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i 


ME.    1599 
EARLY    CALIFORNIA 
.EARNING    TWO    HANDS 
bUR    ITALY,    ETC. 


Vol.  W    No. 


Lavishly 

Illustrated 


THE  MAGAZINE  Of 

(ALirORNIAAH-THEWEST 


WITH  A  SYNDICATE 
OF  WESTERN  WRITERS 


EDITED  BY 

CHAS.f.LUlimS 

A«OriATt  tDiroR 

.ORArtELLERYCttANNIH&, 


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THE 


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THE  MAGAZINE   OF 

CALIFORNIA  AND  THE  WEST 


EDITED  BY 

CHARLES  F.  LUMMIS 


Staff— David   Starr  Jordan,    Joaquin   Miller,    Theodore   H.  Hittell,    Mary   Hallock  Foote, 

Margaret  Collier  Graham,  Charles  Warren  Stoddard,  Grace  Ellery  Channing,  John  Vance 

Cheney,    Ina  Coolbrith,    William  Keith,   Dr.  Washington  Matthews,   Dr.  Elliott 

Coues,  George  Parker  Winship,  Frederick  Webb  Hodge,  Chas.  F.  Holder, 

Edwin   Markham,   Geo.  Hamlin    Fitch.  Chas.    Howard   Shinn,  T.  S. 

Van  Dyke,  Chas.  A.  Keeler,  Louise  M.  Keeler,  A.  F.  Harmer, 

L.  Maynard  Dixon,  Charlotte  Perkins  Stetson,  Constance 

Goddard     Du  Bois,     Batterman     Lindsay,     Chas. 

Dwight  Willard. 


XI 

June,   1899,  to  November,   1899 


LAND  OF  Sunshine  Publishing  Co. 

LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 


'8S0 


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Copyright  1899  by 
Land  of  Sunshine  Publishing  Co. 

fo7 


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'^(''^^  Tfir  hAl'  '|:UAkY 

The  Land  of  Sunshine. 

CONTENTS    OF    VOL.     XL 

PAGE 

Aboriginal  Art  in  Obsidian,  illustrated,  H.  C.  Meredith...   255 

A  Little  Curio  (story),  Julia  B.  Foster 270 

Among  the  Yaqui  Indians,  illustrated,  Verona  Granville..  84 
An  Afternoon  in  Chinatown,  illustrated,  Olive  Percival...  50 
Angle  of  Reflection,  The,  Margaret  Collier  Graham  

48,  121,   182 

Arizona's  Biggest  Gold-Mine,  illustrated,  Sharlot  M.  Hall,  148 
Big  Bonanza,  The,  illustrated,  Theodore  H.  Hitten...2i4,  276 
Bird-of-Paradise    Flower,    The,    illustrated,   Juliette    E. 

Mathis 199 

Blossom  of  Barren  Lands,  A  (poem),  illustrated,  Eugene 

M.  Rhodes  251 

California  Aquarium  and  Zoological  Station,  A,  illustrated, 

Charles  Frederick  Holder 77 

California  Babies,  illustrated 60,  124,  189,  243,  301,   359 

California  Goat-Ranch,  A,  illustrated,  Kate  P.  Sieghold...   252 

California  in  1757  (map)  269 

California  Red^woods,  illustrated,  Bertha  F.  Herrick 95 

California    State    Normal    School,     illustrated,     Melville 

Dozier 1 34 

City  of  the  Saints,  The,  illustrated,  Annie  Getchell  Gale,  201 
Congress    (Ariz.)    Gold-Mines,    illustrated,    Sharlot    M. 

Hall 148 

Cowboy's  Pencil,  A,  illustrated,  by  Ed.  Borein,  C.  F.  L    ••    159 

Diaz,  the  Mexican  Magician,  illustrated 308 

Dry  Loco-Weed  (poem),  Grace  A.  Luce 307 

Early  California   History,  from  documents  never  before 

published   in   English  ^  Viceroy    Revilla-Gigedo's 
^^  Report.    1768-1793,    32,    105,    168.    225,    283,   33^ 

Fray  Zarate-Salmeron's  Relacio7i 33^ 

Ed.  Borein,  Cowboy  artist,  illustrated 159 

First  Rain,  The  306 

Happy  Hunting  Ground,  The,  Idah  M.  Strobridge 21 

Indian  Problem,  The,  illustrated,  Chas.  F.  Lummis 

T39.  207,  263,  332 

In  the  Lion's  Den   (by  the  editor),  42,  113,  174,  234,  290,  345 

Invitation  (poem),  Louisa  M.  Groshon 335 

Italy  and  Our  Italy,  Grace  Ellery  Channing 24 

Joaquin  Miller's  Monuments,  illustrated 240 


Keeper  of  the   Camp,    The,    illustrated   by  L.  Maynard 

Dixon,  Elwyn  Irving  Hoffman...  29 

Landmarks  Club,  The 123,  355 

Land  We  Love,  The,  illustrated 58,  128,  246,  297,  356 

Learning  Two  Hands,  illustrated,  Mrs.  C.  M.  Bradfield...  9 
Leaves  Lorn  the  Popol  Vuh  (poems),  John  Vance  Cheney..  3 
Lion's  Den,  In  the  (by  the  editor),  42,  113,  174,  234,  290,  345 

Mayne  Reid,  illustrated,  Chas.  F.  Lummis 4 

Mex  (poem)  Sam  T.  Clover 165 

Mexican  Magician,  The,  illustrated 308 

Missions  of  California,  Some  Unknown,  illustrated,  Con- 
stance Goddard  Du  Bois 317 

Morn  on  the  Pacific  (poem) ,  Herbert  Bashford 195 

My  Brother's  Keeper,  illustrated,  Chas.  F.  Lummis,  139,   207 

263,  33S 

Myth  of  Queen  Xochitl,  The    '^Uistrated,  Owen  Wallace..  259 

Nature  of  the  Beast,  The,  ili             d,  Juan  del  Rio 329 

New  Mexico  Sheep-King,  A,  illusc  ated,  C.  F.  L 197 

One  Day  at  Pacheco's,  Idah  M.  Strobridge,  illustrated  by 

Alex.  F.  Harmer loi 

Our  Literary  Pioneer,  illustrated,  Chas.  F.  Lummis 4 

Piute  Legend,  A,. Idah  M.  Strobridge 21 

Raisin-Making,  illustrated,  D.  B.  Kessler 18 

Revilla-Gigedo,  Viceroy,  Report  on  California,  1793,  32,  105 

168,  225,  283 

Salt  Lake  City,,  illustrated,  Annie  G.  Gale 201 

Some  Unknown  Missions  of  California,  illustrated,  Con- 
stance Goddard  Du  Bois 317 

Summer  Dusk  (poem),  Nora  May  French 195 

*'Tennessee"  and  "Partner,"  illustrated,  Ralph  K.  Bick- 

nell 325 

That  which  is  written  (book-reviews  by  the  editor),  46,   117 

178,  237,  294,  350 

War  Vie^YS  in  the  Philippines 53,  185 

Yaqui  Indians  of  Sonora,  The,  illustrated,  Verona  Gran- 

.     ville 84 

Yuccas,  The  (poem),  Robt.  Mowry  Bell 240 

Zapote  Blanco,  The,  illustrated,  Dr,  F.  Franceschi 199 

Zarate-Salmeron,  history  of  California  and  New  Mexico, 

1538-1626 336 


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The  historic  interest  attached  to  this  peculiarly  beautiful  city  and  its 
wonderful  "  Dead  Sea ''  makes  it  unusually  attractive  to  the  tourist. 
Lying  nearly  one  mile  above  the  sea,  its  combined  mountain  and  sea  air 
is  dry  and  most  invigorating.  The  great  "  Temple  "  and  "  Tabernacle  " 
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r  The  Land  of  Sunshine 


(INCORPORATBD)      capital  stock  $50,000. 


The  Magazine  of  California  and  the  West 


EDITED  BY  CHAS.  F.  LUMMIS 


The  Only  Exclusively  Western  Magazine 


AMONG    THE    STOCKHOLDERS 

DAVID  STARR  JORDAN 

President  of  Stanford  University. 
THEODORE  H.  HITTELL 

The  Historian  of  California. 

MARY  HALLOCK  FOOTE 

Author  of  The  Led-Horse  Claim.,^ic. 

MARGARET  COLLIER  GRAHAM 
Author  of  Stories  of  the  Foothills. 

GRACE  ELLERY  CHANNING 

Author  of  TTie  Sister  of  a  Saint,  etc. 

ELLA    HIGGINSON 

Author  of  A  Forest  Orchid,  etc. 

JOHN  VANCE  CHENEY 

Author  of  Thistle  Drift,  etc. 

CHARLES  WARREN  STODDARD 
The  Poet  of  the  South  Seas. 

INA  COOLBRITH 

Author  of  Songs  f torn  the  Golden  Gate,  etc. 

CHAS.  EDWIN  MARKHAM 

Contributor  to  Century,  Scribner's, 
Atlantic,  etc. 

CHAS.  FREDERICK  HOLDER 

Author  of  The  Life  o/  Agassiz,  etc. 
GEO.  HAMLIN  FITCH 

I^iterary  Editor  S.  F.  Chronicle. 

CHARLOTTE  PERKINS  STETSON 

Author  of  In  This  Our  World. 

ETC., 


AND    CONTRIBUTORS    ARE: 
JOAQUIN  MILLER 
WILLIAM  KEITH 

the  greatest  Western  painter. 

DR.  WASHINGTON  MATTHEWS 

Ex-Prest.  American  Folk-I,ore  Society. 

GEO.  PARKER  WINSHIP 

The  Historian  of  Coronado's  Marches. 

FREDERICK  WEBB  HODGE 

of  the  Bureau  of  Ethnology,  Washington. 

CHAS.  HOWARD  SHINN 

Author  of  The  Story  of  the  Mine,  etc. 

T.  S.  VAN  DYKE 

Author  of  Rod  and  Gun  in  California,  etc. 

CHAS.  A.  KEELER 

A  Director  of  the  California  Academy 
of  Sciences. 

LOUISE  M.  KEELER 
ALEX.  F.  HARMER 

L.  MAYNARD  DIXON 

Illustrators. 

CHAS.  DWIGHT  WILLARD 

CONSTANCE  GODDARD  DU  BOIS 

Author  The  Shield  of  the  Fleur  de  Lis. 

BATTERMAN  LINDSAY 
ETC. 


CONTENTS  FOR  JUNE,  1899: 

The  Keeper  of  the  Camp Frontispiece 

Leaves  from  the  Popol  Vuh,  poem,  by  John  Vance  Cheney 3 

Our  Literary  Pioneer,  illustrated,  by  Chas.  F.  Lummis 4 

Learning  Two  Hands,  illustrated,  by  Mrs.  C.  M.  Bradfield.... 9 

The  Raisin-Making,  illustrated,  by  D.  E.  Kessler 18 

The  Happy  Hunting  Ground,  by  Idah  M.  Strobridge 21 

Italy  and  "Our  Italy,"  by  Grace  Ellery  Channin^ 25 

The  Keeper  of  the  Camp,  by  EHyn  I.  Hoflfman 31 

Early  California,  unpublished  documents '■■  34 

In  the  Lion's  Den  (editorial).. 42 

That  Which  is  Written  (reviews  by  the  Editor) 46 

The  Angle  of  Reflection  (department),  by  Margaret  Collier  Graham 50 

Chinatown,  illustrated,  by  Olive  Percival 52 

The  Land  We  Love,  illustrated 54 

California  Babies,  illustrated 5" 

Philippine  War  Pictures 

Terminal  Island,  illustrated 

Bear  Valley,  illustrated ,,.., 

Entered  at  the  I^os  Angeles  Postoffice  as  second-class  matter. 


l^SLtid    of    Stin^lnine    Ptiblieliing    Co. 

F.  A.  PATTEE,  Bus.  Mgr.,  501  Stimson  BIdg.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Directors:  — W.  C.  Patterson,  Pres.;  Chas.  F.  Lummis,  Vice-Pres. ;  F.  A.  Pattee,  Sec.;  H.J. 
Fleishman,  Treas,;  K.  Pryce  Mitchell,  Auditor;  Chas.  Cassat  Davis,  Atty.,  Cyrus  M.  Davis. 

Other  Stockholders :— Chas.  Forman,  D.  Freeman,  F.  W.  Braun,  Jno.  F.Francis,  E.  W.  Jones, 
Geo.  H.  Bonebrake,    F.   K.   Rule,  Andrew  Mullen,  I.  B.    Newton,  S.  H.  Mott,  Alfred  P.  Griffith, 

F.  E.  Bostwick,  H.  E  Brook,  Kingsley-Barnes  &  NeunerCo  ,  I..  Replogle,  Jno.  C.  Perry,  F.A.  Schnell, 

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WARNING. 

The  Land  of  Sunshine  Publishing  Co  has  nothing  to  do  with  a  concern  which 
has  imitated  its  name  as  nearly  as  it  dared.  This  magazine  is  not  peddling  town- 
lots  in  the  desert.     It  is  a  magazine,  not  a  lottery.  Chas.  F.  Lummis. 


I  ne  xsesi  i^ougn  csyrup. 

I  Tastes  Good.  Use  in  time.] 
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THE    KEEPER    OF    THE    CAMP.  Drawn  by  L.  Maynard  Dixon. 


^ND8    OF   THE    SUN    EXPAND    TH  ■    SOUL.' 


THE  LAND  OF 

SUNSHINE 


Vol.  11,  No.  1 


LOS  ANGELES 


JUNE,  1899. 


Leaves  from  the  Popol-Vuh. 


BY    JOHN    VANCE   CHENEY. 


THE    FIRST    DAWN. 


He  that  engenders  had  called  forth  the  world  ; 
The  mist,  ingathered  from  the  vast  of  space, 
Together  drawn,  had  fashioned  a  great  face 
Of  vale  and  mountain,  tree,  and  river  curled. 
Of  all  the  leaves  and  flowers  was  none  unfurled, 
No  bird  had  song,  no  voice  the  giant  race 
Of  beasts  ;  for  darkness  held  her  ancient  place. 
The  day-god's  bolt  glowed  in  his  hand,  unhurled. 
But  eastward,  now,  dream  colors,  faint  and  far 
Foretold  to  those  first  lives  the  end  of  night. 
And  from  the  sea  and  land  all  rose  as  one  ; 
The  mother-dark,  with  neither  moon  nor  star. 
Was  thick  with  wild  eyes  looking  for  the  light. 
And  throats  of  thunder  for  the  coming  sun. 

THE  DEATH  OF  THE  FATHERS  FOUR. 

Strange  tremor  seized  and  shook  them,  hoar  and  old, 
The  Fathers  Four,  the  Sires,  of  mighty  frame  ; 
Down  on  their  clear  gods'-eyes  a  dimness  came. 
As  when  the  rain-wings  on  the  mountains  fold. 
While  to  their  hearts  crept  up  the  numbing  cold. 
And  flickered,  as  in  wind,  the  spirit's  flame. 
Calling  their  sons  and  weeping  wives  by  name. 
Thus  said  they,  of  all  men  the  font  and  mold  : — 
"Once  more  the  Shadow  Chief  across  the  sky 
We  follow,  with  Him  who  brought  us  we  return  ; 
'Twill  fall  to  you  as  first  to  us  it  fell. 
The  days  and  nights  come  hither,  and  go  by, 
The  fire  within  will  sink,  no  longer  burn 
But,  as  with  us,  with  you  it  shall  be  well." 

Newberry  Library.  Chicago. 

'The  folklore  of  the  ancient  Central  Americans 


Copyright  1899  b/  Land  of  Sunshine  Pub.  Co. 


Our  Literary  Pioneer. 


iY  CHAS.    F.    LUMMIS. 


URIOUSIyY  enough,  the  first  man  to  write 
fiction  of  the  Southwest,  the  first  author  (in 
our  own  speech)  to  know  and  love  Arizona, 
New  Mexico,  Texas,  Colorado,  the  Wonder- 
land of  the  United  States,  was  an  English- 
man. And  to  this  day,  though  we  have  put- 
graver  scholars  to  that  field,  no  other  man- 
has  made  it  so  fascinating  as  this  fighting 
bantam  Irishman,  Capt.  Mayne  Reid,  made  it  half  a  century 
ago. 

Furthermore,  no  other  writer  was  ever  so  deeply  wor- 
shipped by  so  many  young  Americans,  Since  his  time, 
the  United  States  alone  has  produced  more  brainy  people  who 
have  given  their  best  work  to  the  young,  than  the  whole 
history  of  mankind  held  before.  There  have  been  in  this 
country  alone  fully  fifty  writers  for  youth,  better  educated  and 
of  more  intellectuality  than  Mayne  Reid.  We  have  had  not 
only  the  Oliver  Optic  print-factories  in  literature  to  reel  off 
juvenile  calicoes  by  the  yard  ;  we  have  had  as  well  the  unpre- 
cedented genius  of  the  Jungle  Books,  the  glow  of  the  7 angle- 
wood  Tales,  the  up-to-date  finish  of  Little  Lord  Fauntleroy, 
and  hundreds  of  other  juveniles  really  good.  Yet  the  striking 
fact  remains  that  none  of  them  ever  had  such  an  audience,  in 
numbers  or  in  partisanship,  as  Mayne  Reid  had.  Nor  have 
any  others  so  well  deserved  it.  Boys  who  were  boys  thirty- 
five  or  forty  years  ago  know  that.  If  the  boys  of  today  know 
less  of  Mayne  Reid — why,  so  much  the  worse  for  them  ! 

There  is  no  dark  secret  about  his  power.  It  was  not  luck. 
He  had  red  blood  ;  he  cared  for  the  things  young  natures  care 
for — or  generous  natures  of  any  age — and  he  knew  what  he 
was  talking  about.  ''Adventure"  to  him  was  not  a  cos- 
tumer's  stock  in  trade,  but  a  fact.  His  life  held  more  of  ro- 
mance and  adventure,  probably,  than  the  lives  of  all  the  popu- 
lar authors  of  today  put  together.  In  other  words,  he  knew 
more  of  life. 

It  is  a  fact  strange  but  true  that  no  naturalist,  geographer, 
philosopher,  historian  who  has  written  of  this  field  has  better 
stood  the  test  of  fifty  years.  To  this  day  no  one  has  ever  been 
able  to  pick  a  serious  flaw  in  Mayne  Reid's  history,  geogra- 
phy, ethnology,  zoology — in  fact  his  local  color.  How  remark- 
able is  this  record  can  be  realized  only  by  those  who  seriously 
know  what  in  the  same  period  has  befallen  Prescott — as  much 
greater  student  and  writer  as  the  sun  is  more  than  sixpence. 
But  the  field  man  lasts,  the  closet  man  did  not. 

This  small  but  lion-hearted  soldier  of  fortune — if  wp  can 


OUR    LITERARY   PIONEER.  5 

apply  the  term  to  one  who  soldiered  not  for  fortune  but  for 
fun  and  generosity — was  the  very  first  man  who  taught  Amer- 
icans the  charm  of  the  American  West  ;  and  to  this  day  his 


peer  has  not  arisen.  I  do  not  mean  for  technical  skill — we  are 
infested  with  "better  artists."  But  we  have  not  yet  had  one 
who  knew  the  land  so  well  and  loved  it  so  deeply  and  could 


LAND    OF  SUNSHINE. 


L.  A  Eng.  Co 
CAPT.    MAYNE   REID'S    "  HACIENDA,"   AT  GERRARD'S   CROSS,    BUCKS. 

make  his  love  so  contagious.  A  too  fluent  writer  and  one  too 
hasty  for  finish,  he  was  a  marvelously  clear  observer,  a  true 
lover  of  nature,  and  a  companion  whose  enthusiasm  pardoned 
his  talkativeness.  His  adult  novels  are  too  sensational  for  our 
taste  nowadays,  though  equally  true  to  life;  but  his  "boy's 
novels  ' '  are  the  wholesomest  thing  a  wholesome  boj'-  can  be 
inspired  withal.  They  teach  love  of  nature  as  no  others  do  ; 
they  are  clean  and  manful,  and  so  exciting  that  no  sane  boy 
alive  can  fail  to  kindle  to  them.  The  Boy  Hunters,  and  The 
Young  Voyageurs,  The  Plant- Hunters,  and  The  Cliff- Climber s. 
The  Bush  Boys  and  The  Young  Yagers,  7 he  Desert  Home — if 
these  are  not  in  your  bones,  more  vital  still  than  anything  that 
far  greater  writers  can  give  you  nowadays,  why,  you  missed 
half  the  fun  of  being  a  boy,  that's  all.  And  with  half  the  fun, 
considerable  of  the  profit.  A  really  wise  parent  will  give  his 
boys  all  these  books. 

Mayne  Reid  was  born  in  the  North  of  Ireland  in  1818.  His 
father,  a  Presbyterian  clergyman,  designed  his  son  for  the  min- 
istry ;  but  the  boy  had  another  pulse.  He  graduated  from 
college  to — the  wilderness.  At  twenty-two  he  landed  in  New 
Orleans  ;  and  was  disgusted  to  find  his  learning  a  scant  equip- 
ment for  life.  He  got  a  place  as  "  store -keeper  "  on  an  old 
Louisiana  plantation — and  material  for  stirring  and  true  tales 
of  the  palmy  slave  days.     He  tutored  and  taught  school.     Then 


OUR    LITERARY   PIONEER. 


-WAA* 


^'^       '^.    vitov.vm^'l 


8  LAND    OF  SUNSHINE. 

he  went  trading,  trapping  and  hunting  into  what  was  the 
Great  American  Desert,  and  wandered  over  it  for  five  years. 
He  went  with  pioneer  frontiersmen  ;  he  lived  with  Indians, 
learning  their  tongue  and  feeding  full  on  that  life  of  war  and 
wild  hunting.  Then  he  drifted  to  Cincinnati  and  joined  a 
company  of  strolling  actors  :  and  at  last  fetched  up  in  Phila- 
delphia— then  the  literary  heart  of  the  country — and  began  to 
make  a  living  by  poetry  and  kindred  writing.  He  was  an  in- 
timate friend  of  Poe,  and  has  left  us  a  "  defense  "  which  is  in 
itself  enough  to  convince  one  in  the  teeth  of  all  the  currish 
packs  that  have  barked  at  that  strangely  abused  genius. 
When  the  Mexican  war  came  Reid  got  a  commission  in  the 
first  volunteer  regiment  raised  in  New  York.  He  was  to  the 
fiercest  battle  of  that  war  (the  storming  of  Chapultepec)  pre- 
cisely what  Roosevelt  was  at  San  Juan,  or  Funston  in  Calumpit 
— the  typical  hero,  the  daredevil  who  was  first.  Gen.  Scott 
praised  him  in  general  orders  for  conspicuous  gallantry,  and 
his  fame  was  as  full  and  as  generous  throughout  all  the  army. 
On  that  bristling  rock  he  fell  with  a  wound  from  which  he 
never  really  recovered. 

Settling  to  a  literary  life  in  New  York,  he  broke  out  again 
when  Hungary's  vain  struggle  for  freedom  so  stirred  our  fath- 
ers; and  sailed  at  once  to  offer  his  sword.  The  "  rebellion  " 
was  crushed,  and  Reid  had  no  more  chance  to  fight  for  the  lib- 
erty of  others ;  but  he  became  the  life-long  and  intimate  friend 
of  Kossuth.  He  sat  down  in  England  and  began  to  write  the 
romances  which  have  given  him  fame.  His  first  was  Tke 
RiHe  Rangers^  written  at  Don  Piatt's  house  in  Ohio  directly 
upon  his  return  from  the  Mexican  war  (1848)  and  published 
in  London  in  1850.  It  was  an  instant  success.  The  Scalp 
Hunters  soon  followed  from  the  press,  and  made  his  place  se- 
cure. His  first  boy's  book  was  The  Desert  Home  (1851)  less 
noted  than  Robinson  Crusoe,  but  tenfold  truer  to  life.  Thence 
forward  for  a  third  of  a  century  his  books  poured  forth  in  an 
impetuous  flood.  Out  of  fifty  volumes  from  his  pen,  doubtless 
one-half  will  live. 

In  1867  the  impulsive  Irishman  returned  to  this  country, 
which  never  ceased  to  be  his  love,  and  made  his  home  in  New 
York  and  Newport.  He  was  perhaps  the  first  author  to  get 
big  prices  in  the  United  States.  Frank  Leslie's  paid  him  $8000 
for  the  serial  rights  of  The  Child  Wife ;  The  Fireside  Compan- 
ion $5000  for  The  Finger  of  Fate — one  of  the  most  worthless 
of  his  tales.  In  1868  he  started  a  juvenile  magazine  of  his 
own  in  New  York  called  Onward,  In  fourteen  months  his 
health  broke  down,  and  the  magazine  died.  In  1870  he  re- 
turned to  England,  and  never  saw  America  again.  Writing 
and  by  turns  suffering  from  the  old  wound  received  on  Chapul- 
tepec, he  rounded  out  a  life  simple  as  a  child's,  brave  as  any 


LEARNING    TWO    HANDS.  9 

hero's.  And  he  never  forgot  the  land  he  fought  for  and  in  a 
way  discovered.  He  died  October  22,  1883.  Less  than  five 
months  before  his  death,  he  wrote  to  a  friend  in  this  country  : 
*'  America  is  indeed  the  land  of  novelties,  as  it  is  that  of  my 
love  and  longings  ;  and  you  are  to  be  envied — perhaps  you 
know  not  how  much — for  being  able  to  claim  it  as  your  home. 
I  only  wish  —  fervently  wish  —  I  could  say  the  same  for  my- 
self ;  but,  alas  !  my  disabled  state  may  hinder  me  from  ever 
again  seeing  that  far,  fair  land  of  the  West,  so  endeared  to  me 
by  early  recollections." 


Learning  Two  Hands. 

BY    MRS.    C.   M.    BRADFIELD  * 

HERE  is  at  least  an  effort  to  teach  some 
American  boys  and  girls  two  hands;  and 
in  the  public  schools  of  the  city  of  Los 
Angeles  the  children  are  learning.  Ambi- 
dexter drawing  is  taught  now  in  all  grades, 
and  with  gratifying  success. 

The  value  of  freehand  drawing  can  h,  rdly 
be  overestimated.  It  brings,  eye,  mind  and 
hand  into  intimate  relations,  and  teaches  attention,  flexibility 
and  accuracy  to  all  three.  It  develops  the  sense  of  form  and 
proportion,  enforces  observation,  demands  correct  translation 
by  the  hand  of  that  which  eye  and  mind  have  formulated. 

Drawing   with  both  hands,  at  the  early  age  wherein  eyes, 
mind  and  hands  are  most  susceptible  of  training,  unquestion- 


C.  M.  Davis  Eng.  Co.  PAPKR    MODELING,     1ST   GRADE. 

•Supervisor  of  Drawing.  Los  Angeles  City  Schools. 
From  photos,  by  Mr.  Griffltb,  of  the  Union  ave.  School. 


LEARNING    TWO    HANDS 


J5 


ably  gives  a  more  rounded 
development.  It  proves  to  be 
as  easy  to  train  both  hands  as 
to  train  one.  Indeed,  with 
proper  direction,  ambidexter 
drawing  can  be  done  without 
consciousness  of  the  hands  at 
all.  Distance  and  direction, 
the  two  lundamenlal  ideas  of 
geometry,  and  the  base  of  size 
and  form,  are  first  taught. 
Direction  is  the  foundation  of 
all  design ;  since  it  is  the 
shape  of  things,  not  their  size, 
which  determines  their  rank 
in  beauty.  The  methods  of 
teaching  direction  are  some- 
what indicated  by  the  accom- 
panying photographs,  show- 
ing point  and  straight  line 
figures  and  figures  enclosed  in 
squares.  Then  follow  circles, 
spirals  and  curves  of  all  kinds, 
as  units  of  design. 

These  and  object  drawing 
(always  using  both  hands)  fas- 
cinate almost  any  normal  child, 
and  the  ease  of  accomplish- 
ment is  enough  to  prove  that 
nature  meant  us  to  use  both 
hands  with  equal  facility. 

Another  great  aid  to  ambi- 
dexterity is  paper  modeling, 
also  taught  in  these  schools. 
It  employs  both  hands  at  the 
same  time,  as  hardly  any 
other  form  of  manual  training 
does.  In  this  course  we  begin 
with  the  geometrical  solids  ; 
the  cube  first,  as  it  is  simplest. 
The  child  draws  the  pattern  of 
a  cube,  develops  the  surface, 
cuts  it  out,  folds  and  pastes  it. 
From  this,  by  degrees,  he  goes 
on  to  make  all  kinds  of  prisms, 
cones,  pyramids,  cylinders, 
octahedrons,  dodecahedrons 
and  the  like,  and  objects  based 
upon  these  forms.     Nearly  all 


LEARNING    TWO    HANDS. 


17 


nil 

IM 

■i  ■:i# 

f'juiai 

■ 

i 

:    1 

i  ^' 

fk 

Davis  Eug.  C'< 


PAPER   MODELS   MADE   BY    SCHOOL   CHILDREN. 


forms,  in  nature  and  in  art,  can  be  referred  to  geometry,  and 
often  the  easiest  way  to  teach  children  to  draw  a  leaf  or  flower 
is  to  show  them  what  geometric  form  it  most  nearly  approaches. 
There  is  practically  no  end  to  the  objects  that  can  be  made 
in  paper  modelling,  and  the  training  is  admirable.  The  pat- 
terns must  be  drawn  and  cut  out  with  great  exactness,  else 
they  will  not  fold  properly.  Well  made,  they  are  used  as  ob- 
jects for  freehand  drawing  and  for  working  drawings.  So,  in 
this  course  of  paper  modeling,  the  child  learns  to  draw  pat- 
terns and  working  models,  to  draw  to  scale,  to  cut,  fold  and 
paste,  and  acquires  some  practical  knowledge  of  solid  geometry. 
As  the  illustrations  evidence,  this  most  exact  and  pleasant 
form  of  manual  training  can  be  taught  in  all  grades  by  the 
class  teacher,  with  no  more  expense  than  that  for  paper,  paste 
and  scissors.  Whatever  is  to  be  his  walk  in  life,  the  child  who 
has  this  ambidexter  training  has  a  better  start  than  the  child 
without  it.  There  is  no  vocation  wherein  it  is  not  "  better  to 
have  two  hands  than  a  hand  and  a  half;"  no  circumstance  in 
which  it  is  not  of  value  to  have  had  eye,  hand,  observation, 
judgment  and  will  trained  to  accuracy  and  firmness,  as  these 
exercises  train  them. 


i8 

The  Raisin-Making. 


BY    D.    E.    KESSLER. 


^C^i^HE  raisiu-making  in  a  Southern  California  grape-growing  sec- 
N^l  ^  lion  is  the  culmination  of  the  whole  year.  Through  the  swift 
JL  march  of  golden  days  about  the  circuit  of  the  almanac  the  fruit 
rancher  guides,  aids  and  watches  the  vines.  When  the  last  brown 
leaves  have  fallen  in  sunny  December  the  process  of  pruning  begins. 
Denuded  of  its  foliage  the  many  arms  of  the  vine  sprawl  from  a  central 
stump  over  the  ground,  in  crude  resemblance  to  some  uncouth  sea  deni- 
zen. With  pruning  shears  and  saw  the  rancher  removes  the  tentacle- 
like branches,  leaving  from  ten  inches  to  a  foot  and  a  half  of  knobby 
stump  (according  to  the  age  of  the  vine  and  mode  of  pruning)  rising 
from  the  broken  surface  of  the  ground.  The  acres  of  pruned  vineyard 
present  rather  the  appearance  of  acres  of  knotted  sticks  set  twelve  feet 
apart  in  rows  of  mathematical  exactness.  A  man  can  ordinarily  prune 
an  acre  a  day. 

Then  come  the  winter  rains  ;  a  week  of  sunshine,  then  a  day  or  two 
of  uncertain  weather  opening  with  a  sharp  drive  of  pelting  raindrops  ; 
the  chasing,  frolicking  clouds  letting  a  patch  of  sunshine  through  on 
distant  hill  or  adjacent  field.  It  spreads,  narrows,  and  may  enwrap  you 
for  a  moment  in  a  yellow  warmth,  and  then  is  blotted  out  bj'^  a  low, 
scudding  cloud. 

This  for  a  day — rain  in  patches,  in  flurries,  in  mists,  in  a  soft,  settling 
fineness  that  will  hardly  keep  you  in  doors,  with  singing  birds  and  nod- 
ding, beckoning  flowers  without.  Then  perhaps  for  a  night  a  settled 
downpour,  swishing  and  singing  round  the  corners,  running  in  rivulets 
through  the  groves  and  vineyards.  Following  this,  another  week  or  so 
of  warm,  clear  brightness  that  dries  upon  the  soaked  soil  a  hard  crust, 
and  coaxes  the  germs  of  wild  flowers  up  and  over  every  spot  in  beds  of 
bloom,  tinting  the  hills,  the  roadside,  the  vineyards  in  rainbow  hues. 
But  these  fragile  beauties  of  exquisite  daintiness  are  weeds,  and  out 
comes  the  cultivator.  Up  and  down  the  long  rows  brown  furrows  cut 
through  masses  of  pink,  lavender  and  the  gold  of  poppies,  until  all  is 
again  a  chocolate  stretch  of  powdered  soil.  This  also  prevents  the 
baking,  so  that  the  next  rain  will  soak  into  the  earth  and  not  run  of  Hhe 
hard  surface  into  useless  guUeys.  This  process  is  continued  after  every 
rain  until  the  month  of  May,  when  the  rainy  season  is  practically  over. 
Hoeing  and  suckering  are  then  to  be  done. 

The  brightness  of  wild  verdure  fades  gently  into  soft  tans  and^browns, 
the  deciduous  trees  don  the  mantle  of  green,  and  the  dreamy,  sunlit 
summer  broods  over  the  land,  the  days  like  jewels  slipping  through  her 
hands,  an  unvarying  chain,  soft,  warm  and  opalescent. 

Then  in  September  when  the  days  are  mellowest,  the  sky  is  deepest, 
the  leaves  are  rustling  ripely,  and  the  amber  bunches  of  the  muscatel 
hang  heavy  and  rich  from  the  bending,  creeping  branches  ;  when  culti- 
vation has  long  ceased  and  the  reaching  vines  meet  and  twist  in  a  tangle 
across  the  aisles  —  then  the  raisin-making  begins. 

Into  the  section  from  all  directions  come  men,  singly,  by  twos  and 
threes,  or  in  gangs,  whites,  Mexicans,  Indians ;  men  of  many  nation- 
alities and  walks  of  life.  On  all  the  ranches  preparation  is  active.  At 
the  larger  ones  where  the  acres  are  numbered  by  hundreds,  and  the  dried 
product  is  graded  and  packed  upon  the  ranch,  the  machinery  is  being 
overhauled,  busy  hammers  are  nailing  together  the  boxes  for  the  pack- 
ing, tents  are  erected  along  the  roadsides  ;  and  everywhere  wagon-loads 
of  trays  are  being  distributed  down  the  long  aisles  between  the  rows  of 
vines. 

One  morning  you  arise  to  find  a  camp  of  Mexicans  at  your  gate.  In 
the  early  light  they  file  past  the  house,  a  swathy,  undersized  race  with 
glittering  eyes  and   soft,  voluble  utterance.      Later,  when  the  "high 


THE   RAISIN-MAKING. 


19 


^yvr-«"-"' 


20  LAND    OF   SUNSHINE. 

fog  "  has  dissolved  save  for  some  clinging  whisps  and  fragments  caught 
like  down  upon  the  rockj^^  hillsides,  you  go  down  into  the  vineyard.  The 
gang  moves  in  a  bunch,  clipping  oiF  the  translucent  clusters  of  Musca- 
tels, arranging  them  upon  the  trays  to  shrink  and  shrivel  under  the  rays 
of  the  sun  into  the  concentrated  delicacy  we  know.  Behind  them  the 
lines  of  trays  lie,  a  basking  array  of  shimmering  fruit,  and  someone  in- 
terested is  shoving  the  clusters  together,  that  the  tray  shall  be  honestly 
filled,  for  the  workers  are  paid  by  the  tray. 

On  your  return  you  perhaps  plod  through  a  few  acres  of  orange  grove 
—  for  a  fruit  ranch  is  seldom  exclusively  vineyard  —  and  visit  the  camp 
under  the  cypress  along  the  road.  A  few  Mexican  women  are  busy  pre- 
paring the  noonday  meal,  chopping  huge  joints  apart  with  an  axe, 
stirring  the  gypsy  kettle  resting  upon  stones  over  an  open  fire,  jerking 
scrambling  youngsters  from  under  the  feet  of  the  horses  and  mules 
staked  the  other  vside  of  the  road.  You  may  hold  a  limited  conversation 
with  one  of  the  younger  women  as  she  sits  combing  her  hair — the  princi- 
pal amusement  of  the  Indian  and  Mexican  women — the  older  ones 
would  not  understand  should  you  speak  to  them. 

After  two  weeks'  exposure  to  the  dry  heat  the  filled  trays  are  ready  to 
be  turned  so  that  the  grape  may  be  cured  evenly.  This  is  accomplished 
by  two  men,  one  on  either  side,  placing  an  empty  tray  over  the  full  one, 
dexterously  reversing  it,  then,  carrying  the  upper  one  with  them,  repeat- 
ing the  process  on  down  the  row.  It  is  at  this  stage  in  the  curing  that 
the  grape  is  most  delectable. 

The  amber  is  changing  through  ruddy  stages  to  amethyst,  and  the 
sun-warmed  balls  are  drops  of  honey — double-distilled,  so  sweet  they 
make  you  long  with  a  great  thirst  for  the  red  water-tank  shimmering  in 
the  sunlight  forty  acres  away  ;  but  you  must  eat  and  eat,  and  go  on  eat- 
ing even  while  your  palate  is  cloying  with  the  sweetness. 

In  another  week  the  dried  grapes  are  ready  for  the  sweat  boxes.  These 
wide,  open  boxes  contain  from  150  to  160  pounds,  and  as  the  raisins  be- 
come sufficiently  cured  they  are  sorted  from  the  others  and  placed  there- 
in, the  large,  perfect  clusters  and  the  inferior,  broken  pieces  in  separate 
boxes.  These  are  usually  carried  to  a  sweating-house,  a  closed  structure, 
in  which  they  soften  and  moisten  evenly,  the  drying  having  made  the 
stems  exceedingly  brittle  ;  or  simply  stacked  in  one  corner  of  the  pack- 
ing-house to  await  the  grading  and  packing. 

At  this  season  of  the  year  rain  is  possible,  and  one  of  the  unpleasant 
features  of  the  business  is  a  midnight  turning  out  of  all  hands  to  stack 
the  trays,  with  imminent  showers  overhead,  and  perhaps  a  thorough 
drenching  before  the  finishing.  This  also  involves  the  extra  labor  of  a 
respreading  of  trays  when  the  sun  again  comes  forth. 

There  is  after  the  first  gathering  always  a  second  crop  which  was  too 
green  for  curing  at  the  time  of  the  first.  This  is  usually  made  into  wine 
or  vinegar,  or  left  hanging  on  the  vines.  At  the  time  of  its  ripening  the 
sun's  heat  is  not  sufficient  to  transform  it  into  raisins. 

Every  ranch  of  any  considerable  size  has  its  own  packing-house  and 
grading  machinery,  but  there  are  several  such  institutions  in  the  section 
to  which  smaller  landowners  take  their  product.  The  raisins  destined  to 
be  "loose  muscatels"  go  first  through  the  stemmer,  a  machine  in  which 
the  stems,  bits  of  leaves,  etc. ,  are  separated  from  the  fruit ;  then  the 
grader  swallows  them,  and  shaking  and  bobbing  through  successive 
sieves  they  finally  emerge  in  neatly  assorted  heaps  as  seedless,  two, 
three,  and  four  crown  loose  muscatels.  Thence  they  are  boxed  and  la- 
beled, ready  for  shipment. 

The  layers  pass  into  the  nimble  fingers  of  a  room  full  of  girls,  who  se- 
lect, snip  imperfect  raisins  and  superfluous  stems  from  the  bunches,  and 
arrange  them  in  forms  holding  five  pounds.  Four  of  these  are  a  series 
filling  a  twenty-pound  box,  the  first  three  simply  wrapped  in  white  or 
blue  paper  ;  the  top,  the  most  carefully  arranged,  folded  in  a  wrapper, 


THE   HAPPY   HUNTING   GROUND.  21 

resplendent  with  pictures,  and  bearing  the  brand  of  the  raisin.  The  four 
are  successively  pressed  by  machinery  into  the  box,  which  is  then  vari- 
ously labeled  Layers,  lyondon  Layers,  Clusters,  Two  or  Three  Crown 
Layers,  as  the  case  may  be,  and  stacked  away  awaiting  the  final  venture 
so  vital  to  the  rancher,  the  shipping  into  the  land  of  the  commission 
man,  the  wholesaler,  the  retailer  and  the  consumer. 

The  characteristic  scenes,  accompaniments  of  the  season,  are  novel  and 
interesting  to  the  new  comer.  Driving  down  a  palm-bordered  road 
with  limitiess  stretches  of  green  bushes  on  either  hand,  knots  _  f  blue- 
clad  men  stooping  and  rising  from  the  billowy  mass,  the  faint  sound  of 
their  voices,  and  occasional  bird-pipe  breaking  through  the  sunlit  silence 
of  the  pure,  raisin-scented  air,  you  stop  before  a  cluster  of  packing- 
houses at  a  cross  road,  where  the  rumble  and  crash  of  machinery  and 
busy  pufif  of  engine  rise  in  a  cheerful  din. 

Across  the  road  under  the  drooping,  berry-hung  pepper  branches  some 
Indian  women  sit  before  their  very  primitive  camp,  combing  their  hair, 
and  perhaps  a  few  unemployed  men  are  gambling  absorbedly  near  them. 
You  enter  the  packing-room  and  watch  the  deftly-working  girls  at  the 
long  tables,  an  impression  of  tanned  faces,  bright  eyes  and  nimble  ton- 
gues, with  a  sweet  heavy  odor  of  raisins  greeting  you.  There  will  be  a 
sprinkling  of  Mexican  girls,  but  the  majority  are  daughters  of  the  sec- 
tion, Americans,  friends  and  neighbors. 

At  the  end  of  the  season  the  floating  population,  principally  Mexican 
and  Indian,  have  a  ball  and  general  **good  time."  This  will  end  in 
more  or  less  drinking,  some  "cutting"  and  a  dispersing  until  the  next 
September.  The  residents  breathe  a  sigh  of  relief  when  the  demonstra- 
tion is  past,  and  Nature  and  people  relapse  into  the  quiet  even  tenor  of 
their  ways. 

El  C»}on,  Cal. 


'  The  Happy  Hunting  Ground. 

A  PIUTE  DOCTRINE. 

BY  IDAH   MBACHAM   STROBRrDCE. 

\  @\HERE  Piutey  go  when  them  git  dead  ?  I  no  know.  I 
\]\/  never  see.  I  just  hear  somebody  talk  ;  tell  um  what 
*  *  kind  'nother  place  he  go  bime  by  when  he  heap  git 
die.  That's  all.  I  never  not  see  that  place.  Who  tell  um 
me  ?  Oh,  that  dead  men  sometimes  he  come  back,  he  talk. 
Him  come  in  the  night ;  in  night  time  him  come.  That's  way 
he  do.     Just  night. 

Well,  this  way  :  over  there  pretty  far  up  in  sky  somewhere 
— pretty  long  far — is  big  country.  Heap  good  country.  Lots 
rivers.  River  all  got  um  fish.  All  kind  Piutey  fish.  Trout 
— chub  ;  that  kind.  No  got  carp.  Piutey  no  like  um  that 
kind.  No  got  um  that  kind  in  that  'nother  country.  I^ots 
creeks  ;  lots  rivers.  High  mountain  ;  good  many  big — high  ! 
Plenty  deer — antelope — mountain  sheep.  Lots.  Lots  rabbits 
too.  Good  place  for  hunt ;  can  hunt  all  time,  never  no  kill  um 
all,  everything. 

Lots  grass,  tules ;  trees  ;  all  that  kind  thing.  Lots  good 
flowers.  No  got  ranch  there  that  white  man  ;  no  white  men 
come  that  place.     No  fence  ;  no  house  ;  no  that   way.     Just 


22  LAND   OF  SUNSHINE. 

good  country,  that'vS  all.  No  alkali  flats  ;  no  got  nothin'  bad. 
Just  good  all  time  ;  just  good  thing. 

Nobody  fight ;  men  lie  no  never  die.  No  never  lie — steal — 
no  git  mad.  Men  he  no  git  drunk  ;  no  git  tired.  Him  never 
work  ;  never.  Just  smoke — catch  um  fish — plenty  dance — 
shoot  um  deer  ;  that  's  all,  you  know.  Sometimes  have  big 
hunt  ;  heap  big  hunt ;  sometimes  have  heap  big  dance.  Git 
um  pine  nuts  up  in  mountain. 

When  Piutey  die  he  git  go  that  country  pretty  quick.  'Bout 
one  night,  all  'lone,  he  go.  He  fly,  go  there.  He  git  that 
country  he  quit  fly,  he  walk  ;  just  walk  then.  Clothes?  No, 
he  no  take  clothes  when  he  leave  here — just  take  hat,  that  's 
all.     May  be. 

Over  there  that  country  he  wear  buckskin  clothes  ;  wimin 
too  wear  um.  Plenty  beads  ;  moccasins  too.  Got  um  good 
moccasin.  All  men — all  that  wimin  wear  hair  heap  long.  All 
um  got  long  hair.  Everybody  he  paint  um  face.  Chief,  them 
got  some  feather  in  hair.  No  got  hat,  them  chief.  Chiefs 
them  got  more  better  things  than  other  Piutey.  Them  got 
um  four — may  be  five  wives.  'Nother  Piutey  got  just  one 
wife ;  that's  all. 

When  die — when  go  to  that  country — everybody  git  be 
young  men,  young  wimin  again.  Everybody  young  man  ; 
everybody  young  wimin.  Everybody,  he  young.  How  that 
way  ?  I  no  know.  Just  that  way  ;  that  what  I  think.  Maybe 
old  men  he  die  here  ;  he  git  go  that  'nother  country,  quick — 
heap  quick — right  away  he  git  to  be  young  man  again.  That  's 
good,  I  think.  Never  git  tired.  Boy — girl — little  papoose, 
he  die  here  this  country,  he  git  go  that  other  place  1  e  big  men 
— big  wimin  right  away  pretty  quick.  He  never  stay  children 
that  place.  No  children  there.  No  grow  slow  like  here.  No 
that  way.  Grow  git  big  one  day.  One.  day  he  git  big  wimin 
— big  men  when  he  die.  Children  he  die — old  men  he  die, 
just  same  ;  when  he  git  go  that  country  he  be  young  men — 
young  wimin.  Never  no  old  men — no  children  live  there. 
Just  be  young  all  time  ;  all  time  he  young.  That  's  way  he 
do,  stay  young  all  time. 

Never  go  'way  ;  just  live  there  all  time.  All  time.  All 
time.  You  sade  that  ?  Not  same  like  here.  Never  die.  That 
place  he  never  git  die  ;  he  never  quit,  never,  I  no  know  how 
he  fix  um  that  way  never  quit.  He  just  do  that  way  ;  never 
no  more  die. 

Men  go  that  pretty  far  country  he  find  um  all  family  pretty 
quick.  Father,  mother,  children,  all  um  he  find  um.  He  find 
um  there  right  away.  Got  um  camp  all  together  just  same 
like  here. 

Got  one  big  boss  that  country.  I  guess  he  that  same  old 
man  I  tell  you  'bout.     The  old  man  first  he  father  everybody 


THE   HAPPY   HUNTING    GROUND.  23 

b'long  Piutey  and  Bannock.  Him  big  boss.  Big  chief.  Him 
take  care  all  them  Injins. 

That  country  b'long  to  all  kind  Injins?  No  ;  that  just  for 
Piutey — for  just  Bannock — some  Shoshone,  may  be.  Piutey 
let  them  Shoshone  stay  there.  All  other  kind  Injin — all  white 
men  stay  outside  that  country.  They  live  far  over  by  the 
edge  of  that  place.  No  can  come  inside  that  good  country  in 
where  Piutey  and  Bannock  live. 

White  men  live  close  ?  Yas.  That  what  I  think.  That 
what  other  Piutey  tell  um  me.  White  men  no  live  inside;  just 
out  by  the  edge.  I  guess  so.  You  sabe  this  ?  White  men 
may  be  he  die  ;  he  got  git  go  somewhere.  Where  he  go  ?  I 
think  he  go  that  same  place  by  the  outside.  Not  inside  where 
Piutey  stay  ;  not  there — just  outside.  Rabbit — horse — deer — 
everything  he  git  go  somewhere  when  he  die.  Him  all  go  to 
that  other  country  I  guess.  I  just  think  so.  Piutey  live  In- 
side by  middle  that  place.  Deer — horse — rabbit — Bannock 
Injin  too  ;  may  be  some  Shoshone  live  inside.  All  um  other 
kind — 'nother  kind  Injin,  white  men  all  live  just  by  outside. 

That  good  place.  Heap  good.  You  bet !  Everything  git 
new  all  time.  Nothin'  never  git  be  old.  Everything  plenty  ; 
plenty  everything  all  time.  Everybody  got  good  horse.  Heap 
good  ;  gentle.     Horse  that  kind  run  fast;  no  buck. 

No,  no  use  um  money  that  place.  Nobody  come  find  um 
gold  rocks  in  mountain.  Not  that  way  do  there.  That  way 
no  good.  Nobody  rich  that  country — nobody  that  countr3'  be 
poor.  Just  got  'nough ;  that  's  all.  Just  got  'nough.  No 
work  ;  just  have  good  time.  Everybody  got  just  same  kind 
everything.  May  be  chief  got  some  little  more  ;  just  chief. 
That  's  way  do  that  place. 

All  um  live  in  wick-ee-up  same  like  here.  All  um  use  bow 
— arrow  ;  just  same  like  long  time  ago.  No  use  um  gun  no 
more.     Never. 

Piutey  over  by  inside  that  country  he  git  white  skin  all  time. 
Just  same  like  white  men.  That  's  way  he  look  when  he  git 
die. 

Wear  um  clothes  white  men  kind  there  ?  May  be  some  he 
do  that  way.  Not  all.  Some  he  do.  Some  he  no  wear  um. 
Do  just  what  way  he  like  when  he  go  there.  That 's  way  he 
do. 

May  be  Injin  live  pretty  close  by  that  edge  where  white 
men  live,  he  wear  um  that  kind  clothes.  May  be  he  live  in 
middle  that  good  place  where  all  um  Piutey  live,  there  that 
place  he  no  wear  um.  That  's  way,  I  think.  Out  edge  that 
place  close  by  white  men,  there  find  um  knife — pan — clothes — 
plenty  thing,  all  same  white  men  make  um.  'Nother  Piutey 
no  use  um.  'Nother  Piutey  just  got  um  buckskin  clothes — 
beads — that  kind  things;  all  same  Injin  make  um. 


24  LAND   OF  SUNSHINE. 

Never  eat  white  men  grub,  same  way  like  lie  do  here.  Never. 
Just  eat  Injin  grub.    That  's  way  he  do  when  die. 

Got  um  all  summer — all  same  winter  ?  You  bet  !  Just  same 
kind  like  here.     Winter,  summer  ;  day,  night.    All  same. 

How  I  know  that  way  ?  My  father  tell  um  me.  Who  tell 
um  my  father  ?  Oh,  I  guess  grandfather.  How  he  know  ? 
I  no  know.  I  just  think  this  way  ;  dead  men — dead  wimin 
come  back  when  dark,  tell  um  'bout  that  kind  place.  No,  I 
never  see  dead  men  come  talk.  I  never  see.  Plenty  old  men 
see  ;  plenty  old  men  tell  um  me.  Dead  men  sometimes  come 
when  dark  ;  come  talk  that  kind.  He  come  just  when  night ; 
never  come  when  day.  Just  come  look  'round,  see  how  this 
country  look.  He  no  stay  here.  Just  dark  night  he  come  ; 
go  back  pretty  quick. 

No,  he  no  like  this  country  no  more  when  he  git  die.  That 
'nother  kind  place  more  better.  Heap  good.  By  that  'nother 
country  everybody  go  bime  by.  Everybody  stay  there  then. 
This  place  burn  up  when  everybody  git  go  'way.  That  's 
what  I  think.  Everybody  git  go  to  that  'nother  country,  stay 
all  time.  Stay  there  live  all  time.  Never  git  die.  Never. 
All  time  stay  there.  That  's  what  I  think.  Old  men  tell  um 
me  that  way. 

Hamboldt,  Nevada. 


Italy  and     Our  Italy. 

BY  GRACE  ELLERY  CHANNING. 

^QHE  patriotic  American  feels  an  instinctive  aversion 
~  for  the  voluntarily  expatriated  /.merican,  and  as  a 
class  the  expatriated  justifies  hi-  countryman's  con- 
tempt. Where  he  has  sought  Europe  only  as  an 
exemption  from  home  cares  and  burdens  and  re- 
mains to  turn  life  into  a  lazy  holiday,  he  commonly 
becomes,  as  one  of  the  "American  colony"  that 
infests  the  larger  European  cities,  a  thing  to  be 
avoided  like  the  cholera  ;  like  the  cholera,  too,  a 
thing  his  country  can  spare. 
These,  however,  are  the  loafers  ;  there  is  another  class — students  and 
workers — who  fall  equally  under  the  spell  of  European  life.  Whether 
these  linger  under  that  spell  fighting  with  tender  consciences  or  come 
home  to  fight  it  out  with  harsh  circumstance,  they  are  equally  doomed 
to  homesickness — over  there  for  the  home  ;  over  here  for  the  life. 

To  those  who  have  known  only  our  East,  with  its  impossible  climate, 
its  conventions  born  of  a  life  rigidly  circumscribed  by  nature  and  as 
rigidly  reacting  upon  the  intellectual  and  moral  atmosphere,  Europe 
must  ever  remain  the  worker's  playground — that  is  to  say  the  place 
where  he  can  work.  But  to  those  of  us  who  have  been  born  to,  achieved 
or  had  thrust  upon  us  by  accident  of  illness  the  pleasure-ground  and 
garden  of  the  world,  it  is  a  miserable,  and  seems  at  first  an  indefensible, 
thing  to  be  forever  gazing  •'  with  reverted  eyes"  toward  the  unhopeful 
lands  of  an  elder  day. 

Why  is  it  that  we  do  ?  And  need  we  ? 

Two  things  draw  the  student  and  worker  irresistibly  to  Europe :  the 


ITALY   AND    "OUR    ITALY."  25 

economy  of  life,  the  pleasure  of  life  ;  economy  of  life  in  its  larger  sense, 
pleasure  of  life  in  its  deepest. 

What  Europe  is  to  the  wealthy  tourist  and  millionaire  is  of  no  conse- 
quence. They  may  find  it  pleasant ;  they  certainly  do  not  find  it  cheap. 
But  the  millionaire  and  the  wealthy  tourist  are  inconsiderable  factors  in 
the  sum  of  life ;  they  construct  for  themselves  exceptional  conditions 
wherever  they  go,  and  with  these  we  have  nothing  to  do  until  we — for 
our  sins — become  millionaires  or  wealthy  tourists  ourselves.  The  mass 
— even  of  travelling  mankind — is  still  neither  the  one  nor  the  other.  I 
do  not  think  even  the  resident  finds  Europe  cheap  ;  for  he  is  taxed  out 
of  his  peace  of  mind  as  well  as  his  income,  his  last  earthly  possession, 
and  even  his  salt,  and  sometimes  they  tax  his  taxes.  Why  then  is  it  so 
cheap,  so  desirable,  so  beguiling  for  the  worker  in  a  score  of  lines,  so 
restful  for  the  tired  in  any  ? 

Dr.  Weir  Mitchell,  in  *'  Wear  and  Tear,"  notes  the  fact  that  the  brain 
worker  accomplishes  more  with  less  expenditure  in  Europe  than  in 
America,  and  any  student  will  tell  you  the  same  of  his  own  experience. 
" I  accomplish  so  much  more  abroad!"  "It  is  so  much  easier  to  work 
over  there  !"  Dr.  Mitchell,  not  unnaturally,  from  the  standpoint  of  the 
Eastern  States,  concludes  that  the  difference  is  climatic ;  but  we  who 
have  tried  the  West  must  admit,  if  honest,  that  there  is  still  a  balance 
in  favor  of  Europe,  and  we  know  it  is  not  climatic  ! 

What  is  it? 

It  is  because  of  the  stupidity  of  our  manner  of  life,  mainly.  Leaving 
aside  the  obvious  aids  to  special  work,  in  the  presence  of  great  libraries, 
schools  of  scientific  research  and  training  for  the  special  student ;  in  the 
facilities  for  the  study  of  the  Arts,  wherein  we  mutt  continue  to  be  at  a 
disadvantage  for  a  period  of  growth  ;  leaving  out  all  that  is  inimitable, 
the  monuments  of  art,  the  vast  collections,  the  great  galleries,  and  (what 
follows  as  a  corollary)  the  trained  public  which  is  in  itself  an  education 
to  the  student,  there  remains  a  whole  field  of  stupid  differences  which 
we  are  wilfully  fostering  and  increasing,  to  our  unmeasured  loss  and 
injury. 

For  it  is  not  only  the  student ;  him  we  might  cheerfully  allow  to  go 
abroad  for  the  special  course  the  ages  have  been  preparing  for  him  ;  it  is 
the  worker  of  limited  purse,  but  not  unlimited  strength  or  time,  seeing 
that  he  can  count  on  but  one  lifetime  on  the  planet,  who  after  wrestling 
fiercely  or  doggedly  with  conditions  here,  sooner  or  later  finds  himself 
sighing  for  a  few  years  of  European  life  to  work  in. 

We  do  not,  after  all,  spend  the  major  part  of  our  lives,  even  in  Europe, 
in  galleries  or  libraries  or  in  contemplating  "  monuments  ;"  it  is  not 
these  things  which  make  life  abroad  so  fascinating,  potent  though  they 
are  ;  it  is  largely  the  absence  of  the  tyranny  of  things,  that  is  to  say,  the 
cheapness  and  the  ease  of  living.     This,  and  the  outdoor  life. 

That  any  dweller  in  Southern  California  should  have  to  look  wistfully 
back  to  Europe  for  an  out-door  life ! 

Leaving  aside,  so  far  as  it  is  possible  to  disentangle  such  interwoven 
elements,  the  ease  and  the  cheapness,  let  us  consider  this  one  question 
of  the  out-of-doorness  of  Europe  compared  with  this  land  of  out-of- 
doors  ! 

Italy  is  the  country  most  nearly  resembling  "  Our  Italy  " — with  the 
possible  exception  of  Spain.  Tuscany  is  very  like  Southern  California ; 
the  Val  d'Arno  very  like  the  San  Gabriel  Valley  ;  but  shall  we  say  that 
Florence  is  very  like  Los  Angeles  ?  Yet,  associations  aside — Los  An- 
geles ought  to  be  more  beautiful  than  Florence  ;  Nature  is  on  her  side. 
And  Los  Angeles  has  her  Past,  to  which  she  owes  most  of  the  beauty 
and  charm  she  does  possess. 

But  consider  Los  Angeles — the  "  Electric  City" — from  the  out-door 
point  of  view.  Noble  parks  we  are  making — it  is  perhaps  the  best  we 
are  making — but  for  practical  purposes  the  little  Plaza  in  the  heart  of 


26  LAND    OF  SUNSHINE. 

the  city  is  worth  them  all,  and  the  Plaza  is  a  legacy  from  the  Spaniard. 
No  provision  for  out-door  life  is  complete  which  does  not  provide  for  it 
on  the  spot,  in  the  heart  of  the  busy  places.  Little  gardens,  into  which 
the  man  or  woman  with  half  an  hour  to  waste  (or  save)  may  drop, 
fulfil  a  need  no  distant  park,  however  splendid  or  beautiful,  can  meet. 
To  the  one  he  may  make  an  excursion  twice  or  thrice  a  year ;  the  other 
he  has  joy  of  daily,  whether  he  rests  there  or  merely  passes  it  in  his 
frenzied  American  hurry  to  get  somewhere. 

There  is  no  European  city,  town  or  village  so  poor  but  it  has  its  pub- 
lic squares,  its  little  parks  as  well  as  its  great  ones,  its  promenades,  its 
bands,  its  caf^s,  beer-gardens,  music  halls — centers,  all  of  them,  of  social 
life  which  every  tourist  enters  into  delightedly  over  there.  And  with 
reason.  It  is  not  the  people  we  know  who  minister  most  to  us  ;  it  is 
also  the  people  we  do  not  know,  need  not  know,  would  not  know  if  we 
could  ;  it  is  the  spectacle  of  mankind,  at  which  we  are  spectators. 
Thinkers,  students,  artists,  have  always  therefore  loved  the  city  streets 
when  no  better  might  be.  For  this  reason  Victor  Hugo  rode  his  Paris 
omnibus,  and  one  might  still  see — till  recently — the  solitary  Ibsen  at 
the  same  table  of  the  same  caf6  every  day,  at  the  same  hour,  drinking 
his  coffee  and  casting  over  the  top  of  his  paper  shrewd  glances  at  the 
students,  professors,  foreigners — the  learned  and  the  unlearned — about 
him. 

Abroad,  the  business-man,  the  professor,  the  student,  the  house- 
mother, the  artist,  all  drop  into  the  garden  or  out-door  cafe  in  the  after- 
noon, and  their  band  plays,  or  they  play  billiards;  or  they  talk  and  visit; 
or  they  watch  and  rest.  True,  the  great  gallery  and  the  library  are  open 
also ;  but  you  will  find  your  distinguished  artist  and  your  eminent 
writer  in  neither.  He  has  worked  in  his  shop  all  the  morning  ;  he  is 
playing  now.     And  he  has  so  many  choices  of  places  to  play  in  ! 

Here,  if  we  are  in  search  of  diversion  we  have  a  choice  of  shopping 
or  putting  on  our  best  bonnets  and  gloves  and  "calling  "  on  our  ac- 
quaintance. Indoor  sport,  for  those  who  have  a  taste  for  it !  If  we 
bicycle,  we  may  indeed  spin  into  the  country,  and  life  is  by  so  much 
the  more  rich  since  the  wheel  was  invented  ;  but  there  are  times  when 
the  tired  brain  is  more  refreshed  by  a  change  of  thought  than  by  even 
a  change  of  scene. 

We  have  no  simple  pleasures.  Individually,  w*.  may  have,  but  collec- 
tively we  have  not.  The  American  is  socially  timid.  He  will  get  dol- 
lars' worth  of  pleasure  for  his  franc  in  some  simple  pleasure  abroad,  but 
over  here  he  dare  not  go  where  he  is  not  sure  his  world  goes.  Therefore 
his  world  never  does  go. 

And  with  what  have  we  replaced  the  bier-gar  ten  and  caf^,  the  open-air 
concert  and  promenade  of  other  lands?  In  the  most  out-of-door  climate 
in  the  world,  what  form  of  social  enjoyment  has  the  genius  of  the 
Anglo-Saxon  wrought  out  for  himself?  The  social  columns  reply  :  the 
after-noon  **  Tea  "  and  card-party  !  The  flower  of  Southern  Californian 
society  gets  together  to  gamble  for  cut-glass  bon-bon  dishes  and  hand- 
painted  ash-trays — not  now  and  again,  but  every  day  in  the  week,  and 
month  after  month. 

"I  suppose  "  said  a  wondering  visitor  from  the  Kast,  ** it  is  a  survival 
of  the  early  gambling  days  and  mining  camps." 

Unluckily,  the  gamblers  are  from  the  Kast. 

In  addition  there  exist  sundry  clubs  for  the  study  of  Ruskin,  Brown- 
ing, Bmerson,  Shakespeare— that  is  to  say,  all  the  out-door  poets  and 
philosophers.  Indoors  we  read  of  the  "  wise  thrush  who  sings  his  song 
twice  over  "  and  all  the  **  banks  where  the  wild  thyme  grows,"  while 
on  our  wide  mesas  the  larks  are  singing  unheard,  and  on  our  arroyo 
banks  the  yellow  violets  "  take  the  winds  of  March  with  beauty." 
The  whole  intelligence  of  our  imported  population  has  arrived  at 
nothing  more  original,  suitable  and  fit  than  the  importation  of  their 


ITALY  AND    "OUR    ITALY."  27 

winter-bound  and  frost-nipped  pleasures  too ;  the  pinchbeck  of  pale 
Eastern  gold — the  echo  of  Eastern  society  without  the  special  culture, 
fruit  of  its  special  conditions,  which  made  that  tolerable. 

These  deplorable  social  conditions  are  written  so  that  he  who  wheels 
may  read,  in  the  large  print  of  architecture.  For  the  old  Spanish  ranch 
house,  with  its  patio  and  cloistered  porches  for  the  family  life,  what  do 
we  find?  "Suburban"  residences;  sea-side  cottages  twenty-five  miles 
from  the  sea,  roofs  for  shedding  snow  under  the  orange  trees,  the  houses 
of  the  arctic  East  transplanted  bodily  to  a  semi-tropical  climate.  Or  we 
find  the  faithful  effort  of  an  architect  with  a  conscience — a  Moorish  or 
Spanish  model  answering  to  the  skies  and  air  of  an  answering  land — 
planted  squarely  on  an  Eastern  lawn,  separated  from  the  public  street  by 
an  inch  of  "coping"  and  from  the  neighbors  by  nothing.  Homes,  that 
is  to  say,  in  which  the  only  possible  home-like  is  within  the  walls  ;  the 
only  possible  family-life  as  much  doomed  to  indoorness  by  the  inexora- 
ble architectural  fact  as  by  the  Eastern  fact  of  climate. 

No  English  seclusion  of  stone- wall,  even,  or  tree-y  park ;  no  Italian 
bosky  thicket  or  terraced  garden  with  paths  for  love  to  wander  in,  and 
sweet  sunny  spaces  for  little  children  to  grow  happy  in  ;  no  nooks  for  the 
student,  vistas  for  the  artist,  withdrawn  places  where  the  tired  may  relax 
or  the  busy  labor,  within  the  sane  influences  of  sun  and  air. 

For  what  then,  in  the  name  of  reason,  do  our  people  forsake  the  East 
with  all  that  the  young  West  cannot  yet  have,  if  not  for  the  things  which 
she  has  and  the  East  can  never  know  ? 

Did  we  conquer  the  Spaniard  and  cannot  even  reap  our  fruit  of  con- 
quest ?  Are  we  ourselves  to  be  conquered  by  our  own  traditions — a  sight 
for  all  the  world  to  wonder  at  and  laugh  ?  Those  of  us  who  had  the 
good  fortune  to  "  come  out,"  as  we  involuntarily  say,  even  fifteen  years 
ago  remember  the  gracious  traces  of  that  elder  day  we  supplanted,  and 
watch  with  a  contempt  which  it  is  not  even  a  courteous  duty  to  veil,  the 
travesty  of  social  life  which  has  supplanted  that.  We  feel  a  certain 
scorn,  however  pitiful,  for  the  nouveau  riche  hanging  his  costly  house 
with  chromos  and  lining  his  library  bookshelves  with  false  bindings  ;  is 
it  any  less  an  advertisement  of  one's  ignorance  or  scant  culture  when  as 
the  nouveau  riche  in  climate  we  mistake  the  semi-tropical  for  the  frigid 
and  hang  upon  it  the  unbefitting,  valueless  architecture  and  entertain- 
ment, costume  and  custom  of  alien  climes  ? 

No  peasant  in  Europe  would  err  so  grossly.  Dwellers  in  the  close 
cities  must  depend  much  upon  their  public  squares,  gardens  and  promen- 
ades, but  they  will  have  outdoor  life,  every  available  inch  of  it.  The 
caf^  lines  the  sidewalk,  and  the  populace  steps  cheerfully  around  it ;  the 
poorest  worker  draws  his  work  to  the  doorsill. 

Besides  all  this  provision,  in  Italy,  for  public  outdoor  life,  there  exists 
everywhere  the  provision  for  outdoor  life  in  seclusion.  It  is  not  only 
the  great  villas  and  palaces  which  have  their  wall-surrounded,  terraced 
and  fountained  gardens,  with  stone  seats  and  tables,  where  the  after- 
dinner  coffee  is  served  as  a  matter  of  course  and  common  sense,  when- 
ever the  sunset  or  moon  rise  most  invite ;  it  is  the  tiniest,  squalidest 
home  which  may  possess  its  paradise  too. 

Enter  the  narrow  dwelling  of  the  fisherman  or  straw-worker — the  poor- 
est of  the  poor — follow  the  bare  passage  to  the  end,  and  nine  times  out 
of  a  Tuscan  ten  you  will  emerge  in  an  enchanting  garden,  walled  in, 
with  its  tiny,  trellised  arbour,  its  tree  or  two,  its  flowers  and  seats  ;  and 
here  the  family  washing,  the  family  eating,  the  family  industry  go  on — 
spinning,  sewing,  net-making,  straw- making— whatever  may  be  the 
form  of  industry  by  which  the  poorest  people  in  the  world  (next  to  the 
Irish  peasantry)  wring  their  scanty  living  from  the  earth — it  is  carried 
on  out  of  doors.  I  have  often  wondered  how  much  this  has  to  do  with 
the  nature  of  an  Italian,  who  carries  a  source  of  never-failing  sunshine 
in  his  heart  and  in  the  depths  of  his  saddened  eyes. 


28  LAND   OF  SUNSHINE. 

The  bare  houses,  without  ovens,  without  closets,  without  furnaces, 
without  bath-tubs,  without  any  modern  conveniences — they  are  not  made 
to  live  in  truly ;  but  the  Italian  does  not  expect  to  live  in  them.  They 
are  his  occasional  shelter  merely. 

We  claim  it  as  our  superiority  that  we  have  invented  the  home  ;  in  a 
sense — and  that  a  noble  one — I  believe  it  is  true  ;  but  the  Latin  might 
justly  retort  that  we  have  made  cages  of  our  homes.  If  within  our 
houses  the  h©me  life  reaches  a  higher  level  of  unity  and  tenderness  than 
elsewhere  (which  at  least  every  American  would  like  to  think)  it  is  with 
justice  urged  that  we  confine  it  within  those  walls.  For  an  American 
family  to  take  an  **  outing"  is  a  great  event ;  and  for  the  circle  of  which 
the  white-haired  grandparent  is  the  center  and  the  baby  the  circumfer- 
ence, one  must  look  in  German  gartens  or  Italian  and  French  gardens. 

The  climate  of  Germany  does  not  deter  its  dwellers  ;  the  tramontana 
of  Italy  works  no  ill  ;  and  coming  home  to  our  pale-cheeked  children, 
faded  women  and  tired  men,  our  furnace-heated  houses  (for  the  furnace 
is  beginning  to  decimate  Southern  California),  and  closed  windows,  one 
is  made  thoughtful.  The  Italian  notoriously  dies  of  consumption,  and 
the  New  Bnglander.  But  it  is  the  well-fed  New  Englander  in  his  hot- 
house against  the  ill-nourished,  the  well-nigh  starved,  Italian. 

What  ought  we  to  have  in  Southern  California — of  all  that  makes  Italy 
a  name  to  conjure  by  ?  Parks,  as  many  and  as  splendid  as  we  will,  but 
also  little  parks,  gardens,  coffee -gardens,  beer- gardens,  concert-gardens, 
and  gardens  in  our  homes.  Not  a  mere  patch  of  drenching  blue-grass 
over  which  the  hose  forever  weeps  and  on  which  no  child  may  run  nor 
elder  rest,  but  real  gardens  shut  in,  not  inhospitably  to  the  public  (for  we 
ourselves  are  the  public)  but  modestly,  as  we  shut  in  our  sleeping-rooms  for 
privacy  and  seclusion,  and  no  one  quarrels  with  us  therefore.  We  have 
as  much  right — the  poorest  and  the  richest  of  us — to  our  bit  of  out-door 
home  as  our  bit  of  in-door  home.  Finally,  let  us  have  our  out-door  pub- 
lic home,  too  ;  not  alone  the  Club  (though  there  is  nothing  against  that), 
but  the  out-door  pleasure  for  all ;  the  out-door  concert  of  the  best,  and 
the  out-door  cafe  and  garden — for  eating  and  drinking  are  social  in- 
stincts. An  Italian  will  spend  two  hours  over  his  modest  glass  of  red 
wine,  a  German  over  his  cup  of  coffee  or  stein  of  beer ;  it  is  reserved  for 
the  Englishman  and  American  "swilling"  his  mixed  drinks  to  make  a 
"  Temperance"  object-lesson  of  the  street. 

In  equipages  and  liveries  there  is  no  Eastern  city  but  can  outdo  us  ; 
even  the  flare  of  costumes  (made  by  Eastern  dressmakers  for  Eastern 
climates,  commonly)  is  cheaply  over-matched  in  Chicago  or  any  other 
town  ;  but  what  an  unmatched  pageant  of  life  there  might  be  here, 
would  man  (and  woman)  but  fit  himself  or  herself  ever  so  little  to  the 
environment!  Every  other  animal  is  modified  by  his  environment ;  only 
man  cherishes  the  hope  of  modifying  his  himself,  and  "right  now," 
while  he  is  waiting,  or  without  waiting. 

When  one  thinks  of  the  beauty  of  shade  and  sun,  of  garden  and 
grove,  of  park  aad  drive  and  promenade,  possible,  one  anticipates  the 
recording  angel's  tears.  Time  was  when  a  suburb  of  Los  Angeles,  then 
unknown  as  it  is  now  famous,  was  one  great  garden  in  itself ;  when  the 
avenues  of  shade,  orchards  of  splendid  fruit  and  bloom,  the  rose  gardens 
of  Persia,  and  all  the  song-birds  of  the  earth,  made  setting  for  tiny  half- 
Spanish  ranch  houses — homes  which  escaped  captives  of  the  East  in- 
habited when  they  must,  but  as  little  as  they  could  ;  when  horses  in  pic- 
turesque trappings  made  the  shady  avenues  picturesque  ;  when  the 
canons  and  mesas  were  as-  much  a  part  of  daily  life  as  the  front-parlor  ; 
when  life  was  like  a  dream  come  true,  and  there  was  no  reason  for  hop- 
ing to  die. 

And  now!  The  shade  trees  are  down — they  "littered  the  streets." 
Trees  have  not  the  first  notion  of  tidiness  !  The  ferny  pepper  is  gone — 
its  roots  "humped  up"  the  superior  asphalt,  whose  untempered  glare  and 


THE   KEEPER    OF   THE   CAMP,  29 

reflex  heat  now  make  pleasant  the  way  of  the  pedestrian — the  orange 
groves  are  suffered  to  die  of  neglect — there  is  "no  money"  in  them,  since 
land  became  worth  so  much  a  front  foot — and  the  horse  is  gone  with  the 
alfalfa  which  fed  him.  We  drive  now  (with  lireries)  or  wheel  ;  but  we 
do  not  have  the  old  roads  to  wheel  over,  which  the  Village  Improvement 
Society  (brains  and  conscience  of  the  town)  kept  as  no  City  Council  or  con- 
tractor ever  did  or  will.  Gone  are  the  gardens,  too ;  a  couple  of  rose 
bushes  constitute  a  garden  now,  set  in  a  green — very  green  lawn — (it  is 
its  one  merit)  stretching  to  the  asphalt  edge,  and  no  tree  ever  makes 
it  untidy.  Palms — as  useful  as  telegraph  poles  for  the  purpose — serve  as 
shade  trees.  And  in  the  rows  of  pretentious  stone  or  cement  houses, 
without  blinds  for  shade,  without  porches — except  a  front  one  in  which 
a  toilette  makes  a  figure — without  a  court-yard,  without  a  summer-house, 
roof-garden,  anything  that  might  possibly  serve  as  a  possible  screen  be- 
tween life  and  the  Raymond  tourist ;  with  an  exterior  "open  as  day  to 
melting  Charity,"  but  with  an  interior  lumbered  with  all  the  trifling  im- 
pedimenta with  which  the  house-bound  Easterner  strives  to  construct  an 
ideal  of  life  and  multiply  duties,  sit  those  whom  climate  has  lured 
hither — gambling  for  glass  bon-bon  dishes  and  hand-painted  ash-trays  ! 
It  makes  even  an  expansionist  sad  for  the  future  of  the  Philippines  ! 

Pasadena,  Cal. 


The  Keeper  of  the  Camp. 

BV  ELWYN   IRVING   HOFFMAN. 

ITH  a  head  whitened  by  the  snows  of  many 
winters  ;  with  a  face  withered  into  a  mass  of 
deep  wrinkles  ;  with  eyes  that  had  not,  for 
ten  long  years,  seen  even  so  much  as  the 
very  faintest  ray  of  God's  sunlight — that 
old  Nahali  sat  hovered  over  her  fire  one 
cold  day  in  December.  It  was  a  small  fire 
— the  same  sort  of  a  fire  as  the  ones  that 
had  robbed  her  of  her  vision.  A  chunk  of  oak  laid  between 
two  smoke-blackened  stones,  a  bed  of  dull-glowing  coals  be- 
neath it,  and  gray  and  black  ashes  in  a  close  circle  around  it. 
The  smoke,  thin  and  light,  rose  straight  to  the  small  opening 
in  the  peak  of  the  conical  roof,  through  which  it  twisted  as  it 
were  boring  its  way  out.  It  was  a  poor  fire,  and  after  reach- 
ing around  for  some  fuel  to  put  on  it  and  finding  none  old 
Nahali  drew  her  thin,  ragged  dress  more  closely  around  her 
and  bent  her  head  over  the  coals.  As  she  did  so,  the  smoke 
struck  her  on  her  withered  chin  and  seemed  to  feel  its  way  up- 
ward across  her  trembling  lips,  along  her  thin  nostrils,  over 
her  squinting,  sightless  eyes,  and  through  her  tangled  white 
hair.  As  she  breathed,  it  crept  into  her  mouth  also  and  she 
coughed — a  weak,  hollow  cough  that  might  have  told  its  own 
story.  For  old  Nahali  was  nearing  the  great  river  across 
which  lie  the  Happy  Hunting  Grounds  and  she  was  very- 
feeble.  The  smoke  making  her  cough,  she  drew  back  a 
little ;  but  it  was  cold,  bitterly  cold,  and  soon  with  a  shiver, 
she  hovered  again  over  the  smoke. 


30  LAND   OF  SUNSHINE. 

Outside,  the  earth  was  covered  with  snow — not  a  great  deal, 
but  still  enough  to  give  things  a  very  wintry  appearance.  It 
lay  in  little  ridges  on  the  limbs  and  twigs  of  the  bare  trees, 
and  with  its  shroud  of  white,  impressed  a  sense  of  deeper 
silence  upon  the  half-dozen  wigwams  that  stood  in  a  circle 
around  the  hut  in  which  old  Nahali  sat.  For  there  was  no 
one  in  these  wigwams — no  one  in  the  whole  camp  except 
Nahali.  They  had  gone  away,  bag  and  baggage,  two  days 
before  to  attend  a  "Big  Soup,"  twenty  miles  over  the  mount- 
ains, and  they  had  not  yet  returned  to  camp.  They  should 
have  been  home  that  morning,  and  old  Nahali  had  expected 
them  at  that  time,  but  they  had  not  come,  and  it  was  now  late 
in  the  afternoon.  Nahali  hoped  that  they  would  return  be- 
fore nightfall,  for  she  was  very  cold  and  the  wood  they  had 
left  her  had  been  used  up,  and  she  had  eaten  nearly  all  the 
acorn  bread  that  they  had  put  by  her. 

But  they  did  not  return.  The  gray,  wintry  sky  grew 
grayer,  the  cold  air  became  colder,  and  a  dark  shadow  stole 
slowly  over  the  white  hills.  The  wind  began  to  blow,  and  its 
icy  breath  made  old  Nahali  wish  again  that  her  people  were 
with  her.  She  did  not  upbraid  them  for  leaving  her — she  had 
been  left  too  many  times  to  think  of  complaining.  The  oldest 
squaw  of  the  tribe,  she  had  for  some  years  been  * '  the  keeper 
of  the  camp,"  being  too  feeble  to  go  away  as  the  others  did, 
on  trips  after  food,  or  to  neighboring  rancherias  to  attend  the 
big  soups  that  were  of  frequent  occurrence. 

When  they  had  left,  two  days  before,  her  relatives  had 
hardly  thought  it  worth  while  to  say  good-bye.  To  tell  the 
truth,  they  cared  very  little  for  old  Nahali,  for  she  had 
outlived  her  usefulness  long  years  before.  "Q[er  great-great 
grand-children  were  getting  to  be  good  sized  pickaninnies; 
her  great  grand-children  were  men  and  women  grown ;  her 
grand-children  were  of  advanced  ages  ;  and  her  two  daughters 
were  quite  old.  It  was  hard  to  believe  that  she  could  be  the 
head  of  four  generations  and  still  alive,  but  it  was  really  so. 

The  wind  increased  until  it  moaned  and  wailed  around  the 
wigwam.  But  Nahali  did  not  hear  it,  for  she  was  as  deaf  as 
she  was  blind .  She  knew  it  was  growing  colder,  however,  and 
she  hovered  closer  and  closer  over  her  little  fire,  which  was 
almost  entirely  extinct.  It  was  so  low  that  it  did  not  make 
even  a  smoke,  and  as  for  warmth — old  Nahali,  the  keeper  of 
the  camp,  was  already  becoming  numb  ! 

As  she  sat  thus,  over  the  two  or  three  coals  that  were  still 
feebly  alive,  squatted  down  like  an  old  witch  in  her  scanty 
rags,  the  skin  flap  of  the  wigwam  was  pushed  back  and  a  man 
entered.  He  was  a  tall  man,  robed  in  a  great  robe  of  rabbits' 
fur,  and  in  his  hand  he  held  a  long  wand  covered  with  many 
scalps  of  the  scarlet-headed  woodpecker,  and  further  decorated 


THE   KEEPER    OF   THE   CAMP.  3i 

with  long  feathers  of  the  yellow-hammer  and  the  blue-jay.  It 
had  been  intensely  dark  in  the  little  wigwam  just  before  he 
came,  but  now  it  was  all  light  and  warmth.  Old  Nahali  felt 
the  change  and  raised  herself  slowly  and  felt  Ubout  her  as  if 
she  would  touch  the  source  of  it.  And  where  did  it  come 
from — what  was  the  source  of  it  ?  Ah,  that  was  the  strange 
thing  ! — it  did  not  seem  to  come  from  anywhere.  It  filled  the 
whole  room  as  if  it  were  sunshine,  and  it  had  a  great  warmth 
— a  blessed  warmth  ! 

Old  Nahali  felt  around  her — felt  the  cold  stones,  the  hard, 
brittle  coals,  the  soft,  smooth  ashes  ;  then  she  raised  her  thin, 
bony  arms  above  her  head  and  groped  through  the  air.  Find- 
ing nothing,  she  let  her  arms  slowly  fall  and  began  to  mumble 
to  herself — low,  inarticulate  sounds  that  had  no  meaning. 

Then  it  was  that  the  chief — for  the  stranger's  dress  and 
bearing  proclaimed  him  to  be  a  chief — opened  his  lips  and 
spoke.  And  though  he  spoke  in  a  low  voice,  Nahali  heard 
him  and  raised  her  head  and  was  no  longer  deaf. 

**  Can  Nahali  hear  ? ' '  asked  the  chief. 

*  *  Nahali  can  hear, ' '  answered  the  squaw  in  an  awed  voice 
but  with  lifted  head. 

The  chief  smiled  and  waved  his   wand  slowly  to  and  fro. 

"  Can  Nahali  see  ?  "  he  asked. 

There  was  a  silence.  The  old  squaw  squinted  her  half- 
closed  lids  closer  together,  and  the  water  from  beneath  them 
oozed  out  and  rolled  down  her  furrowed  cheeks  ;  but  she  could 
not  see. 

'*  Nahali  cannot  see,"  she  answered  him,  at  last.  The  chief 
smiled  again — a  soft,  compassionate  smile. 

