-
domen black. Shells blue. Length 3
lines. On wet fand.

5. Chryfomelinus Short, oval. Head

and Abdomen black. Corfelet and
Shells ftraw colour. Antennas brown,
enlarging towards the end. Abdomen
fliort, thick, villous. Length i line.
On fand, and near walls.

FORFICULA. Antennas tapering. Shells
curtailed. Wings covered. Tail forked.
In each foot 3 joints.

1. Auricularia. Earwig. Antennae of 14 joints.

Brown. Shells tipt with white. Length
7 lines.

2. Minor. Lefs Earwia. Pale chefnut. An-

tennae of II j«pi;its. Length 3 lines.

II. H E-

114 INSECTS. HEMIPTERA.

II, HEMIPTERA.

Shells, pt upper wings, femi-cruftaceous,
not divided by a ftraight future, but incumbent on
each other. Beak curved downward.

BLATTA. Antennae taper. Thorax or-
bicular, margined.

I. Grientalis Brown. Head fmall

and almoft entirely concealed. Corfe-
let large and oval. Shells tranfparent,
membraneous, and fhort. Three ftria?,
the middle one ferpentine, on each
Shell. Two veficular points, one on each
fide the laft ring of the Abdomen. The
Female has neither Shells nor Wings,
but the rudiments of each. Length
near an inch. In bake-houfes, and near
chimnies.

GRYLLUS. Head maxillous, and with
Palpi. Antennae filiform, or taper.
Wings folded. Hind legs ftrong for
leaping.

1. Bipunftatus Dark brown. No

Shells. Corfelet, gradually diminifh-
ing, extends to the extremity of the
Abdomen. Antennae filiform, ftiort.
In each foot 3 joints. Length 4 lines.

2. Subulatus. Dark brown. An-

tennae filiform, Ihort, of 13 joints.

No

INSECTS. HEMIPTERA. 11^

No Shells. Corfciet: longer than the
body. Length half an inch.

3. Gryllotalpa. Aide Cricket. Dark brown.

Antennae filiform, long, fmall. Head
long and fmall. Four fliort thick Palpi.
Corielet cylindrical. Shells fhort.
Whole Body villous. Two fmall Tails.
In each foot 3 joints. Fore feet large,
palmated. Length 18 lines. Lives
chiefly under ground.

4. Domefticus. Houfe Cricket. Antennae long,

filiform. Head large, roanJ. Thorax
fhort, broad. Shells, in the Male,
longer than the Abdomen ; in the Fe-
male much fhorter. In the Female,
a long hard point, thick at the end, at
the extremity of the Abdomen ; in both
2 appendices. Kind feet much larger
than the reft. Length i inch.

3

5. Campeftris. Field Cricket. Antennae black,

almofl as long as the body, the* laft
joint very large. TJiorax very fliort.
Shells oval, alh-colour. Two Tails.
Feet black. Jaws firong. Lodges un-
der ground.

6. Verrucivorus. Great green G^'cifshopper. An-

tennae longer than the body, and taper.
Shells clouded, and Wings reticulated j
both exceed the length of the abdomen
confiderably. Beyond the Abdomen of
the female extends a kind of Iword
with a double blade. Length i inch.

I 2 7. GrofTus,

Il6 INSECTS. HEMIPTERA.

7. Grofl'us. Common Grafshopper. The larger
fort greenifli, the leller red. Antennae
cylindrical, of 24 joints. A ridge in
the form of an X on the Corfelet.
Length 5 — 10 lines.

CICADA. Antennae taper. Shells mem-
braneous. In each foot 3 joints. Hind
legs ftrong for leaping.

1. Cornuta Black-brown. An-

tennae fliort. Thorax biccrnuted, the
posterior horn extends almoft to the
extremity of the Abdomen. Wings
diaphanous, crofTed. Brown veins on
the Shells. Length 4 lines. On trees,
ferns, &c.

2. Spumaria. Black-headed Froghopper^ or Cuckow-

fpit Infe^^ or Froth-worm. Brown. Be-
neath lighter. Shells with 2 imperfect
white belts, or long tranfverfe fpots.
In the midft of white froth on diverfe
plants.

3. Leucocephala. ...... Head and forepart

of the Corfelet yellow white. Shells
brown, with a yellow border. Beneath
yellowifh. Length 2 {- lines.

4. Lateralis Black. Shells with a

white border. Beneath white ; middle
of the Belly black. Length 3 lines.

5. Striata Head pale-green, with 6

black fpots. On the Target 2 black

fpots, with a pale circle round each.

I On

INSECTS. HEMIPTERA. II7

On the Shells black and white oblique
ftriae. Beneath brown. Length 1 4-
line.

6. Interrupta. Striped Froghopper. Head black

with a few yellow fpots. Corfelet black,
with a yellow fpot on the pofterior part.
Target yellow in the center. Shells
yellow with black lines. Beneath
yellow. Length 2 lines. '

7. Viridis Head yellow, with 2 black

fpots. On the Target 2 black dots.
Wings and upper part of the Abdomen
lead colour. Legs yellowifh. Length
3 lines. On water plants.

8. Ulmi Yellow-green. Ends of

the Shells brown-gold. Length i-i-
line. On Elms.

9. Rofas Green-yellow. Wings

white. Length i line. On rofe-trees.

NOTONECTA. Antennae beneath the
Eyes. Wings crofTed and complicated.
Feet formed for fwimming. Hind feet
hairy.

I. Glauca. Common Boat-fly. Head yellow;
Eyes brown, large. Thorax, anterior
part yellow, pofterior black. Shells
clouded black and brown. Beneath
brown. Feet of 2 joints. Length 6
lines. Swims on its back. On fmocth
water.

I 3 2. Striata.

Il8 INSECTS. HEMIPTERA.

2. Striata. Brotvn Boat-fy. Deprefled. Head
and Legs yellow. Eyes dark brown.
Thorax and Shells brown with many
tranfverfe undulated parallel yeilowifh
Jines. Feet of i joint. Length half
an inch. Fore feet like crab's claws.

7 Smells difagreeably. On water.

■3. Minutillima. Little Boat-Jiy. Grey, with Ion- v
gitudinal brown fpots. Length i line.
Swims on its back.

NEP.A. Antennae, or Fore legs cheliform.
Wings crwfied and complicated j fore
part coriaceous.

'%, Cinerea. Water Scorpion. Black-brown. Head
fmall, Antennae cheliform. Thorax
almoft fquare. Target large, brown.
Shells large. One joint in each foot.
Length near an inch. In the Female
the Abdomen terminates in two long
appendices. Four legs only. On water.

2, Cimicoides Olive, Antennae

very fhort. Head broad, flat. Two
fore legs cheliform. Sides of the Ab-
domen ferrated. In each foot 2 joints.
Length 4 or 5 lines. On water.

3. Linearis Green-brown. An-

tenna cheliform. Legs 4. In each
foot one joint. Head fmall. Thorax
longp cylindrical. Abdomen red be-
neadi. Two long Tails. Length, '
exclufive of the Tails, 13 lines. On
ftagnant water.

CIMEX.

INSECTS. HEMIPTERA. II9

CIMEX. Antennae longer than the Tho-
rax. Thorax margined. In each foot
3 joints.

1. Lc£lularius. HoufeBug. No Shells or Wings.

Reddifh brown. Head and Shoulders
red.

2. Scaraboides Antennae fomewhat

clavated. Target covers the whole
Abdomen. Above black-bronze. Wings
white. Legs fpinous. Beneath black.
Sixe of the Lift. On flowers in mea-
dows.

3. Clavicornis Antennaeof 4 joints,

clavated. Head and Belly black. Legs
brown. Corlelet black, with a white
margin. Shells diaphanous, white, WMth
black punctures on the edges. Length
J ■^- line.

4. Corticalis Blackifh. Extremely-

flat and thin. Head triangular. An-
tennae of 3 joints. Shells and Wings
grey. Abdomen long, flender, and
imbricated at the fides. SiT^e of the
houfe bug. On trees.

5. Betulac! Brown-grey. Much de-

prefled. Thorax furrowed, rough, black
in the center, fides grey, denticulate.
Shells p;rcy, clouded. Wings brown.
Legs black s Feet red. On birch-trees.

6. Filicis Oval, deprefled. Head

and Legs livid. Eyes, Abdomen, and
[ 4 Thorax

120 INSEpTS. HEMIPTERA.

Thorax black. Shells brown, with a
ycllowifh margin. On Fern.

7. Marginatus Red-brown. An-

tennas of 4 joints, red in the middle,
with fpines near their bafe. Thorax
obtufely angulated. Abdomen broader
than the Shells. Length 6 lines.

8. Baccarum Qval. Olive- brown.

f Beneath brown-yellow. Antennae and

{ides of the Abdomen alternate black
and yellow. 'Ihorax fhort and very
brpad. A large orange fpot at the
pofterior angle of the Target. Length
half an inch. Extremely fcetid. An-
tennae of 5 joints. On Goofeberry
- bufhcs. I caught one of thefe on the
bag of a gentleman's wig in Fleet-
ilreet.

9. Janiperinus Roundifl). Green,

with yellow margins. Antennas of 5
joints. Snout bends quite under the
Belly. Corfelet large, with obtufe
angles at the fides. Target laro-e. All
the upper part punctured, wiia black
dots. Length half an inch.

10. Caeruleus ' Oval. Blue-green-

bronze. Antennae of 5 joints, and
Legs black. Corfelet and Shells punc-
tured. VVingsbrown. Length 3 lines.

11. Oleraceus ■. Above bh;ck-blue-

bronze, with red or white lines and
fpots : viz. on the Corfelet a longitu-
dinal line ; on the point of the Target

a fpjt J

INSECTS. HEMIPTERA. 121

a fpot ; a fpot on the anterior part of
each Shell ; and a line on the exterior
verge of both Corftlet and Shells.
Joints of the Antennae 5. Length 3
lines.

^2. Bicolor Above black- blue. Be-
neath black. Exterior verge of the
Corfelet white. Tw^o vi'hite fpots on
each Shell. Membraneous part of the
Shells brow^n. Joints of the Antennae
5. Length 3 lines.

13. Acuminatus Oval. Yellow-
white. Antennseof 5 joints, red-brown.
Snout fiiarp. Thorax narrow before j
reft of the body oval. Two brown
longitudinal lines from the crown to
the center of the Target. Length 3
lines.

J4. Perfonatus Black. Head fmall ;

Snout long, fharp. Eyes very large.
Antenna of 4 joints, Iharp pointed.
Corfelet triangular, with 2 large tu-
bercles on the fore part. Shells en-
tirely membraneous. Legs long. Flies
well. Length 7 or 8 lines. In houfes.

^5. Hyofcyami Scarlet Bug. An-
tennae of 4 joints. Head, Corfelet,
pofterior point of the Target, Shells,
and under fide of the Body red. An-
tennas, Eyes, and Legs black. Two
black fpots on the Head ; 2 on the
Corlelet, and a black crofs on the
Shells. Length 4 lines.

16. Equeftris.

J 22 INSECTS. HEMIPTERA.

16. Equeftrls Head, Corfelet, Shells,

and Belly red. Eyes, Antennas, Legs,
fore part of the Corfelet, and a tranf-
verfe belt on the Shells, black. A
white fpot on the membraneous part of
the Shells. Antennce of 4 joint?.
Length half an inch.

17. Apteru5. ."".". f, . . Antennae of 4 joints.

Hea(?i 'Antennae, Legs, and Target
black. Corfelet black, with a broad
red margrn. Shells red, with a round
black fpot in the middle. Beneath
black, with a red margin. Length 4
lines.

18. Pratenfis Oblong, Above

grey- green -yellow. On the Target a
yellow heart-fnaped fpot, and three
fpots on the Shells. Beneath, An-
tenn?e, and Legs yeljowilh. Antennae
of 4 joints. Length 3 1. lines.

•ic). Umbrattlis. Green yellow. A

grcenifl'i hcart-fhaped fpot on the Tar-
get. A brown fpot on the Shells.
Antennae brown of 4 joints. Length
I l- line. On flowers.

'20. Striatus. Fire Jlreaked Bugkin. Antennae
black, of 4 joints. Eyes and Legs brown.
Corfelet black, with 5 longitudinal
yellow lines. Target black. Black
and yellow longitudinal lines on the
Shells, with a vellow trian'2;le at the
ends. Beneath black. Length 3 lines.
In the woods near Hamftcad.

21. Populi.

INSECTS, HE MI PT ERA. I23

21. Populi Brown and white clouded.

Antennae as long as the body, taper.
Shells deprefled. Legs long, black and
white. In woods, particularly on the
trunk of the Poplar.

22. Ulmi. ...... Antennae not quite fo long

as the body, taper. Head and Thorax
red-brown. Shells pale, with longitu-
dinal crimfon veins. Wings brown,
with white fpots.

23. Abietis Antennae filiform, black,

of 4 joints. Head (harp, black. Tho-
rax black, behind red-brown. Target
black. Shells pale, fides yellow, black
fpot in the middle. Legs red. Fore
thighs very thick and dentated. Ab-
domen brown. On the Scotch Fir.

24. Lacuftris Above black. Beneath

black and white changeable. Antennae
black, of 4 joints, half as long as the
body. Eyes large, prominent. Fore
legs much fhorter than the reft. Length
4 Tines. Runs quick on the furface of
ftill water.

25. Stagnorum Black-brown. Long,

flender. Head one-third of its whole
length. Antennae as long as the head,
and very fmall. Eyes minute, promi-
nent. Fore legs (hort. Length ~ inch.
Breadth ^ line. On ftagnant water.

26. Vagabundus Brown and white.

Head large ; Snout curved. Thorax
long, cylindrical. Shells very long.

Fore

124 INSECTS. HEMIPTERA.

Forelegs fliort, thick. Four hind legs
very long and flender. Length 2 lines.
Breadth ^ line.

APHIS. Beak inflexed. Antennae longer
than the Thorax. . Wings 4, erecSi:, or
none. Feet of one joint. Extremity
of the Abdomen generally forked,

1. Ribis. Currant Lovfe. Green- brown. An-

tennas black, longer than the body.
Wings ere6l, with black veins. Podex
prominent, with 2 bridles. Size of a
common loufe. On red currant bufhes.

2. Ulmi. Ehn Loufe. Oblong, brown, covered

with thin white down. Antennae thick.
Wings tranfparent, with a brown fpot
on the exterior margin. Size of a grain
of millet.

3. Sambuci. Elder Loufe. Bluifh black. Mi-

nute.

4. Rumicis. Dock Lcufe. Black- bronze. An-

tennae white, tipt with black. Legs
grey, with bluifh joints. Bafe of the
Wings green. On the ftiarp-pointed
Dock.

5. Acetofae. Sorrel Loufe. Black, with a green

belt.

6. Lychnidis. Campion Lcufe. Black. An-

tennas and Legs pale. Abdoinen ob-
tufc.

7. Rofxc. Rofe Loufe. Green or red. Antennae

blackj the length of the abdomen.

i. Tilijc.

INSECTS. HEMIPTERA, I25

8. Tilia?. Lime Lcufe. Oblong. Greenifh. An-

tennae and Legs black and white.
Wings bordered and fpoticd with
black.

9. Brafficas. Callage Loufe. Green, mealy.

10. Craccae Oval, margined, bluifli-

black, mealy.

11. Sonchi Black, or fometimes

bronze. Between the tails a third ap-
pendix, curved upwards. On the Sow-
Thiftle.

12. Cardui Brazen-black, poliflied.

Legs and Antennae black, with the bafe
whitifh. Abdominal appendix black.
On Thirties.

13. Tanaceti Red-brown. Rudi-

ments of the Wings, AntennDS, and
Legs paler. On I'anfy.

14. Abfinthii Black. Back greyifh,

with a large brown fpot. Middle ap-
pendix erecl.

15. Jaceae Black. Wings white.

Extremity of the Abdomen brown.
On common Knapweed.

16. Betulae Greenifh. No Wings.

Sides fpotted with black. On Birch-
trees.

17. Fagi Green, covered with white

down. On Beach-trees.

j8. Quercus.

26 INSECTS. HIMTPTERA.

i8. Quercus Brown, Trunk three

times as long as the Body. Under the
bark of trees.

19. Salicis Black, with white fpots.

Tails brown. On Willows.

20. Populi Oval, livid. On each

fide 5 white fpots. No Tails. Rudi-
ments of the Wings acute. On Poplars.

21. Aceris. ...... Green. Middle of the

Head and of the Corfelet black. A
brown fpot near the Tail. On the
leaves of the Maple.

22. Atriplicis Green. Eyes black.

Rolled up in the leaves of grafs-leaved
Orache.

CHERMES. Trunk or Snout proceeding
from the Breaft, between the firft and
fecond pair of Legs. Antennae longer
than the Thorax. Wings 4, deflexed.
Thorax gibbous. Skip.

1. Graminis Antennae whitlfh, tip-

ped with black. Legs white. Head
and Thorax grey, with white lines.
Does not fkip.

2. Pyri Grey. Abdomen fhort,

with tranfverfe white lines. On Pear-
trees.

3. Sorbi Above ftreaked with black.

Beneath greenifli. Corfelet yellowifh,
with two dots on the anterior part, and
on the pofterior 4 black lines. ■ On the
mountain afh.

4. L'^rticjc.

INSECTS. HEMIPTERA. 127

4. Urticse Brown. Sides and Legs

white. Antennae black, bafe white.
Eyes yellowifh. On Nettles.

5. Alni. White. Eyes lateral, pro-

minent. Tail forked. Antennas va-
riegated. Mouth black, between the
ift and 2d pair of Legs. On the com-
mon alder.

6. Quercus White- yellow. Shells

with 4 brown fpots on the exterior,
and one on the interior Margin. On
the leaves of the Oak.

7. Abietis. White-yellow. An-

tenna; taper. Eyes brown, with a black
fpeck between them. Wings bluifli.
Length 2 lines. In large tubercles on
the ends of the branches of the com-
mon Fir.

S. Fraxini Brown. Antenna fmall

and taper. On the Corfelet a tranf-
verfe belt, and a longitudinal yellow
line. Wings longer by half than the
Abdomen, which is blackifh. Length
i~ line. On Afh-trees.

COCCUS. Trunk proceeding from the
breaft. Wings, in the Male, 2, ere£l: ;
Female none. Four or 6 v/hite briitles
at the extremity of the Abdomen.

X. Hefperidum. Green-honfe Bug. Oval, brown,

oblong, covered with a kind of varnifh.

Legs 6. A notch and 4 brililes at the

I Tail,

128 INSECTS. LEPIDOPTER A,"

Tail. When young it runs upon thrf
trees, but afterwards fixes on feme leaf
where it hatches an infinity of eggs,
and dies. The male is a very fmall fly.
On Orange-trees, &c.

2. Betulae Green-brown. On Birch-

trees ; on the divarications of the
branches.

3. Phalaridis Red-white, mealy. On

Canary-grafs*

THRIPS. Beak obfcure. Antennae as long
as the Thorax. Body narrow. Wings
4, ftraight, narrow.

1. Phyfapus Black. Shells blulfh.

Antennae of 6 joints. Wings very
narrow. Runs quick, and fkips. Lefs
than a Flea. Frequent on Dandelion.

2. Juneperina Antennae of 7 joints,

yellowifti. Corfelet and Abdomen
black. Shells and Wings grey. Legs
black. Feet, of two joints, yellowilh.
Runs fwift. On the bark of old trees*
Length I line.

3. Fafciata Black. Shells with 3

white belts. Lefs than a Flea. On
flowers.

" in. LEPIDOPTER A.

Wings 4, imbricated with very minute
fcales. Tongue, or Trunk, fpiral. Body hairy.

PAPILEO.

INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA. 12^

PAPILEO. Antennne clavateil. Wings,
when at reft, erecb. Diurnal.

