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SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY, j
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OF
WITH
AN ATLAS.
BY J. E. WORCESTER.
^BOSTON:
HILLIARD, GRAY, LITTLE, AND WILKINS,
AND
CROCKER AND BREWSTER.
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OUTLINES
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SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY,
WITH
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AN AT|.ASri.iir
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BY
J.
E. WORCESTER.
BOSTON:
HILLIARD, GRAY; LITTLE, AND WILKINS,
AND
CROCKER AND BREWSTER.
1831.
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DteTklCrrUF r»iAS6AOHUSETTt3, ^ wi«.—
District Cleric's Office
Be it remembered, That on the twenty-third day of April, A, D. 1828,
in the fifty-third year of the Independence of tlie United States of Amer-
ica, J. E. Worcester, of the said district, has deposited in this office the
title of a book, the right wliercof he claiujs as author, in the words fol-
lowing, to wit : —
" Outlines of Scripture Geography, with an Atlas. By J. E. Worces-
ter."
In conformity to the act of the congress of the United States, entitled
"An Act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of
maps, charts and books to the authors and proprietors of such copies
during the times therein mentioned ;," and also to an act, entitled "An
Act supplementary to an act, entitled ' An Act for the encouragement of
learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts and hooks to the authors
and proprietors of such copies during the times therein mentioned ;' and
extending the benefits thereof to the arts of designing, engraving, and
etching historical and other prints."
JNO. W. DAVIS,
Cleric of tlie District of Massachusetts.
STEREOTYPED AT THE
BOSTON TYPE AND STEREOTYPE FOUNDRY.
PREFACE.
The author of this little treatise on Scripture Geography
has prepared it under the impression that a work of the kind
was wanted, and, if well executed, would be useful. He is
not acquainted with any treatise on the subject, that is at
once concise, comprehensive, and well adapted to elementary
instruction.
Some knowledge of the countries and places, in which the
memorable transactions recorded in the Bible took place, can-
not but be regarded as important ; as it affords assistance in un-
derstanding the Scriptures, and in enabling one to read them
with satisfaction and advantage ; and the facts recorded are
more firmly impressed on the mind by connecting them with
the places where they occurred : yet this is a branch of learn-
ing which has been much neglected ; and nothing is more
common than to meet with well educated persons, who have
little acquaintance with the subject.
As it is not the design of the Scriptures to instruct us in
geography, matters of this sort are mentioned only inciden-
tally ; it therefore happens, on account of the remoteness of
the time, and the want of other sources of information equally
ancient, that there are many points relating to the geography
of the Bible, which are attended with great uncertainty. It
has been the design of the author of this treatise to follow the
best guides, and to notice such matters as are most important ;
but he has avoided all discussion of doubtful topics.
The Outlines, and the accompanying Atlas, are designed
to be used throughout in connection. The plan on which
the work has been formed will be found simple ; easy both
to the instructor and pupil ; and well adapted, it is hoped, to
elementary instruction in schools and families.
The subject is treated, in a great measure, chronologically ;
the circumstances by which many of the places have been
rendered memorable are briefly mentioned ; and the nature
of the work will render it useful in facilitating the study of
Sacred History.
4 CONTENTS.
The Atlas, small as it is, will be found of great use in illus-
trating the subject. The different maps which have been
published by different authors, for the illustration of the ge-
ography of the Scriptures, differ from each other in many
particulars. The last five maps in this Atlas have been
formed substantially from maps contained in Palmer's Bible
Atlas.
*^* The pronunciation of the Scripture proper names is
given according to Walker.
CONTENTS,
Chap. I. — Geography of the Early Ages ; with Explana-
tory Remarks 5
CaAP. II. — The Region between Egypt and Canaan :
journeyings of the Israelites 14
Chap. III. — The Canaanites and neighboring Nations . . 20
Chap. IV. — Canaan divided among the Tribes of Israel:
Places of Note in the History of the Old Testament . . 24
Chap. V. — Physical Geography of the Holy Land, or a
Description of the Country 29
Chap. VI. — Palestine in the Time of the New Testament
History. Judea ; Jerusalem and its Environs 34
Chap. VII. — Samaria : Galilee : Peraea 38
Chap. VIII. — Countries in which the Gospel was preach-
ed by the Apostles 43
Chap. IX. — Labors and Travels of St. Paul and the other
Apostles 46
Table, exhibiting the Places where, and the Times
when, the Books of the New Testament were written . 53
SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY.
CHAPTER I.
Geography of the Early Ages ; with Explanatory
Remarks.
1. Scripture or Sacred Geography is that part
of Ancient Geography, which treats of the countries
and places that are mentioned in the Bible.
2. The knowledge of geography possessed by
the ancients, including the Greeks and Romans, as
well as the Is'raelites, was hmited chiefly to the
south-western part of Asia, the northern part of
Africa, and the middle and south of Europe ; and
it embraced much less than half of the globe.
3. The historical parts of the Scriptures relate
almost wholly to the Is'ra-el-ites, and to nations
whose history was, in some way, connected with
that of the Israelites.
4. No one of the four quarters of the world,
as they are now understood, is mentioned in the
Bible.
CHAPTER I.— questions.
1. What is Scripture or Sacred Geography?
2. To what was the knowledge of geography possess-
ed by the ancients, limited ?
3. To what people do*the historical parts of the Scrip-
tures relate ?
4. Is either of the four quarters of the globe mentioned
in the Bible ?
1*
0 SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY.
5. The term A'sia, as used in the New Testa-
ment, sometimes denotes a small district round the
city of E])h^e-sus, and sometimes the proconsular
province of Asia, which comprised Mys'i-a,
Phryg'i-a, Lyd'i-a, and Ca'ri-a ; but never more
than Asia Minor.
6. No one of the five great oceans of modern
geography, is mentioned in the Scriptures.
7. The Med-i-ter-ra' ne-an Sea is called in the
Bible the Great Sea; and most of the countries
mentioned in the Scriptures either bordered upon
it, or were situated not far distant ; some of the
most remote were Chal-de'a, Per'sia, and Me'di-a.
8. The other seas, which are much spoken of, are
the Red Sea, the Sea of Sodom or Dead Sea, and
the.iSeft of GaVi-lee ; the two last of which are com-
paratively small.
9. The three great rivers, which are found with- '
in the limits of that portion of the globe which is
embraced by Scripture Geography, are the Kile
in Africa, and the Eu-phra'tes and Ti'gris in
Asia.
10. The Euphra''tes is sometimes styled, in the
Bible, the Eu-phra'tes, and sometimes simply The
■ River.
1 1 . The Tigris is commonly supposed to be tlie
same as the Hid'de-kel, mentioned in Genesis.
5. What does the term Asia denote in the New
Testament ?
6. Is either of the five great oceans mentioned in the
Scriptures ?
7. What is said of the Mediterranean Sea ?
8. What other seas are spoken of?
9. What rivers are fi:und within the limits of Scrip-
ture Geography ?
10. What is the Euphrates styled ? 11. The Tigris ?
SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY. 7
12. The Nile is sometimes called the Si'hor,
sometimes the River of Egypt, and sometimes
simply The River.
13. Scripture Geography has scarcely any con-
nection with Eu'rope, except as it respects the il-
lustration of the travels of St. Paul.
14. Most of the places mentioned in the book
of Genesis, before the migration of the Israelites
into Egypt, were situated in the south-western part
of Asia.
15. From that time, Egypt, and the country lying
between it and the land of Canaan, were the scenes
of most of the transactions recorded by Moses.
16. The Land of Ca'naan then became the
scene of most of the events contained in the history
of both the Old Testament and the New ; and this
country included more than half of all the places
mentioned in the Bible.
17. Almost all the countries and places which
are mentioned in ancient history, have been known
by different names in different ages ; and the great-
er part of those which are spoken of in the Old
Testament, had assumed new names before the
New Testament was written.
12. What is the Nile styled ?
13. What connection has Scripture Geography with
Europe ?
14. Where were most of the places mentioned in the
book of Genesis, before the migration of Jacob and his
family, situated ?
15. What were the scenes of the subsequent events
recorded by Moses ?
16. What country afterwards became the scene of
most of the events recorded in the Bible ?
17. What is said respecting the changes which have
taken place with regard to geographical names .'' »
8 SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY.
18. With respect to the situation of a numbei
of places rendered memorable by transactions re-
corded in the Old Testament, there is great un-
certainty ; and men of learning differ much in
their opinion respecting them.
19. Various opinions have been entertained by
learned men respecting the situation of the Garden
of Eden; and many have supposed the account of
it is not to be understood literally, but allegorically
or figuratively.
20. The most common supposition, of those who
have undertaken to assign it a particular place, is,
that it was situated near the confluence of the
Eu-phra'tes and Ti'gris^ or near the sources of
these rivers.
21. Respecting the situation of O'phir, the
country from which Solomon obtained gold, there
has been much learned inquiry, and various opin-
ions have been maintained ; but it is commonly
supposed to have been situated on the eastern side
of Africa, or in the East Indies.
22. The situation of Tar'shisJi, or Thar'shish,
has furnished another topic of learned discussion,
and has given rise to a great variety of opinions.
Some of the suppositions respecting it are, that it
was the same as Tarsus in Cilicia, Car'thage and
Tunis in Africa, and Tar-tes'sus in Spain ; and
also that it means the sea or ocean in general.
18. What is said respecting the situation of some
memorable places ?
19. What is remarked respecting the Garden of
Eden?
20. What is a common supposition respecting its
situation ?
21. What is said respecting the situation of Ophir?
22. What is remarked of Tarshish or Tharshish ?
SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY. 9
23. It has also been supposed that there were
two places or countries so called, one in the Medi-
terranean, and the other on the east side of Africa,
or in the East Indies.
24. The ark of Noah, after the waters of the flood
began to diminish, is said, in Genesis, to have
'rested upon the mountains of Ar^a-7'atJ
25. A mountain in Ar-me^ni-a, now known by
the name of Ar'a-rat, is supposed by many to be
the mountain on which the ark rested ; but some
suppose it was a summit of the chain of Caii^ casus,
between the Black and Caspian seas; others, a
summit of Taurus, in the eastern part of Asia Mi-
nor ; and others, that it was a mountain near the
sources of the river Indus.