*'  It  is  as  well,"  he  said.  "  Nahali  has  seen  enough  !  She 
has  seen  all  that  there  is  to  be  seen — sorrow,  and  joy,  and  love 
and  hate,  and  beauty  and  ugliness.  She  has  witnessed  the 
rise  and  set  of  suns  and  moons  and  seen  the  yews  of  summer 
bloom  and  fade.  To  her  eyes  have  been  spread  the  glory  of 
the  heavens,  and  she  has  seen  also,  the  grandeur  and  baseness 
of  mankind.  But  there  is  one  thing  Nahali  has  not  yet  seen. 
May  the  curtains  hang  before  her  face  till  she  has  passed  into 
the  Happy  Hunting  Grounds  !  For  there  she  will  see  much 
beauty,  and  will  know  much  happiness.  No  more  will  Nahali 
be  forsaken — no  more  will  Nahali  be  left  alone  to  sit  in  the 
cold ." 

For  it  was  very,  very  cold — the  warm  light  had  disappeared, 
and  the  tall  chief  had  gone  ! 

It  is  strange  what  visitors  one  will  have  when  one  is  old  and 
the  snow-burdened  wind  blows  upon  one  with  its  icy  breath. 
Strange  visions,  yes.  But  the  Indians  knew  nothing  about 
this  when  they  came  into  camp  next  day,  wading  through  the 
snow  that  had  fallen  heavily  during  the  night. 


32  LAND   OF  SUNSHINE. 

They  only  knew  that  old  Nahali,  the  useless,  the  unwanted, 
was  dead — lying,  just  as  she  had  fallen  when  the  Great  Chief 
left  her,  with  her  thin,  bony  arms  outstretched,  and  her  dark, 
wrinkled  face  turned  to  the  cold,  gray  ashes. 

French  Corral,  Cal. 

*  Early  California. 

UNPUBLISHED   DOCUMENTS  — THE   VICEROY'S   REPORT. 


^' 


^HE  detailed  report  of  the  Count  de  Revilla  Gigedo,  Viceroy  of 
Mexico  over  a  century  ago,  is  one  of  the  clearest,  ablest,  most 
concise,  most  reliable  early  documents  on  the  history  of  Cali- 
fornia and  the  northern  coast.  It  has  hitherto  been  inaccessible  to 
American  students,  except  in  Spanish  ;  and  the  accurate  translation 
which  begins  below  will  be  of  service  to  every  student  of  California 
history.! 

Of  the  sixty-two  viceroys  of  Mexico  from  1535  to  1822,  few  were  the 
equals  in  statesmanship,  activity  and  zeal  of  the  second  Count  de  Re- 
villa  Gigedo — an  American  by  birth,  for  he  first  saw  the  light  in  Habana, 
Cuba.  He  arrived  on  the  frigate  "San  Ramon"  in  Vera  Cruz,  Oct.  8, 
1789,  and  the  17th  of  the  same  month  took  formal  possession  of  his 
high  office,  which  he  held  until  July  11,1 794. 

To  the  Licenciado,  don  Carlos  Maria  de  Bustamante,  we  are  indebted 
for  the  preservation  of  this  important  docunient.  Bustamante,  who 
was  born  in  Oaxaca,  November  4,  1774,  and'died  September  21,  1848, 
did  enormous  service  for  the  history  of  Mexico.  True,  his  passions 
sometimes  misled  him  and  his  editorship  in  some  cases  was  careless  ; 
still  all,  enemies  and  friends,  are  debtors  to  Bustamante 's  unceasing 
labors. 

REPORT 


Don  Juan  Vicente  de  Guemes  Pacheco  de  PadilIvA,  Count  of 

Revii^i^a  Gigedo, 

VICEROY  OF  NEW  SPAIN, 

ON 

California. 

1768-1793. 


The  viceroy  of  New  Spain,  Count  de  Revilla  Gigedo,  compiles  in  this 
detailed  report  the  events  which  happened  in  the  peninsula  of  the 
Californias  and  in  the  department  of  San  Bias  since  the  year  1768,  and 
makes  the  suggestions  he  considers  advisable. 


Most  Excellent  Sir  .• 

1 .  The  maritime  department  of  San  Bias,  the  peninsula  of  the  Cali- 
fornias, and  the  explorations  carried  out  on  its  northern  coasts,  have  been 
matters  of  grave  consequence,  and  have  received  my  utmost  attention 
since  the  day  on  which  I  took  charge  of  these  vast  dominions. 

2.  Up  to  now  the  steps  taken  by  me  have  met  with  success.  I  have 
undertaken  them  in  conformity  with  the  King's  orders,  with  the  most 
sincere  desire  of  success  and  having  in  mind  the  actual  state  of  aflfairs. 

3.  According  to  their  kind  and  nature,  I  have,  through  the  corre- 
sponding channels,  rendered  an  account  of  everything  to  His  Majesty, 
accompanying  same  with  testimonies  of  credit,  explaining  my  reasons, 


EARLY   CALIFORNIA.  33 

and  asking  for  advice  on  those  matters  which  I  consider  most  important 
to  the  royal  service. 

4.  4.S  a  happy  result  thereof,  I  have  had  the  satisfaction  of  receiv^'^g 
repeatedly  the  approval  of  the  King  on  points  relating  to  the  undertak- 
ings in  the  Californias. 

5.  These  enterprises  have  never  been  finished,  and  the  only  thing 
lacking  is,  that  a  new  friendly  agreement  between  our  Court  and  the  one 
in  London  shall  put  forever  an  end  to  the  differences  due  to  the  events 
at  Nutka,  and  preserve  the  peace  and  harmony  so  important  to  the  sub- 
jects of  both  powers. 

6.  So  I  hope  ;  and  for  this  reason  I  take  still  greater  pleasure  in  the 
extraordinary  task  of  compiling  briefly  and  clearly  what  has  been  done 
and  carried  out  by  the  viceroys,  my  predecessors,  in  the  Californias  and 
San  Bias ;  what  I  have  reported  and  represented  about  these  matters  in 
my  different  letters  ;  and  finally  what  remains  to  be  done  according  to 
my  opinion.  Having  these  data  present,  Your  Excellency  can  arrive  at 
an  understanding  of  everything,  inform  His  Majesty  thereof,  and  issue  to 
me  his  royal  orders. 

State  of  the  Peninsula  of  the  Californias  in  1767. 

7.  In  the  year  1767,  the  peninsula  of  the  Californias  embraced  the 
territories  which  lay  between  the  cape  of  San  Lucas,  situated  in  latitude 
North  22°  48^,  and  the  mission  of  Santa  Maria  de  Todos  Santos,  in  lati- 
tude 3 1  Yz  degrees  North .     ( 1 ) 

Hits  State,  Fortifications  and  Expenses  Incurred. 

8.  At  that  time  the  capital  of  the  peninsula  was  the  feeble  **  presidio" 
of  Our  Lady  of  Loretto  (2).  It  had  as  garrison  a  troop  of  cavalry, 
mounted  and  armed  in  accordance  with  the  customs  of  the  country  ;  its 
pay  (including  that  of  the  crew  of  the  vessel  carrying  supplies)  amounted 
to  $32,5 15,  which  paid  out  of  the  royal  treasury.  The  Jesuits  really  col- 
lected and  distributed  this  money,  and  also  took  care  of  the  discipline 
and  service  of  said  troop,  placed  in  commission  for  the  sole  purpose  of 
defending  and  preserving  the  fifteen  missions  established  and  adminis- 
tered by  the  Society  of  Jesus*. 

Special  Fund  (fondo  piadoso)  of  the  Missions. 

9.  These  missions  were  founded  and  maintained  at  the  expense  of  the 
capitals  which  the  zeal  and  apostolic  labors  of  the  aforementioned 
father*  of  the  Society  of  Jesus  had  acquired  for  the  purpose  of  effecting 
the  spiritual  conquest  of  the  Califomian  Indians.  The  principal  bene- 
factors and  founders  of  these  special  funds  were  the  Marquis  de  Villa- 
puentc  and  the  Marchioness  de  las  Torres  de  Rada. 

The  Farthest  Northern  Coasts  of  the  Peninsula  are  in- 
cluded Within  and  Considered  to  be  Under  Spanish 
Dominion. 

10.  Although  the  most  remote  countries  of  New  Spain,  known  under 
the  name  of  the  exterior  or  western  territories  of  the  Californias,  have 
not  been  occupied  by  any  other  formal  establishments  than  the  aforesaid 
fifteen  missions  and  the  presidio  of  the  Loretto,  they  were  included 
within  and  considered  to  be  under  the  Spanish  dominion,  as  also  the 
coasts  farthest  to  the  North  on  the  continent ;  further  the  coastline  had 


(i)  The  correct  name  of  this  mission  is  Santa  Maria  de  Los  Angeles,  situated  in  31° 
lat.  North.    It  was  established  October  16,  1766. 

Santa  Maria  de  Todos  Santos  is  in  lat.  24°  3(/,  and  was  originally  founded  in  iTig  at 
Lt  Paz,  and  a  tew  years  later  removed  to  its  present  location. 

(2)  Here,  on  October  2«c,  I697,  the  Jesuit  Father  Juan  Maria  de  Salvatierra  estab- 
lished the  first  mission  in  I^ower  California.    I,at.  26*'  31'. 

♦In  I,ower  California, 


34  LAND    OF   SUNSHINE. 

already  been  discovered  up  to  43°  latitude  North  (3),  where  the  river, 
called  *'  Los  Reyes,"  exists. 

Duringr  the  Last  Two  Centuries   Repeated  Explorations 
were  Made  for  the  Purpose  of  Settlings  said  Coasts. 

11.  Our  Court  had  always  in  mind  to  advance  the  spiritual  conquest  of 
California  up  to  the  confines  of  North  America,  by  settling  the  coasts  of 
its  Pacific  Ocean.  This  is  proved  by  the  many  costly  expeditions  under- 
taken during  the  last  two  centuries,  and  especially  by  that  one  so  well 
carried  out  in  the  year  1602,  under  the  command  of  the  general,  Sebas- 
tian Vizcaino. 

The  General  Sebastian  Vizcaino  Discovered  the  Ports 
of  San  Dieg-o  and  Monterey,  and  Orders  were  Issued 
for  Settling-  the  Latter. 

(12).  At  that  time  he  discovered  the  ports  of  San  Diego  and  Monterey, 
and,  although  in  consequence  thereof,  the  second  was  to  have  been  oc- 
cupied and  settled  at  once  in  virtue  of  a  royal  cedula  issued  by  order  of 
Philip  III,  this  most  important  decree  was  not  carried  into  effect  until 
the  year  1768. 

It  did  not  take  place  until  the  year  1768. 

13.  The  causes  of  this  prejudicial  inaction  are  unknown.  The  wise 
and  well  combined  rules  laid  down  in  said  •*  cedula"  would  have 
smoothed  over  all  the  difficulties  liable  to  arise  in  the  enterprise,  and 
these  difficulties  did  in  fact  disappear  as  soon  as  it  became  known  that 
the  Russians  had  verified  diffijrent  explorations  on  the  Californian  coasts 
from  Hamts  Kaska  (Kamskatka),  and  that  they  intended  to  establish 
themselves  thereon. 

Foreign  nations  could  have  occupied  these  places,  as  no 
armed  force  existed  in  California  to  off'er  Resistance. 

14  They  might  have  been  able  to  occupy,  without  resistance,  our 
ports  of  San  Diego  and  Monterey,  if  they  had,  at  the  beginning,  directed 
their  explorations  to  lower  latitudes.  This,  for  the  reason  that  the  very 
limited  population  of  our  peninsula  of  the  Californias  could  not  have 
mustered  a  sufficient  force  for  resisting  a  European  army  ;  besides,  there 
were  no  other  ships  in  the  Pacific  Ocean  than  the  small  vessel  used  for 
transporting  supplies,  of  which  I  have  already  spoken. 

We  occupied  these  ports  in  the  said  year  of  1768,  and 
at  the  same  time  established  the  Department  of  San 
Bias. 

15.  Finally,  in  the  mentioned  year  of  1768,  we  successfully  occupied 
those  ports,  and  also  established  the  department  of  San  Bias  for  the 
main  object  of  serving  as  a  base  of  the  military  expedition  decided 
upon  against  the  barbarous  Seri  and  Pima  Indians  which  hostilized 
Sonora,  and  also  for  the  purpose  of  opening  later  on  commerce  with 
this  province  and  the  one  of  the  Californias. 

Missions  were  erected  and  the  Salines  of  Zapotilla  placed 

under  royal  administration  for  the  purpose  of 

maintaining  the  Department  of  San  Bias. 

16.  The  erection  of  missions  in  the  immediate  neighborhood  of  the 


(3)  Sebastian  Vizcaino  in  his  second  voyage  reached  on  Dec.  29, 1602,  lat.  43  North, 
near  to  which  is  Cape  Blanco  ;  but  he  must  have  assigned  a  wrong  lat,  to  the  river 
"  Los  Reyes,"  as  no  such  stream  exists  there. 


EARLY   CALIFORNIA.  35 

presidios  of  San  Diego  and  Monterey  was  at  once  begun  (4a).  The 
expenditures  incurred  were  charged  to  the  special  funds  (4b)  which 
the  Jesuits  at  the  time  of  the  expulsion  [June  25,  1767,  in  the  City  of 
Mexico.  They  left  Ivoretto,  Lower  Cal.,  Feb.  3,  1768.]  had  left  capital- 
ized (fincado),  and  it  was  considered  possible   that  the  department  of 


(4a)    The  missions  established  in  California  are  : 

San  Diego  de  Alcala,  June  16,  1769. 

San  Carlos  de  Monterey,  June  3,  1770. 

San  Antonio  de  Padua,  July  14,  1771. 

San  Gabriel  Arcangel,  Sept,  8.  1771. 

San  I^uis  Obispo,  Sept.  12,  1772. 

San  Francisco  Dolores.  Oct.  9,  1776. 

San  Juan  Capistrano,  Nov.  i,  1776 

Santa  Clara,  Jan.  18,  i777- 

San  Buenaventura,  March  31,  1782. 

Santa  Barbara,  Dec  4,  1786. 

Purisima  Concepcion,  Dec.  8,  1787. 

Santa  Cruz,  Aug.  28,  1791. 

Soledad,  Oct,  9,  1792. 

San  Jose,  June  18,  1797. 

San  Miguel,  1797. 

San  Luis,  Rey,  1798. 

San  Juan  Bautista,  1799. 

Santa  In^s,  1804. 

San  Rafael,  1817. 

San  Francisco  Solano,  1823. 

(4b)  The  following  is  a  translation  of  the  Report  made  by  the  Franciscan  friar. 
Father  Francisco  Palou  on  February  12,  1772,  to  the  Superior  of  the  convent  San 
Fernando  in  the  City  of  Mexico,  Fray  Juan  Roman  de  Mora,  and  shows  the  financial 
status  of  the  "Pious  fund"  at  that  time. 

Copy  of  the  pioui  works  founded  by  the  different  individuals  for  the  purpose  of  the 

spiritual  conquest  of  the  Caltfornias  : 

Year  1698  Don  Juan  Caballero  founded  the  first  mission  and  for  this  purpose  gave.|io,ooo 

"     1699  the  same  founded  the  second 10,000 

"    1700  Don  Nicolas  Arteaga  founded  the  third  and  furnished  the  same  amount  io,oco 

"     1702  diflferent  individuals  through  Father  Jose  Vidal,  Jesuit,  the  fourth 7,000 

"     1704  the  Marquis  de  Villapuente  founded  the  fifth  in  the  sum  of. 10,000 

"     1709  the  same  founded  the  sixth  in 10,000 

"     1713  the  same  founded  the  seventh  in 10,000 

"     1718  His  Excellency,  Don  Juan  Ruiz  de  Velasco,  founded  the  eighth  in 10,000 

"     1719  the  Marquis  de  Villapuente  founded  the  ninth  in 10,000 

"     1725  the  Jesuit,  Father  Juan  Maria  Luyando,  founded  the  tenth  in 10,000 

"    1731  Dofia  Maria  Rosa  de  la  Petia  donated  to  one  of  the  missions  of  Villa- 
puente   10,000 

"     1746  the  Marquis  de  Villapuente  founded  the  eleventh  in 10,000 

"     1747  The  Most  Excellent  Dona  Maria  de  Boya,  duchess  of  Gandia,  instituted 

the  missions  of  California  as  her  heirs,  but  they  have  only  received...  62,000 

Total  of  donations , $179,000 

(4c)    Balances  found  at  the  time  of  the  Expulsion  of  the  Jesuits  : 

In  cash  fonnd  in  the  Atty  Gen'l's  office  of  jCalifomia  at  the  expulsion |  92,000  00 

Value  of  merchandise  found  in  the  same  omce 27,255  75 

Value  of  merchandise  in  warehouse  at  Loretto 79i377  27% 

Total  balances $199,033  I2j^ 

Loans  made  by  the  Attorney  General's  office  of  California  of  the  capitals  of  said  mis- 
sions as  appears  by  the  corresponding  instruments: 

To  the  College  of  San  Idlefonso  in  the  City  of  Puebla,  at  2^2  pe.  cent $  22,000 

"  ';        of  San  Ignacio         "  "  "  at  4  per  cent 5,000 

,'  "        of  San  Pedro  and  San  Pablo  in  the  City  of  Mexico  without  int...    29,000 

"  "        of  San  Idlefonso  in  the  city  of  Puebla,  at  3  per  cent 23,000 

"  "        of  San  Geronimo  in  the  City  of  Mexico,  at  3  per  cent 38,500 

"  "       of  San  Idlefonso  in  the  city  of  Puebla,  at  3  per  cent 9,000 

Totalloans $126,600 

Recapitulation : 

Total  of  donations $179,000  00 

Total  of  balances  on  hand i99.033  i2ji 

Total  of  loans 126,600  00 

Grand  Total $504,633  125^ 


36  LAND    or  SUNSHINE. 

San  Bias  could  cover  its  expenses  with  the  products  of  the  neighboring 
salines,  from  now  on  to  be  worked  on  account  of  the  royal  treasury,  and 
with  other  resources  of  minor  importance. 

These  expeditions   and  establishments  were  the   cause 
_  of  heavy  expenses.  :.  _ 

17.  This  advantage  was  never  obtained.  The  expenses  of  San  Bias 
are  constantly  on  the  increase,  and  the  costs  of  its  establishment,  and 
of  the  expeditions  to  Sonora  and  California,  from  1768  to  1771,  were 
necessarily  large  to  the  royal  treasury,  although  part  of  the  expenses 
were  defrayed  by  generous  voluntary  contributions  and  also  out  of  the 
special  mission  funds. 

No  Economy  was  practicable. 

18.  To  exercise  any  cautious  economy  was  an  impossibility  when 
everything  had  to  be  done  hurriedly  in  distant  countries,  without  any 
settlements  in  the  largest  part  of  their  enormous  area,  and  with  Sonora 
subject  to  the  cruel  hostilities  of  the  Indian  enemies  ;  and,  to  state  the 
whole  matter  in  as  few  words  as  possible,  without  troops,  vessels,  arms, 
munitions,  utensils  and  provisions. 

Difficulties  apparently  insuperable  were  overcome;  the 
Viceroy,  Marquis  de  Croix,  returned  to  Spain;  and  the 
Baylio  Frey  Don  Antonio  Bucareli  took  his  place. 

19.  Notwithstanding  these  difficulties — which  might  be  considered 
insuperable — were  overcome,  and,  as  far  as  it  was  possible  to  zeal  and 
constancy,  the  important  ends  of  the  enterprises  were  accomplished. 
The  Viceroy,  Marquis  de  Croix,  having  finished  his  term  of  office,  left  to 
his  successor,  the  Bailio  (6)  Frey  don  Juan  de  Bucareli,  th«  glory  to  con- 
tinue the  work  and  to  carry  it  to  the  best  state  of  perfection. 

Events  which  happened  in  the  time  of  the  Viceroy  Bu- 
careli. 

20.  As  in  everything  which  had  passed,  the  mental  and  personal 
labors  of  the  Inspector  General,  the  Marquis  de  Sonora  (7),  had  played 
an  important  part,  and  as  this  functionary  still  remained  in  the  kingdom 
(  New  Spain )  for  a  few  months  after  the  Marquis  de  Croix  had  sailed  on 
his  return  to  Spain,  Galvez  was  enabled  to  inform  the  successor,  Don 
Antonio  Bucareli,  of  everything  which  had  taken  place,  so  that  the  new 
Viceroy  would  find  it  less  difficult  to  perfect  promptly  all  the  arrange- 
ments required  in  the  department  of  San  Bias  and  the  peninsula  of  the 
Californias,  economizing  expenses  and  avoiding  confusion. 

21.  The  hostilities  of  the  Seris  and  Pimas  had  somewhat  ceased  in  So- 
nora, but  the  Apaches  created  worse  havoc  in  New  Galicia  (8)  therefore 
the  expenses  which  decreased  in  the  first  province  augmented  in  the 
second  owing  to  the  formation  of  a  corps  of  four  flying  troops  of  cavalry, 
and  to  other  help  furnished  as  well  in  soldiers  as  to  the  presidios.    I  refer 


(6)  Bailio,  a  knight  of  the  religious  military  order  of  Saint  John,  who  has  taken  the 
vows  and  is  invested  with  the  command  and  enjoys  the  usufruct  of  a  castle,  town  or 
other  rural  or  urban  property. 

(7)  Don  Jos6  de  Galvez  received  in  1764  unlimited  power  to  inspect  all  the  different 
branches  of  the  government  in  New  Spain,  and  make  whatsoever  changes  of  magis- 
trates and  officials  he  considered  convenient.  On  July  6, 1768,  he  arrived  in  Lower  Cal- 
ifornia for  the  purpose  of  arranging  matters  in  that  province,  and  for  the  principal 
object  of  extending  missions  and  presidios  to  Upper  California.  His  plans  were  suc- 
cessfully carried  out  by  Father  Junipero  Serra  and  the  commander,  PortolA.  In  1776  he 
was  appointed  Secretary  of  the  Indies  and  in  this  capacity  had  his  brother,  Don  Matias 
de  Galvez,  and  afterwards  his  nephew,  Bernardo  de  Galvez,  appointed  Viceroys  of  New 
Spain.    Galvez  died  in  1787. 

(8)  New  Galicia,  the  present  Mexican  States  of  Durango,  Chihuahua  and  Coahuila. 
which  by  the  royal  order  dated  in  Madrid  on  Dec.  4, 1786,  were  formed  into  the  "inten- 
dencia  "  of  Durango. 


EARLY   CALIFORNIA.  37 

only  slightly  to  these  matters  here,  because  this  compilation  must  be 
strictly  limited  to  events  and  matters  relating  to  San  Bias  and  the  Cali- 
fornias. 

New  Rules  for  San  Bias  and  the  Californias. 

22.  New  rules  were  made  for  the  administration  of  both  provinces. 
In  San  Bias  a  formal  commisariat  was  established  for  making  the  pay- 
ments and  keeping  strict  accounts ;  a  small  arsenal  was  also  put  in 
operation  for  careening  and  repairing  all  the  vessels  of  the  department ; 
one  frigate  and  two  dispatch  boats  (paquebotes)  were  stationed  there ; 
and,  for  all  these  purposes  was  assigned  to  it  yearly  the  amount  of  |63,- 
907. 

23.  Although  the  expenses  of  the  presidiai  troops  of  the  Californias 
were  estimated  at  $55,435,  including  the  salaries  and  pay  (haberes)  of 
the  governor  of  the  Peninsula,  commissary  of  Loretto,  storekeepers  or 
those  acting  as  such  (habilitados)  of  the  presidios,  and  of  a  small  num- 
ber of  carpenters,  blacksmiths,  and  muleteers,  the  whole  expenditure 
amounted  to  only  |26,500  ;  because  a  rule  was  established  that  payment 
should  be  made  in  clothing,  goods,  and  provisions,  and  that  there 
should  be  charged  or  added  to  the  cost  price  of  these  articles,  100  per 
cent  at  the  old  establishments  and  1 50  per  cent  at  the  new  presidios  of 
San  Diego  and  Monterey.  The  only  exceptions  to  this  rule  were  the 
salaries  of  the  governor,  $4000  and  of  the  commissary  at  Loretto,  $1500. 

24.  Lastly  a  Factor,  with  a  salary  of  $2000,  was  appointed  for  collect- 
ing the  amounts  payable  by  the  royal  treasury  in  this  capital  (Mexico), 
and  for  making  the  necessary  purchases  and  remittances  of  textile  fab- 
rics and  merchandise  for  San  Bias  and  the  Californias.  In  consequence, 
addint;  all  these  items  gives  a  total  yearly  amount  of  $92, 476. 37 j^,  pay- 
able from  the  royal  treasury.  The  salaries  assigned  to  the  Franciscan 
and  Dominican  missionaries,  their  traveling  expenses  by  land  and  sea, 
as  also  the  necessary  expenditures  for  the  establishment  of  new  missions 
are  to  be  made  from  the  special  funds. 

New  Enterprises. 

25.  After  finishing  this  matter,  the  viceroy,  don  Antonio  Bucareli* 
thought  it  well  to  confine  his  measures  to  the  preservation  and  tem- 
poral and  spiritual  development  of  the  old  and  new  Californias,  toward 
improving  the  salines  in  the  immediate  neighborhood  of  San  Bias. 
This  for  the  purpose,  that  said  department  might  also  flourish  as  far  as 
possible,  and  so  be  able  to  comply  with  its  principal  object,  the  fur- 
nishing and  forwarding  of  the  necessary  supplies  to  the  presidios  and 
missions  of  the  Californias  ;  but  this  quietness  did  not  last  long. 

26.  Information  was  received  about  the  excellent  port  of  San  Fran- 
cisco ;  the  old  project  of  discovering  a  land  route  was  again  taken  up  ; 
discussions  were  held  in  reference  to  opening  the  communication  be- 
tween the  presidios  of  Monterey  and  San  Diego,  blocked  up  by  the 
Santa  Barbara  channel  whereon  numerous  pacific  and  docile  Indians 
dwelt ;  attention  was  called  to  the  immense  number  of  pagans  desirous 
of  congregating  in  missions  ;  and,  also  to  the  fertility  of  the  territories 
in  the  north,  which  invited  Spaniards  to  settle  and  cultivate  them. 

First  Exploration  to  Hig-her  Latitudes. 

27.  The  Viceroy  already  flattering  himself  with  the  possible  accom- 
plishment of  these  useful  projects,  received  the  royal  orders  of  April 
1 1  and  September  23,  1773,  which  increased  his  zeal  and  compelled  him 
to  put  into  practice  more  difficult  and  costly  plans. 

28.  The  Count  de  Lascy,  Minister  Plenipotentiary  at  the  Court  of 
Russia,  notified  our  Court  of  the  discoveries  which  had  been  made  by  the 

(9)  This  new  "  reglamento  "  was  formulated  May  19, 1773;  discussed  and  amended 
July  8,  1773  ;  approved  by  the  viceroy  July  23, 1773,  and  went  into  force  January  1st, 
1774. 


38  LAND    OF  SUNSHINE. 

vassals  of  that  empire  on  our  northern  coasts  of  the  Californias ;  these 
notices  were  copied  and  forwarded  with  said  royal  orders  and  others  of 
later  date. 

29.  In  all  of  these  decrees,  His  Majesty  commanded  that  proper  steps 
should  be  taken  for  investigating  if  the  Russians  continued  and  pro- 
gressed with  their  expeditions  ;  that  the  schemes  of  this  nation  should 
be  guarded  against ;  and  also  that  means  should  be  found  for  dislodging 
any  foreign  settlement  established  on  those  coasts,  previously  giving 
the  necessary  intimations  and  using  force  only  as  a  last  resort. 

30.  Although  the  Viceroy  was  aware  of  the  obstacles  which  hindered 
the  Russians  from  carrying  out  their  plans,  due  to  the  scarcity  of  settlers 
and  supplies  in  their  territories  of  Kamts  Kaska,  still  he  felt  that  these 
diflSculties  in  the  course  of  time  might  be  overcome,  and  that  we  should 
profit  by  these  obstacles,  and  impede  foreigners  from  becoming  neigh- 
bors of  ours  on  the  peninsulas  of  the  Californias. 

31.  This  is  the  opinion  which  he  expressed  in  his  letter  1048  of  July 
27,  1773,  stating  therein  the  necessity  of  giving  another  form  to  the  de- 
partment of  San  Bias,  and  of  supplying  it  with  competent  ofi&cers  of  the 
royal  navy,  practical  pilots,  an  arsenal  (maestranza),  sailors,  and  also 
with  a  larger  number  of  vessels  wherewith  to  succour  the  Californias 
and  undertake  explorations  to  higher  latitudes  (exploraciones  de  altura). 

32.  He  also  reported  that  the  new  presidios  of  San  Diego  and  Mon- 
terey were  weak  establishments,  only  good  for  giving  a  title  to  the  soil 
(que  solo  Servian  para  senalar  el  dominio),  and  for  keeping  within  cer- 
tain bounds  the  innumerable  pagan  Indian  tribes  surrounding  these  estab- 
lishments, which,  owing  to  the  burdens  imposed  upon  the  royal  treasury, 
he  had  not  decided  to  fortify. 

33.  That  he  found  no  way  of  avoiding  the  increased  expenditures  in 
which  the  department  of  San  Bias  will  involve  him,  a  department  situ- 
ated in  one  of  the  most  unhealthy  climates  of  the  Pacific  coast ;  and 
finally  in  the  same  letter,  number  1048,  and  in  those  written  afterwards, 
he  continued  reporting  upon  the  wise  measures  taken  by  him. 

34.  The  discovery  of  an  overland  route  from  Sonora  to  Monterey  had 
already  been  made  (10)  later  on  the  important  occupation  of  the  port  of 
San  Franci<co  took  place  (11),  and  all  those  measures  were  continued 
which  tended  to  subjecting  (as  was  later  brought  about )  gradually  the 
Indians  of  the  Santa  Barbara  channel  and  to  the  establishment  of  new 
missions  and  Spanish  settlements  (pueblos). 

35 .  The  reconnoisance  of  the  Goatzacalcos  river  on  the  Gulf  of  Mex- 
ico, and  the  country  lying  between  its  mouth  and  the  harbor  of  Tehnan- 
tepec  on  the  Pacific  coast  was  also  undertaken,  and  it  was  ascertained 
that  a  possibility  existed  for  transporting  artillery  over  it,  as  had  already 
been  done,  according  to  old  traditions,  by  Hernan  Cortes,  for  arming  the 
vessels  he  had  ordered  to  be  built  in  the  harbor  of  Tehuantepec,  and 
which  discovered  the  coasts  of  the  Californias  (12). 

(10)  Don  Juan  Bautista  de  Anza,  captain  of  the  presidio  of  Tubac,  on  the  frontier  of 
Sonora,  left  the  presidio  of  Altar  with  twenty  of  his  soldiers  and  accompanied  by  the 
Franciscan  missionaries,  fathers  Carets  and  Juan  Diaz,  on  January  8.  1774,  and  arrived 
at  the  mission  of  San  Gabriel  in  California  on  May  22nd  of  the  same  year.  Anza  pro- 
ceeded from  there  to  Monterey  for  the  purpose  of  consulting  with  Father  Junipero 
Serra.  A  second  expedition,  also  commanded  by  Anza,  left  Tubac  on  Oct.  23, 1775,  and 
reached  San  Gabriel  on  January  4, 1776, 

(11)  The  first  huts  were  built  July  26. 1776  ;  on  the  28th  the  first  mass  was  said  in  the 
temporary  chapel.  The  port  was  occupied  August  18  and  formal  possession  taken  on 
Sept.  17, 1776.  The  chapel  ol  the  mission  of  Dolores  was  dedicated  October  3,  and 
the  mission  formally  inaugurated  October  8, 1776. 

(12)  The  first  discoverer  of  the  peninsula  of  California  was  the  pilot  Fortun 
Ximenez,  who  entered  the  gulf,  afterwards  called  "  of  Cortes,"  with  the  vessel  "Con- 
cepcion"  in  the  latter  part  of  1533.  He  and  twenty- two  of  his  crew  were  killed  by  the 
Indians  at  La  Paz,  Lower  California 

The  three  vessels,  Santa  Agueda,  San  Lazaro  and  San  Tomas,  which  Cortes  had  or- 
dered built  in  Tehuantepec,  sailed  under  his  personal  command  from  Chiametlan  on 
April  16, 1535,  arrived  in  the  bay  of  La  Paz  on  May  3, 1535,  and  returned  to  Mexico  in 
1537. 


EARLY   CALIFORNIA.  39 

36.  Finally,  for  the  purpose  of  examining  if  the  Russians  had  settled 
in  the  most  remote  northern  parts  of  our  actual  possessions,  the  Viceroy 
despatched  the  frigate  "Santiago"  under  the  command  of  the  brevet 
ensign  of  the  second  class,  Don  Juan  Perez,  first  pilot  of  the  royal  navy, 
giving  him  the  necessary  instructions  for  carrying  out  the  orders  ;  and 
this  wa«  the  first  exploration  to  higher  latitudes. 

37.  The  frigate  left  San  Bias  on  the  25th  day  of  January,  1774,  stopped 
at  the  ports  of  San  Diego  and  Monterey  for  the  purpose  of  delivering  the 
corresponding  supplies  ;  set  out  again  on  its  navigation  June  7  ;  arrived 
at  55°  49^  latitude  north  ;  opened  communications  with  the  Indians  of 
that  coast;  did  the  same  in  the  port  of  Nutka,  to  which  the  name  of  San 
Lorenzo  was  given,  and  where  it  dropped  anchor  on  August  8.  The 
vessel  returned  November  3  to  San  Bias    (13). 

38.  It  cannot  be  claimed  that  these  reconnoisances  were  exact.  They 
really  only  occupied  a  little  more  than  two  months  and  a  half,  and  the 
ship's  logs  show  doubts  and  uncertainties  which  impair  their  value. 
Still  the  positive  knowledge  was  at  last  acquired,  that  not  a  single  foreign 
establishment  existed  on  the  whole  of  the  coast  explored.  It  was  proved 
beyond  doubt  that  the  commander  of  the  frigate  "  Santiago"  had  taken 
possession  of  the  port  of  Nutka,  five  years  previous  to  the  arrival  of  the 
English  captain.  Cook,  at  the  same  port,  where  he  had  careened  his 
vessels,  and  finally  this  expedition  facilitated  greatly  our  future 
explorations. 

SECOND    EXPLORATION. 

39.  The  second  expedition  took  place  in  the  year  1775,  under  the 
charge  of  the  lieutenant  of  the  first-class,  Don  Bruno  de  Ezeta,  with  the 
same  frigate,  "  Santiago  "  and  the  little  schooner  ( goleta  )  called  "La 
Felicidad  "  (alias  "LaSonora"),  the  command  whereof  had  been  en- 
trusted to  the  lieutenant  of  the  second-class,  Don  Juan  Francisco  de  la 
Bodega  y  Cuadra. 

40.  Both  vessels  left  San  Bias  February  11,  1775,  and  sailed  in 
company  to  47^,  where  they  separated. 

41 .  The  frigate  returned  after  having  reached  50°,  because  the  scurvey 
had  broken  out  among  the  crew.  The  schooner  went  as  far  as  58°,  and 
on  the  return  both  vessels  joined  again  in  the  port  of  Monterey,  and 
entered  the  harbor  of  San  Bias  November  25. 

42.  The  department  of  La  Trinidad,  in  41°  6^ ;  the  open  roadstead 
(  rada  )  of  Bucareli  in  47°  24^ ;  the  archipelago  and  port  of  the  same  name 
in  55°  18^ ;  and  the  one  of  Los  Remedios  in  57°  20^  were  discovered  and 
reconnoitered  by  this  expedition  and  formal  possession  thereof  taken. 

43.  Furthermore,  Ezeta  came  to  the  mouth  or  entrance  bearing  his 
name  in  49°,  (14)  called  by  him  "  Bahia  de  la  Asuncion,"  but  could  not 
examine  it.  Bodega  anchored  and  took  possession  of  the  port  which 
hjis  his  name,  situated  in  38°  18\  and  in  the  immediate  neighborhood  of 
the  harbor  of  San  Francisco. 


(13)  Juan  Perez,  the  commander  of  the  "Santiago"  (alias  "Nueva  Galicia"),  was  a 
native  of  Mayorca,  and  well  versed  in  navigation  on  the  Pacific,  having  made  several 
voyages  to  the  Philippine  Islands.  Fray  Juniper  Serra  returned  on  this  vessel  from 
San  Bias  to  San  Diego.  In  Monterey  Fray  Juan  Crespi  and  Fray  Tomas  Pefia  de  la 
Pena  joined  the  frigate  as  chaplains,  and  Father  Crespi  wrote  the  diary  of  this  expe- 
dition. On  July  20,  touched  the  extreme  northwestern  point  of  Queen  Charlotte  Island, 
near  to  55°  lat.  North,  and  arrived  on  Monday,  August  8,  in  the  roadstead  of  Nutka, 
called  afterwards,  in  1788,  by  Captain  Cook,  King  George's  Sound, 

(14)  The  date  of  the  discovery  of  the  bay  "La  Asuncion  de  Nuestra  Senora,"  or 
"  Entrance  of  Ezeta,"  or  "Columbia  river,"  is  August  17,  1775,  and  the  correct  latitude 
46°  11'  north. 

The  Royal  Audience  governed  from  November  30,  1786,  to  May  8,  1789.  Don  Alonzo 
Nunez  de  Haro  y  Peralta,  Archbishop  of  Mexico,  was  Viceroy  of  New  Spain  from  May 
-8,  1787  to  August  16,  of  the  same  year. 


40  LAND    OF   SUNSHINE. 

Death  of  the  Viceroy,  Bucareli,  and  compilation  of  the 
Measures  taken  by  him. 

44.  Although  preparations  were  made  without  delay  for  the  third  ex- 
pedition, which  was  to  have  started  in  the  year  1777,  for  the  purpose  of 
making  explorations  from  Ezeta  bay  to  latitude  58°,  and  to  finish  same  in 
latitude  65°,  it  did  not  take  place  until  the  year  1779,  when  the  Viceroy, 
Frey  Don  Antonio  Bucareli,  was  already  dead.     (15) 

45.  This  Viceroy  attended  with  true- zeal  and  efficiency  to  all  the  im- 
portant matters  which  occurred  during  his  term  of  office,  and  he  had 
besides  the  pleasure  of  seeing  his  orders  complied  with.  The  results 
would  have  been  greater  if,  for  reasons  of  economizing  the  overburdened 
public  finances,  he  had  been  able  to  make  larger  expenditures. 

46.  Notwithstanding,  he  was  compelled  to  increase  the  expenses  of 
San  Bias  and  the  Californias,  because  neither  the  explorations  to  higher 
latitudes,  nor  the  building  and  careening  of  vessels,  nor  higher  salaries  and 
gratuities  for  naval  officers  and  other  employes  could  be  dispensed  with^ 
for  the  reason  that  the  occupation  of  the  port  of  San  Francisco,  and  the 
development  of  Old  and  New  California  were  of  the  utmost  importance. 
The  increase  of  expenditure  was  also  due  to  the  reconnoisance  of  the 
Goatzacoalos  river  to  Tehuautepec,  undertaken  for  the  purpose  of  econo- 
mizing transportation  costs  on  artillery  from  Vera  Cruz  to  San  Bias  ; 
to  the  double  discoveries  which  by  land  were  effected  from  Sonora  to 
Monterey,  considered  by  the  Viceroy  indispensable ;  and  to  the  expedi- 
tion ( which  proved  to  be  a  failure )  from  the  presidio  of  Santa  F^,  in 
New  Mexico,  to  the  one  of  Monterey.     (16). 

47.  Bucareli  asked  for  and  was  given  ample  powers  to  incur  these 
expenses  and  all  others  of  equal  kind  without  the  previous  assent  of  the 
Royal  Treasury  Commissions.  He  reported  upon  the  uselessness  of  the 
port  of  San  Bias,  proposed  the  temporary  transfer  of  this  department  to 
the  one  of  Acapulco,  and  was  inclined  to  establish  it  later  on  in  a  more 
healthy  and  convenient  location  of  those  parts  discovered  in  Northern 
California.     All  this  was  approved  by  the  royal  order  of  January,  1777. 

Erection  of  the  Independent  Commandancy  General  of 
the  Provinces  of  the  Interior,  and  Measures  taken  by 
the  First  Commandant,  the  Chevalier  de  Croix,  in 
California. 

48.  At  this  time  the  independent  Commandery  General  of  the  Pro- 
vince of  the  Interior,  including  the  Californias,  was  formed  and  placed 
under  the  command  of  the  brigadier,  Chevalier  de  Croix,  who  established 
in  1780  and  1781  the  presidios  and  missions  of  the  Santa  Barbara  channel, 
founded  the  settlements  (pueblos)  of  San  Jose,  Guadalupe  and  Porciun- 
cula  (\7),  and  issued  a  separate  new  set  of  rules  (reglamento)  now  in 
force  at  that  peninsula,  and  which  His  Majesty  approved  October  24, 
1781. 


(15)  The  Bailio,  frey  Don  Antonio  Maria  de  Bucareli  y  Urstia,  former  Captain  Gen- 
eral of  Cuba,  arrived  in  Vera  Cruz  on  August  23.  1771 ;  took  possession  of  the  Vice 
Kingdom  on  September  2,  1771,  and  died  in  the  City  of  Mexico  on  April  9,  1779.  His^ 
remains  are  buried  in  the  Church  of  Our  i^ady  of  Guadalupe. 

(16)  The  Franciscan  Friars,  Francisco  Atanacio  Dominguez  and  Francisco  dejVeler 
Kscalante,  left  Santa  F6,  accompanied  by  eight  residents  of  that  town,  ou  July  29,  1776, 
and  followed  the  route  discovered  by  Don  Juan  Maria  Rivera,  in  1761.  After  having 
traveled  320  leagues  (960  miles)  they  arrived  at  Lake  Timpanogos  (Salt  Lake,  in  Utah) 
on  September  23.  Owing  to  the  lateness  of  the  season  the  project  of  reaching  Califor- 
nia was  abandoned,  and  the  expedition  turned  south  in  search  of  the  Colorado  river, 
which  they  crossed  October  7.  On  November  6,  they  arrived  at  the  Moqui  "  pueblo  "^ 
of  Oraibe,  lefl  it  on  Nov.  21,  and  reached  Santa  F^  on  January  2,  1777. 

(17)  The  settlement  of  San  Jos6  was  established  at  the  instance  of  the  Viceroy  in 
November,  1777,  and  the  one  of  Porciuncula,  or  more  properly,  Nuestra  Senora  de  Los. 
Angeles,  in  1781. 


EARLY    C  A  LI  FOR  N 


New  Rules.  (18) 

49.  They  were  drawn  by  the  governor,  don  Felipe  de  Neve,  and  all 
the  precepts  of  economy  were  strictly  adhered  to  ;  for  although  he  ex- 
cluded or  abolished  the  odious  unreasonable  overcharge  of  so  many  per 
cent  on  the  supplies  furnished  to  officers  and  soldiers,  he  also  diminished 
their  salaries  and  pay  ;  consequently  the  extra  balance  which  resulted 
against  the  royal  treasury  was  very  small.  But  as  during  the  time  of 
the  Viceroy,  Frey  don  Antonio  Bucareli,  the  little  maritime  department 
of  San  Bias  had  been  enlarged  ;  a  greater  number  of  artisans  and  a  few 
more  soldiers  assigned  to  the  presidial  companies  of  Monterey  and  San 
Diego ;  the  new  companies  of  San  Francisco  and  the  immediate  mis- 
sions formed  ;  and  as  afterwards  the  Chevalier  de  Croix  established  the 
settlements  on  the  Santa  Barbara  channel  (19),  therefore  the  yearly  ex- 
penditures of  the  peninsula  of  the  Californias  amounted  to  the  sum  of 
$85,616,  which  compared  with  the  amount  of  $26,579,  the  first  appro- 
priation, shows  an  excess  of  $59,047  without  including  the  expenses  of 
the  settlers  of  Guadalupe  and  Porciuncula,  who  during  the  first  three 
years  were  assisted  with  salaries  and  rations. 

Events  which  Occurred  on  the  Colorado  River. 

50.  Neither  are  included  in  the  above  expenditures  those  incurred 
during  said  years  of  1780  and  1781  for  enlisting  recruits,  families  of 
settlers,  purchase  of  mules  and  horses,  and  the  transport  of  all  of  these 
from  Sonora  to  Monterey.  Nor  do  these  expenses  contain  the  amount 
fruitlessly  expended  upon  a  settlement  on  the  Colorado  river,  which  the 
Yuma  Indians  destroyed,  killing  the  greatest  part  of  the  unfortunate 
settlers,  the  captain  appointed  for  conveying  the  supplies  of  the  Cali- 
fornias, together  with  nine  men  of  his  escort  and  four  friars  of  the 
Apostolic  College  of  the  Holy  Cross  of  Queretaro,  who  attended  to  the 
spiritual  welfare  of  said  settlements. 

61.  The  absolute  ruin  of  these  settlements  closed  the  door  to  com- 
munication between  Sonora  and  the  Californias,  and  although  it  was  the 
intention  to  open  the  route  again  by  building  a  strong  presidio  on  the 
banks  of  the  Colorado  river,  His  Majesty  ordered  this  project  to  be 
kept  in  suspense  until  a  more  convenient  time,  which  now  truly  is  ap- 
proaching ;  because  the  Dominicans  in  charge  of  the  missions  of  Old 
(Ivower)  California  are  extending  their  labors  to  the  countries  of  the 
Colorado  river,  a  step  very  opportune  and  in  conformity  with  the  royal 
"cedula,"  substituting  these  missionaries  in  the  place  of  the  exiled 
Jesuits.  (21) 

(18)  This  "  Rejflamento  "  was  formulated  June  1,  1779;  approved  by  the  King  Oct. 
21,  1781  printed  in  Mexico  in  1784.  The  lyAND  of  Sunshinb  published  a  fac  simile 
and  translation  Jan. -May,  1897. 

(19)  The  "  Presidio  "  of  Santa  Barbara  was  established  in  1782. 

(20)  After  Anza's  expeditions,  the  General  Commander  of  the  Interior  Provinces 
with  the  consent  of  the  court  of  Madrid,  permitted  the  establishment  of  two  missions 
"La  Purisima  Concepcion  "  and  "San  Pedro  and  San  Pablo  "on  the  actual  Califor- 
nia side  of  the  Colorado  river  under  the  precise  condition  that  each  mission  should 
have  10  soldiers  and  10  settlers  But  the  Yuma  Indians  did  not  take  kindly  to  this  new 
state  of  affairs  and  rebelled,  killing  the  four  missionaries,  Fathers  Francisco  Garces, 
Juan  Beroneche,  Juan  Diaz  and  Matias  Romero,  and  the  largest  part  of  the  escort  and 
settlers,  sparing  only  the  women  and  children.  Other  victims  were  the  sergeant  Juan 
Joi-e  Robles  and  Captain  Fernando  Rivera,  who  were  awaiting  there  the  arrival  of  a 
part  of  the  families  he  had  recruited  in  Sinaloa  and  Sonora  for  the  purposing  of  settling 
Los  Angeles,  Buenaventua  and  Santa  Barbara.  Seven  California  soldiers  also  perished 
at  the  hands  of  the  Yumas.  The  buildings  were  destroyed  by  fire.  He,  soon  as  the 
commander,  don  Pedro  Fages,  received  notice  of  this  misfortune,  he  went  with  troops 
to  the  Colorado  river,  recovered  the  bodies  of  his  murdered  compatriots  and  retook  or 
ransomed  most  of  the  women  and  children  kept  in  captivity  by  the  Yumas.  These 
events  happened  during  the  middle  and  end  of  March,  1782. 

(21)  The  Dominicans  by  virtue  of  a  royal  cedu la  of  November  4  1768,  claimed  a 
part  of  the  missions  of  the  Californias  for  their  share.  After  a  dispute  of  four  years 
with  the  Franciscans,  an  agreement  was  entered  into  between  both  on  March  21, 1772, 
and  on  Augrust  19,  1773  the  dividing  line  between  the  missions  of  both  orders  was  fixed 
at  a  point  45  miles  south  of  San  Diego.  This  point  was  marked  by  a  cross,  bearing  this 
inscription  :  "  Division  of  the  missions  of  our  father  Saint  Dominic  and  of  our  father 
Saint  Francis.  Year  1773,"  and  the  cross  was  securely  fixed  in  the  crack  of  a  large 
boulder  or  rock  which  stands  up  exactly  on  the  high  road. 

(to  be  continued.) 


42 


IN  THE 

LION'S  DEN 


The  patronizing  Bookman^  edited  by  Prof.  Peck,  remarks  amid  an  other- 
wise rather  incompetent  book-review : 

"California  seems  to  be  a  fertile  field  for  the  novelist,  and  we  in  the  East,  blessed 
with  the  opportunities  afiforded  by  our  advanced  civilization,  should  certainly  take  an 
interest  in  our  less  fortunate  brothers  in  the  far  West,  struggling  against  heavy  odds 
to  gain  for  themselves  equal  privileges." 

Which  *'  privileges,"  pray  ?  The  privilege  of  being  instructed  by  the 
underdone?  The  privilege  of  laughing  at  the  sort  of  "  scholar"  who 
can  translate  Latin  with  a  dictionary,  and  who  thinks  California  walks 
abroad  clothed  in  a  G-string  and  a  little  brief  authority  ?  That  we  need 
not  "  struggle  for."  The  U.  S.  mails  reach  even  unto  the  far  West,  and 
we  can  read  the  Bookman  as  regularly  as  a  New  Yorker,  if  we  have 
nothing  else  to  do — or  if  we  do  not  grudge  time  in  pursuit  of  humor. 
The  privilege  of  living  in  a  city  distinguished  mostly  by  having  the 
rottenest  government  and  the  vilest  newspapers  and  two  of  the  most  un- 
weaned  reviews  on  the  habitable  globe  ?  Well,  we  can  stand  that  de- 
privation. God  made  California  and  Croker  is  making  New  York. 
Every  man  to  his  own. 

Now  it  is  a  matter  of  truth  that,  for  the  whole  State  and  for  every  city 
in  it,  California  has  a  higher  percentage  of  literacy,  culture  and  morals 
than  New  York  city.  It  has  as  good  colleges,  churches,  schools  (and 
more  of  each  per  thousand  population.)  It  hasn't  as  big  libraries,  but 
uses  its  libraries  500  per  cent.  more.  It  has  fewer  and  less  splendid 
theaters — but  it  has  more  than  our  fathers  had,  which  is  enough.  It 
has  as  good  water,  police  and  hygienic  and  charitable  service ;  incom- 
parably better  street  transit  and  lighting.  It  has  an  incomparably 
larger  percentage  of  citizens  who  own  their  own  homes ;  of  citizens 
who  have  something  to  show  for  their  lives  ;  of  college-bred  men  and 
women  ;  above  all,  of  people  who  are  not  provincials  lost  in  their  own 
back  yard.  And  every  Easterner  who  is  fairly  leavened  of  intelligence 
knows  this.  He  need  not  have  traveled.  The  statistics  and  history  of 
his  own  country  are  enough  if  he  is  really  a  scholar,  and  not  a  preten- 
tious dunce. 

We  do  not  lack  even  that  **  blessing  of  advanced  civilization  "  which 
the  Bookman  really  means — for  all  our  people  come  from  the  East.  Only, 
out  here,  we  do  not  put  unleavened  dough  into  "literary  journals."  We 
sometimes  elect  it  to  a  city  council — and  are  properly  ashamed  of  our- 
selves after.  So  the  Bookman  need  not  "take  an  interest"  in  us. 
We  have  our  compensations.  One  is  remembering  a  matter  we  learned 
in  the  East  (and  are  thence  reminded  of).  Namely,  how  many  Pecks 
it  takes  to  make  an  honest  bushel — the  smallest  thing  a  Californian  ever 
counts  by. 

AVE8  A  Republic  is  a  country  where  people  discuss  things.  A  despot- 

OR  FREE  ism  is  a  country  where  they  do  not.     An  idiot  asylum  is  a  place 

CITIZENS.  where  they  don't  even  care  to. 

So  when  you  hear  some  one  crying  that  we  must  shut  our  mouths  and 
eyes  and  follow  the  flock  and  its  temporary  bell-wether,  you  can  know 
that  that  person  is  only  half  an  American.     He  may  have  been  born  in 


IN    THE   LION'S   DEN.  43 

this  country,  but  he  has  never  got  acclimated.  He  really  believes  in 
the  divine  right  of  kings  ;  only  his  king  happens  to  be  the  crowd  or  the 
party.  Honest  discussion  is  the  diflference  between  serfs  and  freemen, 
and  the  party  or  the  cause  that  cannot  bear  it  is  born  to  be  drowned — and 
already  feels  itself  sinking. 

The  organized  effort  of  the  administration  papers  to  scare  us      not 
out  of  discussing  the  Philippine  question  is  as  foolish  as  it  will  to  be 

be  fruitless.     To  yell  "  traitor"  to  every  American  who  dares  scared. 

to  think  without  asking  Mr.  Hanna's  permission,  shows  that  the  yellers 
know  as  little  of  business  as  of  morals.  For  this  is  not  a  nation  of  slaves. 
We  like  fair  play  and  free  speech,  and  we  are  not  so  stupid  as  not  to 
know  when  they  are  assailed.  We  are  not  ready  for  a  Kaiser  and  les^ 
majesty  and  all  that.  Kaisering,  in  a  Republic,  has  to  be  very  judicious, 
else  in  a  moment  we  shall  turn  and  laugh  in  his  face,  and  the  * '  divine 
robes"  will  fall  away,  and  the  servant  of  the  people  will  stand  naked  to 
the  rebuke  of  his  masters. 

They  are  either  not  very  thoughtful  or  not  very  honest  who      not  yet 
are  crying,  •'  Sh  !  you  mustn't  think  in  time  of  war  !"  treason 

Every  sober  man  knows  that  in  the  intended  sense  Mw  is  no  to  think. 

"time  of  war."  The  argument  rests  on  such  war  as  menaces  the  country, 
and  then,  indeed,  a  patriot  may  have  to  fight  first  and  think  afterwards. 
But  to  pretend  that  this  nation  is  in  such  danger  from  the  Filipinos  that 
we  must  put  our  reason  under  martial  law  is  a  little  too  absurd.  Lawton, 
and  there  is  no  better  fighter,  has  had  twenty-two  "battles"  in  thirty 
days,  and  got  six  men  killed  and  thirty  wounded.  The  only  danger 
this  country  is  in,  or  ever  will  be  in,  is  from  the  citizens  who  think  self- 
government  is  a  sort  of  blind  man's  buflf,  and  that  all  they  have  to  do  is 
to  shut  their  eyes  and  minds  and  grope  in  the  wake  of  the  gentleman 
who  is  "It." 

The  Scientific  American  has  proved  that  conscience  and  com-      late 
petency  can  give  an  ancient  and  honorable  name  to  the  "organ"  and 

of  a  firm  of  patent-solicitors,  and  this  is  a  highly  creditable  silly. 

achievement.  But  the  S.  A.  would  better  stick  to  cog-wheels  and  let 
ethnology  alone  if  it  has  to  get  its  ethnology  from  a  hotel  tout.  It  can 
hardly  be  expected  to  understand  how  idle  the  signature  of  tr.  Wharton 
James  in  type  looks  to  any  student  or  to  any  long-lime  Californian,  but 
it  is  expected  to  know  the  gross  misspelling  and  structural  ignorance  of 
the  article  in  its  Supplement  of  April  22.  It  ought  also  to  know  that  the 
Enchanted  Mesa  has  been  settled  by  scientists,  and  that  it  is  nearly  two 
years  too  late  for  discredited  fakirs  to  exploit  their  ignorance.  It  is  ex- 
pected not  to  print  so  imbecile  an  argument :  "  There  was  an  Enchanted 
Mesa,  but  the  Enchanted  Mesa  is  not  the  Enchanted  Mesa — because  its 
ruins  are  less  visible  than  some  other  ruins  200  miles  away."  Might  it 
never  occur  to  a  scientific  editor  that  erosion  varies  with  the  hardness  of 
the  rock  ?  In  the  self-same  valley  of  Acoma,  10,000  acres  are  eaten  away 
500  feet  deep.  That's  why  there  is  a  valley,  amid  which  the  table  rocks 
of  Acoma,  Katzimo  and  other  mesas  tower  mightily  aloft.  By  the  S.  A. 
logic  they  cannot  have  survived  the  waste  of  all  that  giant  valley. 
Therefore  they  have  not  survived.  Ergo,  the  rocks  we  climb  and  photo- 
graph, and  that  people  live  and  die  on,  are  figments  of  our  and  their 
imaginations.  Of  course  Mr.  James  is  not  entitled,  by  scholarship  or  by 
other  reputation,  to  speak  to  any  scientific  question  ;  but  the  Scientific 
American  is  entitled  to  take  a  little  better  care  of  its  readers. 

Every  true  American  must  wish  a  seaching  investigation  of  the      let 
charges  made  by  scores  of  American  soldiers,  that  some  of  our  us  have 

troops  in  the  Philippines  are  looting  houses  and  killing  pris-  light. 

soners — and  no  Algerian  investigation  will  do.  These  charges  are  made 
not  by  mugwumps  at  home,  but  by  our  boys  in  the  field.    The  thing 


44  LAND   OF  SUNSHINE. 

seems  beyond  belief.  Certainly  most  American  soldiers  do  not  do  these 
things.  Yet,  anyone  who  saw  the  Tennesseeans,  for  instance,  terrorize 
San  Francisco  knows  that  there  are  two  kinds  of  American  soldiers.  At 
any  rate,  these  things  should  be  looked  into.  Some  of  the  boys  may  have 
written  home  a  little  boastfully,  but  if  they  have  lied  about  our  army 
they  should  be  shot ;  if  they  haven't  lied,  someone  else  should  be  shot. 

MOT  The  abolitionists  were  "traitors"  to  the  same  notch  of  intel- 

ALL  THE  lects  that  now  call  the  anti-imperialists  so,  and  for  the  same 

TIME.  reason — because  they  believed  that  even  presidents  and  parties 

should  obey  the  eternal  laws  of  justice.  The  same  degree  of  ministers 
preached  then  for  the  "  Divine  institution"  of  slavery  as  preach  now  for 
civilizing  the  Filipinos  by  killing  them,  and  for  the  same  reason  :  namely, 
because  they  thought  God  was  a  crowd.  The  same  sort  of  people  who 
braved  unpopularity  and  mobbing  then,  for  conscience  sake,  are  doing  it 
now.  They  will  be  as  fully  vindicated  by  time,  and  for  the  same  reason: 
namely,  that  "  You  can't  fool  all  the  people  all  the  time,"  as  Lincoln 
pithily  expressed  the  final  truth  about  American  sense  and  conscience. 

DUR  Apaches,  before  now,  have  tried  in  their  blundering  way  to 

OWN  be  impolite  to  prisoners;  and  the  Inquisition — that  remarkable 

SAVAGES.  and  unpleasant  religious  police  —  had   certain    methods  not 

wholly  neighborly.  But  never  did  Apaches,  Spaniards,  Hottentots  nor 
pirates  remotely  rival  the  postgraduate  fiends  of  Palmetto,  Ga.;  citizens 
of  the  United  States,  assembled  on  the  23d  of  April,  in  the  year  of  grace 
1899,  to  show  their  true  nature.  In  the  name  of  all  the  gods  at  once, 
what  do  we   need  of  new  Cannibal  Islands,  so  long  as  we  have  Georgia? 

.ETTERS  The  Den  has  well  over  50,000  readers.    Undoubtedly  not  all 

AND  of  them  agree  with  the  lyion.     But  being  Americans — or  free- 

LETTERS.  men  wherever,  for  many  are  in  foreign  lands  —  they  respect 

independence.    Being  educated  people,  they  are  tolerant  of  thought ; 

and  even  in  a  diflference  of  opinion  they  are  not  blackguards. 

Out  of  these  50,000  and  odd,  the  Lion  has  had  three  scurrilous  letters 
— or  rather  two  ;  for  a  Florida  gentleman  who  values  a  cent  above  his 
dignity,  committed  his  vulgarity  to  a  postal  card. 

If  this  little  magazine,  on  the  Far  Edge,  has  50,552  readers  who  are 
men  and  women  that  believe  in  free  thought,  and  only  three  who  are 
hoodlums  that  do  not,  there  is  large  hope  for  our  experiment  of  a  re- 
public. 

In  the  same  time,  between  700  and  800  letters  of  earnest  godspeed 
have  come  to  the  Den.  From  United  States  Senators,  from  ex-cabinet 
officers,  from  college  presidents,  from  scholars,  poets,  and  all  sorts  of 
plain  Americans.  Conscience  isn't  a  matter  of  arithmetic.  This  beast 
would  think,  and  "  think  open,"  with  what  little  tools  God  has  given 
him,  if  he  were  the  only  molecule  in  the  universe  that  thought  so.  But 
it  is  comforting  to  find  oneself  in  good  company. 

The  interesting  Mr.  Denby,  one  of  the  Liberator's  commissioners, 
assures  us  that  the  commission's  sophomoric  "Proclamation"  to  the 
Filipinos  **  is  the  most  important  proclamation  since  the  Declaration 
of  Independence."  Of  course  it  is.  Precisely  as  Mr.  Denby  is  a  more 
important  person  than  one  A.  Lincoln,  who  once  issued  an  obscure  pro- 
clamation— to  emancipate  slaves,  not  to  make  them. 

The  proclamation  to  the  Filipinos  justly  observes  that  **  there  can  be 
no  real  conflict  between  American  supremacy  and  the  rights  and  liber- 
ties of  the  Filipinos."  Of  course  there  cannot.  Shooting  a  man  down 
has  nothing  to  do  with  his  rights  or  liberty.  Only  a  dude  or  a  mug- 
wump could  imagine  for  a  moment  that  it  had.  Aren't  we  going  to 
give  him  a  better  government — and  incidentally  a  home  in  heaven? 
Even  if  we  must  (as  Shafter  pleasantly  observes)  kill  off  five  million 
Filipinos  to  pacify  the  other  five  million. 


IN    THE    LION'S    DEN.  45 

Summer  !    How  the  word  has  reformed  since  we  used  to  know      summer 
it !     For  nearly  every  one  of  us  now  out  here  in  God's  country  in  god'S 

knew  summer   where   it  was  a  profane  word — back  yonder,  countr 

under  the  humid  skies  where  it  swelters  and  stews  and  sweats  and 
swears.  We  knew  it  as  a  synonym  of  discomfort  not  unmixed  with 
danger  ;  of  sultriness  and  stickiness,  of  boiled  faces  and  mopped  brows  ; 
of  peril  from  the  sun  and  scant  betterment  by  the  shade.  We  knew 
breathless  days  and  gasping  nights  ;  and  every  now  and  then  a  neighbor 
sunstruck.     Summer  was  a  season  to  "  get  away  somewhere.  " 

But  now  we  have  got  away  for  good  from  that  whole  bungling  dic- 
tionary. We  have  come  to  a  land  in  whobC  bright  lexicon  winter  and 
summer  are  heavenly  twins,  words  of  good  cheer.  Here,  summer  is  a 
word  to  conjure  by.  We  are  never  knocked  down  by  the  sun,  never 
enervated,  never  wilted.  Children  play  and  men  work  daylong  in  the 
ardent  sunshine ;  in  the  shade  the  weakest  invalid  never  has  to  gasp. 
And  the  summer  nights !  This  beast  has  known  Southern  California 
for  fifteen  years ;  and  in  that  time  has  never  seen  a  night  there  when  he 
needed  less  than  two  heavy  blankets.  That  is  one  reason  why  a  decent 
climate  is  not  enervating.  And  if  in  any  Eastern  August  a  divine  reve- 
lation could  show  the  benighted  what  a  California  summer  actually  is, 
no  one  would  be  left  in  the  East,  except  those  too  poor  to  buy  a  ticket 
or  too  lame  to  walk. 

These  pages  go  to  press  when  it  cannot  be  known  what  the      which  shall  be 
Hague  shall  bring  forth.     We  have  sent  good  men  thither—  the  more 

though  with  a  strange  sound  in  their  ears.     Let  us  hope  that  a  enlightene 

republic— M^  Republic — shall  do  as  well  as  the  heaviest  monarchy  on 
earth  for  the  hopes  of  humanity.  And  we  shall  have  more  grace  in 
doubting  the  Czar's  sincerity  when  we  have  shown  some  of  our  own. 
Universal  peace  is  only  another  word  for  universal  common  sense. 

The  movement  to  found  a  great  Woman's  College  in  Pasadena  will  win  if       NOTHING 
California  brains  are  half  as  endemic  as  they  think  they  are.    There  are  |g  jqq  qqqq 

plenty  of  rich  people  in  Southern  California,  and  some  elsewhere,  with  wits 

enough  to  recognize  the  value  of  such    an  investment— its  value  for  the  F*^"  "^ 

country  and  for  the  girls,  if  American  girls  might  be  colleged  in  a  decent  climate  ;  if,  in 
the  most  critical  period  for  themselves  and  for  the  next  generation  they  might  not  only 
acquire  algebra  but  good  bodies,  and  be  noiselessly  relieved  of  the  hideous  nervous 
system  which  the  present  generation  has  invented  for  women.  Prof.  Bragdon,  who  is 
at  the  back  of  the  plan,  is  no  ignote  Squeers  out  of  a  job,  but  head  of  the  old  Lasell 
Seminary  at  Auburndale,  Mass.,  and  a  man,  East  or  West.  He  would  make  a  worthy 
college.  A  girl  on  the  average  would  live  longer  and  happier  who  was  educated  in  a 
"country"  college  in  California  than  in  the  rarest  hot  house  of  the  refrigerated  Hast. 
But  we  can  have  just  as  good  colleges  here  as  there.  And  the  Ivion  thinks  nothing  is 
too  good  for  a  good  American  girl. 

A  coast  publication  regrets  that  Stanford  University  has  a  president  whose  BRAINS 
soul  IS  his  own  ;  and  by  contrast  lauds  President  Harper  of  Chicago  Uni-  ^j^q 

versify  for  being  too  smart  to  have  any  opinions  on  crucial  public  questions.  cu  aptimcr 

Every  man  to  his  sort,  of  course,    But  there  are  Americans  who  do  not  SMARTNtb 

think  the  highest  qualification  for  a  college  president  is  that  he  be  an  artful  dodger  or 
a  moral  fugitive.  And— leaving  aside  Dr.  Jordan's  safe  plurality  in  brains— there  are 
Californians  proud  of  having  for  our  head  teacher  the  better  citizen  of  the  two. 

When  the  average  newspaper  does  any  serious  work  in  American  econom-  PRETTY 
ics— tariff,  finance  and  the  like— it  generally  borrows  Edward  Atkinson's  SMALL 

brains.    This  lends  peculiar  humor  to  the  present  newspaper  assault  on 

that  quiet,  dry  but  brave  old  man.    There  is  perhaps  no  American  whose  BUSINESS, 

learning  is  more  universally  in  circulation  ;  for  he  happens  to  be  the  first  authority  on 
topics  we  handle  every  day.  The  most  childish  thing  ever  done  oflacially  in  the  United 
States  was  to  suppress  him.  Atkinson  mailed  eighi  copies  of  his  pamphlets  (which 
are  documents  of"  the  U.  S  Senate)  to  Admiral  Dewey,  Gen.  Otis  and  six  other  officers 
in  Manila.  He  notified  the  government  what  he  was  doing;  and  the  government  was 
worried  enough  to  tami>er  with  the  mails — our  mails,  not  Mr.  Atkinson's  nor  the  ad- 
ministration's—and stop  documents  of  congress  lor  fear  they  would  corrupt  Dewey! 

The  packers  who  sold  the  beef  are  commended.    The  Commisary  General        LIKE 
who  bought  it  gets  a  vacation  at  $6500  a  year     The  Secretary  of  War  who  POLITICS 

fixed  the  contracts  is  "vindicated."    The  American  soldiers  who  ate  the  '  c   ace 

beef  are  not,  indeed,  exonerated  ;  but  there  seems  to  be  no  disposition  to  LIKE   BEE 

punish  them— or  such  of  them  as  survived  it.    The  only  man  found  guilty  is  the  Com- 
manding General  who  objected  to  having  American  soldiers  eat  rotten  beef.    But  this 
.  is  a  merciful  country.    In  Guatemala  Miles  would  be  dungeoned  or  shot  for  proving  the 
'  War  Department  as  spoiled  as  its  beef.    Here  we  let  him  off  with  a  reprimand. 


OD 


So  good  a  thing  never  befell  letters   as 

will  happen  them  if  the  time  shall  ever 

>'  come  again  when  people  write  only  because  they 

Kn'^f"  ■"    .^  have  to.     That  is,  because  they  contain  something  and  it 

t^>'C"^'*  won't  be  contained  longer.     If  it  were  made  a  felony  to 

write  anything,   doubtless   literature  would    become    nobler  at    once. 

Those  whose  lava  burned  in  them  would  risk  prison ;  but  the  present 

itching  90  per  cent,  would  hold  in  their  dust.     We  have  nowadays  few 

bursting  reservoiis;  but  many  gilded  pumps  fetching  up  soda-water 

from  unknown  shallows. 

Stanley  Waterloo,  whose   S/ory  of  Ab,  the  cave-man,  was  so 
SHORT  much  out  of  the  ordinary,  and  withal  so  interesting,  now  pub- 

STORiES.  lishes  a  volume  of  short  stories  under  title  of  The  Wolf's  Long 
Howl.  The  twenty  tales  are  of  a  rather  wide  assortment,  some  tragic, 
some  mirthful,  some  touching — and  nearly  all  good  reading.  Their 
leading  quality  is  ingenuity.  Well-taken  and  unexpected  plots  are 
decidedly  Mr.  Waterloo's  best  hold.  There  is  also  an  attractiveness  in  • 
his  medium,  by  force  of  its  directness  mingled  with  a  certain  whimsi- 
cality. The  most  intimate  criticism  to  be  made  is  that  his  stories  do  not 
happen y  while  we  read  them.  We  are  never  quite  able  to  forget  that 
they  are  being  told.     H.  S.  Stone  &  Co.,  Chicago.     $1.50. 

RLAND'S  As  to  the  strength  of  Hamlin  Garland's  unusual  novel.  Rose 

STALWART  of  Dutcher' s  Coolly^  there  can  be  no  two  opinions.     It  is  full  of 

ANIMAL,  power,  in  description  and  in  human  character.  As  to  its  taste, 
there  may  yery  properly  be  quarrel.  It  is  clearly  not  of  the  virgini- 
busque  orA.^r  \  yet  older  people  are  not  less  vulnerable.  "Rose"  is  a 
strong  figure.  Every  girl,  doubtless,  has  had  something  of  her  contacts, 
biit  we  do  not  account  it  needful  to  record,  in  life  or  in  fiction,  every 
time  she  hears  an  obscenity,  nor  every  intimate  animal  tide  that  may 
surge  in  her.  Unless  we  are  disembodied  we  can  take  certain  things  for 
granted,  and  I  think  Mr.  Garland  has  not  helped  his  large  story  by 
yielding  to  what  he  thought  frankness.  The  Macmillan  Co.,  New 
York,  $1.50. 

A  year  or  so  ago  a  sensation  was  made  by  a  novel  of  immacu" 
WITHOUT  late  conception  up  to  date.  Its  title  was  Without  Sin,  and  its 
SIN"  author,  '*  Martin  J.  Pritchard,"  turned  out  to  be  a  handsome 
young  woman.  A  new  novel  from  her  hands,  The  Passion  of  Rosamond 
Keith,  is  as  unconventional  in  its  plan,  which  involves  the  naked  cruci- 
fixion of  the  heroine  in  the  Albanian  mountains.  Yet  the  book  is  not 
in  any  sense  prurient ;  and  despite  a  good  many  impossibilities  is  very 
good  reading.     H.  S.  Stone  &  Co.,  Chicago.     $1.50. 

An  unnoted  slip  in  the  March  number  merits  correction.  The  Fran- 
ciscans of  the  Mission  Santa  Barbara  of  course  would  not  permit  any 
desecration  of  the  Mission.  They  did  not  count  it  a  desecration  that 
the  Princess  Louise  and  President  Harrison's  wife  stepped  into  their 
beautiful  garden.  Therefore  the  garden  did  not  need  to  be,  and  was 
not,  **  reconsecrated." 


OTHER 


THAT   WHICH    IS    WRITTEN.  47 

A  Little  Legacy y  by  Mrs.  L.  B.  Walford,  is  a  collection  of  seven  swtet, 
unaflfected  English  short  stories,  somewhat  of  the  fairy  godmother  com- 
plexion but  so  well  told  that  no  cynic  need  mind  the  secure  triumph  of 
love  and  virtue — and  without  even  a  villain.  The  volume  is  one  of  the 
dainty  "  Blue  Cloth  Books.'     H.  S  Stone  &  Co.,  Chicago,  75  cents. 

Charles  Battell  Loomis,  an  undeviating  humorist  whose  pranks 
reach  from  Dan  unto  Beersheba — yea,  verily,  from  the  Independent  even 
so  far  as  Town  Topics — has  made  a  very  attractive  little  book  of  Just 
Rhymes.  They  are  clever  rhymes  themselves,  and  greatly  exalted  by 
Miss  Cory's  unusual  drawings.     R.  H.  Russell. 

D'Arcy  of  the  Guards  is  a  very  taking  little  novel  of  the  War  of  Inde- 
pendence, by  Louis  Evan  Shipman.  The  adventures  of  the  fighting 
Irishman  and  his  defeat  by  a  lovely  "  rebel"  of  Philadelphia,  are  good 
reading.     H.  S.  Stone  &  Co.,  Chicago,  $1.25. 

Chas.  Dexter  Allen  the  well-known  bibliophile  and  student  of  book- 
plates has  begun  the  publication  of  In  Lantern  Land,  a  sound,  sane 
little  monthly  bent  to  letters.  It  is  bright,  courageous  and  interesting. 
Box  1 147,  Hartford,  Conn.     %\  a  year. 

Wm.  Geo.  Jordan,  who  made  Current  Literature  what  it  was,  has  just 
resigned  the  editorship  of  the  Saturday  Evening  Posty  of  which  he  was 
equally  the  pith.  It  will  be  interesting  to  watch  for  his  breaking  out 
in  a  new  place. 

J.  C.  L.  Clark,  of  Lancaster,  Mass.,  has  issued  a  booklet  of  Verses. 
And  very  good  verses,  too.  Probably  the  neatest  is  his  retort  to  Kip- 
ling's bitter  sarcasm  of  **  Adam-Zad."     The  Czar's  message  of  peace  is 

"  Christ  speaking  through  a  man 
And— perhaps  you  understand  him  as  well  as  an  Englishman  can.'* 

La  Creme,  a  tiny  but  beautiful  monthly  bibelot,  publishes  one  com- 
plete story  per  issue.  No.  1  contains  Kipling's  "My  Lord  the  Elephant." 
Chas.  E.  Brown  &  Co.,  Boston,  25  cents  a  number. 

Edwin  Markham's  The  Man  with  the  Hoe,  and  other  poems,  fill  a  vol- 
ume now  in  press  with  the  Doubleday  &  McClure  Co.  It  promises  to 
be  an  important  addition  to  California  literature. 

Sonora  Ilustrado,  by  J.  R.  Southworth,  **  writes  up  "  another  North 
Mexican  State  from  the  commercial  standpoint ;  and  has  a  large  number 
of  half-tones  to  illustrate  the  text. 

The  Advocate  of  Peace,  Boston,  surprises  one  by  the  vigor  and  breadth 
of  its  speech.     It  is  the  kind  of  speech  that  appeals  to  any  sober  man. 

Mansfield  &  Wessels,  N.  Y.,  issue  the  Kipling  Note  Book,  a  neat  and 
interesting  series  of  jottings.     15  cents. 

The  Philippines  Co.,  N.  Y.,  issues  a  map  and  a  concise  sketch  of 
Manila  and  the  Philippine  Islands. 

A  small  book  oi  Poetns  is  published  for  H.  A.  Farrand,  Philadelphia. 
There  are  passages  of  strength. 


BY    MARGARET   COLLIER    GRAHAM. 


LLF-MAOE  Discontent  is  the  offspring  of  irresponsibility.     The  self-made 

RESPONSIBILITIES.       generally  trace  results  to  their  rightful   course,    and  desiring 
credit  for  their  triumphs  are  fain  to  shoulder  their  defeats  as 
well. 

The  man  who  holds  himself  responsible  for  himself  is  withheld  from 
bemoaning  his  failures  by  the  same  modesty  that  forbids  him  to  boast  of 
his  successes,  but  the  rickety  soul  that  fastens  its  faults  upon  circum- 
stance fills  the  air  with  its  egotistical  ferment. 

Self-depreciation  is  a  crude  form  ot  vanity,  an  endeavor  to  make  others 
say  what  we  should  like  to  think  of  ourselves.  To  accept  our  limitations 
with  dignity  and  spare  the  world  their  reiteration  is  almost  to  overcome 
them.  One  cannot  know  himself  too  well,  but  he  should  remember 
that  society  has  need  only  of  his  virtues — his  shortcomings  are  for  those 
who  love  him. 

^E  MORE  If  women  complain  more  than  men  it  is  because  they  have  put 

COM  PLAIN  ERS.  their  lives  out  of  their  own  hands.  Their  rewards  are  not  ac- 
cording to  their  deserts.  Having  shifted  their  responsibility 
they  have  no  personal  pride  in  the  result.  A  married  woman's  poverty 
merits  no  more  severe  reproach  than  "  poor  thing."  Her  success  elicits 
no  higher  praise  than  "fortunate  creature!"  Some  one  else  makes 
heaven  or  havoc  of  her  life.  If  the  latter  she  is  answerable  for  but  one 
mistake — her  marriage.  And  who  has  not  made  one  mistake  !  She  may 
complain  if  she  be  so  minded.  Unfortunately  she  is  often  so  minded, 
and  she  will  remain  so  while  life  is  not  her  own  to  make  or  to  mar.  If 
personal  responsibility  is  ever  merged  into  political  socialism  we  may 
expect  our  men  to  become  what  the  best  of  our  women  are  striving  to 
escape.  Already  we  see  will  and  character  crumbling  at  the  edges  from 
the  corrosion  of  paternalistic  theories. 

RCUMSTANCES  If  the  "downmost  man  "  is  down  by  reason  of  the  weight  of 

OR  GRAVITATION,  circumstances,  and  not  from  gravity,  every  man  above  becomes 
part  of  his  burden,  and  may  reproach  himself  there  tor  accord- 
ing to  the  sensitiveness  of  his  moral  cuticle.  This  sympathy  and  self-re- 
proach do  no  harm  to  him  who  feels  them  ;  it  is  when  the  man  below 
begins  to  feel  sorry  for  himself  that  trouble  brews.  Self-pity  is  the  first 
step  in  moral  dirintegration.  The  real  danger  of  the  trust  is  not  economic 
but  moral — the  substitution  of  **  somebody  should"  for  "I  must."  And 
yet  the  inherent  moral  force  of  humanity  generally  proves  greater  than 
we  foresee.  There  have  been  countless  unfulfilled  prophecies  of  evil  in 
the  world's  history,  while  the  best  that  has  come  has  seldom  been 
foretold. 

TERNATE  Not  least  amongst  the  evils  of  partisan  politics  is  the  tradition 

PESSIMISTS.         by  which  half  the  press  of  the  country  is  foresworn  to  pessim- 
ism while  the  opposing  party  is  in  power.    Society   already 


THE   ANCLE   OF  REFLECTION.  49 

doubts  itself  more  than  the  facts  warrant.  We  say  human  nature  does 
not  change,  but  every  reform  bears  witness  to  the  contrary.  Possibly 
with  the  world,  as  with  the  individual,  reform  is  rather  an  increase  of 
discipline  than  a  change  of  heart.  Humanity  learns  to  handle  its  forces 
better,  to  check  benevolence  in  the  interests  of  justice  aud  modify  justice 
in  the  interests  of  benevolence. 

Just  at  present  society  has  reached  the  stage  of  the  "good-hearted 
fellow"  who  gives  to  beggars  because  he  thinks  it  "awfully  hard  lines" 
to  beg.  The  beggar  meanwhile  lets  his  benefactor  work  for  relatively 
the  same  reason.  Each  saves  himself  pain.  By-and-by  each  will  learn 
that  he  cannot  help  himself  or  another  by  hurting  either. 

We  are  manifestly  a  people  of  great  things.     We  abound  in       "the  Biggest 
material  for  bluster.     Our  size,  our  numbers,  our  wealth  we  on  earth  " 

have  always  with  us.  Even  our  frauds  are  gigantic.  Individual 
knowledge  that  these  things  have  little  to  do  with  happiness  does  not 
perceptibly  affect  our  national  burliness.  You  and  I  know  that  the  mag- 
nificence and  perfection  of  our  battle-ships  are  an  infinitesimal  factor  in 
daily  comfort  compared  with  the  excellence  of  our  door-locks  and 
hinges,  but  we  maintain  a  discreet  silence  concerning  these  domestic 
worries  when  we  are  in  the  society  of  nations. 

In  the  privacy  of  our  homes  it  sometimes  occurs  to  some  of  us      why, 
to  wonder  vaguely  why  a  people  who  lead  the  world  in  great  indeed? 

enterprises  cannot  have  their  streets  cleaned  and  their  dishes 
Washed  with  less  irritation  of  soul.  Why  the  merchant,  the  farmer  and 
the  housewife  still  have  for  their  motto,  **  If  you  want  ifcdone  well  do  it 
yourself."  Why  we  paint  such  glowing  pictures  of  our  national  future 
and  say,  "Of  course  you  can't  expect-:-"  of  every  political  and  social 
reform.  Why  we  are  hopeful  of  the  mass  and  hopeless  of  the  individual. 
Why  the  **  flower  of  our  young  men"  will  gaily  give  themselves  as  tar- 
gets for  Mauser  bullets  and  hide  themselves  behind  a  desk  or  a  game  of 
golf  to  escape  an  Australian  ballot.  Why  we  have  so  few  rough  riders 
over  oflficial  corruption  among  those  who  "still  have  their  way  to 
make."  Why  the  men  who  brave  hunger,  exposure  and  death  for  glory 
and  the  women  who  applaud  them  for  it  turn  pale  at  the  thought  of  a 
little  poverty  for  principle  .  Why  we  cannot  put  an  end  to  lynching  in 
the  South  and  to  political  pilfering  in  the  North.  And  as  the  wonder 
grows  there  comes  to  some  of  us  an  unpatriotic  impulse  to  have  one 
Fourth  of  July  in  ten  set  aside  for  the  public  recital  of  what  we  have  not 
done.  A  day  for  the  nation  to  afflict  its  soul  ;  not  because  it  cannot 
mend  all  these  things  ;  not  because  it  is  not  slowly  mending  some  of 
them,  but  because  in  spite  of  its  greatness  it  is  mending  so  few  of  them 
and  those  so  slowly. 

Sooth  Pasadena,  Cal. 


50 


An  Afternoon  in  Chinatown. 


BY  OLIVE    PERCIVAL. 


*Y*UST  across  the  historic  little  Plaza  of  the  old  town  of  Los  Angeles 
/^A  and  opposite  the  quaint  old  Church  of  Our  Lady  of  the  Angels, 
\c>^  is  a  fascinating  bit  of  the  Orient.  It  is  the  Chinese  Quarter,  fa- 
miliarly called  Chinatown. 

Here,  in  the  narrow,  sunless  streets  of  Our  Cathay,  are  the  pictur- 
esqueness  of  the  Far  East  and  its  wealth  of  pure,  rich  colors  ;  here,  also, 
are  its  squalor  and  its  odor. 

Gliding  silently  along  the  streets  or  posing  about  the  gloomy  door- 
ways, you  see  brightly-clad  creatures,  whom  you  have  previously  met 
only  on  tea-chests  and  fans.  That  wonderful  personage  standing  there 
in  the  shadow-box  of  his  own  doorway  is  a  wise  and  great  doctor,  skilled 
in  the  healing  virtue   of  dragon's  blood,  bodies  of  lizards  and  snakes. 