X. Machaon. Royal ff^t/Iiam, or Sivallow-iail
Butterjiy. Black and yellow. Biidy
black above, yellow on the Sides and
Belly. Eyes, Antennas, and Trunk
black. Firft Wings rounded, irt the
middle yellow, with black lines ; near
the pofterior verge 8 yellow femilunar
fpots. Second Wings black and yel-
Jow, with 2 long Tails, and 2 orange
fpots, furrounded with blue, at tne po-
fterior angle. Caterpillar large, fmooth
pale-green, with black tranfverfe ftripes
fpotted with orange. On umbelliferous
plants. Breeds in May and July.

2. Podaliripus. ...... In fliape and colour

much like the laft, but the yellow is
paler, and the Tails longer and nar-
rower. On the I ft Wing, 6 black
ribs, and a black margin. On the 2d,
an oblique black rib, and a black bor-
der with 4 or 5 blue femilunn.r fpots,
and near it 6 yellow fpots. Rare, in
woods.

3. Cratcegi. IFl/ite Bntterjiy. zvhh bhck veins.

Wings rounded. Bieadth near i-\.
inches. In meadows in June. Cater-
pillar black, covered with white and
yellow hair : feeds on the white
thorn.

4. Brafljcae. Great JVhite Cahbage-Butterf.y. Firfl:

Wings white, with 2 black fpots in
K the

130 INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA.

the middle, and black at the extremi-
ties. Second Wings white, with a
black fpot on the fuperior margin.
The female has no black fpots on the
upper furface. Caterpillaryellow, black,
and blue. Breeds in May and July.

5. Rapae. Small White Cabbage-Butter jiy. Like

the laft, but lefs. Caterpillar green,
with a pale yellow line on each fide.

6. Napi. JVhite Butterfly^ with green veins. White

above. Firil Wings tipt {lightly with
i black, and the under furface of the 2d
Wings fpread with broad green veins.
Female has 2 or 3 black fpots on the
upper furface of the Wings. Cater-
pillar, feeds on cabbage, &c.

7. Cardamines. Orange Tip. Wings rounded,

a little fcallopped. Firft Wings, the
fuperior part, orange, tipt with brown ;
a femilunar black fpot near the cen-
ter, the reft white. Second Wings,
beneath, marbled with green. Middle
fizc. Female wants the orange-colour.
Caterpillar green, feeds on grafs.

8. Hyale. Saffron Buttcrjiy. Wings entire, rounded,

yellow. On the ift Wings a black,
and on the feccnd an orange fpot, bor-
dered with black. Antennae and Less
yellow. Breadth 2 inches. In autumn,
but rare.

9. Rhamni. Brim/lone Butterfly. Wings angu-

lated, entire, pale greenifh yellov/, with

a fmall brown fpot near the center of

I each.

INSECTS. LEPJDOPTERA. I^I

each. Antennae brown. Caterpillar
green, feeds on the Buckthorn. Breeds
in July or Auguli.

10. Hyperantus. Brotvn-EyedBiitierf.y. Wings

entire, brown. Eeneath, on the ill
Wings 3 eyes, on the 2d 5, Common
near woods. July and Augufl:.

11. Jo. Peacock Butterfly. Wings angulated*

indented, yellowiih red, with a large
blue eye on each. Caterpillar black,
dotted with white ; on nettles. Com-
mon all fummer.

12. Maera. Great Ar?in. Brown and ornno;e

variegated. Second Wings flighcly
fcallopped* Above, ift Wings, a blade
Eye, white in the center ; 2d wings 3
eyes. Beneath, 2d Wings, 7 eyes on
each. Reds frequently on v/olls and
flones. Caterpillar fmooth, feeds on
grafs.

13. iEgeria. TVood Argus -Butter fly. Wings

rounded, and a little indented. Above
brown, with orange irregular fpots.
On the I ft Wings, near the upper an-
gle, a black eye wi;h a white pupil,
and 3 on the 2d. Caterpillar fmooth,
green. July and Auguft. On grafs.

14. Gahthea. MarhJe Butter fly . Wings rounded,

indented. White, with black lines and
irregular fpots. Beneath, on the ift
Wi/igs, one fmall Eye, on the 2d 5,
Caterpillar fmooth, yellow.

K 2 15. Semele.

132 INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA.

15. Semele. Black-eyed Marble Buttcrjly. Wings

indented, black-brown, with a light
yellow broad tranfverfe ftripe, on which
are 2 eyes on the ift wings, and i on
the 2d, which are waved with white.
In woods.

16. Jurtina. Meadow Brown Butterfly. Wings

above brown, yellow in the middle,
■' with one Eye in the ift. Beneath, 2d

Wings grey in the middle, indented.
Common in meadows.

17. Cardui. Painted Lady. Wings indented.

Above, J ft Wings, towards the extreme
angle, black, with white fpots ; the
reft orange, fpotted with black : 2d
Wings orange, with a range of black
fpots near the Margin. Beneath, ift
Wings variegated with black, white,
orange, yellow : 2d marbled with grey,
yellow, brown, and 5 Eyes near the
Margin. Caterpillar grey, fpinous :
feeds on nettles.

18. Iris. Emperor of the JVoods, or Purple High-

flyer. Wings indented. Above pur-
ple, darker round the edges, with 7
diftin6l white fpots on the ift Wings ;
on the 2d an irregular broad white
ftripe, and a yellow eye. Beneath
black, brown, and white. Large.

19. Antiopa. TVillow Butterfly. Wings angu-

lated, black, with a yellow-white ex-
ternal border. In the anterior mar-
gin of the ift Wings, 2 long yellowifti

fpots

INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA, 1$^

fpots. Between the black and yellow
a range of bluifh eyes. Body and An-
tennae black. Caterpillar black, fpi-
nous, with large brown fpots. Very
rare in this kingdom.

20. Polychloros. Great Torto'ife-Jhell Butterfly.

Deep orange, with black fpots. Wings
confiderably indented. Above, on the
ift Wings 7 fpots, on the 2d i, and a
broad exterior black border edged with
black and yellow. The 2 black fpotS
which touch the anterior edge of the
ift wings, are long and much larger
than the reft. Beneath black-brown
and dull yellow. Caterpillar brown and
yellow, fpinous ; feeds on Elms, Pear-
trees, &€.

21. Urticae. Small Tortoife-Jhell Butterfly. Much

like the laft, but lefs. On the ift
Wings 6 black fpots, 2 of which are"
very fmall, and one whitifti fpot. Ca-
terpillar feeds on nettles. Plies early
in the fpring.

22. C. album. Comma Butterfly. Orange, fpotted

with black. Wings much indented.
Beneath, on the 2d Wings, a white
fpot in the ftiape of a comma, C, or G.
Legs white in the middle. Caterpillar
fpinous, brown on the Sides, and white
on the pofterior half of the Back. On
hops and nettles.

23. Atalanta. Admiral Butterfly. Wings black,

indented j a broad tranfverfe fire- red
K 3 ftripe

134 INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA,

{Iripe, and 7 or 8 white fpots on the
I ft pair ; a red pofterior margin, and 4
blacK dots on the 2d. Caterpillar grey,
fpinous ; on nettles.

24. Lucina. Small Fritillary. Wings indented.
Above red-brown, with minute yellow,
black and white fpots. Beneath, on
the 2;d wings, a double band of white
fpots, and fome black ones near the
pofterior margin. Frequent near Cam-
bridge. Sometimes in Hornfey-Wood.

^5. Maturna. Heath Fritillary. Above orange,
longitudinally ftreaked, and tranfverfely
waved with black ; bordered with fmall
femilunar white fpots. VVings entire.
Yellov/ fpots on the under furface of
the 2d Wings. Caterpillar black,
fpinous.

26. Cinxia. Plantain Fritillary. Above like the
laft, but the tranfverfe waves are more
diftinct, and on the 2d Wings are 8
black dots. Beneath, the lit Wings
have a yellow exterior border, and the
2d 3 broad yellow ftripes. Caterpillar
black-blue, fpinous. In meadows.

ay. Papliia. Great Fritillary. Large. Above,
pale orange, with fine black veins, and
feveral rows of large, round, black
fpots. Beneath, the 2d Wings are
greenifli, with 4 filvery tranfverfe waves,
in the exterior of which are 4 circular
fpots. Caterpillar, above brown, be-
neath yellow, fpinous, with 2 long
horns. On nettles.

28. Aglaja,

INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA. I35

28. Aglaja. Great Fritlllary Butterfly with filver

fpots. Large. Wings a little indented.
Above pale orange, with many round
black fpots. Beneath, on the 2d Wings,
21 or 22 filver fpots, 7 of which are
femilunar, and regularly ranged near
the margin. Caterpillar fpinous, black
with a line of yellow fpots on each fide.
In woods.

29. Lathonia. Lefs Silver-fpotted Fritlllary. Silver

fpots 30. Caterpillar brown, with a
yellow line on each fide.

30. Euphrofyne. Jprll Frltllla-ry. Above yellow,

with black veins and tranfverfe waves.
Beneath 9 filver fpots on the 2d Wings.
Geof. 44. 1 1.

31. Betulse, Broun Halr-Jlreak Butterfly. Lefs

than the middle fize. Dark brown,
with a large oblong orange fpot on the
ift Wings. Beneath yellow and orange.
Two fhort appendices to the 2d Wings.
Caterpillar flat, and broadeft in the
middle. On the black thorn.

32. Qiiercus. Purple Halr-Jlreak Butterfly. Above

deep purple, with a white exterior mar-
gin. Beneath grey, ftreaked longitudi-
nally, and waved tranfverfely, with 2 yel-
low eyes, and a fhort appendix to each
of the 2d Wings. Caterpillar broad in
the middle, and fharp at each end.
On oaks.

33. Argus. Blue Argus. Above fine blue, with

a white fringe on the exterior margin.

K 4. Beneath

J ^6 INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA.'

Beneath grey,rprinkled with fmall bl-^k.
eyes. Small fize. Caterpillar broad in
the iniddle. Some of this fpecies of
Butterflies have yellow-blaclc eyes on
the upper furface of the wings.

34. Argiolus Above blue, with a

black exterior margin. Beneath bluifh
grey, fprinkled with black fpots. Small.

35. Rubi. Grec'n Buttcrjly. Wings indented.

Above brown. Beneath green. Small.
Caterpillar green, with a red head ;
broad in the middle. On brambles.

36. Pamph'lus. S>naU Heath Butterfly. Abov^s

orange, with a brown exterior margin.
Beneath, one Eye in the angle of the
ill Vvings, and on tiie 2d a tranfverfe
white wave. Caterpillar fmall, with a
red head. Geoff. 53. 21.

37. Phlaeas. ^mall Golden Black-fpotted Butterfly.

Wings orange-bronze, fpotted with
black. Short appendices to the 2d
Wings. Small fize. Geoff. 65. 35.

38. ComiTja. Chequered Hog. Deep yellow, with

black veins and margin, and a black
tranfverfe long fpot on the ift Wings.
Small fize. When at reft, the ift wings
ftand perpendicular, and the 2d hori-
zontal. In meadows in autumn.

39. Malvse. Grizzle^ or Broiun March Fritillary.

Brown, fpeckled with white, and fringed
with brown and while. In meadows
in the fpring. Caterpillar grey, head

black,

INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA. I37

black, and a few yellow fpots round
its neck. On mallows and thirties.

SPHINX. Antennae thickeft in the middle.
Wings, when at reft, deflexed. Fly
flow, morning and evening only.

1. Ocellata. Eyed TFillow-Hawk Moth. No ^

trunk. Wings indented. Above, ift
Wings dark and light brov/n, marbled ;
2d red, vi'ith a large yellow-black eye.
Beneath, a large red triangle from the
bafe of the ift wings. Breadth 14
inch. Caterpillar fmooth, green, with
oblique white lines on the fides, and
a pofterior horn. Eggs green. On
willows.

2. Populi. Poplar- Hazvk Moth. Wings fcallopped,

bluifh grey, waved with dark lines.
On the ift Wings a long white fpot,
and the bafe of the 2d red-brown.
Wings reverfed. Length i inch. A
long fpiral trunk. Caterpillar green,
fmooth, with oblique white fpots, and
a pofterior horn. On poplars and
willows.

3. Tiliae. Lme-Hawk Moth. No trunk. Wings

fcallopped. Antennae white on the
upper fide, yellow on the under. Above,
ift Wings grey-brown, with 2 irregu-
larlargegreL^n fpoots; 2d Wings orange.
Beneath greenifli grey. Caterpillar
green, chagrined, with a pofterior hqrn_.

4. Convolvuli. Unicorn^ or Bindweed-Hauk Moth.

Antennae long, thick. Trunk very
I lonif.

138 INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA.

long, fplral. Above, body marked with .
'black and red belts; Wings entire,
brown-grey, with black zig-zag tranf-
verfe lines. Breadth 3 inches. Cater-
pillar fmooth, green, v/ith a pofterior
horn.

5. Liguftri. Privet-Hawk Moth. Antennas long,

thick, brown. Trunk long, fpiral.
Firft Wings 2 inches long, narrow,
entire, brown ; 2d fhort, red, with
black bars. Abdomen red with black
rings. Caterpillar fmooth, yellow-green,
with a pofterior horn.

6. Atropos. Jeffamine-Hawk Moth. Wings en-

< y^ ' Q ^^^^' '^^"^""^ long, fpiral. Above, ift

^.-c^/A^ ef ^7'<Zi_V««/-T^Yj^gg brown, clouded with grey and

/ei^^c P ■^*-<^ ycllov/, and a yellowifli fpot in the

TyJ^/': /u^tK^ y/^^- *^^'^t^'' j 2d yellow, with 2 waved tranf-

_ . /2^' ' ' verfe rtripes. Abdomen yellow, with

/Cd. -ytfo . y biack-brown belts. Thorax marked

^ S ^"^ l^ like a Death's-head. Length 2 inches.

y^ Caterpillar very large, yellow, with 6

green and orange oblique belts, and a

pofterior horn.

, 7. Elpenor. Elephant M:th. Wings angular,,
entire. Above, ift Wings ftripcd tranf-
verfely with red and green ; 2d black
at the bafc, and red outwards. Body
red and green. Caterpillar fmooth,
brown snd yellovw', with a pofterior
horn, and a inout like a Hog. On
vines, co!ivolvu!us, &c.

Stcil.'.aruin. Large Bee Moth. Antennae
thick tov/aids tlic ends, brown. Trunk

fpiral.

£t

INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA. 1 ^^

fpiral. Wings (hort, entire. Body
thick J brown, hairy. Firft Wings brown,
waved ; 2d red-brown. Refembles a
large Bee. Caterpillar fmooth, with a
pofterior blue horn, tipt with red. On
gallium.

► 9. Tipuliformis. Small Bee Moth. Thorax
yellow beneath. Wings fhort, with
black veins. Abdomen black, bearded,
yellow at the extremity. Caterpillar,
on the Lonicera.

« 10. Filipendulse. Burnet Moth. Antennse, Legs,

and Body black. Second Wings red,

^^ with a greenifti border. Firft Wings

'"-' bluifh green, with 6 red fpots, in pairs.

Length 8 lines. Caterpillar yellow, with

black fpots. On grafs.

PHALvENA. Antennas taper from the
bafe. Wings, in general, contradled
when at reft. Fly by night.

I, Pavonia. Emperor Moth. Antennae feathered.
No trunk. Wings expanded, horizon-
tal, rounded, entire, with a large eye
in the center of each ; the ift red-
brown, wi^ved J the 2d orange. The
Antenns of the male are broader, and
the wings of the female larger, waved
with black and white, and bordered
with yellow. Caterpillar green or yel-
low, fpinous. On thorns and bram-
jbles. Length of the Moth i inch.

* Na

14© INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA.

* No Trunk. TVings reverjed^ i. e. \Jl TVitigs ho-
rizontal^ and 2d ere£l.

2. QuercifoHa. Lappit Mcth. Red-brown, with

tranfverfe waved lines. Wings rounded
and regularly fcallopped. No Trunk,
but a {harp Nofe. Length li- inch.
Caterpillar moufe colour, fpinous, with
a trunked pofterior horn. Eggs blue,
with brown hoops. On brambles and
black thorn.

3. Rubi. Fox-coloured Moth. Antennas fringed.

Wings entire, with a whitifh margin ;
2. whitifh tranfverfe waves on the ift
pair. Caterpillar brown, with black
rings. On brambles, &c.

4. Potatoria. Drinker Moth. Yellow-brown.
.-, "v-^ Wings (lightly fcallopped: on the ift

p^ir, a dark oblique line from the ex-
treme angle, and 2 white fpots near the
anterior edge. Nofe (harp. Length
I inch. Caterpillar hairy, black and
brown, with white fpots on the fides.
On grafs.

5. Pini. Pit7e Lappit Moth. Wings (lightly

fcailoped ; ift pair v/avcd with alternate
broad tranfverfe grev and brown (tripes;
a white triangular fpot near the anterior
edge. Length i-i inch. Caterpillar
large, brown, grey, white, On pines.

6. Quercus. Great Eggcr Aloth. Antenna? fea-

thered. Yellow-brown. Half the Wings,
ne.Nt the Body, darker ; near the center
of the ift a white fpot. Firft Wines

alio

INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA. I4I

alfo darker at the extremities, and the
2d have a whitiih margin. Length
I inch. The female larger, and lighter
coloured. Caterpillar whitifh, with
black rings. On oaks, Sic.

7. Laneftris. Small Egger Moth. Dark brown.

Wings rounded : on the ift a white
tranfverfe wave, and two white fpots j
on the 2d a wave only. Tail bioad
and woolly. Length ^ inch. Cater-
pillar hairy, black, with white rings
and dots, and large orange fpots. On
the black and white thorn.

8. Vinula. Pufs Moth. Antennae feathered.

Wings grey, ftreaked, dotted, and waved
with black. Thorax dotted with black.
Wings fomewhat diaphanous. Length
I inch. Caterpillar green, high {houl-
dered. Face and Back red. Two Tails.
On oaks, willows, and poplars.

9. Bucephala. Buff'-tip Aloth. Antennas fea-

thered. Firlt Wings grey, with 2
double tranfverfe brown waves, and a
large yellowifh round fpot at the ex-
treme angle. Second Wings plain, light
yellow. Length fcarce i inch. Ca-
terpillar hairy, yellow, with black fpots.
On oaks, alh, &c.

10. Verficolora. Glory of Kent. Antennse fea-

thered, blackilh. Firft Wings red-
brown, with 2 tranfverfe waved black
and white lines, and 3 white fpots at
the extream angle. Second Wino-s
orange, with 2 white fpots at the ex-
terior

142 INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA.

terior angle. Very rare. Length -I
inch.

11. Populi. December Moth. Firft Wings dark

brown, with 2 tranfverfe waved white
lines, a white fpot at the bafe, and
fpeckled margin. Second Wings light
brown, with a tranfverfe white wave.
Length more than half an inch. Ca-
terpillar yellow, hairy. On oaks, ha-
zel, &c.

12. Neuflria. Lackey Moth. Antennae feathered.

Light yellov/, with a broad, tranfverfe
darker wave athwart the middle of both
wings, bounded by a brown line above
and below. The exterior margin of
both Wings fpeckled. Length ^ inch.
Caterpillar long, flender, ftriped with
blue, red, and white. On thorns.

** No Trunk. Wings deprejfed, defiexed. Back

fmocih.

13. Caja. Great Tyger Moth. Antennas feathered.

Firft Wings w^hite, with large irregular
dark brown fpots. Abdomen and 2d
Wings orange, with black fpots. Ca-
terpillar, foxy, hairy, with white fpots
on the fides. On lettuce, &c.

14. Villica. Cream-fpot Tyger Moth. Antennar*,

Head, and Thorax black, with a white
fpot on each fide the latter, ift Wings
black, with 8 large irregular cream-co-
loured fpots. Abdomen orange, with
black fpots. Length near i inch. Ca-
terpillar

INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA. I43

terpillar hairy, foxy. On elms, net-
tles, &c.

15. Plantaginis. IFood Tyger Moth Antennae

of the male feathered ; of the female,
like briftles. Firft Wings black, with
irregular broad white lines. Second
Wings yellow, with black fpots. In
the female, the broad lines are yellow.
Abdomen red at the fides. Lensrth 4-
inch. Caterpillar hairy, black, with a
red Head. On plantain, he.