26. The three sons of Noah, by whom the world
was peopled after the flood, were Shem, Ham, and
Japheth,
27. The residence of Noah and his posterity,
till after the dispersion at Barbel, is supposed to
have been in the country watered by the Eu-phra'-
tes and the Ti'gris.
28. The tower of Ba'hel was erected on the
Euphrates, on or near the site where the city of
Bah'y-lon was afterwards built.
23. What other supposition has been made ?
24. Where is the ark of Noah said to have rested ?
25. What is supposed to have been the mountain on
which the ark rested ?
26. Who were the three sons of Noah, by whom the
world was peopled after the flood ?
27. Where is the residence of Noah and his family
supposed to have been ?
28. Where was the tower of Babel erected ?
10 SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY.
29. From this point the human race were dis-
persed over different parts of the earth.
30. This position, which may be regarded as
the second cradle of the human race, is nearly-
central, as it respects the residence of the most
ancient nations of which we have any knowledge,
namely, the Bab-y-lo'ni-ans or Chal-de'ans,As-syr'-
ians, Per'sians, Hin-doos', He'brews, Ca'naan-ites,
Ph(B-ni'cians, and E-gyp'tians.
31. The posterity of Shem is supposed to have
peopled the greater part of Asia ; that of JapJiethy
Europe and Asia Minor ; and that of Ham, Afri-
ca, and part of the south-west portion of Asia,
32. Of the sons of Shem, Ar-phax'ad is sup-
posed to have resided in the country near the Eu-
phra'tes ; Ash'er, to have been the founder of JYin'-
e-veh and the empire of As-syr'i-a ; E'lam, to have
given name to the country oiElam, afterwards Per'-
sia ; and A' ram, to the country of A' ram or Syr'i-a»
33. Of the sons of Ham, Miz'ra-im was the
reputed founder of the kingdom of Egypt, some-
times called in the Bible the Land of Miz'ra-im
and the Land of Ham ; Cush, the father of the
E-thi-o'pi-ans ; and Ca'naan, the father of the
Ca'naan-ites.
34. The foundation of Bab'y-lon is ascribed to
JVim'rod, the son of Cush.
29. What here took place ?
30. What is said of this position, with relation to the
most ancient nations ?
31. What parts of the globe are the three sons of Noah
supposed to have peopled ?
32. What is mentioned respecting several sons of
Shem?
33. What of the sons of Ham ?
34. To whom is the foundation of Babylon ascribed ?
SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY. 11
35. Ja'van, one of the sons of Ja'pheth, is com-
monly supposed to have been the father of the
Greeks.
36. The Greeks themselves maintained that
Jajp'e-tiis, whose name has a near resemblance to
that of Japheth, was the father of their nation, and
of all mankind.
37. A'bra-ham was a descendant of Ar-phax'ad,
the eldest son of Shem ; and he and his posterity
are supposed to have been called Hebrews, either
from Eber or Heber, the grandson of Arphax'ad,
and the ancestor of Abraham, or because they
came from beyond the river Euphra'tes into Ca'-
naan ; the word in the original signifying beyond,
or from the other side.
38. Abraham was born at Ur of the Chaldees,
which some suppose to have been situated not far
from Bab'ylon ; others believe it to have been on
the site of the modern town of Ourfa, north of
west from Nineveh ; and others place it much fur-
ther to the east.
39. Te'rah, the father of A'braham, was a wor-
shipper of idols, like his countrymen.
40. A'bra-ham, together with his father, his wife
Sarah, and his nephew Lot, left Ur, and took up
his abode, for a while, at Haran.
35. Who is supposed to have been the father of the
Greeks ?
36. Whom did the Greeks consider as the father of
their nation ?
37. From whom was Abraham descended, and why
were he and his posterity called Hebrews ?
38. Where was Abraham b"Tn ?
39. What is said of Terah V
40. Where did Abraham taUf* ~p Ms residence after
leavinsr Ur ?
12 SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY.
41. While at this place, he was called by God to
leave his country and his kindred, to go into the land
of Ca'naan, which was promised to his posterity.
42. Although he had much property in cattle
and servants, he did not acquire any permanent
possession in Canaan, but sojourned at several
different places.
43. Some time after his arrival in the country,
he was obliged, on account of a severe famine, to
retire, for a while, into Egypt.
44. On his return, he pitched his tent between
Beth' d and A'i.
45. As Abraham and his nephew Lot, who ac-
companied him to Ca'naan, possessed large flocks,
and therefore could not conveniently dwell together.
Lot retired to the plain of Sod'om, and Abraham
to the plain of JMam're, near He'hron.
46. Hebron and its vicinity became the more
common residence of the patriarch and his family ;
and in the cave of Mach-pe'lah, in the plain of :
Mamre, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, together with
their wives, were buried.
47. Abraham, however, did not, after this, reside
constantly at Hebron, but sojourned for a while at
Ge'rar, the city of Abimelech, in the country of
the Philistines, and also at Be-er'she-ha,^ where
Ish'ma-el w^as born.
41. What call did he receive while at this place ?
42. In what manner did he reside in Canaan ?
43. To what country did he retire for a time ?
44. Where did he pitch his tent on his return ?
45. What is mentioned respecting Abraham and Lotr
46. What is remarked of Hebron and its vicinity ?
47. At what other places did Abraham reside ?
*Be-er'she-ba,Tya//rer/ Beer'she-ba, Oliver, ^.wA Fulton and Knight;
Beer-sbe'ba; Perry.
SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY. 13
48. He'hroriy Ge'rar and Be-er'she-ba were also,
at different times, the residences of Isaac.
49. Jacob, after having resided about twenty
years with his father-in-law, La' ban, at Ha' ran,
returned with his family and flocks to Ca'naan.
50. At Ma-ha-na'im he was met by his brother
Esau, and also by an angel, and had his name
changed to Is'ra-el.
51. Having resided awhile at Suc'coth, on the
east side of the Jordan, he then crossed the river,
and took up his abode near She'chem.
52. He next journeyed to Beth' el, where he had
seen a vision before he went to Haran. Afterwards
he removed to He'bron ; and, finally, after Joseph
had revealed himself to his brethren, he migrated,
by way of Beersheba, vnxh. his whole family, into
Egypt.
48. At what places did Isaac reside ?
49. What is mentioned respecting* Jacob ?
50. What happened to him at Mahanaim ?
51. Where did he afterwards reside ?
52. What were his subsequent movements ?
Questions on the Map, exhibiting the Countries
MENTIONED IN THE OlD TESTAMENT. No. I.
1. How was Egypt or Mizraim situated ? 2. Pathros?
3. Cush or Ethiopia ? 4. Goshen ?
5. How was Arabia situated? 6. Midian? 7. Hav'ilah.^
Canaan ? 9. Amalek ? 10. Edom ? 11. Aram or
Syria ? 12. Mesopotamia ? 13. Padan-Aram ? 14. Ar-
menia ? 15. Assyria ? 16. Babylonia or Chaldea ?
17. Shinar ? 18. Elam or Persia? 19. Parthia? 20. Me-
shech ? 21. Magog ? 22. Ash'kenaz ? 23. Javan ?
24. What countries were watered by the Nile ?
25. What by the Euphrates and Tigris ? 26. The Ulai ?
27. How is Mount Sinai situated ? 28. Jt junt Ararat?
29. How was Babylon situated ? 30. Nineveh ?
31. Susa or Sh'ushan ? 32. Calneh ? 33. Car'chemish?
2 ■
14 SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY.
CHAPTER II.
The Region between Egypt and Canaan : Jour-^
neyings of the Israelites.
1. The country lying between Egypt and Ca'-
naan, and between the Red Sea and the Mediter-
ranean, consists mostly of extensive deserts, having
few streams of water ; and it now forms a part of
what is called A-ra'hi-a Pe-tr(B'a or Stony.
2. In this region the Israelites passed 40 years.
3. Their route from Egypt to Canaan is differ-
ently delineated on different m^aps. The positions
of most of the places of encampment, which are all
enumerated in the thirty-third chapter of Numbers,
are laid down on maps from no better authority >
than probable conjecture.
4. The Red Sea, of which onlv the northern ex-
tremities appear on the Map (No. II.), is about
1400 miles in length, and 200, where widest, in
breadth.
5. Esau was called Edom, which, in Hebrew,
signifies red, because he sold his birthright for a
34. Haran or Charran ? 35. Damascus? 36. Tadmor.'
37. Hamath ? 38. Tarshish ? 39. Ezion-geber ? 40. Noph
or Memphis ? 41. On .?
CHAPTER IL— questions.
1. What is said of the country lying between Egypt
and Canaan ?
2. How many years did the Israehtes pass here ?
3. What is mentioned respecting their route ?
4. What is the extent of the Red Sea ?
5. Why was it called the Red Sea ?
SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY. 15
mess of red pottage ; and, as his posterity inhabited
the country to the north of this sea, some suppose
it was called, after his name, the Red Sea. Others
suppose it was so called from its red sand ; others,
from coral ; and others, from its waters being
colored by small animalcules.
6. Mounts Si'nai and Ho'reb, celebrated in
Scripture history, belong to a range which is situ-
ated between the northern branches of the Red
Sea, in the midst of a gloomy desert, and contains
several lofty summits.
7. At Ho'reb God appeared to Moses in a burn-
ing bush, while he kept the flocks of his father-in-
law Je'thro ; and from Si'nai he received the
law.
8. The summit of Sinai has been estimated at
the height of 5,000 or 6,000 feet ; and it affords
an extensive prospect of the Red Sea and the ad-
jacent country.
9. On this summit there are now a Christian
church and a Mahometan mosque ; and near the
bottomx of the mountain a convent, from which to
the top steps are cut in the rock, or formed by
loose stones piled in succession.
10. The children of Israel sojourned in Egypt
215 years, reckoning from the time of the migra-
tion of Jacob and his family.