C.  M.  Davis  Eng.  Co. 


GROUP   OF   CHINESE   CHILDREN. 


dried  bugs  and  blood  and  teeth  of  the  tiger.  Look  at  his  immaculate 
white  socks — at  his  queer  shoes  and  pale-green  trousers  tied  down  around 
his  slender  ankles  ;  and  under  his  sleeveless  wadded  jacket  of  violet 
brocade  he  is  wearing  a  splendid  yellow  tunic.  His  extreme  haughti- 
ness of  manner  is  eminently  becoming  to  one  in  such  garments  clad.  Only 
coolies  laugh  and  chatter  on  the  streets  or  in  the  presence  of  "foreign 
devils,'  those  strange  beings  who  travel  for  mere  pleasure  and  who  act- 
ually walk  in  public  side  by  side  with  women 

That  little  fellow  in  the  faded  green  silk  frock  and  Chinese  shoes,  and 
American-made  sailor  hat  and  rusty  corduroy  pants,  is  creeping  back  to 
school  at  the  prescribed  school-boy  pace.  His  primer  is  the  same  as  that 
adopted  by  the  Board  of  Education  a  thousand  or  two  years  ago  and,  as 
his  lessons  must  be  all  studied  aloud,  he  develops  lung  power  while  the 
immediate  neighborhood  dreams  of  machine  shops  and  saw-mills.  He 
memorizes  what  the  sages  have  writ  about  ancestor- worship,  filial  piety 
and  avoiding  evil  company — he  writes  with  a  brush  and  India  ink — and 
is  altogether  strangely  interesting.  He  is  as  self-conscious  as  the  school- 
boy of  any  other  nation  when  visitors  are  present — and  compels  atten- 
tion by  shrieking  his  lesson  louder  than  the  combined  others  or  by  pull- 


AN   AFTERNOON    IN    CHINATOWN.  5' 

ing  the  queue  of  his  neighbor.  He  evidences  a  healthy  interest  in  fire- 
works, ice-cream  and  circus  processions. 

You  pass  the  Chinese  theater,  where  is  billed  one  of  the  popular  plays 
of  one  or  two  hundred  acts — where  is  offered  one  of  the  few  remaining 
opportunities  for  the  study  of  the  drama  in  its  pristine  freshness.  In 
front  of  the  vendor  of  sweetmeats  on  the  corner,  is  a  butterfly  cluster  of 
bright-eyed,  bright-robed  children  who,  as  you  approach,  cease  their 
blackbird  chatter  and  inspect  you  with  interest.  If  you  carry  no  camera, 
you  may  be  favored  with  a  few  little  smiles  and  friendly  monosyllables. 
But  with  a  camera  how  can  you  expect  to  be  popular  among  these  well- 
informed  little  people  who  very  well  know  that  the  picture-taking  ma- 
chine brings  nothing  but  evil  fortune  to  the  living  and  distress  to  the 
spirits  of  their  ancestors,  at  whose  tablets  they  worship  ? 

This  dame  who  stops  and  buys  some  sugared  cocoanut  shavings  and 
roasted  melon  seeds,  is  on  her  way  to  the  joss-house — where  she  feels 
impelled  to  go  and  burn  some  incense  sticks  and  to  pray  for  The  Three 
Happinesses,  long  life,  a  family  of  sons  and  wealth.  She  did  not  come 
from  the  foot-binding  section  of  China  and  so  her  feet  are  of  natural 
size.  She  is  a  fine  lady  and  does  not  whiten  her  face  with  rice  powder, 
nor  redden  her  lips,  nor  wear  gay  flowers  in  her  hair — like  the  poor, 
pitiable  slave-women.  Her  frock  and  her  trousers  are  of  poplin  of  some 
inconspicuous  color,  and  her  little  elegancies  of  dress  seem  to  be  only  a 
bracelet  and  ear  ornaments  of  jade.  She  wears  no  hat — therefore  her 
hair  is  wonderfully  dressed.  She  screens  her  face  from  the  gaze  of  the 
curious  with  a  fan  of  pheasant  feathers. 

You  follow  at  a  respectful  distance  and  stand  at  the  joss  house  gateway, 
listening  for  a  time  to  the  clang  and  the  quiver  of  the  gongs  and  sniffing 
the  incense  clouds.  Then  you  pass  along  the  many  strange  little  streets, 
where  the  buildings  are  sunless  yet  not  cheerless — for  gay  lanterns  swing 
from  the  balconies  and  wooden  awnings,  mysterious  placards  of  red, 
green,  yellow,  adorn  the  walls — and  on  the  window-ledges  and  balcony 
railings  are  rows  of  china  flower-pots  in  which  bloom  showy  flowers. 

That  butcher-shop  is  decidedly  less  attractive  than  its  bric-a-brac 
neighbor  but,  from  various  standpoints,  it  is  quite  as  interesting.  The 
Chinaman  can  roast  a  pig,  dry  a  duck  or  make  an  amazing  sausage — all 
in  ihe  most  distinctly  original,  skilful  fashion — yet,  withal,  an  array  of 
these  delicacies  does  not  appeal  to  the  fastidious  Yankee,  however 
hungry.  The  discreet  Yankee  is  not  severely  critical — while  sight-see- 
ing in  Chinatown.  That  stupid,  uninteresting  coolie  standing  there  on 
the  edge  of  the  unswept  pavement  (apparently  unaware  of  your  appear- 
ance) may  suddenly  turn  and  in  very  plain  English  hurl  the  old  fact  at 
you  that  his  nation  was  civilized  before  the  advent  of  Abraham,  Isaac  or 
Jacob. 

In  the  curio-shop  next  door,  you  will  find  tea-pots,  the  apparent  mod- 
els of  those  first  imported  to  Europe  (such  as  were  used  in  the  day  of  the 
interesting  Mr.  Pepys)  that  have  proved  very  satisfactory  to  the  Chinese 
tea-drinker  for  hundreds  of  years.  Why,  pray,  shonld  a  chauge  be  made  ? 
There  are  infinities  of  tea-cups,  all  handleless,  saucerless ;  there  are 
brandy-pots  with  their  accompaniment  of  thimblebowls  ;  there  are  brace- 
lets and  ear-  and  hair-ornaments  and  fans  and  vases  and  sandalwood- 
boxes  ;  there  are  silks  and  embroideries.  These  curio-shops  are  a  fasci- 
nation, even  after  you  have  cheerfully  handed  your  last  car-fare  over  the 
dusty  counter. 

If  you  are  particularly  adventuresome  or  thirsty  you  end  your  after- 
noon ramble  in  Chinatown  with  a  cup  of  tea  d  la  Chinoise.  A  haughty, 
dark -robed  Celestial,  with  his  queue  coiled  in  a  Psyche  knot,  a  scarlet 
napkin  in  his  hand,  places  a  little  bowl  of  clear,  fragrant  tea  on  the 
marble-topped,  teak-wood  table  before  you.  His  unapproachable  Dig- 
nity brings  you  no  spoon,  no  cream,  no  sugar — not  even  a  slice  of  lemon; 
but  he  does  bring  you  a  pretty  little  dish  of  sugared  mysteries.  Then  you 


52 


LAND    OF-  SUNSHINE. 


remember  that  the  Orientals  take  sweets  with  their  tea  and  coffee,  in- 
stead of  bread  and  butter  and  many  other  things — and  while  you  wait 
for  the  scalding  beverage  to  cool,  you  experiment  with  the  sweetmeats 
and  speculate  about  the  Chinese  inscriptions  on  the  wall  hangings. 

Next  best  to  a  trip  to  Hong  Kong,  or  any  of  the  other  Heavenly  Cities 
of  the  Celestial  Empire,  is  a  ramble  in  Chinatown — Cathay  in  miniature, 
and  on  your  side  of  the  Pacific. 

Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


J\           J" 

■/     /     /    V 

^B^  -^ 

p 

C.  ML.  Uavis  Eng.  Co. 


A    CHINESE   SI.AVE. 


Photo,  by  Taber,  S.  F. 


53 


War  Views  in  the  Philippines. 

BY    CEO.    C      DOTTER   OF   STEERE'S    BATTERY. 


TiiK    CASilLI^A,    SUNK   BY   ADMIRAI<   DEWKV    IN    MANILLA    HARBOR. 


SAN    ROQUE,    BURNED   BY    RETREATING   INSURGENTS. 
C.  M.  Davis  Eng.  Co.  Photos,  by  Geo.  C.  Dotter,  Battery  D.  U.  S  V. 


I 


Mmsmmmmm 

C.  M.  Davis  Eng,  Co. 


A    STREET   IN   MANIIyA.     Plioto*  ^T  Geo.  C.  Dotter,  Battery  D,  U.  S,  V. 
(Calle  de  San  Pedro.) 


CM.  Davis  Eng.  Co. 


Photo,  by  Mrs.  P.  A.  Stanley. 


THE  SPOUTING  WEIvI<  AT  WHITTIER,    CAI^. 

The  derrick  is  49  ft.  higli,  and  the  casing  10-inch.     This  gives  a  standard  for  estimating  the  height  of  the  jet. 


'i  \  B  R  A~ 

Of-  THR 


IJN-IVERSIT 


^  I  Ml 


1*1 


U^l 


II      II 


CALIFORNIA  BABIES 


!l     I! 


I!     II     II     II 


If 


C.  M.Davis  En  g.  Co. 


HAPPY    AS    A    BIRD. 


Photo,  by  Schumacher. 


CALIFORNIA    BABIES. 


6i 


^t^?r 


^■i 


L.  A.  Eng.  Co. 


•I     3 


THE   ORATOR. 


Photo,  by  Steckel. 


C.  M.  Davis  Eng.  Co 


WHO    SAID    DINNER?"  Photo  by  Mojonier. 


Mausard-CollierEng.  Co.     ''ONE    SHOE    OFF    AND    ONE    SHOE    ON."  Photo,  by  Scholl. 


64 


A  Great  Mountain  Resort 


m 


»HE  mountain  resorts  within  convenient  reach  of 
Los  Angeles  are  numerous  and  interesting.  Each 
X  lias  its  own  individual  charm  and  merit ;  but 
among  them  all  Bear  Valley  is  unique.  Nothing 
could  be  more  wholesomely  satisfying.  No  en- 
gine shriek  disturbs  its  quietude  nor  does  the  dis- 
tant hum  of  business  life  recall  care  and  excite- 
ment. Voices  there  are,  but  of  nature  undis- 
turbed, nature  not  out  of  tune.  The  chirrup  of 
the  chipmunk,  the  cough  of  the  squirrel,  the  call 
of  the  quail,  the  bubbling  of  the  brook,  the  sough 
of  the  wind  through  the  pines,  blend  in  a  ca- 
dence of  restful  harmony.  There  are  all  the  good 
things  too  for  the  outer  and  inner  man — homely 
comforts.  There  is  rest  a  plenty  and  hard  work 
enough  for  the  seeking,  but  of  the  demands  of 
fashionable  society  and  reminders  of  business  per- 
plexities none.  Free  from  unnatural  restraint 
body  and  mind  recover  tone,  while  nature  be- 
comes purified  and  the  soul  expanded  as  is  only 
possible  when  removed  from  narrow  ruts  and  self- 
ish ends  and  surrounded  by  "God's  first  temples."  It  will  renew  the 
interest  of  those  who  have  enjoyed  its  trout  brooks  and  lake,  its  mineral 
springs  and  pine-scented  ozone  to  learn  that  the  time  and  distance  of 
the  trip  have  been  shortened  by  half  through  the  construction  of  a  new 
route.  Heretofore  the  visitor  was  compelled  to  spend  the  night  at  San 
Bernardino  and  then  undergo  a  stage  ride  from  sunrise  to  sunset.  Now 
one  can  breakfast  at  Los  Angeles  and  dine  the  same  day  at  Gus  Knight's 
Bear  Valley  Resort ;  or  returning,  breakfast  in  the  regions  of  the  snow- 
plant,  lunch  amid  the  orange  groves  of  Redlands  and  dine  at  Los  Ange- 
les or  the  ocean. 

By  the  new  route  Bear  Valley  is  but  24  miles  by  stage  from  Mentone, 
on  the  Santa  Fe,  or  Crafton  on  the  Southern  Pacific  railway.  The  stage 
leaves  the  former  station  at  10:30  and  the  latter  fifteen  minutes  later,  on 
the  arrival  of  the  first  morning  train  from  Los  Angeles,  beginning  June 
13th,  20th,  and  27th,  and  thereafter  on  each  Tuesday,  Thursday  and  Sat- 
urday until  October.  The  stage  leaves  Bear  Valley  on  Mondays,  Wed- 
nesdays and  Fridays,  arriving  at  Redlands  at  noon. 

Regular  round  trip  tickets  for  the  stage  can  be  secured  for  |5.00,  or  one 
way  for  $3.00  at  132  South  Spring  street,  Los  Angeles,  or  from  the  Santa 
V€  ticket  agent  at  Pasadena  or  Redlands.  The  toll  for  private  convey- 
ances is  the  cheapest  of  any  mountain  road  into  the  same  regions. 

Excursion  tickets  for  the  round  trip  from  Redlands,  including  one 
week's  board  and  lodging,  are  |13.00.  The  regular  rates  for  board  and 
lodging  are  $2.00  a  day,  or  $10.00  a  week,  and  include  hotel  apartments, 
private  or  adjoining  furnished  log  cabins,  fresh  beef,  milk,  butter,  fish, 
game  and  vegetables  and  fruits  in  season.  Tent  grounds,  horses,  sad- 
dles, vehicles,  guns  and  fishing  tackle  can  be  rented,  and  provisions  pur- 
chased. A  log-cabin  dining-room,  and  the  pleasure-hall  with  its  piano 
and  huge  fireplace  compete  for  popularity,  while  recently-completed 
golf  links  (one  of  the  best  in  California)  near  the  hotel,  divide  honors 
with  fishing  and  hunting,  driving  and  mountain-climbing. 

The  new  Bear  Valley  and  Redlands  Toll  Road  enters  the  Santa  Ana 
Caiion  and  crossing  over  into  Bear  Creek  Caiion  ascends  the  summit  near 
Bluflf  Lake,  a  point  noted  for  its  commanding  view,  extending  from  Red- 
lands  and  San  Bernardino  to  Perris  and  Alessandro,  and  out  to  the 
islands  of  the  ocean.  Here,  too,  is  the  last  glimpse  of  the  haunts  of  men 
before  disappearing  into  those  of  the  grey  timber  squirrel  and  deer. 


66 


LAND    OF  SUNSHINE. 


-^ 


v.;^^^||^'-^ 


'4*#^ 


C.  M  Davis  Eng  Co 


TUK   BKAR    VAl,l,KY   STAGS),    WHEEIw-DEeP   IN   FKRNS. 


F.  A.:Sclinell,Photo. 


Often  passing  refreshing  springs,  crossing  snow-fed  trout-brooks,  skirt- 
ing deep  gorges  and  traversing  fern  glens  and  tndless  park-like  forests 

of  statelv  pine,  spruce 
and  hemlock,  the  route 
in  itself  more  than  re- 
pays the  undertaking. 
In  Keller's  Caiion  the 
road  passes  for  two 
miles  through  a  veri- 
table arbor  of  large 
alders  and  emerges  at 
the  head  of  the  canon 
of  beetling  and  rug- 
ged cliffs. 

Unlike  the  old  route, 
this  one  lias  no  ad- 
verse grades.  It  is  a 
steady  ascent  of  the 
south  side  of  the  range 
to  an  altitude  of  7600 
feet  and  as  steady  a 
descent  into  the  heart 
of  the  mountains  to 
the  6000-foot  level  at 


A  PARADISE.  FOR   CHII^DREX. 


Gus  Knight's    Camp. 
This  lies  within  about 


A    GREAT  MOUNTAIN    RESORT. 


67 


*  ^  M-  t  * 


A    FIVE    HOUR    CATCH    FOR    TWO    RODS    FROM    BEAR    VALI^EY    LAKE. 

a  mile  of  Bear  Valley  Lake,  which  has  for  years  supplied  orchards  forty 
miles  below.  Its  borders  encroach  upon  the  surrounding  timber  during 
the  winter,  but  receding  in  summer  provide  excellent  pasturage  for 
hundreds  of  fine  cattle.  Mountain  beef  is  noted  for  its  tenderness  and 
flavor— and  the  air  at  this  place  is  so  pure  and  dry  that  the  unsealed  but 
screen-lined  log  meat  house  rivals  all  the  mechanical  refrigerating  pro- 


A    PORTION    OF   GUS   KNIGHT'S   CAMP,    BEAR   VALLEY. 

cesses  of  the  lowlands.  In  fact  the  purity  and  dryness  of  its  atmosphere, 
its  mineral  springs,  the  maguificeut  surroundings  and  opportunity  for 
rest  and  recreation  must  soon  render  the  present  facilities  for  seventy 
guests  but  the  beninning  of  a  growth  to  an  immense  patronage.  F.  p. 


A  Unique  Ocean  Resort. 


w 


^HETHER  the  Terminal  Railway  Com- 
pany knew  what  a  good  bargain  they 
were  getting  in  the  purchase  of  the 
long  strip  of  sand  dunes,  between  San 
Pedro  Bay  and  the  Wilmington  Estuary, 
is  not  a  matter  of  definite  record.  The 
company  needed  this  piece  of  land  to  give 
them  an  outlet  to  the  harbor  that  was  des- 
tined to  be  constructed  at  San  Pedro :  that 
was  all  ;  but,  in  acquiring  it,  they  came 
into  possession  of  the  most  complete  and 
satisfactory  watering  place  and  seaside  resort  to  be  found  anywhere  in 
the  vicinity  of  Los  Angeles. 

In  a  comparatively  small  compass,  Terminal  Island  combines  all  the 
advantages  that  go  to  make  the  various  other  resorts  severally  desirable. 
It  is  accessible,  well  improved,  surrounded  by  a  beautiful  outlook  in 
every  direction,  with  perfect  surf- bathing,  calm  water  for  boating,  op- 
portunities for  yachting,  fishing  either  by  boat  or  from  the  wharf,  with 
good  golf  links,  and  with  hotel  accommodations  of  the  most  satisfactory 
character — what  more  can  one  ask  of  a  beach  resort  ? 

This  strip  of  land  is  called  an  island  only  by  courtesy,  so  to  speak  ; 
for  the  narrow  thread  of  tide  water  that  formerly  divided  it  from  the 
mainland  has  long  since  been  filled  in.  Here  is  something  that  many 
of  us  have  long  been  seeking — an  island  that  one  may  reach  without 
going  aboard  ship.  You  may  ride  all  the  way  comfortably  in  the  cars 
of  the  Terminal  railway,  making  the  trip  in  about  forty  minutes,  and 
the  trains  are  so  arranged  as  to  allow  the  man  of  business,  who  takes  his 
summer  vacation  on  the  installment  plan,  to  spend  his  nights  at  the 
beach  and  his  days  in  town. 


AT  TERMINAI,   ISLAND. 


A    UNIQUE   OCEAN    RESORT. 


69 


The  ocean  beach  of  the  Island  faces  to  the  southeast,  for  the  coast-line 
from  Long  Beach  to  San  Pedro  takes  a  southwesterly  turn.  Thus  the  in- 
habitants of  the  Island  may  behold  the  sun  of  a  morning  rise  out  of  the 
Pacific.  To  the  southward  lies  Dead  Man's  Island,  and  beyond  that, 
Catalina.  San  Pedro  is  to  the  northwest,  and  Wilmington  and  Los 
Angeles  to  the  north. 

The    ocean     thus    enclosed    is 

calmer  than  at  most  other  points      ' 

along  the  seaboard  near  Los  An- 
geles. There  is  a  surf,  of  course, 
and  at  rare  intervals — perhaps  ten 
days  in  the  year  —  good-sized 
breakers  come  in  ;  but  as  a  rule, 
the  waves  are  just  the  height  to 
give  the  bathing  a  zest  that  still 
water  can  never  impart.  As  the 
water  is  shallow — for  the  beach 
shelves  slowly  for  a  considerable 
distance — the  temperature  of  the 
water  is  exceptionally  warm. 
There  is  no  undertow  or  danger- 
ous deep  water  currents,  and  no 
rocks  mar  the  smooth  level  of 
the  sandy  beach.  A  more  per- 
fect combination  for  bathing  purposes  it  would  be  impossible  to 
devise. 

From  the  ocean  side  to  the  interior  bay  is  a  five-minute  walk,  for  the 
Island  is  narrow  and  fiat.  The  Estuary  is  a  perfectly  calm  sheet  of 
clear  water,  with  a  background  of  gray  hills  and  picturesque  old  build- 
ings.    The  view  strongly  suggests  Holland,  and  is  a  favorite  one  with 


THE  OLD   BREAKWATER   LEADING   TO  DEAD   MAN'S    ISLAND. 


C.  M.  Davis  Eng  Co. 


YE  TERMINAI,  TAVERN. 


Photo,  by  Pierce. 


70 


LAND    OF  SUNSHINE. 


local  artists.  Here  are  boats  and  motor  launches  to  be  had,  of  all  kinds 
and  sizes,  and  one  may  cruise  about  in  the  interior  bay,  or  may  round 
Dead  Man's  Island  or  Point  Firmin  into  the  open  sea.  There  are  also 
many  sailing  craft,  and  in  the  summer  months,  famous  yacht  races 
take  place  in  the  bay  in  front  of  the  Island. 

The  fishing  is  excellent,  either  from  the  end  of  the  wharf,  where  one 
may  land  surf  fish,  rock  bass,  smelt,  or  whiting,  or  from  a  boat  where 
he  will  get  baracuda  and  yellow  tail. 

There  are  good  golf  links,  and  the  game  is  much  played  on  the  Island. 


i 


C.  M  Davis  Eng   Co. 


TYPICAI,   SURF  BATHING  SCENliS. 


Photos,  by  Dau^'herty. 


A    UNIQUE   OCEAN    RESORT. 


7i 


If  the  visitor  is  disposed  to  explore  the  surrounding  country,  he  may 
visit  San  Pedro  and  the  light-house  at  Point  Fermin,  or  do  a  three  mile 
walk  on  the  shingle  to  Long  Beach.  Dead  Man's  Island  is  a  favorite 
place,  in  spite  of  its  grewsome  name,  for  beautiful  natural  aquaria  are 
to  be  seen  there.  Considerable  shipbuilding  is  under  way  at  the  west- 
ern end  of  Terminal  Island  ;  and  the  harbor  construction  is  beginnine 
near  the  Point.  ^ 

Although  the  building  of  summer  residences  on  the  Island  began 
only  three  years  ago,  the  beach  is  now  im- 
proved for  nearly  a  mile,  with  a  broad,  firm 
sidewalk,  electric  lights,  and  several  score 
of  cottages.  The  latter  are,  for  the  most 
part,  of  artistic  design,  full  of  individuality, 
and  are  much  more  elegant  than  the  struct- 
ures  one  usually  beholds  at 
I  seaside  resorts.  A  high  stand- 
ard was  established  in  the  be- 
ginning, and  it  has  been  pretty 
,^l  steadily  maintained.  Of  course 
j)tm  ^^^  these  manifold  advantages 
of  Terminal  Island  would 
amount  to  but 
little  to  the  gen- 
eral public — es- 
pecially to  those 
dwelling  in  the 
interior  towns 
— if  there  were 
no  large  hotel 
for  the  accom- 
modation of 
visitors;  and  un- 
til this  year,  the 
Island  has  lack- 
ed that  one 
great  and  im- 
portant feature. 
Thanks  to  the 
enterprise  of 
Mr.  Frank  S. 
Gordon,  the 
want  is  now  fill- 
ed. "The  Gor- 
don Arms,'' 
which  will 
open  about  the  first  of  July,  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and  most  per- 
fectly equipped  hotels  to  be  found  at  any  Southern  California  watering 
place.  It  can  accomodate  about  100  guests.  There  are  no  inside  rooms 
and  all  are  unusually  fine  in  arrangement  and  furnishings — twenty  of 
the  suites  being  connected  with  private  baths.  Card  rooms  and  ladies' 
parlors  are  connected  by  folding  doors  with  a  most  inviting  office.  There 
are  huge  clinker-brick  fireplaces  both  in  the  office  and  on  the  second 
floor. 

The  36  X  60  foot  dining  room  occupies  the  end  of  the  ell  of  the  build- 
ing and  thus  commands  a  good  view  of  the  ocean  and  the  inner  bay. 

As  the  cuisine  of  the  hotel  will  be  first-class,  it  is  furnished  with  a 
perfectly  equipped  kitchen  with  all  the  latest  improvements. 

The  hotel  is  lighted  by  e'ectricity  and  is  provided  with  call  bells  in 
every  room. 

One  of  the  most  popular  features  of  this  hotel  will  be  the  porches. 


A  CATCH  OF  BARRACUDA  AND  YELLOWTAIL. 


72 


LAND    OF   SUNSHJNE. 


American  Eng.  Co. 


STII.I.  WATER   BOATING 


SURF  BOATING. 


1 


74 


LAND    OF  SUNSH  INE. 


MR.   FRANK  S.   GORDO^f. 


From  the  upper  terrace,  which  is  reached  from  the 
second  story,  one  may  sit  out  in  the  air  and  enjoy  the 
view  of  the  ocean,  which  rolls  up  just  below,  or  the 
bay  to  the  north.  The  lower  porch,  18x360  feet  in 
size,  is  much  of  it  enclosed  in  glass,  and  this  portion 
will  be  used  for  the  purposes  of  grill  rooms  and  cafe. 
North  of  the  hotel  there  are  a  number  of  cottages, 
with  rooms  arranged  in  suites  with  separate  outside 
entrances.  These  are  for  the  use  of  guests,  who  will 
take  their  meals  at  the  hotel.  They  are  supplied  with 
electric  bells  and  every  convenience. 

In  front  of  the  hotel  runs  the  beach  promenade — a 
broad  walk  over  a  mile  in  length  and  lighted  from 
end  to  end  by  electricity. 

Sixty  feet  of  frontage  near  the  hotel  will  be  devoted 
to  the  hotel's  surf  bath  house.     This  will  have  forty 
dressing  rooms,  a  ladies'  hair- dressing  parlor  and  a 
barber  shop.     Its  upper  story  will  be  converted  into 
an  observatory  and  roof-garden  with  seats,  etc. 

Fine  golf  links  near  the  hotel  will  prove  an  addition  to  such  other 
outdoor  amusements  as  surf  bathing,  fishing,  bicycling  and  driving  on 
the  hard  beach,  promenading  on  the  long  walk,  yachting  and  still 
water  boating. 

The  manager,  Mr.  S.  P.  Anderson,  a  well  known  hotel  man,  formerly 
connected  with  the  Van  Nuys  Annex,  will  conduct  the  hotel  after  the 
most  approved  methods.  It  will  be  a  first-class  house  of  the  same  grade 
as  the  Coronado,  Van  Nuj'S  and  Green,  but  the  prices  will  be  as  moderate 
as  the  entertainment  furnished  will  allow. 

A  convenient  and  attractive  new  depot  has  been  added  to  the  railway 
facilities  of  Terminal  Island,  so  that  trains  to  and  from  the  city  can  stop 
within  a  few  hundred  feet  of  The  Gordon  Arms,  and  it  is  only  a  short 
walk  from  it  to  the  golf  links  and  the  boat-house. 

There  is  no  doubt  that  this  will  prove  one  of  the  most  popular  sea- 
side hotels  to  be  found  anywhere  on  the  California  coast,  attracting 
visitors  both  in  the  summer  and  the  winter  months  ;  for  the  winter 
climate  of  Terminal  is  warm  and  pleasant,  as  its  summer  climate  is  cool 
and  bracing. 

Ye  Terminal  Tavern  is  a  comfortable  beach  house,  containing  a 
number  of  pleasant  rooms,  where  visitors  may  be  accommodated,  and 
providing  a  good  fish  dinner  for  the  man  who  visits  the  Island  merely 
for  the  day.  It  is  near  the  wharf  and  the 
Terminal  bath  house  and  pavilion,  where 
the  band  plays  on  Sundays  and  holidays,  and 
it  is  here  that  the  great  crowd  of  daily  visitors 
from  the  city  congregate.  It  is  under  new 
management,  Mr.  McCament,  the  well  known 
Pasadena  caterer,  having  recently  leased  the 
place. 

The  still  water  pastimes  made  possible  by 
the  inner  harbor  have  indeed  been  an  attrac- 
tion enjoyed  by  no  other  coast  point  within 
easy  reach  of  Los  Angeles,  but  the  real  pop- 
ularity of  the  place  dates  from  the  establish- 
ment of  its  shore  conveniences. 

With  its  new  and  beautiful  hotel,  and  with 
a  number  of  new  cottages  and  other  im- 
provements, the  outlook  for  a  lively  and 
entertaining  season  at  Terminal  this  year  is 
certainly  most  promising.  photo  by  warceau 

MR.  S.  P.  ANDERSON. 


A  BROADWAY  ACCESSION. 

A  IvMOST  opposite  the  Broadway  establishment  of  B.  F.  Coulter  &  Co.,  andafe\^ 
^  doors  north  of  the  quarters  of  the  Friday  Morning  Club,  has  been  opened  i 
branch  of  the  Ingleside  Floral  Company's  Spring  street  store. 

Finished  in  -white  and  gold  throughout,  its  mirrors  reflecting  the  cut-flowei 
laden  counters,  and  its  large  inclosed  window  space  filled  with  carnations,  swee 
peas,  amaryllis,  hot-house  roses,  tropical  palms  and  rare  ferns,  it  is  at  once  the  mos 
artistic  and  inviting  establishment  on  this  well  appointed  street. 

An  innovation  in  this  connection,  but  a  most  harmonious  and  delicious  one,  is  i 
$4000  Tufits  soda  fountain.  It  is  assuredly  the  most  delicately  artistic  fountain  ii 
this  section,  while  its  forty  syrups  and  six  mineral  waters  will  also  be  found  unsur 
passed  in  number  and  flavor.     It  is  of  beautifully  grained  Italian  onyx,  which,  un 


Eu({  Co  Photo,  by  Maude. 

BRANCH   OF  INGLESIDE  FLORAI,  COMPANY'S   SPRING  STREET  STORE, 


326  SOUTH   BROADWAY. 


like  the  Mexican  stone,  is  of  the  most  delicate  shades  of  light  green,  gray  and  pur 
white.  Together  with  its  plate  mirrors,  elegant  coffee  urn,  fine  counter  service  an 
young  lady  attendants,  it  gives  a  finishing  touch  to  quarters  which  impresses  thei 
daintiness,  cleanliness  and  artistic  charm  on  all  who  enter. 

That  a  great  many  will  enter  is  assured  by  the  attractive  glimpse  to  be  had  of  th 
interior  from  the  sidewalk  and  the  strains  of  exquisite  music  from  a  large  Regin 
music  box  at  the  far  end  of  the  store. 

With  the  thirty  acres  of  outdoor  flowers  and  the  17,000  square  feet  of  glassco\ 
ered  hot-houses  of  the  famous  Ingleside  gardens  at  his  command,  the  proprietoi 
Captain  F.  Kdward  Gray,  has  become  indispensable,  not  only  to  the  tourist  an 
small  buyer,  but  in  the  decoration  of  halls,  churches,  residences,  weddings,  funei 
als,  etc.,  as  well  as  in  shipping  cut  flowers,  seeds  and  bulbs  to  all  points  in  California 
Arizona  and  New  Mexico  and  more  distant  Eastern  points. 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "saw  it  in  the  I,and  of  Sunshine 


ERM 

IINAL  ISLAND 

The 
Ideal 
Sportsman's 
Resort 

BEST 
FISHING 

BEST 
BATHING 

BEST 
BOATING 

W; 

Q 

r 

BEST 
SAILING 

LOTS   FOF 

\   SALE 

Edward  D.  Silent  &  Co., 

212  West  Second  St.  los  Angeles 

C.A.SUMNER  &  CO., 

134  South  Broadway,' Los  Angeles 

FURNISHED  HOUSE, 

TERMINAL  ISLAND 

TO  RENT  during  August  and  September,  a 
nine- room  house  —  five  bedrooms  —  at  Terminal 
Island  ;  completely  furnished  throughout ;  fronts 
on  the  ocean,  in  best  locality.  Price  |80  per 
month,  or  $150  for  the  two  months.  Will  rent 
August,  September  and  October  for  $200. 
Zl  ,  Address,  TERMINAL  ISLANDER, 
Care  of  L,and  of  Sunshine, 

501  Stimson  Bldg., 

T,o8  Angeles. 

Berlin  Dye  and  Cleansing  Works 

DRY    PROCESS 

M.  S.  KoRNBLUM,  Proprietor. 

348  S.  Broadway,      Tel.  Main  675 

Works  cor.  Washington  St.    and    Griffith  Ave. 
Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


ASTHMA 

rr  IS  OUB  SPECIALTY 

Bronchitis,  Lungjhroat, 

Wasting  and  Nervous 

Diseases  cured  to 

stay  cured  1 1 

Oof  New  Method  treatment  and 
Remedies  Cure  all  Stomach,  Liver, 
Kidney  and  Chronic  Blood  Diseases 

FRHB  our  Book  on  Health 
Dr.  Gordin's  Sanitarium 

5l4  PINE  St.,  H.  F.,  Cal. 

CONSULTATION    FREE. 


^ 

i 

H- 

V 

^1 

lA/ILL  develop  or  reduce 
"  any  part  of  the  body 


A  Perfect  Complexion  Beautifler 
and 

Remover  of  Wrlnides 

Dr.  John  Wilson  Gibbs' 

THE  ONLY 

Electric  Massage  Roller 

(Patented  United  States,  Europe, 
Canada.) 
"  Rs  work  is  not  confined  to  the 
w_j    M    ,-  T,     ■  X      o        '"ce  alone,  but  will  do  good  to  any 
Trade-Mark  Registered.      part  of  the  body  to  which  it  is  ap- 
plied, developing  or  reducing  as  desired.     It  is  a  very  pretty 
addition  to  the  toilet-table."— Chicago  Tribune. 

"This  delicate  Electric  Beautifler  removes  all  facial  blemishes. 
It  is  the  only  positive  remover  of  wrinkles  and  crow's-feet.  It 
never  fails  to  perform  all  that  is  expected." — Chicago  Times- 
ilerald. 

"The  Electric  Roller  is  certainly  productive  of  good  results. 
I  believe  it  the  best  of  any  appliances     It  is  xafe  and  effective." 
— Harriet  Hubbard  Ayer,  New  York  World. 

For  Massage  and  Curative  Purposes 

\n  Electric  Roller  in  all  the  term  implies  The  invention  of  a 
physician  and  electrician  known  throughout  this  country  and 
Kurope.  A  most  perfect  complexion  beautifler.  Will  remove 
wrinkles,  "crow's-feet"  (premature  or  from  age),  and  all  facial 
blemishes— POSITIVE.  Whenever  electricity  is  to  be  used  for 
massaging  or  curative  purposes,  it  has  no  equal.  No  charging. 
Will  last  forever  Always  ready  for  use  on  ALL  PARTS  OF  THE 
BODY,  for  all  diseases.  For  Rheumatism,  Sciatica,  Neuralgia, 
Nervous  and  Circulatory  Diseases,  a  specific  The  professional 
standing  of  the  inventor  (you  are  referred  to  the  public  press 
for  the  past  fifteen  years),  with  the  approval  of  this  country 
and  Europe,  is  a  perfect  guarantee.  PRICE  :  Gold,  $4  00 ; 
Silver,  |3  00.  By  mail,  or  at  office  of  Gibbs'Company,  1370 
Broadway,  Nkw  York.     Circular  free 

The  Only  Electric  Roller. 
All  others  so  called  are  Fraudulent  imitations. 


Copyright. 


Copyright. 


"Can  take  a  pound  a  day  off  a  patient,  or  put  it  on." — New 
York  Sun,  Aug.  30,  1891.  Send  for  lecture  on  "GreatjSubject  of 
Fat."        NO  DIETING.        NO  HARD  WORK. 

Dr.  John  Wilson  Gibbs'  Obesity  Cure 
For  the  Permanent  Reduction  and  Cure  of  Obesity 

Purely  Vegetable.  Harmless  and  Positive.  NO  FAILURE.  Your 
reduction  is  assured — reduced  to  stay.  One  month's  treatment 
$5.00.  Mail,  or  office,  1370  Broadway,  New  York  "On  obesity, 
Or.  Gibbs  is  a  recognized  authority. — N.  Y.  Press,  1899." 

REDUCTION  GUARANTEED 

"The  cure  is  based  on  Nature's  laws"— New  York  Herald, 
July  9,  1893. 

Deafness  Cannot  be  Cured 

by  local  applications,  as  they  cannot  reach  the 
diseased  portion  of  the  ear.  There  is  only  one 
way  to  cure  Deafness,  and  that  is  by  constitu- 
tional remedies  Deafness  is  caused  by  an  in- 
flamed condition  of  the  mucous  lining  of  the 
Eustachian  Tube.  When  this  tube  gets  inflamed 
you  have  a  rumbling  sound  or  imperfect  hear- 
ing, and  when  it  is  entirely  closed  Deafness  is 
the  result,  and  unless  the  inflammation  can  be 
taken  out  and  this  tube  restored  to  its  normal 
condition,  hearing  will  be  destroyed  forever  ; 
nine  cases  out  of  ten  are  caused  by  catarrh, 
which  is  nothing  but  an  inflamed  condition  of 
the  mucous  surfaces. 

We  will  give  One  Hundred  Dollars  for  any  case 
of  Deafness  (caused  by  catarrh)  that  cannot  be 
cured  by  Hall's  Catarrh  Cure.  Send  for  circulars, 
free.  F.  J.  CHENEY  &  CO.,  Toledo,  O. 

|3(r*Sold  by  Druggists,  75c. 

HARDWOOD  FLOORING .... 

Parquet— strip— Wood  Carpet— T.  &  G.  Oak 

and  Maple  Flooring.      Oak  floors  laid  and 

polished,  $1  25  per  yard. 
Rinald  Bros.  Porcelain  Enamel  Paint  for  bath  tubs, 

walls  or  wainscoting,  in  all  colors. 
EXCELSIOR  FliOOR  POI.ISHING  CO., 

Marshall  &  Jenkins 
Tel.  Green  1611.     430  S.  Broadway,  I,os  Angeles. 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Land  of  Sunshine. 


Outing  Pleasures 


made 
complete 


when  Outing  Goods  are    HOpripp'Q 


We  place  at  your  disposal  the  best  results  of  long  experience  and  careful  thought, 
assembling  a  complete  stock  of  Practical  Sporting  Goods. 

No  fancy  gim  cracks  to  fail  you  under  tlie  test  of  real  use, 
but  just  tiie  things  needed  in  this  section. 

'yc  MnpC    We  make  a  better  tent  for  .less  money  than  any  other  house . 
*  t-iA^  *  ^    We  can  prove  this  statement. 

r*  A  A/l  D    CI  TDMinri  TDP    The  new  ideas  and  the  best  of  old  ones, 
W/\tTlf^     rUlVl^l  1  ^IvCr    AH  at  new  and  trade- compelling  prices. 

niCmXin    XAr'I^I    C    ah  kinds  of  tackle  for  all  kinds  of  fish. 
riOllll^VJ      1 /\WIVL,i:;    one  kind  of  price— the  lowest. 

**^''*JnofheTm^aLro'f  GUNS  AND  AMMUNITION 

Our  leader  is  the  AD3ITRAI.WHEEt,«25     r\/C\    PQ     AISIH     Ql  IISinDIPQ 
You'll  miss  a  good  thing  if  you  pass  it.    ^  iV^LrCrO    ^l\U    OLJi^  Lf  K.lCf^ 

The  best  imported  and  dome^stic    QQLF    AND    TENNIS 

Let  Us  Estimate  for  Base  Ball  Suits. 


Phone 
Main  658 


Wn.  H.  HOEQEE 


138-142 
S.  Main  St. 


Messrs.  HAWLEY,  KING  &  CO. 

announce  that 

This  week  another  car  of  the  old  reliable  COLUMBUS  BUGOY  CO.'S 
vehicles  will  arrive.    Newest  styles  and  colors. 


We  also  carry  a  full 
line  of 

MOVER 

CORTLAND 

and 

OSGOOD 

CARRIAGES 


®  ®  ® 


Agents  for  the 

VICTOR 

BICYCLE 

standard  the  world 

over.   Only  one 

grade. 

Price  $40.00 


HAI^F-TOP     CABR10I.ET 

This  fashionable  Cabriolet  can  be  used  as  a  family  carriage  without  coachman. 
Wide  rear  seat.    Morocco  trimmings. 

Pneumatic-tired  Surries  and  Road  Wagons  in  stock. 

COR.  BROADWAY  AND  FIFTH  ST.,  LOS  ANGELES 


When  answering  adverlisemeuts,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Land  of  Sunshine.'' 


OLD    MEXICO    AND    RETURN    IN    A    DAY 

Through  Orange  and  Lemon  Groves, 
reached  only  by  the 

National  City  and  Otay  Railway 

Leaving  foot  6th  St.,  San  Diego,  at  9:30  a  m. 

ROUND   TRIP  50c. 

Grand  Mexican  Fiesta  week  at  Tia 
Juana,  July  17th  to  23rd.  Mexican  games, 
races  and  spoits,  wierd  dances  and  games 
by  native  Indians,  bronco  tiding  by  noted 
vaqueros,  Mexican  meals  and  other  at- 
tractions peculiar  to  the  country. 

Fine  Mexican  BandH  in  Attend- 
ance. Rare  opportunities  afforded  ama- 
ture  photographers  to  add  to  their  collec- 
tions views  of  the  old  and  new  Custom 
House,  the  old  Spanish  Chapel,  groups  of 
Indians  and  natives  in  fiesta  attire,  the 

Boundry  Monument  marking  the  line  between  the  United  States  and  Mexico,  and  other  points  of 
interest.  Beautiful  onyx,  quaint  Mexican  curios  and  cigars  can  be  purchased  there  at  reasonable 
prices.  To  Americans  a  novel  and  interesting  custom  is  to  write  a  postal  card  to  friends  in  the  United 
States,  and  have  their  handkerchief  stamped  by  an  official  as  a  souvenir  of  the  republic.  Ample  facilities 
and  writing  material  for  all.  A  representative  of  the  President  of  the  Republic,  with  other  prominent 
government  and  educational  officials  will  be  present. 

SFECIAIi    NATIONAL,    EDUCATIONAL.    ASSOCIATION    DAYS— July  17,  18  and  19— 
during  which  time  the  new  school  house  will  be  dedicated  and  a  typical  Mexican  school  conducted,  in 

itself  an  attraction  and  nov- 
elty to  American  teachers. 

Fair  Round  Trip  on 
all  trains  of  17,  18  and  19, 
from  San  Diego  to  Tia  Juana 
(American  side,  but  short 
walk  to  Mexican  line),  50c. 
Frequent  and  ample  train 
service.  Special  rates,  in- 
cluding free  'bus,  on  other 
days. 

For  further  informa- 
tion apply  at  Teachers' 
Headquarters,  all  hotel  and 
railway  offices  in  San  Diego, 
or  at  Station,  foot  6th  St 

E    A.  HORNBECK, 

Superintendent. 


Satin  Cerate 


Cleanses  and  beautifies  the 
skin  and  creates  a  lovely 
complexion.  Sold  by  all 
druggists  in  Los  Angeles 
and  Southern  California 
towns. 


PREPARED    BY 


Mrs.  Wcavcr-Jackson 

Manufacturer  of 

Toilet  Luxuries  and  Specialties 

318  S.  SPRING  ST. 

Wig  Making.    Hair  Store.  Toilet  Parlors. 


Send  for  Booklet  "Comfort  and  Beauty." 


IN  THE  PATH  OF  PROGRESS 

MEDICAL,    PRACTICE    ALONG    ORIGINAL.    LINES 


Some  Achievements  of  an  Independent  Thinker— New  Ideas  in  Therapeutics. 

Diagnosis  Without  Questions— Cures  Without  the  Use  of  Poisons. 

Painless  Surgery  Without  the  Knife— Unequaled  Re= 

suits  from  Novel  Methods. 

A  method  which  appeals  to  reason, 
disarms  prejudice  and  rewards  investi- 
gation. It  not  only  cures,  but  it  cures 
without  danger,  pain  or  the  use  of 
hurtful  drugs  Its  cures  are  perma- 
nent, because  those  natural  powers  of 
the  human  body  which  sustain  health 
are  restored  from  their  impaired  con- 
dition to  strength  and  harmony. 

1st.  Dr.  Piatt  is  the  only  Caucasian 
employing  diagnosis  by  the  pulse,  a 
method  of  diagnosis  devised  by  the 
Orientals  and  by  them  perfected  into  a 
science.  It  reveals,  without  answers 
to  questions  from  the  patient,  the  exact 
condition  of  the  vital  organs  and  the 
vital  powers.  It  determines  to  a  nicety 
the  treatment  required,  and  is  equally 
valuable  in  prognosis  as  the  cure  ad- 
vances. 

2nd.  Dr.  Piatt  employs,  both  in- 
ternal and  external,  only  harmless  but 
powerful  herbal  remedies.  All  disease 
means  inflammation,  and  therefore 
poison.  This  must  be  removed,  blood 
and  tissues  cleansed,  new  and  healthy 
growth  established.  All  heavy,  con- 
centrated, mineral  or  poisonous  reme- 
DR    Ti    O    PT  ATT  ^^^^  ^^^^  ^^^  ^^^  worse  than  useless. 

XT      /.or.  o     4.U  Tj       j  T        A        1  3rd.     As  a  cooperative  treatment  the 

No.  439  South  Broadway,  I.os  Angeles.       j^^  ^^^  perfected  an  absolutely  dry,  hot- 

air  process.  A  temperature  of  300  and  even  450  degrees  may  be  applied  to  any  part 
of  the  body,  and  220  degrees  to  the  whole  body.  It  at  once  relieves  pain,  rheuma- 
tism, paralysis  and  blood  poisoning  from  any  cause,  reduces  inflammation  of  joints, 
dislocations  and  fractures,  fever  sores,  milk-limb,  skin  diseases,  cancers  and  tumors. 

INVITES  INVESTIGATION 

Dr.  Piatt  refers  to  scores  of  the  best  people  in  Southern  California.  Diagnosis 
free.  Send  for  booklet.  Parlors,  Nos.  21,  22,  23  Hotel  Catalina,  439  S.  Broadway, 
Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


THE  BEST  PICTURES^ ^^ 

SchoU^  Artistic  Portraits 


Lowest  Prices 
in  the  city 
for  such  work 


3J7  W.  THIRD  STREET 


Ground  Floor 
No  Stairs 


New  residents  in  a  city  or  persons  moving  from  one  section  to  anotlier  are  usually  forced  to  learn 
by  experience  the  best  places  to  patronize.  Our  object  in  publishing  a  Commercial  Blue  Book  is  to 
point  out  to  our  readers  a  few  ot  the  leading  stores,  hotels,  rooming  houses,  restaurents,  schools, 
sanitariums,  hospitals,  etc.;  also  professional  men,  and  the  most  satisfactory  places  in  which  to  deal. 
As  it  is  not  our  intention  to  publish  a  complete  business  directory,  some  firms  equally  as  good  as  those 
we  have  listed  may  have  been  omited.  Still,  we  believe  that  those  who  consult  this  guide  will  be  satis- 
fied with  the  list  submitted.  The  variety  and  class  of  goods  handled,  as  well  as  the  reputation  of  the 
merchant,  has  received  careful  attention  in  each  selection  made,  with  the  idea  of  saving  our  readers  as 
much  time,  trouble  and  expense  as  possible. 


Architect  Supplies 

Sanborn,  Vail  &  Co.,  133  S.  Spring  st. 

Aiiyvo 


Theatrical  Cold  Cream  Make  Up. 
Kouge  Gras 


Viole  &  Lopizich,  427  N.  Main  st.,  dis- 
tributing agents.     Tel.  Main  895. 

Bakeries 

Ebinger's  Bakery,  cor.  Spring  and  Third 
sts.     Tel.  610. 

The  Meek  Baking  Co.  Factory  and  of- 
fice Sixth  and  San  Pedro  sts.  Tel. 
main  322.  Principal  store  226  W. 
Fourth  St.     Tel.  main  1011. 

Ahrens'  Bakery,  425  S.   Broadway. 

Mrs.  Angel's  Bakery,  830  W.  Seventh  st. 

Baths— Hammain  and   Others 

Turkish  Baths,  210  S.  Broadway.  Tub 
baths  25  cents,  Turkish  baths  $1. 

Beach  Pebbles,  Moonstones,  Agates,  Sea 

Shells,  etc.,  r)ressed{and  Polished 

to  Order 

J.  A.  Mcintosh  &  Co.,  L.  A.  Steam  Shell 
Works,  1825  S.  Main  st. 


Bicycle  Dealers 

Central  Park  Cvclery.    W.   G 
prop 


518  S.  Hill  st  Tel. 


William*?, 
Green  1211. 


I^.  A.  Cycle  and  Sporting  Goods  Co.,  319 

S.  Main  st. 
Williamson  Bros.,  327  S.  Spring  st.    Tel. 

Brown  1315. 
Brown  &  Fortney,  226  W.  Plfth  st. 

Bicycle  Riding  Academy 

Central  Park  Cyclery,  W.  G.  Williams, 
prop.,  518  S.Hill  St.  Tel.  Green  1211. 

Main  Street  Bicycle  Academy,  Harry 
Brown,  prop.,  547  S.  Main  st. 


Books,  Stationery,  etc. 

Stoll  &  Thayer  Co.,  252-254  S.  Spring  st. 
B.  F.  Gardner,  305  S.  Spring  st. 
Sanborn,  Vail  &  Co.,  133  S.  Spring  st. 
F.  J.  Liscomb,  cor.  Fifteenth  and  Main 
sts. 

Botanic  Pharmacy 

Iviscomb's  Botanic  Pharmacy,  Main  and 
Fifteenth  sts.     Tel.  We^t  68. 

Business  Universities. 

Metropolitan  Business  Universit)^  W.  C. 
Buckman,  Mgr.,  438-440  S.  Spring  st. 

Carpenter  Work,  Jobbing,  Mill  Work 

Adams  Mfg.  Co.,  742  S.  Main  st.     Tel. 
Red  1048. 

Carpet  Cleaning  Works 

Pioneer  Steam   Carpet  Cleaning  Works, 
Robt.  Jordon,  Mgr., 641  S.  Broadway. 
Tel.  217  Main. 
Clothing  and  Gent's  Furnishings 

London  Clothing  Co.,  117-125  N.  Spring 

St.,  s.  w.  cor.  Franklin. 
Mullen,  Bluett  &  Co.,  n.  w.  cor.  Spring 

-and  First  sts. 

Confectionery,  Ice  Cream,  Sherbets,    etc. 
Wholesale  and  Retail 

Merriam  &  Son,   127  S.  Spring  st.     Tel. 

Main  475. 
The  Pacific  Creamery,  344  S.  Broadway. 

Tel.  Main  459 
M.  Broszey  &  Co.,  121  W.  Sixth  st.    Tel. 

Red  2033. 

Coal  Oil,  Gasoline,  etc. 

Morris-Jones  Oil  and  Fuel  Co.,    127  S. 
Broadway.     Tel.  Main  666. 


Land  of  Sunshine  Commercial  Blue  Book,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Curio  Stores 

Wm.  F.  Winkler,  346  S.Broadway. 

Decorative     Needle-work     and   Infants' 
Wear 

Beeman  &  Hen  dee,  310  S.  Broadway. 

Delicacy  Stores 

Ahrens'  Bakery,  425  S.  Broadway. 

Dentists 

Dr.  M.  E.  Spinks,  Spinks  Block,  cor.  5th 

and  Hill  sts,     Tel.  Brown  1375. 
Drs.  Adams  Bros.,  239}4  S.  Spring  st. 
G.  H.  Kreichbaum,  356  S.  Broadway. 

Door  and    Window   Screens    and    House 
Kepairing 

Adams   Mfg  Co.,  742  S.    Main   st.     Tel. 
Red  1048. 

Druggists 

Thomas  Drug  Co.,  cor.  Spring  and  Tem- 
ple sts.     Tel.  Main  62. 
National   Pharmacy,     1601    Grand   ave., 

cor.  Sixteenth  st.     Tel.  West  174. 
H.  C.  Worland,  2133  E-  First  st.  Station  B. 
H.  B.  Fasig,  531   Downey  ave.,  cor.  Tru- 
man St.,  East  L.  A. 
M.  W.  Brown,  1200  W.  Washington  st. 
Iviscomb's  Pharmacy,  cor.  Main  and  Fif- 
teenth sts.     Tel   West  68. 
Catalina  Pharmacy,  M.  Home,  prop. ,  1 501 

W.  Seventh  st. 
Viole  &  Lopizich,  427  N.  Main  st.     Tel. 
Main  875. 

Dry  Goods 

N.  B.  Blackstone  Co.,  Spring  and  Third 

sts. 
Boston  Dry  Goods  Store,  239  S.  Broadway. 
J.  M.  Hale  Co.,  107-9-10  N.  Spring  st. 
Dye  Works,  Cleaning 

American  Dye  Works,  J.  A.  Berg,  prop. 
Office  21 OK  S.  Spring  st.  Tel  Main 
850.  Works  6 13-61 5  W.  Sixth  st.  Tel. 
Main  1016. 


Furnished  Rooms 

Rio  Grande  House,  425  W.   Second  st. 

Rate  #2. 50  to  $3.50  per  week. 

^^?x'.f  e'^'.?'^-  ^-  J-  ^^°^'  prop  . 
416  W.  Sixth  St.  Rate  $1.50  to  «5 
per  week.  ^ 

The  Smithsonian,  312  S.    Hill  st.     Rate 
$2  to  $4  per  week. 

i^?[-n'  Mrs.  M.  J.  Knox,  prop.,  344 
S.  Hill  St.    Rate$1.50to|3pcrweek. 
Furnilure,  Carpets  and  Draperies 
Los  Angeles  Furniture   Co.,  225-229  S 

Broadway.     Tel.  Main  13. 
Southern  California  Furniture  Co     312- 
T   ^^'4  S.Broadway.     Tel.  Main  1215. 
I.  T.  Martin,  531-3-5  S.  Spring  st. 

Grilles,  Fretwork,  Wood  Novelties,  Etc. 

Los  Angeles   Grille   Works,    610  South 


Broadway. 


Groceries 


JBlectricians 

Woodill  &  Hulse  Electric  Co.,  108  W. 
Third  St.     Tel.  Main  1125. 

Family  Hotels 

Hotel  Gray  Gables,  cor.  Seventh  and 
Hill  sts.     Rates  $1  to  $2  per  day. 

Hotel  Lillie,  534  S.  Hill  st.  Rate  |8  to 
$15  per  week. 

The  Belmont,  425  Temple  st.  Rate  $6.50 
per  week  and  up. 

Fruit  and  Vegetables 

Marston    &   Co.,    320  Temple  st.      Tel 
Main  1622.     (Shipping  solicited.) 

Rivers  Bros.,  Broadway  and  Temple  st 
Tel.  Main  1426.  (Shipping  solicited) 


Blue  Ribbon  Grocery,  B.  Wynns  &  Co 

449  S.  Spring  st.     Tel.  Main  728. 
Despars  &  Son,  cor.   Main   and   Twentv- 

nfth  sts.  -^ 

H.  Jevne,  208-210  S.  Spring  st. 
C.  A  Neil.  423   Downey  ave  ,  East  L  A 

Tel.  Alta  202 
Marston   &   Co.,    320  Temple   st.      Tel 

Main  1622. 
Morrison  Bros  ,  419  S.  Broadway.     Tel 

Main  784.  ^ 

Rivers  Bros  ,  Broadway   and  Temple  st 

Tel.  Main  1426. 
Smith  &  Anderson,  cor.  Pico  and  Olive 

sts.     Tel.  Blue  2401. 
Electric  Grocery,  1603S.  Grand  ave.  Tel 

Blue  2612. 

^^^'V^'H'f^^''"'    J 436-38   S.    Main   st. 

Tel.  White  2062. 
O.  Willis,  cor.  Alvarado  and  Seventh  sts 

Tel.  Main   1382. 
J.  C^Rockhill,    1573  W.    First  St.,    cor. 

Belmont  ave.      Tel.  Main  789. 
A.   Thomas,   838   W.    Seventh  st      Tel 

Main  1023. 
T.  L.  Coblentz,  825  S.    Grand  ave.     Tel 
Brown  777. 

Hahedashers  and  Hatters. 

^'"'^'i^^^r..^-  ^^'^^'    ^23   S.    Spring  st. 
Tel.  Main  547. 

Hair  Bazaar  and  Beauty  Parlors 

The   Imperial,    Frank   Neubauer,  prop 
224-226    W.   Second  st.     Tel.'  Black 

1 38 1 . 

Hardware,  Tinware,  Glass  and  Paints 

Despars  &  Son,  cor.  Main  and  Twenty- 
nfth  sts. 

Hay,  Grain,  Coal  and  Wood 

The  P.  J.  Branneu  Feed,  Fuel  &  Storage 
Co.,  806-810  S.  Main  st.      Tel.  Main 


Land  of  Sunshine  Commercial  Blue  Book,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Hay,  Grain,  Coal  and  Wood— Continued 

William  Dibble,  cor.  Sixth  and  Los  An- 
geles sts.     Tel.  Green  1761. 

Morris-Jones  Oil  &  Fuel  Co.,  127  S. 
Broadway.     Tel.  Main  666. 

Grand  Avenue  Feed  &  Fuel  Co.,  A.  F. 
Cochems,  1514  Grand  ave.  Tel. 
West  227. 

J.  H.  White  &  Son,  2024-2028  E-  First  st. 
Tel.  Boyle  4. 

A.  E.  Breuchaud,  841  S.  Figueroa  st. 
Tel.  Main  923. 

Hotels 

Abbotsford  Inn,  cor,  Eighth  and  Hope 
sts.     Rate,  $1.50  per  day  and  up. 

Bellevue  Terrace  Hotel,  cor.  Sixth  and 
Figueroa  sts.  Rate,  $2  per  day  and  up. 

HoUenbeck  Hotel,  American  and  Europ- 
ean plan,  Second  and  Spring  sts. 

Hotel  Van  Nuys,  n.  w.  cor.  Main  and 
Fourth  sts.  American  plan,  $3  to 
$12  per  day;  European  plan,  $1  to 
$10  per  day. 

Hotel  Rosslyn,  Main  st.  opp.  postoffice. 
American  plan,  $2  per  day  and  up  ; 
European  plan,  $1  per  day  and  up. 

Westminster  Hotel,  n.  e.  cor  Main  and 
Fourth  sts  American  plan,  $3  per 
day  and  up  ;  European  plan,  $1  per 
day  and  up. 

(See  Family  Hotels.) 

Jewelers  and  Watchmakers 

S.  Conradi,  113  S.  Spring  st.     Tel.  Main 

1159. 

£iadles',  Children's  and  Infants'  Wear 

I.  Magnin  &  Co.,  251  S.  Broadway. 

Ladies   Tailor 

S.  Benioff,  330  S.  Broadway. 

Liiquor    Merchants 

H.  J.  Woollacott,  124-126  N.  Spring  st. 
Southern   California   Wine  Co.,   220  W. 

Fourth  St. 
Edward    Germain    Wine   Co.,  397-399  S. 

Los  Angeles  st.     Tel.  Main  919. 

Livery^ stables  and  Tally-hos 

Tally-ho  Stable  &  Carriage  Co  ,  W.  R. 
Murphy  (formerly  at  109  N.  Broad- 
way), 712  S.  Broadway.  Tel.  Main 
51. 

Broadway  Stables,  Nowlin  &  Nowlin,  428 
S.  Broadway.     Tel.  Main  806. 

Eagle  Stables,  Woodward  &  Cole,  122  S. 
Broadway.     Tel.  Main  248. 

Boyle  Heights  Livery  Stable,  J  H.  White 
&  Son,  2024-2028  E.  First  st.  Tel. 
Boyle  4. 


Meat  Markets 

Norma   Market,    M.    T.    Ryan,     1818   S. 

Main  St.     Tel.  West  171. 
Crystal  Market,  Reed  Bros.,  2309  S.  Union 

ave. 
Model   Market,  R.    A.   Norries,    831    W. 

Sixth  St.  cor  Pearl.    Tel.  979  Main. 
Boston  Cash   Market,  Jos.    Oscr,  1156S. 

Olive  St.     Tel.  West  126. 
Grand   Avenue   Market,    J.    A.    Rydell, 

2218  S.  Grand  ave.     Tel.  White  321 1 . 
Philadelphia  Market,  S   S.  Jackson,  3304 

S.  Main  st.     Tel.  White  2063 
Pioneer   Meat   Market,  E    Rudolph,  514 

Downey  ave..  East  L-  A.     Tel.  Alta 

208. 
Chicago   Market,  J.    Wollenshlager,  410 

S.  Main  st      Tel.  Main  779. 
Fair  Market,  Gillespie  &  Bush,  514  Tem- 
ple St. 
Popular    Market,  J.  J.    Everharty,    205 

West  Fourth  St.     Tel.  Red  1289. 
Park  Market,   Chas    Kestner,  329  West 

Fifth  St.     Tel.  Red  925. 

Merchant  Tailors 

M.  A.  Getz,  229  W.  Third  st. 

O.  C.  Sens,  219  W  Second  St.,  opp.  Hol- 

lenbeck  Hotel. 
Benhard  Gordan,  104  S.  Spring  st.     Tel. 

Green  1692. 

Brauer  &  Krohn,  114>^  S.  Main  st. 

Mexican  Hand-Carved  licather  Goods 

H.  Ross  &  Sons,  352  S.  Broadway,  P.  O. 
box  902. 

Notions,  Fancy  Goods,  etc. 

Washington    Street    Dry    Goods   Store, 
1202  W.  Washington  st. 

Cheapside  Bazaar,  F.   E.   Verge,  2440  S. 
Main  st. 

Opticians 

S.    G.    Marshutz,    prop.    Pacific    Optical 

Co.,  245  S.  Spring  St. 
Adolph  Frese,  126  S.  Spring  st. 
Boston  Optical  Co.,  Kyte  &  Granicher, 

235  S   Spring  St. 
Fred  Detmers,  354  S.  Broadway. 

Ph  otograpliei'S 

Townsend&Son,  340;^  S.  Broadway. 
Pianos  and  Musical  Merchandise 

Southern  California  Music  Co.,  216-218 

W.  Third  st.     Tel.  585. 
Fitzgerald   Music   &   Piano   Co.,    113  S. 

Spring  St.     Tel.  Main  1 159. 
Williamson  Bros  ,  327  S.  Spring  st.    Tel. 

1315  Brown. 

Picture  Frames,  Artists'  Materials,  Sou- 
venirs 

Sanborn,  Vail  &  Co  ,  133  S.  Spring  st. 
Ita  Williams,  354  S.  Broadway  and  311 
S   Main  st. 


Land  of  Sunshine  Commercial  Blue  Book,  Los  Angeles,  Cal 


Pleating— Accordion  and  Knife 

Mrs.  T.  M.  Clark,  340K  S.  Hill  st. 
Private  Hospitals  and  Sanitariums. 

The  California  Hospital,    1414  S.    Hope 

St.     Tel.  West  92. 
Dr.  Stewarts  Private  Hospital,  315  West 

Pico  St.     Tel.  West  14. 

Restaurants 

Ebinger's  Dining  Parlors,  cor.  Spring 
and  Third  sts.     Tel.  610. 

Rubber  Stamps,  Stencils  and  Seals 

Ivos  Angeles  Rubber  Stamp  Co.,  224  W. 
First  St.     Tel.  Green  1945. 

Sanitariunas 

Electric  Vitapathic  Institute,  534^  S. 
Broadway,  D.  Iv.  Allen,  Mgr.,  Dr. 
F.  W.  Bassett,  Medical  Director. 
Tel.  Main  1363. 

Schools  and  Colleges. 

St.  Vincent's  College,  Grand  ave. 
Sewing  Machines 

Williamson  Bros. ,  327  S.  Spring  st.  Tel. 
Brown  1315. 

Sheet  Music  and   Small  Musical   Instru- 
ments 

Fitzgerald  Music  &  Piano  Co.,  113  S. 
Spring  St.     Tel.  Main  1 159. 

Geo.  T.  Exton,  327  S-  Spring  st.  Tel. 
1315  Brown.  (Agent  for  Regal  Man- 
dolins and  Guitars.) 

Shirt  and  Shirt  Waist  Makers 

Machin  Shirt  Co.,  IIS^^  S.  Spring  st. 
Bumiller    &   Marsh,    123   S.   Spring  st. 
Tel.  Main  547. 


Shoe  Stores 


W.  E.  Cummings,  Fourth  and  Broadway. 
Innes-Crippen   Shoe   Co.,    258  S.  Broad- 
way and  231  W.  Third  st. 
Waterman's  Shoe  Store,  122  S  Spring  st. 
F.  E.  Verge,  2440  S.  Main  st. 


Sporting  Goods 

ly.  A.  Cycle  &  Sporting  Goods  Co.,  319 
S.  Main  st. 

stenographers 

Mrs.  E.  Iv.  Widney,  room  403  Bradbury 
Bldg. 

Surgical  Instruments,   Trusses,  Electric 
Hosiery 

W.  W.  Sweeney,  213  W.  Fourth  st.  Tel. 
Green  1312. 

Taxidermist  and  Naturalist 

Wm.  F.  Winkler,  346  S.  Broadway. 

Teas,  Coifees  and  Spices 

Sunset  Tea  &  Coffee  Co.,  229  W.  Fourth 

st     Tel.  Main  1214. 
J.  D.  Lee  &  Co.,  130  W.  Fifth  st. 

Transfer  Co. 

(See  Van  and  Storage  Co's.) 

Upholstering,   Polishing,  Cabinet  Work 

Broadway  Furniture  &  Upholstering  Co., 
521  S.  Broadway. 

Van  and  Storage  Companies 

Bekins  Van  and  Storage  Co.  Ofifice  435 
S.  Spring  st.;  Tel.  Main  19.  Ware- 
house, Fourth  and  Alameda  sts.;  Tel. 
Black  1221. 

Wall  Paper,  Room  Moulding,  Decorating 

Los  Angeles  Wall  Paper  Co.,  309  S.  Main 

St.     Tel.  Green  314. 
New  York  Wall  Paper  Co.,  452  S.  Spring 

St.     Tel.  Main  207. 

Warehouse 

(See  Van  and  Storage  Co's.) 
Wood  Mantels,  Tiles,  Grates,  Etc. 

Chas.  E.  Marshall,  514  S.  Spring  st. 
Tel.  Brown  1821. 


ARE  YOU  GOING 

TO  SAN  FRANCISCO? 


IF  SO 

SEND  FOR  A  COPY 

BEFORE  LEAVING  HOME 


An  illustrated  and  de- 
scriptive hand-book  for 
tourists  and  strangers. 


OF 


DEWITT'S  GUIDE 
TO  SAN  FRANCISCO 


144  pages,  flexible  cover, 
with  colored  lithograph 
map  of  the  city. 


SECOND  EDITION 
JUST  PUBLISHED 
PRICE  FIFTY  CENTS 


Sent  on  receipt  of  price  by  the  ptiblisher 

Frederic  M.  DeWitt, 
3J8  Post  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


>vh<»n  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "saw  it  in  the  Land  of  Sunshine." 


\  The  Finishing  Touches 

I  which  make  home  inviting  are  given  by  up-to- 

5   date  pieces  of  furniture. 

5  If  you  are  in  need  of  a  Dining-room  Table 

\   or  anything  in  the  line  of  Furniture,  Curtains 

5    and  Kugrs,  remember  otir  motto : 

J   Lowest  Eastern  Prices,  Elegance  of  Construction  and 

\   Lateness  of  Styles. 

Southern  California  Furniture  Company     : 

S   Tel.  Main  1215  312=314  South  Broadway,  Los  Angeles      | 


GaiiMa  Conniry  Bows 

Do  you  want  a  farm  in  the  "  Land  of  Sun- 
shine "  ?  Wecan  sell  you  from  10  acres  to 
1000  acres,  at  prices  to  suit  your  means. 
POINDEXTER  &  'WADSWORTH, 
3«'8  Wilcox  Block,         L.o«  Angeles,  Cal. 


TYPEWRITERS.... 

Sold  on  monthly  payments.  Shipped  any- 
where, C.  O.  D.,  with  privilege  of  examina- 
tion. All  kinds  of  Typewriting  Machines 
Bought,  Sold,  Rented  and  Exchanged.  Rib- 
bons, Carbon,  Stationery. 
Typewriter  Exchange,  319  Wilcox  Bldg, 
Tel.  Black  1608.  Los  Angeles.  Cal. 


South  Pasadena  Ostpich  Tapm 


The  Largest  in  America.  One  Hundred  Birds  ot  all  ages.  Ostrich  nests,  chicks,  yearlings, 
and  old  pair=s  in  their  breeding  pens.  An  immense  assortment  of  Feather  Boas,  Capes,  Tips  and 
Plumes  in  all  styles,  the  finest  grades  at  reasonable  price.s.  Goods  sentC.O.D.,  with  privilege  ot 
examination.    Send  for  price  list.     EDWIN  CAWSTON  &  CO.,  Owners. 

•'One  of  the  strangest  sights  in  America."— A^.  Y.  Journal,  Christmas  number. 


All  kinds  of  Outing  Shirts  at  Silverwood's. 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Land  of  Sunshine." 


Or 

mt 

Hit 

iXt 

iSf 
xlif 


H.JEVNE 


WHOLESALE    AND    RETAIL    GROCER 


-% 

iiif 


WE  PREPAY  FREIGHT  CHARGES 

to  all  points  within  75  miles  of  Los  Angeles  on  all  orders  amounting 
to  $5.00  or  over,  excepting  goods  sold  at  special  prices. 


SEND    FOR    CATALOGUE 


Out  of  town  consumers  can  therefore  enjoy  all  the  advantages  of  our  large,  varied  and 
fresh  stock  at  the  same  low  prices  enjoyed  by  our  Los  Angeles  patrons.  You  may  include 
with  your  order  an  order  for  anything  you  may  desire  outside  of  our  line  and  we  will  obtain 
same  for  you  upon  terms  you  will  scarcely  be  able  to  otherwise  secure. 

208-210  South  Spring  Street  ^^'*te%9 

YOU  ARE  ALWAYS  SAFE  at  JEVNE'S  LOS  ANGELES 


iiif 


For  Lease 


A  fine  lot  on  Central  Ave. 
and  Fourth  St.,  Los  Angeles. 
Inquire  2200  Grand  Ave. 


FOR  MEATS,  FISH,  GRAVIES^ 

SOUPS,  AC,  THIS  SAUCE 

HAS  NO  EQUAL 

Manufactured  and  Bottled  only  by 

GEORGE  WILLIAMS  CO., 

LOS  Angeles,  Cal.    ^ 

If  this  sauce  is  not  satisfactory,  return  it  to   ycur     k 

grr cer  and  he  will  refund  your  money.  Jf* 

kJ  Gkobqb  Williams  Co.         L 


THE  PLACE  TO  LIVE.... 

ALHAMBRA 

Where  'is  it?  At  the  head  of  the  San 
Gabriel  Valley,  eight  miles  east  of  Los 
Angeles  and  three  miles  south  of  Pasa- 
dena.   Call  at  the  office  of 

GAIL  BORDEN 

I  Room  433  Stimson  Bldg^  Los  Angeles, 
Cal.,  and  he  will  tell  yoti  all  abottt  the 
Garden  Spot  of  the  County. 


Hummel  Bros.  &  Co.,  furnish  best  help.    300  W.  Second  St.    Tel.  Main  509. 


Educational  Department 


Occidental  College 


CLAREMONT 
CAL. 


POMONA  COLLEGE 

Courses  leading  to  degrees  of  B.A.,  B.S.,  and 
BX.  Its  degrees  are  recog^nized  by  University 
of  California.  Stanford  University,  and  all 
the  Eastern  Universities. 

AJso  preparatory  School,  fitting  for  all  C<rf- 
leges,  smd  a  School  of  Music  of  high  grade. 
Address.  FRANK  I..  FERGUSON, 

President. 

CHAFFEY  COLLEGE,  ontan.,  cai. 

Well  endowed.      Most    healthful  location. 

Enter  from  8th  grade. 

Opens  Sept.  29.    $250.00  per  year. 
Elm  Hall,  for  young  ladies,  under  charge  of 

cultured  lady  teachers.    Highest  standards. 
West  Hall,  for  boys,  home  of  family  of  Dean, 

and  gentlemen  teachers. 


Occidental  College 

1,0s  ANGELES,  CAI,. 

Three  Courses:    classical,  uterary, 

Scientific,  leading  to  degrees  of  B,  A.,  B.  L.,  and 
B.  S.    Thorough  Preparatory  Department. 

Winter  term  began  January  3, 1899, 

Address  the  President, 

Rev.  Guy  W.  Wadgvrorth. 

Pasadena. 

MISS  OHTOfi'S 
Boarding^  and  Day  School  for  Qirls 

Certificate  admits  to  Eastern  Colleges. 

1X4  S.  Euclid  At*. 


GIRLS'  COLLEGIATE  SCHOOL 

1918-!8;»-S4-S6 

South  Grand  ATenue 
lios  Ang^eles 


AZ.ICX  K.  PakSONS.  B.  a., 
Jbaivnb  W.  Dbnnbn, 

Principals. 


LOS  ANGELES  ACADEMY  (Military) 

a  Classical  and  English  Day  and  Boarding 
School.  Terminus  Westlake  branch  of  Traction 
line.  Some  of  our  boys  have  accomplished  two 
years'  work  during  the  last  school  year  at  the 
Academy.  Not  every  student  is  able  to  do  this, 
but  if  it  is  in  the  boy  we  are  able,  through  the 
flexibility  of  our  system  and  through  individual 
instruction  to  bring  it  out.  Our  illustrated  cata- 
logue mailed  free  upon  application. 

G.  C.  EMERY,  A.  M.,  Principal. 

W.  R.  WHEAT,  Manager. 
P.  O.  Box  198,  Los  Angeles. 


226  S.  Spring  St.,     I^os  Angeles,  Cal. 

Oldest,  largest  and  best.    Send  for  catalogue. 
N.  G.  Felker,  President 
JonN  W.  Hood,  John  W.  Lackby, 

Vice-President  Secretary 


212     iA^EST    THIRD    STREET 

Is  the  oldest  established,  has  the  largest  attendance,  and  is  the  best  equipped 
business  college  on  the  Pacific  Coast.     Catalogue  and  circulars  free. 


F.  B.  Silverwood's  guarantee  goes  with  every  article  he  sells, 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Land  of  Sunshinb. 


I  Santa  Monica 


^ 


k.  combines  the  attractions  of  the  seashore  with 

tj  proximity  and  frequent  electric  and  steam 

[J  railway  facilities  to  the  metropolis  of  South- 

ern California. 

Its  Modern  Tourist  Hotel 

the  Arcadia,  with  its 

Sunny  Rooms  and  Delightful 

Grounds, 

marine    and    mountain    views  and  adjacent 

drives,  hunting,  boating,  fishing  wharf,  warm  ^"^  «"*^'°^  *^«  ^'^'  '«*'^°* 

salt  water  plunge,  broad  walk  along  the  surf,  and  the  longest  wharf  in 
the  world,  lend  an  attraction  to  this  resort  unsurpassed. 

For  convenient  and  enjoyable  headquarters  from  which  to  visit  all 
points  of  interest,  go  to 

The  Arcadia  Hotel  j 

.     Santa  Monica,  Cal.  FRANK  A.  MILLER,  Prop.   | 

A  MAGIC  ISLAND 

SANTA  CATALINA 

CALIFORNIA'S     WONDERFUL    MOUNTAIN 
AND    SEA    RESORT 

3j4  Hours'  Ride  from  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Winter  and  summer  climate  near  perfection. 

A  field  for  health  and  pleasure  without  a  counterpart  in  America  or  Europe. 

Remarkable  natural  attractions. 

Most  phenomenal  Rod  and  Reel  fishing  in  the  world.     Rod  and  Reel  Tournam 

of  the  Tuna  Club,  May  1  to  September  1.     Open  to  all  anglers. 
Wild  Goat  Shooting.     The  sensational  Stage  Ride.     The  Famed  Marine  Garde 

as  seen  through  Glass-bottom  Boats,  and  other  exclusive  attractions. 
The  first  musical  organization  of  the  West,  the  Marine  Concert  Band. 
Two  big  hotels,  the  Metropole  and  Island  Villa.    Modern  appointments.    Reasona 

rates.     Most  picturesque  and  best  Golf  Links. 
Ideal   Camp   Life.     Perfect  arrangements  for  campers.     Shade  trees,  macadami 

streets,  pure  water,  excellent  sanitary  arrangements. 
For  full  information,  illustrated  pamphlets,  rates,  etc.,  call  on  or  write  to 

BANNING  CO., 

222  South  spring  Street,  Los  Angeles,  Cal 

F.  B.  Silverwood  carries  the  largest  stock  of  Neckwear  in  Los  Angele! 


MOUNT   LOWE   RAILWAY 

Grandest  of  all  Mountain  Railway  Rides— Magnificent  Panorama 
of  Eartli,  Ocean  and  Islands. 

RUBIO  C5ANYON,  3300  feet  above  sea  level. 

ECHO  MOUNTAIN,  3500  feet  above  sea  level. 

YE  ALPINE  TAVERN,  5000  feet  above  sea  level. 

SUMMIT  OF  MOUNT  LOWE  6100  feet  above  sea  level. 


Echo 

Mountain 

House 

Situated  on  the  crest  of  ^cho 
Mountain,  commanding  a 
magnificent  view  of  Moun- 
tains, Canyons,  Valleys,  Ocean 
and  Islands.  Undoubtedly  the 
finest  and  best  equipped 
Mountain  Hotel  in  the  world. 
Elegantly  furnished  apart- 
ments, rooms  single  or  en 
suite,  with  or  without  baths, 
lighted  by  gas  and  electricity. 


WORLD'S  FAIR  SEARCH  LIGHT. 
OBSERVATORY    WITH    LARGE    TELESCOPE    located    at    Echo   Mountain. 

Evenings  to  Guests,  Free. 

Ye 

Alpine 

Tavern 

Among  the  giant  pines 
in  the  heart  of  the  Sierra 
Madre  Mountains.  The 
Tavern  is  absolutely  the 
most  unique,  perfect  and 
complete  mountain  re- 
sort in  Southern  Califor* 
nia.  In  addition  to  the 
apartments  in  the  Tav- 
ern, there  are  a  large 
number  of  auxiliary 
tent-houses  located  in 
the  shade  in  the  im- 
mediate vicinity  of  the 
Tavern.  The  accom- 
modations are  complete 
and  first-class  in  every 
respect.  Cuisine  unex- 
celled. 


Open 


Hotel  Rates  $13.50  and  up-vrards  per  week.      Special  rates  by  the  month  or  season, 
pecial  ticket  rates  for  guests  remaining  one  week  or  longer. 

U.  S.  Postoffice  (mails  daily),  Western  Union  Telegraph  and  Telephone  service  at  hotels. 
For  tickets  and  full  information,  call  on  or  address 
(  LARENCE  A.  WARNER,  Traffic  and  Excursion  Agent, 

314  South  Spring  St.,   Los  Angeles,  Cal.     Telephone  Main  960. 
J.  S.  TORRANCE,  Gen'l  Manager,  Echo  Mountain,  Cal. 


Hummel  Bros.  4  Co.,  Largest  employment  Agency.    300  W.  Second  St.     Tel.  Main  509 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Land  of  Sunshikk. 


I  AM  INTERESTED 

in  knowing  that  any  dental  work  I  may  do  for  you  remains 
permanently  satisfactory  —  I  use  the  best  materials  and 
spend  sufl&cient  time  and  skill  to  guarantee  permanent  and 
pleasing  results  —  My  charges,  too,  are  invariably  fair — Not 
the  lowest  —  nor  by  any  means  the  highest  —  They  stand  for 
the  best  work  skill  can  supply  at  any  price  — Let  me  give 


you  figures. 


^*pr*pr*pr'pr*i^^*pf^pi'*!fr*pr*pr^pr'pn^^ 


THE  AHERN  TRACT  IS  THE  CREAM 

Don't  fail  to  see  this  superb  property  before  you  buy. 

and  Sierra  Ma-  _    

dre  Mountains; 
richest  of  soil, 
purest  of 
mountain 
water  piped 
through  the 
tract,  g^raded 
and  beautifully 
improved 
streets,  cement 
sidewalks,  re- 
fined neighbor- 
hood ;  class  of 
buildings  re- 
stricted to  cost 
not  less  than 
S2,500. 


OF   LOS    ANGELES    SUBURBS    AN 
THE    UNIVERSITY     SECTION 

Glorious  scenery  of  the  foothills,  Santa  Moni 


Some  Thirty-Eighth  Street  Residences  in  Ahern  Tract. 

Twenty-three  new  residences  have  been  built  on  this  tract  within  the  pa.ct  six  months.  Tracti 
electriccarline  within  a  minute's  walk.  W.  J.  AHERN  (Owner),  Real  Estate,  Insuran 
and  Lioang.     3215  Termont  Avenue.  liOg  Angeles. 


WHEN  YOU  VISIT 

SAN    DIEGO 

REMEMBER   .  .  . 


VL.    .J^ 


ROOMS 

$1.00   P«r    Oi 

AND    UP 


American  and  European  Plan.  Centrall 
located.  Klevators  and  fire  escapes.  Bathi 
hot  and  cold  water  in  all  suites.  Moder 
conveniences.  Fine  large  sample  rooms  fc 
commercial  travelers. 
Cafe  and  Grille  Room  open  all  hours. 

J.  E.  O'BRIEN,  Prop. 


F.  B.  Silvcrwood  makes  a  specialty  of  Shirts  of  all  kinds. 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Land  of  Sunshine. 


OLDBST  AND  LAKOKST  BANK   IN  80CTHBRN 
CALIFORNIA. 

Farmers  and  Merchants  Bank 


OF  LOS  ANOBLBS,  CAL. 

$500,000.00 
925,000.00 


Capital  (paid  up) 
Surplus  and  Reserve  - 


Total 


$1,425,000.00 


OFFICB&S : 

I.  W.  Hbixmak President 

H.  W.  Hbxxmak Vice-President 

ELxiniT  J.  Plkishman Cashier 

6.  A.  J.  HBXMAifW Assistant  Cashier 

DIRBCTO&S : 

W.   H.    Pbmit,   C.  H.  Thom,    J.  P.  P&ANCia 
O.W.  Child*,  LW.HELLMAif  Jr.,  I.  N.  VanNuts 

A.  6LA88SLX.,  H.  W.  HBLLMAN,  I.  W.  HXLLMAK. 

Special  Collection  Department.    Correspond- 
ence  Invited,    Safety  Deposit  Boxes  (or  rent. 


First  National  Bank 

OF  I^OS  ANOEIiES. 

Largest  National  Bank  in  Southern 
California. 


W.  C.  Patterson. President 

W.  GiLLELEN Vice-President 

W.  D.  Wool  WINE Cashier 

K.  W.  Cob Asst.  Cashier 


CoR.  First  and  Spring  Sts. 

Capital $500,000 

Surplus  and  Undivided  Profits 60,000 

This  bank  has  the  best  location  of  any  bank  in 
Los  Angeles.  It  has  the  largest  capital  of  any 
National  Bank  in  Southern  California,  and  is  the 
only  United  States  Depositary  in  Southern  Cali- 
fornia. 


Capital  Stock 

Surplus  and  Undivided  Profits  over 


$400,000 
260,000 

J.  M.  Elliott,  Prest.,  W.G.  Kerckhoff,  V.Pres. 

Prank  A.  Gibson,  Cashier. 

W.  T.  8.  Hammond,  Assistant  Cashier. 

directors: 

J.  M.  ElUott,         P.  Q.  Story,      J.  D.  Hooker, 

J.  D.  Bicknell.       H.  Jevne,         W.  G.  KerckhoflF, 

J.  C.  Drake. 

All  Departments  of  a  Modem  Banking  Business 

Conducted. 


n 


VP~Vi54 


CORNER  MAIN  AND  SECOND  STREETS 


Officers  and  Directors. 