16. Monacha. Black Arches. Firft Wrings white,

tranfverfely waved with black. Second
Wings bluifh white, with black dots
in the margin. Abdomen red, pointed.
Caterpillar yellow-white, with black
fpots, hairy. On willows, oaks, &c.
Length of the Moth ^ inch.

17. Difpar. Gipfey Moth. Antennas black,

and remarkably feathered, efpecially
thofe of the female. Firft Wings grey,
with 4 tranfverfe zig-zag lines, and a
black Ipot. Fxternal margin of both.
Wings fpotted with black. Abdomen
of the female round, thick, and covered
with thick down at the extremity. Ca-
terpillar hairy. On oaks, afh, apple-
trees, &c. Frequent about Ealing in
Middlefex.

18. Chryforrhcea. Tellow-tail Mcth. Antennae

feathered. Entirely white, except the
extremity of the Abdomen, which is
yellow and hairy. Caterpillar black and
red, hairy. On apple-trees, oaks, &c.

19. Salicis,

144 INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA*

19. Salicis. JVhite Satin Moth. Antennae fea-

thered, black. Body grey. Wings
white. Legs black and white. Length
near an inch. Caterpillar hairy, black,
fpotted with white. On willows,
poplars, &c.

20. Coryli. Nut-tree Tuffock Moth. Antennae

taper. Firft Wings grey and brown,
tranfverfely waved. Second Wings
white, with a brown and white margin.
Caterpillar red-brown, with 2 dorfal
and I tail tufc.

*** No Trunk, fflngs deprejjed. Back hairy.

21. Pudebunda. Yellow Tujfock Moth. Antennae

feathered, brown. Wings light grey,
^ ^ with faint tranfverfe waves on the ift

pair. Fore-feet ftretched out beyond
the Antennae. Length i inch. Ca-
terpillar greenifh yellow, with 4 brufhes
on the back, and a red tail. On fruit
trees.

22. Fafcelina. Black TuJJock Moth. Antennae"

feathered. Brown-grey, with 2 tranf-
verfe red- brown waves on the ift
Wings. Second Wings plain, with
longitudinal and a flight margin. Ab-
domen grey, broad, and thick fet with
down, at the extremity. Caterpillar,
with 5 white brufhes, tipt with black.
On hedges.

23. Antiqua. TVhite-fpot Tujfock Moth. Antennae

feathered, black. Firft Wings cloudy
orange, waved and fpotted with brown,

and

iNSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA. I45

and a white fpot on the pofterror angle.
Female without Wings. Caterpillar
with 4 white brufhes on its back. On
trees. Length of the Moth a little
more than 4 inth.

24. Gonoftigma. Orange Tuffock Moth. Differs

very little from the laft, except that
the fpot on the Wings is not white.
Female without Wings.

25. Caeruleocephala. Black-thorn Moth. An-

tennas feathered. Body brown. Firft
Wings brown, marbled with bluilh
green in the form of a double contigu-
ous circle. Second Win^s lighter co-
loured, plain, with a brownilh margin,
fcallopped. Length -l inch. Caterpillar
green and yellow, with fmall blade
dots. On fruit trees.

26. Ziczac. Pebble Moth. Brown and white,

clouded like an Agate. Antennae fea-
thered. On the interior margin of ths
ift Wings, a remarkable appendix ;
2d Wings fcallopped. Length 7 lines.
Caterpillar fmooth, with 2 protuber-
ances on its back.

27. Coilus. Goat Moth. Grey, with (hort black

irregular curved lines. Antennae foliat-
ed. Abdomen yellowifti, with dark
curved belts. Length i~ inch. Cater-
pillar red, with few hairs and a black
head. In rotten wood.

**** Spiral Trunks ; Back fmooth ; TVtngs dcfiexed.

28. Lubricipeda. Spotted Buff Moth. Irregularly

fpotted with black. Abdomen orange,
L with

t^6 INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA.

with 5 black fpots on t^e back and fides.
Caterpillar light brown, hairy. On
fruit trees.

29. Ruflula Antennas feathered.

Body and Wings yellow, with a red
border. On the ift Wings, a brown
and red fpot ; on the 2d two tranfverfe
ftripes, and a brown arch.

***** Back crejled.

30. tibatrix. Furbelow Moth. Antennae a little

feathered. Head and Thorax yellow.
Wings, truncated, orange, variegated
with brown and a(h-colour, with a
white fpot near the bafe. Caterpillar
fmooth, green, with a white line along
the Back. On willows, rofe-trees, &c.

31. Oo. Scalkp-wmged Oak Moth. Fir ft Wings

brown-grey, with circles in the middle.
Second Wings grey, with a brown,
margin. Caterpillar fmooth, orange,
with white fpots. On oaks.

^2. Humuli. Otter Moth. Antenna (hort. Wings
long, yellow, with oblique red ftriae.
Wings of the male white. Body yel-
low in both. No Trunk,

** Spiral Trunk j Back fmooth, without creji.

33. Dommula. Scarlet Tyger Moth. Firft Wings
black with orange fpots. Second
Wings fcarlet, with black fpots. Thorax
black, with 2 yellow fpots. Abdomen
black and fcarlet. Caterpillar brown
and yelloWi On nettles, grafs, &c.

34. Fuliginofa,

Insects. lePidopter a. 147

34. Fuliginofa. Spotted red and zvlnteTJnder-ivlng^
Moth. Firft Wings brown-red, with
2 fmall black dots. Second Wings
bluifh, with 2 black dots, and a brown
margin. Length haiF an inch. Ca-
terpillar hairy, brown. On turnips,
muftard, &:c.

^35. Jacobaes. Cinnabar Moth. Antennas: and
Body black. Firft Wings black, with
a longitudinal red line near the ante-
rior margin, and 2 reJ fpots near the
exterior. Second Wrings red, with a
black margin. Length 8 lines. Ca-
terpillar, with alternate black and
oran<ze belts. On rao-wort.

.36. Quadra. Yellow July Oak M:tb, Yellow,
with 2 black-blue fpots on the ifr
Wings. Caterpillar hairy, veliowiih,
with one large black-brown ipot en
the middle of his back.

37. Nupta. Crimfon under-iuing Moih. Firft
Wings grey and brown undulated ;
2d crimfon with 2 broad tranfverfe
black waves. Len2;th one inch. Ca-
terpillar fmooth, grey. On oaks.

^, Pacla. TViilow red-under-wlng jlfoih. Ab-
domen, above reddifh. Firfl Wings
irregularly waved, grey and brown ; 2d
crimfon, with 2 broad black waves, and
grey exterior margin. Length above
an inch. Caterpillar brown, with fe\y
hairs. On willowst

L 2 39. Pronuba,

148 INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA.

39. Pronuba. Great yellow Under-wing Moth. An-

tennae taper. Body and ift Wings
brown-giey, clouded or waved, with
a black fpot in the middle, and an-
other near the exterior angle. Second
"Wings yellow, with a broad black,
wave near the exterior margin. Length
one inch. Caterpillar fmooth, yellow.
In gardens. Feeds in the night.

40. Fraxini. Cliff den Nonpar il. Antennae ta-

per. Thorax brown. Abdomen bluifh.
Firft Wings grey, tranfverfely undu-
lated, with a large white fpot in the
centre. Second Wings black, with a
bioati tian!ver(e blue curve in the mid-
dle. Margin of both Wings fcallopped.
Length i \- inch. Rare.

41. Chryfitis. Green Silken Moth. Head, An-

tennae and Thorax pale yellow. Firft
Vv^'iiigs brown, marbled, with 2 tranl-
verfe gold-green waves, and a whitifh
fpot. Second Wings brown-grey.
Margin of the Wings fcallopped. Ca-
terpillar fmooth, orange, with white
fpots.

42. Gamma. Lambda liloih. Wings brown,

marbled, with a white or yellowifh
mark, refcmbling the Greek lambda,
on the I ft pair. Length 8 lines. Ca»
terpillar fmooth, green. On fage, &c.

43. Fcftuca. Gdd-fpot Moth. Firft Wings brown,

with 2 or 3 filver-golJ fpots. Second

Wings plain yellow. Head, Antennae,

5 Thorax

INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA. I49

Thorax orange. Abdomen yellow.
Length 8 lines. Caterpillar fmooth,
green. On water-grafs, Sic.

44. Meticulofa. Jf7gle Shades. Antennas taper.

Wings grey, marbled. Firft pair rcd-
difh at the bafe, brown in the middle,
v/ith a threefold triangle near the an-
terior margin. Second Wings light
frey, with a black fpeck in the cenrer.
largin of both Wings irregularly
indented. Caterpillar fmooth, green.
On pot herbs.

45. Pfi. Dagger^ Moth. Antennae taper. Body

grey, i^ye.s black. FirH Wings whitiih,
with 3 or 4 black marks in the form
of daggers, or like the Greek pfi. Se-
cond Wings plain, with fcallopped mar-
gin. Length 9 lines. Caterpillar hairy,
black, yellow, with a black horn.
Sides black and rsd.

46. Aceris. Sycamore Tuffock Moth. Antennae

taper. Firfl: Vv'ings bluifla grey, with
undulated black lines, and an oval rlna:.
Second Vv'ings pl^in with a double
dotted margin. . Caterpillar yellow,
with a long orange tufi. On maples,
walnut-trees, ccc.

47. Exfoleta. S'word gra[s Moth. Corfelet black-

brown. Abdomen reddiih white, Firft
Wings long, narrow, anterior half
whitifii, v/ith brown lines, pofterior
red-brown. Second Wings dufky, v/ich-
a whitifh fcallopped margin. Cater-
L 3 pillar

150 INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA.

pillar green, with a yellow lateral line^
On Chenopodium, Campanula, Sec.

a8 Verbafci. Water-Beiony Moth. Antenn*
' taper. Firft Wings long, narrow,

brown-grey, longitudinally ftrcaked,
lio-hteft in the middle, margin indented.
Second Wings brown, fmall. Cater-
pillar yellow, fmooth, wiih 4 black
jpots on each ring. Length of the
Moth nearly one inch.

^Q Rumicis. Bramble Moth. Firft Wings brown,
clouded with black, with annular white
fpots, and a tranfverfe v/hite Ime near
the margin. Second Wings dark brown,
• with a whitifh fcallopped margin. Ca-
terpillar black-brown, hairy. On bram-
bles and thiftles.
.to. Oxyacanths. Ealing's Glory. Antennae ta-
per. Firft Win^s dark brown, with z
irregular orange Ypots, a tranfverfe line
and^ external margin of the lame co-
lour ; alfo a blue tranfverfe line, ayd
blue pofterior margin. Second Wings
duflcy. Length not quite i inch. Ca-
terpillar brown and yellow. On thorns.

ri. Oleracea Antennae taper. Body

thick, fnort, hairy. Firft Wings nar-
row, red-black, with a whitilh circle
near the middle, and a white tranfverfe
line, with 2 points in the middle. Se-
cond Wings reddifh grey, with a black
fpot in the center. Caterpillar ftriped
purple and yellow. On peas, beans,

&c.

52. Pifi,

INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA. 15I

52. Pifi. Broom Moth. Body darkifti grey. Firft

Wings red-brown, clouded with black,
and light yellow ; 2 yellowifii fpots in
the middle, and a yellowlfh narrow
undulated line near the exterior mar-
gin. Second Wings grey, with a
whitifh margin. Length not quite i
inch. Caterpillar fmooth, brownifh
yellow. On broom, peas, &c.

53, Atriplicis. Wild Arrach Moth. Firft Wings

brown, blue, and yellow, clouded 3 a
double yellow wave near the exterior
margin, and ajcngifh bifid tranfverfe
yellow mark near the center. Second
Wings brown. Caterpillar fmooth,
brown.

.54. .Delphinii. Peafe BloJJom. Firft Wings pur-
plifh, with 2 yeilowifti tranfverfe waves.
Second Wings dufky. Small fize. Ca-
terpillar fmooth, yellowifh,. with black
fpots. On Larkfpur.

55. Oitrago. Sallo-w Afoth. Body thick, yellow-

brown. Firft Wings angulated, yellow,
with 3 or 4 oblique tranfverfe purplifli
lines, with intermediate red-brown
i'pots. Second Wings whitifli. Length
7 lines. Caterpillar brown, fides yellow.

* Geometra. Antenna feathered.

56. Amataria. Buff" Argus Moth. Firft Wings

angulated, buff, fprinkled with brown,
and a red-brown tranfverfe line in the
middle. Second Wings paler, with a
xed-brown margin. Caterpillar green,
L 4 wUli

152 INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA.

with yellow rings. On oaks. Length
of the Moth half an inch.

57. Sambucaria. Swallow-tail Moth. Wings

angulated, pale yellow, with 2 tranf-
verfe ftraight lines on each. Second
Wing3, with 2 Tails and 2 black fpots.
Large iize. Caterpillar brown. On
brambles.

58. Lacertinaria. Wtld-Rofe Moth. Wings an-

gulated, brown-yellow, with 2 tranf-
verfe curved lines on each Wing, and
a brown fpot between thofe of the ift
pair. Caterpillar fmooth, brown, back
angulated. On oaks. Sic.

59. Syringaria. Richmond Beauty. Wings an-

gulated, indented, orange clouded. Be-
neath darker, with a black fpot in the
middle of each Wing. Lengih 9 lines.
Caterpillar fmooth, with 10 feet, and
a horn on the 8th rinf?.

O

60. Prunaria. Orange Moth. Wings orange,

fprinkled with brown, and a femilunar
fpot on the ift pair. Female paler than
the Male. Caterpillar brown yellow,
with 2 fpines before and behind. On
thorns.

61. Betularia. Spotted Elm Moth. Wings white,

fpotted and waved with black-brown.
Caterpillar pale green, fmooth, with 2
black-brown fpots near the Tail. Mid-
dle fize. On elms, willows, &c.

62. Wauaria, Goofeberry Moth. Wings orange-

grey i on the anterior margin of the ift

pair

INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA. I53

pair 4 tranfverfe irregular dark-brown
ipots. Caterpillar green and white,
hairy. Ongoolcberry-bufhcs. TVitks./^2.

63. Papilionaria. Green Broom Jlloth. Wings

green, with a tranfverfe white wave,
and white irargin. Length 7 lines,

** Antennez taper, like brijiles.

64. Viridata Wings angular, green,

with a pale tranfverfe line, and yel-
lowifh margin. Small. On oaks.

65. Chserophillata. Great Chimney Sweeper. Black.

Firft Wings tipt with white, and ere<Sl.
Caterpillar green. In meadows.

• 66. Groffularia. Magpye, or Cur ra7:t- Moth. An-
tennae aad Legs black. Body yeDcw,
with black fpots. Wings white, with
many black patches, and a tranfverfe
yellow wave on the I ft pair. Caterpillar
white, with black fpots on the back ;
belly yellow. On currant and goofe-
berry-bufhes,

« 67. Crataegata. Brimjlone Moth. Antennce,
Trunk, and Legs deep yellow. Eyes
black. Wings brimftone, with 3 irre-
gular brown fpots on the anterior mar-
gin of the i ft pair. Caterpillar fmcoth,
with a dorfal fpine. On the whi:e-
thorn.

68. Urticata Corfelet and Tail yel-
low. Abdomen grey. Wings grey,
with black- blue fpots, two rows of
which form tranfverfe lines near the

exterior

•<S-54 IWSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA.

exterior margin. The bafe of the Wings
ifometimes yellowifti. Small. Cater-
pillar fmooth, green. On nettles.

69. Brumata Wings brown-grey,

with faint black tranfverfe lines. Wings
of the Female very fhort, grey, with
black fpots. Caterpillar green, with a
white line on the fides. Very deftruc-
tive to apple-trees.

;yo. Prafmana. Green Moth^ with Jjlver lines.
Body green and white. Firft Wings
green, with 3 oblique white lines. Se-
fo!id Wings pale green. Margin
•orange. Caterpillar yellow and green.
Anus orange. On am, oaks, &c.

5^1. Viridana. ^mall Green Oak Moth. Firft
Wings green, immaculate j 2d dufky.
Caterpillar fmooth, green.

72. Oporana, Plumb-tree Moth. Wings angu-

lar, red-brown, clouded and reticulated
with black. Caterpillar fmooth, green.

73. Roftralis Wings brown-grey :

on the ift pair 2 fpots, and a dark line
near the extream angle. Caterpillar,
on nettles.

74. Verticalis. Mother of Pearl Moth. Wings

ycllowifli white, with faint brownifh
broken waves. Beneath yellowifli.
Length 8 lines. Caterpillar green and
white. On nettles.

75. Evonymella. Small Ermine Moth. Firft

VVin^s filver-whitCj with 3 or 4 rows

of

INSE-CTS. LEPIDOPTERA. 1 55

of f mall black fpots. Second Wings
lead colour. Abdomen black above,
white beneath. Length half an inch.
Caterpillar yeilowifti white, with 10
black fpots on each fide. On fruit
trees.

76. Culmella. Small Pajiure Moth. Firft Wings

grey, with longitudinal white ftri?e, a
filver marginal fringe, and 7 black fpots
rans,ed tranfverfelv. Win^is circurh-
voluted. In meadows on grafs, its
head downwards.

77. Salicella. Province-rofe Moth. Firft Wings

""dark bkiifh grey, yellowifh white wy.
the middle, with black fpots in the po-
fterior margin. Thorax crefted. Smull
fize. Caterpillar, on rofe-leaves.

7S. Tapetzella Head white. Wings

long, circumvoluted ; ill pair black
half way from the Body, the other
half white, with brown faint fpots :
2d pair grey. Body black. Length
near half an inch. Among woollen
clothes.

79. Sarcitella Wings bluifli bright

afh-colour, with a black fpot in the
center of each. Length 2 lines. Fre-
quent in houfes. Caterpillar, very de-
ftructive to woollen clothes.

80. Granella Brown. On the jft

Wings feveral fmall dark fpots, and 2
yellow ones. Head yellowifli white.

5 ^>*'*

J^6 INSECTS. NEUROPTERA."

Eyes black. Length 4 lines. In houfes
and granaries.

81. Pomonella. Codling Moth. Firft Wings

brown-grey, clouded. On the 2d a
large red-gold fpot near the pofterior
angle. Length near half an inch. Ca-
terpillar orange, fpotted with black.
On apple-trees.

82. Didaityla. Brown Feathered Moth, Wings

extended, bifid, pointed, red-brown,
with whits long fpots. Second Wings
white, tiipartite, fpotted. Legs white,
annulated.

Z-^. Pentada£lyla. JVlnte Feathered Moth, Eyes
black. Body pale yellow. Wings
very v.'hitC; extended: ift pair bifid ; 2d
tripartite. Caterpillar green.

84. Hexada£ly]a. Many-feathered Moth. Wings
extended, grey, v/ith brown tranfverfe
iva\ es ; ift Wings of 8 feathers ; 2d
of 4, which the infedt expands and
contrails like a fan. Length 6 lines.
On the Lonicera, &c,

IV. NEUROPTERA.

Wings 4, naked, tranfparent, reticulated
with veins or nerves. Tail without fling.

LIBELLULA. Adder-hohs^ or Dragon-files.
Mouth with 2 long lateral jaws. An-
tenna; very fhort. Tail of the Male

forked. Wings extended.

I. 4-macu-

INSECTS. NEUROPTERA. 157

1. 4-maculata Brown. Thorax

covered with grey hair. Wings yel-
lowifh at the bafe, with 2 brown fpots
on the exterior margin. Length 14.
inch. I caught this infe6l on board
the Harwich packet, many leagues from
land.

2. Fhviola Eyes large, and near to-

gether. Thorax black- brown, hairy
with a yellow fpot on each fide. Ab-
domen broad, flat, fhort, yellow above,
black beneath. Wings with a black
fpot near the end, and a large yellow-
brown fpot at the bafe. Length i~
inch. Flies quick.