6. How are mounts Sinai and Horeb situated ?
7. What memorable events took place at these moun-
tains ?
8. What is said of the summit of Sinai ?
9. What are now found on the summit and near the
bottom ?
10. How long did the children of Israel sojourn in
Egypt ?
16 SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY.
11. During this period, they were reduced to
cruel bondage ; but, notwithstanding the oppression
which they endured, they increased so rapidly, that,
at the end of it, the number of men, exclusive of
women and children, amounted to 600,000.
12. After a variety of grievous plagues had
been inflicted upon Egypt, the Israelites were, at
length, dehvered from Egyptian bondage in a mi-
raculous manner, by Moses, who Jiad previously
resided 40 years in Midian.
13. Having passed over the western branch of
the Red Sea on dry ground, they commenced their
journey through the wilderness, in order to take
possession of the land of Ca'naan, which had been
promised to Abraham.
14. They passed through the sea at Ba-al-ze'-
j)hon, and encamped in the wilderness at Ma'raJi,
where the waters, which were bitter, were made
sweet.
15. Their next place of encampment was E'lim,
where there were twelve wells of water and sev-
enty palm-trees.
16. From Elim they proceeded to Reph'i-dimy
through the Wilderness or Desert of Sin, passing
by DopTi'ka and A'lush ; and in this wilderness
they began to be fed with manna, which was con-
tinued till they entered Canaan.
11. What is said respectin^^ their increase ?
12. By whom were they delivered from Egyptian
bondage ?
13. What is mentioned respecting the commencement
of their journey ?
14. Where did they pass through the sea, and where
did they encamp ?
15. What was their next place of encampment ?
16. What events next took place ?
SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY. 17
17. At a place called Mas'sah, or Mer'i-bali,
Moses procured water for the people by smiting a
rock in Horeh.
18. Not far distant, at a place called Je-ho'vah-
nis'si, the Am' a-lek-ites attacked the Israelites, but
were entirely defeated.
19. Near this place Moses received a visit from
Je'thro, his father-in-law, priest of Midian, who
brought to him his wife and children.
20. At Mount Sinai, the Law, containing the
Ten Commandments, was delivered to Moses.
21. After tlie memorable transactions at Sinai,
the Israelites proceeded to Tab'e-rah, Kib'roth—
Hat-ta'a-vah, and to Ha-ze'roih ; at the last of
which places Aa'ron and Mir'i-am were guilty of
sedition against Moses.
22. From Ha-ze'roth, they proceeded through
the Desert of Pa' ran, or Ka'desh, to Rith'mah, near
Ka'desh-Bar'ne-a.
23. From this place twelve men, one of each
tribe, were sent to search or spy out the land of
Ca'naan.
24. All tliese twelve men, except Josh'u-a and
Ca'leb, brought back an unfavorable report respect-
ing the country ; on account of which the Israelites
were disheartened, and resolved to return to Egypt.
17. What took place at Massah, or Meribah ?
18. At Jehovah-nissi ?
19. From whom did Moses receive a visit near this
place ?
20. What took place at Mount Sinai ?
21. To what places did they proceed after the trans-
actions at Sinai ?
22. To what place did they then proceed ?
23. What measure was adopted near Kadesh-Barnea ?
24. What report did these twelve men bring back
respecting the country ?
2*
18 SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY.
25. This conduct of the people so excited
against them the displeasure of God, that he de-
creed that all who were then twenty years old and
upwards, except Joshua and Caleb, should die in
the wilderness.
26. They made a long stay in Ka'desh ; and
here the rebellion of Ko'rah, Da'than, and A-hi'^
ram, took place.
27. On leaving the neighborhood of Ka'desh-
Bar'nea, they proceeded to Sha'pJier, hy Rim'mon-
Pa'rez, Lib'nah, Ris'sah, and Ke-heV a-thah.
28. From Sha'pher, they journeyed to Mo-se'-
roth, near the Red Sea, by Har'a-dah, Mak-he'-
loth, Ta'hath, Ta'rah, and Mith'cah.
29. From Mo-se'roth, they proceeded to E'zi-
on-ge'her, at the northern extremity of the eastern
branch of the Red Sea, by Ben'i-Ja'a-Jcan, Hor-
ha-gid'gad, Jot'ba-thah, and E-bro'nah.
30. From Ezion-geber, they journeyed to the
Wilderness of Zin, or Ka'desh (where Miriam
died), to a place named Mer'i-bah.
31. At this place, Moses obtained water by
smiting a rock ; but, on account of his offence here,
in " speaking unadvisedly," he was not permitted to
enter Canaan.
32. They next encamped at Mount Hor, and
on the top of this mountani, at a place called Mo^
se'ra, Aa'ron died, in the fortieth year after leaving
Egypt.
25. What was the consequence of thi^ conduct of the
people ?
26. What took place in Kadesh ?
27. To what place did they proceed from Kadesh ?
28. To what from Shapher ? 29. To what from Mose-
roth ? 30. To what from Ezion-geber ?
31. What took place at Meribah ? 32. At Mount Hor ?
SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY. 19
33. After departing from Mount Hor, many of
the people died by being bitten by fiery serpents.
34. Their next places of encampment were
Zal-mo'nali, Pu'non, O'both, I-je-ab'ar-nim, Di'-
hon—gad, and AVmon—Dib-la-tha'im.
35. Sihon, king of the Arn'o-rites, refusing to
permit the Israelites to pass through his dominions,
was totally defeated at Ja'haz.
36. Og, king of Bashan, was destroyed, with
his whole army, by the Israelites, at Ed're-i.
37. After these victories, the Israelites encamp-
ed on the Plains of Moab.
38. Bcdak, king of Moab, together with the
princes of Mid'i-an, sent to Ba'Iaam, a soothsayer
of the city of Pe'thor, on the Euphra'tes, to curse
the Israelites.
39. Moses divided the territories which belonged
to Sihon and Og between the tribes of Reu'ben
and Gad, and the half tribe of Ma-nas'seh,
40. Moses, having finished his instructions and
exhortations to his people, ascended the mountain
of JVe'bo and the summit of Pis'gah, took a view
of the promised land, and afterwards died.
41. The Israelites, under the command of Josh-
ua, the successor of Moses, then passed over the
33. What took place after leaving Mount Hor ?
34. What were their next places of encampment ?
35. What took place with respect to Sihon? 36. What
respecting Og ?
37. Where did the Israelites encamp after these
victories ?
38. What next took place ?
39. How did Moses dispose of the territories of Sihon
and Og ?
40. What is further related of Moses ?
41. What was next accomplished by the Israelites ?
20 SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY.
Jordan at Gil'gal, took the city of Jer'i-cho, con-
quered the nations of Ca'naan, and divided their
lands among their tribes.
CHAPTER III.
The Canaanites and neighboring JVations.
1. In the time of Moses and Joshua, the land of
Canaan was inhabited by seven nations, the de-
scendants of Canaan, namely, the Am'o-iites, Jeb'-
u-sites, Hit'tites, Per'iz-zites, Gir'ga-shites, Ca'-
naan-ites, and Hi'vites.
Questions on the Map of the Journeyings of the
Israelites fp.om Egypt to Canaan. No. II.
1. How are mounts Sinai and Horeb situated ?
2. What deserts or wildernesses are situated between
the northern branches of the Red Sea ? 3. What ones
further north ?
4. How was Baalzephon situated ? 5. Ezion-geber ?
6. Rephidim ? 7. Marah and Elira ? 8. Jehovah-nissi ?
9. Massah, or Meribah ? 10. Kadesh-Barnea? 11. Ris-
sah ? 12. Kadesh Meribah ? 13. Mount Hor ? 14. Mounts
Nebo and Pisgah ?
15. How was Edom situated ? 16. Moab ? 17. The
kingdom of Sihon ? 18. The kingdom of Og ? 19. The
Amalekites ?
20. What nations inhabited to the west of the Dead
Sea and the Jordan ?
CHAPTER 111.— questions.
1. By what seven nations was the land of Canaan in-
habited in the time of Moses and Joshua ?
SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY. 21
2. All these nations the Israelites were com-
manded to exterminate, on account of their great
wickedness.
3. The most powerful of these seven nations
were the Amorites, who had extended their conquests
to the east of the Jordan, where the kingdom of
Sihon was situated.
4. Besides these, there were, in Canaan, or on
its borders, six other nations, "with whom the Israel-
ites, at various times, maintained severe conflicts.
5. These six nations were the Phi-Ks' tines,
Mid'i-an-ites, Mo'ah-ites, Am'mon-ites, Am'a-leJc-
ites, and E'dom-ites.
6. The Phi-lis' tines are supposed to have been
descended from Miz'raim, the son of Ham, and to
have emigrated from Egypt.
7. They inhabited the south-west part of Canaan,
and were very formidable enemies to the Israelites;
but were subdued by David.
8. Their five chief cities were Ga'za, Ash'dod,
As'ca-lon, Gath, and Ek'ron.
9. Two different places are assigned as the
territory of the Mid'i-an-ites ; and some suppose
that the inhabitants of the two different countries
were of different origin.
10. The southern Mid' i-an-ites inhabited the
2. Why were the Israelites commanded to extermi-
nate these nations ?
3. Which of these seven nations vv^as the most pow-
erful ?
4. What is said respecting six other bordering nations ?
5. What were these six nations ?
6. What was the origin of the Philistines ?
7. What is further said of them ?
8. What were their chief cities ?
9. What is said of the Midianites ?
10. Where did the southern Midianites dwell ?
22 SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY.
country near the north-east point of the Red Sea; and
here Je'thro, tlie father-m-law of Moses, was priest.
11. They are supposed by some to have been
descended from Cush, the son of Ham.
12. The northern Midianites were descended
from JMidian, the fourth son of Abraham by Ketu'-
rah, and inhabited the country on the east of the
Dead Sea.
13. They were ahiiost wholly destroyed by
Joshua ; and afterwards, when they had again re-
covered their strength, they were nearly annihilated
by Gid'eon.