.  H.  W.  Hellman,  J.   A.  Graves,   M.  I,. 
Fleming,  F.  O.  Johnson,  H.  J.  Pleishman, 
J.    H.    Shankland,  C.  A.   Shaw,    W.   L.     <S 
Graves.  ] 

J.  P.  Sartori,  President  <g 

Maurice  S.  Hbllman,  Vice-Pres. 

W.  D.  lyONOTBAR,  Cashier      J 

Interest  Paid  on  Ordinary  and  Term  Deposits     ] 


^.vxxv.........,^^^ 


OL 


6 


96 


Investors...  I 

\  You  can  find  nothing  better.  $ 

I  t 

g  Our  6  per  cent.  "Coupon  Bonds"  w' 

g  and  7  per  cent.  "  Paid-up  Income  Stock"  are  * 

Safe,  Profitable,  Standard  Investments.  •ff' 

**  Safe  as  Government  Bonds."  $ 

The  Coupon  Bonds  run  for  five  years  on  a  6  per  cent  $ 

basis.    The  coupons  are  payable  six  months  apart.  ji 

The  Paid-up  Income  Stock  runs  for  one  or  three  years  ** 

on  a  basis  of  7  per  cent.  ,  <! 


«^ 


The  above  investments  are  secured  by  „ 

First  Mortoage  (held  in  escrow  by  trustee).    Fire  Insurance  (upon  improvements),        W 

Life  Insurance  (upon  the  borrower's  life).  S 

The  Protective  Savings  Mutual  Building  and  Loan  Association  $ 

406  Soutli  Broadway,  Los  Angeles,  Cat.  j^ 

Title  Insurance  and  Trust  Co.,  Trustee.  ^ 


Pedigreed  Belgian  Hares 


..'>>^^^ 


O^x-^^ 


A  profitable  and  pleasurable  business  and  one  easily  conducted  by  old  or 
young  is  assured  by  the  Belgian  Hare.  A  ready  market  can  always  be  found 
among  those  desirous  of  establishing  choice  herds,  while  its  flesh  is  in 
great  demand.  A  trio  of  Belgian  Hares  is  as  good  as  a  gold  mine,  and  the 
investment  multiplies  itself  faster  than  a  like  amount  invested  in  any  other 
way.     Call  on  or  write  to 

F.   A.   SCHNELL,   424  N.  Beaudry  Ave.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.  \ 


F.  B.  Silverwood  carries  tlie  largest  stock  of  Neckwear  in  Los  Angeles. 


When  answering  advertissments,  please  mention  that  you  **  saw  it  in  the  Land  of  Sjunshink." 


CONSUMPTION  CURED 

Send  for"  Treatise  on  Consumption;  its  Causf 
and  Cure."    Sent  free. 

KOCH  MEDICAL  INSTITUTE 


431^  S.  Spring  St. 


I,os  Angeles,  Cal. 


To  Cure  a  Cold  m  One  Day- 
Take  Laxative  Bromo  Quinine  Tablets.  All  drug- 
gists refund  the  money  if  it  fails  to  cure.    25c. 
The  genuine  has  L.  B.  Q.  on  each  tablet. 

Fortnne«  In  STOCKS. 
Shares  SSl.OO  a  month. 
Safe  as  a.  Sank.  Send  4c 

for  Guide.  A.  H.wiLCOX  &  CO. 
539  Broadway,  New  York. 


GETRICH 


CALIFORNIA 
LANDS  WITH  WATER 

located  near  Los  Angeles.  Soil  and  climate 
suitable  to  the  culture  of  the  Orange,  Lemon 
and  Olive.  All  other  products  successfully 
grown.  Good  market.  Educational  and  re- 
ligious advantages.  FREE  :  large  illustrated 
pamphlet  giving  reliable  facts  and  figures 
about  good  California  irrigable  lands  in  tracts 
to  suit,  on   easy   payments.      Title   perfect 

Address,  HEMET  I.ANI>  CO., 
Dept.  U,  Hemet,  Kiverside  Co.,    Cal. 


Ho-Saw-Emii 


m 
m 
m 
m 

m 
m 
f* 

m 

m 
m 

m 

% 
I  '"''^^^635    149  South  Main  St.,  Los  Angeles  | 

i^fi^^i^iii^  «=i-i  rir^fi^^^t9^33^^  ^^fi  fi^^  ^^3  9^:3  ^^^  9i^^  3^^  3^3  -9^^  «i3««f 


ON   COLLARS   AND   CUFFS 


We  have  patented  the  only  machine  which 
removes  the  rough  edges  on  collars  and  cuffs. 
We  also  produce  the  least  destructive  and 
most  artistic  polish  to  linen. 

We  have  facilities  for  doing  family  washings 
separately. 

Every  department  of  our  service  is  modern, 
reasonable  and  safe. 

Empire  Steam  Laundry 


PRtSS  OP 


SBroadmay 

losflnqeles, 

Cal. 


Telepmone 

Main  4  1  7 


PRINTEK.5  «••    BlNDER>5  TO    THE 

Land  or  5un.51-iine 


Help— All  Kinds.    See  Hummel  Bros.  &  Co.    300  W.  Second  St.    Tel.  Main  509 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Land  of  St7NSHiNB.' 


/       /     /     /       //     / 


FEET  ALL  RIGHT 

that  are  housed  in  the 
FOOTWEAR 

we  sell.  Each  shoe  is  well  made.  The  insides 
are  as  comfortable  as  the  outsides  are  handsome. 
There  are  no  seams  or  lumps  to  irritate  the  sole, 
nor  faulty  work  to  cause  disintegration  before 
the  shoes  have  earned  their  cost. 
See  them  at 

BLANEY'S 

352  S.  SPRING  St..    LOS  ANGELES 
KING  UP  MAIN  940. 

Merchants  Parcel  Delivery  Co. 

C.  H.  FINLEY,  Manager. 

Parcels  10c. ,  Trunks  25c.    Special  rates  to  mer- 
chants.   We  make  a  feature  of  "  Specials  "  and 
Shipping.    Office  hours  7:30   a.  m.    to   6  p.  m. 
Saturdays  to  10  p.  m.    Agents  for  Bythinia. 
No.  Ill  Court  Street,  liOg  Angeles,  Cal. 


euts 


AT  HALF  PRICE 

Thb  Land  op  Sunshine  offers  for  sale  from 
its  large  and  well  chosen  Stock  of  over  1000 
Cuts,  both  half-tones  and  line  etchings,  any 
California  and  Southwestern  subject  the 
purchaser  may  desire.  Send  50c.  postage 
for  Receipt  and  Return  of  Proof  Catalogue 
and  same  will  be  refunded  with  your  order  for 
goods.  See  if  we  cannot  both  suit  you  and  save 
you  money. 

UND  OF  SUNSHINE  PUB.  CO., 

501  Stimson  Bldg.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


OPALS 


75,000 
Genuine 
Mexican 


OPALS 

For  sale  at  less  than  half  price.   We  want  an  agent  iq 
every  town  and  city  in  the  U.  S.  Send  35c.  for  sample 
opal  worth  $2.    Good  agents  make  $10  a  day. 
Mexican  Opal  Co.,  607  Frost  Bldg.,  Los  Angeles,  CaL 
Bank  reference,  State  Loan  and  Tmst  C^ 


Sulphur  Mt.  springs  _  ^,  ,,,,„^ 

Accommodations    for 


n 


S  nia's  beauty  spots 

•  campers.     Illustrattu    v;iiwumr»  may   uc  naa  ( 

S  from   Hugh    B.    Rice,   agent   for   "Cook's  > 

)  Tours,"    230    S.    Spring    St  ,  Los  Angeles  ;  ( 

)  FISKB&  Johnston,  707  State  St.,  Santa  Bar-  > 

.  bara,  or  by  writing  to  ( 


HAWLEY  &  RICHARDS,  Props  ,         ; 
Santa  Paula,  Ventura  Co.,  Cal.   S 


fASIoRV  WestTroy.  N.Y.  '*2Z^' 

SACHS    BROS  &  CO. 

San    Francigco    Coast   Agents 

We  Manufacture  all  kinds  of 

RUBBER  GOODS 


When  you  purchase  and  want 

The  Best  Rubber  Hose 


See  that  Our  Name  is  on  every  length. 
FOR  SAT.E  BY  AI.I.  DEAIiERS. 


GOODYEAR  RUBBER  COMPANY 

573,  575,  577,  679   MARKET  STREET 

R.  H.  PEASE,  Vice-Pres.   and  Manager. 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 


F.  B.  Silverwood's  .best  Hats  are  $3;  regrular  $5  qualities. 


THE  MACMILLAN  COMPANY'S  NEW  BOOKS 

NEW  SUMMER  NOVELS 
Richard  Carvel 

By  Winston  Churchili,.     Just  Ready.     Cloth,  $1.50.     (By  the  author  of  The 
Celebrity.)    8th  Edition.    Cloth,  $1.50. 

A  story  of  the  gay  cavalier  colony  of  Maryland  and  of  the  London  of  that  time.  The  strong,  broad 
treatment  of  this  plot  is  a  far  cry  from  the  skilful  lightness  of  The  Celebrity,  but  the  work  is  no  less 
origrinal  or  absorbing. 

Tristram  Lacy  or  The  Individualist 

By  W.  H.  Mallock,  author  of  "Aristocracy  and  Evolution,"  *'Is  Life  Worth 

Living  ?  "  *  *  The  New  Republic, ' '  etc. 

Cloth,  Extra,  Crown  8vo,  $2.00.     Just  Ready. 

The  Short  Line  War  Jesus  Delaney 

By  Merwin  Webster.    2d  Edition.  By  Joseph  Gordon  Donnei^i^y. 

Just  Ready.     $1.50.  Just  Ready.     $1.50. 

"One  of  the  most  readable  of  this  season's  Striking,    clever    characterizations    of   novel 

summer  noyels."—Commetctal  Advertiser^  types  ;  entertaining  and  absorbing. 

Hugh  Qwyeth 

A  Roundhead  Cavalier.     By  Bedlah  Marie  Dix.     $1.50. 
"A  capital  historical  romance." — The  Outlook. 

The  Maternity  of  Harriott  Wicken  Men's  Tragedies 

By  Mrs.  Henry  DUDENEY.     $1.50.  By  R.  V.  R1SI.EY.     $1.50. 

"  Ivittle  short  of  being  a  masterpiece.'  —Richard  Realistic  stories  of  crises  in  the  lives  of  strong 

Henry  Stoddard,  Mail  and  Express  men  of  high  ideals. 

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Letters  from  Japan 

By  Mrs  Hugh  Fraser,  author  of  **  Palladia,"  etc.    Japanese  cover  design,  2  vols., 
8vo,  $7  50.     A  record  of  modern  life  in  the  Island  Empire.     Superbly  illus- 
trated from  Japanese  originals. 
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The  Philippine  Islands  and  Their  People 

a  record  of  personal  observation  and  experience  with  summary  of  the  history  of  the  Archipelago. 
By  Dean  C.  Worcester,  Member  of  the  Philippine  Commission,  at  present  in  the 

Islands.     6th  Edition.     Cloth,  $4.C0. 
"Altogether  it  is  a  model  book  of  its  kind,  exactly  adapted  for  the  everyday  reader."— CArca^o  Tribune. 

The  Philippine  Islands  and  Round  About 

By  Maj.  G.  J.  Yodnghusband,  F.  R.  G.  S.,  Queen's  Own  Corps  of  Guides,  etc.,  etc. 
An  admirable  complement  to  Professor  Worcester's  book,  as  it  treats  chiefly  of 
events  of  the  past  year.     Cloth,  $2.50. 
<'01  striking  and  timely  interest."— 7A<»  New  York  Herald. 

The  Trail  of  the  Gold  Seekers  The  flaking  of  Hawaii 

By   HAMI.IN    Gari^and,    author    of  By  Prof.  Wii,r.iAM  FremonT  Black- 

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REMINISCENCES  AND   OBSERVATIONS 
Solitary  Summer  Elizabeth  and  her  German  Garden 

By  the  author  of  **  Elizabeth  and  her         "  a  charming  hoo)s.."— Literature.    Cloth,  $1.75. 
German  Garden."   Cloth,  12mo. 

Another  volume  of  delicate  and  sympathetic        WordsWOrth  and  the  ColeridgeS 

observations  of  the  life  of  an  Englishwoman  iu 

Germany.  and  Other   Memories,  Literary  and 

Old  Cambridge  ^rX^lvc^^i''"^  ^*'^''*"" 

By  Thomas  Wentworth  Higgin- 

QOM       rirktVi     i9mr.    *i   OK  Mr  Yarnall's  memory  carries  him  back  to  La- 

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The  first  of  a  series  of  National  Studies   in  friendships  with  and  visits  to  Wordsworth  and 

American  Letters,  edited  by  George  E.Woodberry.  other  men  of  letters. 

THE  riACniLLAN  COflPANY.  PUBLISHERS,  NEW  YORK. 


When  answering  adveitisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Land  of  scnshinb/ 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  '•  saw  it  in  the  t,ANO  of  Sunshine. 


OUR  PREMIUM  OFFER 


The  Land  of  Sunshine 

AND 

Mission  Memories 

Through  a  special  arrangement  with  the  publishers,  we  are  enabled  to  offer 
the  Land  of  Sunshine  for  one  year,  postage  paid  to  any  address,  and  a  copy 
of  the  "Mission  Memories,"  containing  75  handsomely  engraved  full-page 
illustrations  (6x4J4)  of  the  24  California  Missions,  printed  on  heavy  enam- 
eled paper — with  either  yucca  or  embossed  cover,  tied  with  silk  cord. 

The  "  Land  of  Sunshine  "  will  not  only  be  kept  up  to  its  usual  high  stand- 
ard, but  has  added  many  new  features. 

The  magazine  numbers  among  its  staff  the  leaders  in  literature  of  the  West, 
in  itself  a  guarantee  of  future  increased  merit. 

"Land  of  Sunshine"  one  year,  and  one  yucca  cover  "Mission  Memories"  $1.75 

"     paper      "  "  "  1.50 

The  Land  of  Sunshine  Pubi^ishing  Co., 

501-503  Stimson  Block,  Los  Angeles,  California. 


A  Unique  Library. 

The  bound  volumes  of  the  Land  of  Sunshine  make  the  most  interesting  and 
valuable  library  of  the  far  West  ever  printed.  The  illustrations  are  lavish  and  hand- 
some, the  text  is  of  a  high  literary  standard,  and  of  recognized  authority  in  its  field. 
There  is  nothing  else  like  this  magazine.  Among  the  thousands  of  publications  in 
the  United  States,  it  is  wholly  unique.  Every  educated  Californian  and  Westerner 
should  have  these  charming  volumes.  They  will  not  long  be  secured  at  the  present 
rates,  for  back  numbers  are  growing  more  and  more  scarce  ;  in  fact  the  June  num- 
ber, 1894,  is  already  out  of  the  market. 

Vols.  1  and  2— July  '94  to  May  '95,  inc.,  gen.  half  morocco,  $3.90,  plain  leather,  $3.30 
"     3  and  4— June '95  to  May '96,     "         "       "  "  2.85,     "  "  2.25 

"     5  and  6— June '96  to  May '97,     "         "       "  "  3.60,     "  "  3.00 

"     7  and  8— June '97  to  May '98,     "         "       "  "  2.85,     "  "  2.25 

"     9  and  10— June '98,  to  May '99  "         "       "  "  2.70,     "  "  2.10 

Land  of  Sunshine  Pubi^ishing  Co., 

501  Stimson  Building,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


P.  B.  Silver  wood '8  best  Hats  are  $3  ;  reffular  ^5  qualities. 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  *'  saw  it  in  the  Land  of  Sun8HInk. 


SEE    NEXT    PAGE 


Life 
Income  Investments 


BEARING 

CALIFORNIA  ALMOND 

ORCHARDS 

In  the  South  Antelope  Valley,  the  Greatest  Almond 
District  in  the  World,  on  the 

Insurance* Annuity  Plan 

Safest  and  Most  Remunerative  Proposition  Ever  Devised.    Cash  or    Time 

Payments.    No  Interest.    Perpetual  Income  Assured  to  Investor 

if  He  Lives,  to  His  Family  if  He  Dies. 

DEATH    OF   INVESTOR 

Cancels  all  unmatured  payments,  beneficiary  secures  bearing  five-year-old  almond  orchard  and 
income  from  same  free  and  clear,  also  $250.00  to  $1,200.00  a  year  in  cash,  and  $1,000.00  to  $5,000.00 
residence  erected  on  the  property,  or  one-half  the  cost  of  residence  in  cash.  Death  of  in  vestor  with- 
out other  estate  or  insurance  leaves  beneficiary  amply  provided  for  for  life.  Property  deeded  in  trust 
at  the  outset  to  the 

STATE    BANK    AND    TRUST    COMPANY 

Of  Lros  Angeles,    Paid-up  Capital  $500,000.00 

Cash  Benefits  Guaranteed  by  the  TRAVELERS  INSURANCE  CO. 

Of  Hartford,  Conn.,  and  other  old  line  companies. 

TWO   PLANS. 

Sale  of  Individual  Orchards.    Sale  of  Undivided  Interest  in  the  American 
Almond  Grower's  Association, 

Requiring  no  personal  attention  now  or  in  the  future.    WiU'pay  60  per  cent  net  profit 
per  annum,  based  upon  the  last 

United  States  Census  Report  as  reproduced  herewith 


Nuts  and 
Citrus  Fruit 

Acre- 
age 

Yield 
per 
Acre 

Total 
Yield 

Selling 
Price 

Value 

Yield 
per 
Acre 

Land 
Value 

(b)  (c) 

Almond 

Fig  (a) 

6,098.00 
1,274.00 
3,834.00 
3,237.00 
13,096  50 

pounds 
2.501 

8,784 

3,600 

2,984 
boxes 

95 

pound.s 

15,251,078 

11,190,816 

13,802,400 

9,659,208 
boxes 
1,245,047 

per  lb. 
0.1000 

0.0233 

0.0900 

0.0400 
per  box 

1.8200 

1,525,109.80 
298,421.76 

1,242,216.00 
386,368.32 

2,271,616.30 

250.00 
204.66 
324.00 
119.36 
172.90 

95.00 
110.60 
111.43 

65.83 
186.00 

Madeira  Nut.... 

Olive 

Orange  

112  page  illustrated  book,  rate  tables  on  2%  to  80  acres  from  age  25  to  65,  association  plan  where 
$1.25  a  month  will  receive  same  proportionate  profit  as  larger  investments,  free  on  application. 

Alpine  Springs  Land  and  Water  Company 

1115  Stock  Exchange  Building,  830  Henne  Building, 

108  I^aSalle  Street,  Chicago.  3d  St.  near  Spring,  lios  Angeles. 

Lnnds,  Orchards  and  Town  Sites  at 
Tierra  Bonita,  Palmdale  and  Little  Rock,  Los  Angeles  Co.,  California. 

tlummel  Bros.  &  Co.,  Emplovment  Aoents,  300  W.  Second  St.    Tel.  Main  509 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Land  of  Sunshine, 
SEE    OPPOSITE    PAGE 

Life  Income  Investments* 


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F.  B.  Silverwood  sells  Hats  at  $1,  $1.50,  $2,  $2.50  and  $3,  fully  guaranteed. 


Whea  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Land  op  Sunshinb." 


.0 


Our  Gold  Medal  Wines  commend  themselves  to  those  who 
require  and  appreciate  Pure,  Old  Vintages.  We  are  producers 
in  every  sense  of  the  word,  owning  large  Vineyards,  Wineries 
and  Distilleries,  located  in  the  San  Gabriel  Valley.  For 
strength-giving  qualities  our  wines  have  no  equal.  We  SELL 
NO  Wines  under  Five  Years  Old. 


SPECIAL  OFFER  •     We  will  deliver  to  any  R.R.  station  in  the 
United  States,  freight  free  : 

2  cases  Fine  Assorted  California  Wines,  XXX,  for  $9  00 

Including  one  bottle  1888  Brandy. 
2  cases  Assorted  California  Wines,  XXXX,  for  |11.00 

Including  2  bottles  1888  Brandy  and  1  bottle  Champagne. 

SOUTHERN  CALIFORNIA  WINE  COMPANY 


Tel.  M.  332 


220  W.  FOURTH  ST.       Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


EVERYBODY  GOES  1 

^»^T0  SANTA  mONlCA  j 

Via  Los  Angeles  Pacific  Electric  Ry.  | 

• 

It  provides  one  of  the  most  modem  equipments  and  the    * 

coolest  and  most  scenic  route  in  Southern  California.  S 

•  • 

•  For  Santa  Monica:     Cars  leave  Fourth  and  Broadway,  Los  Angeles,  via  Hill  and       • 

•  16th  streets,  every  hour  from  *6:30  a.  m.  to  11:30  p.  m.    Sundays,  every  half  hour  from  7:00      • 

•  a.  m.  to  6:30  p.  m.,  and  hourly  to  11:30  p.  m.    Saturdays,  5:00  p.  m.  and  6  p.  m.  • 

•  Via  Bellevue  Ave.,  Colegrove  and  Sherman,  every  hour  from  *6:15  a.  m.  to  11:15  p.  m.       • 

•  *5:45  p.  m.  and  11:45  p.  m.  to  Sherman  only.    Cars  leave  Plaza  lo  minutes  later.  S 

•  For  lios  Angeles  :     Cars  leave  Hill  Street,  Santa  Monica,  at  *5:50,  *6:40  a.  m.,  and       * 

•  every  hour  from  7:40  a.  m,  to  10:40  p.  m.     Sundays,  every  half  hour  from  7:10  a.  m.  to  • 

•  7:40  p.  m.,  and  hourly  to  10:40  p.  m.  Saturdays,  6:10  p.  m.  and  7:10  p.  m.   Leave  band  stand,  * 

•  Ocean  Ave.,  5  minutes  later.        Trolly  Parties  a  Specialty.  • 
:  *Except  Sundays.     Offices,  Chamber  of  Commerce  Bidg.,  4th  and  Broadway,  Los  Angeles  S 


For 


A  home-like  place 

A  cool  retreat 

A  pleasant  room 

Good  thin£:s  to  eat 

Our  Hotel  Rates  cannot  be  beat 


Morton  House 

San  Diego 
Cal -^ 


w. 


E.  HADLEY 

Proprieto 


Reliable  help  promptly  furnished.    Hummel  Bros.  &  Co.    Tel.  Main  509 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Land  of  Sunshine.' 


Arlington  Hotel  and  Annex 


Perpetual  May  Climate 
Ocean  Bathing:  Every  Day 

^  ^  ^ 


SANTA  BARBARA,  CALIFORNIA 

E.  P.  DUNN 


REDLANDS— 


^^n  Ranoheg,  Residences  and  all 
kinds  of  Real  K  state  in  Redlands  at  reasonable 
rates.  See  Redlands  before  buying.  Call  upon 
or  address  JOHN  P.  FISK, 

Rooms  I  and  2  Union  Bank  Block. 

Redlands,  Cat. 


We  Sell  the  Earth' 


BASSETT  &  SMITH 

We  deal  in  all  kinds  of  Real  Estate. 
Orchard  and  Resident  Property. 
Write  for  descriptive  pamphlet. 

Y.  M.  C.  A.  BUILDING 
LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 


"Good  food, 
open  air ; 

Easy  labor, 
little  care." 

These,  "The 
Ingredients 
of  Health," 
are  to  be 
found  at 


GflMP  STURTEVflNT  S3-i?'" - 

The  place  to  live  in  summer  is  in  the  mountains.  A  tent  is  ideal  shelter.  Appliances  for  comfort 
at  Camp  Sturtevanl  are  complete  ;  the  water  is  fine;  the  forest,  beautiful.  Day  temperatures  are 
from  10°  to  15^  lower  than  in  Los  Angeles,  and  the  evenings  are  warm  and  dry.  The  trip  to  Camp  is 
delightful.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cilley  are  in  charge.  Hotel  accommodations.  $1  25  per  day,  $7.00  per  week. 
Tent  and  complete  outfit  for  camping,  for  two  persons,  $10  per  month.  Burro  hire,  $1.00  either  way  ; 
51.50  round  trip,  up  one  day  and  down  the  next.    For  illustrated  circular  address 

W.  M.  STURTEVANT,  Sierra  Madre,  Cal. 


Underwear  is  a  Specialty  at  8ilverwoo<l'8. 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Land  of  Sunshinb.'' 

LA    JOLvLA     BY    THK    SEA 

HOUIvD  you  visit  San  Diego,  you 
will  have  missed  one-half  your 
life  if  you  fail  to  take  a  trip  to 
L  i^^S^SS^ai^^^^  ^^  Jolla,  the  seventh  wonder,  with  its 

[^  ^^j^^^^^^^^^^^^       I    seven  mammoth  caves.     "Ira  Jolla,  the 

^A  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^V  Gem,"  is  fittingly  named.      Nowhere  on 

^^, _      .^^^I^^^^^^^^^^H         ^^^  Pacific  Coast  can  be  found  the  varied 

^HM^^^^^^|^^^^^^^^^^^K'£,^  natural  scenery  which  is  had  here.  The 
^^^^^H|H|^^^plS^^^^^^^^^^B|@  seven  famous  caves,  hollowed  out  by  the 
^^^^^^^^H||H||||^^3||^^^^^^^H   action  of  the  mighty  in  the  huge 

■^^^^^^HT^^^^'^^^^^m^^B  cliffs,  over  one  hundred  feet  high  and 
^^^^^^^^V  "    ^^^H   jutting  into  the  ocean,  '^an  be  explored 

^    „..„  ^^  ^^^  tide.     There  are  also  other  weird 

and  fantastic  freaks  of  nature  formed  along  the  rocky  shore,  which  must  be  seen  to 
be  appreciated,  such  as  Cathedral  Rock,  Alligator  Head,  Goldfish  Point,  etc.  Fish- 
ing and  bathing  here  are  unsurpassed.  Shells  and  sea-mosses,  tinted  with  rainbow 
colors,  are  found  here  in  great  abundance.  Every  hour  spent,  when  not  fishing, 
boating  or  bathing,  or  viewing  nature's  marvelous  work,  can  be  enjoyed  in  various 
ways.  La  Jolla  is  situated  14  miles  from  San  Diego,  on  the  ocean,  and  is  reached 
only  by  the  San  Diego,  Pacific  Beach  and  La  Jolla  Ry. 
Three  mail  trains  each  way  daily. 

For  further  information  apply  to  GRAHA.M  E.  BABCOCK, 
San  Diego,  Cal.  President  and  General  Manager. 


AN  FdUCATION 


is  secured  by  traveling 

EAST.or  West 


Via 

one  of  the 


T^f  O  J.  (  SUNSET    ROUTE 

1    hr££      IVOllt^S        \  OGDEN      ROUTE 
±   lllCC      IVUUtCD        ^  SHASTA   ROUTE 

of  the 

Southern  Pacific  Company 


Through  mountain   gorge   or   across  level   plain  within  sight 
of  many  historic  and  wonderful  beauties* 

PERSONALLY  CONDUCTED  TOURIST  EXCURSIONS. 

G.  W,  LUCE,  Ass't  Gen.  Frt.  and  Pass.  Agt. 

LOS  ANGELES  TICKET  OFFICE/  261  S-  SPRING  ST. 


F.  B.  Silverwood  makes  a  specialty  of  Shirts  of  all  kinds. 


CAL'FORNiM    AQUARIUMS 
CALIFORNIA    REDWOODS 
AMONG    THE    YAQUIS 


vol.   Al,   J 

Lavishly 

Illustrated 


Sc^OSPAISES  DtLSOL  DILATAN  EL  ALMA 


THE  jV^AGAZIHE  Of 

CALirORNIA^H-THEWEST 


EDITED  BY 

HAS.f.LUMMIS 


WITH  A  SYNDKATr<£it:i222^ 
OF  WESTERN  WRITERS  ARACETLLERYCHANNIHti;, 


CENTS 

■  nnnv 


LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  PUBLISHING  CO, 

INCORPORATED 
cni_cno   CTIUCnu    Dllll  nlMf! 


!ltl 


YE 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  I. and  of  Sunshimk. 


THE  DOWNIE  DOIBLE-ACTINO 
DEEP  WELL  PIMPS 


Directing,  Acting  Steam  Tjpe 


No  other  Pump  Can 
furnish  the  Same 
Amount  of  Water 

At  a  recent  test  this 
type,  No.  33,  with  an 
8-inch  cylinder,  in  a 
1 2-inch  well,  delivered 
414  gallons  of  water 
per  minute  without 
jar  or  injury. 
We  can  furnish  them 
up  to  90  M.  I.  capac- 
ity from  a  14-in.  well. 


THE  Ml  &  El    COi|  AGENTS 

351-353  N.  Main  St.       Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


^o  33,  Power  Head  Type 


"California  Babies" 

can  find  just  what  they  need  down  at  the  **big 
store."        Whitney's    celebrated    carriages  —  the 
latest  go-carts.     High  chairs   and   little    rockers. 
''American  Home  Furnishings''  free. 


\ 


A    HBBBHP"!         Niles  Pease  Furniture  Co., 

^     r^BB^^IT    "       439°441-443  S.  Spring  St.,   Los  Angeles. 

^      *— ^^^^^^^^^^^»  pj^g  Floors.  Reliable  Goods. 


Flexible  Rubber, 

When  used  as  a  base  for  artificial  teeth,  causes  unequal  pres- 
sure, absorption,  sore  gums,  and,  in  time,  a  cracked  or  broken 
plate.  Perhaps  you  know  this  from  personal  experience.  I 
make  the  lightest,  strongest,  best  fitting,  permanently  pleasing, 
vulcanized  lubber  plates  money  buys  at  any  price. 


=  f 


Let  me  ^ive  you  figures. 


Spinks 
Block, 
cor.  5th 
and  Hill 
Sts.    Tel. 
Brown 
1376 


F.  B.  Silverwood  makes  a  specialty  of  Shirts  of  all  kiuds. 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Land  of  Sdnshinb." 


In  the  Heart  of  Los  Angeles^^^^^^^^^^ 


^  The  HoUenbeck,  on  Second 

(|^  and  Spring  Sts.,  is  the  most 

49  centrally  located  of  all  the 

49  Los  Angeles  Hotels. 

^  Electric  cars  pass  its  doors 

^  to  all  points  of  interest. 


49 


It  is  headquarters  for  Tal- 


^  ly-ho   and    Railway  Excur- 

^  sions,  commercial  men  and 

^  tourists. 

♦? 

♦J 

♦}  Second  and  Spring  Sts 


It  is  run  on  both  Amer- 
ican  and   European    plans. 

Has   first-class   Caf^  and 
rooms  with  bath  and  other 
conveniences.         Rates  are 
reasonable,     its    conveniences 
courteous. 


ample    and    its    service    prompt    and 


HOLLENBECK  HOTEL 

A.  C.  BILICKB  &  CO.,  Props. 

Los  Angeles,  Cai. 


2* 


An  Exhibition  of  California  Truits,  ^fZu'!''''''''"'' 

■  ■''•^'^'■^""'""=^b^'no^^"i".Tu-"here:  CALL  AND  SEE  THE  REAL  THING 

We  carry  the  largest  and  best  selected  line  in  Los  Angeles. 

we  Ship  to  All  poinu.  LUDWIQ  &  MATHEWS 

Mott  Market.     Tel.  Main  550 


?5b_£ftl_. 


0. 


BOSTON  «Sg^.  STORE 

THE  Ji    W.    ROBINSON    COMPANY 

239  and  241  South  Broadway,  Opposite  City  HalL 

Our  Departments  are  now  complete,  and  we 
are  showing  the  finest  line  of  Dry  Goods 
ever  carried  in  Los  Angeles  ,^  ^  J>  J'  J'  J> 

EXCLUSIVE   STYLES 

In  Silks,  Dress  Goods,  ready  made  Suits,  Waists;  Skirts,  Jackets 
Capes,  and  an  immense  variety  of  Trimmings,  Wash  Goods  and 
Novelties  make  us 

^^HEADQUARTERS/' 

AGENTS  FOR  I      SEND  FOR 

BUTTERICK   PATTERNS         SAMPLES 


MAIL  ORDER 
DEPARTMENT 


--c-r- 


^LES       I  b> 


All  kinds  of  Outingr  Shirts  at  Sllverwood's. 


when  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  tnat  you  ••  saw  it  in  tne  IvAnd  of  ounshinb.  ■ 


,M.^.^i.^j^sa^ia,J^ia,j^ii^ja^ia,ja^ja,j^i 


t 


Many  women  can  trace  their  ruined  complexions  to  the  use 
of  injurious  cosmetics  which,  at  their  best,  simply  COVER  UP 
defects.  They  try  one  preparation  after  another,  hoping  to  find 
one  that  will  bring  back  what  has  been  lost,  but  it  will  never  re- 
turn. There  is  but  one  way  and  that  is  to  SECURE  A  NEW 
SKIN.  All  physicians  and  dermatologists  agree  on  one  point, 
that,  when  the  outer  cuticle  is  stained  with  freckles,  tan  and  other 
discolorations,  or  has  a  muddy,  roughened  appearance,  there  is 
but  one  wa}'^  to  eradicate  the  defects,  and  that  is  by  using  a  pre- 
paration which  will  -surely,  but  not  too  hurriedly,  takefoff  the 
outer  skin  and  with  it  the  blemishes. 

No  truer  words  were  ever  said  than  that 

<^//^^  Grea/i} 

COAXES  A  NEW  SKIN.  It  is  the  result  of  years  of  study 
and  experimenting,  and  today  stands  alone  as  a  time-tried  remedy 
which  cures.  It  passed  the  experimental  stage  nine  years  ago, 
and  since  then  has  been  used  by  thousands  of  discriminating 
women  who  never  fail  to  recommend  it  in  words  of  praise  and 
thankfulness. 

It  does  not  contain  a  single  ingredient  that  can  possibly  harm 
the  most  delicate  skin,  but  it  must  be  rembered  that  ANITA 
CREAM  is  not  a  cold  cream,  but  a  medicinal  preparation  which, 
if  properly  used,  will  accomplish  a  very  different  result  from  that 
obtained  by  the  use  of  a  simple  bland  or  cold  cream.  It  draws 
all  impurities  to  the  surface  and  removes  the  outer  skin  in  small, 
scaly  particles,  thus  eradicating  all  blemishes  and  at  the  same  time 
promoting  a  growth  of  new  skin  as  soft  and  clean  as  an  infant's. 
It  contains  no  vaseline  or  any  other  ingredient  that  will  stimulate 
a  growth  of  hair. 

FREE  SAMPLE 


All  druggists  can  supply  Anita  Cream,  or 
you  can  send  50c.  to  us.      For  10c.  to  pay 
postage  and  packing,  we  will  send  a  free 
sample  and  a  9x16  lithographed  art  study  suitable  for  framing  ;  no  printing  on  picture. 


ANITA  CREAH  CO.,  215  Franklin  St.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal 


F.  B.  Silverwood  for  Mackintoshes  and  Umbrellas. 


The  Land  of  Sunshine 


(incorporated)  capital  stock  |so,ooo. 


The  Magazine  of  California  and  the  West 


EDITED  BY  CHAS.   F.   LUMMIS 


The  Only  Exclusively  Western  Magazine 


AMONG    THE    STOCKHOLDERS 

DAVID  STARR  JORDAN 

President  of  Stanford  University. 

THEODORE  H.  HITTELL 

The  Historian  of  California. 

MARY  HALLOCK  FOOTE 

Author  of  The  Led-Horse  Claim. ,^\.c. 

MARGARET  COLLIER  GRAHAM 
Author  of  Stories  of  the  Foothills. 

GRACE  ELLERY  CHANNING 

Author  of  The  Sister  of  a  Saint,  etc. 

ELLA    HIGGINSON 

Author  of  A  Forest  Orchid,  etc. 

JOHN  VANCE  CHENEY 

Author  of  Thistle  Drift,  etc. 

CHARLES  WARREN  STODDARD 
The  Poet  of  the  South  Seas. 

INA  COOLBRITH 

Author  of  Songs  from  the  Golden  Gate,  etc. 

CHAS.  EDWIN  MARKHAM 

Contributor  to  Century,  Scribner's. 
Atlantic,  etc. 

CHAS.  FREDERICK  HOLDER 

Author  of  The  Life  of  Agassiz,  etc. 
GEO.  HAMLIN  FITCH 

Literary  Editor  S.  F.  Chronicle. 

CHARLOTTE  PERKINS  STETSON 

Author  of  In  This  Our  World. 

ETC., 


AND    CONTRIBUTORS    ARE: 

JOAQUIN  MILLER 

WILLIAM  KEITH 

the  greatest  Western  painter 

DR.  WASHINGTON  MATTHEWS 

Ex-Prest.  American  Folk-I^ore  Society. 

GEO.  PARKER  WINSHIP 

The  Historian  of  Coronado's  Marches. 

FREDERICK  WEBB  HODGE 

of  the  Bureau  of  Ethnology.  Washington. 

CHAS.  HOWARD  SHINN 

Author  of  The  Story  of  the  Mine,  etc. 

T.  S.  VAN  DYKE 

Author  of  Rod  and  Gun  in  California,  etc. 

CHAS.  A.  KEELER 

A  Director  of  the  California  Academy 
of  Sciences. 

LOUISE  M.  KEELER 
ALEX.  F.  HARMER 

L.  MAYNARD  DIXON 

Illustrators. 

CHAS.  DWIGHT  WILLARD 

CONSTANCE  GODDARD  DU  BOIS 

Author  The  Shield  of  the  Fleur  de  Lis. 
BATTERMAN  LINDSAY 
ETC. 


CONTENTS  FOR  JULY,  1899 : 

One  Day  at  Pacheco's,  drawn  by  Alex.  F.  Harmer Frontispiece 

A  California  Aquarium,  illustrated,  by  Chas.  Frederick  Holder,  LL.  D 11 

Among  the  Yaqui  Indians  in  Sonora,  illustrated,  by  Verona  Granville..... 84 

California  Redwoods,  illustrated,  by  Bertha  M.  Her  rick 95 

One  Day  at  Pacheco's    illustrated,  by  Idah  M.  Strobridge 101 

Early  California,  the  Viceroy's  report  in  1793  (continued) 105 

In  the  Lion's  Den  (editorial) 113 

That  Which  is  Written  (book  reviews  by  the  Editor)  117 

The  Angle  of  Reflection  (department),  by  Margaret  Collier  Graham 121 

The  Landmarks  Club 123 

The  Land  We  Love,  illustrated : 124 

California  Babies,  illustrated  ^"^^ 

The  State  Normal  School,  Los  Angeles 

Kntered  at  the  Los  Angeles  Postoffice  as  second-class  matter. 


Land    of    Stin»l:iine    Ptibli^hiing    Co. 

F.  A.  PATTEE,  Bus.  Mgr.,  501  Stimson  BIdg.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

DiRKCTORS  :  —  W.  C.  Patterson,  Pres  ;  Chas.  F.  Ivummis,  Vice-Pres.;  F.  A.  Pattee,  Sec.;  H. 
meishman,  Treas.;  E.  Pryce  Mitchell,  Auditor;  Chas.  Cassat  Davis,  Atty.,  Cyrus  M.  Davis. 

Other  Stockholders :— Chas.  Forman,  D.  Freeman,  F,  W.  Braun,  Jno  F.  Francis,  E.  W.  Jone 
Geo.  H.  Bonebrake,  F.  K.  Rule,  Andrew  Mullen,  I,  B.  Newton,  S.  H.  Mott,  Alfred  P.  Griffit 
E.  E.  Bostwick,  H.  E.  Brook,  Kingsley-Bames  &  NeunerCo.,  I,.  Replogle,  Jno.C.  Perry.  F.  A.  Schne 
G.  H.  Paine,  Louisa  C.  Bacon.  

WARNING. 

The  L/\ND  OF  Sunshine  Publishing  Co  has  nothing  to  do  with  a  concern  whic 
has  imitated  its  name  as  nearly  as  it  dared.  This  magazine  is  not  peddliug  towi 
lots  in  the  desert.     It  is  a  magazine,  not  a  lottery.  Chas.  F.  Lcmmis. 


IIJH'm'Irili-i. 
The  Best  Cough  Syrup. 
Tastes  Good.  Use  in  time. 
Sold  by  Druggists. 


CONSUMPTION 


^T^pD^ji  SVRIP  Of  PrINE 


V/e  otfer  yea  a  reaay-made 
medicine  for  Cougtis,  Broncliitis, 
and  oth.er  diseases  of  the  Throat 
and  Lungs.  Like  oth.er  so-called 
Patent  Medicines,  it  is  well  ad- 
vertised, and,  tiaving  merit,  it 
tias  attained  a  -wide  sale  under 
tlie  name  of  Piso's  Cure  for  Con- 
sumption. 

Piso's  Cure  for  Consumption  is  now  a  "  Nos- 
trum," though  at  first  it  was  compounded  after  a 
prescription  by  a  regular  physician,  with  no  idea 
that  it  would  ever  go  on  the  market  as  a  proprie- 
tary medicine.  But  after  compounding  that  pre- 
scription over  a  thousand  times  in  one  year,  we 
named  it  "  Piso's  Cure  for  Consumption,''  and  be- 
gan advertising  it  in  a  small  way.  A  medicine 
known  all  over  the  world  is  the  result. 

Prepared  by 

THEPlSOCOMPANY,Warren,Pa. 


NATURE'S 

GENTLE 

LAXATIVE 

The  only  genuine  fruit  la 
ative  on  the  market. 
If  your  druggist  does  n 
sell  it  send  us  his  name  ai 
address. 

25c.  and  50c.  a  Bottle. 


California  Prune  Sy rup  Cc 

LOS  ANQELES,  CAL. 
MEMBERS  OF   N.  E.  A.    I 

CALL    FOR  { 

FREE  SAMPLE  ! 

Lilun  ciiiHA  imm 

Orange  Blossom 

Carnation 

Violet 

True  to  name  and  odor  of  flowers. 
DELICATE  — LASTING 

C.  Laux  Company,  Druggists 

231  Soutli  Broadway 

Opp.  City  Hall 


Engraved  Visiting  Cards 

GUARANTEED   HIGHEST   GRADE 

50  Cards  and  Plate    -     -    $  .75 
100  Cards  and  Plate    »    -       1.00 

Sent  Prepaid  to  any  Address 
Weddings,  Announcements,  Receptions. 

ELITE    STATIONERY    CO., 

Box  305.      Wiikes-Barre,  Pa. 

"  An  Olive  Orchard  is  a  Gold  Mine  on  the  face 
the  earlh."— Italian  Proverb. 
A  -iO-ACRE  OLIVE  GROVE  in   our  "  S 

erra  Madre"  Fruit  Colonies  in  Southern  Califc 
nia  assures  health,  happiness  and  a  large  annu 
income  for  centuries. 

We  sell,  plant  and  bring  the  orchard  into  bea 
ing  for  you  on  our  easy  payment  plan.    We  ha 
railways,  churches,  schools,  a  perfect  *'  all  tl 
year  "  climate  and  beautiful  homes. 

No  Pioneering  ;  illustrated  booklet  free. 
ARTHUR  BULL  &  CO.,  Owners, 

1202  Chamber  of  Commerce,  Chicago, 

REDLANDS.— 

^^^        Banohes.  Residences  and  all 
kinds  of  Real  Estate  in  Redlands  at  reasonable 
rates.    See  Redlands  before  buying.    Call  upon 
or  address  JOHN  P.  FISK, 

Rooms  I  and  2  Union  Bank  Block 

Redlands,  Cal. 

We  Sell  the  Earth— 

^^             BASSETT  &  SMITH 

We  deal  in  all  kinds  of  Real  Estate. 
Orchard  and  Resident  Property. 
Write  for  descriptive  pamphlet. 

Y.  M.  C.  A.  BUII.DIN 
I.OS  ANGELES,  CAL 

Write  P.  B.  Sllverwood  about  Uu<lei*wear  for  Men, 


miM. 


COMMERCIAL  BLUE  BOOK 


LOS    ANGELES,   CALIFORNIA 


New  residents  in  a  city  or  persons  moving  from  one  section  to  another  are  usually  forced  to  learn 
by  experience  the  best  places  to  patronize.  Our  object  in  publishing;  a  Commercial  Blue  Book  is  to 
point  out  to  our  readers  a  few  of  the  leading  stores,  hotels,  rooming  houses,  restaurents,  schools, 
sanitariums,  hospitals,  etc.;  also  professional  men,  and  the  most  satisfactory  places  in  which  to  deal. 
As  it  is  not  our  intention  to  publish  a  complete  business  directory,  some  firms  equally  as  good  as  those 
we  have  listed  may  have  been  omited.  Still,  we  believe  that  those  who  consult  this  guide  will  be  satis- 
fied with  the  list  submitted.  The  variety  and  class  of  goods  handled,  as  well  as  the  reputation  of  the 
merchant,  has  received  careful  attention  in  each  selection  made,  with  the  Idea  of  saving  our  readers  as 
much  time,  trouble  and  expense  as  possible. 


Architect  Supplies 
Sanborn,  Vail  &  Co.,  133  S.  Spring  st. 

Any  vo — Theatrical  Cold  Cream  Make  Up. 
Rouge  Gras 

Viole  &  Lopizich,  427  N.  Main  st.,  dis- 
tributing agents.     Tel.  Main  895. 

Bakeries 

Ebinger's  Bakery,  cor.  Spring  and  Third 
sts.     Tel.  610. 

The  Meek  Baking  Co.  Factory  and  of- 
fice Sixth  and  San  Pedro  sts.  Tel. 
main  322.  Principal  store  226  W. 
Fourth  St.     Tel.  main  1011. 

Ahrens'  Bakery,  425  S    Broadway. 

Mrs.  Angel's  Bakery,  830  W.  Seventh  st. 

Bamhoo  Goods 

S.  Akita,  504  S.  Broadway 

Baths 

Hammam,  210  S.  Broadway.  Turkish 
and  all  other  baths  and  rubs,  25  cts. 
to$l. 

Beach  Pebbles,  Moonstones,  Agnates,  Sea 

Shells,  etc.,  Dressed  and  Polished 

to  Order 

J.  A.  Mcintosh  &  Co.,  L.  A.  Steam  Shell 
Works,  1825  S.  Main  st. 

Bicycle  Kiding  Academy  and 
Bicycle  Dealers 

Central  Park  Cyclery,  W.  G.  Williams, 
prop.,  518  S.Hill  St.  Tel.  Green  1211. 

Main  Street  Bicycle  Academy,  Harry 
Brown,  prop.,  547  S.  Main  st. 

Books,  Stationery,  etc. 

Stoll  &  Thayer  Co.,  252-254  S.  Spring  st. 
B.  F.  Gardner,  305  S.  Spring  st. 

Botanic  Pharmacy 
Liscomb's  Botanic  Pharmacy,  Main  and 
Fifteenth  sts.     Tel.  West  68. 


Business  Universities. 

Metropolitan  Business  University,  W.  C. 

Buckman,  Mgr.,  438-440  S.  Spring  st. 
Carpenter  Work,  Jobbing,  Mill  Work 
Adams  Mfg.  Co.,  742  S.  Main  st.     Tel. 

Red  1048. 

Carpet  Cleaning  Works 

Pioneer  Steam  Carpet  Cleaning  Works, 
Robt.  Jordan,  Mgr.,  641  S.  Broadway. 
Tel.  217  Main. 

Chemical  and   Mill   Testing  Laboratory 
and  Assay  Office 

Union  Mining  and  Milling  Co.,  332.W. 

Second    st.       (Stephens    Reduction 

Process.) 

Clothing  and  Gent's  Furnishings 
London  Clothing  Co.,  1 17-125  N.  Spring 

St.,  s.  w.  cor.  Franklin. 
Mullen,  Bluett  &  Co.,  n.  w.  cor.  Spring 

and  First  sts. 

Confectionery,  Ice  Cr«'am,  Sherbets,   etc. 
Wholesale  and  Retail 

Merriam  &  Son,   127  S.  Spring  st.     Tel. 

Main  475. 
M.  Broszey  &  Co.,  727  W.  Sixth  st.    Tel. 
Red  2033. 
Coal  Oil,  Gasoline,  W^ood,  Coal,   etc. 
Morris- Jones  Oil   and   Fuel  Co.,    127  S. 
Broadway.     Tel.  Main  666. 
Curio  Stores 
Wm.  F.  Winkler,  346  S.  Broadway. 

Decorative     Needle-work     and    Infants' 
Wear 

Beeman  &  Hendee,  310  S.  Broadway. 

Delicacy  Store 
Ahrens'  Bakery,  425  S.  Broadway. 

Dentists 
Drs.  Adams  Bros.,  239^  S.  Spring  st. 
G.  H.  Kriechbaiim,  356  S.  Broadway. 


Land  of  Sunshine  Commercial  Blue  Book,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Door  and    Window  Screens    and    House 
Repairing 

Adams   Mfg  Co.,  742   S.    Main   st.     Tel. 
Red  1048. 

Druggists 

Thomas  Drug  Co.,  cor.  Spring  and  Tem- 
ple sts.     Tel.  Main  62. 

H.  C.  Worland,  2133  K-  First  st.  Station  B. 

H.  B.  Fasig,  531   Downey  ave.,  cor.  Tru- 
man St.,  East  L.  A.     Tel.  Alta  201. 

M.  W.  Brown,  1200  W.  Washington  st. 

Iviscomb's  Pharmacy,  cor.  Main  and  Fif- 
teenth sts.     Tel   West  68. 

Catalina  Pharmacy,  M.  Home,  prop.,  1501 
W.  Seventh  st.     Tel.  Green  772. 

Edmiston  &  Harrison,  Vermont  and  Jef- 
ferson sts.     Tel.  Blue  4701. 
Dry  Goods 

N.  B.  Blackstone  Co.,  Spring  and  Third 

sts. 
Boston  Dry  Goods  Store,  239  S.  Broadway. 
J.  M.  Hale  Co.,  107-9-10  N.  Spring  st. 
Dye  Worlts,  Gleaning 

American  Dye  Works,  J.  A.  Berg,  prop. 

Office  21 0>^  S.  Spring  st.     Tel.  Main 

850.  Works  613-615  W.  Sixth  st.  Tel. 

Main  1016. 

Electricians 
Woodill  &  Hulse  Electric  Co.,    108  W. 

Third  St.     Tel.  Main  1125. 
Electric  Supply  and  Fixture  Co.,  541  S. 

Broadway.     Tel.  Main  831. 
Fruit  and  Vegetables 
Marston   &   Co.,   320  Temple  st.      Tel. 

Main  1622.     (Shipping  solicited.) 
Rivers  Bros.,  Broadway  and  Temple  st. 

Tel.  Main  1426.  (Shipping solicited.) 
Furnished  Booms 
The  Rossmore,  Mrs.  M.  J.  Knox,  prop., 

416  W.  Sixth  St.      Rate  $1.50  to  $5 

per  week. 
The  Smithsonian,  312  S.    Hill  st.     Rate 

$2  to  $4  per  week. 
The  Hafen,  Mrs.  M.  J.  Knox,  prop.,  344 

S.  Hill  St.    Rate  $\  .50  to  $3  per  week. 

Furniture,  Carpets  and  Draperies 
Los  Angeles  Furniture  Co.,  225-229  S. 

Broadway.     Tel.  Main  13. 
Southern  California  Furniture  Co.,  312- 

314  S.  Broadway.     Tel.  Main  1215. 
I.  T.  Martin,  531-3-5  S.  Spring  st. 
Grilles,  Fretwork,  "Wood  Novelties,  Etc. 
Los  Angeles  Grille  Works,   610  South 

Broadway. 

Groceries 
Blue  Ribbon  Grocery,  B.  Wynns  &  Co., 

449  S.  Spring  st.     Tel.  Main  728. 
Despars  &  Son,  cor.  Main  and  Twenty- 
fifth  sts. 
H.  Jevne,  208-210  S.  Spring  st. 
C.  A.  Neil,  423  Downey  ave  ,  East  L.  A. 

Tel.  Alta  202. 
Marston  &  Co.,   320  Temple  st.      Tel. 

Main  1622 
Electric  Grocery,  1603  S.  Grand  ave.  Tel. 

Blue  2612. 


Groceries— Continued 

Geo.    Williamson,    1436-38   S.    Main   st. 

Tel.  White  2062. 
O.  Willis,  690  Alvarado  st.     Tel.    Main 

1382. 
J.  C.  Rockhill,    1573  W.    First  St.,   cor. 

Belmont  ave.      Tel.  Main  789. 
T.  L.  Coblentz,  825  S.    Grand  ave.     Tel. 

Brown  777. 
J.  Lawrence,  Cool  Block,  cor.  Jefferson  st. 

and  Wesley  ave. 
C.    Ed.    Chambers,    3202   Vermont   ave. 

Tel.  White  4702. 
Morrison  Bros  ,  419  S.  Broadway.     Tel. 

Main  784. 
Rivers  Bros,  Broadway   and  Temple  st. 

Tel.  Main  1426. 
Smith  &  Anderson,  cor.  Pico  and  Olive 

sts.     Tel.  Blue  2401. 

Habedashers  and  Hatters. 
Bumiller  &   Marsh,    123   S.    Spring  st. 

Tel.  Main  547. 

Hair  Bazaar  and  Beauty  Parlors 
The  Imperial,   Frank  Neubauer,  prop., 

224-226    W.  Second  st.     Tel.  Black 

1381. 

Hay,  Grain,  Coal  and  "Wood 
The  P.  J.  Brannen  Feed,  Fuel  &  Storage 

Co.,  806-810  S.  Main  St.      Tel.  Main 

419. 
William  Dibble,  cor.  Sixth  and  Los  An- 
geles sts.     Tel.  Green  1761. 
Grand  Avenue  Feed  &   Fuel  Co.,  A.  F. 

Cochems,    1514    Grand    ave.      Tel. 

West  227. 
J.  H.  White  &  Son,  2024-2028  E.  First  st. 

Tel.  Boyle  4. 
A.    E.    Breuchaud,    841    S.    Figueroa  st. 

Tel.  Main  923. 
Parker  Seymour.  1528  W.  7th  St.,   West 

Lake  District.     Tel.  Main  647. 

Hospitals 

The  California  Hospital,   1414  S.   Hope 

St.     Tel.  West  92. 
Dr.  Stewart's  Private  Hospital,  315  West 

Pico  St.    Tel.  West  14. 

Hotels 

Abbotsford  Inn,  cor,  Eighth  and  Hope 
sts.     Rate,  $1.50  per  day  and  up. 

Aldine  Hotel,  Hill  st.,  bet.  3rd  and  4th 
sts.  American  plan,  |1.50  per  day 
and  up.  European  plan,  $3.50  to 
$10.00  per  week. 

Bellevue  Terrace  Hotel,  cor.  Sixth  and 
Figueroa  sts.  Rate,  $2  per  day  and  up. 

Hollenbeck  Hotel,  American  and  Europ- 
ean plan,  Second  and  Spring  sts. 

Hotel  Van  Nuys,  n.  w.  cor.  Main  and 
Fourth  sts.  American  plan,  |3  to 
$12  per  day;  European  plan,  $1  to 
$10  per  day. 

Hotel  Rosslyn,  Main  st.  opp.  postoffice. 
American  plan,  $2  per  day  and  up  ; 
European  plan,  $1  per  day  and  up. 

Westminster  Hotel,  n.  e.  cor.  Main  and 
Fourth  sts.  American  plan,  $3  per 
day  and  up  ;  European  plan,  $1  per 
day  and  up. 


Land  of  Sunshine  Commercial  Blue  Book,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Hotels— Continued 

Hotel   Gray   Gables,   cor.  Seventh    and 

Hill  sts.     Rates  $1  to  $2  per  day. 
Hotel  UUie,  534  S.   Hill  st.     Rate  $8  to 

$15  per  week. 
Hotel  Locke,  139  S.  Hill  St.,  entrance  on 

Second  st.     American   plan.     Rate 

18.00  to  $12  per  week. 
The  Belmont,  425  Temple  st.     Rate  $6.50 

per  week  and  up. 
Hotel  Grey,  n.  e.  cor.  Main  and  Third 

sts.    European  plan.      Rate,  $3 .00  to 

$12  per  week. 
Hotel  Rio   Grande,   425   W.   Second  st. 

Rate,  $1.50  per  day  and  up. 
Jewelers  and  Watchmakers 
S.  Conradi,  113  S.  Spring  st.     Tel.  Main 

1159. 
Liadies',  Children's  and  Infants'  "Wear 
I.  Magnin  &  Co.,  251  S.  Broadway. 

Ladies  Tailor 
S.  Benioflf,  330  S.  Broadway. 

liiquor    Merchants 
H.  J.  Woollacott,  124-126  N.  Spring  st. 
Southern  California  Wine  Co.,  220  W. 

Fourth  St. 
Edward    Germain   Wine  Co.,  397-399  S. 

Los  Angeles  st.     Tel.  Main  919. 

Liivery  Stables  and  Tally-hos 

Tally-ho  Stable  &  Carriage  Co.,  W.  R. 

Murphy  (formerly   at    109  N.  Broad- 
way), 712  S.  Broadway.     Tel.  Main 

51. 
Broadway  Stables,  Nowlin  &  Nowlin,  428 

S.  Broadway.     Tel.  Main  806. 
Eagle  Stables,  Woodward  &  Cole,  122  S. 

Broadway.     Tel.  Main  248. 
Boyle  Heights  Livery  Stable,  J.  H.  White 

&  Son,  2024-2028  E.  First  st.     Tel. 

Boyie  4. 
Eureka  Stables,  323  W.   Fifth   st.     Tel. 

Main  71. 
Marblized  Plaster  Medallions,  Busts, etc. 

vSarah  B.  Thatcher,  successor  to  Alfred 

T.  Nicoliette,   129  East  Seventh  st. 
Meat  Markets 
Norma   Market,    M.    T.    Ryan,     1818   S. 

Main  St.     Tel.  Westl7f. 
Crystal  Market,  Reed  Bros.,  2309  S.  Union 

ave.     Tel.  Blue  3131. 
Model   Market,  R.    A.  Norries,   831    W. 

Sixth  St.  cor  Pearl.     Tel.  979  Main. 
Boston  Cash    Market,  Jos.  Oser,   1156  S. 

Olive  St.     Tel.  West  126. 
Grand    Avenue    Market,    J.    A.    Rydell, 

2218  S.  Grand  ave.     Tel.  White  3211. 
Philadelphia  Market,  S.  S.  Jackson,  3304 

S.  Main  st.     Tel.  White  2063 
Pioneer  Meat  Market,  E.   Rudolph,  514 

Downey  ave.,  East  L-  A.     Tel.  Alta 

208. 
Chicago   Market,  J.    WoUenshlager,  410 

S  Main  st.      Tel.  Main  779. 
Fair  Market,  Gillespie  &  Bush,  514  Tem- 
ple St. 


Meat  Markets— Continued 


205 


Popular    Market,  J.  J.   Everharty, 

West  Fourth  st.     Tel.  Red  1289. 
Park  Market,  Chas    Kestner,  329  West 

Fifth  St.     Tel.  Red  925. 
Superior  Market,  J.  G.  Young,  717   W. 

Jefferson  st.     Tel.  West  50. 
Eureka  Market,  Jay  W.  Hyland,  cor.  7th 

st   and  Union  ave.      Tel.  Main  1467. 
Oregon  Market,  Briggs  &  Read,  525  W. 

6th  St.     Tel.  Red  2032. 

Merchant  Tailors 
H.  A.  Getz,  229  W.  Third  st. 
O.  C.  Sens,  219  W  Second  St.,  opp.  Hol- 

lenbeck  Hotel. 
Benhard  Gordan,  104  S.  Spring  st.     Tel. 

Green  1692. 
Brauer  &  Krohn,  1 14>^  S.  Main  st. 
A.  J.  Partridge,    125   W.  First  st.     Tel. 

Green  13. 

Millinery 
Maison  Nouvelle,  Miss  A.  Clarke,  222  W. 

3rd  St.     Tel.  Main  1374. 
Mexican  Hand- Carved  Lieather  Goods 
H.  Ross  &  Sons,  352  S.  Broadway,  P.  O. 

box  902. 

Notions,  Fancy  Goods,  etc. 
Cheapside  Bazaar,  F.  E.  Verge,  2440  S. 

Main  st. 

Opticians 

Adolph  Frese,  126  S.  Spring  st. 

Boston  Optical  Co.,  Kyte  &  Granicher, 

235  S.  Spring  st. 
Fred  Detmers,  354  S.  Broadway. 

Pawn  Brokers 

L.  B.  Cohn,  120-122  North  Spring  st. 

Ph  oto  graphers 
Townsend's,  340)4  S.  Broadway. 

Photographic  Material,  Kodaks,  et<s 
Dewey   Bros.,    109  W^  Second  st.     Tel. 
Green  1784. 

Pianos,  Sheet  Music  and  Musical 
Merchandise 

Southern  California  Music  Co.,  216-218 
W.  Third  st.     Tel.  585. 

Fitzgerald  Music  &  Piano  Co.,  113  S. 
Spring  St.     Tel.  Main  1 159. 

Williamson  Bros  ,  327  S  Spring  st.  Tel. 
1315  Brown. 

Geo.  T.  Exton,  327  S.  Spring  st.  Tel. 
1315  Brown.  (Agent  for  Regal  Man- 
dolins and  Guitars. ) 

Picture  Frames,  Artists'  Materials,  Sou- 
venirs 

Sanborn,  Vail  &  Co.,  133  S.  Spring  st. 
Ita  Williams,  354  S-   Broadway  and    311 

S.  Main  st. 

Pleating— Accordion  and  Knife 
Mrs.  T.  M.  Clark,  340>^  S.  Hillst. 

Restaurants 
Ebinger's    Dining  Parlors,  cor.  Spring 

and  Third  sts.     Tel.  610. 
Levy's  Oyster  and  Dining    Parlors,   111- 

117  W.  Third  St. 


Land  of  Sunshine  Commercial  Blue  Book,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Restaurant*— Continued 

Seymour  Dining  Parlors,  3'. 8  West  Sec- 
ond St. 

The  Rival  Lunch  Counter  and  Restaur- 
ant, 115  W.  Second  St. 
Rubber  Stamps,  Stencils  and  Seals 

Los  Angeles  Rubber  Stamp  Co.,  224  W. 
First  St      Tel.  Green  1945. 
Sanitariums 

Electric  Vitapathic  Institute,  534>^  S. 
Broadway,  D.  L  Allen,  Mgr.,  Dr. 
F.  W.  Bassett,  Medical  Director. 
Tel.  Main  1363. 

Schools  and  Colleges. 

St.  Vincent's  College,  Grand  ave. 

Los  Angeles  Military  Academy,  west  of 
Westlake  Park.     P.  O.  Box  193,  City. 

Miss  French's  Classical  School  for  Girls, 
512  S  Alvarado  st  Tel.  Brown  1652 
Sewing  Machines  and  Bicycles 

Williamson  Bros.,  327  S  Spring  st.     Tel. 
Brown  1315. 
Shirt  and  Shirt  Waist  Makers 

Machin  Shirt  Co.,  \\8}4  S.  Spring  st. 

Bumiller  &  Marsh,  123  S.  Spring  st. 
Tel.  Main  547. 

Shoe  Stores 

W.  E.  Cummings,  Fourth  and  Broadway. 

Innes-Crippen  Shoe  Co.,  258  S.  Broad- 
way and  231  W.  Third  st. 

Waterman's  Shoe  Store,  122  S  Spring  st. 

F.  E.  Verge,  2440  S.  Main  st. 

Sporting  Goods  and  Bicycles 

L.  A.  Cycle  &  Sporting  Goods  Co.,  319 
S.  Main  st. 


Stenographers 

Mrs.  E.  L.  Widney,  403  Bradbury  Bldg. 

Surgical    Instruments.    Trusses,    Elastic 
Hosiery 

W.  W.  Sweeney,  213  W.  Fourth  st.    Tel. 
Green  1312. 

Taxidermist  and  Naturalist 
Wm.  F.  Winkler,  346  S.  Broadway. 

Teas,  Coffees  and  Spices 
Sunset  Tea  &  Coffee  Co.,  229  W   Fourth 

st     Tel.  Main  1214. 
J.  D.  Lee  &  Co.,  130  W.  Fifth  st. 

Transfer  Co. 

(See  Van  and  Storage  Co's.) 
Upholstering,   Polishing,  Cabinet  TVork 
Broadway  Furniture  &  Upholstering  Co., 
521  S.  Broadway. 

Van  and  Storage  Companies 
Bekins  Van  and  Storage   Co.     Office  436 
S.  Spring  st.;  Tel.  Main  19.       Ware- 
house, Fourth  and  Alameda  sts.;  Tel. 
Black  1221. 
Wall  Paper,  Room  Moulding,  Decorating 

Los  Angeles  Wall  Paper  Co  ,  309  S.  Main 

St.     Tel.  Green  314. 
New  York  Wall  Paper  Co.,  452  S.  Spring 
St.     Tel.  Main  207. 

Warehouse 

(See  Van  and  Storage  Co's.) 

Wood  Mantels,  Tiles,  Grat«»s,  Etc. 

Chas     E.    Marshall,    514   S.    Spring    st. 
Tel.  Brown  1821. 


Knowledge  That  Pays 


Recommended  by  brainy,  thinking:  people.  Idle  moments  made 
profitable.  Phenomena  of  success  attained  by  thousands  follow- 
ing: niy  marvelous  methods.  Fame  world-wide  and  nothing:  equaling:  it  extant.  Write  at  once; 
only  limited  number  received'at  present  prices,  which  are  entirely  inadequate  with  value  imparted. 
Thousands  of  letters  like  these. 

Rev.  S.  J.  Carlock,  San  Diegro,  Cal.,  writes:  "Every  moment  brinss  its  own  reward  and  life  prows  sweeter 
and  better  every  day.  Nervousness  cured,  health  increasinsr,  mind  clear.  Others  are  swayed  by  the  resistless 
force.    I  have  always  believed  in  a  perfect  life,  but  now  1  realize  it." 

A.  Henry,  Evanston,  Ills.,  writes :  "  You  have  helped  me  to  overcome  all  obstacles  and  the  returns  physically 
and  mentally  have  surpassed  even  my  hones." 

ipli      -     

already  successful  it  will  bring  more.  By  your  teachings  I  can  truthfully  say  all  my  ambitions  have  been  realized" 
Distance  no  bar  to  success;  patrons  in  all  parts  of  the  world;  business  entirely  by  mail. 
"KEY  TO  POWER"   30  cts.  or  I2cts.  and  addresses  of  three  ministers,  lawyers  or  doctors. 
Circulars  to  immediate  applicants.    Address, 
PROF.  L.  H.  ANDERSON,  S.  S.  79  MASONIC  TEMPLE,  CHICAGO,  ILLS. 


'pi 
p.  Seefeld,  Phlladeiphla,Pa.,"If  down  in  the  world,  with  no  confidence  in  self,  this  study  will  bring  success :  if 


All  kinds  of  Outing  Shirts  at  J^ilverwood's. 


TH«     LANDS    OF    THE    SUN     EXPAND    THE    SOUL. 


THE  LAND  OF 

SUNSHINE 


II 


Vol   1 1  No.  2. 


LOS  ANGELES 


JULY,  1899. 


California  Aquarium  and 
Zoological  Station. 


BY   CHARLES    FREDERICK   HOLDER. 


OOLOGY  is  so  universally  taught  in  all  schools  at  the 
present  day  that  it  is  safe  to  say  that  hardly  a  teacher 
attending  the  convention  held  in  Los  Angeles  in  July, 
but  is  more  or  less-  interested  in  the  subject. 

The  fauna  of  the  Pacific  ocean  off  Southern  California  is  in 
many  respects  unique,  and,  especially  in  its  fishes,  differs  from 
that  of  the  Atlantic,  Gulf  of  Mexico,  or  the  waters  of  Europe. 

To  anyone  who  has  visited  the  zoological  station  at  Naples 
the  resemblance  will  be  striking,  as,  especially  at  Santa  Catalina 
and  San  Clemente  islands,  the  animal  life  reminds  the  observer 
of  Naples  and  its  immediate  waters. 

Avalon  bay  at  Santa  Catalina  island  is  a  miniature  bay  of 
Naples,  and  is  one  of  the  most  interesting  collecting  grounds 
in  America  ;  seemingly  the  neutral  ground  upon  which  many 
varied  forms,  semi-tropic  and  otherwise,  exist.  For  years  the 
writer  has  hoped  to  see  an  attempt  made  to  place  this  interest- 
ing fauna  within  reach  not  only  of  the  general  public  but  of 
students  and  teachers,  and  as  a  result  of  some  of  his  experi- 
ments made  during  the  past  six  months,  the  Banning  Com- 
pany has  built  a  temporary  building  sixty  feet  by  twenty  on 
the  water  front  at  Avalon,  and  equipped  it  with  forty  or  fifty 
tanks,  in  which  will  be  exhibited  this  summer  as  many  differ- 
ent forms  as  can  be  obtained,  ranging  from  sponges  and  corals 
to  the  large  fishes.  This  building  and  its  equipment  will  con- 
stitute the  nucleus  of  a  fine  zoological  station  and  aquarium 
which  will  grow  and  be  elaborated  if  the  interest  taken  justi- 
fies it.  Aquariums  are  luxuries,  and  even  the  smallest  costs 
a  large  sum  for  construction  and  maintenance,  and  the  Santa 
Catalina  -aquarium  is  no  exception.  Yet  as  an  educational 
feature  it  is  one  of  the  most  important  movements  yet  made  in 
Southern  California,  will  give  a  fresh  impetus  to  scientific  invest!- 

Copyright  1899  by  Land  of  Supsbipe  Pub.  Co. 


LAND   OF  SUNSHINE. 


gation,  and  provide  the  student  and  teacher  with  a  wide 
field  for  study  and  observation,  and  present  an  interesting  ob- 
ject lesson,  telling  the  graphic  story  of  the  marvels  of  animal 
life  on  our  shores. 

The  aquarium  of  the  station  will  have  one  tank  facing  the 

sea  sixty  feet  in 
length.  This  can  be 
divided  off  into  small 
tanks  of  any  size  by 
glass  plates.  A  tank 
for  large  fishes  will  be 
twenty  by  six  feet.  In 
this  it  is  hoped  to  ex- 
hibit sharks  and  a 
large  black  sea  bass  of 
at  least  loo  pounds 
weight,  the  largest 
bony  fish,  with  the 
exception  of  the  tuna, 
in  these  waters.  Be- 
sides this  there  will 
be  a  double  row  of 
tanks  thirty  feet  long, 
and  various  independ- 
ent tanks  with  smaller 
ones  ultimately,  for 
purposes  of  study. 
Only  a  glance  can  be 
taken  at  the  many 
interesting  creatures 
that  will  be  shown 
there  in  July.  In  the 
smaller  tanks  we  shall 
find  the  noctiluca,  one 
of  the  most  brilliant  of 
the  Rhizopods ;  the 
salpa  and  its  chains, 
that  sometimes  so  fill 
the  water  off  Avalon 
1^  I     that  they  can  be  dip- 

»  «™™_^,  ^"     P^d  up  by  the  bucket- 

"  ful.  There  will  be 
shown  the  delicate  Physophora  hydrostatica^  one  of  the  most 
beautiful  of  the  jelly-like  animals  and  one  of  the  fastest  swim- 
mers of  the  group.  The  writer  has  kept  this  radiant  creature 
for  days  in  the  experimental  tank,  also  velella  and  physalia. 
Another  beautiful  and  delicate  form  is  Carinaria,  a  moUusk 
(Heteropod)    having   a   delicate   shell;  and  Pterotrachea  and 


A    CALIFORNIA   AOlUARIUM. 


79 


many  others.  In  the 
sponge  tank  we  shall 
see  a  rare  and  interest- 
ing glass  sponge  with 
glass-like  spicules  ex- 
tendingfromitinevery 
direction,  sponges  in 
deep  red,  yellow  and 
brown  tints.  Corals 
are  not  common  in 
California,  but  there 
are  several  specimens, 
one  large  branch — a 
foot  across  —  covered 
with  polyps,  and  an- 
other species  is  seen 
growing  on  the  shell 
of  a  hermit  crab,  while 
delicate  coral  resembl- 
ing Polyzoan,  like 
Retepora,  are  dredged 
from  deep  water  along 
shore. 

The  cousins  of  co- 
rals, the  sea  anemones, 
have  a  tank  by  them- 
selves. Some  are  four 
or  five  inches  across. 
Many  are  a  vivid 
green,  others  look 
like  ripe  strawberries 
so  vivid  are  their  hues 
—  the  animal  flowers 
of  the  sea.  The  worms 
are  attractive  crea- 
tures. Some  are  in 
huge  tubes,  others 
form  tunnels  of  sand, 
and  show  great  skill 
in  hiding.  Many  are 
brilliantly  phosphor- 
escent, and  one  of  the 
smallest  produces  a 
light  that  sometimes 
resembles  that  of  a 
candle  floating  on  the 
bay.  In  the  crab  tank 
we  may  see  great  spi- 


A  California  aquariums 


8i 


der  crabs  dec- 
orated with 
algae,  a  deep 
red-colored 
crab,  and  the 
sping  lobster 
waving  its 
whips  like  a 
fencer.  Here 
are  crabs  of 
odd  and  beau- 
^  tiful  shapes, 
w  some  from  one 
^  thousand  feet 
^  down  ;  her- 
Q  mits  dragging 
%  huge  shells 
a  about,  while 
g  scores  of 
^  young  fill 
B  every  shell  in 
S  the  tank.  At 
^  the  surface  is 
jjj  a  crab  (grap- 
g  sus)  that  re- 
quires the  air, 
and  spends 
most  of  its 
time  out  of 
the  water. 
Pink  shrimps, 
i  crabs  of  vivid 
?  green  that 
2  mimic  the 
'.  kelp  in  which 
g  ^  they  live,  and 
many  more 
make  up  this  strange  family,  the  study  of  whose  growth  and 
development  is  of  the  greatest  interest.  In  the  shell  tank  we 
find  the  great  black  velvet-colored  key-hole  limpet,  the  beautiful 
haliotis,  and  many  more.  Perhaps  the  most  interesting  creature 
here  is  the  so-called  (incorrectly)  ship  worm — teredo — which 
is  shown  eating  into  a  pier,  completing  its  work  of  destruction, 
that  costs  the  government  thousands  of  dollars  annually  (the 
life  of  a  pile  at  Avalon  being  about  three  years).  Among  the 
interesting  shells  is  2.natica  that  builds  a  nest  of  sand  (sea  collar), 
and  the  delicate  cowry  that  covers  itself  with  a  fleshy  cloak.  At 
times,  though  rarely,  the  paper  nautilus  will  be  seen  here,  and 


A    CALIFORNIA    AQUARIUM.  83 

in  a  tank  by  themselves  are  the  members  of  the  group  without 
shells  ;  the  octopods,  or  devil  fishes,  with  their  bird-like  beaks 
and  bags  of  ink.  Large  squids  are  found  here,  and  the  pen  of 
one  a  foot  long  is  shown  in  the  accompanying  illustration. 
The  squids  can  be  kept  for  a  short  time  in  the  tanks.  Among 
the  interesting  forms  is  the  sea  hare,  Aplysia,  that  becomes  so 
tame  that  it  readily  feeds  from  the  hand,  eating  the  green  ulva 
so  common  here.  The  waters  here  are  particularly  rich  in  these 
peculiar  moUusks.  Some  are  vivid  blue  and  yellow,  others 
yellow,  green  and  black,  and  one  beautiful  form  is  pure  white. 
Many  of  them  have  deposited  their  eggs  in  the  experimental 
tank,  affording  excellent  opportunities  for  study.  Here  we 
shall  also  find  the  lamp  shell,  a  shelled  worm  dredged  in  deep 
water  off  there,  and  known  as  Terebratdulina^  interesting  as 
being  closely  related  to  fossil  forms. 

The  other  forms,  sea  urchins  and  sea  cucumbers  are  well 
represented.  Some  of  the  former  are  a  foot  across,  and  the  lat- 
ter a  foot  long.  The  deep-sea  forms  are  particularly  interest- 
ing, rich  in  color  and  shape. 

The  fishes,  from  their  size  and  beauty,  attract  the  greatest 
attention,  and  as  the  first  exhibition  in  Southern  California, 
they  will  be  most  conspicuous. 

One  tank  is  a  blaze  of  red  gold,  due  to  the  golden  angel  fish, 
and  in  the  same  tank  are  its  young,  beautiful  creatures  spotted 
with  blue — so  far  as  appearances  go,  an  entirely  different  fish. 
This  point  is  to  be  carried  out  in  the  arrangement,  the  idea  be- 
ing to  make  each  tank,  so  far  as  possible,  tell  the  story  com- 
plete of  the  animal  and  its  habits. 

Among  the  rare  forms  we  shall  find  the  hag  (myxine)  cov- 
ered with  slime,  sharks,  and  rays  of  various  kinds,  some  with 
spines;  and  one  of  the  most  interesting  is  the  Port  Jackson 
shark,  peculiar  to  the  Pacific  ocean.  It  is  a  member  of  the 
Cestracionidae,  a  near  ally  to  many  extinct  genera  that  lived 
before  the  oolite.  This  shark  is  shown,  with  its  peculiar 
twisted  eggs  of  so  much  interest  to  the  zoologist.  One  of  the 
most  interesting  fishes  found  here  is  the  Mydophum,  or  brill- 
iant lamp  fish.  The  writer  secured  about  twenty  specimens 
this  past  winter.  They  have  a  light  upon  the  head,  and 
numerous  phosphorescent  spots  along  the  ventral  surface.  They 
are  dredged  in  water  six  hundred  feet  deep,  but  come  in  shore 
in  winter  and  rise  at  night. 

It  will  be  impossible  to  give  a  list  of  the  many  interesting 
and  beautiful  fishes  which  can  be  shown  here,  for  a  greater  or 
less  time  depending  upon  their  nature  ;  but  the  writer  has  ob- 
served the  Regaleeus,  or  band  fish:  the  opah,  a  large  Anten- 
nainus  ;  the  famous  nest-building  fish  (see  illustration),  sun 
fishes,  two  species  of  sword  fish,  the  hippocampus,  or  sea-horse, 
and  many  more  which  are  not  commonly  seen. 


84  LAND   OF  SUNSHINE. 

One  of  the  most  interesting  exhibits  will  be  of  the  large 
California  flying  fish  and  the  kelp  fishes.  One  variety  of  the 
latter  is  a  marvelous  mimic  standing  upright  in  the  tank, 
and  in  color  and  its  dorsal  fin  resembling  the  sea-weed  so  ex- 
actly that  it  is  dijBBcult  to  distinguish  it.  The  flat  fishes, 
flounders,  sand  dabs,  etc.,  will  afibrd  an  interesting  study,  as 
the  eye  changes  from  one  side  to  the  other  during  growth. 

The  spotted  moray,  or  eel  will  be  shown^ — a  veritable  sea- 
snake — while  other  curious  fishes  are  the  gobies,  some  of 
which  seem  to  require  air  part  of  the  time,  and  invariably 
drown  when  forced  under  water  for  along  period.  Those  col- 
lected were  all  found  at  low  tide  clinging  to  the  under  side  of 
rocks  ten  or  more  feet  from  water. 

The  many  rich  bass,  perch,  sheep's-head  and  white  fish 
not  only  thrive  well  in  the  tanks  but  become  very  tame,  perch 
and  rock  bass  feeding  from  the  hand.  The  sculpins  and  the 
large  "kelp  cod,"  a  great  "bull-head,"  are  the  grotesques  of 
the  collection,  covered  with  barnacles  and  tangles,  mimicing  the 
bottom,  and  devouring  everything  within  reach. 

An  interesting  fish  is  the  surf  fish  which  gives  birth  to  its 
young  alive.  Several  species  are  found  here,  all  of  which 
have  the  same  habit.  Among  others  that  will  be  shown  are 
the  Remoras,  the  fish  with  a  sucking  disk,  that  follows  sharks  ; 
the  Chimaera,  or  rat  fish,  which  lays  remarkable  eggs  ;  the 
"pufi" shark,"  the  sting-ray,  angle  fish,  and  many  more  that  are 
rarely  seen  alive  by  either  scientist  or  layman. 

The  embryo  zoological  station  will  present,  in  its  aquarium, 
a  most  interesting  exhibit  to  the  general  public;  one  that  will 
be  unique,  as  never  before  have  the  marine  fishes  and  other 
animals  of  this  section  been  shown,  and  it  is  hoped  that  the 
movement  will  be  of  benefit  to  students  everywhere,  who  will 
be  given  every  facility  to  prosecute  their  studies. 

Pasadena,  Cal. 


Among  the  Yaqui  Indians  in 

So  NORA. 


BY    VERONA    GRANVILLE. 


HE  most  pleasant  feature  of  my  travel 
through  the  west-coast  States  of  Mexico, 
last  year,  was  a  brief  visit  to  the  section  oc- 
cupied by  the  Yaqui  Indians,  in  Sonora. 

Our  route  lay  directly  over  one  of  the  old 
Apache  trails,  made  famous  by  the  numer- 
ous raids  of  renegades  from  Arizona  and 
New  Mexico  in  the  days  when  Geronimo 
and  **  Apache  Kid"  were  a  terror  to  two  governments.  The 
country,  after  leaving  the  railroad  station  of  Ortiz,  until  the 


^-L0$ 

h 

im^m 

0^ 

4    V^^O^*™^^ 

z!^^ 

AMONG   THE  YAQXJl  INDIANS  IN  SONORA. 


Ss 


L.  A.  Eng.  Co 


Ai,ONG  thb;  yaqui  river. 


Yaqui'f river  is  reached  (with  the  exception  of  the  Bacatete 
mountains)  is  almost  as  barren  as  the  great  Colorado  Desert, 
of  which  it  is  really  an  extension.  The  vegetation  is  sparse, 
with  here  and  there  bunches  of  cactus,  chaparral,  greasewood 


L.  A.  Eng.  Co. 


A   YAQUI   I<AUNDRESS. 


AMONG   THE  YAQUI  INDIANS  IN  'SONORA.       87 


L  A    Eng    Co. 

A    I2-YKAR-OLD   MOTHER. 


and  palo  verde,  and  an  occasional 

grassy  mesa,  dotted  with  fat  cattle. 

Our   riding   animals   were   mules 

and  the  pack  animals  burros.  The 

mozos  in  charge  of  the  pack-train 

walked  the  entire  distance,  some- 
times passing  with  bare  feet  over 

sharp    rocks    and   cacti,   without 

apparent  injury.     The  trail  being 

good,  the  weather  superb  and  no 

accidents      befalling,      we     often 

covered  thirty  miles  a  day,  start- 
ing at  early  morn,  resting  an  hour 

at  noon,  and  camping  before  dark. 

With    commodious    tents,     camp 

beds  and  an  excellent  cook,  there 

were  few  of  the  hardships  we  had 

expected. 

Our  first  stop  was  made  at  the 

hamlet  of  San  Marcial,  on  the  Rio  Matape.     It  is  a  typical 

collection  of  adobe  huts,  with  flat  roofs,  a  tumble-down  church 

and  a  general  air  of  unthrift. 
Two  days  travel  from  San  Marcial 
brought  us  into  the  Bacatete 
Mountains,  an  almost  barren 
range  of  comparatively  recent 
birth.  These  isolated  mountains 
have  for  ages  past  been  the  ren- 
dezvous of  renegade  Indians, 
who  have  been  at  war  with  the 
Mexican  government  for  the  past 
three  hundred  years,  until  the 
treaty  of  peace,  made  a  few 
months  ago.  The  Indians  have 
now  abandoned  their  stronghold, 
and  the  country  is  safe  for  travel- 
ers and  prospectors. 