3. DepreiTa Eyes brown. Head

and Thorax greenifli, v.^ith ,2 yellow
tranfverfe lines. A brown fpot on the
exterior .margin of the Wings. Ab-
domen cylindrical, -black above, yellow
beneath, and covered with 'a bluifh
grey duft. Length i~ inch.

4. Vulgatiflima Brown. Front and fides

yellow. An oblong brown fpot on the
exterior margin of the Wings, the fides
of which fpot are black. Length more
than half an inch.

5. ^nea Green-gold. Wings yel-

lovvifli, with marginal brown fpots.
The male has 4 briftles at the Tail.
Length il. inch.

6. Grandis Head yellow. Eyes brown,

contiguous and large. Thorax brown

with

I5S IN.aBeTS. MnHKRaP'TE B. A.

with 2 oblique yeHow lines on each
fide. Abdomen i^d-brown, with white'
fpots. Wings yellowifh. with a brown
rtiarginal fpot, and a brown protuber-
ance at the bale of each Wingl Length
2^ inches.

|. Forcipata Head yellow. Eyes

large, brown. Thorax greenifh brown,
•vi^ith 3 black obliqUp lines on each fide.
Abdomen brown, of 9 ringlets, with
a yellow tranfverfe line in the middle,
and 2 yellow fpots on the fide of each
ringlet. Length I'l- inches.

i8. Virgo Body Saxon-greenifh blue.

Eyes diftant, remote. Wings of equal
length, bluifti, brown in the middle,
yellowifh at the bafe and apex, and,
without marginal fpot. Length 2
inches.

9, Puella Body blue, with 3 longi-
tudinal brown lines on the Thorax,
and a black ringlet near the extremity
of the Abdomen ; the 2 laft brown.
Wings whitilh, finely reticulated with
black veins, and a black marginal fpot.
Eyes diftant, remote. Length i ^
inch.

I^PHEMERA. Antennseveiyftiort. Twd
protuberances before the tyes. Wings
ercdl ; 2d pair fmall. Two or three
Tails like bridles. Short lived.

I. Vulgata,

fNSEGTS. NEVROPTERA I59

i. Vulgata Brown. Wings, with :

brown veins, and 5 or 6 brown fpots.
Three Tails as long as the Body,
Length 2 lines.

2. Vefpertina Black. Exteriormar-

gin of the ift Wings black, the reft
tranlpaient. Second Wings white.
Antenn<E and Tails 3 times the len«^th'
of the Body. Length 1 line.

3. Culiciformis Brown. Win^^s

tranfparent. Two whitilh Tails. Lengtii-
2 lines.

4. Horaria. ..,_.,., Brown. Wings dia^

phanous', exterior m'argirt thicker and"
brown. Tails 2, white, with browa
fpots. Fore Legs long. Length 3.
lines.

5. Striata Thorax brown. Abdo-

men white. Wings brownifh, ftriated.
Tails 2, length of the Body. Length
2 lines.

PHRYGANEA. Palpi* 4. Protuberances
before the Eyes 3. Antennse longer,
than the Thorax. Wings crofling each
other i 2d pair folded.

i. Bicaudata Dark brown, with a

yellow longitudinal line on the Head
and Thorax. Antennae long, filiform.
Wings 4. longer than the Body. Length
S lines.

2. Nebulofa,

l6o INSECTS. NEUROPTERA.

2. Nebulofa. ...... Bjown. Wings grey.

Tails 2, fliort. Length half an inch.

3. Striata. Red-brown. Eyes black. Wings

clouded, lateral, and raifed obliquely at
the ends. Antennae long. Length i"
inch.

4. Rhomboidica Brownifh yellow.

On the ift Wings a large oblique white
fpot. Length 7 lines.

5. Flavilatera Black. Wings brown ;

ift pair dilated at the bafe. Antennae
Ihort. Length 7 lines.

6. Nigra Antenh?^ twice as long as

the Body. Wings greenifli black.

7. Longicornis Brownifh grey. An-

tennas 3 times as long as the Body. Firft
Wings fpotted with black. Legs whitifh.
Length 3 lines,

HEMEROBIUS. Mouth prominent. Palpi
4. Wings deflexed. Antennae longer
than the Thorax, taper, extended.

1. Pedlinicornis. Golden Eye. Antennae length

of the Body. Yellovvifh green. Wings
much longer than the Body, diaphanous,
with green veins. Minute black dots
on the Abdomen. On plants.

2. Chryfops Like the laft, except

that the Antennae are {horter, and the
veins of the Wings punftured with
brown. Length 3 Imes. Geoff. 254. 2.

3. Sex-

INSECTS. HYMENOPTERA. l6l

5. Sexpunflatus Body greenifh

brown. Antennae longer than the Body.
Wrngs much longer than the Body,
obliquely ere6t, diaphanous, with 6
black fpots near the endi. Length in-
line.

4> Formicarium Brown. Head large,

with yellow fpots, and .large lateral

Eyes. Neck long. Thorax divided,

and fpotted with yellow. Ab.lomen of

8 rings. Wings larger than the body,

diaphanous, with black veins, and

brown fpots. Length i inch.
il

PANORPA. Beak horny, cylindrical.
Palpi 2.

I. Communis Body dark brown,

fides yellow. Wings the length of the
Body, diaphanous, reticulated, and
fpotted with brown. Tail of the male
like that of the Scorpion. Length 7
lines. Skips. In meadows.

V. HYMENOPTERA.

Wings 4, generally membraneous. Tail of
the Females armed with a fting.

*o'

CYNIPS. Antennse elbowed in the mid-
dle. Second Wings ftiorter. Sting
conic, inclofed between 2 valves, on
the under fide of the Abdomen. Ab-
M domen

l62 INSECTS. HYMENOPTERA-

dpmen coinpre(red, acute beneath, and
joined to the Thorax by a fliort pedicle.

1. Glechomae Brown. Thorax

hairy. In the tubercles on the leaves
of ground ivy.

2. Quercus baccarum Black. Bafe

of the Antennae and Legs yellow. In
the fmall tubercles on the under fide of
oak leaves.

3. Quercus foHi ' . . . Black. Thorax

' ftriatcd. Legs grey. In the large tu-

tubercles on oak leaves.

4. Quercus petioli Head black. Body

brown, polifhed. Extremity of the Ab-
domen hairy. In the tubercles on the
petiolus of oak leaves.

5. Quercus gemmas. . ". .... Greenifli black,

a little bronzed. Antennae and Legs
orange. In the large imbricated galls
on the extream buds of oak-trees,

TENTHREDO. Abdomen of equal thick-
nefs, and clofely united to the Thorax.
Sting ferrated, between two valves.
Second Wings (horteft.

I. Femorata Antennae yellow, of 9

joints. Black, hairy. A yellow femi-
lunar membrane on the ill ring of the
Abdomen. Wings diaphanous, the ex-
terior border thick, brown. Length i
inch.

2. Lutaea.

Insects, hymenoptera. 163

i. Lutaea Antennae clavaited, yellow,

the lad joint black. Third, fourth,
and fifth ring of the Abdomen brown,
the reft black. Legs black, feet yel-
low. Wings, with brov.'n veins, and
brown pofterior margin. On Willows,
Alder, Birch.

3. Ruftica Black, except the upper

lip, bafe of the Antenna:, 2 fhort lines
on the Thorax, the point of the Thorax
and the margin of the 2d, 5th and 6th
fegment of the Abdomen, which are
yellow. Wings brown. Legsyellowifli.
Length half an inch. On Willows.

4. Scrophulariae. Black. Margins

of the fegments of the Abdomen yel-
low, except the 2d and 3d. Upper
lip yellow. Antennae red-brown. On
the Thorax 2 yellow lines and 3 fpots.
Wings and Legs tawny. Very like a
Wafp. Length half an inch. On
Figwort.

5. Rofae Head, Antennae, and Tho-

rax black, with a yellow fpot on each
fide of the latter. Abdomen orange.
Wings tawny, with the exterior border
black. Length 4 lines. On rofe-trees.

6. Cynofbati Black, with 3 yellow

fpots on the Thorax. Legs red-brown ;
hind legs white in the middle, black
above and below. Length 2 {- lines.

7. Capracn; Yellow. Crown and

Corfelet black. Antennae of 9 joints.
M 2 Exterior

1^4 INSECTS. HYM-E NOPTERA.

Exterior border of the Wings black,
thick. Length 4 lines. On Willows. •

SIREX. Two ftrong Jaws. Palpi 2. An-
tennae filiform, of more than 20 joints.
Sting riged, ferrated. Abdomen united
to the Thorax. Wings narrow, 2d
pair ftiorteft.

J. Gigas Antennae half the length

of the Body, of 23 joints. Head black,
with a yellow Ipot behind each eye.
Thorax black, hairy. Abdomen of 9

.[; fegments, black and yellow. Sting

lodged in a groove under the Belly.
Len2;th 1 7 lines.

•. " 'ICHNEUMON. Jaws, without tongue.
Antennae of more than 30 joints, long,
filiform, vibrating. Sting within a bi-
valv? Iheath.

1. Ludlatoriiis Black. Upper lip, bafe

of the Antennae, poi-nt of the Corfelet,
2d and 3d fegment of. the Abdomen yel-
low. Length near half an inch.

2. Perfvaforius. ...... Black. Upper lip

white. Thorax with 3 white lines on
each fide. Target with 2 white fpots.
Abdomen cylindrical, i ft fegment white,
2d partly white, and 4 white fpots on
the reft. Legs brown.

3. Comitator Black. Middle of the

Antenna; white. Length half an inch.
In Wafps nefts.

-- 4. Peregrinator,

INSECTS. HYMENOPTERA. 1 65

4. Peregrinator Black. Antenna

white in the middle. Four firft feg-
ments of the Abdomen brown-yellow,
the laft white. Legs tawny. Winc;s
brownifli. Length 3 I lines.

5. Incubitor Head and Thorax black.

Antennje brown, white in the middle.
Legs and Abdomen tawny, black at
the extremity. Length 3 lines.

■6. Manifeftator Black. Antennae

taper. Legs tawny. Sting twice as
long as the Body. Length i inch. In
woods.

7. Inculcator Black. Abdomen and

Legs tawny. Pedicle between the Tho-
rax and Abdomen long and fmall. A
marginal fpot on the Wings. Abdo-
men comprefTed and large towards the
end. Length 2 lines.

8. Pugillator Black. Antennas

length of the Body. Second, third, and
fourth fegmcnts of the Abdomen yel-
low. Legs yellow. Length 6 lines.

9. Rufpator Black. Legs tawny,

hind thighs thick, with a fpine on the
interior fide. Length 34. lines.

10. Jaculator Black, flender, long.

A white rinulet near the on'o-in of the
Legs. Hind legs longer and thicker
than the red. Abdomen curved. Sting
longer than the Bodv.

o

1\I 3 II. Luteus.

l66 INSECTS. HYMENOPTERA.

11. Lutcus Tawny. Antennae lonr,

taper. Abdomen curved, comprefled ;
Pedicle long, flender. Sting fhort. A
marginal brown fpot on the Wings.
Length i inch. Geoff. 330.

12. Ramidulus Very like the lafV.

Thorax beneath, and the extremity of
the Abdomen black. Length 8 lines,

13. Bedeguaris Green-gold. An-

tennae of 1 1 joints, elbowed, filiform.
Legs pale. Sting longer than the Body.
Length i-i. line.

14 Puparum Blue, polifhed. Abdc^

men gold. Legs pale. Otherwife like
the laft. Length 2 lines. In the chry-
falis of Butterflies.

15. Aphidum Black. Legs yellow.

Antennce as long as the Body. Length
I line. Breeds in the Body of Aphides,
or Lice of trees and plants.

j6. Globatus Black. Legs black

and orange. Antennas length of the
Body. A fmall marginal fpcck on
the Wings. Length 2 lines. Breeds
in the white filky balls, about i inch
long, which are found frequently on
different plants in meadows.

17. Glomeratus Like the laft, except

that the Antenna are not fo long, and
the Legs are yellow. Breeds in the Car
tcrpillars of the Cabbage Butterfly.

18. PccTinicornis • . Green-brown-

oran^ie. Antennse branched, yellowifh.

Legs

INSECTS. HYMENOPTERA. 1 67

Legs white. Length 24 lines. In the
chryfalis of Butterflies.

SPHEX. Jaws, without Tongue. An-
tenna of 10 joints. Wings incumbent,
not folded. Sting riged.

1. Viatica Black. Antennae fliort,

thick. 1 hree firft fegments of the
Abdomen red -brown. Pedicle fhort.
Length half an inch. Geoff. 354. n. 74. *

2. Cribraria Black, with yellow

ringlets on the Abdomen. Antennae
Ihort, and turned backwards. Fore
legs broad, with an appendix like a
fhleld.

CHRYSIS. Thorax joined to the Abdomen
by a fhort pedicle. Sting fimple. Wings
not folded. Antennas filiform, of i
long and 1 1 fliort joints.

I- Ignita Blue-green-gold. Po-

fterior part of the Abdomen polifhed
copper, with 4 fpines on the laft feg-
ment. Length 4 lines. In walls.

VESPA. Jaws, without Trunk. Firfl:
Wings folded. Sting concealed. Body
fmooth.

I. Crabro. Hornet. Antennae tawny. Corfelet
black in the center, edges brown. Seg-
ments of the Abdomen black on the
anterior part, yellov/ on the pofterior,
with 2 black fpots on each. Length I
inch. Builds in hollow trees.

M 4 2. Vul-

j68 INSECTS. H YMENOPTERA.

, ■: ' - . ■

2. Vulgaris? Comjnon Waff, Corfelet black,

with 6 yellow fpots. Male : fcgments
of the Abdomen 7, yellow, with a
black triangle on each. Head yellow.
Antennas long. Female: upper lip yel-
low. Antennas fhort. Segments 6,
with 2 lateral black fpots ox\ each j
larger than the Male.

3. Coarctata. Bmall JVafp, Antennae black,

yellowifh at the bafe. Head black,
with a yellow fpot between the An-
tennas, and another at the bafe of the
upper lip. Corfelet black with 2 yellow
fpots. Each fegment of the Abdomen
bordered with yellow j the ift infundi-
buliform, 2d campanulate, and larger
than the reft. Length half an inch.

APIS. Jaws, with a Trunk bent down-
wards. Antennae elbowed in the, mid-
dle, I ft joint longeft. Wings plain,
Body hairy. Abdomen conne(5led by
a pedicle.

1. Centuncularis. Black. Body

long, narrow. Head, Thorax, and
Legs covered with greyifli hair. Ab-
domen above fmooth, beneath covered
with tawny hair. Builds in old trees.
Length 2\ lines.

2. Rufa. Small Field Bee. Front white. Ab-

domen fliort, covered above with tawny
hair j Thorax with grey.

■2. Mellifica,

INSECTS. HYMENOPTERA. 169

3. Mellifica. Common Hive Bee. Needs no de-

fcriptioD.

4. Manicata. Black. Fore legs very

hairy. Yellow fpots on each fide of
the Abdomen, and 5 crotchets at the
extremity. Length 7 lines. Very like
a Wafp, but hairy. On flowers.

5. Conica Thorax black, yellowKh

at the roots of the Wings. Abdomen
very acute ; margins of the fegments
light yellow. Builds in the ground.

(;>. Terreftris. Humble Bee. Black, very hairy,
with a yellow belt on the Thorax.
Anus white. Builds deep in the
ground.

7. Subterranea. Great Humhle Bee. Black, very
hairy. Trunk long and branched.
Anus red-brown.

FORMICA. An erefl: fquamula or fcale,
betv/cen the Thorax and Abdomen.
Females and Neutrals have a Sting con-
cealed. Males and Females have Wings ;
Neutrals none.

Herculeana, Horfe Ant. Abdomen oval.
Thio;hs red-brown. Much laro-er than
the common Ant.

Rufa Front and Thorax yellowifh ;

the reft red-brown. Length 3 lines.
In gardens, Geoff. 428, n. 4.

3. Fufca

I JO INSECTS. D I P. T E R A.

3. Fufca. Common Jni. Brown, polifhed. Wings

white, larger than the Body. Length
2l- lines. Geoj^. 428. n. 5.

4. Nigra Black. Wings brownifli

on the upper part, and larger than the
Body. Length li. line. Geoff\ 429.
n. 6.

5. Rubra. Little Red Ant. Clouded, with a

black fpot under the Abdomen. Eyes
black. Very fmall.

VL D I P T E R A.

Wings 2.

OESTRUS. No Mouth, but 3 punclurcs,
without Trunk or Beak. Antennae
taper, proceeding from a lenticular
joint.

I. Bovis. Breeze^ ox Gad Fly. Thorax yellow,
with a black tranfverfe line between
the Wings. Abdomen tawny, with
fine black tranfverfe lines j laft fegment
black. Wings white, with a brown
tranfverfe line, and 3 brown fpots.
Size of the large blue Fly. Depofits
its eggs under the fkin on the backs of
Oxen.

^".' Hamoridalis Body long, black,

covered with tawny hair. Middle of the
Thorax lefs hairy. Wings immaculate.
Antennae very Ihort. Length half an

inch.

INSECTS. DIPTERA. I7I

inch. Depofits its eggs in the return
of horfes,

3. Ovis. Grey Fly. Spotted with black. Front
pale yellow. Legs brownifh. Wings
with fbort black, veins. Length h^lf
an inch. Breeds in the frontz] Jhius of
Sheep.

TIPULA. Head long. Palpi 4, curved.
Trunk very fliort.

I. Rivofa. ...... Brown-grey. Eyes black.

Antennas feathered. Wings larger than
the Body, white in the middle, with
3 brown fpots near each margin. Tail
of the Female bifid. Length i inch.

o"

Crocata Black fpotted with yel-
low. Legs tawny, with black feet,
and a black ring round the pofterior
thighs. Wings tawny, with a mar-
ginal brown fpot. Length 7 lines. In
meadows.

Oleracea. Long-Legs. Brown-afh colour.
Antennas fimple. Wings brown at the
exterior margin, and in the Male longer
than the Body. Length near an inch.

Hortorum Like the laft, but much

leis. Wings faintly fpotted with white,
and fprcad with thick black veins.

Contaminata Black. Legs livid

yellow, with black joints. Two yel-
low fpots on the 2d, 3J, 4th, and 5th
fcgments of the Abdomen. Five or fix

dark

172 INSECTS. DIPT ERA.

dark fpots on the exterior margin of
each Wing. Length half an inch.

6. Lunata Afti-colour, with a whitifb

line on each fide of the Abdomen, and
a white femilunar fpot on the exterior
margin of each Wing. Length 8 lines.
In meadows.

y. Cornicina Yellow. Antennae,

Eyes and Palpi black. Three oblique
black lines on the Corfelet. Legs very
long. Length 6 lines. In meadows.
Raj. 73. 7.

8. Plumofa. Sea Tipula. Brown. Thorax

greenifti. Eyes black. Fore legs longeft.
Wings fhorter than the Abdomen.
Length 3 lines. Refembles a Gnat.

9. Littoralis Brown. Abdomen green,

3 laft fegments brown. Wings dia-
phanous. Fore legs long. Length 2
lines. On trees.

10. Motitatrix Pale green, or flefh-

colour, with black fpots. Three lon-
gitudinal black lines on the Corfelet.
Legs black, white in the middle. Fore
legs long. Length i line.

IT. Monilis Black. Legs white,

with 9 black rings. Wings white, with
grey fpots, and a marginal black one.
Length 2 lines. In meadows, and on
windows.

12. Febrilis Black. Wings white,

exterior border black. Antennae knotted,
I Ihort.

INSECTS. DIPT ERA. 1 73

fhort. Wings crofs each other. Length
4 lines.

13. Hortulana Antennae knotted,

{hort, black. Corfelet red, fmooth.
Abdomen yellowifh. Wings diaphan-
i ous, brov/nifti, exterior border black.

.. Head very fmall. Male black, leis.

14.. Phalaenoides Dark grey. Wings

twice as long as the Body, fringed.

,;;•*-.<: Antennae of ii beads^ perfoliated.
Length i line. Scarce.

f. - .J

"• MUSCA. A foft flexible Trunk, with la-
teral Lips at the end. No Palpi.