14. The JMoabites and Ammonites were the
descendants of Mo ah and Ammon, the sons of Lot,
and dwelt to the east of the Dead Sea and of the
Jordan.
15. They were repeatedly engaged in war with
the Israelites, and were conquered by David.
16. The chief city of Moab was Ar, or Rah'hath-
Mo'ah ; and of Ammon, Rob' hath— Am' mon.
17. The Am' a-lek~ites were the descendants of
Am'a-lek, the son of El'i-phaz, and grandson of
Esau.
18. They dwelt to the south of Canaan, and
were very formidable enemies to the Israelites.
11. From whom are they supposed to have been
descended?
12. What is said of the origin and residence of the
northern Midianites ?
13. By whom were they destroyed ?
14. What is said of the origin and residence of the
Moabites and Ammonites ?
15. By whom were they conquered ?
16. What were their chief cities ?
17. From whom were the Amalekites descended ?
18. Where did they dwell ?
SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY. 23
19. They were doomed to destruction, which
was commenced by Saul, and completed by David.
20. The E'dom-ites were the descendants of
Esau, who was also called Eclom.
21. They inhabited the country which was sit-
uated to the south-east of Canaan, and which was
called E'dom, and also I-du-me'a, and included the
mountains of Seir and Hor.
22. In the north-west part of Canaan, on the
borders of the tribe of Asher, were the Phoeni-
cian cities of Tyre and Sidon, which were very
ancient, and celebrated for commerce.
23. Sidon was founded by Sidon, the son of
Canaan ; and at Tyi-e reigned Hiram, who fur-
nished Solomon with many materials for the temple.
24. To the north-east of Ca'naan was Da-mas' cus,
once the capital of the kingdom of Syr'i-a, and one
of the most ancient cities in the world, celebrated
both in sacred and profane history.
25. Damascus gave name to the damascene or
damson plum, .the damask rose, and damask linens
and silks.
26. The Syi'ians were conquered by David, but
were afterwards repeatedly engaged in war with
tlie Israelites, particularly under their kings Ben'-
ha-dad, Haz'a-el, and Rezin.
19. By whom were they destroyed ?
20. From whom were the Edomites descended ?
21. Where did they reside ?
22. Where were Tyre and Sidon situated ? 23. What
is said of them ?
24. What is said of Damascus ?
25. To what has Damascus given name ?
26. What is related of the Syrians ?
24 SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY.
CHAPTER IV.
Canaan divided among the Tribes of Israel: Places
of JVote in the History of the Old Testament,
1. After the conquest of Canaan by the Israel-
ites, the country was divided among the Twelve
Tribes by lot.
2. The tribe of Levi, or the Levites, being
consecrated to the priesthood, received no inherit-
ance or portion of territory with the other tribes,
but were supported by tithes ; and for their resi-
dence there were assigned to them forty-eight cities,
which were dispersed throughout all the tribes.
3. The posterity of E'phra-im and Ma-nas'seh,
the two sons of Joseph, had portions assigned
them as distinct tribes, in consequence of Jacob's
having adopted them ; and these two are reckoned,
in the divisions, instead of Joseph and Levi.
4. The tribes of Reuben and Gad and half of
Manasseh, had their portion beyoyd, or on the
east side of, the Jordan ; and all the others on the
west side of the river.
5. The Tabernacle and Ark of the covenant
were first fixed at Gil' gal; but, before the death
of Joshua, they w^ere removed to Shi'loh, where
they remained till the time of Eh.
CHAPTER lY.— questions.
1. How was the land of Canaan divided ?
2. What is related respecting the tribe of Levi?
3. What respecting Ephraim and Manasseh ?
4. What tribes were situated to the east of the Jor-
dan ?
5. At what places were the Tabernacle and Ark of
the covenant first fixed?
SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY. 25'
6. The Ai'k was afterwards taken by the Philis-
tmes ; and, when restored, it was lodged succes-
sively at Kir'jath-je'a-rim, at JVoh^ in the house of
0-bed-e'dom, in the palace of David on mount Zi-
on, and finally in Solomon's Temple.
7. It was regarded with the greatest veneration,
and every place in w^hich it was fixed, was, on
^that account, esteemed particularly holy.
8. Joshua appointed six cities of refuge, three
on each side of the Jordan, as places of security
for the " slayer that killed any person unawares."
9. The three to the west of the Jordan were
He'hron in Judah, She'chem in Ephraim, and Ke'-
desh in Naphtali.
10. The three on the east side were Be'zer in
Reuben, Ra' moth-Gil' e-ad in Gad, and Go'lan in
Manasseh.
11. The country included within the limits of
the Twelve Tribes, is of small extent, not a third
part as large as the state of New^ York.
12. Dan was reputed the most northern city,
and Be-er'slie-ha the most southern ; hence the
proverbial phrase, to express the limits of the coun-
try, "From Dan to Beersheba."
13. During the reigns of David and Solomon, the
most flourishing period of the nation, the limits of the
6. At what other places was the Ark successively
lodged ?
7. How was it regarded ?
8. For what purpose did Joshua appoint six cities of
refuge ?
9. Which three were west of the Jordan? 10. Which
east ?
11. What is said of the extent of the country ?
12. What is mentioned respecting Dan and Beersheba?
13. What was the extent of the kingdom during the
reigns of David and Solomon ?
3
26 SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY.
kingdom were greatly enlarged, extending from
the border of Egypt and the north end of the Red \
Sea, on the south-west and south, to the river Eu~
phra'tes, on the north-east.
14. After the death of Solomon, ten tribes re-
volted from his son and successor, Rehobo'am ;
and two kingdoms were formed, namely, the king-
dom of Israel, consisting of the ten revolted tribes,
and the kingdom of Judah, composed of the tribes
of Judah and Benjamin.
15. The capital of the kingdom of Israel was
Sa-ma'ri-a, in the tribe of E'phra-im, which was
the most powerful of the Ten Tribes, and is some-
times used in the Bible for the whole kingdom.
16. This kingdom subsisted 254 years, at the
end of which period the Ten Tribes were carried
captive by Shal-man-e'ser, king of Assyria ; and
the country was afterwards inhabited by a mixed
population.
17. The kingdom of Judah had for its capital
the city of Jerusalem, and continued to be governed
by kings of the family of David, till the time of the
Babylonish captivity.
Towns ofJVote in the History of the Old Testament.
18. In Judah; He'bron, celebrated in the history
of the patriarchs, and the place where David
reigned seven years ; Beth'le-hem, where Da-
vid was born, and also our Savior ; A-did'lam and
14. What took place after the death of Solomon ?
15. What was the capital of the kingdom of Israel,
and which was the most powerful of the Ten Tribes ?
16. What is said of this kingdom ?
17. What is said of the kingdom of Judah ?
18. What towns in Judah are mentioned, and for
what celebrated ?
SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY. 27
En'ge-di, near which were caves, that afforded
a retreat to David; Te-ko'ah, the town of the
prophet Amos.
19. On the borders of Judah and Benjamin
was Jeru'salem, the residence of the kings of Judah,
the seat of the temple, and the religious capital of
the nation.
20. In Benjamin ; Gil' gal, where the Israelites
crossed the Jordan, and where the Ark of the cove-
nant was, for a time, deposited ; Jer'i-cko, famous
for its siege and capture by Joshua, and for pakn-
trees ; A'i, for its conquest by Joshua ; Beth' el,
for the vision of Jacob ; Gib'e-on, the capital
of the Gibeonites ; Gib'e-ah, the birthplace of
Saul.
21. In Simeon ; Be-er'she-ha, noted in the histo-
ry of the patriarchs, and for being the southernmost
town of Israel ; Gaza, in the country of the Phi-
listines, famous in the history of Samson.
22. In Dan; GatJi, a city of the Philistines, and
the birthplace of Gohah.
23. In Ejyhraim ; Samaria, the capital of the
kingdom of Israel ; She'chem, or Si'chem, (in the
New Testament, Sychar), noted in the history of
Jacob, also for the last exhortation of Joshua to the
Israelites, and for the tomb of Joseph ; Tim-nath-
se'raJi, for the tomb of Joshua ; Shi'loh, the place
of the Ark of the covenant from the time of
Joshua to the time of Eli ; Joppa, (on the borders
of Ephraim and Dan), the principal port of the
Israelites.
19. What is said of Jerusalem ?
20. What towns in Benjamin are mentioned, and for
what celebrated? 21. In Simeon? 22. In Dan?
23. In Ephraim ?
28 SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY.
24. In ManasseJi, west of Jordan ; Tir'zah,
famous for being for a time the seat of the kings of
Israel ; Me-gid'do, for the defeat and death of
Josiah ; Jez' re-el, for a palace of Ahab, and for
giving name to a large and fertile plain, called also
the plain of Es-dra' e-lon.
25. In Issachar ; Shu'nem, where Elisha re-
stored a child to life.
26. In Zehulon; Gath-he'pher, the native place
of the prophet Jonah.
27. On the west of Ash'er were the cities of
Tyre and Sidon, famous for commerce ; Zar'e-
phath, or Sa-rep'ta, for the miracles of Elijah.
28. In JSfaphtali ; Dan, noted as the northern-
most city of Israel, and for being one of the places
where Jeroboam set up his golden calves ; Bethel
being the other.
29. In Manas s eh beyond Jordan ; Ed're-i, fa-
mous for the defeat of Og, king of Bashan.
30. In Gad; Ra' moth— Gil' e-ad, memorable in
die wars of the Israelites ; Ma-ha-na'im,, for the
meeting of Jacob and Esau ; Suc'coth, as the resi-
dence of Jacob.
31. In Reuben; Hesh'hon, a city of note among
the Amorites, afterwards among the Israelites ;
Ja'haz, where Sihon was defeated.
24. What towns in Manasseh west of Jordan are
mentioned? 25. In Issachar ? 26. In Zebulon? 27. On
the west of Asher ? 28. In Naphtali ? 29. In Manas-
seh beyond Jordan .^ 30. In Gad.? 31. In Reuben .?
SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY. 29
CHAPTER V.