Where  water  is  abundant,  the 
^_    .         a^^^B     canons  are  redolent  with  the  odor 
"'  mBM       JH     ^^  ^^^^  flowers,  and  an  infinite 
^Hp        ^^^^^B     variety   of   ferns  cling  to   every 
^^^     --'^^^^M     rocky  ledge.     The  streams  cut- 
^^  ^^^^H     ^^°^  through  the  mountains  and 

forming  almost  impassable  bar- 
rancas, are  generally  small  except 
during  the  rainy  season,  when 
they  are  transformed  into  raging 
torrents.     In  several  instances  we 


L.  A.  Eng.C  o. 

A    YAQUI 


DUDE. 


o 

O 

a 

«  g 

O  *" 

>  fl 

5H     cd 

«  S 
w  "^ 

W     3 


AMONG   THE  YAQUI  INDIANS  IN   SONORA.       89 

were  forced  to  make  detours  of  many  miles  around  the  head  of 
a  barranca.  There  are  vast  deposits  of  beautifully  tinted  gran- 
ite in  these  mountains  that  would  be  eagerly  sought  for  build- 
ing material  could  it  be  transported  ;  and  I  was  told  that  rare 
marble  and  onyx  are  found  in  abundance  to  the  north.  Wild 
turkeys,  bear,  deer  and  "  lions"  were  frequently  seen  ;  and  not 
least  among  the  delicacies  of  our  daily  menu  were  venison 
steaks  and  turkey  breasts.  There  were  no  fish  that  pleased 
our  effete  palates,  but  many  varieties  highly  pleasing  to  the 
mozos,  who  concocted  divers  savory  dishes  of  fish,  chile  and 
wild     garlic.      Occasional   ranches   supplied    us    with   milk, 


L.  A.  Eng  Co. 


THE  PET  DEER. 


chickens,  and  eggs,  and  as  a  rule  both  natives  and  Indians 
refused  to  accept  payment  for  any  articles  of  food,  though 
they  were  delighted  to  receive  small  presents  of  canned  meats, 
bits  of  rope  or  nails. 

One  evening  as  we  approached  a  deep  barranca  where  the 
mesquite  and  palo  verde  grow  to  the  size  of  respectable  trees, 
there  arose  a  cry  as  of  thousands  of  wild  ducks.  As  they  bore 
downward,  with  hoarse,  deafening  cries,  the  glint  of  crimson 
and  green  and  gold  dazzled  the  eye.  It  was  a  flock  of  parrots, 
thousands  in  number,  and  indescribably  beautiful  in  the  bright 
sunlight,  as  they  circled  round  and  round  before  alighting  in 
the  treetops.     After  dark,   the  mozos  succeeded  in  trapping 


90  LAND   OF  SUNSHINE. 

three  gorgeously-colored  birds,  which  were  carried  with  us  in 
an  ingenious  cage  of  bamboo. 

The  first  view  of  the  Yaqui  river  was  from  the  crest  of  a  hill 
about  half  way  between  San  Jose  and  Cumuripa.  It  is  a  slug- 
gish stream  here,  easily  forded  in  the  dry  season,  but  a  rush- 
ing torrent  after  the  first  summer  rains.  The  river  is  lined 
with  Indian  huts,  a  few  of  adobe,  but  the  majority  of  brush 
and  dry  grass.  A  small  space  in  front  of  the  house  is  gener- 
ally enclosed  by  a  rock  wall,  not  so  much  to  keep  other  ani- 
mals out  as  to  keep  those  of  the  proprietor  in  ;  for  men, 
women,  children  and  animals  live  together  in  sweet  content 
along  the  Yaqui  river.  I  was  surprised  to  find  the  inhabitants 
of  these  humble  homes  so  well  dressed  and  so  up-to-date  in 
their  cooking  utensils,  agricultural  implements  and  weapons. 

A  fine  modern  rifle  stood  in  the  corner  of  the  first  house  I 
entered.  All  the  family  wore  shoes,  and  the  mother  and  three 
little  girls  wore  neat,  lace-trimmed  calico  dresses.  They  had 
just  come  from  church,  it  being  Sunday.  Though  we  were 
invited  to  dine  with  the  family,  we  declined,  as  our  time  was 
limited  in  the  village.  Many  other  huts  were  visited,  and  all 
were  far  cleaner  and  their  occupants  more  intelligent  than  I  had 
been  led  to  expect  from  my  reading  about  the  the  Yaquis. 
Both  men  and  women  are  above  the  average  Mexican  in 
height.  Many  are  extremely  tall  and  all  well  proportioned. 
Their  features  are  pleasing,  their  eyes  large  and  piercing,  their 
noses  straight  and  their  teeth  white  as  ivory.  The  carriage  of 
a  Yaqui  woman  would  fire  the  heart  of  a  Delsartean  with 
unquenchable  envy,  so  tall,  so  straight,  so  well  poised  is  the 
entire  figure,  especially  when  the  oUa  is  placed  on  the  head  on 
returning  trom  the  well  or  river.  The  constant  carrying  of 
burdens  on  the  head  preserves  an  erect  position  of  the  torso, 
and  the  act  of  walking  is  performed  from  the  waist  downward 
— a  method  employed  by  the  Greeks  for  beautifying  the  human 
form  divine. 

The  Yaquis  are  the  backbone  of  the  population  of  Sonora. 
They  are  the  best  workmen  in  the  Republic,  commanding  from 
ten  to  twenty  per  cent  higher  wages  in  many  localities  than 
Mexican  or  other  Indian  labor.  There  is  not  a  lazy  bone  in 
the  Yaqui  body.  They  are  a  peaceable,  law-abiding  people 
when  justly  treated.  From  time  immemorial  they  have  been 
hunters,  miners  and  tillers  of  the  soil.  They  have  the  nomad 
instinct  in  less  degree  than  almost  any  other  Indian  tribe. 
When  oppressed  they  have  simply  risen  to  redress  their 
wrongs.  In  their  mountain  fastness  they  could  no  more  be 
conquered  than  the  Scotsmen  before  the  battle  of  Bannock- 
burn.  The  government  at  last  recognized  the  futility  of  con- 
tinuing the  struggle  to  conquer  them,  and  at  the  invitation  of 
President  Diaz,  the  old  chief  of  the  Yaquis,  Tetabiate,  visited 


AMONG   THE  YAQUI  INDIANS  IN    SONORA.        9i 

the  City  of  Mexico,  where  the  terms  of  a  treaty  of  peace  were 
agreed  to.  The  signing  of  the  treaty  took  place  at  Ortiz,  a 
miUtary  station  near  Guaymas.  It  was  an  impressive  sight, 
with  hundreds  of  Indians,  all  carrying  white  flags  bearing  the 
word  paz  (peace),  surrounding  the  old  chief  and  Colonel 
Peinado.  Tetabiate  gave  his  word  that  the  life  and  property 
of  all  Mexicans  and  foreigners  should  be  held  sacred  within 
his  domain,  and  that  he  and  his  people  would  uphold  and 
obey  the  laws  of  the  Republic.  Colonel  Peinado  promised  on 
the  part  of  the  Government  that  certain  lands  claimed  by  the 
Indians  should  be  theirs  absolutely,  to  hold  or  to  sell,  and  that 
they  should  be  granted  all  the  rights  held  by  the  Mexicans. 
The  treaty  has  never  been  violated  by  Tetabiate,  and  he  caused 
to  be  shot  several  Indians  who  killed  an  American  prospector 
in    the   Sierra  Madre  near  the  Rio  Aros.     His  word    is   law 


I 


LA.  Enf .  Co, 


A    YAOUI   HUT. 


among  his  people,  and  his  decisions  are  accepted  as  infallible. 
He  is  said  to  be  considerably  influenced  by  the  priests,  who 
have  dwelt  among  the  Yaquis  since  the  days  of  the  Spanish 
conquest.     All  the  Yaquis  are  Catholics. 

During  the  past  two  or  three  years  the  government  has  ex- 
pended large  amounts  upon  irrigation  canals.  Much  native 
and  foreign  capital  is  being  expended  in  developing  the 
country,  sugar  planting  being  considered  especially  re- 
munerative. 

The  government  has  also  sent  among  the  Yaqui  Indians, 
during  the  past  month,  two  male  and  ten  female  teachers  from 
the  City  of  Mexico  to  establish  primary  schools  for  boys  and 
girls  in  several  of  the  larger  native  villages.  Suitable  build- 
ings have  been  erected  and  well  equipped  with  text-books, 
maps,  globes  and  other  supplies,  all  of  which,  as  elsewhere  in 
the  Republic,  are  free  to  the  pupil. 


92 


LAND    OF  SUNSHINE. 


L.  A.  EDg.  Co. 


YAOUI   BEGGARS. 


There  are  many  quaint,  old 

churches       throughout       the 

Yaqui  country,  many  of  which 

have   been    wholly   or   partly 

decorated  by  the  Indians,  in  a 

strikingly  original  and  bizarre 

style.    At  one  of  the  villages  I 

saw   copper    bells,    weighing 

almost  a  ton  each,  bearing  the 

date    of    1763.      These    bells 

were  removed  from  the  church 

during  the  late  wars  with  the 

government   troops   and    pre- 

»    iM  M    1^  sented  to  a  church  near  Her- 

Vm  'li  9P9  mosillo,  but  on  the  demand  of 

I        M  W  ^     ^^^  chief  they  were  returned, 

f  \     1  ^B  ^^^  ^^^y  ^^^^^  P^^^  sweetly  for 

I     4  Mh        ^  ^    morning  and  evening  service, 

^J    I'W'lB    ■-     i«3   jug^  as  in  the  old  days  when 

Spain  was  mistress  of  the  land 

of  the  Aztecs. 

At  Tonochi  I  witnessed  a 
marriage  ceremony,  which  was  conducted  strictly  after  the 
ancient  Yaqui  plan.  A  handsome  young  Indian  of  about  twenty 
was  the  groom,  the  bride  a  maiden  of  some  thirteen  summers. 
The  legal  marriage  age  for  women  in  the  tierra  caliente  is 
thirteen,  although  girls  are  frequently  mothers  at  eleven  or 
twelve.  The  parents  of  both  were  in  favor  of  the  marriage, 
but  it  is  not  Yaqui  etiquette  to  appear  anxious.  Therelore, 
the  young  man  was  put  on  probation  for  a  period  of  about  ten 
days,  during  which  time  the  men  tried  to  induce  him  to  drink 
and  the  women  tempted  him  with  smiles  and  flattering  words. 
But  Pancho  deported  himself  with  becoming  decorum  and  came 
forth  unscathed.  Then  there  was  a  great  pow-wow  at  the 
house  of  the  oldest  man  in  the  village  —  a  sort  of  local  chief, 
elected  by  the  people  as  judge  and  arbiter  in  disputes.  He  in- 
vited in  four  other  old  men  of  the  tribe,  and  Pancho  was  ordered 
to  appear.  As  he  stood  with  bowed  head  before  his  judges,  the 
eldest  man  rose  and  made  a  long  harangue,  in  which  he  re- 
viewed the  young  man's  history  from  his  birth,  expatiating  at 
length  on  his  faults,  follies  and  poverty.  Then  the  next  eldest 
man  rose  and  recited  all  he  knew  or  had  heard  to  the  detriment 
of  the  poor  fellow,  and  was  followed  in  turn  by  the  other  old 
men,  according  to  age,  who  accused  him  of  every  crime  in  the 
Yaqui  decalogue.  Then  Pancho  was  commanded  to  speak  and 
answer  the  charges,  and  relate  any  deeds  of  charity  or  bravery 
he  may  have  performed,  that  they  might  mitigate  the  terrible 
reputation  given  him  by  his  elders.     Pancho  threw  back  his 


AMONG   THE  YAQUI  INDIANS  IN   SONORA. 


93 


head,  planted  his  broad  back  against  the  wall,  and  answered  his 
accusers.  At  the  end  of  his  defense  the  old  men  clapped  their 
hands  in  approval,  and  a  messenger  was  sent  for  the  bride  and 
her  family.  Not  anticipating  an  unfavorable  verdict,  the 
bride  was  dressed  for  the  ceremony  and  was  waiting  outside 
the  hut  with  her  parents  and  friends.  The  chief  handed  the 
groom  a  loaded  gun,  which  the  young  man  discharged  into 
the  air,  after  walking  to  the  end  of  the  stone  corral  surround- 
ing the  hut.  The  bride  then  fired  the  gun  and  the  ceremony 
of  marriage  was  at  an  end.  This  was  to  signify  that  the 
wronged  one  was  to  have  the  privilege  of  killing  the  unfaithful 
consort,  should  either  violate  the  marriage  vow.  This  pagan 
ceremony  was  followed  by  festivities  at  the  house  of  the 
bride's  parents,  which  lasted  till  morning.  There  was  dancing 
to  the  music  of  a  sweet  toned  guitar  ana  a  rude  harp  of  native 


L.  A.  Eng  Co 


YAOUIS   AT   HOME. 


manufacture,  played  with  consummate  skill  by  two  stalwart 
Indians.  The  guitar  was  of  cedar,  with  an  armadillo  shell 
back.  The  harp  was  uniquely  carved  with  fishes,  such 
as  never  existed  save  in  the  bizarre  imagination  of  a  Yaqui 
Indian.  Many  of  the  Indians  are  skilled  performers  on 
stringed  instruments,  and  their  voices  are  sweet  and  true, 
though  not  strong. 

The  status  of  women  among  the  Yaquis  is  higher  than  of  any 
Indian  race  I  have  ever  been  among.  They  seem  to  be  on  a  foot- 
ing of  absolute  equality  with  the  men.  A  woman's  word  is 
law  in  her  own  house,  and  the  father  has  practically  no  voice 
in  the  control  of  the  children. 

Divorce  is  infrequent  among  the  Indians,  and  the  only  cause 
therefor  is  unfaithfulness.     The  wronged  party  has  the  privi- 


94  LAND    OF  SUNSHINE. 

lege  of  killing  the  unfaithful  one,  and  is  not  amenable  to  the 
law  for  the  crime.  This  privilege,  of  course,  holds  good  only 
in  the  districts  bej'-ond  the  pale  of  the  Mexican  law,  and  re- 
mote from  the  immediate  influence  of  Chief  Tetabiate,  who, 
since  the  treaty  of  peace,  has  made  earnest  effort  to  stamp  out 
ancient  superstitions  among  his  people. 

That  witchcraft  and  idol  worship  are  not  yet  dead  among 
the  Yaquis  I  soon  discovered  while  wandering  among  the  peo- 
ple of  the  small  villages  along  the  river.  At  an  Indian  hut  I 
was  shown  a  "  bruja,"  or  witch  doll,  by  an  unusually  intelli- 
gent Yaqui  woman,  the  mother  of  seven  children,  whose  hus- 
band had  been  put  to  death,  she  averred,  on  the  accusation  of 
having  the  "evil  eye."  The  doll  was  ten  inches  long,  made 
of  black  cloth  and  stuffed  with  wool.  It  was  stuck  full  of  the 
sharp  thorns  of  the  maguey  plant,  and  it  was  believed  that  the 
enemies  of  the  family  suffered  excrutiating  pain  so  long  as  the 
thorns  remained  in  the  doll.  The  story  that  the  mother  told 
me  was  pathetic.  She  said,  in  excellent  Spanish :  **  My 
husband  was  a  good  man,  a  miner  at  the  placer  diggings  on 
the  Rio  Aros.  He  was  away  from  home  most  of  the  time,  and 
came  to  see  us  only  two  or  three  times  a  year.  I  lived  at  the 
village  with  the  little  ones  so  that  they  could  go  to  the  padre 
to  learn  to  read.  It  cost  almost  all  my  husband  earned  at  the 
mines  to  buy  us  food  and  clothes  and  pay  the  padre.  But  there 
were  those  in  the  village  who  were  jealous  of  me  and  the 
little  ones  because  we  had  more  than  they,  and  the  reason  was 
that  we  drank  no  tequila,  and  they,  our  enemies,  spent  all 
their  money  for  drink.  One  day  when  my  husband  came  to 
see  us  and  brought  money,  old  Pedro  and  some  of  the  other 
men  came  and  asked  him  to  join  them  at  the  cantina,  where 
other  miners  were  drinking  and  spending  the  money  that 
should  have  gone  to  the  wives  and  little  ones.  My  Diego  re- 
fused to  go,  and  the  men  went  out  and  one  of  them  fell  down 
on  the  ground  and  declared  that  he  was  hurt  in  his  head,  and 
that  my  Diego  and  I  and  all  the  little  ones  had  the  evil  eye  ; 
that  we  were  all  as  the  people  that  they  used  to  burn  as 
witches.  And  that  night  when  Diego  went  to  the  corral  after 
dark  to  look  after  the  burros  and  cow,  some  men  seized  him 
and  dragged  him  to  the  river,  where  they  tied  rocks  to  him 
and  threw  him  into  the  river  to  drown.  And  when  I  and  the 
little  ones  tried  to  save  him,  the  men  beat  us  and  drove  us  back 
to  the  house.  After  that  they  made  us  leave  our  house  in  the 
village  and  come  here,  half  a  mile  away.  And  then  it  was 
that  I  made  the  dru/a  to  protect  us,  and  the  people  are  now 
afraid  of  us  and  each  one  in  the  village  gives  us  so  much  of 
his  corn  and  frijoles  not  to  name  the  bruja  for  him  ;  for  when 
it  is  named  for  anyone  and  the  thorns  stuck  in,  the  person 
suffers  great  pain  and  soon  dies.     They  killed  my  Diego,  and 


AMONG   THE   YAQUA    INDIANS   IN   SONORA. 


95 


they  must  support  his  wife  and  little  ones,  so  I  scare  them  all 
the  time  with  the  witch  doll." 

I  wished  to  purchase  the  witch  doll,  but  nothing  would 
tempt  her  to  part  with  it,  as  she  said  it  would  bring  me  bad 
luck. 

At  Onovas  we  saw  two  Mayo  Indians,  with  fair  hair,  red 
beards  and  very  light  blue  eyes,  very  much  resembling  Swedes 
or  Danes.  As  they  looked  so  much  like  white  men,  I  was 
amazed  to  hear  our  guide  address  them  in  a  strange  language  ; 
and  he  afterward  explained  that  they  were  descendants  from 
the  survivors  of  a  Danish  ship  that  was  wrecked  on  the  coast 
near  the  mouth  of  the  Mayo  river,  between  forty  and  fifty 
years  ago.  The  survivors  were  kept  in  captivity  and  took 
native  wives.  The  ordinary  Mayo  Indian  resembles  the  Yaqui, 
though  inferior  in  height,  and  considerably  darker  of  skin.  I 
have  been  told  by  the  Yaquis  themselves  that  their  physical 
superiority  is  due  to  the  ancient  practice  of  putting  to  death  at 
birth  all  weak  or  deformed  children — a  practice  still  adhered 
to  in  the  mountains  of  the  Sierra  Madre,  remote  from  the 
influence  of  the  law,  though  strenuous  effort  is  being  made  to 
abolish  it,  both  by  the  native  chief  and  the  government. 

One  can  scarcely  close  an  article  of  any  description  relating 
te  Mexico,  without  paying  a  tribute  to  President  Diaz,  who, 
thirteen  years  ago,  began  his  great  reforms  in  a  country  preg- 
nant with  brigandage,  lawlessness  and  intrigue.  To  day  the 
clear  light  of  peace,  progress  and  contentment  is  as  notable 
in  the  isolated  lands  of  the  Yaquis  as  in  the  capital  city  itself. 
And  so  firmly  founded  are  the  great  principles  of  the  president 
that  no  intelligent  observer  will  for  a  moment  concede  that  ret- 
rogression will  be  possible,  even  when  Diaz  no  longer  guides 
the  ship  of  State. 


Teniosochic,  Mexico 


The  California  Redwoods. 

BY    BERTHA    F.    HERRICK. 

EQUOIAS,  or  redwoods,  are  said  to  be  not  only  the 
largest  but  the  oldest  trees  in  existence  ;  scien- 
tists stating  the  maximum  age  of  living  specimens 
to  be  about  2000  years  and  claiming  them  to  be 
descendants  of  yet  mightier  forest  giants. 

Their  original   habitat  was  the  countries    sur- 
rounding the  Arctic  Ocean,  where  their  fossilized 
remains  are  still  to  be  found  ;  but  they  were  driven 
southward  by  advancing  glaciers,  finding  a  conge- 
caiifornia  Cream  Cup.         nial  climatc  iu  California,  to  which  place  they  are 
now  exclusively  confined. 

There  are  two  varieties  in  the  State  ;  the  coast  redwood  {Sequoia  Sem- 
pervirens),  which  grows  in  irregular  groves  in  the  Coast  Range  from 
Monterey  Bay  to  the  Oregon  line,  and  the  famous  **  Big  Trees  "  {Sequoia 
Gigantea),  natives  of  the  western  slope  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  at  an  ele- 
vation of  from  5000  to  8000  feet. 


OF  THB 

UNIVERSITY 


L.  A    Enf  Co. 


lyOGGING   IN   THE   REDWOODS. 


Photo,  by  Lowdon 


L.  A.  Eng  Co. 


A  SEQUOIA. 


THE   CALIFORIA    REDWOODS. 


99 


Among  the  exploring  Franciscan  friars,  at  Santa  Cruz,  in  1769,  the 
former  variety  was  known  as  the  "Palo  Colorado,"  or  **  red  tree  ;  "  and 
the  estate  of  Stanford  University  derives  its  name  of  Palo  Alto,  or  **  tall 
tree,"  from  a  lofty  redwood  landmark,  the  last  of  its  race  in  that  vi- 
cinity. 

The  Sierra  species  was  formerly  described  by  English  botanists  as  the 
Wellingtouia  gigantea  and  by  Americans  as  the  Washingtonia  gigantea; 
but  it  is  now  generally  called  by  its  Indian  name  of  Sequoia. 

The  two  kinds  are  closely  allied,  the  main  differences  being  in  size 
and  environment ;  but  they  are  never  found  growing  together,  though 
often  mingling  with  other  trees. 

Both  have  fine,  rich  foliage  and  rigid,  tapering  trunks,  often  branch- 
less to  the  height  of  100  feet ;  and  the  reddish,  velvety  bark,  which  is 
usually  twisled  spirally  from  apex  to  base  of  the  great  column,  varies 
from  six  to  eleven  inches  in  thickness. 

The  cones  are  borne  in  great  numbers  but  seem  remarkably  small 
for  such  huge  trees — those  of  the  Sierra  sequoias  being  not  more  than 
two  and  a  half  inches  in  length,  while  the  cones  of  the  coast  redwood 
do  not  exceed  an  inch  and  a  half  or  two  inches. 

Gray  squirrels  are  especially  fond  of  the  seeds  and  store  away  im- 
mense quantities  for  winter  use  ;  but  their  haunts  are  often  unceremo- 
niously invaded  by  the  professional  seed  gatherer,  who,  taking  advan- 
tage of  their  industry,  supplies  orders  from  foreign  countries  irom  this 
source. 

Were  it  not  for  their  phoenix-like  powers  of  reproduction,  the  coast 
redwoods  would  be  doomed  to  final  extinction  by  the  lumbermen  ;  but, 
unlike  other  timber  trees,  they  are  not  destroyed  by  felling.  No  sooner 
is  one  of  these  primeval  giants  laid  low,  than  from  six  to  twenty  vigor- 
ous young  saplings  spring  up  in  a  circle  around  the  demolished  stump, 
as  though  Nature  were  trying  to  hide  the  ugly  scar  ;  and  so  rapidly  do 
these  herculean  infants  grow,  that  they  are  ready  for  the  saw  when  up- 
wards of  twenty  years  of  age,  at  which  time  they  are  about  two  feet  in 
diameter. 

Another  peculiarity  of  redwoods  is  that  of  forming  natural  halls,  or 
cathedrals,  the  pillars  of  which  are  rugged  trunks  and  the  domes  arches 
of  living  green. 

The  vitality  of  sequoias  is  simply  astonishing,  logs  having  been 
known  to  send  out  fresh  shoots,  after  they  have  been  cut  for  several 
years  ;  while  hardy  young  trees  have  actually  been  found  growing  out  of 
mossy  trunks,  that  have  fallen  over  mountain  streams. 

An  area  of  about  twenty  acres  in  the  Coast  Range  is  covered  by  the 
Santa  Cruz  Grove,  which  contains  trees  rivaling  in  size  their  famous 
cousins  in  the  Sierras,  some  of  the  largest  specimens  being  300  feet  in 
height  and  twenty  feet  or  more  in  diameter. 

Many  of  these  trees  have  historic  names.  The  "  General  Fremont" 
is  a  hollow  sequoia  275  feet  high  and  46  feet  in  circumference,  in  which 
the  Pathfinder  made  his  home  for  several  months  in  1847,  the  cavernous 
interior  being  14x16  feet. 

The  "President  Harrison,"  the  "General  Sherman,"  and  the  "Daniel 
Webster  "  are  all  mammoth  redwoods  of  magnificent  bearing  ;  and  the 
"  Giant  "  once  boasted  the  altitude  of  375  feet,  but  was  deprived  of  over 
50  feet  of  his  lofty  crest  by  a  furious  winter  gale. 

"Jumbo  "  is  so-called  from  its  fancied  resemblance  to  an  elephant. 

Among  clumps  of  trees  in  this  grove  are  the  "  Robert  IngersoU" 
group,  the  united  girth  of  which  is  95  feet ;  the  "  Nine  Muses,"  form- 
ing a  cool  arbor-like  retreat ;  the  "  Y.  M.  C.  A."  group,  and  the  "Three 
Sisters  " — a  graceful  trio  200  feet  high,  springing  from  the  same  root. 
As  straight  as  masts  are  the  colossal  trunks,  any  one  of  which  is  capable 
of  producing  sufficient  lumber  to  build  a  good-sized  house. 

Not  all  at  once  do  their  proportions  impress  the  visitor,  but  little  by 


loo  LAND   OF  SUNSHINE. 

little  their  grandeur  grows,  like  the  immensity  of  Mt.  Shasta  or  the 
beauty  of  the  Yosemite  Falls.  Gazing  upward  into  their  deep,  green 
recesses,  through  which  the  wind  roars  with  a  sound  like  surf  on  a  sea- 
beach,  one  is  overpowered  with  a  sense  of  one's  own  littlenCvSS. 

The  Sierra  groves  of  '*  Big  Trees  "  are  about  twenty  in  number  and 
cover  an  area  of  nearly  200  miles.  The  Calaveras  grove  is  50  acres  in 
extent  and  contains  over  ninety  trees,  twenty  of  which  are  over  25  feet 
in  diameter. 

Some  of  the  largest  specimens  are  also  named  after  prominent  people 
—among  them  being  **  General  Grant"  "Andrew  Jackson,"  "Florence 
Nightingale,"  "Abraham  Lincoln,"  "General  Sherman,"  "Professor 
Grey  "  and  "  William  CuUen  Bryant." 

"  The  Pride  of  the  Forest  "  reaches  a  height  of  300  feet,  and  is  twenty- 
three  feet  thick  ;  and  "  Hercules,"  which  was  blown  down  some  thirty 
years  ago,  in  a  winter  storm,  measures  325  feet  in  height  and  95  feet  in 
circumference. 

Among  other  prostrate  trees  are  "The  Fallen  Monarch,"  "The 
Miner's  Cabin,"  and  "The  Father  of  the  Forest,"  the  height  of  which 
has  been  estimated  at  having  once  been  450  feet.  It  is  112  feet  in  girth  ; 
and  through  its  hollow  interior  riders  are  accustomed  to  pass  on 
horseback. 

Near  by  is  "  The  Mother  of  the  Forest" — a  noble  tree,  which  has 
been  wantonly  stripped  of  its  bark,  to  a  considerable  elevation,  for  ex- 
hibition at  fairs. 

"The  Pioneer's  Cabin "  has  an  opening  cut  through  its  massive 
trunk,  enabling  a  four-horse  stage-coach  to  drive  through  the  growing 
tree. 

About  seven  miles  from  the  "Mammoth  Grove"  is  the  "South 
Grove  " — which  is  three  and  a  half  miles  in  length  and  contains  over  a 
thousand  trees,  including  a  number  of  pines  and  firs. 

Here  are  to  be  found  "  New  York,"  the  largest  living  tree,  104  feet  in 
circumference,  "  Columbus,"  "  Old  Goliah  "  and  other  forest  giants. 

In  the  Big  Tree  Grove  at  Mariposa  are  about  four  hundred  sequoias 
ranging  from  150  to  300  feet  in  height,  among  the  most  conspicuous 
being  "  Wawona  "  and  the  "  Grizzly  Giant." 

The  various  logging  camps  scattered  along  the  coast  are  full  of  in- 
terest to  the  visitor.  The  trees  are  felled  with  axes  and  a  huge  saw, 
skillfully  operated  by  two  men,  who  stand  upon  a  rough  scaffolding, 
several  feet  from  the  ground. 

Their  hazardous  task  accomplished,  and  the  sylvan  monarch  having 
fallen  crashing  into  the  "  bed  "  prepared  to  receive  it,  the  branches  and 
bark  are  stripped  off,  and  the  trunk  which  is  sometimes  eight  or  ten 
feet  in  diameter,  is  cut  up  into  logs  varying  from  twelve  to  twenty  feet 
in  length. 

If  the  forest  is  choked  with  boughs  and  dead  brush  they  are  set  on 
fire  to  clear  the  way  ;  for  as  redwood  contains  neither  pitch  nor  resin,  it 
smoulders  rather  than  bursts  into  a  flame  and  there  is  little  danger  of 
conflagrations,  although  they  are  sometimes  started  in  this  way. 

In  most  of  the  larger  mills,  a  locomotive  and  flat  cars  are  used  for 
hauling  the  logs  from  the  woods  to  the  mill  or  river,  one  huge  log  often 
occupying  an  entire  car. 

But  in  many  of  the  lumber  camps,  eight  or  ten  yoke  of  oxen  or  a 
dozen  pairs  of  horses  or  mules  are  employed — ten  or  fifteen  sections  of 
the  great  trunks  being  attached  together  with  heavy  chains,  forming 
what  is  known  as  a  "  train." 

As  a  wide,  smooth  and  even  track  is  indispensable,  a  '*  skid"  road  is 
made  by  placing  logs,  corduroy  fashion,  upon  a  cleared  space  and  keep- 
ing them  wet  to  reduce  friction  and  to  enable  the  train  to  glide  along 
smoothly — the  process  being  called  "  snaking  out." 

Slowly  the  oxen  plod  along  until  they  reach  a  declivity,  when  the 


ONE   DAY  AT  PaCHECO'S.  ioi 

teamster  with  snapping  whip  and  not  a  little  profanity,  urges  them  into 
a  mad  gallop,  which  becomes  a  veritable  race  for  life,  the  immense  logs 
booming  along  behind  them,  till  they  reach  the  foot  of  the  incline. 

In  very  steep  places,  the  locomotive  is  usually  removed  and  the 
mighty  freight  allowed  a  wild  ride  down  the  grade  ;  or  if  the  terminus 
of  the  railroad  is  on  a  high  bank  above  a  stream,  the  logs  are  sent  down 
a  long  chute,  plunging  into  the  water  with  a  tremendous  splash  and 
sending  up  great  showers  of  flying  spray. 

When  the  logging  camp  is  situated  near  a  wide  river,  the  logs  are 
floated  down  the  current  to  the  mill  in  the  form  of  enormous  rafts  ;  or 
large  cigar  shaped  cages  of  logs  are  towed  by  streamers  to  distant  ports 
on  the  ocean. 

Being  extremely  durable  and  never  swelling  or  shrinking,  when  once 
thoroughly  seasoned,  this  wood  is  very  valuable  for  telegraph  poles, 
fence  posts,  shingles,  and  railroad  ties,  and  is  also  much  prized  for  the 
interior  decorations  of  houses  on  account  of  the  richness  and  variety  of 
its  grains  and  the  high  polish  of  which  it  is  capable. 


One  Day  at  Pacheco's 

BY  IDAH    MBACHAM    STROBRIDCB. 

^^OU  think  because  I  don't  grow  enthusiastic  over 

(^     this  horserace  today  that  I  don't  know  what  it  is 

to  enjoy  seeing  a  good  horse  run,  and  a  good  rider 

keep  his  seat  ?    Why,  my  dear  boy,  I  have  seen  riding 

and  running  that  stirred  a  man's  blood  so  that  this 

sort  of  thing  wasn't  to  be  mentioned  in  the  same  day 

with  it ! 

You  men  of  a  younger  generation  miss  what  we 
old  fellows  remember. 

Just  sit  down,  sit  down  now,  and  let  me  tell 
you  about  one  day  at  Pacheco's. 

The  Major  and  I  had  been  over  to  Antioch, 
and  on  our  return  accepted  the  Don's  invitation 
to  turn  aside  at  his  rancho  and  witness  the  sport 
of  a  Spanish  gala  day.  Casa  Pacheco  was  one  of  those  big 
delightful  old  houses  of  the  early  Californians,  standing  on 
rising  ground  in  the  center  of  his  domain,  where  fine  oaks 
dotted  the  rancho  as  far  as  the  eye  could  see.  But  no  house 
of  old  Spaniard  or  newer  Gringo  was  ever  big  enough  to  ac- 
commodate the  crowd  we  found  there  that  day  in  July.  Men 
and  women  were  thick  as  bees  swarming  about  the  place  in 
the  honey-sweet  air.  Tall,  handsome  caballeros,  and  pretty, 
plump  sefioritas,  nifios  that  were  as  happy  and  healthy  as  only 
children  can  be  who  breathe  the  salt  air  that  comes  in  from 
Pacific  seas ;  old  men  and  women  with  the  fire  of  life  still  shin- 
ing in  their  bead-bright  eyes,  though  their  skin  was  withered 
and  flesh  shrunken  ;  young  men  and  girls,  laughing  and  gay, 
and  in  love.  These  and  the  Indians — scores  upon  scores  of 
them — and  the   horses  (such  as    you  never  see  now  on  the 


I02  LAND    OF  SUNSHINE. 

rancho),  these,  I  say,  made  up  a  mass  of  moving,  glowing  life 
that  day  at  Pacheco's. 

In  the  corral  were  two  or  three  hundred  head  of  wild  cattle  ; 
steers,  stags,  and  old  bulls.  Hot— untamed — restless — they 
surged  back  and  forth  in  their  narrow  confines,  while  a  per- 
petual cloud  of  light  dust  hung  over  them  in  the  heat  of  the 
summer  sun. 

There  was  movement,  excitement,  life  everywhere !  The 
attitude  of  your  race-track  habitu6s  here  today  would  be  called 
apathetic  in  comparison  with  what  those  flesh  and  blood  beings 
— the  old  Spaniards — showed  and  felt.  Ah,  my  boy,  you 
missed  a  good  deal  not  being  born  at  least  a  quarter  of  a  cen- 
tury earlier  !  And  I  would  have  missed  it  all  too,  had  I  not 
sailed  in  through  the  Golden  Gate  in  the  'Fifties. 

Well,  the  crowd  at  Pacheco's  had  flocked  in  at  his  bidding 
from  the  country  for  leagues  and  leagues  around.  From 
Ciprian's,  and  Moraga's,  and  Briones',  and  from  San  Ramon, 
and  Alamo  and  Castro  Valley.  From  lyivermore  they  came, 
and  Romero  Valley  too,  and  Martinez  ;  from  everywhere  the 
people  poured  in  that  day  to  Pacheco's. 

Every  vaquero  rode  a  good  horse.  Why,  men  like  Jos6 
Moraga  and  Martinez  wouldn't  have  taken  a  hundred  and 
fifty  dollars  a  head  for  any  one  of  their  saddle  horses,  and  they 
numbered  them  by  the  hundreds  !  You  never  saw  such  horses, 
my  boy,  as  we  used  to  have  in  California  in  the  old  days. 
Great,  big,  fine  animals,  every  one  of  them  a  picture.  Made 
of  muscle  and  bone,  and,  more  than  all,  mettle.  Those  were 
the  kind  of  horses  they  rode  in  the  days  when  to  be  a  Spaniard 
was  to  be  a  first-class  vaquero.  There  were  no  "cowboys" 
then ;  the  word  hadn't  been  invented.  Why,  sir,  the  horses 
these  fellows  use  now  would  fall  down  under  the  weight  of  the 
old  Spanish  saddles — the  kind  we  used  to  have  in  the  'Fifties. 
They  were  embroidered  with  silver  and  gold  threads  ;  made 
heavy  with  such  embroidery,  and  worked  with  silks  in  beauti- 
ful colors.  The  tapaderos  almost  touching  the  ground  ;  and 
the  saddles  made  with  great  "macheers"  that  half  covered  a 
horse.  All  heavily  mounted  with  silver.  Conchas  on  the 
spurs  that  were  big  as  saucers,  and  silver  chains  jangling  from 
the  bit  to  make  silvery  music. 

A  horse  in  those  days  seemed  to  possess  more  intelligence 
than  your  horses  of  the  present  day  do,  and  when  he  got  fitted 
out  with  the  fixings  the  old  Spaniards  used  to  put  on,  why,  by 
George,  sir,  he  carried  himself  like  a  king  ! 

Every  one  used  to  ride  in  those  days,  just  as  no  one  rides 
now.  What's  that?  Youf  You  ridef  Nonsense!  What 
do  you  know  about  riding,  when  the  most  that  you  ever  do  is 
to  throw  your  leg  over  some  pretty,  prancing  saddler  for  a 
canter  out  through  the  park  and  the  presidio,  or  along  the  beach 


ONE   DAY   AT  PACHECO'S.  103 

in  the  sunshine  of  a  Sunday  afternoon  ?  Get  on  a  horse,  a 
horse,  sir,  and  ride  in  a  storm,  or  at  night,  as  we  old  chaps 
used  to  do,  time  and  time  again,  forty  years  ago,  and  you'll 
wake  up  to  some  new  sensations. 

I  can  remember  riding  at  night  with  the  wind  shrieking  in 
my  ears,  and  the  slap  of  sleet  in  my  face  as  I  rode  neck  and 
neck  with  the  storm.  Forked  lightning  flashing  in  my  ej^es, 
and  a  flying  road  under  my  feet.  Fording  a  river,  finding  my 
way  through  a  caiion,  climbing  a  hill,  then  descending  into  a 
gully — on,  and  on  in  the  night ;  riding,  riding,  riding  !  Wet 
to  the  skin,  but  aglow  with  excitement  and  the  electric  current 
that  made  myself  and  my  horse  a  part  of  the  storm  with  the 
elements  !  Ah,  but  it  makes  a  man  young  again  only  to  think 
of  it! 

But  you  fellows  who  go  for  a  gallop  over  a  macadamized 
road  on  days  when  it  is  sunny  and  pleasant,  and  then  come 
home  and  tell  what  you  know  about  riding,  you Oh, ! 

About  that  day  at  Pacheco's  ?  Why,  that's  what  I'm  telling 
you.  The  fellows  there  who  were  to  ride  (and  there  must  have 
been  a  couple  of  hundred  of  them),  had  their  horses  trimmed 
up  so  that  it  was  worth  a  day's  journey  just  to  look  at  them 
where  they  were  standing,  to  say  nothing  of  what  it  was 
when  they  were  responding  to  the  touch  of  hand  and  heel. 
That  was  as  fine  a  sight  as  you  could  imagine,  and  such  as 
you  never  have  seen. 

The  riders  who  were  to  take  part  in  the  contest,  where 
each  would  try  to  excel  in  the  display  of  fine  horsemanship, 
sat  in  their  saddles  forming  two  lines  on  either  side  of  the 
opening  of  the  corral.  I^ean,  lithe  fellows  they  were,  wearing 
their  clothes  as  only  a  Spaniard  can  wear  them.  Girt  round 
the  waist  with  silk  sashes  ;  most  of  them  a  vivid  crimson,  but 
sometimes  wearing  blue  ones.  And  every  face  was  shaded 
with  the  stiff,  broad-rimmed  sombrero  worn  with  a  chin  strap, 
and  tilted  on  to  the  forehead. 

The  horses  pawed  at  the  ground,  tossing  their  heads  and 
rolling  their  bits  under  their  tongues.  Quivering  with  excite- 
ment, and  twitching  with  nervous  expectancy  they  were  as 
eager  to  be  off  as  their  masters. 

Then  the  bars  are  let  down  ! 

An  old  steer — big,  broad-horned,  his  eyes  red  and  ugly,  and 
his  mouth  slavering — comes  to  the  opening  of  the  corral.  He 
stops,  motionless  he  stands,  eyeing  the  multitude  outside  for  a 
moment.  Then  he  takes  a  step  or  two  forward,  shaking  his 
head  and  lashing  his  tail.  Again  he  stops,  and,  putting  his 
nose  down,  smells  of  the  ground.  Smells  and  snorts,  afraid 
to  pass  through.  "  Hoopa  !  Hoopa  !"  The  shouts  startle 
him  into  action.  "  Hoopa  !  Hoopa  !"  There  is  a  rush  for- 
ward, and  he  is  out  into  the  open  !     It  is  a  dash  for  liberty  ; 


104  LAND   OF  SUNSHINE. 

and  he  makes  straight  away  for  the  bottom,  down  where  the 
oaks  are  the  thickest. 

Then  there  is  a  shout  from  the  people,  and  another,  and 
another  ;  and  out  of  the  crowd  of  waiting  vaqueros  two — one 
from  each  side  of  the  line — clap  spurs  into  the  flanks  of  their 
horses  and  are  off  after  the  steer,  which  is  running  with  head 
up  and  tail  stiffened  at  a  pace  which  needs  a  good  horse  to 
keep  up  with. 

But  one  of  the  men  is  gaining — more  and  more — closer  and 
closer — almost  up  to  him — only  a  length  behind — ^half  a  length 
— now  he  is  there,  close,  running  with  the  steer,  side  by  side  ! 
Then  !  Then  there  is  a  quick  movement  of  his  arm  as  he 
bends  low  from  the  saddle  and  (just  how  it  is  done  you  cannot 
see),  he  has  caught  the  animal's  tail,  and  taken  a  turn  around 
the  horn  of  the  saddle  Spurring  his  horse,  that  leaps  forward 
at  the  touch,  he  whirls  the  steer's  hind-quarters  around  as  he 
rushes  past  and,  releasing  his  hold  at  that  instant,  the  animal 
is  tripped  and  thrown  to  the  ground  where  it  rolls  over  and 
over. 

There  is  a  burst  of  cheers  from  the  hilltop  ;  wild  hurrahs 
for  the  victor. 

But  the  steer  has  bounded  to  its  feet  and  is  up  and  off  again. 
Away  go  the  pursuers  after  it.  They  have  forgotten  the 
danger,  and  only  remember  to  be  daring.  If,  at  the  moment 
of  releasing  the  turns  that  have  been  taken,  the  long  hair 
should  catch  on  the  horn  and  hold,  it  would  hurl  horse  and 
rider  down  with  the  steer. 

The  fellow  acts  quickly  ;  and  is  as  cautious  as  he  is  quick. 

The  supple  figure  leans  from  the  saddle,  there  is  a  dextrous 
turn  of  the  wrist,  and  the  steer  is  down  once  more  ;  this  time 
thrown  by  the  other  vaquero. 

Again  the  air  is  filled  with  the  cheering.  The  Major  and  I 
are  cheering  too. 

Cuidado  !  Look  out  there  !  The  steer  is  up  again,  maddened 
and  eager  to  fight.  Ready  to  make  a  quick  rush  and  gore 
man  or  beast  that  may  stand  in  his  way.  But  he  turns,  and 
is  off,  and  they  after  him  ;  and  again  he  is  thrown.  He  is 
getting  bewildered  and  exhausted  from  the  repeated  quick 
falls.  Sometimes  he  starts  up  the  hillside  instead  of  on  down 
to  the  bottoms.  He  is  dizzy  and  dazed,  scarce  knowing  which 
way  to  go.  Tired  and  panting,  with  tongue  lolling,  he  has  no 
strength  left  to  run.  So,  at  last,  they  let  him  trot  off  while 
they  turn  back  to  rest  themselves  and  their  horses,  and  then 
follow  a  fresh  one. 

But  ere  the  bridle  reins  are  drawn  across  the  necks  of  the 
blowing,  sweating  horses,  another  wild  yell  goes  up  to  the 
heavens,  and  another  steer  is  let  out,  followed  by  two  fresh 
riders.     The  two  coming  up  from  the  bottoms  swing  out — one 


EARLY   CALIFORNIA,  I05 

to  the  right,  the  other  left — to  give  a  free  sweep  to  the  others 
who  are  charging  like  a  whirlwind  after  the  steer  that  is  run- 
ning straight  for  the  lowland.  Steer  after  steer  is  turned  out- 
steers,  stags  and  old  toros.  And  each  one  is  made  to  run  a 
hard  race  for  his  freedom  again  down  in  the  oak  trees. 

There  is  yelling,  and  cheering,  and  laughter.  And  the 
vaqueros  race  down,  and  ride  back,  and  rest,  and  eat  water- 
melons. Those  who  fail  in  the  throwing  are  good  naturedly 
derided  and  jeered  at  by  those  who  sit  under  the  trees  and  eat 
watermelons,  and  smoke  cigarettes,  and  laugh  and  are  happy 
— these  children  of  a  summer  land  ! 

And  the  winners  ?  Their  reward  lies  in  dark  eyes  ;  in  soft, 
melting  glances  that  bear  to  each  victor  a  promise.  A  message 
that  goes  forth  ere  long  lashes  fall  on  cheeks  where  the  blood 
blushes  when  two  pairs  of  eyes  meet.  Each  knight  has  his 
lady  !     All  day  long  in  the  warm  summer  sunshine — 

Eh  ?  What's  that  you  are  saying  ?  '*  It's  a  go  !  They're 
off ! "  They  have  started  ?  Bless  my  vSoul,  so  they 
have  !  There  they  go  !  Ah,  it's  a  fine  thing  to  see  a  fine 
horse ;  but  the  finest  sight  in  the  world  is  to  see  such  a  horse 
on  a  dead  run  ! 

How  I  wish,  my  dear  sir,  you  could  have  seen  them — that 
day  at  Pacheco's  ! 

Humboldt,  Nev. 

'  Early  California. 

UNPUBLISHED    DOCUMENTS-THE    VICEROY'S    REPORT 
CONTINUED. 

CONTINUATION  of  the  report  of  the  Viceroy  of  Mexico,  the 
Count  of  Revilla  Gigedo,  on  the  history  of  California  from 
1768  to  1793,  follows: 

Government  of  the  Viceroy  don  Martin  de  May  ore  a. 

52.  The  events  which  I  have  related  happened  during  the  time  in 
which  the  Viceroy  don  Martin  de  Mayorca  governed  New  Spain,  aid- 
ing with  efficacious  and  prompt  measures  those  taken  by  the  Com- 
mander General  of  the  Provinces  of  the  Interior,  Chevalier  de  Croix,  in 
the  peninsula  of  the  Californias,  and  on  the  frontier  of  Sonora,  both  of 
which  provinces  are  bounded  by  the  river  called  Colorado.  {22) 

THIRD  EXPLORATION  TO  HIGHER  LATITUDES. 

53.  As  I  have  said  before,  the  Viceroy  don  Antonio  Bucareli  had  de- 
cided upon  a  third  exploration  to  be  made  up  to  latitude  70°  North,  and 
for  this  purpose  the  following  vessels  were  detailed  :  the  frigate  "Prin- 
cesa"  built  in  San  Bias,  and  '*  ha.  Favorita  "  purchased  in  Peru,  under 


(22)  The  Royal  Audiencia  governed  from  the  death  of  Bucareli  (April  q,  1779)  to  the 
arrival  of  his  successor,  the  president  of  the  Audience  of  Guatemala,  don  Martin  de 
Mayorca  (August  23,  1779).  The  messenger  who  carried  to  the  viceroy  the  news  of  his 
appointment,  an  Andalusian  by  the  name  of  F.  Vara,  rode  from  the  city  of  Mexico  to 
that  of  Guatemala,  a  distance  of  more  than  1200  miles  in  seven  days  f  Don  Martin  de 
Mayorca  governed  from  August  23,  1779,  to  April  28,  1783. 


io6  LAND   OF  SUNSHINE. 

the  orders  of  the  lieutenant  of  the  first  class,  don  Ignacio  Arteaga  and 
don  Juan  de  la  Bodega  Cuadra,  who  had  just  been  promoted  to  the  same 
rank. 

54.  These  vessels  sailed  from  San  Bias  on  February  11,  1779,  and 
stood  in  shore  on  May  18  to  the  Bucareli  archipelago  in  55°  17^  latitude 
North,  anchoring  in  a  well  protected  and  ample  (comodo)  harbor,  to 
which  they  gave  the  name  of  Santa  Cruz.  There  they  remained  until 
June  12,  for  the  object  of  resting  from  the  hardships  of  the  voyage,  cur- 
ing their  sick,  and  for  minutely  reconnoitering  the  bays,  gulfs,  islands, 
channels,  coasts  and  immediate  ports. 

55.  Afterwards  they  sailed  up  to  61°  latitude,  taking  possession  in  60° 
13^  of  the  port  of  Santiago  on  Magdalena  island,  from  where  they  dis- 
covered at  a  distance  of  ten  leagues  (30  miles)  the  great  bay  situated  on 
the  main  land,  and  which  the  English  captain  Cook,  in  his  voyage  in 
1778,  had  named  Prince  William. 

56.  After  the  pilots,  don  Jos6  Caniza  and  don  Juan  Pantoja,  had  re- 
connoitered  the  island,  they  could  not  find  the  strait  (pass)  towards  the 
North,  which  appears  on  Russian  charts  in  about  this  locality,  and  con- 
sequently abandoning  the  course  to  the  north,  they  steered  west  and 
made  another  stop  in  the  bay,  called  by  them  Our  Lady  of  la  Regla 
and  situated  in  59°  8^  latitude. 

57.  With  the  customary  formalities  they  took  possession  of  this  port. 
Under  the  pretext  that  the  scurvy  had  broken  out  among  the  crew  of 
"  La  Princesa,"  that  '*  La  Favor ita"  had  strict  orders  to  keep  in  com- 
pany, and  that  time  was  pressing  for  their  return  to  San  Bias,  the  com- 
mander Arteaga  decided  upon  turning  back  immediately,  finishing  his 
voyage  on  Noveniber  25,  and  the  frigate  "Favorita"  on  the  21st  of  the 
same  month. 

58.  His  Majesty  was  well  pleased  with  the  information  imparted  by 
the  Viceroy,  don  Martin  de  Mayorca,  about  the  outcome  of  the  expe- 
dition and  ability  displayed  therein,  and  the  oflScers  and  pilots  of  both 
frigates  were  rethunerated  with  different  favors  and  promotions.  By  an 
order  of  May  10,  1780,  the  King  commanded  that  the  voyages  of  ex- 
plorations to  higher  latitudes  should  cease,  and  that  the  lieutenants  of 
the  first  class,  don  Juan  de  la  Bodega  and  don  Francisco  Quiros  should 
go  to  Habana  and  report  for  service  in  that  department  in  the  war  which 
had  been  declared  against  England.     (23) 

Report  of  the  Department  of  San  Bias. 

59.  Far  from  thinking  of  new  explorations,  strict  economies  began 
to  be  practiced  since  the  year  1780,  by  reducing  the  expenses  of  San 
Bias,  which  anew  was  restricted  to  its  primitive  objects  of  reconnoiter- 
ing and  succoring  the  Californias. 

60  In  consequence  of  this  new  state  of  affairs,  the  formulation  of  an- 
other set  of  rules  for  the  economic  government  was  commanded  in  re- 
peated royal  orders  issued  from  1781  to  1786.  This  is  the  only  matter 
having  any  bearing  upon  the  present  compilation  which  happened  dur- 
ing the  government  of  the  Viceroy,  don  Martin  de  Mayorca  ;  his  suc- 
cessor, don  Martin  de  Galvez;  the  governing  "Audiencia"  ;  and  the 
Very  Rev.  Archbishop.     (24) 

(23)  England  and  France  were  at  war,  and  the  EngTsh  under  the  pretext  that  ves- 
sels fiving  the  U.  S.  colors  had  been  admitted  in  Spanish  ports,  insulted  on  diflferent 
occasions  the  flag  of  Spain.  This  together  with  the  continued  insistences  of  I^ouis  XVI 
upon  the  treaty  of  Madrid  in  1761,  called  'the  family  oact",  decided  Charles  III  of  Spain 
to  declare  war  against  England  on  May  18,  1779,  which  ended  with  the  treaty  of  peace, 
made  January  20,  1783  at  Versailles. 

(24)  Don  Martias  de  Galvez,  brother  of  the  former  inspector  general  and  then  actual 
Secretary  of  the  Indies,  don  Jo«6  Galvez,  governed  from  April  28,  1783,  to  November  3, 
1784,  at  which  day  he  died  at  8  p  m.,  and  on  the  8th  of  the  same  month  was  buried  in 
the  church  of  San  Fernando  in  the  City  of  Mexico. 

The  Royal  Audience  governed  Jrom  November  3,  1784  to  Tune  17,  1785,  date  of  the  ar- 
rival of  the  new  viceroy,  don  Bernardo  de  Galvez,  son  of  the  deceased,  don  Matias 


EARLY   CALIFORNIA.  107 

Xew  Riil«s  for  San  Bias,  pr<?pared  l>y  tbc!  V^iceroy  Count 

de  Galvez. 

61.  The  necessary  preliminary  steps  were  taken  for  formulating  the 
prescribed  set  of  rules,  which  were  finished  in  I786,  reducing  the  salaries, 
pay  and  gratuities  to  the  limited  amounts  in  the  ordinances  of  the  South 
Sea.  The  Viceroy,  Count  de  Galvez,  commanded  this  "  reglamento"  to 
go  into  force  without  the  previous  assent  of  the  Royal  Treasury  Com- 
mission. 

Government  of  the  Viceroy  Don  Manuel  Antonio  Flores. 

62.  In  this  state  my  predecessor,  Don  Manuel  Antonio  Flores,  found 
the  matters  relating  to  San  Bias  and  the  Californias,  but  they  again 
changed  to  what  they  were  before,  occasioning  new  expenses,  cares  and 
attentions   (25). 

FOURTH   EXPIiORATION. 

63.  Through  the  Count  de  la  Perouse,  commander  of  the  French 
frigate  "Brujula"  and  "  Astrolabio",  information  was  obtained  that  the 
Russians  had  formed  four  establishments  on  the  American  continent, 
north  of  the  Californias  (26).  In  the  royal  order  of  January  25,  1787,  re- 
peated on  July  21st  next,  His  Majesty  commanded  that  two  vessels, 
with  the  two  best  pilots  of  San  Bias,  should  be  detailed  for  the  purpose 
of  undertaking  this  fourth  exploration. 

64  My  predecessor  did  so,  and  nece.ssity  compelled  him  to  place  the 
expedition  in  charge  of  the  brevet  ensign  of  the  first  class,  Don  Estevdn 
Jos^  Martinez,  for  the  reason  that  no  navy  ofiicers  were  in  the  depart- 
ment, which  was  reduced  to  its  quota  of  pilots,  and  therefore  the  Viceroy 
had  no  opportunity  to  choose  a  person  in  whom  he  could  place  more 
confidence. 

65.  Martinez  having  been  detailed  to  the  command  of  the  expedition 
in  the  frigate  '*  Princesa",  and  the  pilot,  Don  Gonzalo  Gabriel  Lopez 
de  Haro,  to  the  despatch  boat  (paquebot)  "San  Cdrlos",  they  were 
handed  full  instructions,  furnished  with  all  the  necessary  supplies,  and 
started  on  their  voyage  on  March  8,  1788. 

66.  Both  vessels  sailed  north  until  reaching  61°.  On  May  16  they 
stood  in  shore  toward  Port  Prince  William,  sailed  down  to  Trinidad 
Island,  and  finally  arrived  at  Onalaska.  The  ships  had  not  kept  com- 
pany, twice  they  became  separated,  joining  again  at  the  two  last  named 
localities. 

67.  They  remained  in  Onalaska  until  August  18,  and  the  commander 
Martinez  advised  the  pilot  Haro,  in  case  they  should  again  become 
separated,  to  proceed  with  the  dispatch  boat  under  his  command  to  the 
port  of  Monterey,  as  the  advanced  season  did  not  permit  reconnoitering 
the  harbor  of  Nutka. 


Don  Bernardo  de  Galvez  had  been  governor  of  Loui.siana  at  the  breaking  out  of  the 
war  with  Hngland,  Having  recognized  the  independence  of  the  American  colonies  on 
April  19, 1779,  shortly  after  he  marched  at  the  head  of  his  troops  up  the  Mississippi, 
and  after  a  siege  of  nine  days  took  Iberville  on  September  7,  and  later  on  Natchez.  On 
March  14,  1780,  Mobile  surrendered  to  him,  and  Pensacola  in  1781,  and  Galvez  took  pos- 
session of  Florida.  He  died  in  Mexico,  November  30,  1786,  at  4:20  in  the  morning,  and 
is  buried  in  San  Fernando  •  -pposite  the  grave  of  his  father. 

(25)  Don  Manuel  Antonio  Flores  governed  from  August  17,  1787,  until  October  16, 
1789. 

(26)  Captain  Behring,  who  was  sent  oiTt  in  1733  by  the  Flmpress  Ann  of  Russia,  dis- 
covered the  mainland  of  North  America  in  lat.  58°  28^  on  July  18,  1741.  Captain 
Tschirikow.  his  companion,  being  separated  from  him  in  a  storm,  sighted  the  same 
coast  in  lat.  56°  on  July  15,  1741  while  Behring  sailed  up  the  coast  di?covering  many  of 
the  islands  of  the  Aleutian  Archipelago,  some  of  which  however  he  had  seen  during 
his  previous  voyage  in  1728.  The  United  State?*  purchased  Alaska  from  Russia  on  March 
30, 1867,  and  took  formal  possession  thereof  at  half- past  three  in  the  afternoon  of 
Octobtrr  18  1867. 


io8  LAND   OF   SUNSHINE. 

68.  In  fact,  the  ships  did  part  company  on  the  same  day  on  which 
they  left  Onalaska,  and  finally  terminated  their  voyage  in  San  Bias,  the 
dispatch  boat  on  September  22  and  the  frigate  on  December  5,  1788. 

69  On  account  of  the  notorious  discord  between  these  two  command- 
ers, this  expedition  might  have  ended  disastrously  ;  but  at  least  it  verified 
the  notices  about  the  Russian  establishments,  although  differing  some- 
what from  those  contained  in  the  general  report  of  the  Count  de  la 
Perouse. 

70  According  to  the  information  acquired  by  Martinez  and  Haro, 
the  Russians  counted  twenty  years  since  establishing  themselves  on  their 
island  of  Onalaska,  which  is  the  capital  or  headquarters,  recognized  as 
such  for  military  and  political  purposes,  collection  of  the  tribute  from 
the  Indians,  commerce  and  its  consequent  advantages,  by  their  other 
small  establishments  situated  on  the  mainland,  the  adjoining  islands 
and  on  Cook  river. 

71  It  is  believed  that,  including  Onalaska,  the  mentioned  establish- 
ments do  not  exceed  six,  with  a  population  of  about  five  hundred 
Russians,  whose  settlements,  on  account  of  the  trade  with  the  Indians 
along  the  extensive  coasts  of  the  continent,  are  scattered  from  the 
harbor  of  Nutka  in  49""  36^  to  Port  Prince  William  in  latitude  61°  north. 
They  are  also  masters  of  the  islands  extending  from  that  of  Onalaska  in 
61°  to  Montagu  Island  in  54°. 

72  Saicof  Potasf  Cosmichi,  who  was  the  chief  or  commander  of 
said  establishment,  assured  our  oflS.cers  that  the  Knglish  captain,  Cook, 
had  not  made  an  exact  reconnoisance  of  the  river  bearing  his  name, 
and,  that  after  the  expedition  effected  by  the  Russians,  Behring  and 
Tschirikow  in  the  year  1741  in  55°  latitude  north,  no  subject  whatso- 
ever of  that  power  had  passed  to  the  east  of  Cape  Saint  Elias.  He  also 
stated  that  they  awaited  two  frigates  from  Kamts-Kaska  for  the  purpose 
of  settling  Nutka,  and  to  impede  the  trade  and  settlement  of  the  En- 
glish who  claim  it  by  right  of  the  discovery  made  by  Captain  Cook,  as 
he,  the  commander,  had  been  informed  by  an  Englishman,  Grec,  cap- 
tain of  a  vessel,  which,  on  its  return  with  a  cargo  of  furs  from  Nutka 
to  Canton,  had  stopped  at  Onalaska. 

73  This,  and  different  other  information  of  small  importance  is 
contained  in  the  reports  and  diaries  of  don  Estevan  Jos4  Martinez  and 
the  pilot  Haro.  These  two  officers  in  the  course  of  their  explorations 
took  possession  as  customary  of  the  following  localities  ;  Two  on  the 
western  shore  of  the  island  of  Montagu,  one  of  them  opposite  Prince 
William  strait,  of  a  bay  they  named  Flores  (in  honor  of  the  viceroy)  in 
59°  49^;  of  Trinidad  Island  in  60°  7^;  of  Kodiac  Island,  to  which  they 
gave  the  name  of  Florida  Blanca,  in  56°  44^;  of  the  eastern  extremity  of 
the  Onalaska  Island  in  the  same  latitude  ;  and  of  a  port  situated  on  the 
said  island  in  53^  which  they  called  Port  of  the  Princess  of  Asturias.  (27  j 

Occupation  of  the  Port  of  Xutka. 

74.  My  predecessor,  don  Antonio  Flores,  reported  upon  all  these 
matters  in  the  letters  of  November  4  and  December  23,  numbers  672 
and  702,  accompanying  maps,  diaries  and  other  documents;  in  same  he 
expressed  his  sound  opinions,  and  ended  by  stating  the  causes  which 
compelled  him  promptly  to  occupy  Nutka.     (28) 


(27)  Humboldt  speaking  of  this  expedition  says,  that  in  the  viceroyal  archives  in  the 
City  of  Mexico  he  found  a  thick  MSS.  entitled  "  Recognoisance  of  the  four  Russian 
establishments  to  the  north  of  the  Californias,  made  in  1788,"  and  adds:  "  this  his- 
torical compendium  contains  very  little  in  reference  to  the  Russian  Colonies  in 
America,  None  of  Martinez's  people  understood  Russian  and  none  of  the  Moscovites 
Spanish  ;  their  conversation,  if  so  it  may  be  called,  was  carried  on  by  signs." 

(28)  The  port  of  Santa  Cruz  de  Nootka,  Noutka,  Nutka,  called  San  I,orenzo  by  its 
discoverer  Perez,  and  King  George's  Sound  or  rather  Friendly  Cove  by  Cook,  was 
known  to  the  natives  under  the  name  of  Yucuatl.  The  origin  of  the  word  Nutka  is 
unknown,  as  the  language  of  the  Indians  has  only  one  word  resembling  it :    "Nouchi" 


EARLY   CALIFORNIA.  109 

75.  Therein,  as  also  in  former  and  later  communications,  he  pre- 
sented just  and  founded  reasons  for  placing  at  the  head  of  the  depart- 
ment of  San  Bias  a  captain  of  the  second  class  (capitan  de  fragata)  who 
should  command  and  govern  it  assisted  by  some  other  officers  of  the 
royal  navy,  good  pilots,  surgeons,  chaplains  and  other  necessary  per- 
sons, to  whom  competent  salaries  should  be  assigned.  He  also  recom- 
mended an  increase  of  vessels  and  that  the  required  artillery  should  be 
brought  from  Peru  ;  all  this  in  case,  as  seemed  necessary,  that  the  ex- 
plorations or  voyages  to  higher  latitudes  should  be  continued. 

76.  The  occupation  of  Nutka  was  undertaken  immediately  and  con- 
fided to  the  commander  of  the  fourth  exploration,  don  Estevan  Jose 
Martinez,  because  there  was  no  one  in  San  Bias  to  relieve  him,  nor  any 
other  vessels  ready  than  the  frigate  "Princesa"  and  the  dispatch  boat 
"SanCdrlos." 

77.  Therefore,  these  two  ships  left  in  charge  of  Martinez  Gonzalo 
and  the  pilot,  don  Gabriel  Lopez  de  Haro,  on  February  19,  1789.  The 
frigate  entered  Nutka  on  May  5th  and  the  dispatch  boat  on  the  12th  of 
the  same  month. 

78.  Although  they  found  within  the  harbor,  the  frigate  "Columbia" 
and  the  bilander  (balandra)  *'  Washington  "  belonging  to  the  American 
colonies,  and  a  Portuguese  dispatch  bort  "LaEfigenia  nuviana,"  sol- 
emn possession  was  taken  and  the  post  fortified  with  a  battery  of  ten 
guns,  which  was  established  at  its  mouth  or  entrance. 

,  79.  Martinez  inspected  the  passports  of  the  American  vessels  and 
finding  no  just  motives  which  might  compel  him  to  detain  the  ships,  he 
notified  their  captains,  that  they  should  not  return  to  the  seas  and  coasts 
of  the  Spanish  dominions,  without  the  permit  of  our  sovereign. 

Seizure  of  £ng:lish  Vessels. 

80.  The  same  he  intended  to  do  with  the  dispatch  boat,  *  *La  Efigenia, ' ' 
which  sailed  under  the  Portuguese  flag,  with  a  passport  of  the  governor 
of  Macao,  and  with  instructions,  written  in  Portuguese,  from  Juan  Cara- 
ballo  as  owner  of  the  vessel ;  but  as  it  seemed  to  Martinez  that  these 
documents  were  not  in  good  form,  and  that  they  contained  hard  (duras) 
and  insulting  phrases,  he  made  the  captain  a  prisoner. 

81.  Afterwards  Martinez  became  aware  of  the  difficulties  of  trans- 
ferring his  prisoner  to  San  Bias,  for  he  could  spare  none  of  his  people, 
as  he  required  all  for  the  defense  of  the  establishment  at  Nutka.  There- 
fore he  permitted  the  dispatch  boat  to  return  to  Nutka,  stipulating  first 
with  its  captain  and  master,  who  signed  the  corresponding  obliga- 
tion, to  pay  the  value  of  his  small  vessel  and  insignificant  cargo  when- 
ever it  should  be  claimed  as  a  fair  price. 

82.  Finally,  the  dispatch  boat  "Efigenia"  was  far  from  experiencing 
any  damages,  its  officers  and  crew  provided  themselves  with  fresh  pro- 
visions of  which  they  were  greatly  in  need,  and  sailed  away  in  liberty, 
having  been  generously  helped  with  everything  they  required. 

83.  The  same  did  not  happen  with  the  English  vessels  :  the  dispatch 
boat  "Argonauta"  and  the  bilander  "Princess  Royal."  They,  like  "La 
Efigenia,"  had  come  under  the  command  of  James  Colnet  to  take  pos- 
session of  Nutka  to  fortify  it  and  establish  a  trading  post  (factoria)  and 
settlement,  bringing  for  this  purpose  everything  necessary,  and  twenty- 
nine  "sangleyes"  [the  name  of  "sangley"  was  given  to  those  Chinese 
who  went  to  the  Philippine  Islands  for  the  purpose  of  trading],  skilled 
in  different  mechanical  arts. 

84.  Colnet  intended  to  begin  work  at  once  on  those  establishments, 
claiming  that  he  derived  his  right  from  the  supposed  reason  that  said 


which  siguihes  mountain.  The  port  is  situated  on  the  eastern  coast  of  an  island, 
having  length  of  20  nautical  miles,  and  is  separated  by  the  Tasis  Chant  el  from  Cuadra 
and  Vancouver  islands. 


no  LAND   OF  SUNSHINE. 

country  had  been  discovered  by  Captain  Cook  ;  and  still  further  be- 
cause the  Portuguese  had  ceded  to  the  Free;Trade  Company  of  London 
(compatiia  del  comercio  libre  de  Londres),  (29)  the  right  of  first  discov- 
ery, insisting  that  same  had  been  made  by  the  admiral  Fonte  (30);  but 
the  commander  of  our  expedition  demonstrated  to  the  English  com- 
mander how  erroneous  and  unfounded  his  ideas  were. 

85.  Colnet,  pertinaciously  adhering  to  the  J^ame,  refused  fo  show  the 
patents  which  authorized  him,  and  the  instructions  by  which  he  was 
governed,  giving  always  very  proudly  his  explanations,  but  consider- 
ing that  he  could  not  sustain  the  position  taken  by  him,  he  decided  to 
leave  Nutka  and  sail  away. 

86.  For  this  purpose  he  asked  for  a  boat  to  help  him  raise  anchor  ; 
and  then  Martinez  fearing  that  the  English  captain  might  occupy  some 
other  port  on  the  coast  from  where  it  might  be  difficult  to  dislodge 
him,  again  asked  for  his  passport,  patent  and  instructions. 

87.  Colnet  continued  in  his  stubborn  resistance,  making  matters 
worse  by  his  insulting  language  and  actions.  Therefore,  the  small 
stock  of  Martinez's  patience  being  exhausted,  he  detained  the  dispatch 
boat  "Argonaut"  as  also  the  bilander  ' 'Princess  Royal"  and  Immediately 
sent  both  vessels,  with  pilots  and  crews  of  his  own,  to  San  Bias.     (31 ) 

Arrival  of  the  English    vcsse's   at   San  Bias,  and  meas- 
ures taken  by  the  Viceroy. 

88.  The  dispatch  boat  left  Nutka  July  14,  and  the  bilander  July  27. 
The  first  arrived  in  San  Bias  August  15,  and  the  second  August  27. 
Having  been  informed  of  these  events,  the  viceroy,  don  Manuel  An- 
tonio FJores,  decided  that  the  cargo  of  both  vessels  should  be  discharged 
in  the  presence  and  with  the  intervention  of  their  captains,  James  Col- 
net and  Thomas  Hudson  ;  that  both  should  sign  the  formal  inventories, 
and  that  the  corresponding  authorized  copies  thereof  should  be  delivered 
unto  them  for  their  security  and  guaranty  at  all  times,  whether  the  ves- 
sels should  be  declared  legitimate  prizes  or  not. 

89.  He  also  ordered  that  those  goods  and  provisions  liable  to  be 
spoiled,  damaged  or  lost  should  be  sold  for  their  just  price,  and  the  re- 
mainder deposited  separately  and  safely  in  the  royal  storehouses. 

90.  Furthermore,  he  commanded  that  after  the  dispatch  boat  and  bi- 
lander had  been  unloaded,  they  should,  pending  an  estimate  of  the 
costs,  undergo  the  necessary  careening ;  that  a  strict  account,  accom- 
panied by  vouchers,  should  be  kept;  and  that  all  this  should  be  done 
with  the  acquiescence,  intervention  and  knowledge  of  said  English 
captains. 

91.  Finally  he  ordered  and  insisted  thereon  specially,  that  the  cap- 
tains and  their  crews  should  be  left  in  a  "discreet"  liberty;  that  they 
should  be  well  treated  and  lodged  ;  and  that  each  should  receive  the 
pay  or  salary  corresponding  to  his  rank  or  emolument,  in  accordance 
with  the  rules  then  governing  in  San  Bias. 


129)  Tu  17^5.1  company  was  formed  in  London  called  "King  George's  Sound  Com- 
pany" for  the  purpose  of  establishing  a  colony  at  Nutka  and  monopolizing  the  fur 
trade. 

(30)  As  fabulous  as  the  voyages  of  Lorenzo  Ferer  Maldonado  in  1588  and  Juau  Fuca 
m  1592  is  the  one  of  Fonte.  The  Admiral  Bartolom^  de  Fonte,  or  Fuentes,  was  sup- 
posed to  have  left  Callao  (Peru)  April  3,  1640  and  to  have  sailed  along  the  coast  of  New 
Spain  and  the  Californias  up  to  77°  lat.  North,  discovering  the  island  of  Conibasei, 
many  inlets  and  sounds,  the  lake  i?^//o  on  the  south  shore  of  which  was  located  the  de- 
licious town  of  Canoset,  besides  many  other  paradisiacal  localities.  The  expeditions  of 
the  XVIII  century  proved  the  absolute  falsehood  of  all  this  fable. 

(31)  This  procedure  gave  rise  to  mutual  exaggerated  recriminations,  and  as  Hum- 
boldt says  :  "A  few  huts  built  on  the  beach,  a  miserable  battery  of  swivel  guns  and  a 
few  cabbages  planted  within  a  stockade,  came  very  near  causing  a  sanguinary  war 
between  Spain  and  England." 


EARLY   CALIFORNIA.  m 

Royal  Orders  of  His  Majesty  approving  these  measures, 
and  commanding-  what  should  be  done. 

92.  These  orders  were  carried  out  with  utmost  exactness,  purity  and 
generosity.  The  sovereign  commands  of  the  King,  issued  April  14, 
1789,  and  January  26,  approved,  with  the  concurrence  of  the  Supreme 
Commission  of  State,  the  steps  taken  by  my  predecessor,  don  Manuel 
Antonio  Flores,  for  the  purpose  of  exploring  the  Russian  establish- 
ments and  occupying  the  port  of  Nutka,  as  also  everything  in  relation 
to  the  English  vessels  detained  in  that  port  by  don  Estevan  Jose  Mart- 
inez and  transferred  to  the  harbor  of  San  Bias. 

93.  The  first  royal  order  empowered  the  Viceroy  to  make  the  expendi- 
tures required  by  these  matters  without  the  necessity  of  providing  for 
same  in  a  meeting  of  the  Superior  Treasury  Commission,  and  to  proceed 
at  his  discretion  with  the  due  caution  to  which  my  predecessor  had  re- 
ferred in  his  letter,  number  745,  of  January  12,  1789. 

94.  The  same  royal  order  contained  the  notification  that  the  captain 
of  the  first-class,  don  Juan  Francisco  de  la  Bodega  y  Cuadra  had  been 
appointed  commander  of  the  department  of  San  Bias  and  of  his 
proximate  arrival  at  these  kingdoms  with  six  other  officers  of  the  royal 
navy  and  four  surgeons ;  that  it  had  been  decided  to  build  the  neces- 
sary vessels  in  Realejo ;  that  orders  had  been  issued  for  forwarding  a 
sufficient  number  of  guns  from  Peru  ;  Jand,  finally,  this  order  contained 
the  complaint  (reconvencion)  which  His  Majesty  had  lodged  with  Rus- 
sia, stating  therein  in  general  terms  that  the  subjects  of  that  power 
should  not  found  establishments  on  our  northern  coasts  of  the  Califor- 
nias. 

95.  The  second  royal  order,  of  January  26,  1790,  referred  exclusively 
to  the  matter  of  the  restitution  of  the  English  vessels  ;  commanded  the 
maintenance  of  the  port  of  Nutka,  the  arrangement  of  the  department 
of  San  Bias,  and  informed  about  the  complaints  laid  before  the  Court  of 
St.  James  by  our  ambassador,  the  Marquis  del  Campo. 

Government  of  the  Present  Viceroy,  the  Count  of 
Kevilla  Gigedo. 

96.  After  I  had  taken  possession,  on  October  18-  1789,  of  the  com- 
mand of  these  dominions,  I  received  and  informed  myself  of  all  the 
sovereign  decisions  of  His  Majesty  ;  and  so  as  to  be  able  to  comply  fully 
with  them,  I  applied  myself  to  those  matters  requiring  prompt  atten- 
tion. 

Steps  Taken  by  Him  to  Occupy  Again  the  Port  of 
Nutka  which  had  been  Abandoned. 

97.  The  most  important  point  was  to  secure  our  establishment  at  Nutka, 
and  as  I  was  aware  that  don  Estevdn  Jos6  Martinez  had  peremptory 
orders  from  my  predecessor  to  abandon  the  port  and  return  to  San  Bias, 
I  provided  for  the  immediate  fitting  out  of  three  vessels  to  relieve  those 
in  charge  of  Martinez  ;  but  this  officer  returned  ahead  of  time,  anchor- 
ing in  San  Bias  on  the  following  6th  of  December.     (32) 

98.  In  my  letter.  No.  194,  of  December  27,  I  communicated  this 
bad  news,  and  enclosed  the  captain's  diary,  which  contained  nothing 
new  or  of  special  interest.  In  another  letter  of  mine,  No.  195,  under 
the  same  date,  I  reported  upon  the  executive  action  taken  by  me  for  the 
purpose  of  occupymg  again  promptly  the  abandoned  port  of  Nutka. 


32.    Martinez  having  dismantled  the  fortifications  and  made  a  present  of  the  build- 
ings to  Macuina  tays  or  chief  of  the  Indians,  left  Nutka  Oct.  31.    Before  retiring  from 
that  port,  he  had  reported  to  the  viceroy,  that  the  pilot  Narvaez  had  again  discovered 
the  straits  of  Fuca,  the  existence  whereof  had  until  then  been  denied  by  the  navigators 
those  coasts. 


112  LAND    OF  SUNSHINE. 

Sailing-  of  the   Expedition  by  Order  of  Revilla  Gigrcdo. 

99.  In  fact  on  the  3d  day  of  February,  1790,  the  frigate  "Concepcion", 
the  dispatch  boat  "San  Carlos"  and  the  bilander  "Princesa  Real"  sailed 
from  San  Bias,  under  the  command  of  the  lieutenant  of  the  first-class 
(teniente  de  navio),  don  Francisco  Eliza,  and  arrived  at  their  destina- 
tion April  4  following.     (33.) 

1 00.  These  three  vessels,  well  manned,  and  reinforced  with  the  first 
company  of  volunteers,  left  provided  with  artillery,  arms,  ammunition, 
war  material,  medicines  and  provisions  for  one  year. 

101.  The  commander,  Eliza,  carried  with  him  the  corresponding^  in- 
structions for  fortifying  the  port,  and  for  constructing  unpiretentious 
buildings  required  for  storehouses,  quarters  and  arsenal. 

102.  He  was  ordered  to  procure  the  friendship  of  the  Indians  by 
treating  them  with  discretion,  love  and  prudence  ;  to  defend  our  estab- 
lishments against  the  aggressions  of  these  natives  or  the  vassals  of  what- 
soever foreign  power  ;  not  to  insist  on  registering  too  scrupulously  for- 
eign vessels,  neither  to  annoy  nor  make  them  prisoners  ;  also  not  to  in- 
sist upon  disloging  (without  previous  and  peremptory  orders  of  His 
Majesty)  the  Russians  from  their  existing  establishments,  and  finally, 
his  special  attention  was  called  to  detailing,  at  the  proper  time,  the  ves- 
sels of  his  expedition  for  minutely  reconnoitering  the  coasts,  islands  and 
harbors  up  to  60°  latitude,  as  also  Cook  river  and  Juan  de  Fuca  straits. 

103.  In  accordance  with  these  orders,  the  port  of  Nutka  was  fortified; 
a  suitable  town,  as  comfortable  and  pleasant  as  possible,  was  built ;  the 
good  will  of  the  Indians  was  obtained  through  the  medium  of  trade  and 
barter,  and  by  a  few  small  presents  ;  and  the  explorations,  as  I  will  re- 
late in  its  proper  place,  were  also  carried  out. 

104.  Although  several  English  and  American  vessels  frequented  the 
immediate  coasts  and  harbors,  some  entering  Nutka,  nothing  happened 
which  might  have  occasioned  troubles  or  difficulties,  and  the  foreign 
ships  always  respected  our  new  establishment,  which  was  kept  supplied 
with  everything  necessary  by  the  other  vessels  from  San  Bias,  which  at 
the  same  time  carried  the  required  funds,  merchandise  and  provisions 
to  the  "presidios"  and  missions  of  the  Californias. 

Ifew  Rules  for  San  Bias. 

105.  Not  less  urgent  was  the  matter  of  reorganizing  the  department 
of  San  Bias  ;  first  because  such  were  the  King's  commands,  and  second 
because  nothing  useful  could  be  accomplished  with  any  degree  of  suc- 
cess, unless  the  department  was  placed  on  a  footing  enabling  it  to  ren- 
der efficacious  service,  and  therefore  I  issued  my  first  orders  for  this 
object. 

106.  Its  commander,  the  captain  of  the  first-class,  don  Juan  Fran- 
cisco de  la  Bodega,  and  the  six  officers  of  the  royal  navy,  appointed  by 
His  Majesty,  had  already  taken  charge  of  their  offices.  In  Vera  Cruz,  the 
required  number  of  officers,  soldiers  and  sailors,  who  enlisted  volun- 
tarily, had  been  gathered,  and  they  were  now  on  the  road  to  the  depots 
(depositos).  In  Guadalajara  all  necessary  preparations  were  made  for 
transferring  the  first  company  of  volunteers  to  man  the  vessels,  de- 
tailed for  the  occupation  of  Nutka.  Now  it  was  necessary  to  assign  to 
all  the  salaries,  pay,  rations  and  reward  which  they  should  enjoy. 

107.  The  quota  specified  in  the  rules,  made  for  the  sole  object  of 
carrying  the  necessary  funds  and  supplies  to  the  Californias,  and  which 
the  Viceroy,  Count  de  Galves,  had  ordered  to  be  enforced,  were  now  in- 
adequate. It  became  indispensable  and  just  to  augment  these  quotas 
owing  to  the  rank  of  the  officers,  the  increase  of  their  work  and  ex- 
penses in  a  dear  and  unhealthy  country. 

33.    The  other  two  officers  in  command  were,  don  Salvador  Fidalgc  of  the  "San 
Carlos"  and  don  Manuel  Quimperof  the  "Princesa  Real." 

[to  b^  continued.] 


IN  THE 

LION'S  DEN 


Under  a  despotism,  it  is  treason  to  think, 
treason  is  not  to  think. 


Under  a  •republic  the  worst 


To  some  people  patriotism  means  love  of  country.  To  some  it  means 
blind  obedience  to  the  politicians. 

The  National  Educational  Association  is  welcome  to  California.  Here 
is  a  country  in  which  even  the  most  hardened  teacher  should  be  able  to 
learn  something. 

A  good  many  well-meaning  citizens  make  the  mistake  of      lest 
thinking  that  the  government  of  this  country  is  the  politi-  we 

cians  —  a  blunder  which  the  politicians  do  their  best  to  en-  forget. 

courage.  If  everyone  would  remember  the  fact  that  in  the  United 
States  we  are  the  government,  there  would  be  no  more  of  this  curdled 
imbecility  of  its  being  "  treason  "  for  the  people  to  dare  meddle  with 
the  Office  Holders. 


Doubtless  it  is  unavailing  to  talk  of  skies  to  them  that  never 
saw  any,  or  (  what  is  much  the  same  thing)  to  describe  the 
California  heavens  to  such  as  know  only  the  second-hand  tin 
firmament  of  the  humid  East.  But  it  is  just  as  well  to  jog  those  be- 
nighted souls  now  and  then,  lest  they  forget  how  they  have  swindled 
themselves.  For  the  •*  Far  West"  (how  quaint  that  timid  provincialism 
sounds,  now,  to  us  who  have  graduated  from  the  Remoteness  \)  is  the  Land 
of  the  Sky.  Not  the  malarial  Middle  West,  girthed  by  the  quinine  belt. 
But  from  where  the  lands  of  Uncle  Sam  begin  to  slope  toward  heaven 
(not  in  scattered  warts  of  peaks  but  in  continental  uplift)  ;  from  where 
earth  and  air  alike  begin  to  wring  out  their  muddy  garments  and  put  on 
the  dry,  sweet  robes  of  altitude  —  from  there  on  to  where  they  stoop  at 
last  to  meet  an  unreeking  sea,  and  linger  there,  undrenched  and  unde- 
filed  and  dry,  why  that  is  the  sky  country. 

We  cannot  wholly  expect  the  Far  East,  cuddled  ungiiessingly  under 
its  junkshop  welkin,  to  study  the  reasons  of  this  our  advantage.  It  can 
be  learned  in  science  why  a  sky  sweating  over  the  wash-boiler  of  the  Gulf- 
Stream,  water-logged  and  smoke-logged,  pricked  with  some  sample 
stars  and  haunted  by  a  sun  to  which  it  acts  as  burning-glass  —  why  such 
a  sky  is  different  from  a  clean  dry  one  ;  but  study  is  work.  There  are 
doubtless  some  Easterners  who  have  made  the  empiric  discovery  that 
the  kitchen  on  clothes-boiling  day  is  not  so  amiable  as  a  dry-heated 
room.  But  it  is  also  an  effort  to  carry  this  logic  along  to  a  bigger  case. 
So  the  simplest  way  is  to  come  and  see. 