1. Chamasleon Brown. Antennse

'^ taper, broken. Eyes large. Abdomen

nearly circular, with 3 yellow triangu-
lar fpots on each fide, and one at the
extremity. Legs yellow. Thighs brown.
Length 6" Ijines.

2. Hydroleon Antenna fhort, black.

Eyes green, with a tranfverfe violet
line. Thorax brown. Abdomen green,
with a black longitudinal line in the
middle. Wings very tranfparent. Legs
yellowifh. Length 34- lines:

3. Morio Black, hairy, v/ith white

fpots on each fide of the Abdomen.
Wings much larger than the Body, in-
terior margin white. Length 3 — 6 lines.
In gardens.

4. Nsmprum Head grey. Eyes

brown. Thorax covered with grey

hair.

I'74 INSECTS. DIPTERA.

hair. Abdomen, of 4 fegments, above
black, with 2 large yellow fpots on each
fide, and 3 white tranfverfe lines. Legs
brown. Wings tranfparent with a black
,,. } marginal fpot. Length 41 lines.

5.' T'enax. ...... Very like a Bee. Eyes

brown. Front white. Thorax brown,
hairy. Abdomen of 4 fegments, with
a large yellow fpot on each fide. Mid-
dle of the Wings tawny. Legs brown,
Feet white. Length half an inch.

6. Pyraftri Head yellow. Eyes large,

brown. Corfelet dark green, with a
few brown hairs. Abdomen above
black, with 6 white fpots. Legs
blackifti, with yellow joints. Li gar-
dens.

7. Menthaftri Front yellow. Eyes

brown. Corfelet greenifh black, with
a yellow line on each fide. Abdomen
of 5 fegments with 5 tranfverfe yellow
lines. Length 4 lines. On flowers.

8. Fiptens Black, fmooth. Long,

narrow. Front and fides of the Tho-
rax yellow. Abdomen of 4 fegments.
v/ith 2 yellow fpots on each fide, l^wo
hind Legs longer and ftronger, black
with 2 yellow fpots, and a yellow ring
on each thigh. On mint, &:c. Length
3~ lines.

9 Insnis Antennae, proceeding from

the Trunk, of 5 globules, and a fili-
form terminal joint. Thorax black,
I polifijcd.

INSECTS. DIPTERA. 175

poliflied. Abdomen above white, with
2 black belts. Beneath black. Length
2 lines. On flowers. .

10. Pellucens Antennas feathered.

Trunk lodged within the Beak. Eyes
red-brown. Front yellow. Corfelet
black. Abdomen, anterior half white,
pofterior black. Wings tranfpar^nt,
with a tranfverfe black line. Length
half an inch. On rofe-trees.

J I. Caefar Green-gold. Legs black.

Eyes reddifli. Length 3 lines, in woods
and gardens.

12. Cadaverina. - Eyes reddifh. Head

.i\:,:c. an^i Thorax blue. Abdomen green-
gold. Length 2 lines. .

13. Vomitoria. Blue Flejh Fly. Eyes brown.

Plumes of the Antennse branched.
Thorax black. Abdomen dark blue,
large. Legs black. Length near half
an inch. Raj. I'ji.

14. Carnaria. Common FleJJ) Fly. Black, with

4. longitudinal grey lines on the Corfe-
let. Abdomen of 5 fegments, chequered,
with black and grey. Anus reddifh.
Legs black. Length 4 lines.

l>i. Domeftica. Commcn Hmfe Fly. Black,
with 5 longitudinal grey lines on the
Corfelet. Abdomen of 4 fegments,
chequered. Length 3 lines.

Aiitenjies

yS INSECTS. DipTERAi

* Antenncs with a lateral hair,

16. Cellaris Yellow-brown. Ab-

domen of 6 fegments. Wings large^
with 3 longitudinal veins. Length li.
inch. Frequently found de^d in wine
and vinegaf.

17. Putris Black, fmooth. Wings

whitifh. Eyes brown. Size of a Gnat.
Breeds in cheefe and dung.

18. Stercoraria Front yellowifh.

Eyes reddifh. Bafe and exterior border
of the Wings yellowifli, with a brown
fpot and tranfverfe line near the middle^
Male grey, covered, with tawny down*
Length 3 lines. On dung.

19. Vibrans Black, cylindrical.

Head red. Abdomen obtufe. Wings
white, with a black fpot near the ex-
tremity. Legs of the Female yellow.
Length ^~ lines. Wings conftantly vi-
brating. On trees.

20. Flava Yellow. Eyes black.

Wings white, with obfcure yellow veins.
Length i line. On flowers,

21. Solftitialis Head yellow. Eyes

brown. Thorax grey. Abdomen black.
Legs tawny. Wings whiti'fh, with 3
brown lines, and a fmall notch in the
exterior margin. Length 2 lines. On
thiftles.

TABANUS.

in SECTS D I P T ERA. 1 y^

'tABANUS. Antenna conic, of 4 fer-
ments. Trunk flefhy^ terminated by
2 lips. Palpi, one on each fide of the
.Trunk.

i. Bovinus. Great Horfe Fly. Head and Tho-
rax ^rey. Eyes dark brown. Abdo-
men yellowifl), with a triangular v/hite
fpot in the middle of each fegment.
Legs yellow. Wings dufky with brown
veins. Length i inch.

2. Pluvialis. . Brown-grey. Eyes

green, ivith brown rays. Corfelet
brown, with 7 longitudinal grey lines.
Wings dotted with white, and a margi-
nal black fpot. Legs alternately brown
and white. Length 4 lines. In mea-
dows.

3. Cscutiens. Head brown. Eyes

green and brown, with black fpots.
Corfelet brown, with grey lines. Ab-
domen above yellow, with triangular
brown fpots. Legs yellow. Wings
white, with black and brown fpots.
Length 4- lines.

CULEX. Antennas feathered. Trunk, 9^
long flender fyphon.

I. Pipiens, Common Gnat. Grey. Abdomen
of 8 fegments.

?.. Bifurcatus Brown-grey. Beak

forked. Twice as big as the laft. In
watery places.

•i N ^3- Puli-

178 INSECTS. DIPTERA.

3. Pulicaris Brown. Wings white,

with 3 brown fpots. Length ^ line.
In gardens in the Spring.

CONOPS. Trunk long, jointed.

1. Calcitrans. ...... .Differs from the Com-

mon Fly, in having a hard (harp Trunk,
with which it pricks our legs in Au-
,,.,.,, - tumn.

2. Macrocephaja . Black and tawny

variegated, fomewhat like a Wafp^
Antennae clavated, but pointed. Wings
brown, clouded. Length haJf an inch..
In meadows. j vV

ASILUS. Triink horny, long, ftraight, bi-
valved.

T;'''Crabroniformis. Hornet Fly. Trunk and
.f)y>:- Eyes black. Corfejet convex. Three
firft fegments of the Abdomen black,
the other 4 yellow, hairy, ftiarp, and
brown at the extremity. Length i
inch. In wet meadows.

2. Forcipatus. ...... Grey, hairy. Abdo-

men long, pointed. Sides yellowifh.
Length 6 lines. In gardens, &c.

3. Tipuloides Trunk pale, long,

curved downwards. Corfelet afh-co-
lour, with 3 longitudinal black lines.
Wings of the Male tawny ; of the Fe-
f^l male, white, tranfparentt Legs long.

Length 4 lines.

I 3. Morio.

INSECTS. DIPTEkA.' 1 79

4. Morio Black, fmooth. Legs

tawny. Length 6 ^ lines. In wet
woods.

BUMBYLIUS. Trunk taper, very long,
fharp, betweQn two horizontal valves.

I. Major. Hutnble-Bee Fly. Body fhoit, thick,

covered with thick grey down. Wings

. ^ large, black at the b-^e. Antennx

ofi)^ r black, bent in the middle. Legs long,

/lender, black. Length 4. or 5 lines.

Sucks flowers, without reding on them.

1. Medius. i Body vellowifh, white

at the extremity. Wings, with brown
fpots. Hovers in the air like a Hawk,
and darts with great celerity.

3. Minor Wings clouded, without

fpots. In Cain- wood;

HIPPOBOSCA. Trunk bivafved, cylin-
drical, obtule. Antennre like a fingle
hair. Feet with cl.''.ws.

1. Equina Broad, flat, fcaly. Head

yellow. Eyes brown. Thorax and
Abdomen ydlowifh, with brown waves.
Wings crofs each other, nnd are much
larger than theBodv. Length 2^ lines.
Fallens on Dogs and Cattle.

2. Hlrundinis , . Head yellow. Tho-

rax darker. Abdomen dufky, broad,
flat. Wings narrow, (hort. Legs long,
with 6 claws. In Svv.tllows nefts.

N 2 VIL A P-

iSo INSECTS. A P T E R A.

Vn. A P T E R A.

No Wings.

LEPISMA. Legs 6, broad and fcaly ar
their origin. Palpi 2, moveable. An-,
tennae filiform. Tails 3. Body fcaly.

1. Saccharina Body long, of 9 or

10 fegments, diminiflirng from the
Head to the Tail. Silvery lead colour.
Somewhat like a fifli. Ijength 4 lines.
In the joints of falh windows that are
wet and feldom opened.

PODURA. Legs 6^. Eyes 2, compofed
of 8 fmall ones. Tail forked, elaftic,
inflexed. Antenna ^ongj taper.

1. Viridis Round, light green. Head

yellowilh. Eyes black. Antennae el-
bowed in the middle. Thorax very
fmall. An angle on each fide of the
Abdomen, Length i line. On plants
in April.

2. Plumbea Polifhed lead-colour.

Tail almoft as long as the Body. Length
1 line. On trees, folitary.

3. Villofa Yellow-brown, ftreaked

and fpotted with black. Antennae of
4 joints. Head and Thorax hairy.
Length 2 lines. On ftones.

4. Aquatics.

INSECTS. APTERA, l8l

4. Aquatica Black. Antennae al-

moft as long as the Body. Length
half a line. Numerous on the leaves
of Aquatic plants,

TERMES. Legs 6. Eyes 2. Antennse
taper. Mouth with 2 Jaws.

r. Pulfatorium Antennas length of

the Body, flender. Eyes yellowifh. On
each fegment of the Abdomen, a red-
difli fpot on each fide. Lefs than the
common Loufe. Generally thought to
be the Death-watch, but Geoftroy is
pofitive of the contrary.

PEDICULUS. Legs 6. Eyes 2. Mouth
producing a fting. Antennae length
of the Thorax. Abdomen dcprefl'ed,
rounded, fimple.

1. Humanus. Common Loufe.

2. Pubis. Crab Loufe. Brown. Broad and (hort.

3. Bovis White, with 8 tranfvcrfc

J. tawny-red lines above, and 5 beneath.

4. Vituli Larger than the laft. Legs

fhort, thick, grey. Abdomen lead-co-
lour, broad, pointed.

5. Corvi Grey. Head fmall, black.

Antennae turned backwards. Eight
black lines on each fide the Abdomen.
Length i line.

N 3 6. C;.

/

l8'2 INSECTS. A P T E R>A;

6. Gallinae; . . . ... Head white, rount^e^

before. Thorax large, angular. Ab-
donien white, with a black border.

7. Colunibas flender, whitifh j fides

red-brown. Length i line.

PULEX. Legs 6. Eyes 2. Antennae fili-
form. Trunk taper, inflexed, cor^r
cealing a fting. Abdomen comprefTed.

I. Irritans. Common Flea.

ACJ^ARUS. Legs 8. Eyes 2, lateral,
Tentaculae 2, jointed.

1. Reduvius. Sheep Lonje, or Tick. Flat, oval,

with a round fpot on the back, Fre-
quently found alive in wool, a long
time aftef it is ftiorn,

2. Ricinus. Dog Tick. Oval. Trunk long.

Livid. Head and Thorax fmall. Op
the anterior part of the Abdomen an
oval, brown, glofiy, raifed fpot. Length

3. Paflerinus Oval. Brown. Legs

pale, Length i line. Very like the
laft. On many fpccies of fmall birds.

4. Telarius Tawny. A brown fpot

on each fide of the Abdomen. Ac-
cording to GeoftVoy, this infecl fpins a
web on the bark of trees, generally on
the north lide, from top to bottom of
the trunk ; which web being difpcrled
by the wind, covers the fields with

thofe

INSECTS. APTERA. l8?

thofe innumerable threads which fome
Naturalifts have miftaken for conclenfed
vapour.

5. Aquaticus Scarlet. Oval. Length

il line. On ftagnant water. Swims
quick.

6. Kolofericeus. Scarlet Spider. Like the laft.

On the ground, and on plants, ''j. I k

7. Coleoptratorum. Beetle Tick, Tawny. Anus

whitiih. Length i line. 1 have found
2 or 300 on the Belly of one Beetle.

8. Longicornis Head fharp. Abdorren

rounded. Antennae like Crab's-claws.
Abdomen deep red. Legs paler. Length
i. line. Under flones, &c.

PHALANGIUM. Legs 8. Eyes 2. 'Ab-
domen rounded.

1. Opilio. Long-legged Spider. Antennas an-
gular. Palpi 2, Jong, like Antennae.
Legs very long. Eyes on the top of
the Head or Thorax. Head and Tho-
rax both in one. Abdomen, above
brown, beneath white.

2 Cancroidcs. Scorpion Tick. Antennne cheli-
form. Thorax brown. Abdomen trani-
verfely ftriated. On garden pots, and
fometimes in houfes.

ARANEA. Spiders. Legs 8. Eyes 8.

J. Diadema Abdonien gibbous, rcd-

N 4 brown.

I §4 INSECTS. APTE R-A.

brown, with \vhite fpots in the form of
a crqfs.

2. Cucurbitina . Abdornen gibbous,

green-ydlow, with black fpots. Ua
fruit trees. Raj, 20. 5.

3. Domeflica. ..;... Abdomen pale bro\yn»

with 5 black fpots. Somewhat hairy.

4. Labyrinthica. Thorax grey, with

3 longitudinal lines. Abdomei) brown,
with a longitudinal pinnated line.
Tail forked. Large. In fields.

'b

Hy^, Redimita - . . Abdomen oval, pale

yellow, with a crimfon oval crown or
ring on the Back. Legs long, white,
tranlparent. In gardens.

6. Montana Abdomen with grey

fpots ; fides white. Thorax and Legs
pale. Fore feet long, extended.

7. Ex^enfa Abdomen long, grecn-

filver. Legs livid, long, extended.

^. Holoiericea Brown-livid, hz'iry.

Abdomen ovato-oblong, with 2 trun-
cated appendices, and 2 yellow tubercles
beneath.

9. Se.spciilata Eyes only 6. Yel-

lov/ifh, downy. Abdomen fub-cylin-
cricil, with quadrangular black fpots
on the anterior part, and yellow line^
on the fides. Large. On walls, &c.

10. Scenica Blacky covered \\ ith

fhort filvery hair. Abdon-.cji fub-cyiin-
flrical, with 3 oblique white lines on

each

JNSECTS. AFTER A. 1S5

each fide. Legs fhort, hairy, black
and white. Skips. On old walls and
windows. Weaves no web.

^I. Aquatica Pale brown. Abdo-
men oval. Jaws black, large, ftrono-.
Length 5 lines. In lakes. Lives and
hunts at the bottom of the water, de-
vouring its food within a globule of air
formed by itfelf. Vide Geoffi-oy^ 645. 7.

|2. Viatica^ Thorax black-brown.

Abdomen large, yellow, with 2 brown
ipots. Four fore legs long, black and
yellow ; 4 hind legs fhort. Refembles
a Crab. Moves flow. Length 2~ lines.

CANCER. Legs 10 ; firft pair claws, or
pincers. Tail foliated.

f. Pagurus. Common Crab. Tail fhort. Ends
of the claws black.

2, Aianeus. Sea Spider. Tail fliort. Thorax
hairy, tuberculated, oval. Beak bifid.
Claws flender. Mer. Pin. 192.

«. Bernhardus. Bernard the Hermit. Tail long»
foft. Right claw brgeft. Length 2.1.
inches. Lodges in the deferted habita-
tion of Welks and other fheil-hfh.
Dale H^nv._4.^6. . JHer. Pin. 192.

^. Gammarus. Lohfter,

5. Aftacus. Crayjijh.

^. Squiila, Shrimp.

7. Pulcx

lS5 INSECTS. AFTER A,

7. Piilex. Si-a Flea. Yellow. Eyes black. An-
tenna; 4. Body of 12 fegments. Legs
14. Length 7 lines.

S. Salinus Body oblong, larger than

a Loufe. Eyes dillant, lateral, pedun-
culated. Antennae taper, fhorter than
the Body. Tall filiform, the length of
the Body. Legs jo pair. In the Li-
mington fait water.

MONOCULUS. Body covered with a
cruft, or fhell. Feet made for fwim-
ming.

I. Apus Greenifh. Eyes 2, on the

crown, contiguous. Body covered with
2 (hells, or fcales. Tail fcaly, with 2
long hard briftles. Length 18 lines.
In fifh ponds and ditches.

J. Pulex. ...... Greenifh red. One Eye

in the middle of the forehead. Snout
pointed, and bent downwards. An-
tennas forked, fubdivided. Body com-
prefled and covered with a firm {hell,
Tail bifid, fubdivided. Very minute.
Frequent and numerous in ftagnant
water.

3. Quadricornis Grey-brown. One

Eye. Antennas 4. Body diminiflies
towards the Tail, which is long and
bifid, with 3 ox 4 ftrong hairs on each
fide. A bag of eggs on each fide of
the Tail. Length half a line.

4. Con"

a » S EC T S. . A P T E R A. 187

1^. Conchaceus •. . Inclofed in a bi-
valve a{h-coloured Shell, from the aper-
ture of which it puts forth a number
of capillary Antennze, which it retradl.s
when taken out of the water. Length
- li line. In ponds and ditches.

ii.i. -' I d*
ONISCUS. Legs" i^^ Antennas taper.

Body oval.

J. Afilus. Sea Lou/f. Whitilh. Abdomen co-
vered with 2 3hellsj Tail femioval

^. Entomon. Sen JVccd-Lctifei White. Eyes
, black.- Convex above, benejith flat,

margin acute. Antennai 4. Four hind
.,. pair of legs largeft, hairy. Body of 7

fegments. Length li- line, On the

coaft.

3. Aquaticus Afh-colour, An-
tennae taper, of 3 joints. Body of 7
fegments. Tail roundifla, with 2 bifid
appendices. Hind legs longeit. Length
2 lines. In clear fprings.

,4. ^fcllus. Millepes, or IFcod-Loufe. Oval.
Tail obtufe, with 2 undivided briftles.
Various as to colour. Length 5 lines.

5. Armadillo Black, oval, bror.d, po-

liihed. Body of 10 fegments, the
edges of which are white, l^ail ob-
tule, without appendices. On being
touched forms itfclf into a perl. Under
Jloacs.

SCOLO-

j88 I N"S E C T S. A P T E RiA.'

SCOLOPENDRA. Feet not lefs than 24.
Antennas taper. Palpi 2, jointed. Body
deprcfled.

1. Lagura Feet 24. Body oval,

brown. Head black. On each fide g
tufts of hair. Tail a white pencil.
Length 1^ line. Under the bark of
old trees.

2. Forficata Feet 30. Segments 9.

Tawny, fmooth. Antennae of 42 joint*.
Length I inch» Runs fwift. Under
ftones.

3. Ele6lrica Feet 140. Very flat.

Tawny, with a black longitudinal line
on the Back. Segments 70. Joints of
the Antennae 17. Shines in the dark.

JULUS. Feet, on each fide double the
number of the fegments of the Body.
Antennas beaded. Palpi 2, jointed.
■ ;, Body femicylindrical.

J. Terreftris Feet 200. Black, po-

lifhed. Length 5 lines. Under floiies^
Geoff". 679.

2. Sabulofus Feet 240. Afl;-coIour.

CLASS

VERMES. IN TEST IN A. iS^

CLASS VI.

VERMES.