Physical Geography of the Holy Land, or a De-
scription of the Country,
1. This country was first called the Land of
Canaan, from Canaan, the son of Ham ; the Land
of Promise, or the Promised Land, from its being
promised by God to Abraham ; the Land of Israel,
from the Israelites ; Judea, from Judah, the princi-
pal of the twelve tribes ; Palestine, from the Phi-
listines, who inhabited the south-west part of it ; and
the Holy Land, from its being the scene of the
greater part of the transactions recorded in the
Bible, and particularly of the birth, life, miracles,
and sufferings of our Savior.
2. It is also repeatedly called in the Bible sim-
ply The Land. The names which have, in modern
times, been most commonly applied to it, are the
Holy Land and Palestine.
3. The Israelites esteemed this country as holy ;
and all other countries they regarded as profane,
the very dust of which would contaminate one of
their nation.
4. The face of the country is beautifully diver-
sified with mountains, hills, valleys, and plains.
CHAPTER Y.—questio7is.
1. By what different names has the Holy Land been
called ?
2. What names have been commonly applied to it in
modern times ?
3. How did the Israelites regard this and other
countries ?
4. What is said of the face of the country ?
3*
30 SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY.
5. The climate is excellent; the cold seldom
excessive ; the heat of summer is great, but miti-
gated by a periodical breeze.
6. Rain seldom falls here, except in the spring
and autumn ; but the deficiency is, in a measure,
supplied by abundant dews.
7. The Scriptures, in describing the fruitfulness
of this country, characterize it as "a land flowing
with milk and honey."
8. In modern times, many parts of it have a
desolate appearance, as the cultivation has gener-
ally been much neglected ; but where it has been
well attended to, it is highly productive.
9. " Under a wise and beneficent government,"
says a recent traveller, " the produce of the Holy
Land would exceed all calculation. Its perennial
harvest ; the salubrity of its air ; its limpid springs ;
its rivers, lakes, and matchless plains ; its hills and
vales ; all these, added to the serenity of its climate,
prove this land to be indeed a field which the Lord
hath blessed."
10. The Jor'dan, the celebrated river of Pales-
tine, and the only considerable one in the country,
is deep and rapid, but not wide. It rises near the
foot of Mount Hermon ; passes through lakes Me-
rom and Gennesareth ; and, after a southerly
course of about 150 miles, flows into the Dead Sea.
1 1 . Some of the other famous streams or rivulets of
Palestine are the Ar'non, Jah'bok, Be'sor, So'rek
and Ki'shon; also Ce'dron, or Kid'ron, noted for pas-
5. What is said of the climate ? 6. What respecting rain?
7. How do the Scriptures characterize this country ?
8. What is its state in modern times ?
9. What is said of it by a recent traveller ?
10. What account is given of the Jordan ?
11. What other famous streams are there ?
SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY. 31
sing by Jerusalem, and Be'lus, near Ptolema'is, from
the sand of which glass is said to have been first made.
12. The Dead Sea, called also the Sea of Sod-
om, the Salt Sea, and Lake As-phal-ti'tes, is
about 70 miles long, and from 10 to 18 broad.
13. It occupies the place where once stood the
five cities of the plain, namely, Sod' am, Go-mor'rah,
Ad'maJi, Ze-bo'im, and Zo'ar ; the first four of which
were destroyed by fire from heaven.
14. It is surrounded by majestic and dreary
mountains ; and its ^dcinity is barren and cheerless.
The water is clear, but uncommonly salt and bitter.
15. The Sea of Galilee, called also the lake of
Gen-nes' a-retli and the Sea of Tibe'rias, and, in the
Old Testament, the Sea of CMn'ne-reth, or Cin'-
ne-roth, is 17 miles long, and 6 broad.
16. This lake, which is celebrated in the gospel
history, is environed by lofty eminences, and has a
beautiful and picturesque appearance.
17. Our Savior passed much of his time, during
his ministry, in the vicinity of this lake, and it was
here that several of his disciples were employed,
in the early part of their lives, as fishermen.
18. Mount Leb'a-non, called by the Greeks
and Latins Lib'a-nus, is a famous range of moun-
tains on the north of Palestine. Its summits are
almost always covered with snow.
" 12. What is the extent of the Dead Sea?
13. What place does it occupy ?
14. What is further said of it ?
15. What are the length and breadth of the Sea of
Galilee ?
16. What is said of it ?
17. What is mentioned respecting our Savior and his
disciples in connection with this lake ?
18. What is said of Mount Lebanon ?
32 SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY.
19. Lebanon is celebrated in Hebrew poetry,
particularly for its magnificent cedars, some speci-
mens of which still remain.
20. To the east of Lebanon is Anti-Lebanon ;
and to the south-east is Mount Hermon, the sum-
mit of which is usually covered with snow.
21. Mount Carmel, on the coast of the Mediter-
ranean, was the retreat of the prophet Elijah, and
has, in later times, been noted for monks, called
Carmelites.
22. Mount Tabor, a conical mountain, to the
south-west of the sea of Galilee, is commonly sup-
posed to have been the scene of our Savior's
transfiguration.
23. The Mountains of Ephraim, or Israel, were
situated in the central part of Palestine. An ele-
vated summit of this range, situated not far from
Jericho, and now called Quar-an-ta'ri-a, is sup-
posed to have been the scene of the temptation.
24. North of Shechem Vv'as Mount E'bal ; and
to the south. Mount Ger'i-zini, famous for the
temple of the Samaritans.
25. Mount Gil'bo-a, south of the sea of Galilee,
is noted for the death of Saul and Jonathan.
26. The Mountains of Gilead, to the east of
the Jordan, were famous for producing balm, or
balsam, the dried juice of a tree, v\^hich was much
used by the ancients as a medicine.
19. For what is Lebanon celebrated in Hebrew
poetry ?
20. What mountains lie east and south-east of Leba-
non ?
21. What is said of Mount Carmel ? 22. Mount
Tabor ? 23. The mountains of Ephraim ? 24. Ebal
and Gerizim ? 25. Mount Gilboa ? 26. Gilead ?
SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY. 33
27. To the north-east of Gilead was Ba'shan,
famous for stately oaks, and for numerous herds
of cattle.
28. To the south were the mountains of Ab'a-
rim, from the summits of which, JVe'bo and Pis'gah,
Moses had a view of the Promised Land.
29. To the south of Palestine is the mountain-
ous range called Seir, with its summit, Mount Hor,
on which Aaron died.
30. The country of Palestine, being mountainous
and rocky, abounds in caves, w^hich anciently afford-
ed a refuge to the inhabitants.
31. David made the cave of A-duVlam a place
of retreat ; and in the cave of En'ge-di, he con-
cealed himself, together with 600 men.
32. In a cave not far from Samaria, Obadi'ah
hid a hundred prophets ; and the cave of Mach-pe'-
lah, near Hebron, is celebrated as the burying-place
of Abraham and his family.
33. Frequent mention is made in the Bible of
wildernesses or deserts. Some of these, which
belonged to Palestine, were barren, sandy plains ;
others were mountainous, and covered with trees
or pasture.
34. The most celebrated desert in Palestine
was the Desert, or Wilderness of Judea, situated
to the west of the Dead Sea, where John the
Baptist preached.
27. What is said of Bashan? 28. Abarim? 29.
Mount Seir ?
30. What is remarked respecting caves ?
31. What is said of the caves of Adullam and Engedi ?
32. What other caves are mentioned ?
33. What is mentioned respecting wildernesses ?
34. What was the most celebrated desert or wilder-
ness of Palestine ?
34 SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY.
CHAPTER VI.
Palestine in the Time of the JYew Testament History .
Judea. Jerusalem and its Environs.
1. In the time of the gospel history, the whole
of Palestine was subject to the Romans, and was
divided into four parts ; namely, Ju~de'a, Sa-7na'ri-a,
Gal'i-lee^ andPe-r^^'a, or the country beyond Jordan. ,
2. Our Savior was born at Bethlehem in Judea,
but his place of residence, before entering on his
public ministry, was JS'azareth in Galilee ; hence
he w^as sometimes called a Nazarene, and some-
times a Galilean.
Qiiestio7is on the Map of Judah and Isr.ael. No III.
I. How were the Amalekites situated with reg-ard to
Judah and Israel ? 2. How Damascus ? 3. How was
Ammon situated ? 4. Moab ? 5. Midian ?
6. Which two tribes were situated farthest south?
7. Which three farthest north ? 8. Which on the
Mediterranean or Great Sea ? 9. Which on the Dead
Sea? 10. Which on the east of the Jordan?
II. How was Judah situated? 12. Simeon ? 13. Ma-
nasseh? 14. Asher ? 15. Reuben? 16. Dan? 17. Gad ?
18. Issachar? 19. Naphtah ? 20. Benjamin ? 21. Zeb-
ulon ? 22. Ephraim ?
23. What towns are found in the tribe of Judah ?
24. In Benjamin ? 25. In Simeon ? 2(>. In Dan ?
27. In Ephraim ? 28. In Manasseh ? 29. In Issachar ?
30. In Zebulon? 31. In Asher? 32. In Naphtali?
33. In Manasseh beyond Jordan ? 34. In Gad ? 35. In
Reuben ?
CHAPTER Yl.— questions.
1. What is said of the condition and divisions of
Palestine, in the time of the gospel history ?
2. Where was our Savior born, and where was his
residence ?
SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY. 35
3. His journeyings, during his ministry, were
limited to Palestine. The two principal centres
of his labors were Jerusalem and its vicinity, and
the neighborhood of the Sea of Galilee.
4. JuDEA comprised the territories which for-
merly belonged to the tribes of Judah, Benjamin,
Simeon, and Dan, and was distinguished particular-
ly for containing the city of Jerusalem.
5. Jerusalem was styled by the Israelites the
Holy City and the City of God, and was regarded
as, in a pecuhar sense, the dwelling-place of the
Most High, as it contained the Temple, and was
the centre of the Jewish worship.
6. It was built on four hills, Zi'on, Mo-ri'ah,
A' era, and Be-ze'ta, which were almost surrounded
by valleys, encompassed by mountains.