The  arid  skies  are  the  skies  to  live  under — for  many  and  all  reasons. 
They  are  more  inspiring,  more  uplifting,  more  sane,  more  healthful. 
They  are  the  heart  of  a  climate  as  much  nobler  and  tenderer  than  that 
of  the  humid  skies  as  an  angel  is  above  a  sandbagger.  They  fill  our 
eyes  with  glory  and  our  lungs  with  power.  They  mature  flowers  beyond 
the  wildest  delirium  of  the  East,  and  turn  the  multiplication-table  loose 
among  the  stars.  They  double  the  reach  of  the  eye  and  give  it  ten  times 
as  much  that  is  worth  seeing.     They  kindle  to  the  rising  and  the  setting 


THE  LAND 

OF  THE 


SKY 


114  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

suu  ;  and  between  times  bask  in  his  ray  tempered  by  its  very  directness — 
for  there  is  no  focusing  glass  in  the  air.  They  are  no  "canopy,"  but  a 
sapphire  space  that  one  can  call  "The  Heavens"  without  conscientious 
scruples. 

Under  such  stellar  spaces  we  all  ought  to  be  saints.  And  doubtless  we 
would  be  —  but  alas!  California  cannot  digest  the  men  of  humid  skies 
quite  so  fast  as  she  has  to  swallow  them. 

HYPHENS  A  great  deal  of  neurotic  nonsense  is  being  printed  in  abuse  of 

AND  "  German  Americans"  and  other  "hyphenated  citizens."  Now 

HYSTERICS,  a  hyphen  is  of  just  about  the  right  calibre  to  scare  a  peanut 
mind.  "German-American"  is  simply  a  handy  way  of  saying  "  An 
American  of  German  origin."  The  newspapers  made  the  term,  and 
are  mostly  responsible  for  its  abuse.  It  has  been  abused  —  but  it  was 
nevermore  insolent  or  more  un-American  a  phrase  than  our  usual"  Anglo- 
Saxon  "  which,  as  used,  would  indicate  that  all  Americans  who  amount 
to  a  whoop  derive  from  England,  and  that  no  one  else  has  any  business 
here.  Only  a  clotted  mind  would  wish  any  American  to  be  ashamed  of 
his  birthplace  or  deny  his  mother.  Every  true  American  prefers  this 
country  to  all  others,  no  matter  where  he  was  born.  A  man  shall  leave 
his  father  and  his  mother  and  cleave  unto  his  wife.  But  it  does  not 
follow  that  he  shall  spit  upon  his  mother  or  let  any  vagabond  do  so. 
No  bad  son  was  ever  yet  a  good  husband. 

A  LARGE  The  University  of  California  is  in  order  of  promotion  and  con_ 

HtAD  ON  gratulation.     It  has  just  clapped  upon  its  broad  (but  long  un. 

WIDE  SHOULDFRS.  scqueled)  shoulders  a  head  as  is  a  head.  The  which  is  Ben 
jamin  Ide  Wheeler,  of  Cornell ;  not  only  a  gentleman  and  a  scholar* 
but  an  educator  of  national  repute  and  a  leader  of  men.  There  is 
reason  to  believe  that  he  will  succeed  in  giving  the  University— despite 
our  politicians — the  thing  it  most  needs  and  has  never  had  In  other 
words,  that  Berkeley  is  to  have,  as  Stanford  has,  a  first  class  modern 
college  president — which  is  a  very  different  matter  from  the  old  type. 
California  and  President  Wheeler  can  do  one  another  good.  We  need 
him  and  we  know  it.  He  may  not  know  that  he  needs  California  ;  but 
in  a  few  years  he  will  have  learned.  He  may  possibly  not  love  all  Cali- 
fornians  ;  but  when  the  State  which  shines  alike  on  the  just  and  the 
unjust  gets  into  his  blood,  he  will  have  new  ideas  about  the  redness  of 
life.  Meantime  he  has  back  of  him  a  huge  student- body  of  good  tissue, 
a  sound  corps  of  lieutenants,  and  the  warm  godspeed  of  every  fit  Cali- 
fornian. 

In  the  election  for  this  presidency  the  only  vote  for  a  "  home  man  " 
was  for  Prof.  Wm.  Carey  Jones  It  was  a  merited  tribute  to  a  quiet 
man  who  has  long  been  a  very  large  part  of  the  backbone  of  Berkeley. 

PRESIDENT  The  reason  why  we  all  love  Teddy  Roosevelt  is  that  he  is  a 

TEDDY?  man,  not  a  graphophone  cylinder.     The  reason  that  we  can  all 

respect  him  is  thf.t  he  is  unconsciously  better  than  he  wishes 
the  nation  to  be.  He  does  not  practice  what  he  preaches,  except  collect- 
ivelv.  He  wants  the  nation  to  fight — end  he  fighis  with  it  and  for  it 
like  a  Greek  demi-god.  But  &s  to  seeking  tbe  "strenuous  life"  and 
avoiding  "  base  inaction  "  for  himself  Teddy  does  not  perambulate  the 
streets  in  quest  of  a  nose  to  pull.  He  does  not  swat  people  on  the  side- 
walk nor  have  a  rough  and  tumble  in  the  club.  In  a  word,  he  is  too 
much  a  man  to  fight  as  a  personal  affair.  He  doesn't  reed  to.  Teddy's 
eye  is  enough  to  keep  the  other  fellow  ficm  wishing  a  muss. 

Well,  so  it  is  with  nations — and  Teddj'  will  know  so,  some  day. 

Meantime,  it  grows  more  inevitable  that  he  shall  be  a  f  guie  in  the 
next  presidential  campaign.  And  the  Lion  hopes  he  will  be.  Unlets 
as  good  an  American  and  a  little  older  comes  forward,  the  Lien  hoj-es 
Teddy    may  "get  there."     Not  from  admiration  for  his  war  notions; 


IN    THE   LION'S   DEN.  X15 

but  because  he  seems  the  likeliest  way  for  us  to  get  a  president  who 
knows  his  own  mind  and  has  a  mind  to  know. 

The  latest  victim  who  didn't  know  it  was  loaded  is  the  irre-       looked 
pressible  Prof.  Harry  Thurston  Peck,  editor  of  the   Bookman.  down  the 

In   the  June  Cosmopolitan  Prof.  Peck  looked  into  the  muzzle  wrong  gun. 

of  Charlotte  Perkins  Stetson's  Woman  and  Economics,  and  made  faces, 
after  the  clever  fashion  for  which  he  is  famous.  In  the  July  Cosmopoli- 
tan the  gun  went  off ;  and  it  is  a  poor  bush  in  the  surrounding  landscape 
which  does  not  sport  a  scrap  of  Prof.  Peck's  ear  or  scalp.  His  article 
was  bright,  lordly,  somewhat  brutal,  considerably  illogical  and  rather 
"cocky."  Mrs.  Stetson's  rejoinder  is  cool,  rather  contemptuous  and 
generally  crushing.  Prof.  Peck  is  not  a  sensitive  man.  He  will  not  be 
tamed  by  this  logical  flaying.  But  he  can  never  learn  too  soon  that  he 
doesn't  carry  club  enough  to  meet  the  Stetson  rapier.  Whether  or  not 
one  believes  in  *'  Woman's  Progress,"  only  the  unintellectual  can  fail 
to  find  tremendous  mental  stimulus  in  Mrs.  Stetson's  startling  insight. 

Several  officials  who  either  did  not  tell  the  truth  before  or  do      unexpected 
not  tell  it  now,  assure  us  at  last  that  Gen.  Alger  is  the  greatest,  lackeys. 

noblest  and  most  efficient  Secretary  of  War  this  country  ever 
had.  Maybe.  Maybe,  also,  confluent  idiocy  is  upon  the  nation.  The 
American  people,  regardless  of  party,  believe  that  this  man  is  neither 
honest  nor  competent.  He  was  officially  branded  as  a  coward  in  our 
big  war  of  30  years  ago.  Now  we  look  upon  him  as  worse.  But  we 
may  be  in  error.  Carlyle,  I  believe,  spoke  of  England  as  "a  nation  of 
twenty  million  people — mostly  fools."  This  may  be  a  nation  of  seventy 
million  people,  all  fools — except  the  cabinet  and  the  gentlemen  right 
under  the  plum-tree. 

Ninety  per  cent,  of  Funston's  brilliant  regiment  wish  to  be      more 
mustered    out.     Are   these   "dudes"    or    "mugwumps"    or  of  those 

"traitors?"     The  Lion  would  like  to  see  the  administration    •  "traitors." 

organ  that  dared  call  them  so.  Yet  their  choice,  though  within  soldierly 
bounds,  is  the  loudest,  sharpest  protest  against  the  war.  They  are  not 
failures  as  soldiers.  They  know  that  the  amanuensis  of  the  "  Hand  of 
God  "  wants  them  to  stay  in  the  field.  But  they  "  want  out."  Do  you 
fancy  for  an  instant  that  you  could  drag  90%  of  Funston's  boys  away, 
if  they  were  fighting  for  the  Union  ? 

For  years  the  best  brains  and  conscience  of  the  United  States      a  blow 
have  been  working  for  Civil  Service  Reform — which  means  at  good 

nothing  in  the  world  but  honest  and  business-like  government.  government. 

The  opposition  to  it  means  nothing  in  the  world  but  rascality  and  spoils. 
President  Cleveland  enormously  extended  the  Civil  Service.  President 
McKinley  was  elected  on  a  solemn  pledge  to  take  no  steps  backward  in 
the  cause  of  honest  government.  He  has  just  broken  that  pledge  by 
taking  ten  thousand  positions  away  from  the  Civil  Service  and  giving 
them  to  the  spoilsmen. 

If  any  American  administration  ever  did  a  childish  thing,      the 
it  is  this  censorship  in  the  Philippines.     In  a  little  time  now  ostrich 

our  volunteers  will  be  at  home  ;  and  then  all  this  government  game. 

concealment  of  the  truth  will  be  brought  to  naught.  The  truth  will 
become  notorious  —  for  our  volunteers  are  American  boys,  not  liars  nor 
serfs.  They  know  the  truth,  and  will  not  be  bullied  out  of  telling  it. 
And  as  Americans  are  not  fools,  they  will  be  angrier  than  if  the  truth 
had  been  told  in  the  first  place. 

Imperialist  papers  would  hardly  be  quoting  the  little  Filipino      as  we 
Tory,  Ramon   Reyes  Lala,  as  "an   authority  on   the  Philip-  might 

pines,"  if  they  had  time  to  read.     This  young  gentleman,  who  expect. 

wishes  his  country  to  lose  its  independence,  has  as  little  conscience  in 


ii6  LAND   OF  SUNSHINE. 

literature  as  patriotism  in  fact.  His  imperialistic  book  is  a  cold-blooded 
steal  from  John  Foreman.  That  is,  the  brains  and  learning  are  borrowed 
from  Foreman's  weighty  book  ;  the  toryism  is  Lala's  own. 

A  VERY  "  Freedom  of  the  Press  "  of  course  means  only  the  freedom  of  some  fellow 

g.,,Y  to  print  a    daily  newspaper  full  of  rapes,  prize-fights  and  charlatans.    It 

does  not  entitle  a  scholar  to  print  a  sober  book  or  pamphlet.    So,  news- 
THREAT.  papers  that  would  crack  the  welkin  if  warned  to  print  no  more  ravish- 

ments, are  gleeful  over  the  suppression  of  Atkinson.  Of  course  his  little  pamphlets 
are  merely  cold,  dry  statistics.  They  are  not  "  sensational,"  and  they  are  true.  What 
business  has  a  man  to  print  figures,  in  a  republic  ?  And  the  Administration  mumbles 
terrible  but  indefinite  threats  (which  it  dare  not  carry  out)  of  its  intention  to  punish 
other  "  treasonable  "  Americans  if  they  dare  print  facts.  If  the  Administration  could 
change  all  minds  as  easily  as  it  changes  its  own,  this  would  be  not  a  democracy  but  a 
sheepfold. 

THE  A  flaxseed  poultice  is  useful  on  a  boil,  but  a  poor  substitute  for  brains.    It 

ABUSE  OF  seems,  however,  to  satisfy  the  needs  of  the  people  just  now  engaged  in 

yelping  "Treason"  at  every  American  who  stops  to  think.    As  everyone 

WORDS.  knows  whose  head  is  lined  with  an5^hing  sounder  than  mush  and  milk,  the 

Constitution  of  the  United  States  precisely  defines  what  treason  is.    It  isn't  free 

thought  or  free  speech  ;  and  in  this  republic  it  never  will  be.    It  is  not  treason  even 

when  a  newspaper— with  a  pocket  for  a  conscience,  a  mustard  plaster  in  place  of  a 

brain,  and  a  party  collar  for  a  moral  code  —  blasphemes  the  memory  of  Washington 

and  Lincoln.    It  is  simply  venal  idiocy. 

People  whose  world  is  horizoned  by  their  one  provincial  paper  are  likeliest  to  think 
that  Imperialism  is  "the  American  policy."  Those  who  read  a  little  more  broadly 
know  better.  Many  of  the  ablest  newspapers  in  the  United  States  are  against  the  "ex- 
pansion "  craze  ;  and  so  are  all  the  leading  weeklies  and  monthlies.  In  fact,  if  you 
know  the  standing  of  a  periodical,  for  brains,  you  know  pretty  well  on  which  side  of 
the  fence  you  will  find  it. 

It  is  a  fat  joke  when  "an  old  Boston  crank's"  mail  is  stopped.  It  is  so  funny  that 
many  of  the  unthinking  fail  to  remember  that  the  United  States  has  never  been  used 
to  seeing  anyone's  mail  meddled  with.  Such  things  have  been  left  to  France,  Russia 
and  other  lamentable  countries  of  the  spy-system.  The  trouble  is  that  the  next  Ad- 
ministration might  happen  to  think  that  you  were  a  crank. 

As  to  "encouraging  the  Filipinos"  will  they  be  more  likely  to  desire  our  "good  gov- 
ernment" when  they  learn  that  we  have  just  flung  io,ooo  Civil  Service  pearls  before  the 
Spoils  swine  ?  President  McKinley  should  have  thought  twice.  Atkinson  never  did 
anything  half  so  likely  to  make  a  patriotic  foreigner  fight  against  being  ruled  by  us. 

You  have  noticed,  very  likely,  that  the  newspapers  which  today  account  it  High 
Treason  to  deny,  ever  so  respectfully,  the  infallibility  of  their  Pope  in  Washington  are 
the  same  newspapers  which,  when  the  United  States  had  another  president,  daily 
blackguarded  him,  and  still  pursue  him  in  private  life  with  vulgar  gibes. 

This  is  the  first  time  in  our  history  that  the  nation  has  ever  waged  war  upon  a  coun- 
try against  which  Congress  has  not  declared  war.  It  may  be  necessary  to  inform  those 
who  never  heard  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  that  Congress  is  the  only 
power  in  this  country  that  can  legally  declare  war. 

It  is  particularly  meet  that  the  country's  teachers  should  be  holding  their  annual  con- 
vention in  this  State.  As  some  of  them  are  aware,  California  taught  the  Union  fully 
half  the  geography  it  knows— and  a  still  larger  share  of  its  financial  arithmetic. 

All  initials  and  tailpieces  used  in  this  magazine  are  Californian.  A  new  and  very  at- 
tractive series,  now  beginning  in  these  pages,  is  of  California  wildflowers  ;  and  is 
drawn  by  I^eonard  I^ester,  whose  work  in  this  line  has  never  been  surpassed. 


There  are  men  in  the  United  States  who  would  not  fight  if  they  were  in  the  Filipinos 
shoes.  But  luckily  there  are  not  many.  Fvery  American  knows  that,  if  he  ever  stops 
to  think  what  he  would  do  if  ISngland  tried  to  civilize  us. 


A  Los  Angeles  court  has  just  found  a  "sport"   guilty  of  cruelty  for  chasing  jackrab- 
bits  with  greyhounds  for  an  admission  fee.    And  our  "rabbit  drives"  in  the  Philippines? 

O  Liberty!    How  many  Benevolent  Assimilations  are  committed  in  thy  name  ! 

A  man  is  known  by  the  company  he  keeps.    The  Administration  keeps  Alger. 

"Destiny"  is  the  excuse  of  cowards.    Brave  men  make  their  destiny. 

ChAS.   F.   lyUMMIS. 


117 


THAT 

WHICH  IS 
WRITTEH 


Perhaps  one  reason  why  so  many  review- 
ers of  the  day  are  so  optimistic  is  that  they 
do  not  read  through  (if  they  really  read  at  all) 
the  books  they  "  review."  It  is  hard  to  conceive  of  any 
mind  so  resilient  that  it  could  return  instantly  to  benevo- 
lence from  such  a  test.  On  the  other  hand,  these  critics  who  can  so 
easily  acquit  them  of  a  duty  probably  know  nothing  of  the  keen  com- 
fort their  more  slavish  fellow  finds  in  a  sound  book  amid  the  weary 
wilderness.  It  is  a  very  cheap  critic  who  is  afraid  to  find  fault ;  it  is  a 
very  miserable  one  who  likes  to. 

Wha — wha — what  ?    Is  things  what  they  seem,  or  is  visions      another 
about?    Here  for  years  we  have  gone  hungry  for  a  California  California 

novel  big  enough  to  make  a  mouthful  ;  and  of  a  sudden  the  novel. 

whole  table  falls  on  us,  a  comestible  avalanche.  In  thirteen  years  there 
have  not  been  as  many  California  novels  of  serious  consideration  as  al- 
ready punctuate  this  year  of  grace  and  odd  numbers — The  Procession 
of  Life^  A  Soul  in  Bronze — and  now  McTeague^  a  Story  of  San  Fran- 
cisco. Evidently  civilization  is  not  a  total  failure,  nor  the  Caucasian  ir- 
remediably played  out.  For  here  are  three  books  that  California  can  and 
will  add  to  its  slim  fiction  shelf  with  pride.  And  the  best  of  it  is,  per- 
haps, that  all  three  are  growth  in  the  unforeseen.  It  would  not  be  half 
so  promising  if  Bret  Harte  got  back  a  flash  of  his  old  fire. 

Precisely  like  Mr.  Vachell  and  Miss  DuBois,  Mr.  Frank  Norris  has 
emerged  into  open  type  before,  and  with  credit.  But  precisely  like  them, 
again,  he  bursts  upon  us  now  with  every  quality  of  a  surprise.  All  three 
have  just  turned  out  their  masterpieces — to  date.  There  could  be  no 
sounder  fulcrum  for  the  hope  that  all  three  will  astonish  us  again — and 
we  shall  not  again  be  so  easy. 

McTeague  is  a  hideous  story.  It  deals  wholly  with  humans  so  unin- 
formed of  humanity  at  their  best,  so  sodden  at  their  worst  with  the 
thing  we  flatter  ourselves  to  call  brutality  (meaning  something  so  base 
that  no  brute  but  man  ever  dreamed  of  it),  as  to  be  haunting.  In  the 
whole  450  pages  there  is  not  a  rift  in  the  sullen  horizon.  It  is  a  depress- 
ing story  to  the  humanist ;  and  as  to  California  it  is  about  as  characteris- 
tic as  any  Peter  Funk  shop  on  Kearney  street. 

But  it  is  a  story.  "McTeague,"  the  giant  quack  dentist,  "Trina" 
his  sordid  doll  of  a  wife,  "Marcus  Schouler"  the  man  whose  brains  as 
well  as  his  heart  are  in  his  mouth — they  are  genuine  characters. 
"Schouler"  doubtless  is  more  a  caricature  than  a  character ;  yet  at  times 
he  is  the  one  thing  needful.  The  ancient  lovers  are  also  a  Dickensesque 
exaggeration,  but  a  tolerable  one.  And  the  story  as  a  story  is  literally 
strong.  Above  all,  it  is  character  drawing  of  a  high  order.  A  simple 
but  consistent  plot,  a  firm  hand  in  its  development,  and  generally  ad- 
mirable restraint  in  the  tragedy— these  are  part  of  Mr.  Norris' s  endow- 
ment. Far  less  than  either  of  the  stories  ranked  with  it,  is  McTeague 
of  California.  But  quite  as  much  as  they,  it  is  a  human  document,  a  fine 
and  a  powerful  piece  of  work,  an  honor  to  its  smith  and  a  matter  of 
pride  to  those  of  us  who  love  literature,  love  California  and  respect 
honest  craft.    The  Doubleday  &  McClure  Co.,  N.  Y.    $1.50. 


ii8  LAND   OF  SUNSHNIE. 

AFTER  Charles  A.  Keeler  could  afford  to  wait  for  justice  to  his  remark- 

MANY  able  book  on    The  Evolution  of  Colors  in  North  American 

DAYS.  Birds.    At  the  time  a  veteran  closet-naturalist  named  Allen 

abused  his  authority  to  discourage  the  young  man  who  dared  to  think 
ahead  of  him.  Now  the  highest  authority  in  the  United  States  points 
out  that  the  California  stripling  knew  more  in  1 893  than  the  arm-chair 
Goliath  knew  then  or  has  learned  since.  For  it  is  Dr.  Elliott  Coues  to 
the  rescue — a  scientist  who  is  also  a  man,  and  free  from  the  mean  little 
cowardices  which  mark  too  many  library  explorers.  He  vindicates 
Keeler  and  leaves  Dr.  Allen  in  the  pillory,  after  a  fashion  to  delight 
every  lover  of  truth  and  fair  play.  The  April  Osprey  (Washington)  is 
the  scene  of  this  handsome  and  just  adjudication. 

A  BOOK  A  most  extraordinary  book,  a  book  which  will  never  be  dropped 

AMONG  out  of  the  reckoning  so  long  as  its  problem  is  a  problem,  an 

A  THOUSAND.  enduring  meteor  in  its  sky,  a  flaming  sword  which  wise  ene- 
mies will  shrink  from  (and  now  and  then  a  wise  friend  be  nicked  with- 
al), is  Charlotte  Perkins  Stetson's  Women  and  Economics.  Mrs.  Stet- 
son has  long  been  known  for  brilliancy  almost  beyond  her  kind  ;  as 
easily  the  satirist  of  her  day ;  and  as  a  strenuous  crusader  in  several 
causes  not  yet  popular.  Her  poems  are  sui  generis — and  a  mighty  good 
genus,  though  against  the  established  order,  we  may  sometimes  fear,  she 
doth  protest  too  much.  But  this  grave,  deep,  high-thinking  and  far- 
thinking  book,  Women  and  Economics^  is  a  revelation.  Those  who 
have  sometimes  wished  that  her  brilliancy  might  be  better  coordinated, 
may  dismiss  their  fears,  in  face  of  this  great  work.  The  Nation  — 
severest  and  most  expert  critic  in  America — justly  rates  it  "the  most 
significant  utterance  on  the  subject  since  Mill's  Subjection  of  Women 
reached  a  class  of  thinkers  never  before  touched  by  any  views  later  than 
those  of  Noah."  And  there  have  been  a  good  many  people  writing  about 
it,  since  John  Stuart  Mill. 

Mrs.  Stetson's  argument  is  not  unvaryingly  sound.  There  are  flaws — 
and  some  rather  funny  ones.  But  her  main  and  essential  contention  is 
as  scientific  as  it  is  high-minded.  It  is  a  book  which  will  be  egregiously 
abused  by  cheap  space-writers  and  little  sewing-circle  people ;  a  book 
which  every  serious  brain  will  value  and  respect,  whether  accepting  its 
doctrine  or  not.    Small,  Maynard  &  Co.,  Boston.    $1.50. 

FROM  With  Mrs.  Stetson's  book  should  be  read  Laura  Marholm's 

ANOTHER  studies  in  the  Psychology  of  Woman,  which  is  also  an  unusual 

VIEW-POINT.  and  brilliant  work,  and  from  an  absolutely  different  point  of 
view.  Frau  Marholm's  serious  studies,  translated  by  Georgia  A.  Etchi- 
son,  are  revised  and  edited  by  Grace  Ellery  Channing  ;  and  thus  is  the 
curious  coincidence  that  the  two  most  important  books  in  a  decade  on 
"The  Woman  Question "  come  from  members  of  the  Sunshine  staff. 
The  two  works  are  properly  mates  —  one  might  almost  say  antidotes,  for 
one  another,  the  attraction  of  unlikes.  The  German  woman  has  the 
German  brain,  the  German  evenness  ;  and  her  pages  are  not  to  be  neg- 
lected by  those  who  care  to  entertain  thought.  H.S.Stone  and  Co., 
Chicago.    $1.50. 

THE  Probably  the  handsomest,  and  certainly  one  of  the  very  best 

ISLAND  books  on  that  inexhaustibly  interesting  land,  is  Mrs.  Hugh 

EMPIRE.  ^  'Bt&sgt^b  Letters  from  fapan.  Two  sumptuous  volumes,  pro- 
fusely illustrated  in  an  unconventional  fashion,  these  are  incidentally  an 
ornament  to  any  shelf.  But  the  vital  part  is  that  their  contents  is  good 
furniture  for  any  mind.  Mrs.  Fraser  is  a  sister  of  F.  Marion  Crawford  ; 
her  literary  gift  has  been  proved  by  her  successful  novels  ;  she  knows 
her  ground  far  more  intimately  than  most,  and  writes  from  an  experi- 
ence of  as  many  years  as  some  authors  have  given  months.  As  wife  of 
the  British  Minister  to  Japan,  she  had  every  chance  to  know  the  country; 


THAT   WHICH    IS   WRITTEN.  "9 

and  above  all  she  saw  it  through  clear  eyes.  The  highest  value  of  this 
genuinely  charming  work  is  her  human  attitude  toward  the  Japanese  ; 
for  without  that  attitude,  without  the  appreciative  comprehension  which 
it  enables,  even  the  greatest  genius  has  never  yet  been  competent  to  arrive 
at  the  deepest  scientific  truth  about  any  country.  Mrs.  Fraser's  is  to  be 
commended  as  almost  a  model  among  books  of  travel.  The  Macmillan 
Co..  N.  Y.     2  vols.    $7.50.     Los  Angeles,  for  sale  by  C.  C.  Parker. 

The  industrious  J.  V.  Brower  has  published  privately,  but      coronado 
sumptuously,  two  large  monographs  on  Quivira  and  Harahey  and 

respectively,  in  identification  of  the  localities  sought  and  found  quivira. 

by  Coronado  in  1541,  at  the  end  of  his  unprecedented  exploration. 
Bandelier's  exhaustive  documentary  and  field  research,  following  out  and 
establishing  Gen.  Simpson's  early  inspiration,  and  accepted  now  by  all 
serious  scholars,  settled  the  general  lines  of  Coronado's  march,  and  even, 
within  close  limits,  its  Eastern  terminus.  Mr.  Brower  has  gone  into 
tireless  neighborhood  exploration  there,  and  in  groups  of  ancient  village 
sites  has  identified,  beyond  reasonable  doubt,  the  exact  locus  of  the 
ancient  "Kingdoms"  of  Quivira  and  Harahey.  Lavish  illustrations  of 
sites  and  of  the  artifects  found  there,  and  a  bibliographic  list  on  Quivira, 
add  much  to  the  value  of  these  volumes.  The  most  scientific — and  by 
far  the  best  written — portion  of  the  work  is  F.  W.  Hodge's  elaborate 
historical  sketch,  in  the  second  volume,  of  "Coronado's  March  to 
Quivira."  His  identification  of  the  Quiviras  as  Wichita  Indians,  and 
the  Haraheys  as  Pawnees,  dwelling  in  1541  in  the  valley  of  the  Kansas 
river,  in  the  region  about  Manhattan  and  Junction  City,  seems  complete. 
He  also  shrivels  up  F.  S.  Dellenbaugh  (whose  astonishingly  ignorant 
and  immodest  "  True  Route  of  Coronado"  was  criticised  in  these  pages 
some  months  ago)  with  something  of  that  thoroughness  with  which  he 
finished  Prof.  Libbey. 

Nine  powerful  stories,  each  a  study  as  well,  make  up  R.  V.      the 
Risley's  uncommonly  strong  book,   Men's    Tragedies.    Told  tragedy 

with  insight  and  restraint,   colored  little  with  violence,  but  "man." 

tinged  deep  in  the  greater  tragedies  that  are  played  within  the  soul, 
these  stories  take  a  strong  grip  on  the  reader.  Their  interest  is  intrin- 
sic, not  adventitious.  "The  Man  Who  Loved,"  "The  Man  Who 
Hated,"  "  The  Man  Who  Fell,"  "The  Man  Who  Sneered,"  and  all  the 
other  men  who  were  unhappy — they  are,  despite  an  occasional  over- 
morbidness,  full  of  stress  and  meaning. 

"  For  the  play  was  the  tragedy  '  Man,' 
And  its  hero  the  conqueror  Worm." 

The  Macmillan  Co.,  N.  Y.     $1.50.     Los  Angeles,  C.  C.  Parker. 

A  suflBciently  breathless  number  in  the  "  Blue  Cloth  Books"  is      love 
Ann  Devoore's  Oliver  Iverson.    It  is,  in  fine,  a  sort  of  glorified  and 

dime  novel.     But  we  all  like  the  motion  of  dime  novels  if  they  gore. 

had  some  style.  This  has  style  as  well  as  motion  ;  and  for  all  its  "  blug- 
giness"  is  a  pleasant  companion  for  an  idle  hour.  H.  S.  Stone  &  Co., 
Chicago.     75  cents. 

Still  another  strong  book  by  a  Californian.    This  time  it  is  The      human 
Taming  of  the  Jungle,  by  Dr.  C.  W.   Doyle,   of  Santa  Cruz,  stories  of 

who  recently  won  the  Argonaut's  short  story  competition — a  india. 

new  man,  but,  by  this  volume,  a  promising  one.  There  is  visible  color- 
ing of  Kipling  in  title  and  narrative  ;  but  more  of  Dr.  Doyle.  The 
author  lived  a  dozen  years  among  the  jungle-folk  of  the  Terai  as  many 
have  done  ;  and  learned  something,  as  most  did  not.  His  cumulative 
chapters — of  which  each  is  really  a  story,  wherein  Ram  Deen  grows 
taller  and  more  vital  and  steps  a  little  forward  to  his  goal — are  all  good 
reading ;  adventurous,  human,  and  with  a  great  deal  of  power  in  the 
telling.    J.  B.  Lippincott  &  Co.,  Phila. 


I20  LAND   OF  SUNSHINE. 

A  GOOD  George  Horton,  who  wrote  a  year  or  two  ago  a  quiet  and  esti' 

MAN  GONE  mable  story  of  life  in  Greece,  seems  to  have  changed  his  stand" 

GUNTERiNG,  ards,  and  not  for  the  better.  A  Fair  Brigand^  now  from  his 
hand,  is  much  more  exciting,  but  also  much  less  sound.  Mr.  Horton 
knows  his  Greece  apparently  (he  was  our  Consul  at  Athens)  ;  but  in  the 
desire  to  make  a  more  popular  book  he  has  rather  patterned  after  the 
cheap  melodrama.  His  character-drawing,  which  would  be  effective 
with  more  restraint,  is  carried  into  sheer  farce  ;  the  pedantic  professor, 
the  inflated  consul,  the  newspaper  Creelman,  all  are  carried  beyond  the 
limits  of  reasonable  judgment,  and  become  burlesque.  The  plot  is 
better  done.     H.  S.  Stone  &  Co.,  Chicago.     $1.25. 

A  STRONG  Whatsoever  reviewer  knows  his  Mexico,  picks  up  with  great  misgiving  any 

DA<5H  nF  °^^  story  of  Mexico  ;  for  he  has  learned  in  sorrow  that  not  one  in  forty  of 

them  has  the  faintest  resemblance  to  truth.  Yet  that  fascinating  country  is 
CHILE.  ready  to  furnish  forth  a  thousand  splendid  novels  whenever  our  writers 
learn  the  common  sense  or  conscience  to  get  the  straight  of  it.  Joseph  Gordon  Don- 
nelly (who  was  our  Consul  General  in  Mexico  some  years  ago)  has  prepared  a  pungent 
surprise  for  us  in  his  Jesus  JJelaney,  a  novel  as  striking  as  its  title.  The  hero  is  a 
Mexican  wHh  an  Irish  father  (his  name  of  course  is  the  Spanish  Hay-stjse),  and  a  stir- 
ing  character  he  is.  The  story  is  framed  with  the  Protestant  missionarjdng  of  Mexico 
—afield  so  suggestive  that  it  is  a  wonder  no  one  has  exploited  it  before— and  with  a  plot 
astonishingly  true  to  life  in  that  queer  world  there  runs  a  satire  which  will  penetrate 
many  skins.  The  book  has  faults,  and  is  often  willful,  but  is  eminently  readable  ;  and 
its  sharp  drawing  of  the  "Consul  I^eeches"  and  the  "Rev.  I<ambs"  is  remarkably 
truthful.    The  Macmillan  Co.,  N.  Y.    $1.50.    IvOS  Angeles,  C.  C.  Parker. 

CAMBRIDGE  Old  Cambridge  is  the  first  volume  of  a  well-planned  series  of  "National 

f^K,^  Studies  in  American  Letters,"  edited  by  Prof.  G.  E).  Woodberry.    It  will  at 

once  occur  to  the  elect  that  the  man  to  write  that  book  would  be  Thomas 
LETTERS.  Wentworth  Higginson  ;  and  he  is  the  very  one  who  has  done  it  The  Cam- 
bridge of  50  years  ago,  and  this  side,  was  one  of  the  focal  points  of  American  literature 
when  we  reall3'  began  to  have  such  a  thing.  It  was  much  more  potent  than  any  other 
town  of  its  size  in  the  country.  Of  its  associations  and  influence,  of  Holmes,  IvOng- 
fellow  and  lyO well  and  their  circle  Mr.  Higginson  has  made  not  only  an  entertaining 
but  an  illuminating  book.    The  Macmillan  Co.,  N.  Y.    $1.25. 

MORE  Fifleen  short  stories  of  the  West,  by  F.  W.  Calkins,  are  bound  up  in  an  at- 

yy£g-y£fjM  tractive  volume,  opened  and  given  name  by  "  The  Cougar  Tamer."      Rang- 

ing from  Arizona  to  Manitoba,  of  the  average  Youth's  Companion  stature  (or 
TALES.  rather  above  it),  pretty"  steep"  in  places  but  generally  well  taken  and 

told  without  affectation,  the  stories  have,  with  some  faults,  a  certain  real  westemness. 
Those  of  New  Mexico  and  Arizona  are  least  in  verisimilitude.  Mr.  Calkins  appears 
not  to  know  that  environment  except  by  reading.  The  illustration  is  not  satisfactory  ; 
and  the  frontispiece  is  worse  than  misleading — as  a  glance  at  its  corresponding  story 
shows.     H.  S.  Stone  &  Co.,  Chicago.    $1.60. 

AT  EIGHTY  The  Short-Line  IVar,  by  Merwin- Webster  (two  young  men  collaborating) 

l^lLg^g  is  a  "  rattling  good  "  railroad  story— and  a  through  train  at  that.    No 

reader  will  get  oflF  these  cars  while  they  are  in  motion.  The  characteristic 
AN  HOUR,  methods  of  "absorbing"  a  railroad,  in  their  crescendo  of  stock-scheming, 
pocket  courts,  armed  gangs,  train-wrecking  and  stealing  the  books,  are  drawn  rapidly , 
sharply  and  from  near  the  "  inside."  "  Jim  Weeks,"  the  General  Manager,  is  a  good 
deal  of  a  character,  as  campaigner  and  as  man  ;  and  the  love-story  of  his  private  secre- 
tary and  the  daughter  of  the  enemy  gives  zest  to  the  "  war."  The  Macmillan  Co.,  N. 
Y.    $1.50.    Los  Angeles,  C.  C.  Parker. 

AS  WELL  Kate  Chopin,  whose  Bayou  Folks  made  a  favorable  impression,  is  out  with 

HAVE  ^  longer,  more  ambitious  story.  The  Awakening.    It  has  the  same  rather 

flexible  wrist  and  attentive  eye,  and  its  atmosphere  is  equally  Louisianian. 
&LEPT.  But  it  is  not  so  healthful.    The  "  Awakening"  is  of  the  animal  in  a  Ken- 

tucky woman,  n6e  decent,  married  to  a  New  Orleans  Creole,  and  very  cheaply  kindled 
by  almost  any  other  male  person.  It  does  not  seem  wise  to  put  skill  to  the  telling  of 
this  sort  of  story.  The  book  is  handsome — naturally,  being  published  by  its  publish- 
ers.   H  S.Stone  &  Co.,  Chicago.    $1.50. 

GOOD  There  are  few  more  agreeable  writers  and  few  so  excellent  preachers  as 

GOSPEL.  Rev.  Henry  Van  Dyke,  of  "  the  Brick  Church,"  in   New  York  city.    His 

Gospel  for  a  World  of  Sin  is  an  uncommon  book  of  sane  and  fine  theology, 

high    thought   and   graphic    expression.     The  Macmillan   Co.,    N.  Y.     $1.25.     Los 

Angeles,  C.  C.  Parker. 

Charlotte  Perkins  Stetson's  grim  and  powerful  story,  The   Yellow   Wall-Paper,  is 
issued  in  a  very  handsome  little  volume  by  Small,  Maynard  &  Co.,  Boston.    60  cents. 

The  Tenth  Report  of  the  Missouri  Botanical  Garden,  St.  Louis,  is  workmanlike  and 
vaBluble 

ChaS.  F.  lyDMMIS. 


ANGLE 


RCriKTION 


BY   MAROARET  COLLIER   GRAHAM. 


Society  hungers  and  thirsts  after  originality  that  it 
may  have  something  to  imitate.  The  cunning  few 
who  ' '  set  the  fashions' '  know  the  value  of  invention — and 
obscurity.  The  mob,  rushing  like  sheep  after  some  new 
abomination  in  dress  or  furnishing,  would  turn  about  as  sheep- 
ishly if  confronted  by  the  real  originator  and  his  artless  greed. 

To  dress  or  to  furnish  one's  house  "  out  of  the  fashion"  to- 
day is  expensive.  Taste  is  not  always  accompanied  by  ability 
to  invent  or  construct,  nor  does  it  always  find  time  to  hunt  for 
specialists.  The  men  and  women  in  the  shops  are  listless  when 
you  seek  their  aid,  and  tell  you  this,  that  and  the  other  is  *'all 
the  rage."  The  dress-makers,  the  tailors  and  the  milliners 
whom  you  ask  to  clothe  you  show  you  countless  pictures  of 
other  people,  none  of  whom  resemble  you  in  the  least,  and 
studiously  ignore  so  much  of  your  personality  as  is  not  re- 
ducible to  inches. 


ALL  WE 

L!Kt  SHEEP" 


The  mechanic  receives  your  instructions  with  skepti- 
cal incomprehension,  and  mentally  resolves  to  save  you 
from  yourself  by  a  rigid  adherence  to  precedents.  The  man 
or  woman  who  tries  to  have  the  simplest  article  made  after  his 
own  design  loses  heart  and  patience,  and  if  he  is  not  a  per- 
manent candidate  for  office  will  frankly  acknowledge  that 
American  workmen  are  generally  a  stupid  lot. 

In  the  scramble  of  the  rich  for  expensiveness  and  the 
poor  for  cheapness,  good  taste  has  been  trodden  under 
foot.  Our  millionaires  collect  quantities  of  metal  and  jewels 
which  must  be  kept  in  safe-deposit  vaults,  since  they  are  most 
desired  by  burglars.  Our  poor  squander  their  small  substance 
on  gilded  imitations  of  the  vulgar  belongings  of  the  rich,  so 
that  one  may  go  from  palace  to  cottage  without  respite  from 
our  national  devotion  to  ugliness.  Nor  is  this,  as  many  think, 
a  superficial  matter.  Taste  lies  at  the  root  of  thrift.  It  is  the 
knowledge  of,  and  the  consequent  love  of  good  things.  It  is 
a  large,  if  not  the  largest,  factor  of  content.  Artists  are  pro- 
verbially a  happy  people.      Nowhere  do  we  find  so  much  mer- 


AND  SO 

THEY  ARE. 


OUR  UGLY 

FETICH. 


122  LAND    OF  SUNSHINE. 

riment  on  so  little  money  as  in  Bohemia.  An  appreciation  of 
beauty  is  a  safeguard  against  squalor. 

A  LONGER  The  craftsman  who  stays  at  home  and  makes  a  good 

HERO.  thing  well  may  in  the  end  do  more  for  true  national 

expansion  than  the  hero  who  goes  forth  to  make  way  for  civil- 
ization by  mowing  down  "  fluttered  folk  and  wild."  Popular 
energy  need  not  seek  an  outlet  abroad  while  so  much  work  re- 
mains undone  or  ill  done  at  home.  There  may  be  men  every- 
where looking  for  work,  but  there  is  vastly  more  work  looking 
for  men.  Work  that  was  badly  done  last  year  at  two  dollars 
per  day  and  must  be  repaired  this  year  at  the  same  price. 
Work  that  cannot  hold  conventions  or  pass  resolutions  or  form 
unions  ;  inarticulate  unorganized  work  which  can  only  remain 
undone  because  there  is  no  one  to  do  it  well.  Not  lack  of  work 
but  inability  to  find  it  constitutes  the  real  labor  problem  ;  lack 
of  invention,  of  adaptability,  of  insight  and  of  conscience  ;  a 
lack,  in  short,  of  moral  and  mechanical  good  taste.  Peering 
into  the  history  of  languishing  industries  one  often  comes  face 
to  face  with  facts  which  are  entirely  useless  for  campaign  pur- 
poses and  yet  of  national  import. 

THE  FINISHED  ^e  arc  told  that  machinery  and  division  of  labor  have 

PRODUCT.  destroyed  personal  responsibility  and  taken  the  con- 
science out  of  the  crafts ;  that  no  one  man  must  answer  for 
the  finished  product.  But  was  not  labor  always  divided  ?  Did 
not  one  man  make  a  shoe  and  another  a  coat,  and  is  not  a  good 
eyelet  or  a  good  buttonhole  a  finished  product  in  the  sight  of 
conscience  ? 

CHILDHOOD  fjie   great  enterprises   of  life  all  originate  in   daily 

AND  MATURITY,  jjumau  wauts.  Bridges  are  built,  ships  are  sailed, 
wars  are  fought  that  you  and  I  may  have  the  food,  clothing 
and  shelter  we  most  desire.  It  is  sometimes  easier  to  subdue 
savages  than  to  face  the  problems  of  every-day  life.  Bloodshed 
and  destruction  are  easy  and  primitive,  and  belong  to  the 
cruelty  and  crudity  of  national  childhood.  The  full-grown 
among  the  peoples  of  the  earth  will  learn  by-and-by  to  fight 
error  with  truth,  and  to  extend  civilization  by  advancing  it. 
Bullets  are  not  the  seed  from  which  grow  the  good  things  of 
life,  however  necessary  they  may  be  at  times  to  protect  the 
crop  ;  and  ethics  will  ere  long  learn  from  science  that  blood- 
letting is  not  a  sovereign  remedy. 

Meanwhile,  let  him  who  honestly  believes  that  a  distasteful 
duty  has  been  forced  upon  us  as  a  nation,  remember  the  sullen 
fealty  that  owes  its  origin  to  force,  and  write  his  belief  in 
small  type  and  modestly,  knowing  that  the  world  will  need  no 
proof  that  ours  is  the  "home  of  the  brave"  so  long  as  we 
keep  it  the  "land  of  the  free." 

Soatb  Pastidena. 


TO   CONSERVE   THE   MISSIONS 
AND    OTHER     HISTORIC 
LANDMARKS    OF    SOUTHERN 
CALIFORNIA. 

DiRKCTORS  : 

OFFICERSi  Frank  A.  Gibson. 

President,  Chas.  F.  Lnmmis.  Henry  W  O'Melveny. 

Vice-President,  Margaret  Collier  Graham.  Rev.  J.  Adam. 

Secretary,  Arthur  B,  Benton,  114  N.  Spring  St.  Sumner  P.  Hunt. 

Treasurer,  Frank  A.  Gibson,  Ca.shiei  1st  Nat.  Ba    k^.  Arthur  B   Benton. 

Corresponding  Secretary  Mrs.  M   E.  Stilson.  Margaret  Collier  Graham. 

812  Ken&ington  Ro.id   Lub  Ai.geles.  Chas.  F.  Lummis. 

HoNOKART  Life  Members  :  R   Egan,  Tessa  I    EelM) 

Life  Members  :  Jas  B  Lankershim,  J  Downey  Harvey,  Edward  E.  Ayer,  John  F.  Francis,  Mrs.  John  F. 
FranciM,  Mrs  Alfred  Solano,  Martaret  Collier  Grahnm,  Miss  ('oilipr,  Andrew  WcNally,  Rt  Rev.  Geo.  'Wontponiery, 
MissM  F  Wills,  B.  F.  Porter,  Prof  Chas.  C.  Bragdon.  Mis.  Jas.  W  Soott,  Mrs  Phoehe  A.  Hearst,  Mrs.  Annie  D. 
Apperson,  Miss  Agnes  Lane.  Mrs  M.  W.  Kincaid.  C->l  H.  G  Otis.  H.  Jevne,  J  R.  Newberry  Pr  W  Jarvis  Earlow, 
Marion  Brooks  Barlow,  Geo  W.  Marston,  Chas.  L.  Hutchinson,  U.  S  Grant,  jr  ,  I&abel  M.  R.  Severance. 

ADVISORY  BOARD:  Jessie  Benton  Fremont,  Col.  H.  G.  Otis,  R  Egan,  W  C  Patterson,  Adeline 
Stearns  Wing,  Geo.  U.  Bouebrake,  Tessa  L  Kelso,  Don  Marcos  Forster,  Chas  Cassat  Davis,  Miss  M.  F  Wills, 
C.  D.  Willard,  John  F.  Francis  Frank  J.  PoUey  Rev.  Hugl'  K.  Walker,  Elmer  Wachtel,  Maj.  H.  T.  Lee, 
Rt.  Rev.  Joseph  H  Johnson,  Bishop  of  Los  Angeles. 

Chairman  Membership  Committee,  Mrs.  J.  G.  Mossiri. 

The  Landmarks  Club,  which  is  engaged  in  preserving  the  old  Mis- 
sions and  Other  historic^monuments  of  Southern  California  from  decay, 
has  begun  work  at  San  Diego,  the  Mother  Mission  (founded  1769),  and 
will  prosecute  it  as  long  as  the  funds  hold  out.  This  should  not  be 
soon  ;  but  it  will  be,  unless  former  members  of  the  Club  are  a  little 
more  thoughtful  about  paying  up  their  annual  dues. 

The  Club  is  not  a  close  corporation.  Any  man  or  woman,  anywhere, 
who  cares  a  dollar's  worth  for  history  and  romance  is  welcome  to  mem- 
bership. The  dues  are  $1  a  year  and  there  is  no  initiation  fee.  The 
money  goes  net  to  the  preservation  of  the  noblest  antiquities  in  the 
United  States. 

The  attempt  to  erect  a  monument  to  Olive  Mann  Isbell,  the  first 
American  teacher  in  California,  thus  far  seriously  lags.  It  is  not  flatter- 
ing to  the  present  school  teachers  of  California  that  thus  far  not  a  sin- 
gle one  of  them  has  cared  to  contribute  a  dollar  to  do  honor  to  their 
pioneer.  It  may  be  simply  carelessness  ;  but  it  is  not  a  creditable  care- 
lessness. If  among  the  thousands  of  California  teachers  there  aren't 
enough  with  soul  enough  to  put  a  memorial  stone  above  the  first  and 
bravest  of  their  tribe,  why,  California  schools  are  in  pretty  poor  hands. 

The  general  work  of  the  Club  is  progressing  steadily  if  slowly.  Con- 
tributions already  acknowledged  in  these  pages  amount  to  |3661.96. 
Mrs.  Frederick  Fogg,  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  has  since  contributed'$10.  New 
contributions  of  $1  each  have  been  received  from  Dr.  T.  Mitchell 
Prudden,  College  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  ;  Miss  C.  M.  Sey- 
mour, Miss  J.  D.  Gibbs,  Los  Angeles ;  Miss  Anna  Park  Barstow,  San 
Rafael,  Cal.  $5  from  Mrs.  J.  E.  Meeker,  Miss  A.  L.  Meeker  and  Miss  J. 
A.  Meeker,  Pasadena. 


124 


1*1 

1*1 


CALIFORNIA  BABIES 


If 


L.  A.  Eng  Co. 


A   I,OS   ANGEI^KS   BKI^IyK. 


Photo,  by  Marceau. 


K         M 


Eng.  Co.  Photo,  by  Westervelt. 

SIX   MONTHS   AND   THREE   YEARS. 


{ARE)  nil f^T^y,©[p- WHY }^ Yi II % 


SAN   tUIS   REY   MISSION. 
(Founded  June  13,  1798.    Had  in  its  prime  2869  Indian  neophytes.) 


C.  M.  n-vis  Eug.  Co, 


THE  GIANT  GRAPE-VINE. 


C.M.Davis  Eng.Co. 


DONA   I^UISA   DOMINGUEZ. 


C.  M.  Davis  Eng.  Co. 


WINTER    IN    THE    OJAI.  Photo,  by  Mrs.  Agnes  D.  Brown. 


CM.  Davis  Eng.  Co.     ^jjj^   GROWTH    OF    A    HOME   IN    SIX    YEARS. 
(Residence  F.  J.  Ganahl,  Los  Angeles.) 


131 


California  Homes 


o 
S   » 

n    < 
2.  « 

'*  w 
o  - 

32 


CM.  Davis  Eng.  Co.        RESIDENCE   OF  J.    MESMER,    I.OS   ANGKI^ES.     Hhoto.  by  Putnam 


THE   CHILDS   PI.ACE,    LOS   ANGHlvES. 


SANTA   MONICA   RESIDENCE   OF  SENATOR  JONES. 


134 


The  State  Normal  School  at  Los 
Angeles. 


BY   MELVILLE   DOZIER. 


Y^^ROBABLY  but  few  of  our  citizens  fully  appreciate  the  growth 
1®?  and  the  importance  of  this  institution,  situated  among  us, 
X,  and  quietly  working  out  to  the  best    of  its  ability  the  great 

problems  of  education — the  problems  which  lie  at  the  very  foundation 
of  our  civilization.  Organized  in  1882  with  a  corps  of  three  teachers 
and  about  fifty  pupils,  it  has  grown  into  a  school  in  which  the  annual 
enrollment  is  about  six  hundred  students  under  the  instruction  of  a 
faculty  of  twenty-five  teachers.  During  the  seventeen  years  of  its 
history,  upward  of  a  thousand  graduates  h? ve  gone  out  from  its  walls, 
nearly  all  of  whom  are  actively  engaged  ix^  the  school- room,  diffusing 
the  influence  of  the  school,  and  causing  \i^  principles  for  which  the 
institution  stands  to  be  felt  in  thousands  of  homes  in  the  land. 

Situated  in  the  very  heart  of  the  city  af\d  upon  a  commanding  site, 
it  combines  all  the  elements  of  business!,  convenience  without  noise 
and  bustle  ;  the  advantages  of  quiet  and  ^^  ivacy  without  the  usual  ac- 
companiment of  distance  and  seclusion.  ; 

Its  elevation,  crowned  as  it  is  with  a  n6  pile  of  masonry,  makes  it 
an  object  of  distinguished  beauty  and  at|!  ctiveness  from  many  parts 
of  the  city,  while,  at  the  same  time,  it  aff<^  is  to  those  whose  duties  re- 
quire their  attendance  there  a  series  of  vi^ws  of  the  city  which  are  of 
surpassing  loveliness. 

It  will  never  be  known  to  what  extent  these  scenes  of  perpetual 
beauty  have  contributed  to  the  unfolding  of  the  recognition  of  that 
kinship  of  the  soul  with  all  that  is  beautiful  in  art  and  nature,  which 
is  so  essential  to  the  character  of  the  true  teacher.  All  that  is  best  and 
purest  in  the  heart  of  man  seems  to  be  stirred  and  energized  on  looking 
out  upon  the  broad  vista  of  streets  and  houses  and  plains  and  mount- 
ains and  ocean,  as  viewed  from  almost  any  standpoint  in  or  about  the 
building.  While  not  too  much  elevated  for  ready  and  easy  approach, 
it  is  sufficiently  so  to  afford,  in  every  direction  but  the  north,  views 
limited  only  by  the  horizon,  and  to  catch  the  full  benefit  of  the  sea- 
breeze  in  its  gentle  and  inspiring  sweep  from  the  ocean  to  the  mount- 
ains. 

But,  as  charming  as  are  the  material  surroundings  of  the  Normal 
School,  that  which  is  of  far  greatest  import,  the  work  it  is  doing  and 
the  ideals  for  which  it  stands,  is  none  the  less  pleasing  to  contemplate. 

From  the  beginning,  the  work  and  management  of  the  school  have 
been  characterized  by  a  degree  of  harmony,  energy,  and  foresight  quite 
remarkable  in  an  institution  of  such  proportions  and  embodying  so 
many  diversified  elements. 

The  growth  of  the  institution  was  steady  and  marked  from  the  be- 
ginning, and  in  1893  the  Legislature  made  liberal  provision  for  its  en- 
largement, to  meet  the  rapidly  increasing  demands.  At  the  same  time 
a  change  of  headship  went  into  effect ;  Prof.  Ira  More,  who  was  identi- 
fied with  the  earlier  history  and  policy  of  the  school,  giving  place  to 
Prof.  Edward  T.  Pierce,  late  of  the  State  Normal  School  at  Chico,  Cal. 

This  change  of  administration,  however,  was  not  accompanied  by 
any  change  in  the  teaching  force,  except  by  way  of  increase,  made 
necessary  by  the  greatly  enlarged  structure  and  the  addition  of  fully- 
equipped  departments  of  work,  some  of  which  had  been  carried  on 
under  embarassing  limitations  and  others  added  outright. 

Among  these  may  be  mentioned  greatly  increased  facilities  for  the 
study  of  chemistry,  physics,  botany,  zoology,  drawing  and  geography, 
and  the  organization  of  the  departments  of  pedagogy,  sloyd,  and  the 
kindergarten.    The  changes  and  expansions  at  once  placed  the  institu- 


is 
!§ 

en   V5 

s  o 

s  W 
-".  o 

.? 

t| 

ft-    R 

J?   ^ 
i      « 


136  LAND    OF  SUNSHINE- 

tion  in  the  first  rank  among  the  normal  schools  of  the  nation,  and 
caused  its  reputation  to  spread  far  and  wide.  During  the  five  years  that 
have  passed  since  the  occupancy  of  the  enlarged  building  there  has  been 
no  cessation  to  the  growth  and  strengthening  of  the  school  in  each  and 
all  of  its  departments  of  work,  and  at  the  same  time  an  eye  has  been 
had  to  the  material  aspect  of  the  grounds  which  has  resulted  iu  making 
of  them  a  model  of  beauty  and  convenience. 

In  all  these  changes  a  careful  regard  has  been  had  to  both  the  mental 
and  physical  well-being  of  the  students,  contributing  as  far  as  possible 
to  the  simultaneous  and  uniform  development  of  mind  and  body,  and 
under  circumstances  calculated  to  quicken  and  strengthen  the  esthetic 
nature  as  well. 

The  library  has  kept  pace  with  the  growing  needs  of  the  school  and 
has  become  a  most  potent  factor  in  its  work.  Notwithstanding  all  this 
development,  however,  another  period  of  marked  change  and  progress 
is  in  the  near  future. 

At  its  last  session  the  Legislature  again  responded  to  the  demands  for 
a  more  complete  education,  and  made  provision  for  such  an  increase  of 
space  as' will  permit  of  the  organization  of  a  department  of  domestic 
science  and  greatly  increased  facilities  for  work  in  art. 

Through  the  thoughtful  regard  of  Gov.  Gage  for  the  welfare  of  the 
State's  treasury,  this  appropriation  does  not  become  available  until 
January  1st,  1900,  when  the  treasury  will  have  been  strengthened  by  the 
payment  of  the  fall  taxes,  and,  for  this  reason,  the  contemplated  im- 
provements cannot  be  executed  until  next  year.  The  changes  will  con- 
sist chiefly  in  the  removal  of  the  gymnasium  some  fifty  feet  farther 
away  from  the  main  building,  its  elevation  to  a  level  with  the  second 
floor,  with  which  it  will  be  connected  by  a  covered  way,  enclosed  with 
movable  windows,  and  the  construction  of  two  floors  beneath  the 
gymnasium  floor,  one  of  which  will  be  devoted  to  an  enlargement  of 
the  art  department,  including  sloyd,  and  to  the  department  of  domestic 
science,  then  to  be  newly  organized,  while  the  other  floor  will  be  fitted 
up  for  the  work  of  the  training  school.  An  increased  capacity  for 
training  school  work  has  been  made  necessary  by  the  change  in  policy, 
touching  the  requirements  of  the  senior  class  in  this  department. 
Thereafter  students,  instead  of  being  required  to  teach  for  a  period  every 
day  in  various  classes,  will  be  put  in  charge  of  a  class  of  some 
grade,  and  be  held  responsible  for  the  entire  management  and  instruc- 
tion for  a  given  number  of  weeks,  thus  securing  for  the  student  teacher 
all  the  varied  experience  that  can  arise  in  his  work  when  in  charge  of  a 
school  of  his  own. 

In  connection  with  the  proposed  department  of  domestic  science, 
where  cooking,  sewing  and  other  housework  will  be  taught,  it  is  ex- 
pected that  a  large  and  comfortable  lunch-room  can  be  maintained  for 
the  accommodation  of  both  teachers  and  students,  thus  supplying  a 
long- felt  want,  and  at  the  same  time  aff'ording  useful  exercise  to  classes 
along  the  line  of  their  study. 

When  these  changes  and  additions  shall  have  been  realized,  it  may 
confidently  be  stated  that  Los  Angeles  is  the  seat  of  a  normal  school 
which  for  completeness  of  course  and  thoroughness  of  execution,  is  the 
peer  of  any  on  the  American  continent. 


Dormitory 


Main  School  Building. 


'  Los  Angeles  Academy: 


the 
not 


A  CLASSICAL  AND  ENGLISH  MILITARY  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 

DUCATION  is  something  more  than  building  in  a  young  brain. 
It  is  bringing  out  whatever  may  be  in  a  boy  or  girl,  and  guiding 
to  its  highest  potentiality  the  quality  brought  out.     Naturally 
'hopper"  system  which  is  necessary  in  education  by  mass,  does 
secure    the    best    individual   results   in    the 
attempt   to   draw   out.     It  is   a   law  so  universal 
and  so  clear  that  no  one  nowadays  wpuld  think  of 
denying  it,  that   the   ideal   education   is!  that   in 
which  the  personal  ability   and  needs  have   the 
fullest  consideration. 

Among  the  most  hopeful  signs  amid  the  spread 
of  the  best  new  educational  methods  in  California, 
is  the  inception  and  sturdy  growth  of  special  pre- 
paratory schools  based  on  that  fine  old  model  of 
the  Boston  Latin  School — and  conducted  by  men 
who  have  the  full  right  of  succession.  Such  in- 
stitutions are  not  only  feeders  for  our  colleges  ; 
above  all,  they  are  builders  of  character.  They 
take  a  boy  as  young  as  they  can  and  proceed 
at  once  to  begin  making  a  man  of  him.  They 
go  at  him  not  as  if  he  were  merely  a  walk- 
ing memory  which  could  be  stuffed  with  so  many 
terms  of  fact.  They  accept  him  as  a  human  be-  Business  Mgr.  Walter  r. 
ing,    with    brain,    heart    and    body,    and   develop   him    on   all    three 

lines.  The  military  drill  is  not  just  a 
matter  of  brass  buttons  and  "  guide  left." 
It  teaches  a  boy  how  to  stand,  how  to  = 
walk,  how  to  hold  himself  steady  in 
mind  and  body.  It  is  the  discipline 
parents  ought  to  give  — and  that  most  of 


Photo,  by  Maude. 


MII.ITARY   AND   FOOT-BAI,I.  EXERCISE. 


C.  M.DarisEng.  Co. 


them  do  not.  It  teaches  the  self- 
restraint  which  every  boy  and  man 
ought  to  have  —  and  that  most  of 
them  never  learn. 

Ivos  Angeles  Military  Academy  is 
so  situated  as  to  bring  the  best  of 
nature  to  its  aid  ;  so  officered  as  to 
promise  each  student  the  best  that 
trained  and  conscientious  care  can 
give.  It  brings  to  bear  upon  the 
education  of  our  boys  a  plan  of  evi- 
dent utility,  and  carries  out  that 
plan  with  fine  sincerity  and  com- 
petence. It  has  alrea'dy  become,  in 
this  community,  a  force  to  be 
reckoned  with,  and 
it  promises  to  have 
a  growing  influence. 
By  a  recent  re- 
organization of  the 
school,  its  founder 
and  manager,  Mr. 
Walter  R.  Wheat, 
has  associated  with 
himself  two  promi- 
nent educators  from 
the  East,  Messrs. 
Sanford  A.  Hooper 
and  Edward  t,.  Har- 
dy. Mr.  Hooper, 
head  master  of  the 
Academy,  has  been 
principal  of  the  Mil- 
waukee South  Side 
High  School  for  the 
past  six  years. 

Mr.  Hardy,  associ- 
ate master,  has  been 
head  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  History  in 
the  same  school  for 
five  years,  the  last  of 
which  was  spent,  on 
leave  of  absence, 
in  studying  the  boys' 
schools  of  France 
and  Germany,  as 
well  as  many  of 
the  best  preparatory 
schools  in  Amarica.  Under  the  di- 
rection of  these  gentlemen,  together 
with  Grenville  C  Emery,  principal 
of  the  Academy  for  the  past  two 
years,  and  formerly  master  in  the 
Boston  Latin  School,  Los  Angeles 
Academy  will  rank  with  the  best 
preparatory  schools  for  boys  in  the 
West. 

A  visit  to  this  institution  can  but 
impress  one  with  its  beautiful  and 
healthful  location,  its  facilities  both 
ior  study  and  play,  and  the  ordrely 
bearing  of  its  intelligent,  happy- 
faced  boys. 


'  A  Modern  Advance. 

SOUTHERN  CAIvIFORNIA  is  not  a  backwoods  community  with  a 
good  climate.  It  is  not  a  country  whose  skies  alone  are  precious 
to  the  cultured  traveler  and  home-seeker,  but  its  people  to  be 
shunned.  On  the  contrary,  it  is  probably  the  most  refined  community 
in  the  United  States.  The  tourist  of  today  is  not  the  first  discoverer  of 
its  advantages.  For  more  than  a  decade  it  has  been  attracting  the  well- 
to-do,  the  educated  and  the  refined.  The  result  is  that  its  population  is 
of  a  higher  average  of  intelligence,  as  well  as  of  financial  independence, 
than  any  other  numerically  equal  population  in  the  country.  The  average 
is  high  ;  and  among  the  residents  are  many  of  national  reputation  as 


BI,A.NCHARD   MUSIC   AND   ART   BOUNDING. 


A    MODERN    ADVANCE. 

artists,  musicians,  and  authors.  Los  Angeles,  the  chief  city  of  this 
extraordinary  territory,  keeps  fully  abreast  with  the  best  Eastern  cities 
in  all  that  makes  for  progress  and  refinement.  One  typical  proof 
of  this  is  the  opening  of  Blanchard  Hall,  designed  to  be  the  home  of 
music  and  art  in  this  city.  Competent  judges,  of  wide  comparison,  de- 
clare it  one  of  the  most  perfectly  appointed  halls  for  its  purpose  to  be 
found  anywhere.  And  in  connection  with  this  hall  may  be  mentioned 
another  token  of  the  advancement  of  Los  Angeles  along  the  best  mod- 
ern lines. 

The  violin  is  acknowledged  king  of  musical  instruments  because  it 


BLANCHARD   HAI,I«,    USED   BY   CUMNOCK  SCHOOI,   FOR    RKCITAI.S   AND 
PHYSICAL  CULTURE. 

can  be  made  to  approach  nearer  than  any  other  to  the  quality  of  the 
human  voice.  Because  it  is  the  noblest,  it  is  also  the  most  difl&cult  of 
mastery.  Anyone  can  strum  on  a  banjo  ;  but  to  play  the  violin  requires 
patience  and  work.  And  fortunately  for  our  ears,  people  are  aware  that 
they  cannot  play  the  violin  by  guesswork. 

The  one  nobler  medium  of  expression,  the  human  voice,  has  no  such 
general  respect.  It  is  an  instrument  we  are  born  with  and  cannot  evade, 
it  has  commonplace  uses  as  well  as  high  ones,  it  will  serve  many  purposes 
even  when  it  scrapes  and  squeaks ;  and  the  natural  result  is  that  care- 
lessness, thoughtlessness  and  habit  have  left  it  sadly  neglected.     A  fine 


LAND    OF  SUNSHINE. 

voice  for  singing  is  pretty  sure,  indeed,  to  receive  training— because  that 
gives  it  a  market  value.  But  nine  out  of  every  ten  people,  in  conversa- 
tion or  in  public  speech,  use  an  instrument  they  have  never  learned  to 
play — not  even  "by  ear."  To  trained  perceptions  the  average  voice  is 
pitiful ;  that  even  to  the  thoughtless  it  is  unconsciously  disappointing  is 
proved  by  the  quickness  with  which  all  are  warmed  by  a  voice  used  as 
it  should  be. 

Intelligent  training  in  the  fit  use  of  this  potentially  magnificent  in- 
strument should  be  universal.     To  certain  professions  it  is  an  absolute 


RECEPTION   ROOM,    CUMNOCK  SCHOOL,  OF  ORATORY. 

necessity  ;  but  there  is  no  use  so  commonplace  that  an  educated  voice 
is  not  of  distinct  service  in  it. 

A  finely  effective  school  for  the  study  and  mastery  of  vocal  expression 
and  interpretation,  a  school  not  of  mimetics  or  rantings,  but  basing  its 
training  upon  the  deeper  and  larger  principles,  has  been  built  up  in 
this  city  within  five  years  by  Addie  Murphy  Grigg  and  the  faculty  she 
has  drawn  to  her.  It  is  called  the  Cumnock  School  of  Oratory,  after 
the  forceful  director  of  the  Northwestern  University  School  of  Oratory, 
at  Evanston,  111.,  whose  first  assistant  Mrs.  Grigg  was  for  three  years. 
Its  success  has  been  significant.  Its  numerical  growth  has  compelled 
four  enlargements  of  quarters  ;  and  the  standard  of  its  work  has  come 


A    MODERN    ADVANCE. 

to  be  widely  respected.  It  is  now  very  handsomely  housed  in  the 
Blanchard  Hall,  and  has  70  students  in  the  school  proper,  besides  303 
more  in  special  classes  and  private  schools.  Its  course  covers  two 
years,  and  there  are  post-graduate  courses.  It  recognizes,  of  course, 
that  mere  voice  is  only  a  small  part  of  expression,  and  that  vocal  ex- 
pression itself  is  but  a  means  to  an  end,  just  as  music  and  poetry  are. 
Back  of  all  these  must  be  something  worthy  of  the  best  expression — 
that  is,  thought  ;  and  it  studies  to  store  the  mind,  to  cultivate  the  emo- 
tions,    to    develop    bodily   grace.      Physical    culture,    vocal    culture, 


A   RECITATION   AND   CLASS    ROOM,    CUMNOCK   SCHOOL   OF   ORATORY. 

rhetoric,  English  history  and  literature,  on  broad  and  expert  lines,  are 
among  its  machineries,  and  indicate  the  catholicity  of  its  ideals  and 
standards.  Its  most  serious  work  is  bent  to  true  interpretation  of  the 
best  literature.  It  looks  upon  the  voice  not  as  something  which  may 
be  taught  to  trick  and  tickle  shallow  ears — vox  et  praeterea  nihil — but  as 
the  organ  whose  trained  harmonies  may  translate  the  greater  mind  be- 
hind the  expression.  With  this  wise  and  high  standard  it  builds  its 
foundations  deep  in  the  greatest  literature,  and  its  major  work  is  in  the 
interpretation  of  that  literature.  This  is  sufficient  to  show  how  radi- 
cally it  differs  from  the  ordinary  catchpenny  "schools  of  vocal  culture," 
and  indicates  one  of  the  several  reasons  why  the  Cumnock  School  is  en- 
titled to  be  ranked  as  a  modern  advance. 


When  answering  adverUsements,  please  menUon  that  you  *'  saw  it  in  the  Land  of  Suxshiwb." 


•  Occidental  College. 

LOS   ANGELES,    CAL. 

Occidental  College  was  founded  in  1887.  A  commodious  building  was  erected 
in  1888  near  the  Los  Angeles  city  limits,  east  of  Boyle  Heights.  This  building  was 
destroyed  by  fire  in  1896.  The  present  location  is  in  East  Los  Angeles,  on  the  elec- 
tric line  to  Pasadena.  The  campus  commands  a  fine  view  of  the  Sierra  Madre 
mountains,  and  has  an  elevation  two  hundred  and  fifty  feet  higher  than  the  center 
of  Los  Angeles.  The  main  building  is  devoted  to  class  rooms,  music  rooms,  library 
and  chapel.     The  Chemical  Laboratory  is  in  a  building  at  the  rear. 

On  the  campus  are  two  double  tennis  courts,  a  football  field  and  a  bicycle  track. 

The  College  does  not  claim  to  be  a  university,  but  aims  to  do  first-class  under- 
graduate work. 

There  are  three  courses :  the  Classical,  the  Literary  and  the  Scientific,  leading 
respectively  to  the  degrees  of  B.  A.,  B.  L-,  and  B.  S. 

The  College  allows  a  limited  choice  of  election  in  the  Junior  and  Senior  years, 
but  holds  to  the  theory  that  for  the  best  results,  in  the  long  run,  the  undergraduate 
should  follow  a  prescribed  course,  thus  securing  a  good  general  education,  on  the 
basis  of  which  he  may  specialize  after  graduation  with  a  much  greater  prospect  of 
ultimate  success. 


LAHOKATdK'l 


L  A.  Eng  Co. 

The  Classical  Course  is  modeled  after  that  of  the 
best  Eastern  colleges,  including  Latin,  Greek, 
Mathematics,  Natural  Science,  History,  Economics, 
Psychology,  Ethics,  etc. 
The  Literary  Course  substitutes  a  modern  lan- 
guage for  Greek,  and  contains,  as  a  unique  feature,  a  course  in  general  literature, 
in  which  representative  authors  of  Greece,  Rome,  Italy,  France  and  Germany  are 
studied  in  the  best  English  translations. 

The  Scientific  Course  is  a  general  one,  laying  a  broad  foundation  for  subsequent 
specialization. 

Occidental  College  admits  both  young  men  and  young  women  on  an  equal 
footing. 

In  connection  with  the  College  is  a  thorough  preparatory  department,  into 
which  students  can  enter  who  have  completed  the  eighth  grade  in  the  public  schools. 
The  Preparatory  Course  requires  four  years,  and  a  consultation  of  the  catalogue  will 
show  that  the  standard  of  this  department  is  high. 

Students  are  offered  the  best  advantages  in  vocal  and  instrumental  music,  elocu- 
tion and  art 

The  College  has  no  dormitory  system.  The  students  board  with  families  in  the 
neighborhood  who  are  recommended  by  the  faculty,  aud  a  lady  principal  has  a 
general  oversight  of  the  young  ladies. 

It  is  proposed  after  the  fall  rains  to  plant  a  lawn  and  beautify  the  grounds  with 
flowers,  trees  and  shrubbery,  and  thus  make  the  surroundings  in  keeping  with  the 
Grecian  architecture  of  the  main  building. 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Land  of  Sunshink. 


A  Classical  School  for  Girls. 

The  Classical  School  for  Girls,  Pasadena,  was  established  in  1890  by  Miss  Anna 
B.  Orton,  daughter  of  the  late  Prof.  James  Orton  of  Vassar  College.  Its  standing  as 
a  College  Preparatory  is  best  shown  by  the  work  of  its  graduates  in  the  respective 
colleges  which  they  have  entered.  Some  of  these  students  upon  entrance  have 
passed  into  the  Sophomore  and  Junior  classes  in  certain  subjects.  While  in  college 
one  received  a  scholarship  prize,  another  developed  a  marked  talent  for  writing, 
while  a  third  distinguished  herself  with  a  little  research  work  in  science,  the  result 


RECITATION    HALL   AND   GYMNASIUM. 

of  which  was  published,  together  with  her  illustrations,  in  a  German  scientific 
journal.  One  is  an  assistant  instructor  in  a  University,  another  who  graduates  this 
year  with  honor  in  science  has  already  received  the  offer  of  several  positions  to 
teach.  The  attainment  of  scholarship  is  not  more  the  aim  of  the  school  than  is  the 
physical  development  of  the  pupil.  The  healthfulness  of  Pasadena  climate  is  a  well 
established  fact.  This  added  to  a  largely  out  of  door  life,  sunny  rooms,  and  a  well 
conducted  gymnasium,  make  it  possible  for  even  a  delicate  girl  to  prepare  for  an 
Eastern  College  without  being  physically  taxed.  The  number  of  boarding  pupils 
is  limited  that  they  may  enjoy  the  privileges  of  home-life  where  true  culture  is 
fostered  and  the  little  things  of  life  which  make  up  the  great  are  not  forgotten. 

Hummel  Bros.  &  Co.,  Largest  Employment  Agency.    300  W.  Second  St.     Tel.  Main  509 


A 


^^ 


Thk  Ideal  Home. 

#^«^HE  ideal  home  is  a  composite  product,  the  factors  of  which 
^^1  are  of  both  internal  and  external  origin  ;  but  it  is  surely 
not  too  much  to  say  that  its  location  and  surroundings 
must  have  in  them  the  elements  of  beauty,  attractive- 
ness and  harmony.  Healthfulness  may  be  considered  by 
some  a  mere  utilitarian  contribution  to  the 
making  of  a  true  home  spot,  but  its  import- 
ance cannot,  of  course,  be  overestimated 
from  any  point  of  view.  In  all  essential 
particulars  there  are  locations  in  the  vicinity 
of  Los  Angeles  and  Pasadena  whose  advan- 
tages as  home  sites  it  would  be  diflScult  to 
overmatch.  Such  a  one  is  made  the  subject  of 
illustration  on  this  page. 
San  Rafael  Heights  is  a  portion  of  the  beautiful 
San  Rafael  ranch,  immediately  opposite  the  central  section  of  Pasa- 
dena, and  but  a  stone's  throw  from  some  of  this  famous  residence  city's 
most  elegant  homes.  The  Heights  comprises  a  ridge  extending  paral- 
lel with  the  Arroyo  Seco  and  high  above  this  stream's  wooded  course, 
which  may  be  seen  in  its  winding  way  from  the  mountains  miles  south- 
west. Not  only  is  the  outlook  one  which  takes  in  a  wide  scope  of  coun- 
try north  and  south,  but  the  view  includes  the  entire  San  Gabriel  Valley 
eastward,  bounded  by  the  towering  Sierra  Madre  range,  and  dotted 
thickly  with  orchards,  grain  fields  and  clustering  groups  of  villas  and 
cottages.  Immediately  in  the  foreground  Pasadena  itself  lies  spread  out 
in  view,  with  which  city  the  Heights  is  connected  by  two  convenient 
bridges. 


A   BIT   OF  THE   LAKK   ON   SAN   RAFAEI.   RANCH. 


These  are  the  surroundings  that  appeal  to  the  eye  and  impress  the 
mind  with  a  sense  of  being  in  the  midst  of  an  inspiring  environment. 
At  closer  range  San  Rafael  Heights  meets  all  expectations  from  the 
standpoint  of  the  seeker  for  an  ideal  home  spot.  The  soil  is  rich  ;  the 
water  supply  is  of  the  best ;  the  sizes  of  the  building  tracts  (from  three 
to  twelve  acres  each)  are  such  as  to  afford  room  for  ample  grounds  for 
orchards  and  gardens  ;  and  there  are  congenial  neighbors  to  relieve  any 
sense  of  isolation. 

Nothing  more  charming  for  suburban  residences  may  be  found  in  all 
California.  The  photographs  from  which  the  accompanying  illustra- 
tions were  made  were  taken  on  the  San  Rafael  ranch  in  the  immediate 
vicinity  of  the  Heights,  and  give  glimpses  of  characteristic  scenery. 
The  owners  of  all  this  property  are  gentlemen  who  have  proved  their 
love  for  it  by  building  fine  homes  upon  it,  and  in  the  matter  of  either 
small  or  large  tracts  they  have  enough  left  to  afford  a  considerable  range 
of  choice  as  to  location,  size  and  price.  There  is  nothing  of  a  specula- 
tive character  in  the  sale  of  either  lots  or  acreage  from  the  San  Rafael 
ranch,  but  the  owners  can  spare  some  of  their  holdings  and  are  willing 
to  do  so  upon  a  reasonable  basis.  Their  own  residence,  as  well  as  one 
near  by  lately  completed,  furnishes  the  proof  that  these  building  loca- 
tions leave  nothing  to  be  desired,  while  their  nearness  to  Pasadena  on 
one  side  and  to  thejelectric  cars  at  Garvanza  on  the  other,  place  them 
barely  without  the  pale  of  city  conveniences. 

Those  desiring  further  information  regarding  the  properties  named 
may  obtain  it  by  addressing  the  San  Rafael  Ranch  Co.,  Box  84,  Gar- 


WINERY  AND  I^AKE,  SAN  RAFAEL  RANCH. 


ATIUJA 


§PLEHDIDJ=JuriTING 

AMD"["^pUTp5niNQ 

a,(iOT(lOM' 


LlVEf^.r\lDnEY,5F\iqHT5 
DI)EA5£,J\HEUI1AT15ri^l\ll1 
DISEASE  pERMAnEriTLY 

])uBUCjCLEPHOri^EF^V!CE 


POLLEYSkBuH^^lC^PPfORS 


(KOI  en 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "saw  it  in  the  I^and  of  Sunshinb." 


MARSHUTZ  PATENT" 

AUROCONE 


(TRADE    MARK) 


SPECTACLES 


The  Aurocone  Spectacles  are  the  only 
practical  comfort-giving  Spectacles  on 
the  market.  They  positively  cannot 
hurt  or  bind  the  ears  ;  make  no  marks 
on  the  bridge  of  the  nose ;  having  no 
ear-embracing  wires,  cannot  bend  or 
break.  Absolutely  the  latest,  simplest 
and  best  Once  adjusted  they  are  always 
adjusted.  If  your  dealer  does  not  carry 
Aurocone  goods,  send  us  $1.50  for  Auro- 
cone frames,  steel  nickeled,  or  75c.  for 
one  pair  nickeled  Temples ;  $2  75  for 
best  quality  gold -filled  frames  ;  $6.50  for 
best  quality  solid  gold  frames;  $1.25  for 
best  quality  gold-filled  temples;  $2.50 
for  best  quality  solid  gold  temples. 

PACIFIC  OPTICAL  CO., 

SOLE  AGENTS 

245  S»  Spring  SU,  Los  Angeles^  CaL 


W 


ILL  develop  or  reduce 
any  part  of  the  body 


A  Perfect  Complexion  Beautifier 
and 

Remover  of  Wrinkles 

Dr.John  Wilson  Gibbs' 

THE  ONLY 

Electric  IVIassage  Roller 

(Patented  United  States,   Europe, 
Canada.) 
"  Kb  work  is  not  confined  to  the 
face  alone,  but  will  do  good  to  any 
Trade-Mark  Registered        part  of  the  body  to  which  it  is  ap- 
plied, developing  or  reducing  as  desired.      It  is  a  very  pretty 
addition  to  the  toilet-table."— Chicago  Tribune. 

"This  delicate  Electric  Beautifier  removes  all  facial  blemishes. 
It  is  the  only  positive  remover  of  wrinkles  and  crow's-feet.  It 
never  fails  to  perform  all  that  is  expected." — Chicago  Times- 
Herald. 

"The  Electric  Roller  is  certainly  productive  of   good  results. 
I  believe  it  the  best  of  any  appliances     It  is  safe  and  effective ." 
— Habbiet  Hubbabd  Atib,  New  York  World. 

For  Massage  and  Curative  Purposes 

An  Electric  Roller  in  all  the  term  implies.  The  invention  of  a. 
physician  and  electrician  known  throughout  this  country  and 
Europe.  A  most  perfect  complexion  beautifier  Will  remove 
wrinkles,  "crow's-feet"  ipremature  or  from  age),  and  all  facial 
blemishes— POSITIVE  Whenever  electricity  is  to  be  used  for 
massaging  or  curative  purposes,  it  has  no  equal.  No  charging. 
Will  last  forever  Always  ready  for  use  on  ALL  PARTS  OF  THE 
BODY,  for  all  diseases.  For  Rheumatism,  Sciatica,  Neuralgia, 
Nervous  and  Circulatory  Diseases,  a  specific  The  professional 
standing  of  the  inventor  (you  are  referred  to  the  public  press 
for  the  past  fifteen  years),  with  the  approval  of  this  country 
and  Europe,  is  a  perfect  guarantee.  PRICE  :  Gold,  $4  00 ; 
Silver,  f3  00.  By  mail,  or  at  office  of  Gibbs'Company,  1370 
Bboadwat,  New  Yobk.     Circular  free. 

The  Only  Electric  Roller. 
All  others  so  called  are  Fraudulent  Imitations. 


CHAS.  E.  MARSHALL 

'"^'—  Wood  Mantels 

TII.ES  AND  GRATES 

Tel.  Brown  1821  Correspondence  Solicited 

514  S.  Spring  St.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Copyright.  Copyright. 

"Can  take  a  pound  a  day  off  a  patient,  or  put  it  on." — New 
York  Sun,  Aug.  30,  1891.  Send  for  lecture  on  "Great  Subject  of 
Fat."        NO  DIETING.        NO  HARD  WORK. 

Dr.  John  Wilson  Gibbs'  Obesity  Cure 

For  the  Permanent  Reduction  and  Cure  of  Obesity 

Purely  Vegetable.  Harmless  and  Positive.  NO  FAILURE.  Your 
reduction  is  assured — reduced  to  stay.  One  month's  treatment 
$5.00.  Mail,  or  office,  1370  Broadway,  New  York  "On  obesity, 
Dr.  Gibbs  is  a  recognized  authority. — N.  Y.  Press,  1899." 

REDUCTION  GUARANTEED 

"The  cure  is  based  on  Nature's  laws."— New  York  Herald, 
July  9,  1893. 


^a/^  ^a/^  ^a/^  ta/^   ^a/^   Ca/^   Ca^   ta^   ^a^   ^a^  ^a^  ^aA  Ca/^ 

N.  E.  A.  Souvenirs...  ^ 


OPALS 

DRAWN  WORK 
INDIAN  BASKETS 
BLANKETS 
AND 

MEXICAN  HAND- 
CARVED 
LEATHER  GOODS 


Largest 
riuseum  and 
Curio  Store 
in  the  West 


Campbell's  Curio  Store... 

SPRING  ST.        LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 
_^    >^    vvi    y^     y^     y^     y^     >^     y^     y^     y«^    y^    yv^ 

jM  jM  jM  jM  jM  jM  jM  j^h  jm  jM  jm  jM  j^ 


^^^^s^^^^^s^^^s^^^^^ 


fA 

i 

i 
i 
i 
i 


BRANCHES  TAUGHT: 


Bookkeeping 

Arithmetic 

Grammar 

Common  Law 

Banking 

Business  Practice 
Shorthand 
Typewriting 
Telegraphy 
Assaying 
Penmanship 
Commission 


Higher  Mathematics 
Rapid  Calculations 
Merchandising 
Correspondence     / 
Reading  / 

Spelling 


THE 
OLDEST 


-^ 


■I' 


THE 
LARGEST 


THE 

LEADER 

n  all  that  is  Modern, 
Practical  and  Progressive 
in  the  Business 
Educational  Line. 


i 


Full  Information  and  Illustrated   Cata- 
logue on  Application. 


i 


Educational 

Department, 


Pomona  CoUeKe, 


CLAREMONT 
CAL. 


POMONA  COLLEGE 

Courses  leading  to  degrees  of  B.A.,  B.S..  and 
BX.  Its  degrees  are  recognized  by  University 
of  California.  Stanford  University,  and  all 
the  Kastern  Universities. 

Also  preparatory  School,  6tting  for  all  Col- 
leges, and  a  School  of  Music  of  high  grade. 
Address,  FRANK  T..  FBRGUSON. 