No diftin£l Head, no Ears, no Nofe j in general,
*, no Eyes, no Legs.

L I N T E S T I N A.
- iNaked, fimple, without Limbs.

^•"^'tJORDIUS. Filiform, equal, fmooth.

1. Aquaticus Like a horfe-hair. Ex-
tremities black. In water and in clay.

T. Lacuftris. Piano- fpiral, convoluted,

fmall at each end. In the liver of the
Pike.

ASCARIS. Cylindrical, filiform, fmall at
. • the ends.

3'. Vermicularis Pale red. Mouth

tranfverfe. Tail much fmailer than the
Head. Length half an inch. At the
* * bottom of lakes, and in the inteftines
of children and horfes.

.. ■ 2. Lura-

190 VERMES. iKTESTiNA.'

2. Lumbricoides , . Tail fomewhat an-
gular. Length of the Earth- Worm^
In human inteftines. » ,^

LUMBRICUS. Cylindrical, annulated,
rough.. A broad fiefliy belt. Lateral
pores. ...

1. Terreftris. Earth or Dew TVorm. Segments

100; 26 to 30 form the belt. Two
fpines on each fide of each fegment,
except the belt, all turned backward.
Three pores on each fide of the belt, 2
on the 1 2th, and 2 on the 14th feg-
ment. In the ground, .and in the hu-
man inteftines.

2. Marinus. Sea JVorm, From the middle for-

ward are 14 or 15 fegments, each com-
pofed of 4 or 5 fmall ones. On each
fide of thefe larger fegments are 2 tu-
bercles, with a fmall brittle in the'
center of each. Pofterior half fmooth,
with irregular ringlets, and minute,
punctures.

FASCIOLA. Flat, with a terminal and.
ventral pore.

1. Hepatica Gourd Worm. Oval, (harp before.
A whitiih longitudinal line on the Back,
with an oblong fpot in the middle. Re-
fembles the feed of the common Gourd.
In ditches, rivulets, and in the liver of
(lieep.

2. In-

VERMES. INTESTINA. I9I

2. Inteftinalis Long, narrow, fur-

rowed longitudinally, not jointed. In
the inteftines of fifhes.

3. Barbata White, oblong, fize of

a Cucumber-feed. Mouth with tranf-
verfe papilize. In the inteftines qf the
Sepia lolrgo.

• .. HIRUDO. Subcylindrical, truncated at
each end.

T. Medicinalis. Common Leech. Smooth. De-
prefled, blackifh, with 6 yellow lines
on the back. In fliallow waters.

2. Sanguifuga, Harfe Leech. Brown, deprefTed j

lateral margin yellow. In frefh water.

3. Geometra Cylindrical. Black-

brown. Extremities dilated. Length
half an inch. In frefh water.

4.. Muricata. Sea Leech. Covered with fmall
tubercles. Inthefea. Dale Harw. t^c^-^.

MYXINE. Cylindrical, with a ridge be-
neath. Mouth. terminal. Jawspinnated,
with I tooth in the upper, and feveral
in the under Jaw. No Eyes.

I. Glutinofa Back black-green.

Sides yellowifii. Belly white. Sir.e of
the Dev/ Worm, and annulated. h\
the Sea.

II. MOL-

192 VERMES. mOhLUSZA.

H. M O L LU SEA.

Simple, naked, without Shell, but not enr-
tirely without Limbs.

LIMAX. Oblong. A common aperture'
on the right fide. Tentacdla 4, above
the Mouth.

1. Ater. Black Snail. Back furrowed. Belly

grey. Length 3 inches. In moitt
ihady places.

2. Rufus. Red Snail. Back red-brown. Belly

yellow. At the foot of mountains.

3. Maxrmus. Large Grey Snailj Deeply fur-

rowed, ftriatedj and fpotted with brown.
Largeft of this genus. In' thick woods^
&c.

4. Agreftis. Small Grey Snail. Immaculate.

Length half an inch. On Cabbagesj&c,

5. Flavus. Jmber Snail, With white fpots.

Length i~ inch. On plants.

APHRODITA. Body oval, with many'
Legs. Mouth terminal, cylindrical, re-
traiSlile, with 2 taper tentacula.

I. Aculeata. Sea Moufe. Covered with hair,
mixt with fharp prickles ; that on the
fides, blue-green-gold. Legs 72, with
a fin to each foot. Length 4 inches.
Breadth 14. Dale Harw. 394. Phil.

Trmf.
I

Vermes, m o l l u s c a* 19 j

Tranf. N". 225. p. 405. Found at
* Dublin in the ftomach of a Cod.

NEREIS. Body long, with lateral pencil-
led Tentacula. Mouth terminal, un-
guiculated.

i. Nodliluca Segnrents 23. Scarce

vifible to the naked eye. Shines by
night in the fea, fo as to make the wa-
ter feem on fire.

2. Acuftris Size of a fmall Briftle,

pellucid, as if jointed, with a Foot on
each fide of each joint. In clayey wa-
ter.

LERNiEA. Body oblong, cylindrical ;
Tentacula like arms or branches, with
which it fixes to other animals.

1. Cyprinacea Body iflues from 2

{heath; Tentacula 4, 2 of which are
luuated. Length half an inch. In
filh ponds, adheres to the fides of Carp.

2. Salmoneai ...... Body obovate. Tho-

rax obcordate. Tentacula 2, filiform,
as long as the Body. Ovaria at the end
of the Abdomen, granulous, and as
large as the whole Body. Adheres to
the gills of Salmon.

3. Afellina Body lunated. Tho-

rax cordate. Tail double, cylindrical.
In the gills of Cod, &c.

O SEPIA

194 VERMES, MOLLUSC A,

SEPIA. Body fleftiy, like a vagina or
fheath, receives the Neck or Breaft.
Arms 8. Tentacuia 2, very long.
Mouth terminal, horny. Eyes ? be-
neath the Arms.

1. Officinalis. Ink or Cuttle Fljh. Arms pointed

and covered on the inner fide with tu-
bercles. Tentacuia broad at the end,
and longer than the Body. Length 6
inches. In the fea.

2. Loligo. Sea Sleeve. Body angular, and point-

ed at the bafe. Arms narrower than in
the former. Length 8 inches. Dale
Harw. 392.

MEDUSA. Body gelatinous, orbicular,
deprefied. Mouth beneath, central.
Inhabit the fca.

1. Cruciata Margin entire. In the

center a white crofs. Diameter i inch.

2. Aurita. Sea Nettle. Convex above, concave

beneath. Margin fr-ingcd. On the
under Side 4 arched cavities furrounded
by an opake line, compofed of more
than 20 dots. On the upper furfacc
pale veins.

3. Capillata. Sea Lungs. Orbicular, convex.

Margin regularly divided into 16 feg-

ments.

ASTERIAS.

•V ]E It* »t g" s." *r E s f a: (ft a: 195

ASTERIAS. Form of a ftar. DeprcfTed.
Mouth in the center.

1,. Ruber^s. Five fingered Star FiJJ). Reddifli
■ " *' white. ' Above cOver(?'d With fnft fpines.

v/lj nU }^eneath- a ^quadruple row of papillae.
Diameter 5 inches. Dale Harw. 436.
.f'^ ■ Mer. Pm. igi. Foffiie,. called 5^w^-
ov'.-i borough Star Stone.

2'. Ophiura. . ., . : .- . Body, in proportion,
broader, and rays, which are aifo 5 in

' ' • nLLmbec, much fhorcer than in the laft
fpecies. XXj/i? /fbrw. 436.

^^n ECHINUS. Body roundifli, covered with,
i» . a bony crult, with moveable fpines.

?• Mouth beneath, of 5 valves.

I. Efculentus. Sea Hedge- hog. Shell hem.ifphe-
rical, bluifh-red. Ten feries of am-
bulacra or fpines, with white points.

x! ■ Apertures roundifti. Anus vertical.

Diameter 1 4 inch. On the coaft near

! Scarborough.

2» Spatagus. Sea Egg: Oval, comprefTed*
From the center 4 radii, compofed of
4 feries of perforated puniStures. Aper-

, ture of the Anus beneath. On the

Yorklhire coaft.

/: ■

in. TESTACEA.

Inclofed in a hard fhell, of one or more
parts or valves, ,^nd moveable by the animal.

O 2 LEPAS.

196 VERMIS. TESTACEA.

LEPAS. Shell of many unequal valves fixed
at the bafe. Animal Triton.

1. Balanus Shell conic, furrowed,

fixed. Valves 4, pointed. On the
fea-Oiore.

2. Balanoides. Small Balanus^ or Jcorn fijh.

Grey. Valves 6, flriated, obtufe. Size
of a nut. Frequently adheres to Oi-
fters.

3. Tintinabulum Shell conic >

rough, obtufe, fixed. Like the laft>
but thicker.

4. Anatifera. Barnacle. Shell comprefled, fmooth,

of 5 valves, 2 of vi^hich are larger than
the reft. Fixed generally to old w^ood
in the fea, by a pedicle, like a gut, a-
bout I inch in length.

PHOLAS. Shell bivalve, divaricated, vi^ith
fmaller irregular accefiary valves at the
hinge, which is recurved and connected
by a cartilage. Animal Afcidia.

1. Dadylus. Puhlock. Shell rough, ftriated

longitudinally and tranfverfely j fhape
irregular, the hinge nearer the end,
which extends into a kind of beak.
Length 2 1 inches. Breadth i 4.. In
ftones, particularly in the Ludus Hel-
montii. Shines by night.

2, Candidus Shell oblong, rough,

ftriated both ways, white, diaphanous,

thin.

TERMES. TESTACEA. I97

thin, fragile. Hinge neareft one end.
Length li inch.

3. Crifpata Shell divided tranf-

verfely by a deep furrow ; one half gib?
bous, ftriated, rough, with a long beak,
the other plain, fmooth, with a thin
edge. Hinge with a curved tooth.
Open at either end. Length 1 4 inch.
Breadth li. Frequent on the York-
ftiire coaft.

MYA. Shell bivalve, open at one end.
Hinge with a broad thick tooth, not let
into the oppofite valve.

1. Truncata Shape irregular, fome-

what oval. Hinge obtufe. Length i^-
inch. Breadth i inch. Often found
in a foffile ftate. In the fea.

2. Piflorum Oval. Pale green.

Somewhat pointed. Hinge very near
the obtufe end. Length i i inch;
Breadth 4- inch. In rivers.

T

2. Margaritifera Oval, black, thick,

heavy. Tooth of the hinge, fmooth,
conic. Within whitifh, with a dou-
ble cicatrice. Length 54- inches.
Breadth 2~. In rivers.

SOLEN. Shell bivalve, oblong, open at
each end. Hinge with a fmglc, or
double, conic bent tooth, not let into
the oppofite valve. Animal Jfcida.

O 3 ' I. Sili*.

1^8. VERMES. TESTACEA.

1. Siliqua. . . . T . . . Brown, linear, ftrait,

truncated at each end. "Striated botli
waysj and a diagonal line. Hinge at
one angle, connedled by a membrane.
Length 6 inches. Breadth not quite
an inch'. Frequent on the fliore near
Scarborough,

2. Enfis Differs from the laft in be-

ing much lefs, and a little curved.

TELLINA. Bivalve. In the fore part of

one lliell a convex, in the other a con-
cave fold. Hinge of three teeth. Ani-
mal, Tethys.

1. Trifafciata Oval, comprelTed,

rediiifli-virhite, vi^ith 3 crimfon rays from
the hinge to the circumference. Pubes
wrinkled. Vulva ovata. Length 1 inch.
iBreadth |. inch.

2. Carnaria. « . -. . . . Suborbicular, fmooth,

recldifh- white, obliquely ftriated. With-
in red. Length I inch. Breadth |.inch.
Dale Hafiv. 387.

3. Cornea Globous, fmooth, horn

colour, with a tranfverfe furrow. Size
of a large pea. In pools of freih water,

CARDIUM. Bivalve. Valves equal.
Hinge with middle teeth alternate,
lateral teeth remote, and let into a
groove in the oppohtc valve. Shape of
a heart. Animal Tethys.
5 I. Echi-

VERMES. TESTACEA* I99

I. Echinatutn White, with about

20 ridges, and a row of curved fpines
on each ridge. Breadth i-i inch.
Length fomewhat lefs. On the York-
fliire coaft.

2* Edule. Common Cockle. Ridges 26.

MACTRA. Bivalve, Inequilateral, equi-
valved. Middle tooth of the hinge com-
plicated with an adjacent groove. Ani-
mal, Tethys.

I, Solida Opaque, fubrotund. One

valve convex, the other a little com-
prefled. Yellowifh white. Concentric
curved tranfverfe lines on the furface.
Margin entire. Breadth i-i inch. On
the Yorkfliire coaft.

DONAX. Bivalve. Anterior margin very
obtufe. Hinge with 2 teeth. Animal,
Tethys,

a, Trunculus Within purple. Mar-
gin ferrated. Hinge neareft the fmall
end. Strise from the hinge, eroded by-
deep concentric tranfverfe lines. From
the hinge to the oppofite margin half an
inch. Breadth not quite i inch. On
the coaft near Scarborough.

VENUS, Bivalve. Anterior margin in-
cumbent. Hinge with 3 teeth. Vul-
va y Anus diftinil.

O 4. I. Merce-

iOO VERMES. T E S T A C E A.^

>
i, Mjrccnaria. ..,.,;• Heart-fhaped, thick,
ponderous, fmooth, with a few tranf-
verfe ftriac. Margin ferrated. Internal
margin purple. Liji Angl. t. 8. f. 33.

2. Borealis Subrotund, thin, fra-
gile and very fhallow. Seven or eight
concentric tranfverfe curve lines, di-
ftant from each other. Diameter i-y
iljch.

OSTREA. Bivalve, inequivalve. Hinge
without teeth, with an oval cavity.
Vulva anufue nulla. Tranfverfe ftriae.

I. Maxima. Large Scallop, Longitudinal ridges
14. One valve a little convex, the
other plane. Auricles equal, re<ftan-
gular, ftriated. Reddifti, clouded.
Diameter about 4 inches. On the Irifli
coaft, and near Portland.

7., Obliterata. Small Scallop. Outfide fmooth,
purpiifh red ; infide yeilowifti purple,
with 24 longitudinal double radii.
Length i~ inch. Dale Harw. 383*
On the beech near Laijdguard fort.

3. Edulis. Common Oijler,

ANOMIA. Bivalve j one gibbous at the
bafe, the other plain, and lefs. Hinge
without teeth. Foflile in this king-
dom.

I. Gryphus Oblong, fmooth. The

under fhell is confiderably curved up-
5 wards

TERMES. TESTACEA. 201

wards near the hinge. Length 2^
inches.

2. Pedlen. ; . . . ^ . Semiorbicular. On one

valve many longitudinal ftriae. Thefe
(hells, or imprefHons of them, are found
in black ftones in coal mines. Breadth
1 inch.

3. Truncata Auriculae large. Lon-

gitudinal ftriae extreamly fine and nu-
merous. Hinge ftraight. Length half
an inch ; breadth |. In limelt-ones.

4. Crifpa. ....... Subtriangular, rough,

plicated, the middle fold larger and
deeper than the reft. On one fide a
kind of beak or point. Diameter i inch.
In bluifli lime-ftone, in Craven and
other parts.

5. Lacunofa Size of a large hazel-

nut, of 3 lobes. Valves plicated at the
apex. One valve with deep cavities,
tridentate at the apex.

6. Terebratula Rounded at one end,

and fharp at the other. One valve with
3 folds, the other with 2. Length near
1 inch.

7. Spinofa With fpines as long as

the (hell.

MYTILUS. Bivalve, rough, generally
fixed to the Bijfus. Hinge without
teeth, diftind, with a fubulated hollow
longitudinal line.

I. Litho-

102 VERMES. TESTACiEA,

I, Lithophagus "White, glofly, fof-

iil, filled with a yellow earthy ftone.
Length 2 inches. Thick half an inch.

1. Rugofus Rounded at one end,

and truncated at the other. A line pa-
rallel with the margin. Length i inch.
Breadth half an inch.

3. Edulis. Common Mufcle.

4. Cygneus Oval. Outfide green-

ifh, within filver^white. Both valves
very thin, and in fome degree tranf-
parent. Length 5 inches. Breadth 24*
In many lakes in the North, Liji,
Angl, afp, 9. t. I. f. 3.

CYPRiEA. A fingle fhell, involuted,
oval, obtufe, fmooth. Aperture denr
tated, longitudinal. Animal Limax,

). Stolida. Northumberland G owry . Grey, with
quadrangular brown fpots on each fide.
Siz,e of a Sparrow's egg.

BUCCINUM. A fingle fiiell, fniral, gib-
bous. Aperture oval, ending in a
dexter cavity. Lip expanded oh th^
inner fide. Animal Limax.

I. Lapillus. Larger Englijh Purple F'ljh. Whit-
ifh, thick, ponderous. Volutions 5.
Aperture not large. Lips thick, fer-
rated. Beak fiiort, notched. Length
j^ inch. On the fhore.

2. Un-

VERMES. TESTACEA. 203

2. tJndatum Thick, ponderous ;

outfide reddifh btown ; within reddifti
white. Volutions 7, longitudinally
waved, tranfverfely ftriated. Aperture
large. Length 3 inches.

MUREX. A fingle fhell, fpiral, rough.
Aperture ending in a ftraight canula.
Animal Limax.

I. Corneus. Long JVelk. Thick, ftrong. Vo-
lutions 8, ftriated parallel with the vo-
lutions. Beak long. Length 2 inches.
On the coaft.

TROCHUS. A fingle Ihell, fpiral, fub-
conic. Aperture fomewhat angular or
roundifli, narrow at the top. Colu-
mella oblique.

1. Pharaonius. Top Shelly or Venus Bugle. Um-

bilicated, oval, ftriated ; with alternate
black and white fpots in tranfverfe
rows. Aperture and umbilicus dentat-
ed. Dale Harw. 381. 4.

2. Cornulus. Sfnall Umbilicated Top Shell. Size

of a waiftcoat button. Tranfverfely
waved and ftriated with brown. Vo-
lutions 5, with a raifed line or cord
between. On the Eaft coaft. Dale
Harw. 381.

3. Zizyphinus. Pyramidal Sea Snail. White,

with reddifli fpots in the middle of each

vqjuiion.

2Q4 VERMES. T E S T A C f aT

volution. Somewhat like the laft, but
without cord. Dale Harw. 380.

TURBO. Shell fingle> fpiral. Aperture

orbicular, contraded, entire. Animal
Limax*

1. Littoreus. Periwincle. Volutions 5, flriated.

2. Duplicatus White, pyramidal,

like a fcrew. A double ridge along the
middle of the volutions, which are
about 12 in number. Length 3 inches.

3. Perverfus. ...... Yellowifti white, thin.

Volutions 7, contrary, i. e. from right
to left. Length ^ inch. Near the
trunks of old trees.

4. Mufcorum Oval, yellowifh,

pellucid. Volutions 6. Aperture com-
prelFed, narrow. Length i inch. On
old mofs-grown walls.

o*

HELIX. Snails. Shell llngle, fpiral, fub-
diaphanous, fragile. Aperture con-
tra6led, fubrotund, lunated on the in-
ner fide. Animal Limax.

I. Lapicida Brown or horn colour,

convex on both fides. Volutions 5,
with tranfverfe reddifh ftriae. Apex a
little prominent, perforated- Margin
of the volutions fharp. Aperture large,
oval, tranfverfe, and white within.
Diameter | inch, In woods in Lin-
colnshire,

2. Pla-

VERMES. T£STAC£A« 205

2. Planorbis. Brown. Both fides

convex. Volutions 4, with a promi-
nent fharp margin. Aperture oval, ob-
lique, circumfcribed. Diameter |. inch.
In rivulets.

3. Vortex Black-brown. Voluti-

ons 5. Diameter y inch. Aperture
not circumfcribed ; otherwife like the
former.

4.,, Cornea Brown, with very ml-

, '* nute raifed ftriae. Volutions 4. Con-

r' cave on both fides. Diameter i inch.