7. Two small streams, branches of the brook
Kid'ron or Ce'dron, flowed through the valleys,
one on the east, and the other on the south of
the city.
8. Mount Zion, which was the most elevated
of the hills, and on which the city of David was
built, and also tlie palace of David, was the most
southerly.
9. Mount Moriah, on which the Temple was
erected, was to the east ; and to the north were
two other hills, less elevated.
3. To what were his journeyings limited, and what
were the principal centres of his labors ?
4. What did Judea comprise ?
,5. What is said of Jerusalem ? 6. What of its situation ?
7. What streams flowed through the valleys ?
8. What is said of Mount Zion ? 9. What of Mount
Moriah ?
36 SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY.
10. After the building of the Temple, all the
adult males of Israel were required to go to Jeru-
salem, three times a year, to keep the three great
amiual festivals ; namely, the Passover, the Pente-
cost, and the Feast of Tabernacles.
11. The first Temple was built by Solomon,
and was an extensive and magnificent edifice,
adorned with very costly ornaments of gold, and
encompassed by spacious courts.
12. In the innermost part of the Temple was
the Sanctuary, including the Holy of Holies, so
called because it contained the Ark of the covenant.
13. Into this most holy place none but the high
priest was permitted to enter ; and he only once a
year, on the great day of atonement.
14. The second Temple, which was built by
Ze-rub'ba-hel, after the return of the Jews from
the Babylonish captivity, was much inferior to that
of Solomon.
15. Herod began to repair or rebuild the Tem-
ple 16 years before the birth of Christ, and ren-
dered it extremely magnificent.
16. Near the Temple was the pool of JBe-thes'-
da ; and on the north-west was the castle or fortress
of An~to'ni-a, in which a Roman legion was quar-
tered.
. 10. At what three festivals were all the adult males
required to be at Jerusalem ?
11. What is said of the first Temple?
12. What was there in the innermost part of it ?
13. Who was permitted to enter into the Holy of
Holies ?
14. By whom was the second Temple built ?
15. When did Herod begin to repair or rebuild the
Temple ?
16. Where were the pool of Bethesda and the castle
of Antonia .^
• SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY. 37
17. On the west side of the city, and just without
the walls, was Mount Calvary, where our Lord was
crucified.
18. To the south of the city was Ge-hen'na or
the T^alley of Hinnom, where the Israelites sacri-
ficed their children to the image of Mo'loch.
19. Li the J^alley of Je-hos'a-phat, to the east
of the city, were the fountain or pool of Sil'o-am
or Sil'o-ah, and also the Garden of Geth-sem' a-ne,
where our Savior was betrayed.
20. To the east of the valley of Jehosaphat was
the Mount of Olives or Mount Ol'i-vet, so eleva-
ted as to afford a fine view of the city and temple.
21. The modern city of Jerusalem is built
chiefly on Mount Moriah, and is much visited by
pilgrims.
22. To the east of Jerusalem was Beth' pha-ge ;
and still farther, Beth' a-ny, famous for the resi-
dence of Mary and Martha, for the raising of
Laz'a-rus, and for the ascension of our Savior.
23. Beth'le-hem is memorable as the birthplace
of our Savior ; Em'ma-us, for his conversation
with two of his disciples after his resurrection.
24. Jer'i-cho, famous in the history of the Old
Testament, is frequently mentioned in the New,
and was the residence of Zac-che'us.
25. Ar-i-ma-the'a is noted as the town of Joseph,
who begged of Pilate the body of Jesus ; Lyd'da.
for the cure of E'neas by Peter.
17. Where was Mount Calvary ?
18. Where was Gehenna or the Valley of Hinnora ?
19. The pool of Siloam and the garden of Gethsemane .''
20. The Mount of Olives ?
21. What is said of the modern city ? 22. Bethphage
and Bethany ? 23= Bethlehem and Emmaus ? 24. Jeri-
eho ? 25. Arimathea and Lydda ?
4
38 SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY.
CHAPTER VII.
Samaria : Galilee : Percea.
1. The country or province of Samaria derived
its name from the city of Samaria, which was the
capital of the kingdom of Israel ; and it com.prised
the territory which belonged to the tribe oi Ephraim
and half of Manasseh.
2. After the captivity of the Ten Tribes by
Shalmane'ser, this country was repeopled by colo-
nists from Assyria, and such Israelites as remained
or afterwards returned ; and this mixed race of
people were called Sa-mar'i-tans.
3. They adopted the Laiv of Jlloses, and re-
garded the Pentateuch as a book of divine author-
ity ; but rejected the rest of the Old Testament.
4. They built a temple on Mount Ger'i-zim,
where they celebrated their worship, instead of
going to Jerusalem.
5. The greatest aversion existed between the
Jews and Samaritans ; and the two nations had no
friendly intercourse with each other.
6. Our Savior spent but little time, during his
ministry, in Samaria ; though he repeatedly pass-
ed through the country, in journeying from Galilee
to Judea.
r-
CHAPTER YIL— questions.
1. What is said of the country or province of Samaria ?
2. Who were the Samaritans ? and what was their
origin ?
3. What their religion ?
4. Where did they build a temple ?
5. How did the Jews and Samaritans regard eacl'
other?
G. Did our Savior pass much time in Samaria ?
SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY. 39
7. Sy'char, called in the Old Testament She'-
cheni and Si^chem, now JSfajJoIose, became the
metropolis of the Samaritans, after the destruction
of the city of Samaria.
8. Near Sychar was Jacobus Well, memorable
for our Savior's conversation with the woman of
Samaria.
9. In the vicinity was Mount Ger'i-zim, on
which the Samaritan temple was built, and to
which allusion is made in the remark of the
woman, " Our fathers worshipped in this moun-
tain."
10. C(ss-a-re'a, a city on the coast of the Med-
iterranean, w^as the seat of the Roman procurators
or governors of Palestine.
11. In this city Herod Agrippa was smitten
with a fatal disease, as related in Acts xii. ;
here St. Peter converted Cornelius, the centu-
rion ; and here St. Paul defended himself before
Felix, Festus, and Agrippa, before he sailed to
Rome.
12. Jop'pa, now Jaffa, is famous as the port
of Jerusalem, and for being the place where Peter
restored Dorcas to life.
13. An-tip'a-tris, a town built by Herod, is
mentioned in the history of St. Paul ; E'non and
Sa'lim, near the Jordan, were places where John
baptized.
7. What is said of Sychar ?
8. For what is Jacob's Well memorable ?
9. What is said of Mount Gerizim ? 10. What of
Ceesarea ?
11. What events took place in this city ?
12. What is said of Joppa ?
13. What of Antipatris, Enon, and Salim ?
40 SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY.
14. Galilee, the northern division of Palestine,
comprised the coantiy formerly occupied by the
tribes of Is'sa-char, Zeh'u-lon^ JVaph'ta-li, and
Ash'er.
15. It was divided into Upper and Lower.
Upper GaHlee, the northern division, was momi-
tainous, and was called Galilee of the Gentiles^
because it bordered upon Gentile nations.
16. The chief town of Upper Galilee was C<£s~
a-re'a-Phi-lip'pij called in the Old Testament Dan.
17. Lower Galilee, which is called in the New
Testament simply Gal'i-lee, is comparatively level,
and was very fruitful and populous ; and many of its
inhabitants were Israelites.
18. This division of Palestine was most honored
with our Savior's presence, and it was the native
country of most, if not ail, of his twelve disciples.
19. Ti-be'ri-as, situated on the sea of Galilee,
which was called also the sea of Tiberias, was
once the capital of Galilee, and was noted for
its Jewish academy after the destruction of Je-
rusalem.
20. Ca-p.er'na-um, Clio-ra'zin, and Beth-sa/i-da^
were all situated near the sea of Galilee, and were
memorable for our Lord's discourses and miracles,
which brought a heavy woe upon them on account
of their unbelief.
14. What did Galilee comprise ? 15. How was it
divided ?
16. What was the chief town of Upper Galilee ?
17. How is Lower Galilee described ?
18. What is farther said of this division ?
19. What is said of Tiberias ?
20. What is said of Capernaum, Chorazin, and
Bethsaida ?
SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY. 41
21. Seth-sa'i-da was the residence of the disci-
ples Philip, Peter, Andrew, James, and John.
22. Ca-per^na-um was the residence of Mat-
thew; and on an eminence near this town, our
Savior delivered his memorable discourse, called
the " Sermon on the Mount."
23. JVaz' a-reth is famous for having been the
residence of our Savior, before he entered on his
public ministry ; Ca'na, for his miracle of turning
water into wine ; JVa'in, for his raising a widow's
son to life.
24. Ptol-e-ma'is or Ac'cho, now Acre, a place
visited by St. Paul, is noted in the history of the
Crusades.
25. Pe-r^'a, or the country Beyond Jordan,
comprised the territories which formerly belonged
to the tribes of Reuben and Gad, and the half
tribe of Manasseh, and it was subdivided into sev-
eral districts.
26. De-cap' Q-lis was a combination of ten
cities, which were situated not far from the sea
of Galilee.
27. The country on the east side of the sea of
Galilee was repeatedly visited by our Savior, and
here were the towns of Dal-ma-nu'tha, Mag' da-la,
and Gad'a-ra.
28. Farther to the south, on the Jordan, was
Be-thab' a-ra, where John baptized.
21. Of whom was Bethsaida the residence ?
22. What is said of Capernaum? 23. What of
Nazareth, Cana, and Nain ? 24. Ptolemais ?
25. What did Pergea comprise ? 26. Decapolis ?
27. What is mentioned of the country on the east
side of the sea of Galilee ? 28. What of Bethabara ?
4*
42 SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY,
Questions on the Map of Palestine. No. IV.
1. What sea lies west of Palestine ?
2. How was Samaria bounded ? 3. Judea ? 4. Galilee ?
5. Pereea, or Beyond Jordan ?
6. How was Galilee of the Gentiles situated ? 7. Itu-
rea ? 8. Phoenicia ? 9. Syria ? 10. Gennesaret ?