President. 


Occidental  College 

LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 

Three  Courses:     classical,  Literary, 

Scientific,  leading  to  degrees  of  B.  A.,  B.  L.,  and 
B.  S.    Thorough  Preparatory  Department. 

Winter  term  began  January  3, 1899. 

Address  the  President, 

Kev.   Guy  'W.  "Wadswortli. 


GIRLS'  COLLEGIATE  SCHOOL 

1918-2»-24-26 

South  Orand  Avenue 
liOg  Angeles 

A  LICK  K.  PAK80N8,  B.  A., 
fBANNB  W.  DBMNBN, 

I*rincipals. 


CHAFFEY  COLLEGE,  ontan.,  cai. 

Well  endowed.     Most    healthful  location. 

Enter  from  8th  grade. 

Opens  Sept.  29.    $250.00  per  year. 
Elm  Hail,  for  young  ladies,  under  charge  of 

cultured  lady  teachers.    Highest  standards. 
West  Hall,  for  boys,  home  of  family  of  Dean, 

and  gentlemen  teachers. 

Pasadena. 

WISS  OI^TON'S 
Boarding  and  Day  School  for  Qirls 

Certificate  admits  to  Eastern  Colleges 

124  S.  Kuclld  Ave. 

LOS    ANGELES    ACADEMY 

A  Classical  and  English  Military  Boarding  School. 

Sanford  H.  Hooper,  Head  Master. 
t.L.n'JlDV,   I  Associate  Masters. 

Walter  R.  Wheat,  Business  Manager, 

P.  O  Box  193,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


lASELL  SEMINARY  FOR  YOUNG  WOMEN 

AUBURNOALE,   MASS. 

"In  your  walking  and  sitting  so  much  more 
erect  ;  in  your  general  health  ;  in  your  conversa' 
tion ;  in  your  way  of  meeting  people,  and  in  in- 
numerable ways,  I  could  see  the  benefit  you  are 
receiving  from  your  training  and  associations  at 
Lasell.  All  this  you  must  know  is  very  gratifying 
to  me." 

So  a  father  wrote  to  his  daughter  after  her 
Christmas  vacation  at  home.  It  is  unsolicited 
testimony  as  to  Lasell's  success  in  some  im- 
portant lines. 

Those  who  think  the  time  of  their  daughters 
is  worth  more  than  money,  and  in  the  quality  of 
the  conditions  which  are  about  them  during 
school-life  desire  the  very  best  that  the  East  can 
offer,  will  do  well  to  send  for  the  illustrated  cat- 
alogue.  C.  C.  BRAGDON,  Principal. 


N.  G.  Felker 

President 
John  W.  Hood 

Vice-President 
John  W.  Lackey 

Secretary 


226  S.  Sprins:  St.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


An  all  around  Commercial  School  for  both  sexes.    School  in  session  the  entire  year 
any  day.    Write  or  call  tor  catalogue. 


Phone  Green  1848 

Pupils  can  enter 


F.  B.  Silverwood's  gruarantee  g-oes  with  every  article  he  sells. 


n  >i  ■^  r^  n 

B"  5  3  P» 

„.  <i*  "^  C 

O  ^  Si  rt  rt    c/- 


To   Mariposa   Big  Trees. 

The  I^argest  34  feet  in  Diameter.     The  Tallest  378  feet. 


Mausard-OoUier  Eng.  to. 


Photo,  by  Maude. 


On  the  Yosemite  Stage  and  Turnpike  Company's  Route  to  the  Yosemite. 


To  Yoscmitc  Valley 

Education— Rest— strength— Pleasure. 


YOSEMITE    FALLS -254^    FKET. 

Parties  desiring  to  make  this 
famous  trip  should  make  up  their 
itinerary  as  soon  as  possible,  notify- 
ing Yosemite  Passenger  Agent,  261 
South  Spring  street,  I^os  Angeles, 
the  day  they  are  desirous  of  start- 
ing, so  that  stage  seats  can  be 
assigned  to  them.  Rates  given  be- 
low are  for  parties  of  not  less  than 
ten.  Cost  of  this  trip,  Berenda  to 
Yosemite  and  return,  four  days'  trip, 
$41.50  ;  five  days'  trip,|43  00.  Tickets 
will  be  good  from  Berenda,  the 
junction  point  on  the  main  line  of 
the  Southern  Pacific  Company,  to 
the  Yosemite  and  return,  covering 
the  entire  expense  of  trip,  including 
railroad  fare,  meals  and  lodging  en 
route  ;  carriage  drives  to  Mirror 
Ivake  and  Cascade  Drive,  returning 
via  Bridal  Veil  Falls  for  the  beautiful 
rainbow  efi"ects  in  the  evening  ;  sad- 
dle horse  and  guide  to  the  Vernal 
and  Nevada  Falls  and  Glacier  Point, 
and  the  side  trip  to  Mariposa  Big 
Trees  in  coach  from  Wawona. 

These  tickets  are  first-class  in 
every  particular  at  all  eating  houses 
and  hotels. 


Thousands  of  People  from  the  oid 

World  travel  thousands  of  miles  for 
the  sole  purpose  of  visiting  Yosem- 
ite. Now  that  you  can  visit  it  at 
one- tenth  the  effort,  will  you  do  so  ? 

Kalph  TTaldo  Emergen:  It  is  the 

only  spot  I  have  ever  found  that 
came  up  to  the  brag. 

Rev.  J.  O.  Peck:  The  Yosemite 
surpasses  all  description  and  even 
anticipation. 

C.  W.  Kyle  :  Well,  Yosemite  is  a 
strange  spot.  It  contravenes,  chal- 
lenges, defies  and  overshadows  all 
other  works  of  Nature. 

Horace  Greeley  :  Of  the  grand 
sights  I  have  enj  oyed— Rome  from 
the  dome  of  St.  Peters,  the  Alps  from 
the  valley  of  I,ake  Como,  Mont  Blanc 
and  her  glaciers  from  Chamouni, 
Niagara— and  the  Yosemite— I  judge 
the  last  named  the  most  unique  and 
stupendous. 


GLACIER  POINT— 3200  FEET 


For  the  shortest  and  quickest  route  to  the  Yosemite,  call  on  or  address 

THE    YOSEMITE    STAGE     AND     TURNPIKE     CO., 

A.  H.  Washburn,  E.  N.  Baxter, 

613  Market  St.,  San  Francisco.  261  S.  Spring  St.,  Los  Angeles. 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  I^and  of  Sunshine, 


South  Pasadena  Ostpich  Tarm 


The  L.arge8t  in  America.  One  Hundred  Birds  of  all  ages.  Ostrich  nests,  chicks,  yearlings, 
and  old  pairs  in  their  breeding  pens.  An  immense  assortment  of  Feather  Boaf),  Capes,  Tips  and 
Plumes  in  all  styles,  the  finest  grades  at  reasonable  prices.  Goods  sent C. CD.,  with  privilege  of 
examination.    Send  for  price  list.    KDWIN  CAWSTOIV  &  CO.,  Owners. 

"One  of  the  strangest  sights  in  America." — JV.  V.  Journal,  Christmas  number. 

TURKISH  '"grm,  "BA  THS 


25  cents  to  $1.00 

Open  Day  and  Night 

Telephone  Green  427 


210 


SOUTH 
BROADWAY 


Satin  Cerate 


Cleanses  and  beautifies  the 
skin  anrl  creates  a  lovely 
complexion.  Sold  by  the 
Boston  Dry  Goods  Store  and 
all  druggists  in  Los  Angeles 
and  Southern  California 
towns. 


PREPARED    BY 


Mrs,  Weaver-Jackson 

Manufacturer  ot 

Toilet  Luxuries  and  Specialties; 

318  S.  SPRING  ST. 

Wig  Making.    Hair  Store.  Toilet  Parlors. 


Send  for  Booklet  "Comfort  and  Beauty." 


When  answeringr  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  •'  saw  it  in  the  I^and  of  Sunshine. ' 


g^1,(gi^l(V<.-e:' 


i^ii^^'i^^^i^^^i^^^^^^i^^^^^^^ii^^^^^^k. 


SOMETHING  NICE 
IN  BEDS.... 


We  can  meet  the  wants  of  anyone  in  bed-  2} 

room  furniture,  from  Trundle  Beds  to  the  IJil 

swellest  Wood  Sets.     Summer  Bedsteads  i^ 

cool,  airy  and  clean,  in  iron  and  brass,  are  J 

now  just  the  thing.    Our  Carpets,  Furn-  J! 

iTURE,  Curtains,  Rugs,  Ktc  ,  will  impress  m 

you  with  their  lateness  of  styles,  elegance  JJ 

of  construction  and  low  eastern  prices.  ^^ 


■^-'ir^n.2>v>*,<r.\        If  you  cannot  call,  write  us  for  particulars. 


312-314  S.  BROADWAY,  LOS  ANGELES     !f! 
TELEPHONE  MAIN  1215  £ 


Sulphur  Mt.  springs  ~r:".;ri 

S  nia's  beauty  spots.  Accommodations  for  ^ 
^  campers.  Illustrated  circulars  may  be  had  r 
)  from  Hugh  B.  Rice,  agent  for  "Cook's  ) 
(  Tours,"  230  S.  Spring  St  ,  Los  Angeles ;  ( 
^  FisKB  &  Johnston,  707  State  St.,  Santa  Bar-  ? 
bara,  or  by  writing  to  c 

HAWI.EY  &  RICHARDS,  Props  ,         ) 

'     ,Cal.   < 


L 


Santa  Paula,  Ventura  Co. 


We  3Iauufacture  all  kinds  of 


RUBBER  GOODS 


When  you  purchase  and  want 

The  Best  Rubber  Hose 


See  that  Our  Name  is  on  every  leng^th. 
FOR  SAIi£  BY  AT.Ii  DEAI^BRS. 


GOODYEAR  RUBBER  COMPANY 

573,  675,  577,  679   MARKET  STREET 

R.  H.  PEASE,  Vice-Pres.   and  Manager. 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 


HARDWOOD  FLOORING .... 

Parquet— strip— Wood  Carpet— T.  &  G.  Oak 
and   Maple  Flooring.      Oak  floors  laid  and 
polished,  $1  25  per  yard. 
Rinald  Bros.  Porcelain  Enamel  Paint  for  bath  tubs, 
walls  or  wainscoting,  in  all  colors. 

EXCEI.SIOR   FLOOR   POI.TSHING   CO., 

Marshall  &  Jenkins 
Tel.  Green  1611.     430  S.  Broadway,  Los  Angeles. 


m  BITHIi  «T 


Is  superior  to  any  on  the 
Pacific  Coast.  This  ideal 
resort  is  superb  in  all  its 
appointments,  and  is 
reached  only  by  the 

LOSANGEUSMMINAL 
RJlim 
me  PiGiuresmie  line  —  otslinii,  long  beach, 

ALIMIM  BEACH  AND  M  PEDRO 

All  delightful  Ocean  Resorts  within  a  short  ride 
of  South  Pasadena. 

EXCURSION    RATES  EVERY   DAY 

For  detailed  information  call  on  Terminal  Agent. 

S.  B.  Hynbs,  Gen'l  Manager. 
T.  C.  PECK,  Gen'l  Pass.  Agent. 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "saw  it  in  the  Land  of  Sunshine.' 


By  a  great  majority 

Los  Angeles 

Elects  the  Remington  Typewriter 

In  the  22  leading  office  buildings  of 
Los  Angeles  there  are  in  service 

Remingtons,  253   aii  others,  -  -  i44 

53  %  Remington 

There  is  no  answer  to  facts  like  these. 


Wyckoff,  Seamans  &  Benedict, 

147  South  Broadway,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
211  Montgomery  St.,  San  Francisco. 


Electric  Supply  and  Fixture  Co, 

GAS  AND  ELECTRIC  FIXTURES 


THOS.    FOUIvKES 
A    W.  ERODE 


ELECTRIC 
CONTRACTORS 


Dynamos,  Motors,  Telephones,  Electric  and  Gas  Supplies. 
Residences  wired  at  moderate  cost. 


Telephone  Main  83 J     Rowan  &  Kellam  Block,  54 J  S.  Broadway 


Concert  Pftonograpb 

Mr.  Bdison  has  perfected  the  Pbonoffrapb. 
This  is  the  instrument. 


It  perfectly  reproduces  the  human  voice 
—JUST  AS  LOUD— just  as  clear— just  as 
sweet. 

It  duplicates  instrumental  music  with 
pure-toned  brilliance  and  satisfying  in- 
tensity. Used  with  Edison  Concert  Re- 
cords, its  reproduction  is  free  from  all 
mechanical  noises.  Only  the  music  or  the 
voice  is  heard.  It  is  strong  and  vibrant 
enough  to  fill  the  largest  auditorium.  It 
is  smooth  and  broad  enough  for  the  parlor. 

The  highest  type  of  talking  machine 
ever  before  produced  bears  no  comparison 
with  the  Edison  Concert  Phonograph. 
The  price  is  S1S5.  Full  particulars  can 
be  obtained  from  all  dealers  in  Phono- 
graphs, or  by  addressing  The  National 
Phonograph  Co.,  New  York,  asking  for 
Concert  Catalogue  No.  109. 

Six  other  styles  of  Phonographs,  in- 
cluding the  Sdison  Gem,  price  $7.50. 
PETER  BACIGAI^UPI,  933  Market  St., 
San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Pacific  Coast 
Agency  for  National  Phonograph  Co., 
New  York. 

NONE    GENUINE   WITHOUT   THIS 


TRADC 


i^ovu* 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Land  of  Sunshinb.' 


LOS  ANGELES  FURNITURE  CO. 

CARPETS,  RUGS,  CURTAINS 

225-227.229  S.  BROADWAY        Opposite  City  Hall 
LOS  ANQELES,  CAL. 


A  COMFORT  m  HEALTH  OR  SICKNESS 

Our  adjustable  bedside  table  for  use  over  bed-lounge  or  chair,  is  the  most 
convenient  all-around 
piece  of  furniture  ever  in- 
vented— ideal  for  the  sick 
room  and  as  a  reading 
table  with  which  to  hold 
a  book.  The  leaf  can  be 
extended,  raised  or  low- 
ered, or  tilted  to  any 
angle.  Neat  folding  book 
holders  attached  to  each 
side  of  leaf.  It  is  neat, 
simple  and  durable. 

This  Adjustable  Table  with  black  enameled  base, 

leaf,  at  $5.25. 


nickel  standard  and  oak    • 


*^^i'*^U»  li^u»^^^  »  ■^^^U'U*  ■#^t»li^U»  fc^U»¥^^fc»  ii^U»U*^^  »^»trMFfc^  ■  A*;i  m^^^UJi^u"  »^U^ 


a 


SNaps." 


Two  dollar  gold  crowns,  and  five  dollar  sets  of  teeth,  like  j 
two  dollar  watches,  and  five  dollar  suits  of  clothes,  prove  5 
to  be  real  "snappers"  to  those  who  bite  at  such  bait,  i 
Ever  been  snapped  ?  Then  you  know  the  meaning  of  the  « 
word  folly.  | 

Painless  dentistry — Moderate  charges — Warranted  work,  t 


•  m^%^n^^%^^^m.m»^9^*^*^^^^^^^^^'^^^^ii^^^ji^^^if^^'j^'^^it^^^^A^n.ifn.t^^%jmjtm^^^n.^».^*^^^m.^Hi^n,i^Aiim^m^*^n^%^%i^^Kdn.^n^^ 


There  is  more  Catarrh  in  this  section  of  the 
country  than  all  other  diseases  put  together,  and 
until  the  last  few  years  was  supposed  to  be  in- 
curable For  a  great  many  yeais  doctors  pro- 
nounced it  a  local  disease,  and  prescribed  local 
remedies,  and  by  constantly  failing  to  cure  with 
local  treatment,  pronounced  it  incurable.  Sci- 
ence has  proven  catarrh  to  be  a  constitutional 
disease  and,  therefore,  requires  constitutional 
treatment.  Hall's  Catarrh  Cure,  manufactured 
by  F.  J.  Cheney  &  Co.,  Toledo,  Ohio,  is  the  only 
constitutional  cure  on  the  market.  It  is  taken 
internally  in  doses  from  10  drops  to  a  teaspoon- 
ful.  It  acts  directly  on  the  blood  and  mucous 
surfaces  of  the  system.  They  oflFer  one  hundred 
dollars  for  any  case  it  fails  to  cure.  Send  tor 
circulars  and  testimonials.    Address, 

F.  J.  CHENRY  &  CO.,  Toledo,  O. 
AST'Sold  by  Druggists  75c. 


TYPEWRITERS.... 

Sold  on  monthly  payments.  Shipped  any- 
where, C.  O.  D.,  with  privilege  of  examina- 
tion. All  kinds  of  Typewriting  Machines 
Bought,  Sold,  Rented  and  Exchanged.  Rib- 
bons, Carbon,  Stationery. 

Typewriter  Exchange,  319  Wilcox  Bldg, 

Tel.  Black  1608.  Los  Angeles.  Cal. 


[ClJUlIilt^J 


Fortunes  In  STOC&S. 
Shares  S$1.00  a  month. 
Safe  as  a  Bank.  Send  4c 
for  Guide.  A.  H.  wiLfOX  &  CO. 
529  Broadway,  New  Yor^ 


A  Restful 
Vacation 


cannot  be  had  without 
isolation  from  business 
cares  and  the  demands 
of    fashionable    society. 


Bear  Valley  Resort 

lies  out  of  sight  and  hearing  of  the  usual  haunts 
of  men,  among  the"  peaks  of  the  Sierra  Madre, 
6,000  feet  above  the  sea.  Its  quietude  brings 
peace  to  the  mind,  its  park  like  forest  and 
mountain  scenery  expands  the  soul,  while  its 
dry,  temperate  air,  mineral  springs,  hunting, 
fishing  and  outdoor  sports  invigorate  and  build 
up  the  body. 

HOW  TO  GET  THERE  :  The  8  a.  m.  Santa  F6  train  from  Los  Angeles  con- 
nects with  the  Redlands  and  Bear  Valley  stage  at  Mentane  at  10:30  a.  m.  each  Tuesday 
Thursday  and  Saturday,  which  arrives  at  Bear  Valley  at  6  p.  m.  Returning  from 
Bear  Valley,  the  stage  arrives  at  Redlands  each  Monday,  Wednesday  and  Friday  at 
noon,  connecting  with  the  Santa  F6  for  Los  Angeles. 

ACCOMMODATIONS:  At  Gns  Knight's  Resort,  Bear  Valley,  consist  of  fur- 
nished single  and  double  new  log  cabins  and  hotel  apartments,  or  tenting  privileges ; 
a  music  hall,  store,  postofl5ce,  bath  house  with  hot  and  cold  water,  and  first-class  dining 
room  service,  with  fresh  meat,  game,  fish,  milk,  cream  and  butter,  and  all  the  veg- 
etables and  fruits  of  the  season.  Provisions  are  also  sold  lo  campers,  and  saddle 
horses,  vehicles,  guns,  rods  and  tackle  rented.  The  resort  is  provided  with  one  of  the 
best  golf  links  in  Southern  California  and  other  outdoor  amusements. 

KATES  :  Round  trip  tickets  can  be  purchased  for  $5  GO,  or  one  way  for  $3  00,  at 
132  S  Spring  st.,  Los  Angeles,  or  from  the  Santa  P€  ticket  agent  at  Pasadena  or  Red- 
lands.  Toll  for  private  conveyances  is  more  reasonable  than  on  any  similar  mountain 
road.  Board  and  lodging  at  Gus  Knight's  Resort  is  $2.00  a  day  or  |10.00  a  week.  Ex- 
cursion ticket,  good  for  round  trip  from  Mentone  and  one  week's  board,  is  $13.'00. 

It  is  an  ideal  place  for  families,  over-worked 
business  men,  or  the  lovers  of  rod  and  gun. 
Address 

GUS  KNIGHT,  Jr., 

Pine  Lake  P.  O.  Bear  Valley,  California. 


Whtn  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Land  of  Sttmshinb.* 


ILjJEVNE 


WHOLESALE    AND    RETAIL    GROCER 

Extends  a  cordial  invitation  to  all  new  comers  to  visit 

^  The  Largest  and  Host  Elegant  5 


iff 

mi 

Hif 

iXi 
iif 
nil 


Hit 

ill 
208-210  South  Spring  Street  ^^''tt^s  V*^ 


Grocery  in  the  West 

You  will  be  interested  in  our  display  of 

Crystallzed  Fruits,   Select  Raisins,   Nuts,  Olives,  Wines, 
Olive  Oil,  Confectionery,  Etc. 

Just  the  things  to  send  to  your  friends  or  take  back  East  as  a  souvenir  of  this  section. 


XJ^y    YOU  ARE  ALWAYS  SAFE  at  JEVNE'S 


I.OS  ANGEr.ES 


■  g^>  igj  g-  ^'  ^-  gj  ^'  ^'  ^j^ 


)essertf 

For  '■ 
)airity 
>cople 


40  ODOIX^ 
^0  TAS^Tfi- 


with  w»il 


orderJ. 


or  for 


n 


atdmp 


70  RAsr^ 


^*' Taint  nun  too  much  cos  it's  Knoxes.' 

IT'S  NOT  LIKE  PIE 

IT'S   HEAI.THY. 

ndorsed  by  all  users.  That  "  invaluable  little 
eipt  book  "  sent  free  for  2c.  stamp.  Knox's 
irkling,  and  Knox's  Acidulated  Gela- 
«  at  your  grocers,  or  pint  sample,  postpaid,  5c. 
ik  Gelatine  with  every  package. 
C.  B.  KNOX,  Johnstown,  N.  Y. 


To  Cure  a  Cold  in  One  Day- 
Take  Laxative  Bromo  Quinine  Tablets.  All  drug- 
gists refund  the  money  if  it  fails  to  cure.    25c. 
The  genuine  has  L.  B.  Q.  on  each  tablet. 


FOR     MEATS^     FISH.     GRAVIES. 
SOUPS/(fcC..  THIS  SAUCE 
HAS  NO  EQUAL 
Manufactured  and  Bottled  only  by 

GEORGE  WILLIAMS  CO.. 

LOS  Angeles^  Cal. 

If  this  sauce  is  not  satisfactory,  return  it  to  your 
grocer  and  he  will  refund  your  money. 

GioBOB  Williams  Co. 


TM 


c-siV'a»fe^g%^^-^^»4^e^s^8^&C'afe^fr^^»^^ 


THE  PLACE  TO  LIVE.... 

AIvHAMBRA 

Where  is  it  ?    At  the  head  of  the  San 
Gabriel  Valley,  eight  miles  east  of  Los 
Angeles  and  three  miles  sotfth  of  Pasa-  | 
dena.     Call  at  the  office  of 

GAIL  BORDEN 

Room  433  Stimson  Bldg^  Los  Angeles, 
CaL,  and  he  will  tell  yotj  all  abotrt  the 
Garden  Spot  of  the  County. 


mmm\  Bros.  &  Co.,  furnish  best  help.    300  W.  Second  St.    Tel.  Main  509. 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  I,and  of  Sunshinb.' 


HOT   WEATHER   CLOTHES 

We  are  prepared  to  fill  orders  for  every  good  quality  and 
style  of  thin  clothing.  Mail  orders  as  carefully  attended  to  as 
if  you  were  here  in  person.  Waist  measure,  chest  measure, 
and  inside  seam  measure  of  pants  all  that  is  necessary. 

NOTE    PRICES 

Men's  Crash  Suits,  34  to  38  in.,  in  brown,  gray  and  mottled 

effects,  also  white,  at  $4.00,  $5.00  and  $6  00  per  suit.  , 
Men's  CreoIvE  Linen  Suits  at  $8.00  suit. 

(silk  and  linen)  suits,  called  Linenett,  $8.00  suit. 
"        Silkaline  striped  suits,  $8.00  suit. 

Wool.  Crash  Suits,  mixed  colors,  @  $10.00. 
"        D.  B.  Serge  Coats,  silk  faced  (skeleton),  $4.00,  $5.00, 
$6  00,  $8.00  each. 
Men's  S.  B.  Serge  Coats,  blue  and  black  (skeleton),  $3.50, 

$4.00,  $4.50,  $5.00,  $6.00. 
Men 's  BI.UE  AND  BI.ACK  Serge  Suits,  $10.00,  $12.00,  $15.00, 

$18.00  per  suit. 
Men's  Mohair  Dusters  at  $3.00,  $3.50,  and  $4.50.     Linen  at 
$3.00  and  $3.50. 

Men's  White  Duck  Pants  at  $1.25,  $1.50,  $1.75  and  $2.00  pair. 
"  "        FIvAnnei.  Suits,  $12.00.    White  Fi^annei.  Pants,  $3.50. 

MULLEN,  BLUETT  &  CO,,  °^sto^'^' 

N*  W«  Cor*  First  and  Spring  Sts»,  Los  Angeles,  CaL 


Our  Gold  Medal  Wines  commend  themselves  to  those  who 
require  and  appreciate  Pure,  Old  Vintages.  We  are  producers 
in  every  sense  of  the  word,  {owning  large  Vineyards,  Wineries 
and  Distilleries,  located  in  the  San  Gabriel  Valley.  For 
strength-giving  qualities  our  wines  have  no  equal.  Wk  SELL 
NO  Wines  under  Five  Years  Old. 


SPECIAL.  OFFER  •     We  will  deliver  to  any  R.R.  station  in  the 
United  States,  freight  free : 

2  cases  Fine  Assorted  California  Wines,  XXX,  for  $9.00 

Including  one  bottle  1888  Brandy. 
2  cases  Assorted  California  Wines,  XXXX,  for  $11.00 

Including  2  bottles  1888  Brandy  and  1  bottle  Champagne. 

SOUTHERN  CALIFORNIA  WINE  COMPANY 


Tel.  M.  332 


220  W.  FOURTH  ST.       Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Reliable  help  promptly  furnished,    nummel  Bros.  &  Co.    Tel.  Main  509 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  I, and  of  Sunshink.' 


OI.DB8T  AND  LAROBST  BANK  IN  SOrXHERN 
CALIFORNIA. 

Farmers  and  Merchants  Bank 

OP  LOS  ANOBLBS,  CAL. 

Capital  (paid  up)      ■       -      $500,000.00 
Surplus  and  Reserve'         -    925,000.00 

Total       -       -  $1,425,000.00 

0FFICBR8 : 

I.  W.  Hbxxman President 

H.  W.  Hbllman Vice-President 

EtemiT  J.  Flbishman Cashier 

O.  A.  J.  Hbimann Assilstant  Cashier 

DIRSCTORS : 

W.   H.   Pbrry,   C.  B.  Thom,    J.  F.  Francis 

O.W.  CHIX.DS,  I.W.HELLMAN.Jr.,  I.  N.  VanNuTS 
A..  GI.A88BI.I.,  H.  W.  Hbllman,  I.  W.  Hbllman. 
Special  Collection  Department.    Correspond- 
ence Invited.    Safety  Deposit  Boxes  for  rent. 


W.  C.  Patterson President 

W.  GiLLBLEN Vice-President 

W.  D.  Wool  WINE Cashier 

E.  W.  CoE Asst.  Cashier 


Cor.  First  and  Spring  Sts. 

Capital.. $600,000 

Surplus  and  Undivided  Profits 60,000 

This  bank  has  the  best  location  of  any  bank  in 
Los  Angeles.  It  has  the  largest  capital  of  any 
National  Bank  in  Southern  California,  and  is  the 
only  United  States  Depositary  in  Southern  Cali- 
fornia. 


First  National  Bank 

OF  L.OS  ANOBIiSS. 

Largest  National  Bank  in  Sauthern 
California. 


Capital  Stock $400,000 

Surplus  and  Undivided  Profits  over      260,000 

J.  M.  Elliott,  Prest.,  W.G.  Kerckhoff,  V.Pres. 

Frank  A,  Gibson,  Cashier. 

W.  T.  8.  Hammond,  Assistant  Cashier. 


directors: 


J.  M.  ElUott, 
;.  D.  Bicknell. 


J.  D.  Hooker, 
W.  G.  KerckhoflF, 


F.  Q.  Story, 
H.  Jevne, 
J.  C.  Drake. 
All  Departments  of  a  Modem  Banking  Business 
Conducted. 

TO^    t^-t^i^^yc,yt^<^t^vy    LOT- 


Mi 


CORNER  MAIN  AND  SECOND  STREETS 


Officers  and  Directors. 

H.  W.  Hellman,  J.  A.  Graves,  M.  L. 
Fleming,  F.  O.  Johnson,  H.  J.  Fleishman, 
J.   H.    Shankland,  C.  A.   Shaw,   W.    L,.     <g 
Graves.  J 

J.  F.  Sartori,  President  <§ 

Maurice  S.  Hellman,  Vice-Pres. 

W.  D.  lyONGYBAR,  Cashier      A 
Interest  Paid  on  Ordinary  and  Term  Deposits     ] 


fCp^SS  Investors...  * 


6 


% 


^ 


/y 


You  can  find  nothing  better.  $ 

Our  6  per  cent.  "Coupon  Bonds"  W 

and  7  per  cent.  "  Paid-up  Income  Stock"  are  <* 

Safe,  Profitable,  Standard  Investments.  ^ 

**  Safe  as  Government  Bonds."  $ 


i 


The  Coupon  Bonds  run  for  five  years  on  a  6  per  cent 
basis.    The  coupons  are  payable  six  months  apart. 

The  Paid-up  Income  Stock  runs  for  one  or  three  years 
on  a  basis  of  7  per  cent. 

The  above  investments  are  secured  by 

First  Mortgage  (held  in  escrow  by  trustee),    Fire  Insurance  (upon  improvements), 
Life  Insurance  (upon  the  borrower's  life). 


$ 


I  The  Protective  Savings  Mutual  Building  and  Loan  Association  $ 

^  N.  W.  cor.  First  and  Broadway,  Los  Angeles,  Cat.  ^ 


$ 


Title  Insurance  and  Trust  Co.,  Trustee.  ^ 


Pedigreed  Belgian  Hares 


n 


If 


A  profitable  and  pleasurable  business  and  one  easily  conducted  by  old  or 
young  is  assured  by  the  Belgian  Hare.  A  ready  market  can  always  be  found 
among  those  desirous  of  establishing  choice  herds,  while  its  flesh  is  in 
great  demand.  A  trio  of  Belgian  Hares  is  as  good  as  a  gold  mine,  and  the 
investment  multiplies  itself  faster  than  a  like  amount  invested  in  any  other 
way.     Call  on  or  write  to 

A.   SCHNELL,   424  N.  Beaudry  Ave.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.  \ 


F.  B,  3i|verwood  carries  tiie  largest  stoclc  of  Neckwear  in  Los  Angeles. 


WbeB  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  '*  saw  it  in  the  I.Ain>  op  StnfSHiHB.' 


41 

M 

■^^iyy^Hg- '  ''y^'*''y<B*^|«jiit>«»i<.^i  ii||-iiiii Liiiiii^ 

i^q 

WHEN  YOU  VISIT     ' 

SAN    DIEGO 

REMEMBER   .  .  .! 


♦  TH] 


ROOMS 

11.00  Par   Day 

AND   UP 


American  and  European  Plan.  Centrally 
located,  ^levators  and  fire  escapes.  Baths, 
hot  and  cold  water  in  all  suites.  Modem 
conveniences.  Fine  large  sample  rooms  for 
commercial  travelers. 
Cafe  and  Grille  Room  open  all  hours. 

J.  E.  O'BRIEN.  Prop. 


^^^5 

TF— 

i 

1 

^^^ 

J 

1 

^Bh 

OLD    MEXICO    AND    RETURN    IN    A    DAY 

Through  Grange  and  I,emon  Groves, 
reached  only  by  the 

National  City  and  Otay  Railway 

lycaving  foot  6th  st.,  San  Diego,  at 9:30  a  m. 

ROUND   TRIP  50c. 

Grand  Mexican  Fiesta  week  at  Tia 
Juana,  July  17th  to  23rd.  Mexican  games, 
races  and  spoits,  wierd  dances  and  games 
by  native  Indians,  bronco  riding  by  noted 
vaqueros,  Mexican  meals  and  other  at- 
tractions peculiar  to  the  country. 

Fine  Mexican  Bands  in  Attend- 
ance. Rare  opportunities  aflforded  ama- 
teur photographers  to  add  to  their  collec- 
tions views  of  the  old  and  new  Custom 
House,  the  old  Spanish  Chapel,  groups  of 
Indians  and  natives  in  fiesta  attire,  the 
Boundary  Monument  marking  the  line  between  the  United  States  and  Mexico,  and  other  points  of 
interest.  Beautiful  onyx,  quaint  Mexican  curios  and  cigars  can  be  purchased  there  at  reasonable 
prices.  To  Americans  a  novel  and  interesting  custom  is  to  write  a  postal  card  to  friends  in  the  United 
States,  and  have  their  handkerchief  stamped  by  an  official  as  a  souvenir  of  the  republic.  Ample  facilities 
and  writing  material  for  all.  A  representative  of  the  President  of  the  Republic,  vdth  other  prominent 
government  and  educational  officials  will  be  present. 

SPECIAI.    NATIONAIi    EDUCATION Ali    ASSOCIATION    DAYS— July  17,  18  and  19— 

during  which  time  the  new  school  house  will  be  dedicated  and  a  typical  Mexican  school  conducted,  in 

itself  an  attraction  and  nov- 
eltv  to  American  teachers. 

Fare  Round  Trip  on 
all  trains  of  17,  18  and  19, 
from  San  Diego  to  Tia  Juana 
(American  side,  but  short 
walk  to  Mexican  line),  50c. 

Frequent  and  ample- train 
service.  Special  rates,  in- 
cluding free  'bus,  on  other 
days. 

For  further  informa- 
tion apply  at  Teachers' 
Headquarters,  all  hotel  and 
railway  offices  in  San  Diego, 
or  at  Station,  foot  6th  St 


E. 


A.  HORNBECK. 

Superintendent 


F.  B.  Silverwood's  bigr  store  is  at  124  South  Spring  St. 


When  answering:  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "saw  It  In  the  Land  of  Sunssikb/* 

A  Different  California 

Some  of  your  ideas  of  California  may  be  wrong.  Especially  you  may  not  know  that  in  Fresno 
and  Kmgs  Counties  may  be  found  some  of  the  best  land  in  the  State  on  Laguna  de  Tache  grant 
lately  put  on  the  market  in  len-acre  tracts,  or  larger,  at  $35.00  per  acre,  including  perpetual  water 
right,  at  62>^  cents  per  acre  annual  rental,  the  clieapest  water  in  California.  Send  your  name 
and  address  and  receive  the  local  newspaper  free  for  two  months,  that  will  give  you  reliable  iniorma- 

**°'*-  Address :  NARES  &  SAUNDERS, 

1840  Mariposa  Street,  Fresno,  Cal. 

A  MOUNTAIN  RESORT"^*^"^*^^^^^^*^\ 

«t  STRAWBERRY  VALLEY   m 

j^  Thp    K^PPn     Hnil^P    ^^®  *^^  reputation  of  a  most  excellent  and  courteous  ser-  j» 

5  *  **^     I'v^wii     iivfu^^    vice.    Its  customers  always  come  again.     It  is  under  the  L 

Jf  same  excellent  management  as  it  has  been  for  the  past  seven  seasons.    Its  first-class  « 

2  table,  good  beds,  home  comforts  and  pure  mountain  water  are  most  welcome  adiuncts  to  « 

yj  vigorous  mountain  climbing,  healthful  ozone  and  grand  forest  and  mountain  scenery.  j^ 

"iH  I  fx^a-Hrx-t    It  li^s  in  the  heart  of  the  mountains,  half  a  day's  journey  by  stage  from  Hemet,  <ft. 

iii  LOCailOn    6ooo  feet  above  sea  level.  if 

i^  How  to  Get  There.     Take  train  to  Hemet  or  San  Jacinto,  from  which  points  the  stage  if* 

liii  leaves  for  Strawberry  Valley  every  day,  except  Sunday.  (fi 

Vli  Rates.    The  round  trip  by  stage  (with  hand  baggage)  is  $3  oo.     Meals  at  the  Keen  House  <fi 

ill  per  day  are  $100,  board  and  lodging  per  day  $1.50,  or  by  the  week  from  |8.oo  to  $9.00.  ffi 

j^  Address:            MRS.  J.  M.  KEEN,  Proprietor  Keen  House,  jj 

|£  Strawberry  Valley,  Riverside  Co.,  Cal.  >^ 

Seven  Oaks  Mountain  Resort 

Situated  on  the  banks  of  the  Santa  Ana  river  and  on  the  northern  slope  of  San 
Bernardino  mountains.  It  is  easily  reached  from  Los  Angeles  in  one  day,  and  is  a 
delightful  trip.  Fare  from  Redlands  by  stage  and  saddle  horse,  $2.50.  Rates,  $2.00 
per  day,  or  $10,  $12  or  $14  per  week.  Entirely  new  management  and  everything 
first-class.  Table  unsurpassed.  Seven  Oaks  is  already  famous  for  the  loveliness  of 
its  situation,  embracing  magnificent  views  of  mountain  and  stream.  Excellent  fish- 
ing and  shooting  when  in  season.  Elevation  4800  feet.  Daily  mail  and  telephone. 
For  further  particulars  and  illustrated  souvenir  apply  to 

LE  BAS  &  PROCTOR  (the  proprietors) 

Seven  Oaks,  Redlands,  Cal. 

Bundu's  Elslnor6  m  SDrlnos  and  Hoi6l.... 

Bundy's  Hot  Sulphur  and 
Mineral  Water  Springs  at 
:Elsinore,  Riverside  county, 
California,  stand  unrivaled  m 
or  out  of  California  for  their 
curative  qualities  to  a  wide 
ransre  of  diseases  caused 
through  impure  condition  ol 
the  blood.  Prominently  so  in 
cases  of  Rheumatism,  Kidney, 
Bladder  and  chronic  diseases 
of  the  skin.  Bundy's  Hot 
Springs  possess  these  superior 
curative  qualities  because  the 
water  runs  directlyJfrom^theaorrj-maZ  source  in  the  adjacent  mountains  into  the  Bath-house  tubs  and 
drinking  fountains,  thereby  retaining  all  the  natural  heat  (112°)  and  curative  mineral  solutions  and 
gases,  forjextemal  and  internal  uses.  Bundy's  Springs  are  the  only  ones  in  Elsinore  so  situated. 
Springs  whose  waters  are  pumped  into  tanks  consequently  lose  the  natural  gases  so  essential  to 
perfect  cure,  hence  Bundy's  Springs  are  not  for  'relief"  only.but  for  complete  cure.  Analysis  of 
Bundy's  HotjSprings  water  mailed  on  application.  Owning  the  springs,  I  am  able  to  offer  rates  within 
reach  of  poor  and  rich  alike,  including  first-class  accommodations.  Modern  cottages  with  pleasant, 
sunny  rooms.  Guests  at  Bundy's  Hotel  use  baths  free  of  charge.  The  climate  at  Elsinore  is  warm, 
winter  and  summer,  with  cool  nights.  For  complete  information  address  E.  Z.  BUNDY,  Elsinore, 
Rivergide  County,  California. 


If  you  want  a  present  for  a  gentleman,  write  F.  B.  Silverwood. 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Land  op  SmvSBiHB.' 


F.  J.  Ganahl  Lumber  Co., 


©V 


Doors,  Sash, 

Blinds 

and  other 

Building  Material 


EAST  LOS  ANGELES  LUMBER 
YARD 


A® 


Dealer  in 


LUMBER 


Lath,  Shingles, 
Etc. 


PASADENA  AVENUE  AND  AVENUE  19 

Telephone  East  8J  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


THE  AHERN  TRACT  IS  THE  CREAM  Vnc'^^M'JVkWf?  I."It".5S^  *"" 

Don't  fail  to  see  this  superb  property  before  you  buy.    Glorious  scenery  of  the  foothills,  Santa  Monica 
and  Sierra  Ma- 
dre  Mountains; 
richest  of  soil, 
purest  of 
mountain 
water  piped 
through  the 
tract,  graded 
and  beautifully 
improved 
streets,  cement 
sidewalks,  re- 
finedneighbor- 
hood  ;  class  of 
buildings  re- 
stricted to  cost 
not  less  than 
$^,500. 

Some  Thirty-Eighth  Street  Residences  in  Ahern  Tract. 
Twenty-three  new  residences  have  been  built  on  this  tract  within  the  past  six  months.    Traction 
electric  car  line  within  a  minute's  walk.      W.  J.  AHEBN  (Owner),  Real  Estate,  Insurance 
and-  lioang.     3215  Termont  Avenue.  liOS  Angeles. 


PRESS  or 


123 

SBroaduiay 

los^nqeles, 

Cal. 


Telephone 

Main  4  1  7 


PKINTERvS  «•?   BlNDER.5  TO  TME 

Land  or  5un.5Mjne 


Help— All  Kinds.    See  Hummel  Bros.  &  Co.    300  W.  Second  St.    Tel.  Main  509 


When  answering  advertisements,  pleage  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  I,and  of  Sunshine. 


Twro  w^ay s .. 


FOOT    ADORNMENT 

We  can  call  these  shoes  by  no  name  which  would 
suit  as  well.  Each  pair  haslthat  stamp  of  style 
which  has  hitherto  been  found  only  in  very  ex- 
pensive goods.  And  we  know  the  quality  is  such 
as  will  endear  them  to  those  who  expect  value 
for  their  money. 

BLANEY'S 

352  South  Spring,  near  Cor.  Fourth  St. 

RING  UP  MAIN  940. 

Merchants  Parcel  Delivery  Co. 

C.  H.  FINLEY,  Manager. 

Parcels  10c. ,  Trunks  25c.     Special  rates  to  mer- 
chants.    We  make  a  feature  of  "  Specials"  and 
Shipping.    OflBce  hours  7:30   a.  m.    to   6  p.  m. 
Saturdays  to  10  p.  m.    Agents  for  By  thin  ia. 
No.  Ill  Court  Street,  Z.oa  Angeles,  Cal. 


iVzjs^  V.^z.js^r.rtz-s^  V.V  s^zs^tjs'^t^,^  sfiz^^. 


photographic 
j^aterial 


Our  stock  is  complete,  and  we 
have  a  special  department  for 
finishing  amateurs'  work. 

DEWEY  BROS., 

Wholesale  and  Retail  Dealers, 
109  W.  Second  St. ,  IvOS  Angeles.Cal. 
-H  Tel.  Green  1784. 


^^^srz^-^z^  z^^z^-z^ 


Green  1784.  g> 


OPALS 


75,000 

Genuine 
Mexican 

OPALS 

For  sale  at  less  than  half  price.   We  want  an  agent  in 
every  town  and  city  in  the  U.  S.  Send  35c.  for  sample 
opal  worth  $2.    Good  agents  make  $10  a  day. 
Mexican  Opal  Co.,  607  Frost  Bldg.,  Los  Angeles,  CaL 
Bank  reference,  State  Loan  and  Tnist  Co. 


NOT    OUK    WAY. 


The  City  Council 
of  Los  Angeles  re- 
cently passed  an 
ordinance  prohib- 
iting the  sprink- 
ling of  cl  ot  h  e  s 
prally  by  laundries 
and  Chinese  laun- 
dries have  peti- 
tioned for  10  days' 
grace  in  which  to 
adjust  themselves 
to  modern  cus- 
toms. 


e^ 


Every  department  of  our  service  is 
modern,  reasonable  and  safe. 

We  have  facilities  for  doing  family 
washing  separately. 

We  have  patented  the  only  machine 
which  insures 

No=Saw=Edge 
On  Collars  and  Cuffs 

We  also  produce  the  least  destructive 
and  most  artistic  polish  to  linen. 

The  safest  and  best  is  cheapest. 

Empire  Steam  Laundry 

Telephone  Main  635 

149  South  Main  Street 
Los  Angeles 


'Barker  bR^nd-' 

LiREncnUars  &  Cuffs  f//^- 
f*H2«^WESTT^OY.  NY.  '*2Z^' 

SACHS    BROS  &  CO. 

San    Franpisoo    Coast    Agents 


>  •  F.  B.  Silverwood's  best  Hats  are  $3;  regular  $5  qualities. 


The  riacmillan  Company's 
New  Books 


NEW  SUMMER  NOVELS 
Richard  Carvel 

By  Winston  ChurchiIvL.  Just 
Ready.  Cloth,  $1.50.  Author 
of  "The  Cei^kbrity."  With 
eight  full-page  illustrations  by 
Malcolm  Fraser. 

First  edition  exhausted  by  advance  orders 
a  week  before  the  date  set  for  issue. 

"  Pure  romance  of  the  most  captivating  and 
alluring  kind.  '—Boston  Herald. 

The  Celebrity 

By  Winston  Chukchii^l.  An  Epi- 
sode.    8th  Edition.     $1.50. 

*'  A  downright  good  story,  fresh  in  both  plot 
and  style  .  .  .  entertaining  from  beginning  to 
end."  — ZAtf  Independent. 

Jesus  Delaney 

By  Joseph  Gordon  Donnei.i.y. 

$1.50. 

"Striking,  clever  characterizations  of  novel 
types ;  there  is  no  lack  of  entertaining,  absorb- 
ing incident." 

The  Short  Line  War 

By  Merwin- Webster.    $1.50. 

A  vivid  story  of  an  attempt  to  "capture  "a 
small  railroad  by  a  big  one  ;  prevented  by  its 
keen,  energetic,  and  resourceful  President. 

Hugh  Qwyeth 

A  Roundhead  Cavalier.  By  Beui^ah 
Marie  Dix.    $1.50. 

"A  capital  historical  romance."— TA^  Outlook. 
"  The  story  is  valuable."— Ltterature. 

The  Maternity  of  Harriott  Wicken 

By  Mrs.  Henry  Dudeney.     $1.50. 

"An  absorbing,  tense,  relentless  novel,  .  .  . 
tragic  beyond  the  wont  of  tTagedy."-Philadelpkta 
Press. 

Men's  Tragedies 

By  R.  V.  RiSi^EY.     $1.50. 

Realistic  stories  of  crises  in  men's  lives,  but  the 
realisms  of  strong  men  of  high  ideals. 

Rose  of  Dutcher*s  Coolly 

By  HamIvIN  Garland.  Revised  Edi- 
tion.    $1.50. 

"  It  is  beyond  all  manner  of  doubt  one  of  the 
most  powerful  novels  of  recent  years."—  The  New 
Age. 


TRAVEL,  DESCRIPTION,  ETC. 

Letters  from  Japan 

By  Mrs.   Hugh  Fraser,  author  of 
"Palladia,"   etc.     2   vols.,    8vo, 
$7  50.     A  record  of  modern  life 
in  the  Island  Empire.   Superbly 
illustrated  from  original  Japan- 
ese drawings  and   photographs 
"  Really  charming  pen-pictures  .  .  .  diversified 
by  delightful  character  sketches." — Boston  Even- 
ing Transcript 

The  Philippines  and  Round  About 

By  Maj.  G.  J-  YodnghuSband. 

Cloth,  $2.50  An  up-to-date  ac- 
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of  the  past  year,  by  the  author  . 
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Japan,  Ceylon,  etc.  An  admirable 
complement  to  Professor  Wor- 
cester's book. 
"  Interesting  and  valuable." — Independent. 

The  Philippine  Islands  and  Their 
People 

A  record  of  personal  observation  and  experience 
with  summary  of  the  history  of  the  Archipelago. 

By  Dean  C.  Worcester,  Member 
of  the  Philippine  Commission. 

5th  Edition.     $4.00.. 

"Should  be  read  by  every  American."— £?/««- 
ing  Bulletin,  Philadelphia. 

The  flaking  of  Hawaii 

By  Prof.  Wii^WAM  Fremont  Black- 
man,   Yale  University.     Cloth, 
$2.00. 
A  sober  and  comprehensive  discussion  of  the 
forces  developing  the  islands. 

The  Trail  of  the  Gold  Seeker 

By   Hamlin    Garland,    author    of 
"Main  Travelled  Roads,"    etc. 

Nearly  Ready.     $1.50. 
Sketches  in  prose  and  verse,  the  literary  results 
of  the  author's  recent  tramp  overland  to  the  gold 
fields. 

The  Statesman's  Year  Book 

American  Edition,  1899.     Statistical 
and   Historical   Annual    of   the 
States  of  the  World  for  the  Year 
1898.      Carroll   D.    Wright, 
Editor.     36th   Annual   Publica- 
tion.    $3.00  net. 
"  stands  easily  fir.st  among  the  statistical  an- 
nuals  published    in    the    English  language."— 
Review  of  Reviews. 


The  riacmillan  Company,  Publishers 

New  York 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  '  saw  it  in  the  Lamd  of  SVMSBiifBi" 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  L,avj>  op  Sunshuvb.' 


OUR  PREMIUM  OFFER 


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AND 

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Through  a  special  arrangement  with  the  publishers,  we  are  enabled  to  offer 
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The  magazine  numbers  among  its  staff  the  leaders  in  literature  of  the  West, 
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The  bound  volumes  of  the  Land  of  Sunshine  make  the  most  interesting  and 
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some, the  text  is  of  a  high  literary  standard,  and  of  recognized  authority  in  its  field. 
There  is  nothing  else  like  this  magazine.  Among  the  thousands  of  publications  in 
the  United  States,  it  is  wholly  unique.  Every  educated  Californian  and  Westerner 
should  have  these  charming  volumes.  They  will  not  long  be  secured  at  the  present 
rates,  for  back  numbers  are  growing  more  and  more  scarce  ;  in  fact  the  June  num- 
ber, 1894,  is  already  out  of  the  market. 

Vols.  1  and  2— July  '94  to  May  '95,  inc.,  gen.  half  morocco,  $3.90,  plain  leather,  $3.30 
"     3  and  4— June '95  to  May '96,     "         "       «♦ 
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The  Land  of  Sunshine  Publishing  Co., 

501  Stimson  Building,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


F.  B.  Silverwood's  best  Hats  are  $3 ;  regular  $5  qualities. 


2.85, 

*' 

<« 

2.25 

3.60, 

fi 

<( 

3.00 

2.85, 

<( 

i' 

2.25 

2.70, 

<< 

t( 

2.10 

When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "saw  it  in  the  IyA.KD  0»  StTMftHiKB." 


SEE    NEXT    PAGE 


Life 
Income  Investments 


BEARING 

CALIFORNIA  ALMOND 

ORCHARDS 

In  the  South  Antelope  Valley,  the  Greatest  Almond 
District  in  the  World,  on  the 

Insurance 'Annuity  Plan 

Safest  and  Most  Remunerative  Proposition  Ever  Devised.    Cash  or  Time 

Payments.    No  Interest.    Perpetual  Income  Assured  to  Investor 

if  He  Lives,  to  His  Family  if  He  Dies. 

DEATH    OF   INVESTOR 

Cancels  all  unmatured  payments,  beneficiary  secures  bearing  five-year-old  almond  orchard  and 
income  from  same  fiee  and  clear,  also  $250.00  to  $1,200.00  a  year  in  cash,  and  $1,000.00  to  $5,000.00 
residence  erected  on  the  property,  or  one-half  the  cost  of  residence  in  cash.  Death  of  investor  with- 
out other  estate  or  insurance  leaves  beneficiary  amply  provided  for  for  life.  Property  deeded  in  trust 
at  the  outset  to  the 

STATE    BANK    AND    TRUST    COMPANY 

Of  lios  Angeles,    Paid-up  Capital  »500,000.00 

Cash  Benefits  Guaranteed  by  the  TRAVELERS  INSURANCE  CO. 

Of  Hartford,  Conn.,  and  other  old  line  companies. 

TWO   PLANS. 

Sale  of  Individual  Orchards.    Sale  of  Undivided   Interest  in  the  American 
Almond  Grower's  Association, 

Requiring  no  personal  attention  now  or  in  the  future.    Will  pay  60  per  cent  net  profit 
per  annum,  based  upon  the  last 

United  States  Census  Report  as  reproduced  herewith  


Nuts  and 
Citrus  Fruit 

Acre- 
age 

Yield 
per 
Acre 

Total 
Yield 

SelUng 
Price 

Value 

Yield 
per 
Acre 

Land 
Value 
(b)(c) 

Almond 

Fig  (a) 

6,098.00 
1.274.00 
3,834.00 
3,237.00 
13  096  50 

pounds 
2,601 

8,784 

3,600 

2,984 
boxes 

96 

pounds 
15,251,078 

11,190,816 

13,802,400 

9,659,208 
boxes 
1,246,047 

per  lb. 
0.1000 

0.0233 

0.0900 

0.0400 
per  box 

1  8200 

1,625,109.80 
298,421.76 

1,242,216.00 
386,368.32 

2,271,616.30 

250.00 
204.66 
324.00 
119.36 
172  90 

95.00 
110.50 

Madeira  Nut.... 

OUve 

Orange 

111.43 
56.83 
186  00 

112  page  illustrated  book,  rate  tables  on  2^  to  80  acres  from  age  26  to  65,  association  plan  where 
$1.26  a  month  will  receive  same  proportionate  profit  as  larger  investments,  free  on  application. 

Alpine  Springs  Land  and  Water  Company 

1115  Stock  Exchange  Building,  2$S0  Henne  Building, 

IDS  LaSalle  Street, ^  Chicago.  3d  St.  near  Spring,  .Iios  Angeles. 

Lands,  Orchards  and  Town  Sites  at 
Tierra  Bonita,  Palmdale  and  Little  Rock,  Los  Angeles  Co.,  California. 

Nummel  Bros.  &  Co.,  Employment  Aoents,  300  W.  Second  St    Tel.  Main  509 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mcuaon  that  you  "  saw  t  in  the  Land  op  Sunshinb,' 


SEE    OPPOSITE    PAGE 

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F.  B.  3ilverwood  sells  Hats  at  $1,  $1.50,  $2,  $2.50  and  $3,  fully  guaranteed. 


MOUNT   LOWE   RAILWAY 

Grandest  of  all  Mountain  Railway  Rides  — Magnificent  Panorama 
«  of  Earth,  Ocean  and  Islands. 

RUBIO  CANYON,  3300  feet  above  sea  level. 

ECHO  MOUNTAIN,  3500  feet  above  sea  level. 

YE  AliPINB  TAVERN,  5000  feet  above  sea  level. 

SUMMIT  OF  MOUNT  I^OWE  6100  feet  above  sea  level. 


Echo 

Mountain 

House 


Situated  on  the  crest  of  Echo 
Mountain,  commanding  a 
magnificent  view  of  Moun- 
tains, Canyons,  Valleys,  Ocean 
and  Islands.  Undoubtedly  the 
finest  and  best  equipped 
Mountain  Hotel  in  the  world. 
Elegantly  furnished  apart- 
ments, rooms  single  or  en 
suite,  with  or  without  baths, 
lighted  by  gas  and  electricity. 


WORIiD'S  FAIR  SEARCH  I^IGHT. 
OBSERVATORY    WITH   LARGE   TEIiESCOPE    located    at    Ecbo   Mountain.     Open 

Evenings  to  Guests,  Free. 

Ye 

Alpine 
Tavern 

Among  the  giant  pines 
in  the  heart  of  the  Sierra 
Madre  Mountains.  The 
Tavern  is  absolutely  the 
most  unique,  perfect  and 
complete  mountain  re- 
sort in  Southern  Califor- 
nia. In  addition  to  the 
apartments  in  the  Tav- 
ern, there  are  a  large 
number  of  auxiliary 
tent-houses  located  in 
the  shade  in  the  im- 
mediate vicinity  of  the 
Tavern.  The  accom- 
modations are  complete 
and  first-class  in  every 
respect.  Cuisine  imex- 
celled. 

Hotel  Rates  913.50  and  upwards  per  week.      Special    rates   by  the  month  or  season. 
Special  ticket  rates  for  g^icsts  remaining  one  week  or  longer. 

U.  S.  Postoffice  (mails  daily),  Western  Union  Telegraph  and  Telephone  service  at  hotels. 

For  tickets  and  tuU  information,  call  on  or  address 
CliARENCE  A.  WARNER,  Traffic  and  Excursion  Agent, 

314  South  Spring  St.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.    Telephone  Main  960. 
J.  S.  TORRANCE,  Gen'l  Manager,  Echo  Mountain,  Cal. 


Httmmei  Bros,  k  Co.,  ''Help  Center."    300  W.  Second 


Tel.  Main  509 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Laitd  of  Sumshiwb.* 


Grand  Canon  of  Arizona 

Two  Hundred  Miles  Long,  Over  a  Mile  Deep,  and 
Painted  Like  a  Flower. 

Reached  Only  by 

the  Santa  Fe  Route 

stage  Leaves  Flagstaff  Mondays,  Wednesdays  and  Fridays. 
Returning,  Arrives  at  Flagstaff  Tuesdays,  Thursdays  and  Saturdays, 


ALTA  VISTA. 


Copyright,  1898,  by  Oliver  Lippincott. 


SIX-HORSE  STAGES  MAKE  THE  TRIP  IN  TEN  HOURS 

Excursion  Rates 

from  all  points  on  the  Santa  Fe  Route 

To  Holders  of  N.  E.  A.  Tickets 

•30,00  for  the  round  trip  from  Los  Angeles,  or  $10.00  from  Flagstaff 
to  the  Canon  and  return. 

JNO.  J.  BYRNE,  General  Passenger  Agent,  Los  Angeles 


F.  B.  Silverwood's  is  the  Largest  Hat  and  Furnishing  Store  in  Los  Angeles. 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Land  of  Sumshiitb.' 


AN  Education 

is  secured  by  traveling 

East  or  West 

Via  nrf  O  J_  (  SUNSET    ROUTE 

-oft^e   ihree  Routes   { g^Sf^A  I8fl?i 

of  the 

Southern  Pacific  Company 

Through  mountain   gorge  or   across  level  plain  within  sight 
of  many  historic  and  wonderful  beauties^ 

PERSONALLY  CONDUCTED  TOURIST  EXCURSIONS* 

G.'^.W.  LUCE,  Ass't  Gen.  Frt.  and  Pass.  Agt* 

LOS  ANGELES  TICKET  OFFICE,  261  S.  SPRING  ST. 

I  to  visit  the  J 

\  Largest  Southern  California  Wine  Plant  \ 
\  N.  E.  A. 

i  While  in  Los  Angeles  you  should  secure   an  education   concerning  ? 

5  California  Wines.     We  are  the  largest  producers  in  this  section,  and  I 

5  we  invite  you   to  visit  our  vaults  and  plant.     Free  Samples  will  be  ? 

S  drawn  for  you  from  casks  of  35,000  gals,  capacity  down,  so  that  you  may  l 

I  intelligently  choose  varieties  in  original  packages  from  car  loads  down  to  J 

5  cases  and  quarts  to  send  to  your  home  or  friends  as  souvenirs  from  the  » 

\  greatest  wine  producing  State.     As  we  make  all  our  own  wines,  our  guar-  j 

I  antee  of  Absolute  Purity  amounts  to  something.     The  gold,  silver  and  j 

5  bronze  medals  awarded  our  wines  at  the  Omaha  Exposition  also  stand  for  i 

-  a  good  deal.     How  to  find  the  place  :  Take  traction  street  cars  to  the  * 

I  office  and  vaults  at  3rd  and  Alameda,  from  which  the  Winery  is  but  a  few  i 

5  minutes'  walk.  C 

\  SECONDO  QUASTI  \ 

}      Telephone  flain  810  Los  Angeles,  Cal.       5 

iT'^rfm^R*^  inu^*^i^ir«  ifR*^rf^«^  rf^rf^jT*^"  tf^Mm^RB-'*  ttKd^^A^n.  M<t'J^9Jf^lnl.  ^■^^n*^*'*  »«T<jOUi«jr«  ^n^K^Kif*  ■^«^u^*'«  ^'^'^k^'.  ^n^i^^n^n. 

tlammel  Bros.  4  Co.  furnish  iiest  help.    300  W.  Second  St    Tel.  Main  509 


When  answering:  Advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Lahd  or  Sunshikb." 


The  company's  elegant  steamers  SANTA  ROSA 
and  CORONA  leave  REDONDO  at  11  a.  m.,  and 
PORT  LOS  ANGEI«ES  at  2:30  p.  m.,  for  San 
Francisco  via  Santa  Barbara  and  Port  Harford, 
July  1,  5,  9,  13,  17,  21,  25,  29,  Aug.  2,  and  every 
fourth  day  thereafter, 

Leave  PORT  LOS  ANGELES  at  5:45  a.  m.,  and 
REDONDO  at  10:45  a.  m..  for  San  Diego,  July 
3,  7, 11, 15, 19,  23,  27,  31,  Aug.  4,  and  every  fourth 
day  thereafter. 

Cars  connect  via  Redondo  leave  Santa  P6  dex>ot 
at  9:56  a.  m.,  or  from  Redondo  railway  depot  at 
9:30  a.  m.  Cars  connect  via  Port  Los  Angeles 
leave  S.  P.  R.  R-  depot  at  1:35  p.  m.,  for  steamers 
north  bound. 

The  steamers  COOS  BAY  and  BONITA  leave 
SAN  PEDRO  for  San  Francisco  via  East  San 
Pedro,  Ventura,  Carpenteria,SantaBarbara,Galeta, 
Gaviota,  Port  Harford,  Cayucos,  San  Simeon, 
Monterey,  and  Santa  Cruz,  at  6  p.  m.,  July  2, 
6, 10, 14,  18,  22,  26,  30,  Aug.  3,  and  every  fourth 
day  thereafter. 

Cars  connect  with  steamers  via  San  Pedro  leave 
S.  P.  R.R.  (Arcade  depot)  at  5.-03  p.  m.,  and 
Terminal  railway  depot  at  5:15  p.m.  For  further 
information  obtain  folder.  The  company  reserves 
the  right  to  change  without  previous  notice, 
steamers,  sailing  dates  and  hours  of  sailing. 
W.   PARRIS,  Agent, 

124  W.  Second  Street,  Los  Angeles. 
GOODALL,  PERKINS  &  CO., 

General  Agents,  San  Francisco. 


0 


CEANIC  S.  S.  CO  — nONOLlJLlJ 
APIA,  ALCKLAND  and  SYDNEY 


HONOLULU 


SAMOA,TAHm.  /ucEAHic Steamships 


NEW  ZEALAND, 
AUSTRALIA. 


Only  Stumer  Line  to  Hie  Wondotaib  *  te  Pacific 

/,„.    Tw  South  Sea  Islands 


"  Send  10  cents  postage  foi 
"  Trip  to  Hawaii,"  with  fine 
photographic  illustrations. 
20  cents  for  new  edition  of 

same,  with  beautiful  colored  plate  illustrations  ; 

20  cents  postage  for  "  Talofa,   Summer  Sail  to 

South  Seas,"  also  in  colors,  to  Ochanic  S.  S>  Co., 

114  Montgomery  St.,  San  Francisco. 

Steamers  sail  to  Honolulu  twice  a 
month,  to  Samoa,  New  2^aland  and 
Sydney,  via  Honolulu,  every  28  days. 

J.  D.  SPRECKELS  BROS.  CO., 
114  Montgomery  Street,  San  Francisco. 

HUGH  B.  RICE,  Agent, 

^30  S.  Spring  St.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Great 

Rocklsland 
Route 


Leave  Los  Angeles  every  Tuesday  via  the  Denver 
8t  Rio  Grande"  Scenic  Line,"  and  by  the  popular 
Southern  Route  every  Wednesday.  Low  rates  ; 
quick  time  ;  competent  managers  ;  Pullman  up- 
holstered cars  ;  union  depot,  Chicago.  Our  cars 
are  attached  to  the  "  Boston  and  New  York 
Special,"  via  Lake  Shore,  New  York  Central  and 
Boston  &  Albany  Railways,  arriving  Boston  8:00 
p.  m.,  New  York  1  p.  m. 
For  maps,  rates,  etc..  call  on  or  address. 

F.  W.  THOMPSON,  Gen.  Ag't. 
214  S.  Spring  St.  Los  Angeles. 

Personally  Conducted 

REDONDO  BY  THE  SEA 

17  Miles  from  Lios  Angeles 

In  effect  June  4,  1899 
Le'ave  Los  Angeles  Leave  Redondo 

9:30  a.m daily 8:00  a.m. 

1:30  p.m daily 11:00  a.m. 

5:30  p.m daily 4:15  p.m. 

11:80  p.m Saturday  only 6:30  p.m. 

8:10  a.m „ Sundays 7:00  a  m. 

9:30  a.m Sundays 8:00  a.m. 

10:45  a.m Sundays 9:30  a.m. 

1:30  a.m Sundays 11:00  a  m, 

5:30  a.m Sundays 4:15  a.m. 

7:00  p.m ..Sundays 5:45  p.m. 

L.  J.  PKRRT.  Superintendent,  Grand   Are.    and   Jeffenon    St 
City  office,  125  W.  Second  St.,  Wilcox  Blk.     Telephrae  West  1. 


ACME 


BICYCLED 


Direct  from  the  factory  to  the  rider 
at  WHOLESALE  PRICES. 

WE  HAVE  NO  AGENTS. 


If  you  want  to  save  agent's  profits 
and  secure  a  High  Grade  Bicycle  at 

MANUFACTURER'S   PRICE, 

write  for  catalogue  showing  eight 
beautiful  models  with  complete  spec- 
ifications. GUARANTEE:  REPAIRS 
FREE  AND  NO  QUESTIONS  ASKED. 


Acme  Cycle  Co.,       Elkhart,  Ind. 


Underwear  a  Specialty  at  Silverwoods. 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Land  of  Sunshinb." 


•^TT^TT^y-z^s-z^jTz^v -z^TT^TT^s-z^  :z^s-z^r:z^5-z^  z^s-z^r^^sr^^ 

^5anta  Monica 

^  Where  coolest  breezes  blow 

Cj  on  warmest  days 

ti.  combines  the  attractions  of  the  seashore  with 

proximity  and  frequent  electric  and  steam 
railway  facilities  to  the  metropolis  of  South- 
ern California. 

Its  Modern  Tourist  Hotel 
the  Arcadia  offers 

marine    and    mountain    views  and  adjacent 

drives,  hunting,  boating,  fishing  wharf,  warm 

salt  water  plunge,  broad  walk  along  the  surf,  and  the  longest  wharf  in    "^ 

the  world,  and  other  attractions  unsurpassed. 

For  convenient  and  enjoyable  headquarters  from  which  to  visit  all 
points  of  interest,  go  to 

The  Arcadia  Hotel 


Surf  Bathing  the  year  round 


f   Santa  Monica,  Cal. 


FRANK  A.  MILLER,   Prop 


EVERYBODY  GOES 


TROLLY    PARTIES 
A    SPtCIALTY 


i 


^»^T0  SANTA  MONICA 
via  Los  Angeles  Pacific  Electric  Ry. 


: 

: 
: 

It  provides  one  of  the  most  modem  equipments  and  the   • 
coolest  and  most  scenic  route  in  Southern  California.  t 

tor  santa  Monica:  Cars  leave  Fourth  and  Broadway,  Los  Angeles,  via  Hill  and 
16th  streets,  every  half  hour  from  *6:30  a.  m.  to  7:30  p.  m.,  and  hourly  to  11:80  p.  m. 

Via  Bellevue  Ave,,  Colegrove  and  Sherman,  every  hour  from  *6:15  a.  m.  to  11:16  p.  m. 
4:45  p.  m.,  5:45  p.  m.  and  11:45  p.  m.  to  Sherman  only.    Cars  leave  Plaza  lo  minutes  later. 

For  lios  Aug:ele8:  Cars  leave  Hill  Street,  Santa  Monica,  at  ♦5:50.  ♦6:10,  ^6:40  a.  m., 
and  every  half  hour  from  7:10  a.m.  to  7:40  p.  m.,  and  hourly  thereafter  to  10:40  p.  m. 
Sundays,  every  half  hour  from57:10  a.  m.  to  7:40  p.  m.,  and  hourly  to  10:40  p.  m.  I,eave 
band  stand.  Ocean  Ave.,  5  minutes  later. 

Cars  leave  Hill  Street,  South  Santa  Monica,  40  minutes  after  each  hour  from  6:40  a.  m. 
to  9:40  p.  m.     Connect  at  Morocco  cars  via  Sherman  and  Colegrove. 


•       ♦Except  Sundays.     Offices,  Chamber  of  Commerce  BIdg.,  4th  and  Broadway,  Los  Angeles 


For  =  =  = 


Horton  House 


A  home-like  place 

A  cool  retreat 

A  pleasant  room 

Qood  thins^s  to  eat 

Our  Hotel  Rates  cannot  be  beat 


San  Diego 
Cal. — 


W.  E.  HADLEY 

Proprietor 


F.  B.  Silverwood  carries  the  largest  stock  of  Neckwear  in  Los  Angeles. 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Land  of  Sunshinb. 


Arlington  Hotel  and  Annex 

SANTA  BARBARA,  CALIFORNIA 


Perpetual  May  Climate 
Ocean  Bathing  Every  Day 


E.  P.  DUNN 


A  Camp  Convenient  to  Los  Angeles  People.... 

Back  of  Sierra  Madre.     East  of  Mt.  Wilson 


— iiGflMP  STURTEVflNT 

The  most  beautiful  canon  in  the  Sierra  Madre  ;  shaded  by  immense  evergreens, 
watered  by  a  mountain  stream  of  cold  water.  A  village  of  tents,  scattered  among 
the  trees,  not  crowded  together,  each  an  ideal  summer  home.  A  Dining  Room 
under  the  big  oaks,  where  good  fare  meets  a  mountain  appetite.  A  well  stocked 
Grocery.     Trails  upon  the  mountains  and  games  at  the  Camp. 

THE  TRIP  TO  THE  CAMP  is  one  of  the  delightful  features,  made  with  burros,  over  a  good 

trail,  presenting  the  traveler  with  scenery  and  impressions  which  can  be  experienced  in  no  other  way. 

A  ROUND  TRIP  ON  TWO  TRAII^S  maybe  made  via  Mt.  Wilson  and  the  old  Wilson  trail, 

leading  by  Echo  Rock.    Echo  Rock  is  the  only  accessible  point  in  the  county  from  which  both  the 

northern  ranges  and  the  San  Gabriel  valley  can  be  obtained. 

RATES  :   Hotel  accommodations  $7.00  and  $8  00  per  week,  $1.25  per  day.    Tent  and  outfit  for  two 
persons  for  camping,  $10  00  per  month.    For  circular  and  further  information,  address 

W.  M.  STURTEVANT,  Proprietor, 
Or  BRADBURY  CILLY,  Manager,  Sierra  Madre,  Cal. 

Gamp  Sturtevant,  Sierra  Madre,  Cal. 

Underwear  is  a  Specialty  at  Silverwood'g. 


Wlien  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  I«and  of'Sunshuvb; 

LA    JOLLA     BY    THE    SEA 


HOULD  you  visit  San  Diego,  you 

will  have  missed  one-half  your 

life  if  you  fail  to  take  a  trip  t* 

La  JoUa,  the  seventh  wonder,  with  its 

seven  mammoth  caves.     "La  JoUa,  the 

_^^  j«,^^^^^^^^^^^^^^«»«  Gem,'*  is  fittingly  named.     Nowhere  oh 

B^H^^«9^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^HR  the  Pacific  Coast  can  be  found  the  varied 
WmmmK^^^^^/^^K^^^^^^BM  natural  scenery  which  is  had  here.  The 
BHIK^^^^^HHHj^^^^^^^HHI  seven  famous  caves,  hollowed  out  by  the 
^^H^^^^HHj^^^^^^^^^^^H  action  of  the  mighty  waves,  in  the  huge 
^HQj^^^^^^HQSjS^^^^HH  cliffs,  over  one  hundred  feet  high  and 
Hd^^^^^^^^^^HH^^HHBH  jutting  the  be  explored 

at  low  tide.  There  are  also  other  weird 
and  fantastic  freaks  of  nature  formed  along  the  rocky  shore,  which  must  be  seen  to 
be  appreciated,  such  as  Cathedral  Rock,  Alligator  Head,  Goldfish  Point,  etc.  Fish- 
ing and  bathing  here  are  unsurpassed.  Shells  and  sea-mosses,  tinted  with  rainbow 
colors,  are  found  here  in  great  abundance.  Every  hour  spent,  when  not  fishing, 
boating  or  bathing,  or  viewing  nature's  marvelous  work,  can  be  enjoyed  in  various 
ways.  La  Jolla  is  situated  14  miles  from  San  Diego,  on  the  ocean,  and  is  reached 
only  by  the  San  Diego,  Pacific  Beach  and  La  Jolla  Ry. 
Three  mail  trains  each  way  daily. 

For  further  information  apply  to  GRAHAM  E.  BABCOCK, 
San  Diego,  Cal.  President  and  General  Manager. 


HAWLEY,  KING  &  CO.  £,  Carriages  and  Bicycles 

Agents 

-     ■  -,-:  ■  COLUMBUS 

BUQQY 
CO. 

H.  A.  MOVER 
Q.W.  OSGOOD 
and 

CORTLAND 

WAGON 

CO. 


(s)  @  • 

Agents 
VICTOR 

FEATHER- 
STONE 

and 

WORLD 
BICVCLE 


SPIDER  PHAETON 

We  quote  you  $-^00.00  on  this  fine  Phaeton. 


Carriage  Repository,  cor.  Broadway  and  Fifth  St. 

Wholesale  anil  Tarm  Implement  Store,   164-168   N.    Los   Angeles   Street 


F .  B.  Silverwood  makes  a  specialty  of  Shirts  of  all  kinds. 


^WE    INDIAN    FAKE  ^— -e-— ^      »    *.t 

A    COWBOY'S    PENCIL    /"^oSj^^^^C^^^t^ .      .   ^ 

ARIZONA'S   BIGGEST    IVfltiMlvbRSiTT )     mustratea 


THE  MAGAZINE  OF 

CALirORNIA*H-TlWE5T 


WITH  A  SYNDICATE 
OF  WESTERN  WRITERS 


L 


EDITED  BY 

CHAS.f.LUMMIS 

A?SOflArt  e01T«l! 

ARArtELLERYCHANNlKfr- 


C0PY«iCHTE0    1895    BY    LAND  OF  SUMS  WINE    PUB. CO 


X<^ 


n 


CENTS 
A  COPY 


LANS  OF  SUNSHINE  PUBLISHING  CO. 

INCORPORATED 

501-503  STIMSON  BUILDING 


fil»1 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Land  of  Sunshine.' 


Our  Gold  Medal  Wines  commend  themselves  to  those  who 
require  and  appreciate  Pure,  Old  Vintages.  We  are  producers 
in  every  sense  of  the  word,  owning  large  Vineyards,  Wineries 
and  Distilleries,  located  in  the  San  Gabriel  Valley.  For 
strength-giving  qualities  our  wines  have  no  equal.  We  SELL 
NO  Wines  under  Five  Years  Old. 

SPECIAIi  OFFER  •  We  will  deliver  to  any  R.R.  station  in  the 
United  States,  freight  free  : 

2  cases  Fine  Assorted  California  Wines,  XXX,  for  $9  00 

Including  one  bottle  1888  Brandy. 
2  cases  Assorted  California  Wines,  XXXX,  for  $11.00 

Including  2  bottles  1888  Brandy  and  1  bottle  Champagne. 

SOUTHERN  CALIFORNIA  WINE  COMPANY 


J. 


Tel.  M.  332 


220  W.  FOURTH  ST.       Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Metal  Beds--^         I 

As  shown  by  us  combine  all  the  points  of  R 
utility  and  beauty  with  comparative  cheap-  w 
ness.  So  with  every  article  in  the  store  |^ 
Intrinsic  worth  considered  there  is  no  furni- 
ture in  the  city  so  cheap  as  ours.  No  "  trade 
tricks  "  are  allowed  to  cover  inferior  material 
or  workmanship.  There  is  safety  and  satis- 
faction in  supplying  your  furniture  needs 
here.  Our  new  booklet  "  American  Home 
Furnishings"  free. 

Niles  Pease  Furniture  Co. 

439-41-43  South  Spring  St.        LOS  ANGELES 


Matilija  Hot  Springs 

=POIiLEY  &  BURDICK,   Proprietors 

These  justly  celebrated  Sulpliur-Mineral  Springs  are  the  nearest 
and  easiest  reached  Springs  in  the  Ojai  Valley,  15  miles  from  Ventura 
and  4^  miles  from  Nordhoflf,  the  terminus  of  the  Ojai  Valley  Railroad. 
1100  feet  above  sea  level.  For  a  through  trip  to  the  Springs  from  Los 
Angeles  take  the  4:30  p.m.  Southern  Pacific  Santa  Barbara  train,  arriving 
at  Nordhoflf  8:15  p.  m.  where  the  Matilija  Stage  meets  the  train. 

Hunters  for  Deer^ ^ 

And  other  g^ame,  in  the  •'  Upper  Ojai."  should  make  their  head- 
quarters at  these  springs.    Post  OflBce,  Public  Telephone,  Supply  Store. 
Dining  Room   Plunge  Bath,  etc.,  etc. 
Kates  Reasonable.        Address, 

POLLEY  &  BURDICK, 

See  July  Land  of  Sunshine.  Matilija,  Ventura  Co.,  Cal. 

Reliable  help  promptly  furnished.    Hummel  Bros.  &  Co.    Tel.  Main  509 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Land  of  Sunshine." 

In  the  Heart  of  Los  Angeles********^ 

49  ** 


^  The  Hollenbeck,  on  Second 
49  and  Spring  Sts.,  is  the  most 
49  centrally  located  of  all  the 
4^    Los  Angeles  Hotels. 

Electric  cars  pass  its  doors 
to  all  points  of  interest. 

It  is  headquarters  for  Tal- 


♦J 
♦J 


^  ly-ho   and    Railway  Excur- 

^  sions,  commercial  men  and 

49  tourists. 

49  It  is  run  on  both  Amer- 

4i  ican    and   European    plans. 

♦J 

49 

courteous. 


Has  first-class  Cafe  and 
rooms  with  bath  and  other 
conveniences.  Rates  are 
reasonable,     its    conveniences    ample    and    its    service    XDrompt    and 


HOLLENBECK  HOTEL 


49 

49 

49 

49 

49 

49  Second  and  Spring  Sts. 

49 


A.  C.  BILICKE  &  CO., 


Props. 

Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


5» 


Fancy  Fruits  and  Vegetables 

Largest  and  Best  Selected  Line  in 
Los  Angeles 


Berries 

CALIFORNIA    OLIVESj    ETC. 

Wholbsale   and   Retail 


Tfe  Ship  to  All  Points. 


LUDWIQ  &  MATHEWS 

Mott  Market.     Tel.  Main  550 


BOSTON 


DRY 
GOODS 


STORE 


THE  Ji    W.    ROBINSON    COMPANY 

S39  and  341  South  Broadway,  L,o8  Angeles.  Opposit<iCity  Hall, 

THE  exclusiveness  of  the  Boston  Store  stock  is  manifested 
in  all  of  the  32  departments,  is  an  intergal  part  of  the 
largest,  best  appointed,  most  exclusive  dry  goods  store 
in  the  Southwest. 


!    I 


EXCLUSIVE  STYLES 


\lf' 


E  show  exclusive  styles  in  silks,  dress  goods,  tailor 
suits,  waists,  skirts,  jackets  and  capes.  All  the  latest 
trimmings  and  novelties. 


MAIL    ORDER 
DEPARTMENT 


Agents  for  Butterick  Patterns 

Now  Ready— early  autumn  Septem- 
ber Delineator,  also  September 
fashion  sheets  and  patterns. 


SEND  FOR 
SAMPLES 


All  kinds  of  OutiDg  Shirts  at  Silverwood's. 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Land  of  Sunshine.' 


An 

Elegantly 

Furnished 

Conveniently 
Located 

FAMILY 
HOTEL 


^ 


The  Hotel  Palms  ''' '''  '"'^•" 


LOS  ANGELES 


H.  C.  FRYMAN,  Proprietor 
For  four  years  manager  Mount  Lowe  Hotel. 

A  home-like  place  filled  with  palms  and  works  of  art,  one  block  from  Sixth 
Street  Park,  on  car  lines,  five  minutes'  walk  from  center  of  business  portion  ;  140- 
foot  frontage,  75  elegantly  furnished  rooms,  25  suites  with  private  baths  ;  steam 
radiator  in  every  room,  spacious  parlors  and  large  ball  room 

American  and  European  Plan.     Rates  Reasonable. 


TffAOe.    MA  OK 

JSATO   /VOV' /6"  /SSr 

/SATO  o£c  er^f 

fAT'D  IN£rt6lAMl>  UA. 


Airv  MeeaMAMrAiTPe/itin9  /mcamaoa 


^ ^^MftWrF    An.lll<,TFn  -  AI\A/AY< 


ONCE  ADJUSTED  -ALWAYS  ADJUSTED" 

We  Remodel  your  old  SPEC- 
TACLES into  the  BEST  im- 
proved spectacles  on  the  market 
for  ONLY  50  CENTS. 

CANNOT  HURT  the  ears  or  nose  Call  and 
examine  them  or  write  for  descriptive  circular. 
Aurocone  Retainers  mailed  to  any  address  upon 
receipt  of  price 

PACIFIC  OPTICAL  CO» 

SOI.E  AGENTS 

245  S.  Spring  Street,   Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

90%  OF  AMERICAN  WOMEN 

wash  dishes  three  times  each  day.  If  yoii 
are  one  of  these,  wear  a  pair  of  "  Good- 
year" Rubber  Gloves  and  alwavs  have 
soft,  white  hands.  Sent  by  mail,  post- 
paid, on  receipt  of  $1.50.  Agents  wanted. 
Address  M.  O.  Dept., 
M.  F.  Reese  Supply  Co.,  Setauket,  N.  Y. 

A  fine  lot  on  Central  Ave. 
and  Fourth  St.,  Los  Angeles. 
Inquire  2200  Grand  Ave. 


For  Lease 


Buy  Direct  from  the  Producers 

California  Ostrich  Feathers 

FOR    55C. 

We  will  send  prepaid  a  handsome  detni-plume ; 
for  $1.45,  a  bunch  of  3  tips ;  for  $2.8%  an  18  inch 
plume.  Not  woolly  feathers  but  fine  black  lustre. 
Being  fresh  from  the  birds  will  stay  in  curl  and 
wear  for  years.  Our  handsome  illustrated  cata- 
logue mailed  Free  with  each  order,  or  for  a  2c 
stamp. 

OSTRICH    FARM 

SOUTH    PASADENA.    CAL. 

Independent  of  the  Feather  Trust. 


F.  B.  Silverwood's  is  the  Larg:est  Hat  and  Furnishing  Store  in  Los  Angeles. 


The  Land  of  Sunshine 

(incorporated)      capital  stock  $50,000. 

The  Magazine  of  California  and  tlie  West 

EDITED  BY  CHAS.  F.  LUMMIS 

The  Only  Exclusively  Western  Magazine 

AMONG    THE    STOCKHOLDERS    AND    CONTRIBUTORS    ARE: 


DAVID  STARR  JORDAN 

President  of  Stanford  University, 

THEODORE  H.  HITTEIvL 

The  Historian  of  California. 

MARY  HALIvOCK  FOOTE 

Author  of  The  Led-Horse  Claim.,  etc. 

MARGARET  COLLIER  GRAHAM 
Author  of  Stories  of  the  Foothills. 

GRACE  ELLERY  CHANNING 

Author  of  The  Sister  of  a  Saint,  etc. 

ELLA    HIGGINSON 

Author  of  A  Forest  Orchid,  etc. 

JOHN  VANCE  CHENEY 

Author  of  Thistle  Drift,  etc. 

CHARLES  WARREN  STODDARD 
The  Poet  of  the  South  Seas. 

INA  COOLBRITH 

Author  of  Songs  from  the  Golden  Gate,  etc. 

EDWIN  MARKHAM 

Author  of   The  Man  with  the  Hoe. 

ETC., 


JOAQUIN  MILLER 

CHAS.  FREDERICK  HOLDER 

Author  of  The  Life  of  Agassiz,  etc. 

GEO.  HAMLIN  FITCH 

Literary  Editor  S.  F.  Chronicle. 

CHARLOTTE  PERKINS  STETSON 

Author  of  In  This  Our  IVorld. 

WILLIAM  KEITH 

The  greatest  Western  painter. 