Snail has red horns, and emits a crim-
fon liquor. In ftill rivers and pools.

5. Pomatia . Afli colour. Volutions

5. Aperture fomewhat lunar, reflex-
ed, with a deep external finus on the
left fide. Size of a Pigeon's egg. In
the South. Eaten in France.

6. Arbuftorum Yellow, fpotted or

marbled with white. Volutions 5,
with a fingle grey belt along the middle.
Aperture lunar, with a double margin,
fiddle fize. In fhady thickets,

7. Vivipara Black-brown, with 2

or 3 brown belts. Volutions 5. A-
pex pointed. Aperture round, near
which is a deep finus. In ftill river*
and pools.

f . Nemoralis. Common Garden Snail. Colour
various.

9. Stag-

206 VERMES. TE«TAeEA,'

9. Stagnalis ' Ydtowifh, opacjue.

Volutions 6. Aperture very large,
oval. Apex flender, pointed. Length
i{. inch. In pools.

10. Putris. ....... Yellowifh, very th'm.

Volutions 3. Apex obtufe. Aperture
large, oval. Length 4 inch. In rivers
and pools. •-jij ^

11. Tentaculata Olive colour. Vo-

lutions 5. Aperture oval, clofed hy a
valve, and the whole fhell covered by
an argilaceous cruft. In rivers and
pools.

12. Auricularia Yellowifh, pellu-

cid. Volutions 4, the 3 lower very
fipajl. Aperture very large. Length
I inch. In rivers and pools.

NERITA. Shell fingle, fpiral, gibbous..
Aperture femiorbicular ; Lip tranfverfe,
truncated. Animal Limax.

1. Glaucina. S^a Snail. Reddifh white, fmooth,

thick. Volutions 5 ; the firft very
large, the reft fmall, with 5 belts fpot-
ted with brovi^n. Length not quite 'I
inch. On the (hore.

2. Fluviatilis Greenifh blue, thick,

ftrong, reticulated, fpotted. Volu-
tions 2. Size of a fmall pea. InriveK.

3. Littoralis Greenifh brown, re-

ticulated. Volutions 3. Apex a little

promi-

.VERMES. T * S T A <: fi A.' 9.-Of

prominent. Length 4 inch. On the
fea fhore. Liji, Jngl.ib^, t. 3. f. 13.

HALIOTIS. Shell fingle, auriform, flat;
difk longitudinally perforated. Animal

Limax. - • ;

'I. Tuberculata. Sea Ear. Oval. Convex fide
reddifh brown, with fpiral ridges, and
6 or 7 'round holes. Concave fide mo-
ther of pearl. Length 4 inches 5
breadth 2|. On the (hore.

PATELLA. Shell fingle, fubconic, not
voluted. Animal Z/W;ic

1. Vulgata. Common Limpet^ or Pop Shell, Li-

vid grey. Conic with 14 obfolete an-
gles. Apex obtufe, and not in the
center. From the apex to the edge il.
inch. Diameter of the aperture 2 inches.
On the coaft.

2. Lacuftris Oval, fragile, pellucid.

Vertex pointed, reflexed. Diameter
4 inch. In the rivers Air and Warf in
Yorkfhire.

SERPULA. Shell fingle, tubular, ad-
hering to other bodies. Animal Tere-
bella.

I. Spirorbis Orbicular, fpiral, re-
gular. Volutions above inwardly fub-
caniculated, gradually lefs. Adheres
to fea weeds on the coaft.

SABELLA.

2o8 VERMES. LITHOPHYTA^'

SABELLA. Tubular, compofed of par--
tides of fand united by a membrane.
Animal Nereis,

I. Alviolata. EngUJh tubular Sand Coral. Com-
pofed of numerous cells. Animal half
an inch long. On the Yarmouth
coaft.

IV. LITHOPHYTA.

Coral, calcareous, fixed, built by animals.
Animal Mollufca, compofite,

MADREPORA. Coral, with cavities la-
mellofo-fteUated. Animal Medufa.

I. Muficalis Fafciculated, with co-
rals cylindrical, ftriated, diftant, con-
ne£led by numerous tranfverfe mem-
branes. On the Irifti coafl.

MILLEPORA. Coral, with turbinated
cylindrical pores. Animal, Hydra.

1. Fafcialis. Stony foUaceous Coralline^ Mem-

branaceous, of many branches, with a
great number of oval pores on each fur-
face. Found adhering to an Oifter-
lhell,on thecoaft of thelfleofWight.

2. Polymorpha Short, irregular

ramifications of equal thicknefs in all
parts, of a ftony, chalky appearance ;
fometimes livid red. Near Falmouth,
IfleofMan, Ireland.

CELLE-

VERMES. ZOpPHYTA. 2O9

CELLEPORA. Coral, fubmembranaceous,
compofed of round cells. Animal
Hydra.

I. Pumicofa Appears, in the mi-

crofcope, like a pumice ftone. Found
on the Sickle Coraline, in irregular
lumps like white fand tenaceoufly u-
nited.

V. ZOOPHYTA.

Stem vegetating, and changing into an ani-
mated flower, or efflorefcent compoflte animal.

GORGONIA. Stem radicated, horny,
continued, branching ; bafe fpreadino-
and covered with a bark. Florets hy-
dra, proceeding from lateral pores.

1. Placomus. JVarted Sea Fan. Like the branch

of a crab tree, incrufted. Florets ftel-
lated, with 8 fetaceous rays. On the
Cornifli coaft.

2. Anceps. Sea IVilhw. Stem and branches

comprelTed, with porous calcareous
edges.

3. Flabellum. Venus Fan. Branches compref-

fed on the inner fide, and connefted by
intermediate necwork. Cortex yellow.

ALCYONIUM. Florets i:^Y/r^, between
the cortex. Epidermis veficular, po-
rous.

P I. Digi-

2i0 VERMES. 20aPrtYTA.

1. Digitatum. Dead'TTKtn'i Hand. Without

ftcm, coriaceous, wrinkled, foft. VVhen
recent, covered with minute papillae,
• jvfrith a ftar of 8 points on the top of
each, and each point contains a poly-
pus with 8 fingers. Frequently ta-
ken up by fiftiermen trawling for flat
fifh, on the Kentifli coaft.

2. Schlofferi Subrotund, fiefhy, li-

vid, covered by a thin fkin. Florets
large, diflinft, but little elevated, ftel-
lated with 6— lO points, and with a
pore at the bafe. On the cornifh coafl.

3. Burfa. Sea Purfe. Subglobous, foft green.

JL. Ficus. Sea Fig. Lobed like the kn^s of
animals. Dark olive, fiefey, fmells
difagreeably. Infide full of yellow par-
ticles. Surface covered v^^th fmall ilars
of fix rays. Near Sheernefa.

SPONGIA. Stem radicated, flexile, bi-
bulous. Pores on rtie furface refpirc
■ water.

1. Oculata. Branched Sponge. Branched, ir-

regular, erea, fine, tender, tranfpar-
ent, yellow, interwoven, inofculating,
comprefied. On the coaiL

2. Dicotoma. Forked Sponge. Green, erea, cy-

lindrical, dicotomous, wooly, of a com-
paa fubftance, tough. On the Corn-
ifli and Yorkfhire coaft.

3. Lacuf-

VERMES. 200PHYTA. 3It

7. Lacuftris. Creeping Sponge, with erejSt, cy-
lindrical, obtufe branches. At the
bottom of lakes in Weftmoreland.

4. Fluviatilis. River Sponge. Green, ereft, fra-
gile, irregular, of many branches. In
the Thames, Cam, &c.

FLUSTRA. Stem radicated, covered with
cellular pores. Florets Hydra, ifTuing
from poriform cells.

I, Foliacea. Broad- leaved Horawrack. Branched,
foliaceous, membranaceous, flexile,
fpongy, with alternate arched cells on
each furface. Homy when dry. On
the coaft.

i^, .Truncata. Narrow-leaved Hcrnwrad. Leaves
truncated, and cells difpofed in longi-
tudinal lines.

3. Pilofa. Irregular Spongy foliaceous Coralline.
Cells in the form of inverted cones j
apertures fpinous,

TUBULARIA. Stem radicated, filiform,
tubular. Florets terminal, folitary.

1. Indivifa. Tubular Coralline. Like a bundle

of oaten ftraws. Tubes diflindl 5 or 6
inches long, filled with a reddifh liquor,
on the'extremitles of which are polypes
with plumed crefts.

2. Ramofa. Small ramified tubular Coralline. Ax-

illae twifted. On the extremity of the
tubes are polypes, like thofe found in
ditches by Monf. Trembley.

P 2 3, Fiihi-

212 VERMES. ZOOPHYTAr

3. Fiftulofa. Bugle Coralline. Tubular, jointed,

progrelTively divaricated.

4. Mufcoides. Tubular wrinckled Coralline. Com-

pofed of a number of horny, elaftic,
fingle tubes, i or 2 inches long, and
about the thicknefs of a fine ftraw. A
crimfon polypus on the extremity of
each.

5. Campanulata. Creeping, with

campanulated tubes, and a crefted poly-
pus. Extreanily minute.

CORALLINA. Stem radicated, jointed,
thready, calcareous.

1. Officinalis. Coralline of the Shops. Fixed to

rock and fhells by ftony joints. Stem
pinnated by branches oppofite to each
other. Joints like part of an inverted
cone a little ccmpreffed. Surface co-
vered with minute circular cells. Co-
lour various when recent, but con-
ftantly white when dry.

2. Rubens. Crejled or Cock's-comb Coralline.

Like mofs growing in round tufts, re-
fembling a bird's creft, fpread fiat on
each other. White, red, or green.
The microfcope {hews the filaments to
be dichotomous.

3. Corniculata. White Jlender jointed Coralline.

Dichotomous, pinnated below, with a
kind of horn on each fide of the tops of
the lower joints. Adheres to fmall
Fuci.

SERTU-

.VERMES. ZOOPHYTA. 21^

SERTULARIA. Stem radicated, fibrous,
naked, jointed. Florets Hydra, one
at each joint.

I. Rofacea. Lilly fiaxvering Corallhie. Branches
alternate, with truncated oppc lite den-
ticles, and veficular florets like the
flowers of the lilly. On Orfteis.

'2. Pumila. Sea Oak Coralline. Branches irre-
gular. Denticles in pairs, oppofite,
with curved points. Veficles irregular.
Polypes on the extremity of both ve-
ficles and denticles. This little creep-
ing Coralline is found proceeding from
fmall tubuli, on the broad leaved iii-

''■• dented Sea Oak Fucus, about Sheer-

nefs.

3. Operculata. Sea Hair. Grows in thick

tufts, the filaments of which, lie upon
the ground. Branches alternate. Ve-
• '- ficles refemble jars with covers.

4. Tamarifca. Sea Tarnarijk, Branches alter-

nate. Denticles oppofite. Veficles
fliaped like a top, with a fhort tube in
the center. In deep water at the en-
terance of .the harbour of Dublin.

5. Abietina. Sea Fir. Root wrinkled, tubular.

Stems ftiff", horny. Branches alternate.
Denticles alternate, with narrow
mouths. Veficles oval, with narrow
necks. On Oifters, Mufcles, &c.

6. Cupreflina. Sea Cyprefs. Denticles fubaciite,

and clofcly united to the liem. Branches
long, thin. Veficles bidcncate.

P 3 Ar-

'214 VERM is. ZOOPHYfA.'

' ^— - Argentea. Squirrel*} Tail. ErciSt, with
thick tufts of alternately denticulated
branches. Denticles pointed and curv-
ed inwards. Veficles like jars. Oh
Oifters, in the ifle of Sheppy.

J. Rugofa. Snail-trefoil Coralline. Roots irre-
gular, creeping, tubulous, adhering
to the narrow- leaved Hornwrack.
Branches irregular. Denticles alter-
nate, tranfvferfely furrowed, and fhaped
like the cones of the Fir. Veficles of
the fame fliape, but with 3 {harp Teeth
on the top. Near Brighthelmftone.

$. Halecina. Herring-bone Coraline. Eredl, tu-
bular, pinnated. Denticles alternate,
obfolete. Veficles oval. Refembles the
fpine of a Herrinig.

g. Thuja. Botile-hrujh, Coralline. Arifes from
horny tubuli, firmly adhering to Oifters.
Stem zigzag, branched at the top.
Branches forked, l^enticles clofe to
the branch. Veficles at the bottom of
the bi"anches, oval, covered. On the
northern coaft.

10. Myriophillum. Fheafant's-tail Coralline. Root

fpongy. Stem gibbous on one fide^ and
feathered on the other. Denticles like
cups, all on one fide of the pinnae.
Height 10 or 12 inches. In deep wa-
ter on the Irifh coaft.

11. F^lcata. Sickle Corallirie. Adheres to r6ck^

by wrinckled tubes. Stem waved.
Branches pinnated and curved. Den-
ticles

VIRMIS. ZOOPHYTA. 215

tides on one fide of the pinnae. Vef
ficles like jars. On the Kentifli coaft.

12. Pluma. Podded Coralline. Like the laft, ex-

cept that the denticles are fbaped like
the flowers of the Lilly of the valley.
From the branches arife little pods, in-
compafled with ftudded ribs. On
Mufcles, &c. near Dublin.

13. Antennina. Lobjier s-horn Coralline^ or Sea

Beard. Branches alternate, ftraight.
Denticles verticillated, quatern, beard-
ed. Veficles verticillated, with the
aperture oblique.

14. Vcrticillata. Horfe Tail. Branches alter-

nate. Denticles obfolete. Veficles
on twifted foot-ftalks, fhaped like cups,
verticillated ; cups denticulated round
the brim. Near Whitehaven.

15. Volubilis. Small climbing Coralline. Ve-

ficles like bells on the fummit of long
{lender flems, twifted round other Co-
rallines.

16. Syringa Twifted ftems, much

fhorter than the laft. Cups cylindrical.
Adheres to the Sea-fir Coralline.

17. Cufcuta. Climbing Dodder-like Coralline. Stems

no thicker than hair. Branches oppo-
fire, fimple. Veficles oval, axillary.
On the Podded Fucus.

18. Uva. Grape Coralline. Extreamly minute.

The microfcope (liews clufters of ovnl
P 4 veficles

2l6 VERMES. ZOOPHYTA."

veficles like grapes attached to the
fiem ; thefe are polypes.

19. Lendigera. Nit Coralline. Stem jointed.

Veficles cylindrical, arranged like or-
gan pipes on one fide of the ftem. Mi-
nute. Climbs on Fuci, &c.

20. Geniculata. Knotted -thread Coralline. Stem

waved, jointed. Denticles alternate,
contorted. Veficles alternate, like jars
with a cover. Adheres to Podded Fu-
cus. Dover, Harwich.

21. Dichotoma. Sea-thread Coralline. Stem no

thicker than a fine thread, zigzag,
jointed, tough, pliant, with ringlets
at each joint, and a twifted foot-ftallc,
each fupporting an oval veficle, fome
clofed, and others open at the top. Oil
the fouth-weft coaft.

22. Spinofa. 5//,^ Coralline. Stem compofed of

filky threads, zigzag, with fliort fork-
ed branches. Irregular rows of pores
on one fide of the branches. Adheres
to ftones.

23. Pinnata. Sea Brijlle. Stem jointed. Branches

alternate, capillary, denticulated. Ve-
ficles fhaped like Olives, Grows on
Mufcles, like fliff briftles, which,
when dried, bend all one way.

24. Polyzonias.- Great Tocth Coralline. Den-

ticles large, oval. Veficles tranfvcrfely
ftriated. Stem flender, twifted. On
Mufcles.

25. Liche-

VERMES. ZOOPHYTA. 2iy

25. Lichenaftrum. Sea Spleenwori. Stem up-

right, jointed, comprefTed, denticulat-
ed. Branches ftraight, alternate, den-
ticulated. Denticles alternate, obtufe,
numerous, and clofe prefied to the
branches. Near the harbour of Dub-
lin.

26. Burfaria. Shepherd' s-purfe CoralUne. Pearl

colour. Branches irregular, v/ith nu-
merous denticles, like brackets, onpo-
fite.. A figure like the head of a to-
ba'co-pipe on the top of each denticle.
Branches extieamly fine. On Fuci.

27. Loriculata. Coc:t of Mail Coralline. Grows
^-*'"'" in large thick tufts. Stem and branches
3- are compofed of denticles or cells, op-

pofite, and obliquely truncated at the
top, which is broader than the bottom,
lile of Sheppy.

28. Faftigiatn. Soft-feathered Coralline. Appears

in its perftcl ftate like the branch of a
fV.rub, with many leaves or feathers.
Branches forked. Denticles alternate,
femicyliudrical, pointed, with a black
■ fpot in -the middle.

29. Avicularia. Birds-head Coralline. Like a fea-

ther about i\ inch long. Branches com-
pofed of cells with a (harp denticle on
one fide, and a globular veficle like a
bird's head, wirh the bill wide open.
Very brittle. Near the harbour of
Dublin. ^

2 30. Scru-

llS TERMES. 200PHTTA,

30. Scrupofa. Creeping Stony Coralline. Branches

dichotomous. Denticles alternate, an-
gulated, fpinous.

31. Rcpens. Creeping Coralline. Branches di-

chotomous. Denticles alternate, bi-
dentated. Adheres to fhells.

32. Ciliata. Ciliated Coralline. Branches dicho-

tomous, ereft, with infundibiliform
cells joined at their bafes, and with
wide mouths bearded on the upper lip.

33. Eburnea. Tufted Ivory Coralline. Branched.

Cells arched, conjunct, gibbous, with
a neck not in the center.

34. Cornuta. Goat's-hom Coralline. Branches

alternate. Cells fmgle, fhaped like
goats horns inverted, with a circular
aperture, and a fingle upright hair near
the top of each. Very minute,

35. Loricata. Buirs-horn Coralline. Branches

alternate. Cells fmgle, like inverted
horns inferted into each other, with a
fhort hair on the top of each. Very
minute.

36. Anguina. Snake Coralline. Not branched.

Stem an irregular tube, from which pro-
ceed, here and there, fmall oblong tef-
taceous figures like fnakes without the
under jaw.

VORTICELLA. Stem fixed, vibrating

the ifloret in a vortex. Floret with a

2 vafcular

vafcular calyx : mouth contra6lilej cir
liated, terminal.

1. Polypina. Clujiring Polypus Coralline. When
at reft appears like a bunch of grapes ;
but has a power of expanding into the
form of a little tree bearing large p6ar<>
"without leaves*

2* Anaftatica Compcfite ; florets nu-
merous, campatiulate. Stem rigefcent.
In frefh water, on fhells and plants.

3. Crataegaria. ,..*••• Compofite. Stem
branched. Florets globous. Tenta-
cula 2. In frefh water.

^. Opercularia Compofite. Stem

branched. Florets oval. In frefli wa-
ter.

5. tJmbellaria Compofite. Stem

umbelled. Florets globous ciliated.
In frelh water.

B. Convallaria. . . . i . . Simple, gregarious.
Florets companulate. In frelh water.

y. Urceolaris Simple, pedunculated,

mouth dentated. In lakes.

HYDRA. Stem not fixt to any particular
fubftance. Gelatinous, with a fingle
Floret. Mouth terminal, environed
by feveral tentacula.

I. Viridis Tentacula 10. Short.

Green. In rivers.

2. Fufca.

220 VERMES. ZOOPHYTA.

2. Fufca Brown. Tentacula 8. In

frefh water.

3. Grifea Grey. Tentacula 7.

long. In clear frefh water .

4. Hydatula. Tentacula 4, obfo-

lete. Like a pellucid bladder, with a
cylindrical neck. In the abdomen of
Iheep, fwine, mice, &c. between the
peritoneum and the inteitines.

5. Stentorea. Tentacula ciliated.

Body infundibuliform. In frefli water.

TAENIA. Body long, jointed, like a
chain. Mouth aiid vifcera to each
joint.