11. Decapdlis ?
12. How is the Dead Sea situated ? 13. The sea of
Galilee ? 14. The Waters of Merom ?
15. Through what does the Jordan flow .'' 16. Into
what does it empty ?
17. Where does the Arnon empty ? 18. The Jabbok ?
19. What streams empty into the Mediterranean ?
20. How is Mount Lebanon situated? 21. Anti-Leb-
anon ? 22. Mount Hermon ? 23. Mount Carmel .-^
24. Mount Tabor ? 25. The Mountains of Ephraira ?
26. The Mountains of Abarim ? 27. Mount Gilboa ?
28. How is Jerusalem situated? 29. Samaria?
30. Cffisarea? 31. Tiberias? 32. Sidon? 33. Ga-
za? 34. Hebron? 35. Joppa ? 36. Jericho ? 37. Ptol-
emais ? 38. Capernaum ? 39. Sychar ? 40. Tyre ?
41. CsBsarea-Philippi ? 42. Beersheba ? 43. Bethle-
hem ? 44. Nazareth? 45. Cana ? 46. Emmaus? 47,
Gath? 48. Ascalon? 49. Magdala ? 50. Ramoth-
Gilead? 51. Jezreel ? ,52. Bethabara ? 53. Azotus ?
54. Engedi? 55. Salim and Enon ? 56. Megiddo?
57. Shunem?
Questions on the Map of Jerusalem. No. V.
I. In what part of Jerusalem was Mount Zion ?
2. Mount Moriah?
3. Where was the city of David ? 4. The Temple ?
5. The Palace of David ? 6. Solomon's Palace ?
7. Salem, or the Old City ? 8. The Pool of Bethesda ?
9. The Castle of Antonia ? 10. Mount Calvary ?
II. Which v/ay from the city was the Mount of Ol-
ives? 12. Where was the Valley of Jehosaphat ?
13. The Valley of Hinnom ? 14. The Pool of Siloam ?
15. The Fuller's and the Potter's Fields ? 16. Geth-
semane ?
17. Which way from Jerusalem were Bethphage and
Bethany ?
SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY. 43
CHAPTER VIII.
Countries in which the Gospel was preached by the
Apostles.
1. Tlie labors of the apostles in preaching the
gospel, after the resurrection of our Savior, as
related in the Acts, were confined chiefly to Pal-
estine, Syria, Asia Minor, Greece, and Italy.
2. These countries were all, at this period, sub-
ject to the Romans ; and they embraced the por-
tions of the earth which were most distinguished
for civilization, arts, and literature ; but the inhab-
itants were all, with the exception of the Jews,
pagan idolaters, commonly styled in the Bible
Gentiles.
3. The Jews, having rejected and crucified our
Savior, were little inclined to listen to the instruc-
tion of his disciples, or to receive his religion ; but
among the Gentiles, the apostles met with wonder-
ful success.
'4. Syria, which was, at this period, a Roman
province, had for its capital An'ti-och, which had
been the residence of the Macedonian kings of
Syria, called the Se-leu'ci-dce, and was for some
time the third city in the world in splendor and
population.
5. Antioch is frequently mentioned in the Acts
CHAPTER YllL— questions.
1. In what countries was the gospel preached by the
apostles ?
2. What is said of these countries ?
3. With what success did the af)ostles meet?
4. What is said of Syria and Antioch ?
5. What further is related of Antioch ?
44 SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY.
of the Apostles ; it was the native place of St,
Luke, and for some time the residence of St. Peter
and St. Paul; and here the disciples of Christ
were first called Christians.
6. Asia Minor contained a number of divisions
or provinces, some of the principal of which were
Cap-pa-do' ci-a, Pon'tus, Lyc-a-o'ni-a, Ga-la'ti-a,
Ci-li'ci-a, Pam-phyl'i~a, A'si-a, and Bi-thyn'i-a.
7. Asia was a proconsular province, comprising
Mys'i-a, Lyd'i-a, Ca'ri-a, and most of Phryg'i-a,
in the western part.
8. Eph'e-sus, the capital of the province of
Asia, was a large and splendid city, celebrated for
a magnificent temple of Di-a'na,. which was reck-
oned one of the seven wonders of the world.
9. St. Paul spent some time at Ephesus ; here
St. John passed the latter part of his life ; and of
the church here, Timothy was appointed bishop.
10. The " seven churches of Asia," mentioned
in the Revelation, namely, Eph'e-sus, Smyr'na,
Per'ga-mos, Thy-a-ti'ra, Sar'dis, Phil-a-deVphi-a,
and La-od-i-ce' a, were all in the province of Asia.
11. Smyrna, a large commercial city, is noted
for having been considered by some as the birth-
place of Homer ; Per'ga-mos, as the royal city of
Eu'me-nes ; Sar'dis, as the residence of the rich
king Croesus ; Mi-le'tus, for its riches and com-
merce, and a temple of Apollo.
6. What is said of Asia Minor ? 7. What of the prov-
ince of Asia ? 8. What of Ephesus ? 9. Which of the
apostles resided here ?
10. What were the " seven churches," and where
situated ?
11. What is said of Smyrna, Pergamos, Sardis, and
Miletus ?
SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY. 45^
12. Tar'sus, the capital of Cilicia, was a large
city, noted for the arts and sciences, and as the
birthplace of St. Paul ; I-co'ni-um, as the capital
of Lyc-a-o'ni-a ; Pa'phos, as the capital of the
island of Cyprus.
13. Greece, at this period, was divided into two
Roman provinces, namely, A-cha'i-a and Mac-e-
do'ni-a.
14. Achaia comprised Greece Proper and the
Pel-o-pon-ne'sus ; and Macedonia consisted of Ma-
cedonia Proper, Thessaly, and Epirus.
15. Cor'inth, the capital of Achaia, was situated
on a gulf and an isthmus of the same name, and was
famous for commerce, wealth, and the arts, and for
the celebration of the Isthmian games in its vicinity.
16. Ath'ens, the most renowned city of Greece,
was for a long time the most, celebrated seat of
learning in the world, and gave birth to many
of the most eminent men of antiquity ; yet this city,
as well as those less enlightened, " was wholly given
to idolatry."
17. Thes-sa-lo-ni'ca, now Salonica, the capital
of the Roman province of Macedonia, was a large
commercial city.
18. Phi-lip' pi, situated north-east of Thessalo-
nica, was famous for the defeat of Brutus and
Gassius.
19. Crete, a large island lying south-east of
Greece, and much celebrated in Grecian history,
12. What is said of Tarsus, &c. ?
13. How was Greece now divided ?
14. What did x'Vchaia comprise, and what Macedonia ?
15. What is said of Corinth ? 16. Athens ? 17.
Thessalonica ? 18. Philippi ? 19. Crete?
46 SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY.
was visited by St. Paul, accompanied by Titus,
who was left here to regulate the affairs of the
churches.
20. Pat'mos, a small barren island, is celebrated,
for being the place to which St. John was banished.
21. The great and powerful city of Rome was
the capital of the Roman Empire, which, in the
time of the gospel history, was nearly in its great-
est extent, and embraced most of the then known
world.
22. The Roman Empire was, during the minis-
try of St. Paul, successively governed by the em-
perors Ti-be'ri-us, Ca-Ug'u-la, Claudi-us, and
JVe'ro.
CHAP. IX.
Labors and Travels of St. Paul and the other
Apostles.
1. The labors of St. Peter, so far as they are
recorded in the New Testament, were limited to
Palestine and the city of Antioch; yet, from his
addressing his first epistle to the Christians dis-
persed in Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and
Bithynia, he is supposed to have preached in those
countries.
20. What is said of Patmos ?
21. What is said of Rome and the Roman Empire ?
22. By what emperors was the empire governed
during St. Paul's ministry ?
CHAPTER IX.— questions.
1. What is said of the labors of Peter ?
SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY. 47
2. St. John preached the gospel for a while in
Palestine. He was at length banished to the island
of Patmos; and he passed the latter part of his
life in Asia Minor, chiefly at Ephesus.
3. James, the brother of John, suffered martyr-
dom under Herod Agrippa, as related in Acts, xii.
4. The other apostle James, the brother of Jude,
sometimes called James the Less, was the author
of the epistle which bears his name, and was bishop
of Jerusalem, w^here he suffered martyrdom,
A. D. 62.
5. Of the labors of the rest of the twelve original
disciples or apostles, subsequent to the ascension
of our Savior, scarcely any thing is recorded in the
^ew Testament.
6. St. Paul, who was appointed an apostle after
the ascension of our Savior, and was preeminent
for his various endowments, " labored more abun-
dantly than all the others," and is styled the great
apostle of the Gentiles.
7. He was a native of Tarsus, a Hebrew of the
tribe of Benjamin, was educated a Pharisee, and
possessed, by birth, the privilege of a Roman citi-
zen. This privilege, it has been maintained by
some, was conferred on his ancestors ; but others
suppose that, at this period, all the natives of Tar-
sus enjoyed it.
8. St. Paul was, for a time, zealous for the Jew-
ish religion, and employed himself in cruelly per-
2. What is said of John ?
3. What is said of James the brother of John ?
4. What of the other apostle James ?
5. What of the rest of the 12 original disciples ?
6. What is said of St. Paul ? 7. What of his birth
and origin ?
8. What further is related of him ?
48 SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY.
secuting the Christians ; and it was while on a
journey from Jerusalem to Damascus, for this pur-
pose, that his miraculous conversion took place,
A. D. 35, or 36.
9. After his conversion, he went to Damascus,
thence into Arabia, where he passed considerable
time ; then returned to Damascus, and afterwards
to Jerusalem.
10. After this first return to Jerusalem, subse-
quent to his conversion, he performed four apostolic
journeys from that city, before he was sent a
prisoner to Rome.
11. Some of the principal companions and
assistants of Paul in his labors among the Gentiles,
were Bar'na-bas, Si'las, Tim'o-thy, A-pol'los, Ti'-
tus, and Luke.