J. Solium. Mouths marginal, one in each
joint. In the inteitines of various ani-
mals.

2. Vulgaris. Common Tape Worm. Mouth la-
teral, 2 in each joint. In the intef-
tines of men and brutes.

GENE-

GENERA, iS'c.

AEDOMINALES.
Acarus. —

ACCIPITRES.

Acipenfer.

Alauda.

Alca.

Alcedo.

Alcyonium.

Ammodites. • —

Ampelis. ■

Amphibia. —
Anarchichas.

Anas. '

Anguis.

Anomia. •

Akseres. —

Aphis.

Aphrodita. —

A pis.

Apodes. —

Aptera.

Ardea.

Aicaris.

Afilus. •

Afterias.

Auelabus. —

Balaina.

Blatta.

Blennius.

Bos. —

Buccinum.

Burobylius.

Bupreliis.

Byrrhus.

Callionymus.

78

182

10

64

45
26

19

209

68
49

59
68

21

61
200

20
124
192
168

67
180

■ 33

189

178
»95

lOI

- 8
114

72

/

202

»79

107

90

- 69

Cancer. —

Canis. -

Cantharis. -
Capra. —

Caprimulgus.
Carabeus. -
Cardium. —
Caffida. —

Cellepora. -
Cete. —

Ceranibix. —
Certhia.
Cervus.
Charadrius.
Chryiis.
Chryfomela.
Cicada. —

Cicindela.

Cimex. •

Clupea. -

Cobitis.

Coccinella.

Coccus. —

Coleoptera.

Coluber.

Columba.

Colymbus.

Conops.

Coracias.

Corallina.

Corvus.

Cottus.

Cuculus.

Culex. —

Curculio.

185
2

• 104

7

- 58
■ 109

198

- 92
209

- S
102

20
6

- 39
167

- 94
116

- 106

- 119

8z

• 78

- 93

- 127

- 8>
60

- 45

- 29

- 178

- »7

- 212

16

73

- iS

- ^77

- 97

Cyclop-

( 2i2 )

CytTopterus.
Cynips.
Cypra;a.
Cyprinus.

Delphinus.
Dermeftes.

DiPTERA.

J>onax.
Dytifcus.

Echinus.
Elater. —
Emberiza.
Ephemera.
Equus. —
Erinaceus.
Efox.

Falco.
fafciola.
felis. —
Fekm,
FJuftra.
Forficula.
.Formica.
Fringiila.
fillica.

Gadus.

Gallin.'e.

iGafterofleus.

Gobius.

Gordius.

Gorgonia.

Grall.^.

Giyllus.

G^rinuj.

6;

i6i

202

82

Q

88

170

«99
ic8

195

105

158

7

4
Si

10

190
2

210

»J3

169

5»
41

6p

42

76

72

189

209

33
1 14

9^

Haematopus.
Haiiotis.
Hdix. —
Hemerobius.
Hemiptera.

Homo. ■
Hippobofca. —

Hirudo.

Hirundo. —

Hifter.

Hydra, ■
Hymenoptera.

Ichneumon. —

Intestina. — -
■Jugulares.
Julus. ■-

Labrus. - —

Lacerta. —
Lampyris.

Lanius. —

Larus. 1—

Lepas. —
Lepidoptera.

Lepifma. —

Leptura. -

Lepus. —

Lernxa. -
Libellula.

Limax. —

Lithophyta. —
Lophius. ■
Loxia. ■

Lucanus. ■
Lumbricus. •

Maftra.

46
207
204
J 6a
114
I
1-9
191

57

90

219

161

164

189

6^

188

75

59

104

15

30
196
128
180
103
4

»93
156

19Z

208

— 64

- 49
88

— igo

- 199

Mad re-

( 223 )

Madrepora.
Mammalia.
Med u fa.
Meloe.
Mergus. —

Millepora. —

MoLLUSCA. —

Monoculus. —
Mordella. —
Motacilla. —
Mugil. ^^
Mullus. — —
Murex. —

Mus.

Mulca.

Mufcicapa.
Muftela. —

Mya.

MytiliK. —
Myxine. —

NaNTE5.

Nepa. — —

Nereis.

Nerita. — —

Neuroptera.

Notoneda.

Onifcus. —

Oftrea. —

Otis. — -

Ovis. —

Panorpa. —
Papilio. —
Par us. — —
Passeres.

Patella.

Pecora.

208
• I

194.

IIZ

208
192
186

U2

53
81

77

203

5

173
53

3
197
201
191

61

118
193
206
156
117

187

200

42

7

161

129

56

■ 45

207

- 6

Pediculus.
Pelecanus.
Perca. —
Petromyzon.
Phalangiuna.
Phalasna.
Phafianus.
Phoca. —

Pholas.

Phryganea.

Phyfeter,

Picae. — —

Picus. — —

Plearoneftes.

Pod Ufa.

Primates.

Procellaria.

Ptinus.

Pukx.

Raja.

Rallus.

RaDa.

Rccurviroftra.

Sabella.

Salmo. — ^

Sertularia.

Scarabseus.

Sciurus. —

Scolopax.

Scolopendra.

Scomber.

Sepia.

Serpula.
Silpha. —
Sircx. •^—
Sitta. — —
Solcn. — — "

( 224 )

Sorex. — 4' Thoracici. • 72

Sparus. ■■" — 75 Thrips. — 128

Sphex. — . 167 Tipula. — 171

Sphinx. " — 137 Trachinus.- 69

Spongia. • — 210 Trigla. — — — 78

Squalus-. < 62 Tringa. ■ — 36

StaphiHnus. — — 112 Trochus. 203

Sterna. — 32 Turbo. — — — 204

Strix. 14 Turdus. ■ — 47

Stutnus. ■ » 47

Sus. ■ ■ ■• 7 Venus. — — — ■ 199

Sygnanthus. — — 65 Vermes. ■ 189

Vefpa. . ■ 167

Tabanus. 177 Velpertilio. i

Taenia. — 220 Vcnicella. 218

Talpa. — 4 Upupa. — 20

Tellina. — ig8 Urfus. -' — 3

Tenebrio. —— 1 1 1

Tenthredo. 162 Yunx. • 18

Termes. 181

Tefta€ea. ■ ■ 195 Zeus. — 73

Tetrodon. '--■■ 65 Zoophyta. 209

Tetrao. — ~-. — 43

S P E-

SPECIES.

27,

22,

Aberdavine. —
Acorn-fifli. -

Admiral.

Angel-fifh,

Ant.

Argus.

Afs.

Avofetta.

Awk.

Badger.

Barbie.

Barnacle.

Bafle.

Bat

Bee.

Beetle.

Bernard the heriTiit-

Bittern. —

Black-cap.

Black-game.

Black-legs.

Bleak.

Blinds.
Blind-worm.
Boat-fly.
Bounce.

Brambling. —

Bream.

Breeze. ■

Buck.

Bog.

Bugkin. —

Bull-comber.

Bulfinch.

51
196

133

63
169

'3'

7
40

, 26

3

82

196

76

I

168

85, &c.

185

33

55

43
86

84

70

61

117

63

. 50

84
170

6

119

122

85

49

51

Bull. head.

Bunting.

Buftard.

Butcher-bird. -
Butterflies.
Butter-filh.
Buzzard. — 13,

Cabbage Butterfly.

Carp. . -

Cat;
Cacfifli.
Cod. •
Ccckle.

129

82

z

63

70

199

Cock of the mountain. 43
Cock of the wood.

Cockpaddle.

Coldfinch.

Cole-fifli.

Colemoufe.

Coot, i ' —

Coral. ' —

• 43
6>
55

7'
56

41

20S

Coralline.

211, 212, 208,

Cornllh Cough.
Corvorant.

Chaffinch.

Chaire.

Chatterer.

Cheven.

Chub.

Clock.

Crab. -

Crayfifh.

Creeper.

■ 17
. 28

• 51

• 80

49
83
83
86
- 185

- 185

— 20
Cricket.

( 226 )

Cricket.

Crowbill.

Crow.

Cuckoo. —

Cuckow-fpit, infedt.
Curlew. — — —
Cuttle-filh.

Pab.
Dace.

Dead-man's hand.

Deer.

Diver.

Dog.

Dolphin.

Dor.

Doree.

Dormoufe

Dotrel.

Duck. —

Dun Diver.

Dung-hunter

Dunlin. —

16

18

116

34
194

Eagle.

Earwig.

Eel.

Eel-Pont.

Eft.

Emperor.

Ermine.

Erne. -

Falcon. —

Father-lafher.
Fieldfare.
Fincale. •—
Fire-flaire.
FisnEs.

Hi

10
113

67

71

59
132

• 3
II

13

73
48

83
62

67

Flaire.

Flea.

Flies.

Flounder.

Fly -catcher.

Foumart.

Fox.

Fritillary.
Frog. —
Frog-fifh.
Froghopper.
Froth-worm.
Fulmar. —

Gad-fly. —
Gadwall. —
Gannet. —
Gar-fifh. —
Garganey,
Glow-worm.

Gnat.

Goat.

Goat-chafer.

Goatfucker.

God wit.

Golden Eye.

Goldfinch.

Gowry. —

Goofander.

Goofe.

Grampus.

Grafs hopper.

Grayling.

Grebe.

Greenfinch.

Greenfhank.

Grey. — — -

Greenland Dove.

Giofsbeak.

Ground.

( 227 )

Groundling.
Grous. —
Gudgeon.
Guillemot.

Gull.

Gurnard.
Gy rfalcon.

Haddock.
Hake.
Hare. —
Hart. -
Hawfinch.
Hawk.
Heath Cock.
Hedgehog. —
Hedge Sparrow.
Hen-Harrier. -
Heron. ■

Herring.

Hobby.

Hog. ■

Holibut.

Hoopoe.

Hornet.

Horn-fifh. — ^
Hornwrack. —

Horfe.

Horfe-tail. —
Hound-fifh. —

Jackdaw.

Jackfnipe.

Jay. -

Ink fifh.

Keftril.

Kingfilher.

Kice. — —

19

44

83

29

3'
78
12

7»

S
6

49
•3

— 43

— 4

— 53

— 1 1

— 33

— 82

— II

— 8

— 74

— 20

— 167

— 81

— 211

7

■ 2J5

64, 63

— 17

— 35

— «7

— 195

— 12

— 20
u

Knot.

Lady-bird.

Lady-cow.

Lamprey.

Land Rail.

Lanner.

Lapwing.

Lark.

Launce.

Leech.

Limpet.

Ling.

Linnet.

Lizzard.

Loach.

Lobftcr.

Lough Diver.

Loufe. —

Lumpfifli.

Lyre. —

38

Mackrel.

Magpie.

Maid.

Mallard.

Man.

Martin.

Merlin.

Mew.

Miller's thumb. —
Minime. ■

Minow-pink.

MifTel bird. —

Mole.

Morgay.

Moihs — 139
Mountain finch. —
Monk.

Q.2

17

62

I

- 3' 57

H

31

73
83

8?
48

4

63

137

- 51

63
Moor

C 228 )

Moor Game.
Moufe.
Mullet.
Mufcle.

-filh.

Needle-
Newt. ^
Nightingale.
Nutcracker.
Nuthatch.

Oifter.

Old wife.

Orange-tip.

Ofprey.

Otter.

Ouzel.

Owl.

Ox. -

— 44

— 5
81

202

— 66
60

— • 53

— 17
»9

" 200

75

130

12

3

- 48. 49

14

= 7

Polecat.

Porpefs.

Ptarmigan.

Puffin.

Purple-

Purre.

Piper.

fainted Lady.

Pap-fhell.

Partridge.

Pearch.

Pearl. --

Periwincle.

Pettychaps.

Pheafant.

Picked Dog.

Piddock.

Pigeon.

Pike. —

Pilchard.

Pinguin.

Pink. —

Pkife. —

Poor. —

Plover.

— 40

132
207

44
76

75
204

53

43

63

196

45
81

82

27

83
74

70

39
73

-filh.

Quadrupeds.
Quail. •

Rabbit.

Rat.

Raven.

Raw Pollock. -—

Redbreall. —

Red Eye.

Red Game. ■

Redfhank. -^

Redftatt.

Redwing. ■■
Reed Sparrow. —

Reeve. — •

Reptiles.

Rib.

Ring Dove.

Roach. —

Rock-fifli.

Rockling.

Roller.

Rook.

Rough-hound.

Rofe Chaffer.

Roval William.

Rud.

Ruff.

5
9

4+
27

20 2

39

78

- I
44-

S

M

7»
55
84

■ 44

35

55
48

3^

59

70

■ 45

83

73

7»

17
16

- 6s
Sf

129

83

— — 76, 36

Salmon. —
Salmon-trout.

79

- 79

S2(nd

( 229 )

Sand Eel.
Sanderling.
Sandpiper.
Scad. —
Scallop.
Scate. —

Sea Adder. —
Sea Bream. —

Sea Calf.

Sea Crow.

Sea Cyprefs. —
Sea Devil. —
Sea Ear. -.

Sea Egg.

Sea Fan.

Sea Fig.

Sea Fir.

Sea Flea.

Sea Gudgeon. ■

Sea Hair.

Sea Hedgehog.

Seal. .

Sea Lark.

Sea Loach. • —

Sea Louie.

Sea Lungs. —

Sea Mall.

Sea Moufe. —
Sea Nettle. —

Sea Owl.

Sea Pie. •

Sea Purfc.

S«a Sleeve. —
Sea Snail. 65,
Sea Spleenwort. —
Sea Spider, ■

Sea Swallow.

Sea Tamarifk. —
§t-a Willow.

- 68

- 40

- 37

77

200

62

- 66

- 7S

- 2

- 3«

- 213

- 64
207
195
209
210

2'3

186

- 73

- 213

- »9

72. 39

- 71

- 187

- '94

- 31

- 192

- 194

- ^S

- 40

- 210

194

203
217
18;

32
213

209

Sea Wolf.

206,

Sea Wood-loufe. —

Sea Serpents.

Serpents. ■■

Shad.

Shag. — — —

Shark. 63, 64

Shear-water. 28

Sheep. — — y

Sheldrake. 21. 2

Shelley

68

187

82

28

Shoveller.
Shrew-moufe.

Shrimp.

Skua.

Smelt. — —

Smew.

Snail.

Silkin.
Snake.
Snipe.

Soal.

Sol and Goofe.

Sparrow.

Spiders,

Sponge.

Sprat,

Squirrel. —

Squirrel's tail.

Stag.

Star fifli. —

Stare.

Starliflff.
Stickleb*ick.

Stint.

S:oat. -—

S;oc!;-Dcve.
Stone Ciiatrer.
Stormfinch.

00

22

4

32

80

26

192

SI

60

34
74
28

52

'83
210

82

6

214

6

195

47

■ 47

76

39

3

45

55

Sturgeon

( ajo )

Stargeon. —

Sunfifh. —
Surmullet.
Swallow. —
Swan.

•Tape-worm.
Tarrock.

Teal.

Tench. —
Tern.
Tewit. —
Thorn-back.
Throftle. -

Tick.

Titmoufe.

Toad.

Tope.
Top-ihell.
Trout.
Tubfifh. —
Tunny-fifh.
Turbot. —
Turnllone.
Turtle Dove.
Twite.

Venus Bugle.
Venus Fan.
Viper.
Umber.

Wagal.
Wa fp.

64

65

11

57
21

220

30
25
83
32
36
62
48
182
56

59
63

203

79
78
11
75
37
45
52

203

209

60

80

Water-flea.
Water-hen.
Water Ouzel.
Water Rail.
Watcrwagtail.
Wheat-Ear. -

Weaver.

Weefel.

Welk.

Whale.
Wimbrel.
Whinchat.
Whiltle-fiih.
White Cap.
White Game
White Horfe.
White Nun.
White-throat.
Whiting.

— 42»

Whiting Pollack. —
Whiting- pout. — —
Wigeon. 1

Wood Chat. — —

Woodcock.

Woodcracker.

Wood-loufe. — —
Woodpecker. <
Worms. — '■
WrafTe.

Wrvneck.

31 yellowhammer.
i63

99

4»

47
42

54

54
69

3
203

8

34

54

71

52

44
62

26

54
70

71

70

23
15
34
>9

187
18

189

75

55
18

50-

DERI-

DERIVATIONS,

ABDOMiNALEs. From Abdomen, the Belly. The
4th Order of Clafs IV. Fifhes whofe belly-fins
are behind the pectoral. Page 78.

AcciPiTREs. From Accipiter, a Hawk. Birds of
the Hawk kind. The ill Order in Clafs IJ. Page
10.

Amphibia. Clafs III. Page 59. The Englifh word
Amphibious is too generally underllcod to require
explanation.

Apodes. From a priv. and tov;, pes, a foot. The
ift Order of Clafs IV. Containing thofe Fifhes
which have no belly-fins, which Linnasus confiders
as feet. Page 67.

Aptera. From a priv. and TTeooc, ala, a wing. The
7th Order of Clafs V. Without V/ings. Page
180.

Bellu^. From Bellua, a bead. The 6ch Order
of Clafs I. Page 7.

Cete. From K»t©-, Cetus^ a Whale. The 7th
Order in Clafs I. Page 8.

DiPTERA. From -T/T/ 6©", ^//^/(TAT, double, and tt€-
• for, ala, a wing. The 6th Oider of Clafs V.

Containing thofe infedls which have two wings.

Page 170.

Fer^-. From Tera, a wild beall. The 3d Order of
Clafs I. Page 2.

Galling. From Gallina, a. Hen. The 5th Order
of Clafs II. Page 42.

Glires. From G/is, a Dormoufe. The 4th Order
of Clafs I. Page 4.

2 Grall^e.

( 232 )

Grall^E. GralliS, ftilts. Having very long Legs.
The 4th Order of Clafs II. Page 33.

Hemiptera. From ti/j-Krvf, dimidius, half, and
frmoi'i ala, a wing. The zd Order of Clafs V*
Page 1 14.

Hymenoptera. From t//u«f, memhrana, a mem-
brane, TT'fof, aluy a wing. The 5th Order of
Clafs V. Page 161.

JuGULAREs. From Jugulum, the Neck. The 2d
Order of Clafs IV. containing thofe Fifhes whofe
lower fins are in the neck, before the pedoral.
Page 6g.

Lepidoptera. From Kn'sUt a fcale or thin plate>
and TTj?cf, aluy a wing. The 3d Order of CJafs V.
Page 128.

LiTHOPHYTA. From AlO©-, lafut a ftone, and 91/-
(tk;^ nature, fubftance. The 4th Order of Clafs VI.
Page 208.

Mammalia. From Mamma, a Pap, Breaft or Dug.
The I ft Clafs of the Animal Kingdom, compre-
hending thofe which fuckle their young. Page i.

MoLtuscA. Mollufca, a fipecies of nut with a foft
fhell. The 2d Order of Clafs VI. Page 192.

Neuroptera. From ysu^or, nert'tu, a nerve, and
TTSfoc, ala, a wing. The 4th Order of Clafs V.
Page 156.

Passer Es. From Pajfer, a Sparrow. Order th€ 6th
of Clafs II. Page 45.

Pecora, From Pectis, a flock of fheep, &c. The
5th Order of Clafs 1. Page 6.

Pic^. From Pica, a Magpie. T-he 2d Order in
Clafs II. Page 16.

PRIMATEJ.

( 233 )

Primates. From PrimaSf firft in rank, moft con-
fiderable. The ill Order in Clafs I. Page i.

Testacea. From Tejla a fhell. The 3d Order of
Clafs VI. Page 195.

Thoracici. From Thorax, the Breaft, or that part
of the body which contains the heart and lungs.
The 3d Order of Clafs IV. Containing thofe Fifhes
whofe ventral or belly fins are placed immediately
under the peroral fins. Page 72.

Vermes. From Vermis, a Worm. Clafs VI. Page
189.

ZooPHYTA. From Z^ov, an animal, and 'tvr/f, na-
ture, ftrudure, &c. The 5th Order of Clafs V.
Page 209.

End of Vo l. L

ERRATA.

Page 10 line 4. for Accipetres, read Accipitres
16 dele Frugilegus N". 3.
igz for Mollufea, read Mollufca

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t

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r'i

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