12. In his first apostolic journey from Jerusalem,
Paul proceeded by way of Ccss-a-re'a to Tarsus ; ,
thence to Antioch ; and, after spending considera-
ble time here, he returned to Jerusalem, A. D.
44, accompanied by Barnabas, bringing relief to
the suffering Christians in Judea.
13. In his second journey, Paul returned to An-
tioch; thence by Se-leu'ci-a first to SaVa-mis in
Cyprus, then to Paphos, the capital of the island,
where he converted the proconsul Ser'gi-us Pau'-
lus, and struck with blindness the sorcerer El'y-
mas, who attempted to hinder his conversion.
9. To what places did he proceed after his conversion ?
10. How many apostolic journeys did he perform after
this return to Jerusalem ?
11. Who were some of his principal companions and
assistants ?
12. What was his route in his first journey ?
13. What course did he pursue in his second journey,
and what took place at Paphos ?
SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY. 4Q»
14. From Paphos he proceeded to Perga;
thence to Antioch in Pisldia; thence to Lys'tra,
where he cured a cripple ; and the people who saw
this miracle, were at first eager to offer sacrifice to
him and his companion Barnabas ; but they after-
wards stoned him, dragged him out of the city, and
left him for dead.
15. From Lystra he proceeded to Der'he;
thence returning again to Lystra, Iconium, Antioch,
and Perga ; thence by way of At-ta-li'a to Anti-
och in Syria : after spending considerable time
here, he, together with Barnabas, went again to
Jerusalem, A. D. 49, in order to consult the
apostles and elders, on the controversy which arose
respecting circumcision and other legal ceremonies.
16. After the council of Jerusalem, Paul com-
menced his third apostolic journey ; returning with
Barnabas to Antioch, he took Silas for a com-
panion, and proceeded to Der'he and Lys'tra, where
he received Timothy as an assistant ; thence through
Phryg'i-a, Ga-la'ti-a, and Mys'i-a, to Tro'as,
where Luke is supposed to have joined him.
17. From Troas he proceeded by Sam-o-thra'-
ci-a and JSfe-ap' o-lis to Phi-lip'pi, where he,
together with Silas, w^as put in prison, but was de-
livered by an earthquake ; and he afterwards con-
verted the jailer and his family.
18. From Philippi, he proceeded to Am-phip'o-
14. To what places did he proceed from Paphos, and
what took place at Lystra ?
15. What was his course afterwards, and on what oc-
casion did he return to Jerusalem ?
16. What was his course in his third journey ?
17. What was his course afterwards, and what took
place at Philippi ?
18. What places did he next visit ?
50 SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY.
lis, Ap-ol-lo' ni-a, Thes-sa-lo-ni'ca, Be-re'a, and
Ath'ens.
19. At Athens, he was brought before the su-
preme couYt of A-7'e-op'a-gus for trial, and before this
tribunal, composed of statesmen and-philosophers,
he delivered the speech recorded in Acts, xvii.
20. From Athens he proceeded to Cor'inih,
where he remained about a year and a half, and was
here brought by the Jews before the proconsul Gallio.
21. Embarking from Cen'chre-a, a port of
Corinth, after touching at Ej)h'e-sus, he landed at
CcEs^a-j'e'a, and proceeded again to Jerusalem,
A. D. 53.
22. After a short stay at Jerusalem, Paul went
to Antioch, proceeding on his fourth apostolic
journey through Ga-la'ti-a and Phryg'i-a to Ej)h'-
e-sus, where he remained two or three years, and
left the city after a riot was raised against him by
Demetrius the silversmith.
23. From Ephesus he proceeded by way of
Troas to Macedonia, passing through that country
and Greece, again visiting Corinth and Philippi ;
thence sailing by Troas to Mi-le'tus, where he met
the Ephesian Christians, and took the affecting leave
of them recorded in Acts xx.
24. From Miletus, he proceeded by Cos, Rhodes,
Pat'a-ra, Tyre, Ptol-e-ma'is, and Cces-a-re'a, to
19. What took place at Athens ?
20. What city did he then visit, and what took place
at Corinth ?
21. By what places did he return to Jerusalem ?
22. What was his course in his fourth journey, and
what took place at Ephesus ?
23. What was his route from thence, and what took
place at Miletus ?
24. By what places did he return to Jerusalem ?
SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY. 51
Jerusalem, where he arrived before the feast of
Pentecost, A. D. 58.
25. After his return to Jerusalem from his fourth
apostolic journey, the Jews caused an excitement
against him, and he was sent a prisoner by way of
An-iip' a-tris to Cas-a-re'a, to be tried by Felix,
the governor.
26. Ha\ing been detained a prisoner two years
at Cffisare'a, where he delivered the defences re-
corded in Acts xxii. and xxvi., he availed himself
of his privilege of a Roman citizen by appealing
to the emperor.
27. He was accordingly sent to Rome with other
prisoners, under the care of the centurion Julius,
and was accom.panied by St. L/uke.
28. In their voyage (^ee Map JVo. F7.), they
touched at Si'don and J^Iy'ra, sailed near Cni'dus^
thence round the east end of Crete ; and after be-
ing " exceedingly tossed with a tempest," for four-
teen days, they were shipwTecked near the island
of Mel'i-ta, where they all got safe to shore.
29. From Mel'i-ta they proceeded by Syr'a-cuse,
Pu-te'o-Ii, Ap'pi-i Fo'rum, and The Three Tav-
erns, till they finally arrived at Rome, A. D. 61.
30. Paul dwelt two years in the city, in hired
lodgings, where he received all that came to him,
preaching the gospel without interruption.
31. During this imprisonment at Rome, the
apostle wrote his epistles to the E-phe'sians, Fhi-
Up'pi-ans, Co-los'sians, and to Phi-le'mon.
25. What happened after his return ?
26. What took place at Csesarea ?
27. By whom was he accompanied to Rome ?
28. What is related respecting the voyage ?
29. How did he proceed from Melita ?
30. What did he do at Rome ? 31. What epistles did
he write during this imprisonment ?
52 SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY.
32. The most of his other epistles had before
this time been written at different places, as may
be seen in the Table on the following page.
33. St. Luke concludes his narrative in the
Acts, with this imprisonment at Rome ; and the sub-
sequent history of St. Paul is uncertain ; but it was
the uniform tradition of the primitive church, that he
was afterwards imprisoned a second time at Rome,
and that he suffered martyrdom under the emperor
Nero, in or about the year A. D. 66.
32. What is said of the other epistles ? 33. What fur-
ther is related of St. Paul ?
Questions on the Map of the Travels of St. Paul.
No. VI.
1. What countries were situated on the east of the
Mediterranean or Great Sea ?
2. What countries were in the west of Asia Minor ?
3. In the south? 4. In the north ? 5. In the east ?
6. How Vv'as Galatia situated ? 7. Troas ? 8. The
island of Cyprus ? 9. Crete ? 10. Patraos ? 11. Sicily ?
12. Melita.?
13. How was Greece or Achaia situated ? 14. Mace-
donia ? 15. Thrace ? 16. Epirus ? 17. Illyricum ? 18.
Thessaly ? 19. Dalmatia ? 20. Italy ?
21. Which way from Jerusalem to Damascus ? 22.
Gaza ? 23. Antioch ? 24. Alexandria ? 25. Ephesus ?
26. Cy-re'ne ? 27. Athens ?
28. How was Antioch situated ? 29. Tarsus ? 30. Ico-
nium? 31.Paphos.? 32. Attalia.? 33. Antioch in Pisidia .?
34. What towns were there on the west coast of Asia
Minor, and on the east of the iEgean Sea ?
35. How was Smyrna situated ? 36. Ephesus ? 37.
Pergamos? 38. Miletus ? 39. Philadelphia? 40. Sar-
dis ? 41. Co-los'se and Laodicea ?
42. How was Athens situated ? 43. Thessalonica ?
44. Corinth ? 45. Philippi ? 46. Berea ? 47. Cenchrea ?
48. Rome? 49. Syracuse ? 50. Rhegium? 51. PuteoU?
52. By what places did St. Paul pass in his voyage
from Csesarea to Rome ?
SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY. 63
TABLE,
^Exhibiting, in chronological order, the places where,
and the times when, the books of the New Testament
were written, according* to Dr. Lardner.
The Gospels and the Acts.
Places. A. D.
St. Matthew ........ Judea, or near it . about 64
St. Mark Rome about 64
St. Luke . Greece . . about 63 or 64
St. John Ephesus about 68
The Acts of the Apostles Greece . . . about 63 or 64
St. Paul's Epistles.
1 Thessalonians Corinth 52
2 Thessalonians Corinth 52
Galatians . Corinth or Ephesus 52 or 53
1 Corinthians Ephesus 56
1 Timothy Macedonia 56
Titus Macedonia, or near it . . 56
2 Corinthians Macedonia 57
Romans Corinth 58
Ephesians Rome 61
2 Timothy Rome 61
Philippians Rome 62
Colossians Rome 62
Philemon Rome 62
Hebrews Rome or Italy 63
The Catholic Epistles.
James Judea 61 or 62
1 Peter and 2 Peter .... Rome 64
Jude Unknown 64 or 65
1 John Ephesus 80
2 John and 3 John Ephesus . . . from 80 to 90
The Revelation Patmos or Ephesus 95 or 96
54 SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY.
The dates of several of the Epistles have been much
controverted. According to Dr. Lardner, the Second
Epistle to Timothy was written by Paul, during his first
imprisonment at Rome ; but Michaelis, Rosenmiiller,
Macknight, Paley, and other judicious critics, maintain
that it was written during the apostle's second imprison-
ment, and but little before he suffered martyrdom.
Many learned critics suppose that the First Epistle to
Timothy, and the Epistle to Titus, were written as late
as the year 64 or 65.
Thirteen of the Epistles were avowedly written by
St. Paul ; but the Epistle to the Hebrews, which is
ascribed to him by Dr. Lardner, is anonymous, and the
question respecting the author of it has been much con-
troverted. The prevailing opinion, however, in the
Christian church, has been, that it was written by Paul ;
and this opinion is supported by a majority of modern
critics.
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