DR.  WASHINGTON  MATTHEWS 
Ex-Prest.  American  Polk-I,ore  Society. 

GEO.  PARKER  WINSHIP 

The  Historian  of  Coronado's  Marches. 

FREDERICK  WEBB  HODGE 

of  the  Bureau  of  Ethnologfy,  Washington . 

CHAS.  HOWARD  SHINN 

Author  of  The  Story  of  the  Mine,  etc. 

T.  S.  VAN  DYKE 

Author  of  Rod  and  Gun  in  California,  etc. 

CONSTANCE  GODDARD  DU  BOIS 

Author  The  Shield  of  the  Fleur  de  Lis . 
ETC. 


CONTENTS  FOR  AUGUST,  1899  * 

My  Brother's  Keeper,  illustrated,  by  Chas.  F.  Lummis  139 

Arizona's  Biggest  Gold  Mine,  illustrated,  by  Sharlot  M.  Hall  148 

A  Cowboy's  Pencil,  illustrated  with  drawings  by  Ed.  Bosein 158 

Early  California,  Report  of  the  Viceroy  in  1793  (continued) 166 

In  the  Lion's  Den  (editorial)  173 

That  Which  is  Written  (book  reviews  by  the  Editor)     177 

The  Angle  of  Reflection  (department)  by  Margaret  Collier  Graham 181 

The  Landmarks  Club 183 

Philippine  War  Pictures 

California  Babies 


Entered  at  the  T.os  Angeles  Postoffice  as  second-class  matter. 


Land    of    Siin^hiine    Ptibliehing    Co. 

F.  A.  PATTEE,  Bus.  Mgr.,  501  Stimson  BIdg.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Directors  :  — W.  C.  Patterson,  Pres.;  Chas.  F.  Lummis,  Vice-Pres. ;  F.  A.  Pattee,  Sec.;  H.J. 
Fleishman,  Treas.;  E-  Pryce  Mitchell,  Auditor;  Chas.  Cassat  Davis,  Atty.,  Cyrus  M.  Davis. 

Other  Stockholders :— Chas.  Forman,  D.  Freeman,  F.  W.  Braun,  Jno.  F.  Francis,  E.  W.  Jones, 
Geo.  H.  Bonebrake,  F.  K.  Rule,  Andrew  Mullen,  I.  B.  Newton,  S.  H.  Mott,  Alfred  P.  Griffith, 
H.  E.  Bostwick,  H.  B.  Brook,  Kingsley-Barnes  &  NeunerCo.,  I..  Replogle,  Jno.C.  Perry,  F.  A.Schnell, 
G.  H.  Paine,  I«ouisa  C.  Bacon. 

WARNING. 

The  lyAND  OF  Sdnshink  Publishing  Co  has  nothing  to  do  with  a  concern  which 
has  imitated  its  name  as  nearly  as  it  dared.  This  magazine  is  not  peddling  town- 
lots  in  the  desert.     It  is  a  magazine,  not  a  lottery.  Chas.  F.  Ldmmis. 


Rise's   CURE  FOR 


The  Best  Cough  Syrup. 
Tastes  Good.  Use  in  time. 
Sold  by  Druererists. 


CONSUMPTION 


"We  offer  you  a  ready-made 
medicine  for  Cougtis,  Broncliitis, 
and  ottier  diseases  of  tlie  Tliroat 
and  Lungs.  Like  oth.er  so-called 
Patent  Medicines,  it  is  well  ad- 
vertised, and,  tLaving  merit,  it 
has  attained  a  wide  sale  under 
tlie  name  of  Piso's  Cure  for  Con- 
sumption. 

Piso's  Cure  for  Consumption  is  now  a  '•  Nos- 
trum," though  at  first  it  was  compounded  after  a 
prescription  by  a  regular  physician,  with  no  idea 
that  it  would  ever  go  on  the  market  as  a  proprie- 
tary medicine.  But  after  compounding  that  pre- 
scription over  a  thousand  times  in  one  year,  we 
named  it  "  Piso's  Cure  for  Consumption,''  and  be- 
gan advertising  it  in  a  small  way.  A  medicine 
known  all  ovei  the  world  is  the  result. 

Prepared  by 

THEPlSOCOMPANY,Warren,Pa. 


r>of  Syrip  Of  Prunes 


NATURE'S 

GENTLE 

LAXATIVE 

The  only  genuine  fruit  lax- 
ative on  the  market. 
If  your  druggist  does  not 
sell  it  send  us  his  name  and 
address. 

25c.  and  50c.  a  Bottle. 


California  Prune  Syrup  Co. 

LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 


THE  PLACE  TO  LIVE....! 


Where  is  it?  At  the  head  of  the  San 
Gabriel  Valley,  eight  miles  east  of  Los 
Angeles  and  three  miles  south  of  Pasa- 

idena.     Call  at  the  office  of 
.  GAIL  BORDEN 

i  I  Room  433  Stimson  Bldg.,  Los  Angeles,  | 
I  Cal.,  and  he  will  tell  you  all  about  the  j 
i  I  Garden  Spot  of  the  County. 


!^^^^N^^»=^^»^^?=S'e-S!  a  in>'0-iB».^ 


ie^»'i«-.ia,Ji..ie,ja,je,je,je.je.je,,je,je^ii^ 


Penny  Wise 


Crown  and  Bridge  work  is  a  branch  of  the  dental  art 
that  cannot  be  done  chesply  and  done  well.  There's  a  trick 
of  fit,  a  knack  in  application  that  only  skill  and  long  expe- 
rience acquire,  meaning  an  investment  of  time  and  money. 
I  have  spent  bo.a  liberallv.  The  material,  too,  is  expensive, 
I  use  the  most  expensive,  the  best.  My  charges  flre  no 
higher  than  they  should  be— as  little  as  they  can  be.  To  pay 
less  is  "  penny  wise."  And  the  loolishness  cannot  be  esti- 
mated at  a  single  pound,  either. 


SPINKS'  BLOCK 

COR.  FIFTH  AND  HILL  STS.     ^^jr,/W§0 |L>^ KZ^^fi^PB^^n^M^  >k 

Tel.  Brown  1375.      LQS   ANGELES      *^^^^^  ^f''I^^2:^liltlC^^^    \ 


Write  F.  B.  Silverwood  about  Underwear  for  Men. 


C.  M.  Davis  Eng.  Co. 


A   PUEBI^O   GIRI,   AT  HOME. 


Photo,  by  C.  F.  Lummis. 


THK     LANDS    OF    THE    SUN     EXPAND    THK    SOUL. 


THE  LAND  OF 

SUNSHINE 


Vol.  11,  No.  3 


LOS  ANGELES 


AUGUST,  1899. 


f  My  Brother  s  Keeper. 


BY   CHAS.    F.    LUMMIS^ 


HE  meeting  in  Los  Angeles,  in  July,  of  a 
national  convention  of  our  Indian  educat- 
ors and  managers  gave  the  Frontier  a  chance 
to  *'size  up"  just  what  is  doing  now  in 
a  policy  which  concerns  all  of  us  more,  per- 
haps, than  we  ordinarily  realize.  The  In- 
dian, poor  devil,  will  presently  die  off.  His 
obliteration,  somewhat  gruffly  begun  by  the 
border  ruffian,  is  now  much  more  spiritedly  (though  less  courag- 
eously and  less  frankly)  carried  on  by  those  who  make  their 
living  by  philanthropy.  But  we  shall  remain — and  our  child- 
ren's children  will  have  to  live  by  the  record  we  make. 

It  is  entirely  true  that  our  long-infamous  Indian  Service  is 
grown  cleaner.  There  are  fewer  thievish  agents,  fewer  vile 
school-principals,  fewer  tangible  scoundrels  and  visible  ignoram- 
uses. The  moral  sense  of  the  United  States  has  begun  to  take 
account  of  these  things,  and  has  greatly  bettered  them.  But 
its  task  is  only  begun.  As  much  injustice  is  done  the  Indian 
as  ever  ;  but  now  under  the  name  and  fetish  of  civilization.  The 
First  Americans,  upon  whose  stolen  lands  we  live,  have  been 
taken  out  of  the  hands  of  the  ward-heelers  and  given  into 
those  of  theorists  and  ignorant  system-makers.  And  not  to 
their  gain. 

The  most  protuberant  feature  of  the  recent  convention  was 
its  absolute  innocence  of  scientific  knowledge.  There  was  no- 
where in  it  (save  by  Supervisor  Wright's  short  paper)  any 
recognition  of  the  fact  that  scholars  have  at  last  made  it  possible 
for  even  politicians  and  Indian  Commissioners  to  understand  the 
Indian — if  they  care  to.  Certainly  wisdom  is  not  useless  even  in 
statecraft.  Yet  300  of  the  people  whose  livelihood  it  is  to  *  'teach" 
the  Indian  (and  who  are  incidentally  deciding  our  attitude  to- 
ward this  and  other  "weak  races")  sat  here  for  a  week  in  sol- 

Copyright  1899  by  Land  of  Sunshine  Pub,  Co, 


I40  LAND    OF  SUNSHINE. 

emn  conclave,  as  naked  of  all  that  scholars  know  and  prize — 
scholars  in  London,  Paris,  Berlin,  even  Washington — as  if 
Humboldt,  or  Lewis  J.  Morgan,  or  Bandelier,  or  Matthews 
and  all  that  immortal  school  had  never  lived.  Yet  it  takes  no 
great  mind  to  realize  that  no  man  can  understand  a  people  by 
sedulously  avoiding  all  knowledge  about  them.  The  history, 
the  social  organization  and  therefore  the  needs  of  the  Indian — 
all  these  are  (so  far  as  the  convention  showed)  a  sealed  book 
to  our  Indian-educators. 

No  less  notable  in  the  atmosphere  of  the  convention  was  the 
superb  vacancy  of  humor  in  some  of  its  larger  dignitaries.  A 
very  nice  and  very  high  official  of  good  head  and  heart,  who 
never  read  any  book  standard  to  his  profession,  in  any  lan- 
guage ;  who  knows  no  more  of  the  literature  or  history  of  the 
subject  than  he  does  of  the  Maya  pictoglyphs  ;  who  never 
saw  an  Indian  except — dozled — who  never  talked  with  an  In- 
dian except  as  a  patronizing  "boss,"  who  does  not  even  know 
enough  natural  history  to  be  aware  that  maternal  love  was  in- 
vented by  Nature  to  preserve  the  race,  but  actually  thinks  and 
declares  a  human  being  cannot  love  his  mother  well  until  he 
has  been  to  school — this  handsome  and  reverend  gentleman 
solemnly  rose  and  said  he  thought  ''More  study  and  experi- 
ence would  change  the  opinions' '  of  men  who  have  already 
studied  more  of  his  own  ignored  specialty  than  he  ever  studied 
of  everything  together  ;  who  are  masters  of  thousands  of 
books  (without  knowing  the  chief  of  which,  at  least,  no  man 
can  pretend  to  know  much  about  Indians),  not  one  of  which 
books  this  unconscious  humorist  ever  read,  nor  could  read  if 
he  tried.  And  not  books  alone  (though  the  man  is  a  fool  who 
thinks  to  get  along  without  them)  ;  but  in  actual  human  ex- 
perience with  Indians,  as  students  and  as  men,  these  whom 
the  amiable  Secretary  of  the  Indian  Commission  thus  patron- 
ized have  had  more,  a  thousand  fold,  than  he  ever  had  or  has 
the  physical  or  moral  courage  to  get.  For  it  costs  something 
to  acquire  a  real  education  ;  whereas  to  draw  a  large  salary 
for  knowing  very  little  is  easy — to  a  certain  conscience. 

The  attitude  of  the  convention  was  as  far  from  humanity  as 
from  scholarship  and  humor.  By  convention  be  it  understood 
that  I  mean  no  slur  on  the  bulk  of  the  delegates.  They  were 
largely  women  ;  and  with  the  one  notable  exception  of  an  un- 
balanced though  well-meaning  person,  who  has  been  for  years 
a  firebrand  to  the  Indians  and  the  service  alike  in  New  Mex- 
ico, they  are  mostly  honorable.  Godfearing,  hardworking 
women  ;  not  scientists,  certainly,  but  humane  and  womanly. 
There  were  some  manly  men,  too.  And  these  people  do  not 
think  with  the  machine.  Scores  of  them  have  told  me  their 
shame  and  grief  at  the  way  things  are  going  ;  but  they  say, 
when  asked  why  they  do  not  protest,   ' '  For  what  ?     We  have 


MY   BROTHER'S   KEEPER. 


141 


TT    •-- 


_^ 


C.  H.  Davis  Eng.  Co. 


OUR        BARBARIANS. 


ipyright  by  C  F.  l.i 


found  it  does  no  good."  Not  only  does  it  do  no  good,  but  they 
are  punished  in  the  indirect  and  cowardly  ways  a  political 
system  has  at  hand. 

The  convention  had  315  delegates  ;  but  the  convention  was 
merely  Major  Pratt,  of  the  Carlisle  (Pa.)  Indian  school — a  man 
of  brains  ;  a  man,  I  believe,  of  the  strictest  integrity,  a  man  I 
admire  for  his  tremendous  force.  It  takes  a  Man  to  be  in  his 
proper  person  a  National  Convention.  If  Major  Pratt  were 
not  one  of  the  most  undilute  materialists  ever  born  in  civiliza- 
tion, if  he  were  not  a  soldier  to  whom  these  quarter  of  a  mil- 
lion human  beings  are  merely  an  awkward  squad  and  he  the 


142 


LAND    OF  SUNSHINE. 


recruiting  sergeant  to  lick  them  into  shape,  I  know  no  man  in 
the  United  States  to  whom  I  would  more  confidently  entrust 
the  adjustment  of  our  relations  with  the  "  inferior  race."  For 
he  is  a  monumental  organizer,  a  just  man,  a  manly  man. 
Only,  he  has  known  (boiled)  Indians  for  thirty  years,  and  has 
not  yet  learned  that  the  Indian  has  a  soul  ;  that  he  loves  his 
parents  and  his  children,  and  even  the  birthplace  that  we  have 
stolen  from  him.  This,  which  is  literally  true,  and  which  I 
am  prepared  to  prove  before  any  audience,  is  as  structural  a 
thing  as  need  be  said,  and  as  harsh  a  thing  as  should  be  said 
of  a  most  gallant  man.  He  is  as  little  to  blame  for  being  born 
rather  short  on  sentiment,  as  the  Indian  is  to  be  blamed  for 


C.  M.  Davis  Eng.  Co. 


ONE  OF   OUR   WARDS. 


Photo,  by  C.  F.  Lunnnis. 


being  almost  as  slow  of  civilization  as  we  ourselves  were. 
Major  Pratt  believes  he  is  trying  to  make  the  Indians  citizens 
of  the  United  States  ;  as  a  matter  of  fact  he  is  trying  to  make 
them  soldiers. 

For  years  our  heartless  "  philanthropy"  has  been  taking  In- 
dian children  from  home,  "educating"  them  impossibly — 
and  then  turning  them  adrift.  This  was  cruel  enough,  but 
worse  follows.  The  core  of  the  "  system"  now  (mostly  Major 
Pratt's  organizing)  is  to  take  the  Indian  from  home  as  young 
as  possible,  "  educate"  him,  and  turn  him  loose  in  the  popu- 
lation— as  many  thousand  miles  from  home  as  possible,   and 


MY   BROTHER'S   KEEPER. 


143 


never  let  him  go  home  again.  The  confessed  theory  is  that  he 
has  no  right  to  have  a  father  and  mother,  and  they  no  right 
to  him  ;  that  their  afifection  is  not  worth  as  much  to  him  as 
the  chance  to  be  a  servant  to  some  Pennsylvania  farmer  or 
blacksmith,  and  generally  at  half  wages. 

Now  only  a  professional  fool — or  an  Indian  educator — is 
unaware  that  even  an  Indian  child  has  a  home  ;  that  God  was 
able  to  invent  mother-love  without  waiting  for  any  help  from 
the  present  United  States  Indian  Commission,  and  did  it,  hasty 


C.  M.  Davis  Eng.  Co 


t'opyright  by  C.  F.  Luiuuiis. 


A   FATHKR   WHOSE  SONS   WERE   STOLEN. 


as  His  action  may  seem ;  that  all  humanity  rests  on  the  family 
and  that  nothing  can  compensate  for  the  wreck  of  it. 

Only  a  man  totally  ignorant  of  all  that  has  been  done  by 
scholars  even  in  his  own  lifetime —  or  a  man  to  whom  the  In- 
dian is  a  livelihood  and  the  salary  sufficient  substitute  for  an 
education — can  so  blind  himself  as  to  blink  the  cruelty  (and, 
unless  all  justice  is  a  lie,  the  folly)  of  such  a  policy  as  is  now 
proposed.     It  makes  small  difference  to  the  Indian  whether  he 


MY   BROTHER'S   KEEPER.  i45 

be  killed  oflf  in  the  name  of  education  or  in  the  name  of  war — 
except  that  the  latter  is  manlier  and  more  merciful.  The  pres- 
ent project  means  nothing  else — though  really  good  people  and 
people  not  altogether  fools  delude  themselves  to  believe  in  it. 
The  whole  new  plan  is — as  every  man  who  is  a  scholar  either 
in  the  books  or  the  field  knows — either  heartless  or  childish. 
I  do  not  believe  it  knowingly  heartless.  It  means  well.  It  is 
simply  unread  and  unhorizoned  as  a  ten-year-old.  Ignorant 
of  history  and  of  anthropology,  it  insists  that  the  Indian  shall 
civilize  as  much  in  twenty  years  as  our  own  Saxon  or  Teuton  an- 
cestors did  in  five  hundred.  It  means  well — and  tries  to  do  what 
even  the  primary  scholar  in  evolution  or  anthropology  knows  to 
be  sheer  impossible  ;  breaking  thousands  of  homes  and  ruining 
thousands  of  lives  in  its  freshman  experiments.     It  expects  to 


ill 

B 

t  ^ 

[HL..^ 

^ 

CM.  Davis  Eng.  to     "q^    c()LRSK    AN    INDIAiS     HAs    .No    HOME." 

subvert  the  law  of  gravitation — in  a  word  it  thinks  it  is  smarter 
than  God.  It  is  ignorant  not  only  of  science,  history  and 
humanity  ;  it  does  not  even  know  what  the  Indian  is,  what  he 
was,  how  he  has  changed  and  can  be  changed  more ;  what  he 
needs  and  how  it  can  be  given  him.  It  is  a  mere  philanthropic 
Procrustes  ;  if  the  guest  is  too  long  for  the  bed,  cut  his  legs  ofi" ; 
if  too  short,  rack  him  out  till  he  fills  from  head  to  foot-board. 
If  he  does  not  jump  readily  from  the  time  of  Abraham  to  the 
time  of  Edison,  take  an  axe  to  his  fool  skull.  Not  a  real  axe, 
which  might  get  bloody  and  turn  our  refined  stomachs.  Just 
rob  him  of  his  children. 

Now  no  man — and  no  woman — is  fit  to  be  a  teacher,  or  a 
superintendent  or  a  system  maker,  who  doesn't  know  yet  that 
the  pupil  is  human  ;  that  every  human  thing  is  born  of  woman 


MY   BROTHER'S   KEEPER.  M? 

and  loves  her  and  is  loved  by  her  ;  was  gotten  by  a  man,  and 
is  by  him  more  or  less  valued  ;  and  that  until  they  shall  become 
criminals  (and  it  is  not  yet  criminal  to  have  been  owners  of  the 
land  we  have  robbed)  begetter  and  begotten,  conceiver  and 
conceived,  have  some  sacred  human  rights  the  one  in  the  other 
— rights  even  as  big  in  the  sight  of  God  and  honest  men  as  the 
right  of  some  fellow  to  draw  a  fat  salary  in  a  profession  he 
never  earned  by  study.  And  any  system  of  "Indian  educa- 
tion "  which  is  founded  on  breaking  up  the  family  is  accurst. 
That  is  the  system  our  block -builders  now  design  to  give  us. 

This  is  not  a  simplex  question.  It  is  no  pleasure  to  any 
honest  man  to  say  harsh  things  of  other  honest  men.  I 
would  not  lift  my  voice  if  I  were  afraid  to  stand  before  any 
audience  face  to  face  with  those  criticised,  and  prove  that  I 
have  studied  the  Indian  more  honestly  and  more  tuUy  than  all 
his  Washington  oppressors  put  together,  in  books  and  in  fact ; 
that  I  know  him  better,  and  know  better  what  better  men  had 
done  for  him  before  the  first  traceable  ancestors  of  his  present 
self-deceived  foes  were  born,  than  all  the  systematic  Procrustes. 
This  will  not  sound  vain  to  any  one  who  has  ever  studied  the 
subject  at  all.  One  need  not  have  read  many  old  books  nor 
have  lived  long  on  the  human  side  of  Indians,  to  know  more 
than  any  of  the  salaried  gentlemen  who  live  by  the  Indians. 
Without  consulting  a  single  one  of  them,  I  am  willing  to  leave 
the  question  to  any  man  of  national  or  international  reputation 
in  these  lines.  The  sober,  enormous  truth  is  that  our  present 
Indian  service  is  a  political  machine.  There  is  not  one  scholar 
remotely  connected  with  it,  nor,  so  far  as  I  know,  in  remote 
sympathy  with  it.  The  only  men  who  do  sympathize  with  it 
are  the  border  tough  and  the  Service  officeholder. 

I  intend  to  say  much  more  about  this  matter.  It  concerns 
all  the  nation  I  love,  particularly  the  West.  And  I  will  say 
not  only  no  word  that  is  not  true,  but  no  word  I  am  not  ready 
to  prove  anywhere.  I  ask  nothing  better  than  the  chance  to 
prove,  before  their  own  audiences,  that  these  whom  I  accuse 
never  did  and  never  can  talk  to  an  unspoiled  Indian,  nor  with 
any  Indian  till  he  has  learned  what  they  are  too  lazy  to  learn  ; 
that  they  are  as  ignorant  of  history,  of  ethnology  and  of  evo- 
lution as  the  Indian  himself,  except  that  they  know  the  dic- 
tionary names  ;  and  that  they  are  no  less  heartless  than  the 
Apaches  whose  roasted  victims  I  have  seen  "pegged  out" — 
only  that  they  fool  themselves  (as  well  as  us)  into  believing 
that  their  torture  is  a  means  of  grace.  And  if  I  seem  to  bear 
hard  on  the  men  who  make  the  system,  my  only  intrinsic  hope 
is  to  touch  those  who  do  the  largest  work  in  it  and  draw  the 
smallest  salaries  ;  who  are  mostly  less  influential  but  more 
human.  And  above  all,  to  stir  the  big  American  conscience 
in  which,  slow  as  it  is,  I  believe  as  I  do  in  my  mother. 
[to  be  continued.] 


148 

^  Arizona's  Biggest  Gold  Mine, 


BY    SHARLOT   M.    HALL. 


INMOST  midway,  as  the  miles  go,  between 
Prescott  and  Phoenix,  but  a  little  to  the 
west  of  the  Santa  Fe,  Prescott  and  Phoenix 
railway,  just  where  the  Hassayampa  mount- 
ains tumble  their  tons  of  sun-bleached 
granite  abruptly  into  the  skirts  of  the  des- 
ert and  the  tourist  going  south  finds  the 
first  giant  cactus  elbowing  the  last  pinon,  is 
one  of  the  most  "typical"  things  in  Ari- 
zona— only  a  little  bigger  than  the  rest. 
It  is  unfortunate  that  just  about  this 
point  the  casual  traveler  is  too  busy  reconstructing  his  notions 
of  Southwestern  geography  and  straining  his  eyes  for  the  first 
glimpse  of  a  desert  that  does  not  materialize,  to  guess  that  the 
twinkling  lights  up  the  mountain  side  beyond  Congress  Junc- 
tion mark  something  better  worth  seeing  than  miles  of  veri- 
fied atlas. 

The  axis  of  the  earth  may  not  stick  out  visibly  in  this  re- 
gion, but  the  ribs  of  the  continent  do  ;  and  some  restless  pros- 
pector delving  among  the  disjointed  vertebrae  struck  one  of 
those  "pay  streaks"  with  which  nature  sometimes  chinks  her 
most  unpromising  handiwork. 

The  landscape  immediately  about  Congress  inclines  to  the 
perpendicular,  with  no  suggestion  of  effort  wasted  in  fertility. 
If  Josh  Billings  could  have  cast  his  eye  over  the  rocky  hillside, 
spattered  with  the  quartzy  line  of  Congress  ledge,  he  would 
have  amended  his  famous  remark  about  piety  and  beans,  and 
added  that  gold  also  seems  to  flourish  best  in  the  poorest 
soil.  The  very  Cacti  look  dizzy  with  clinging  to  their  uncer- 
tain perches,  and  the  mill  buildings  rest  on  made  foundations 
or  straddle  over  ditches  and  boulders  like  Landes  peasants  on 
stilts.  But  a  minins:  camp  would  not  be  "typical"  if  nature 
had  pre-ordained  its  site  for  a  human  dwelling  place — or  its  in- 
habitants for  neighbors.  Congress  had  more  to  recommend  it 
than  convenience  ;  it  had  wealth. 

Forming  one  segment  of  a  circle  which  has  given  the  min- 
ing history  of  Arizona  its  farthest-known  names,  it  is  little 
wonder  that  scarcity  of  water  did  not  deter  nor  greatly  delay 
prospecting  in  the  Congress  hills. 

From  the  dump  at  the  mouth  of  the  main  shaft  a  triple- 
notched  peak  thirty  miles  to  the  southward  marks  the  Vulture, 
once  a  Dorado  of  fabulous  richness  ;  as  far  to  the  west  is  the 
Bullard,  held  for  half  a  million  in  gold,  and  like  to  bring  its 
price,  and  to  the  east  are  Stanton,  Rich  Hill,  and  Weaver  of 
evil  reputation  but  the  heart  of  a  rich  placer  belt. 


ARIZONA'S   BIGGEST  GOLD    MINE. 


149 


Though  pros- 
pectors came  and 
went  through 
this  section  in 
the  days  of  the 
Argonauts,  it  is 
only  about 
twelve  years 
vsince  the  origi- 
nal owner  of 
Congress  came 
down  the  little 
canon  * ' at  the 
wake  end  of  a 
burro,"  and 
selecting  a  fa- 
vorable location 
on  the  big  ledge 
which  may  be 
traced  a  mile  or 
two  across  the 
hills,  presently 
uncovered  *  *  py- 
rats  as  big  as  me 
fist,  sure"  and 
rich  enough  to 
warrant  a  pro- 
longed celebra- 
tion. 

Whether 
through  this 
cheerful  tenden- 
cy, or  in  defer- 
ence to  a  proverb 
current  among 
old  prospectors, 
that  the  man 
who  strikes  a 
big  lode  never 
makes  a  stake 
out  of  it,  the 
discoverer  of 
Arizona's  rich- 
est gold  mine 
drifts  about  the 
camp  in  time- 
worn  jumper 
and   overalls. 

The  propertj' 


C.  M.Davis  Eng.  Co. 


AT  THK  1850-FOOT  IvSVEL. 


ARIZONA'S    BIGGEST  GOLD   MINE. 

changed  hands  a  good  many  times  in  the  early  years  following 
its  discovery  before  coming  to  its  present  owners,  the  Congress 
Gold  Company,  an  association  of  experienced  mining  men  who 
have  made  it  a  standard  for  progressive  and  successful  opera- 
tions. There  is  not  today  a  better  ordered  camp  in  the  South- 
west nor  one  in  which  employers  and  employed  work  in  greater 
harmony. 

An  old  man  sweeping  the  already  clean  floor  of  the  shaft- 
house  leaned  on  his  broom  and  said  with  a  leisurely  smile  of  pro- 
prietorship :  ** Twenty  years  I've  worked  for  Mr.  Gage; 
Tombstone  first,  then  right  here  at  Congress  ever  since  the 


C.  M.  Davis  Kng.  Co. 


TAILING-DUMP   AND   LOCOMOTIVK. 


Photo,  by  Hamaker. 


company  came.  That  boy  over  yonder  hasn't  lost  a  shift  in 
four  years  ;  lots  of  the  men  have  worked  two  and  three  years 
without  a  lay-ofi".  Nobody  quits  here  except  to  die  or  to  go  to 
work  for  himself — and  we're  mostly  too  busy  to  die" — a 
statement  borne  out  by  the  meagerly  filled  little  graveyard  across 
the  canon  back  of  the  town.  Though,  perhaps,  its  tenantless 
condition  is  due  in  part  to  the  scarcity  of  saloons  that  usually 
form  such  a  liberal  portion  of  a  mining  camp,  for  here  those 
vultures  must  perforce  set  themselves  apart,  with  their  black 
kin  of  the  desert,  beyond  the  limits  of  Company  ground. 

The  atmosphere  of  the  camp  (and  incidentally  its  difference 
from  some  other  mining  camps)   is  indicated  by  that  one  re- 


154 


LAND    OF  SUNSHINE 


SLUM-POOI,   AT   CYANIDE    PlyANT. 

mark,  *'  Nobody  quits."  Many  of  the  miners  have  built  neat 
little  houses  and  have  their  families  with  them  ;  and  though 
there  are  not  probably  two  dozen  men  of  any  one  nationality 
among  the  350  or  more  employed  in  mill  and  mine,  it  is 
"home"  to  all  alike.  A  school-house  that  would  do  credit  to 
a  prosperous  village  overflows  with  sun-browned  children,  and 
the  camp  even  boasts  of  a  tennis  court  tipped  up  against  a 
grand  slope  overlooking  the  town. 

All  this  busy  life  centers  around  some  big  red-roofed  build- 
ings high  up  on  the  hill,  and  some  cool,  dark  openings  in  the 


TAKING  OUT  ORE. 


ARIZONA'S   BIGGEST  GOLD    MINE. 


^55 


mountain  side  whence  come  the  '^sinews  of  war" — a  car  a  day 
of  concentrates  and  fifteen  tons  of  shipping  ore,  with  the  larg- 
est cyanide  plant  in  the  United  States  pounding  away  on  the 
tailings  to  run  the  monthly  tally  up  by  many  thousands. 

The  reduction  works  at  Congress  consist  of  a  forty-stamp 
mill  and  the  above  mentioned  cyanide  plant.  The  mill  has 
some  of  the  finest  machinery  in  the  West  and  eats  up  one 
hundred  tons  of  ore  a  day  as  easily  as  a  hungry  man  eats  din- 
ner. Coming  up  four  cars  at  a  time  from  the  stopes  and  work- 
ings, hundreds  of  feet  below,  the  ore  is  dumped  on  ''grizzlies" 
to  sort  itself,  much   as   oranges   and   potatoes  are   sorted  for 


SOME   OF  THE   CONGRESS   ROCKS. 


market,  the  oversize  going  to  two  huge  Blake  crushers  where 
it  is  chewed,  literally,  in  the  awesome  iron  jaws  to  the  required 
size.  Slipping  on  into  storage  bins  it  is  fed  out  through  Tul- 
lock  feeders  to  the  forty  850-pound  stamps  that  out-distance 
the  seconds,  and  drop  six  inches  ninety  times  a  minute.  The 
mill-house  rocks  and  roars  like  a  ship  in  a  stormy  sea,  or  a  city 
in  the  gripe  of  an  earthquake,  as  the  great  stamps  rise  and 
fall.  In  sets  of  five,  with  rhythmic  movement  of  clock-work, 
they  beat  up  and  down,  strong  pulses  from  the  mighty  heart  of 
gain. 

The  rock-pulp,  wet  now,  flows  from  the  stamps  to  the  van- 
ners,  twenty  ever-shaking,  endless  belts,  like  broad   dining 


ARIZONA'S   BIGGEST  GOLD    MINE.  i57 

tables  ;  it  is  **  concentrates"  at  last,  and  with  a  brief  interval 
of  draining  on  the  sand  filter  is  ready  to  go,  all  moist  and  un- 
sacked,  into  the  cars  for  shipment  to  the  smelter  at  El  Paso. 
It  is  done  with,  so  far  as  the  mill  is  concerned  ;  but  partly 
because  the  water  supply  is  short ;  for  every  quart  of  water 
used  in  mill,  mine  and  camp  comes  from  Martinez  Creek,  a 
mile  away,  and  is  raised  500  feet  to  get  it  over  the  intervening 
mountain.  There  is  some  gold  left  in  the  car-loads  of  tailings 
that  are  rolled  out  on  long  trestles  and  dumped  in  putty- 
colored  mountains  below  the  mill. 

A  great  mine  is  not  unlike  a  well  managed  household  ;  there 
are  no  wastes  permitted,  small  or  great  ;  so  in  the  spring  of 
1895  ^  cyanide  plant  with  a  capacity  of  100  tons  a  day  was 
put  in  to  work  on  these  gold-bearing  tailings. 

The  ninety-ton  leaching  tanks,  pumps,  pipe  lines,  zinc 
boxes  and  mechanical  roaster  form  another  plant,  approaching 
the  stamp  mill  in  size  and  even  more  interesting. 

"  Cyaniding,"  as  it  is  briefly  called,  is  a  comparatively  new 
treatment,  and  its  principles  are  but  dimly  understood  except 
by  persons  actively  engaged  in  the  work. 

That  gold  is  as  soluble  in  certain  solutions  as  a  lump  of 
sugar  in  water  is  a  surprising  statement  to  the  average  mortal, 
yet  it  is  quite  true,  and  is  the  basis  of  all  gold-plating  pro- 
cesses used  by  manufacturing  jewelers  as  well  as  of  the  cyanide 
treatment  for  ores  and  tailings. 

At  Congress  the  process  is  adapted  to  local  circumstances  ; 
the  tailing  dumps  are  plowed  to  assist  in  drying  them,  and  the 
dry  product  carried  by  wheel  scrapers  to  a  pulverizer  from 
which  it  is  discharged  by  an  elevator  to  the  storage  bins  and 
thence  to  the  self-feeder  of  the  furnace. 

In  the  long  furnace,  capable  of  roasting  one  hundred  tons  a 
day,  each  "roast"  stays  four  hours,  passing  to  a  cooler  and  at 
last,  as  needed,  to  the  leaching  tanks.  Here,  in  a  solution  of 
cyanide  of  potassium,  the  gold  is  dissolved  and  drawn  off  by 
filtration,  leaving  the  sand  and  waste  behind.  The  filtered 
solution  next  enters  an  intricate  arrangement  of  boxes  filled 
with  shavings  of  pure  zinc,  where  the  gold  is  precipitated,  and 
the  water,  carrying  some  zinc  and  the  remaining  cyanide,  goes 
on  to  storage  tanks,  from  which  it  is  used  over  and  over  again. 
For  water  is  next  in  value  to  gold  at  Congress,  and  never  a 
drop  is  wasted. 

The  cyanide  treatment  changes  the  tailings  from  a  dirty 
white  color  to  red,  and  the  busy  plant  is  hemming  itself  in 
with  great  mountains  of  impalpable  red  dust  that  wheels  in 
blinding  clouds  before  the  desert  wind.  Contrasting  sharply 
with  the  red  waste  of  the  cyanide  plant  looms  up  the  tons  of 
dump  from  the  mill,  enough  tailings,  it  is  said,  to  keep  the 
lower  plant  running  night  and  day  for  five  years  if  the  mill 


158  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

were  to  shut  down  tomorrow  and  not  crush  another  pound  of 
ore  in  that  time. 

The  mine  itself  is  made  up  of  twenty-three  claims,  following 
the  snake-like  trail  of  the  croppings  across  the  hills.  There 
are  three  big  openings  in  the  mountain-side  along  the  Con- 
gress vein,  and  two  smaller  but  very  important  ones  on  the 
parallel  Niagara  ledge.  The  main  shaft,  No.  2,  is  nearing  the 
2500-foot  level,  and  still  the  beautiful  white  quartz,  rich  with 
sparkling  iron  pyrites,  goes  on  to  unguessed  depths.  Another 
shaft,  650  feet,  and  another  something  less,  are  connected  with 
No.  2  by  levels  at  intervals  of  three  hundred  feet,  the  levels 
serving  to  perfect  the  air  circulation  and  to  facilitate  working. 
There  is  free  passage  through  the  thousand  foot  tunnels  from 
shaft  to  shaft  all  over  the  mine,  and  it  is  said  that  ten  miles 
would  scarcely  cover  the  horizontal  workings. 

Congress  is  not  a  wet  mine  nor  a  warm  one  ;  no  water  has 
been  found  so  far  (except  a  small  seep  in  the  shaft  near  the 
1800-foot  level),  hardly  enough  to  wet  one's  shoes  ;  and  possi- 
bly because  the  shaft  follows  the  dip  of  the  ledge,  having  an 
incline  of  only  about  thirty  degrees,  the  deeper  levels  are  cool 
and  pleasant.  A  forest  of  Oregon  pine  has  been  stowed  away 
in  timbering  this  gold-lined  under-world,  and  the  waste  trap- 
rock  and  tailings  taken  out  have  filled  up  cartons  and  built  new 
mountains  rivaling  the  old.  Half  of  the  waste  perhaps  never 
sees  daylight,  but  is  used  to  fill  up  worked-out  stopes  and 
drifts,  so  the  immense  dumps  are  a  very  modest  index  to  the 
underground  workings. 

Mine,  mills,  and  all  company  buildings  are  lighted  by  elec- 
tricity, and  the  company  owns  and  operates  its  own  railroad 
connecting  the  mine  with  the  main  line  between  Prescott  and 
Phoenix.  A  wonderful  road  it  is,  with  sharper  curves  and 
heavier  grades  and  more  of  them  to  its  four  miles  than  are  to 
be  found  on  any  other  standard  gauge  road  in  the  United 
States  (a  thirty  degree  curve  is  coming  close  to  railroading 
around  a  corner,  and  five  per  cent,  grades  are  not  seen  every 
day),  getting  up  the  mountain  at  last  by  a  series  of  switch- 
backs to  the  very  mouth  of  the  mine  and  discharging  its 
freight  on  the  edge  of  a  sky-sweeping  view. 

To  be  "typical"  a  mining-camp  must  have  two  distinct 
sections,  "  Mill  Town"  and  *' Lower  Town."  Mill  Town  at 
Congress,  with  its  store,  ofiices,  bunk-house,  and  homes  of  the 
employees,  toes  the  line  along  the  railroad  track  with  con- 
scious virtue  :  it  is  a  place  where  good  people  eat  and  sleep 
between  times  of  working,  and,  considering  the  lack  of  water, 
it  has  a  right  to  be  proud  of  itself.  Lower  Town,  straggling 
along  the  canon  half  a  mile  below,  is  like  all  of  its  kind — only 
more  so  ;  a  few  less  pretentious  frame  buildings,  a  few  more 
roofless  adobes  and  canvas  lean-tos,  with  acres  of  battered  tin 
cans  and  ragged  gunny  sacks  between. 


A    COWBOY'S   PENCIL.  I59 

Two  fires  in  ten  months  have  nipped  its  enthusiasm,  and 
besides  in  a  climate  where  clothing  is  a  concession  to  preju- 
dice, houses  are  superfluous. 

Its  citizens  would  be  as  typical  in  Klondike  or  Kimberly  ; 
they  have  foregathered  from  all  ends  of  the  earth  and  no  man 
knows  his  neighbor's  mother  tongue  or  the  gods  he  was  born 
to.  Gold  is  the  business  of  life  and  delvers  into  ancient  his- 
tory are  not  encouraged. 

There  are  no  holidays  at  Congress  ;  down  in  the  mine  the 
cables  whiz  and  picks  tap  day  and  night,  week  in  and  week 
out,  the  year  through.  Nothing  stops,  except  when  once  a 
month  the  forty  rumbling  stamps  stand  still  for  a  few  hours, 
and  a  "clean  up"  is  made.  Then  all  ears  ache  with  the 
silence  till  the  thud  and  roar  begin  again. 

The  mountain  sides  all  along  are  dotted  with  fresh  dumps 
and  burrowing  prospect  holes — for  every  miner  in  camp  is 
ambitious  to  "strike  another  Congress,"  another  lead  that 
will  turn  out  3,600  ounces  of  gold  a  month  and  keep  it  up  as 
regular  as  the  march  of  the  seasons. 

Prescott,  Ariz. 

*  A  Cowboy's  Pencil!" 

REAIv  cowboy,  by  the  way,  and  not  a  Buffalo  Bill 
melodrama  of  that  much  abused  and  much  distorted 
class  ;  a  quiet,  sober,  hard-fisted,  hard-working  com- 
peller  of  cattle  on  the  great  ranges,  not  a  dime-novel,  six- 
shootering  rioter.  In  a  word,  as  Hough  puts  it  in  his  sane 
and  authoritative  book,  '*  not  a  freak  but  a  factor."  It  is  one 
thing  to  "  shoot  up  the  town  "  in  a  circus  tent,  and  play  cow- 
boy with  variations  for  the  amaze  of  Eastern  "culture," 
which  likes  to  think  of  the  West  as  fierce  and  "  woolly ;  "  it  is 
very  much  another  thing  to  be  a  real  cowboy.  One  is  play 
and  a  good  salary,  the  other  hard  work  and  small  pay  ;  but 
somehow  the  manlier.  That  is  doubtless  the  reason  why  the 
best  cowboys  do  not  adorn  the  Wild  West  shows.  There  have 
been  and  are  daredevils  and  desperadoes  on  the  "  range  ;  " 
but  the  vast  majority  of  these  men  of  the  wilderness  are  serious, 
steady,  manly  men,  not  vaudeville  fire-eaters.  If  this  were 
not  true,  the  West  would  not  have  been  conquered  to  civiliza- 
tion, that's  all ;  for  it  was  men's  work — not  child's  play  nor 
horse  play.  It  was  as  sturdy  and  noble  a  pioneering  as  Daniel 
Boone's  ;  an  accomplishment  that  any  sort  of  sober  thought 
must  realize  was  not  achieved  by  any  dime-museum  freaks.  It 
needed  men — and  it  had  them,  and  still  has. 

I  have  known  cowboys  with  college  degrees  and  cowboys 
who  could  not  read  ;  gentle  cowboys  and  rough  ones  ;  ex- 
perts and  the  ruck  ;  thousands  of  them  in  all,    and  in  many 

•  Illustrated  from  drawings  by  Kd.  Borein. 


C.  M.  Davis  Enp.  Co  qNE    OF   THE    RURAI^ES. 

5th  Corps,  Celaya. 


A    COWBOY'S   PENCIL. 


163 


lands  between  Idaho  and  Argentina  ;  but  very  seldom  a  scrub 
and  not  often  a  fool.  It  is  a  hard,  dry  life,  which  breeds  vir- 
ility, indeed,  but  has  few  **  advantages  "  as  we  use  the  word. 
And  to  those  who  know  that  life  there  is  a  dignity  in  its  men 
— above  all  in  those  who  try  to  be  not  only  good  cowboys  but 
something  more. 

Bd.  Borein,  some  of  whose  drawings  are  here  reproduced,  is 
an  average  cowboy,  perhaps,  of  this  latter  day.  A  quiet,  mod- 
est, unassuming  boy — for  he  is  not  much  more  by  the  almanac, 
though  a  good  deal  more  in  the  fiber  of  his  spine — his  school 
has  been  the  cattle-ranges  of  California  and  Mexico  ;  his  book. 
Nature  ;  his  tools  the  reata ;  his  home  a  California  saddle. 
And  yet  he  has  other  horizons. 

There  is  no  pretense  here  of  having  discovered  '  *  some  mute, 
inglorious  Remington  '*  (as  if  a  mute  Remington  could  fail 
to  be  rather  glorious) ;  but  here  certainly  is  a  young  man  who 
has  had  no  chance  to  learn  technique,  nor  much  of  any  other 
chance,  yet  draws,  despite  many  crudities,  with  a  certain  fresh- 
ness and  feeling — with  an  unmistakable  sincerity,  which  is 
more  than  can  p^ft.  .^tois^  be  said  of  some  of  his  big- 
gers.  It  does  not  \^uKm  ^^^^  ^^^  Successful  Ones  so 
dear  to  draw  as  yiw^W        it  does  this  tired  "puncher," 


'^^y.Xi*'^^^^ 


C.  M.  Davis  Eng.  Co 


A   RANCHERO   OF  GUADAI^AJARA. 


i64 


LAND    OK  SUNSHINE. 


C.  M.  Davis  En?.  Co. 


A  JAWSCO   TYPE. 


toiling  over  his  paper 
after  a  day's  work  that 
would  send  an  easy  mas- 
ter to  bed  for  a  week. 

Borein  was  born  in  San 
I^eandro,    Cal.,  in   1873. 
His  father  was  an  "  old- 
timer,"  a  deputy  of  the 
famous     sheriff     Harry 
Morse.     A  little  turn  in 
the  public  schools,  a  few 
months  in  an  architect's 
ofi&ce,  a  year  as  carpen- 
ter's   apprentice  —  and 
then  the  boy  "bought  a 
good  horse  and  lit  out  " 
to  the   open  which  had 
always  been  calling  him. 
A  little  contact  with  I^. 
Maynard      Dixon,      the 
most   promising   of   the 
younger  California  illus- 
trators and  the  one  like- 
liest to  understand  him, 
confirmed       Borein's 
youthful  thirst  for  draw- 
ing— but  did  not  by  any 
means  give  him  a  liveli- 
hood.    That  he  found  in 
a  calling  not   unnatural 
to  his  love  of  the  saddle 
and  the  wilds  ;  and  pres- 
ently  he  was  a  cowboy 
on     the     Jesus      Maria 
rancho  in  Santa  Barbara 
county.     After     some 
years  there  he  was  awhile 
on  the    Mali- 
bu,     whose 
owner,  F.  H. 
Rindge,      en- 
couraged him 
and     helped 
out  his  ambi- 
tion  to  work 
his       way 
through  Mex- 
ico.   He  over- 


,i^- 


Oy  THH 


A    COWBOY'S    PENCIL. 


165 


ran  the  peninsula  of  Lower  California, 
horseback  ;  and  later  the  Mexican 
States  of  Sinaloa,  Jalisco  and  Colima, 
and  in  general  the  roughest  and  least 
known  parts  of  the  Republic.  He  is 
now  in  New  Mexico,  cowboying,  draw- 
ing from  life  ;  working  and  learning  ; 
unassuming  and  persistent. 

C.  F.  L. 


Mex. 

BY   SAM    T.    CLOVER. 

The  city  chokes  me  !     Burning  in  my  breast 
I  feel  an  ardent  longing  for  the  West — 
The  broad  free  prairies  and  the  pure  ozone  — 
Which  man  may  breathe  in  comfort  all 

alone ! 
I'm  not  content !     I  mope  and  wonder  when 
My  feet  may  stray  to  those  old  haunts  again. 

Content  ?     Not  I. 
I  want  my  freedom  and  the  pure,  clear  sky  ; 
I  long  for  Mex — my  little  bronco  mare — 
I  want  the  prairie  and  my  gallops  there  ! 
Those  mad,  wild  dashes  on  the  yielding  sod 
Unknown  to  plowshare  and  by  man  untrod  ; 
Lord  !  how  the  blood  went  tingling  thro' 

my  veins 
As  on  we  sped  across  the  boundless  plains  ; 
In  long,  delicious  breaths  I  drank  the  air 
And  thought  that  life  was  never  half  so  fair ! 
All  cares  and  troubles  lingering  far  behind^ 
My  soul  was  mated  to  the  morning  wind. 
I  yelled  to  Mex,  and,  throwing  loose  the  reiu, 
A  thousand  fancies  flitted  through  my  brain; 
No  more  a  plodding  scribe,  unknown  to 

fame, 
I  dreamed  of  fortune  and  an  honored  name  ; 
No  longer  scorned,  I  fancied  that  instead 
The  critics  heaped  the  laurels  on  my  head — 
Just  then,  alas  !  the  iron  pierced  my  soul. 
For  horse  and  rider  tumbled  in  a  hole  ! 

Then,  more  sedate, 
We  traveled  homeward  at  a  steadier  gait ; 
The  little  mare,  still  restive  at  the  bit, 
And  half  inclined,  at  times,  to  swallow  it — 
Anxious  as  ever  for  a  reckless  run — 

And  caring  nothing  for  the  rising  sun. 

But  I,  poor  mortal,  blind  to  nature's 
,/C(/  beauties, 

^^r      Thought  of  my  morning  task  and 
daily  duties  ; 

And  so,  despite  her  jerks  and  angry 
frown. 

We  both  reluctantly  returned  to  town. 


ONE  OF  THE        BOSSES. 


Managing  Editor  Chicago  Evening  Post. 


-^rxt^..    Atxjt^*'      ^^■ 


GOING  TO   THE   RODEO,   BAJA   CAI^IFORNIA. 


TAIWNG  "  A  STEER. 


RUNNING  WITH   THE   ROPK. 


[68 

'  Early  California, 

UNPUBLISHED    DOCUMENTS-THE    VICEROY'S    REPORT 
CONTINUED. 

CONTINUATION  of  the  report  of  the  Viceroy  of  Mexico,  the 
Count  of  Revilla  Gigedo,  on  the  history  of  California  from 
1768  to  1793,  follows  : 

1^108.  All  these  matters  I  took  into  consideration  when  formulating 
the  rules  which  ad  interim  govern  in  San  Bias,  and  by  which  I  order 
that  double  the  salaries  and  rewards  fixed  by  the  "Reglamento"  of  the 
South  Sea  should  be  paid,  as  had  been  done  by  the  Viceroy,  Frey  don 
Antonio  Bucareli,  in  virtue  of  royal  orders  commanding  him  to  take 
this  step,  and  by  which  afterwards  his  measures  were  approved. 

109.  However,  I  economized  as  much  as  possible  in  the  pay  of  the 
ships'  companies  without  injuring  the  interested  parties,  and  in  my 
letter,  No.  191,  of  December  27,  1789,  I  reported  to  His  Majesty,  enclos- 
ing a  copy  of  the  provisional  "Reglamento"  and  timely  remarks  on  this 
subject. 

The  English  Vessels  are  Set  at  Liberty. 

1 10.  Many  were  the  inquiries  I  instituted  after  receiving  information 
of  the  detention  and  taking  of  the  English  dispatch  boat  and  bilander. 
It  always  seemed  to  me  that  the  temporary  commander  of  Nutka,  don 
Estevan  Jose  Martinez,  had  acted  hastily  ;  that  no  good  could  result 
from  complaints  impossible  to  investigate,  extravagant  claims  for  dam- 
ages ;  and  that  the  royal  treasury  had  really  suflfered  loss  by  maintain- 
ing decorously  and  generously  the  English  prisoners,  keeping  their 
vessels  in  repair  and  furnishing  to  them  everything  necessary  for  the  free 
return  to  Macao. 

111.  The  captains,  James  Colnet  of  the  "Argonauta"  and  his  em- 
ploye, Thomas  Hudson  of  the  bilander  "Princess  Royal"  requested 
permission  from  me  to  come  to  this  capital  (Mexico)  and  I  conceded  it. 
They  presented  their  complaints  against  Martinez,  aad  I  ordered  an  in- 
vestigation to  be  instituted  against  him,  but  these  proceedings  could 
not  be  continued  as  it  had  been  necessary  to  employ  the  accused  and 
some  of  the  witnesses  in  commissions  and  the  service  of  the  king,  and 
also  because  the  plaintiffs  desired  their  prompt  liberty  and  could  not 
conveniently  await  the  end  of  an  ordinary  law  suit. 

1 12.  The  fact  is  that  Colnet  had  established  himself  on  our  northern 
coasts  of  the  Californias  without  just  title,  and  in  a  harbor  and  territory 
of  which  formal  possession  had  been  taken  in  the  year  1774  by  the 
brevet  lieutenant  of  the  second  class,  don  Juan  Perez. 

113.  It  is  also  proven  that  Martinez,  in  taking  prisoners  the  English 
vessels  and  all  the  foreigners  that  had  entered  the  harbor  of  San  Lo- 
renzo de  Nutka,  could  base  his  action  upon  the  royal  "  cedula  "  of 
November  25,  1692  ;  the  treaty  of  peace  of  1670,  to  which  said  **  cedula  " 
refers,  ratified  and  confirmed  by  the  treaty  of  1783;  upon  article  II, 
treatise  (tratado)  6th,  title  5th,  part  1st  of  the  Ordinances  of  the  royal 
navy;  and  upon  the  peremptory  royal  order  of  October  18,  1776,  trans- 
mitted to  the  viceroy,  don  Antonio  Bucareli,  to  detain,  take  prisoner  and 
prosecute  by  law  whatsoever  foreign  vessel  should  arrive  in  our  ports  of  the 
South  Sea. 

114.  Finally  there  is  no  doubt  that,  running  all  these  risks,  Colnet 
had  entered  the  port  of  San  Lorenzo.  John  Mears  ran  the  same  risks 
when  he  was  at  Clayucat,  traded  with  the  Indians,  and  built  the  miser- 
able abandoned  hovel  (xacal)  or  hut,  which  is  used  as  a  pretext  whereon 
to  base  an  imaginary  right  in  opposition  to  the  legitimate  and  perfect 
title  possessed  by  the  king  of  Spain  to  a  harbor  and  territory  discovered 


EARLY   CALIFORNIA.  169 

and  acquired  by  the  commander  of  an  expedition  undertaken  in  vessels 
of  his  royal  navy  and  at  the  expense  of  his  royal  treasury. 

115.  In  my  opinion  all  these  reasons  remove  the  causes  for  com- 
plaint on  the  part  of  the  English  about  detaining  their  two  small  ves- 
sels, whose  profit  derived  from  the  fur  trade  could  never  have  been  so 
enormous  as  Mears  claims  in  his  statements ;  but  in  reference  to  this 
matter,  which  was  also  one  of  those  I  tried  to  end  in  preference,  I  re- 
fer to  the  statements  and  documents  contained  in  my  letters,  numbers 
530  and  538,  of  March  1st  and  2d,  1790,  addressed  to  the  Ministry  of  the 
General  Offices  of  War  and  Treasury  of  the  Indies  in  charge  of  don  Fr. 
Antonio  Vald^z  ;  and  to  numbers  87,  91,  126  and  132  of  March  31,  April 
30  and  November  30,  1792,  forwarded  to  the  Count  de  Aranda,  prede- 
cessor of  Your  Excellency  in  the  Ministry  of  State. 

Boundary  Expedition. 

116.  Through  this  medium  I  received  the  copies  of  the  convention 
made  between  our  Court  and  the  one  of  St.  James  on  October  20,  1790, 
and  dififerent  other  communications  of  anterior  and  posterior  dates  re- 
lating to  this  important  and  grave  matter. 

1 17.  All  these  dispositions  had  for  their  object  that  the  just  rights  of 
our  sovereign  should  be  protected,  without  infringing  upon  the  points 
amicably  settled  in  reference  to  fisheries,  navigation  and  trade  in  the 
Pacific  ocean  and  South  sea. 

118.  Our  king  has  undoubtedly  just  titles  to  the  dominion  of  the 
coasts  situated  in  the  N.  W.  of  North  America,  and  to  the  adjoining 
islands,  because  we  have  occupied  during  a  period  of  nearly  three  cen- 
turies a  considerable  part  thereof ;  repeatedly  costly  expeditions  for 
discovering  and  settling  them  have  been  undertaken,  as  well  at  the  ex- 
pense of  the  king's  treasury,  as  with  funds  of  his  vassals.  Formal  pos- 
sessions have  been  taken  in  the  royal  name  of  His  Majesty  of  every- 
thing discovered.  Settlements  of  foreign  powers  and  the  navigation  of 
their  vessels  have  always  been  prohibited,  and  proceedings  were  insti- 
tuted against  the  violators  of  the  treaties  of  peace  wherein  it  is  declared 
and  decided. 

1 19.  For  these  reasons  I  stated  in  my  letters,  numbers  34  and  44,  of 
March  27  and  September  1,  1791,  as  I  do  in  this  detailed  report,  that  the 
subjects  of  His  Majesty  were  never  dispossessed  of  lands  or  buildings  on 
the  frontier  coasts  (costas  avanzadas)  to  the  north  of  our  peninsula  of 
the  Californias,  but  that  I  was  ready  to  comply  punctually  with  the  pro- 
visions of  article  1  of  the  convention  of  October  28,  1790. 

120.  I  also  stated  in  the  same  letter,  that  in  my  opinion  the  compen- 
sation provided  in  article  2  had  been  made,  and  I  believe  to  have  proven 
my  reasons  with  the  documents  which  accompany  the  reports  numbers 
87,  91  and  126,  of  March  31,  April  30  and  November  30,  1790. 

121 .  I  said  nothing  specially  about  the  points  agreed  upon  in  articles 
3  and  4,  because  I  am  aware  that  on  the  coasts  of  the  Pacific  ocean  and 
South  sea,  which  comprehend  our  actual  established  possessions,  there 
are  few  or  no  vacant  localities  (parajes)  whereon  the  English  could  es- 
tablish themselves  and  carry  on  a  trade  with  natives  not  subject  to 
Spanish  dominion. 

122.  After  considering  what  has  been  decided  upon  by  article  5  and 
in  the  royal  order  of  December  25,  1790,  transmitted  to  me  by  the  Count 
de  Florida  Blanca,  in  reference  to  the  English  occupying  in  Nutka 
the  territories  situated  to  the  North,  and  we  those  on  the  southern  part, 
fixing  in  48°  latitude  the  dividing  line  of  the  establishment  of  our  legiti- 
mate ownership  and  those  for  joint  occupancy,  use  and  commerce  by 
both  nations,  I  was  convinced  that  it  might  be  convenient  to  cede 
Nutka  entirely  to  the  English,  and  for  us  to  transfer  that  establishment 
to  one  of  the  best  points  on  Juan  de  Fuca  straits,  and  this  to  be  pre- 
cisely  the  dividing  point,   running  thereform  another  boundary   or 


I70  LAND   OF  SUNSHINE. 

meridian  line  north  and  south  to  60"'.  Thereby  the  English  would  be 
hindered  from  entering  the  province  of  New  Mexico.  In  accordance 
with  these  propositions,  I  said  in  my  mentioned  letters,  numbers  34 
and  44,  that  I  would  formulate  the  instructions  governing  the  person  to 
whom  the  exploration  of  the  northern  coasts  of  the  Californias  and  the 
marking  of  boundaries  would  be  entrusted. 

123.  The  baylio  frey  don  Antonio  Vald^s  had  already  informed  me 
on  this  matter  in  a  royal  order  of  December  11,1 790,  advising  me  that 
the  viceroy  of  Peru  had  received  the  corresponding  command  to  order 
that  a  frigate  should  sail  from  Callao  to  San  Bias,  same  to  be  detailed 
for  the  aforesaid  commission,  leaving  it  at  my  discretion  to  place  this 
man-of-war  under  the  command  of  the  captain  of  the  first-class,  don 
Juan  Francisco  de  la  Bodega  y  Cuadra,  commander  of  the  port  of  San 
Bias,  if  I  thought  that  his  experience  and  knowledge  might  contribute 
to  carry  out  the  work  more  successfully. 

124.  This  the  good  character,  zeal  and  aptitude  of  Cuadra  promised 
me,  whom  I  ordered  at  once  to  come  to  this  capital  (Mexico)  and  I  lost 
not  a  moment  in  making  preparations  beforehand,  so  that  the  supplies 
and  everything  else  which  the  frigate  might  require  should  be  in  readi- 
ness at  its  arrival  in  Acapulco. 

125.  The  man-of-war  "Santa  Gertrudis"  in  command  of  don  Alonzo 
de  Torres,  dropped  anchor  October  31,  1790,  and  after  repairing  the 
damages  suffered  by  a  heavy  storm,  set  sail  December  19  and  arrived  in 
San  Bias,  January  15,  1792. 

126.  All  this  information  I  conveyed  to  the  Count  de  Florida  Blanca 
and  to  don  Antonio  Vald^s  in  my  letters,  numbers  60,  88,  105  and  113 
of  November  17,  January  1,  and  February  3,  of  said  year.  The  letter, 
number  56,  of  October  27,  1791,  to  the  Count  de  Florida  Blanca  was  ac- 
companied by  a  copy  of  the  instructions  given  by  me  to  the  commander 
of  our  boundary  expedition,  don  Juan  de  la  Bodega,  how  to  accomplish 
and  perform  his  commision,  and  how  to  treat  with  and  be  governed  in 
his  actions  with  the  commander  of  the  other  expedition  on  joining  him 
in  Nutka. 

127.  This  letter  was  an  answer  to  the  royal  order  of  June  29,  1791,  in 
which  the  Count  de  Florida  Blanca  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  former 
ones,  promised  to  inform  me  as  to  what  His  Majesty  should  decide  in 
reference  to  my  representations  contained  in  letter  number  34,  ordering 
me.  Ma/  in  any  case  I  should  conduct  myself  in  these  matters,  as  I  had  done 
since  the  beginning  in  matters  relating  to  the  English,  with  no  less  prudence 
than  zeal. 

128.  I  expressed  my  gratitude  for  these  kind  words,  and  reported 
afterwards,  in  letter  No,  64,  of  Nov.  27,  1791,  on  the  active  measures 
taken  by  me  for  sending  the  vessels  of  our  expedition  to  Nutka.  With 
letter  No.  71,  Jan.  3,  1792, 1  transmitted  a  copy  of  the  second  instructions 
delivered  to  the  commander,  don  Juan  de  la  Bodega,  containing  additional 
clauses  to  those  inserted  in  the  first  instruction  I  had  addressed  to  him. 

129.  Although  this  first  one  covered  the  necessary  ground,  I  based 
the  second  upon  the  last  papers  published  by  the  English  under  the 
title  of  appendices  or  supplements  to  Mears'  voyage,  and  making  an 
extract  of  same,  annotating  some  of  its  errors  and  the  weakness  of  its 
argumentation,  I  transmitted  the  whole  to  the  commander  commis- 
sioner. 

130.  He  called  on  me  for  some  necessary  assistance,  which  I  rendered 
promptly,  and  on  the  first  day  of  Ap^,  1792,  he  left  San  Bias  in  the 
"Santa  Gertrudis,"  which  was  under  the  command  of  its  captain,  don 
Alonzo  de  Torres,  and  accompanied  by  the  frigate  "Princesa"  and  the 
new  schooner  (goletaj  "Activa,"  rigged  as  a  barkentine  in  command  of 
I  he  respective  officers :  don  Salvador  Fidalgo,  lieutenant  of  the  first 
i.  lass,  and  don  Salvador  Men^ndez  Valdes,  first  pilot. 

131 .  The  last  two  vessels,  having  suffered  some  damages,  returned  on 


EARLY   CALIFORNIA.  171 

t 
the  same  1st  of  March  into  port.    The  schooner  had  lost  the  main  top- 
masts which  had  certainly  to  be  provided  for  ;  others  had  to  be  replaced  ; 
the  main-topsails  had  to  be  shortened  so  as  to  correspond  to  the  length 
of  the  new  top-masts,  and  other  details  of  work  had  to  be  perfected. 

132.  The  frigate  * '  Princess  "  made  more  than  four  inches  of  water  an 
hour.  Its  hull  was  cleaned  of  eyerything  (se  puso  d  plan  barrido)  and 
the  keel  exposed.  Then  it  was  discovered,  that  the  rats  had  gnawed  and 
penetrated  m  three  different  places  on  the  larboard  side,  and  in  the  stem 
post  near  to  the  rudder  fastenings. 

133.  After  both  vessels  had  been  repaired,  the  schooner  *'  Activa  "  set 
out  again  on  its  voyage,  March  15,  and  the  frigate  "Princesa"  the 
23d  of  the  same  month.  The  one  arrived  without  accident  at  its  destina- 
tion, the  strait  of  Fuca,  and  the  other  at  Nutka. 

134.  The  *'  Santa  Gertrudis  "  made  its  voyage  to  the  same  harbor  in 
60  days,  arriving  more  than  two  months  ahead  of  the  vessels  composing 
the  English  expedition  ;  and  I,  through  the  Count  de  Aranda,  received 
the  royal  order,  dated  February  29,  of  last  year,  approving  all  my  in- 
structions to  the  commander,  don  Juan  de  la  Bodega,  as  also  all  my 
measures  relating  to  the  commission  he  had  been  charged  with  ;  but  I 
was  advised,  that  His  Majesty  would  not  agree  to  the  relinquishment  or 
integral  cession  of  the  establishment  of  Nutka  to  the  English. 

135.  This  cession  might  have  taken  place,  for,  as  I  had  received  no 
answer  to  my  letters  (numbers  34  and  44  of  March  27  and  Sept.  1,  1791) 
nor  any  other  royal  order  besides  the  one  of  June  29  of  the  same  yesu: 
which  entrusted  to  my  zeal  and  prudence  those  determinations  for  sus- 
taining the  King's  rights  in  questions  which  might  arise,  I  ordered  (pre- 
vine)  Bodega  in  article  8  of  the  first  instruction,  that  after  having  made 
delivery  of  Nutka  to  the  English  (as  His  Majesty  had  commanded  by 
another  royal  order  of  May  12,  1791,  which  was  immediately  transmitted 
to  the  commander  of  that  port),  he  should  transfer  our  establishment  to 
that  locality  on  Fuca  strait  offering  the  best  advantages,  and  to  procure 
that  said  place  should  be  the  jjoint  of  the  dividing  line. 

136.  I  was  very  much  pained  for  having  erred  even  if  only  in  this 
measure,  and  it  was  my  desire  to  take  steps  which  would  impede  its 
eff'r'Cts  ;  and  although  the  distance  and  want  of  vessels  at  San  Bias  were 
difficulties  in  the  way  of  applying  remedy,  at  the  first  opportunity  and 
without  loss  of  time  I  dispatched  the  small  schooner  "Saturnina"  to 
Nutka,  communicating  the  royal  order  of  February  29,  1792,  to  the  com- 
mander of  the  expedition,  so  that,  if  it  was  yet  possible,  he  could  com- 
ply with  same. 

137.  This  schooner  arrived  in  the  port  of  San  Francisco,  when 
Cudra  on  his  return  entered  the  harbor  of  Monterey ;  and  as  the  de- 
livery of  Nutka  had  been  suspended  because  the  English  commander, 
George  Vancouver,  would  not  agree  to  its  conditional  surrender,  there 
was  yet  time  to  comply  with  the  contents  of  said  royal  order,  which  Bo- 
dega forwarded  immediately  to  the  lieutenant  of  the  first-class  don  Sal- 
vador Fidalgo,  who  remained  in  command  of  Nutka,  by  the  bilander 
"  Horcasitas  "  which  returned  to  Nutka  in  place  of  the  schooner  **  Sa- 
turnina." 

138.  As  His  Majesty  had  approved  my  measures  in  reference  to  the 
government,  preparation  and  carrying  into  effect  of  the  Boundary  Com- 
mission, and  as  the  only  error  I  committed,  thinking  to  have  rendered 
a  service  to  the  king,  is  remedied,  I  shall  now  report  upon  the  incidents 
which  passed  with  the  English  commander,  his  explorations,  those  un- 
dertaken by  the  commander  of  our  vessels  and  the  ones  to  be  made  in 
the  future.  With  this  matter  and  other  needful  propositions,  I  shall 
end  this  unavoidably  detailed  report. 

139.  The  English  frigate  ''Dedalo"  which  left  Portsmouth  August 
18,  1791,  under  the  command  of  Captain  Thomas  New,  arrived  at  Nutka 
July  4,  1792  with  supplies  for  the  vessels  commanded  by  Vancouver  and 


172  LAND    OF  SUNSHINE. 

brought  instructons  for  him  from  His  Britannic  Majesty  to  take  posses- 
sion of  the  buildings  and  territories,  which  were  supposed  to  have  been 
occupied  by  English  subjects  in  April,  1789. 

140.  Richard  August,  lieutenant  of  the  royal  navy,  was  the  bearer  of 
said  instructions  contained  in  the  royal  order  of  May  28,  1791,  which 
the  Count  de  Florida  Blanca  addressed  to  the  commander  of  Nutka  for 
the  purpose  of  surrendering  said  English  possessions ;  but  August  was 
killed  by  the  Sandwich  Islanders  and  the  captain  of  the  '*  Dedalo," 
New,  substituted  him. 

141.  Even  if  this  ojficer  could  treat  at  once  with  reference  to  the  de- 
livery, he  and  the  commander  of  our  expedition  agreed  with  pleasure 
to  suspend  everything  until  the  arrival  of  the  principal  commissioner, 
Vancouver. 

142.  The  last  named  finally  arrived  at  Nutka,  and  Cuadra,  in  com- 
pliance with  his  orders,  consequently  offered  the  English  commander 
to  place  him  in  possession  of  the  territories  which  Mears  had  enjoyed, 
and  to  cede  to  him  the  houses,  gardens,  storehouses  and  shops  of  our 
establishments,  without  prejudice  to  the  legitimate  right  by  which  we 
had  occupied  it,  and  with  the  understanding  that  on  the  part  of  the 
Spanish,  the  English  should  never  experience  any  act  of  violence  nor 
suffer  the  slightest  injury.  But  Vancouver,  cutting  off  all  discussion 
on  the  matter,  solely  insisted  in  his  answer  :  that  formal  surrender  with- 
out any  restriction  should  be  made  to  him  of  all  the  territory  of  Nutka; 
that  the  Spanish  flag  should  be  hauled  down  ;  and,  his  sovereign  to  be 
recognized  as  the  sole  lord  of  that  port. 

143.  Cuadra  was  ever  ready  to  accede  to  everything  regular  and  just. 
He  retired  to  Fuca  and  manifested  that  said  point  should  be  the  dividing 
line,  but  Vancouver  gave  to  understand  that  the  real  boundary  was  the 
port  of  San  Francisco  occupied  by  us. 

144.  Notwithstanding  this  pretension,  Curada  insisted  on  his  propo- 
sitions ;  and  as  the  last  and  safest  course  proposed  that  after  dividing  the 
territory  of  Nutka,  the  English  should  occupy  the  part  to  the  north 
and  the  Spanish  that  to  the  south,  and  the  port  should  remain  common 
to  both  nations. 

145.  Vancouver,  inflexible  in  his  opinions  and  claims,  did  not  agree 
to  the  propositions  of  Cuadra  ;  but  it  was  amicably  decided  to  suspend 
the  surrender  of  Nutka,  the  same  to  remain  in  our  power  until  both 
Courts,  informed  of  what  had  been  done  and  alleged  by  their  commis- 
sioners, should  in  the  best  of  harmony  and  concert  agree  and  decide 
what  may  be  convenient  to  their  legitimate  rights. 

146.  In  consequence  the  lieutenant  of  the  first-class,  don  Salvador 
Fidalgo,  took  interim  command  of  Nutka,  with  the  frigate  **Princesa" 
remaining  under,  his  orders. 

147.  Cuadra  entered  Monterey  Oct.  9,  1792  ;  the  English  frigate 
"Dedalo"  Nov.  21  ;  and  the  commander,  Vancouver,  with  the  two  ves- 
sels of  his  expedition,  "Descubierta"  and  the  barkentine  "Chatham," 
arrived  Nov.  25. 

148.  The  "Dedalo"  set  sail  Dec.  21  to  comply  with  its  commission 
in  Botany  Bay,  and  on  the  way  stopped  at  the  island  of  Oaiti.  Van- 
couver started  again  on  his  navigation,  Jan.  13,  of  the  present  year. 

149.  The  English  were  treated  with  the  greatest  consideration  and  in 
the  most  friendly  manner  ;  and  whatsoever  they  asked  for  or  could  de- 
sire for  continuing  their  voyage  was  generously  placed  at  their  disposal. 

150.  As  Vancouver  was  convinced  that  these  supplies  represented  a 
considerable  amount,  he  offered  drafts  against  his  Court,  but  Cuadra 
refused  to  accept  same,  assuring  the  commander  that  he  had  my  orders 
to  treat  him  generously,  and  that  he  desired  as  well  on  his  own  as  on 
my  part  to  prove  to  the  subjects  of  His  Britannic  Majesty  our  full  and 
sincere  friendship. 

151.  Acknowledging  this  favor,  the  English  commander  stated  that 


EARLY   CALIFORNIA  i73 

nothing  could  erase  from  the  memory  of  his  countrymen  the  friendly 
treatment  and  favors  which  they  had  received  from  the  Spanish.  He  also 
expressed  to  me  in  writing  heartfelt  thanks,  and  in  proof  of  his  grati- 
tude made  a  gift  of  the  value  of  two  thousand  dollars,  more  or  less,  to 
the  "presidio"  and  mission  of  Monterey  in  implements  useful  for  agri- 
culture and  timber  cutting,  beads  and  other  small  articles. 

152.  Finally  Vancouver  informed  Cuadra  that  it  would  be  a  great 
convenience  for  him  to  send  Robert  Broughton,  captain  of  the  barken- 
tine  "Chatham"  to  his  Court  with  the  report  containing  the  result  of 
his  commission,  begging  Cuadra  to  take  Broughton  to  San  Bias  and  ex- 
tend to  this  oflScer  his  help  so  as  to  enable  him  to  continue  on  his  jour- 
ney to  Vera  Cruz  and  Spain. 

153.  Cuadra  complied  with  this  request,  which  he  considered  in  order, 
and  having  left  Monterey,  the  next  day  after  Vancouver  had  gone  to  sea, 
in  the  schooner  "  Activa,"  accompanied  by  the  frigate  *'  Aranzazu"  and 
the  bilander  *'  Horcasitas,"  which  had  just  returned  from  Nutka,  bring- 
ing Fidalgo's  answer,  wherein  he  oflfered  on  his  part  to  comply  with  the 
royal  order  of  February  29,  1792,  Cuadra's  vessels  met  those  of  Van- 
couver. 

154.  Both  sailed  of  their  own  accord  together  from  the  14th  until  the 
17th  of  January,  on  which  date  Vancouver  had  arrived  at  the  point 
whence  his  course  to  the  Sandwich  Islands  diverged,  when  they  separ- 
ated after  a  mutual  exchange  of  favors  and  courtesies.  Cuadra's  long 
voyage  ended  in  San  Bias,  Feb.  1  st,  his  mission  finished. 

155.  During  the  same  and  in  the  preceding  years  of  1790  and  1791, 
the  following  explorations,  which  I  will  relate  briefly  in  their  chrono- 
logical order,  were  carried  out. 

Fifth  Bxploration  to  Latitude  60°  and  to   Cook's  River 
by  Don  Salvador  Fidalgo. 

156.  The  lieutenant  of  the  first-class,  don  Salvador  Fidalgo,  left 
Nutka  in  the  dispatch  boat  **  San  Cdrlos"  May  4,  1791,  and  on  the  24th 
of  the  same  month  reached  the  port  of  Prince  William,  which  he  recon- 
noitered  in  its  entire  length  on  the  east  and  north  sides. 

1 57.  Afterwards  he  discovered  Montag^  and  I^as  Vertiz  islands  ;  en- 
tered into  Cook's  river,  sailed  down  to  the  island  of  Kodiac,  and  returned 
again  on  his  course  to  the  eastern  coast  with  the  intention  of  retracing 
and  reconnoitering  from  57°  latitude  to  Nutka,  but  fogs  and  bad  weather 
hindered  him  from  doing  so. 

158.  Therefore,  as  also  on  account  of  the  scarcity  of  provisions  and 
the  near  approach  of  the  equinox,  he  arrived  Sept.  14,  at  Monterey, 
where  he  remained  until  Oct.  25,  date  on  which  he  set  sail,  anchoring  at 
San  Bias  Nov.  13. 

159.  These  explorations  corrected  in  a  few  points  those  made  in  1789 
by  the  brevet  ensign  of  the  first  class,  don  Estevdn  Martinez,  and  the 
pilot,  lyopez  de  Haro ;  and  also  verified  the  notices  in  reference  to  the 
Russian  establishments,  because  Fidalgo  visited  two  on  Cook's  river 
and  one  on  Kodiac  island  in  the  bay  of  cape  "  Dos  Puentes."  He  also 
took  possession,  according  to  custom,  of  a  bay  and  of  a  cove,  which  he 
named  respectively  C6rdova  and  Menendez,  both  east  of  Prince  William  ; 
of  the  port  he  called  Gravina  to  the  north,  and  of  the  harbor  named  by 
him  Revilla  Gigedo  on  the  before-mentioned  Cook's  river.  All  this  I 
reported,  accompanied  by  charts  and  documents,  in  my  letters,  Nos.  19 
and  31,  of  Jan.  12,  1791,  the  first  addressed  to  the  department  under 
the  charge  of  Your  Excellency,  and  the  second  to  the  Secretary  of  the 
Navy. 

[to  be  continued.] 


174 


Doubtless  it  surprises  no  one.  Only  a  fool  ignores  what  our  politics 
are  today.  But,  please  God,  there  are  still  a  good  many  Americans 
who  find  a  shock  even  in  the  expected  thing.  Alger  could  stay  in  the 
Cabinet  so  long  as  he  had  done  nothing  worse  than  kill  ofif  two  thousand 
American  soldiers.  He  had  a  "pull"  stronger  than  the  practically 
unanimous  wish  of  the  American  people.  His  rotten  beef  contracts 
were  no  bar.  But  when  from  these  venial  ojBfenses  he  graduated  to  the 
crime  of  locking  arms  with  a  man  who  does  not  think  that  Prest. 
McKinley  is  infallible  —  whop  goes  his  head,  instanter.  Secretary 
Alger  has  not  served  his  god  ;  but  if  he  had  served  his  king  he  would 
not  in  his  age  be  left  naked  to  his  enemies. 


FHE 


A  Bloody  Tyrant,  whose  Washerwoman  had  struck  because 
MODERN  she  was  Tired  of  Washing  for  Nothing  and  Board  Herself,  Sold 

AESOP.  her  to  a  Perfect  Gentleman  for  a  specified  Sum.     The  Degraded 

Creature,  who  could  not  perceive  the  Difference  between  a  Perfect 
Gentleman  and  a  Tyrant,  still  maintained  that  her  Time  was  her  Own. 
*'  When  I  Marry  you,"  she  said,  "  will  be  time  enough  for  me  to  do  your 
Washing  Gratis." 

*•  Well,  of  all  Ungrateful  Scrubs  !  "  cried  the  Perfect  Gentleman.  "It 
was  noble  to  Refuse  the  Tyrant,  for  he  was  a  Brute.  But  if  I  kick  you, 
it  is  merely  to  Improve  your  Manners  and  Morals.  I'm  a  Liberator,  I 
am."     And  he  swatted  the  Erring  Lady  and  Tromped  upon  her. 

Thereat,  some  of  his  children  cried  :  "  Let  go.  Dad  !  You  do  not 
look  Pretty  I  "  The  Neighbors  likewise  congregated,  murmuring  :  "It's 
a  darn  shame  1     Why  don't  he  beat  his  wife  ?  " 

But  the  Perfect  Gentleman  retorted:  "If  you  Mugwumps  would 
cease  your  Seditious  Utterances  there  would  be  no  Friction  between  Me 
and  this  Misguided  Person.  You  make  her  Think  a  Woman  ought  not 
to  be  Licked.  I  would  not  have  knocked  her  Down  at  all  if  you  hadn't 
been  Going  to  Object.  So  you  see  you  are  Responsible  for  her  Bruises, 
not  I.  You  do  not  seem  to  Know  who  I  Am.  I  am  a  Perfect  Gentle- 
man ;  and  no  Gentleman  will  stop  Licking  a  Lady  till  she  admits  his 
Divine  Right  to  Lick  her.  I  perceive  that  you  are  Traitors  to  Me  and 
god.  What  do  you  Suppose  he  gave  me  such  a  biceps  for?  As  for 
Licking  my  Wife,  I  guess  you  never  saw  her  Arm.  It  would  take  a 
Man  to  make  her  keep  Our  House  in  order.  But  I  reckon  I  can  Reform 
this  Washerwoman's  domestic  affairs .     Go  to  !  " 


POETRY 


Next  to  The  Recessional,  Edwin  Markham's  The  Man   With  the 
AND  Hoe  has  created  a  deeper  sensation  than  any  other  poem  of  many 

FACT.  years.     Not  so  much  for  its  poetry  —  which,  with  some  reserva- 

tions, is  rather  tremendous — but  for  its  sociology,  which  is  intrinsically 
bad.  If  the  public  ear  had  been  for  art,  it  would  have  recognized 
Markham's  voice  long  ago  ;  for  it  is  a  fine,  sonorous  voice,  never  petty, 
never  brazen  but  never  commonplace.  If  sensation,  however,  be  the 
better  advance  agent,  we  can  forgive  it  so  long  as  it  brings  in  its  train 
the  Real  Thing — and  this  it  seems  to  have  done.  Certainly  sensation 
is  not  fame  ;  but  here  is  one  man  at  least  who  can  afford  to  stand  on 


IN    THE   LION'S   DEN.  175 

merit  after  the  empiric  discovery.  Mr.  Markham's  slender  book  of 
verse,  *titled  by  the  famous  poem,  is  a  gain  to  our  literature.  It  has  a 
dozen  poems  anyone  now  extant  might  be  content  to  have  written. 

As  to  the  caved  forehead  and  bent  shoulders  of  the  Hoe-Man  and  the 
trying  to  charge  them  to  the  Oppressor,  Mr.  Markham  has  lived  better 
than  he  has  written.  He  was  outfitted  with  a  hoe  himself;  but  nothing 
ails  his  forehead  or  his  back.  He  had  it  in  him  to  be  Markham.  No 
one  could  hold  him  down  ;  none  could  have  put  him  up.  No  theorist 
coaxed  the  blacksmith  to  grow  into  a  sonorous  poet  and  a  man  than 
whom  not  one  in  California  is  more  loved  or  more  useful  in  a  circle 
constricted  only  to  his  own  choice.    Markham  did  it. 

And  that's  what  ails  the  Man  with  the  Hoe.  We  may  itch  to  kick  or 
guillotine  the  **  lords  and  rulers  "  or  ward-heelers  who  are  content  to 
see  hirn  there  ;  but  he  doesn't  stay  there  unless  Ae  is  content.  It  is  a 
cowardly  trick  of  the  day  to  lay  our  faults  to  heredity  and  destiny,  and 
our  virtues  to  ourselves.  This  is  very  comfortable,  but  it  is  no  more 
science  than  it  is  religion.  The  only  oppressor  a  man  can't  get  away 
from  is  himself. 

There  really  seem  to  be  sober  people  who  "  don't  know  how  "what 
we  could  get  out  of  the  Philippines  with  honor."  can 

Easy  enough,  if  we  care  to.     Easy  now,  easy  before  we  began  WE  DO  ? ' 

to  fight  those  poor  fools  for  wanting  to  be  free,  easy  any  day  between, 
easy  and  efiective. 

We  can  get  any  partnership  we  ask  of  England  ;  and  we  do  not  need 
it.  If  we — or  England  and  we — had  said  to  the  Filipinos  :  "  Gentle- 
men, you  are  free  of  your  tyrant.  See  if  you  can  govern  yourselves. 
No  other  nation  shall  meddle  with  you,  but  we  will  hold  you  responsible 
to  civilization.  Make  a  good,  decent  country  of  yourselves,  or  we  will 
fall  upon  you  " — why,  no  nation  or  conspiracy  of  nations  would  have 
meddled  ;  and  the  Filipinos  would  have  been  our  loving  friends.  We 
should  have  saved  some  thousands  of  American  lives.  We  should  have 
saved  some  thousands  of  American  girls  from  marrying  nameless 
diseases  from  Luzon .  We  should  have  saved  the  honor  of  the  United 
States.  And  we  can  just  as  well  do  it  today.  The  war  goes  on 
not  to  save  American  principles  but  to  save  the  pride  of  the  administra- 
tion. It  thinks  a  lie  well  stuck  to  as  good  as  the  truth.  And  knowing 
that  some  American  speculators  can  make  money  if  the  deal  goes 
through,  it  expects  the  American  people  to  pay  the  freight. 

Prescott,   Ariz.,   has  a  chance  to  distinguish  itself.      Capt.      a  man 
"  Bucky"  O'Neill,  of  that  town,  was  one  of  the  first  Americans  and  a 

killed  in  the  war  of  '98.    To  this  day  not  a  man  has  been  monumen 

killed  whom  the  nation  could  less  afford  to  spare. 

There  is  now  a  question  of  building  that  man  a  monument — and  how. 
The  unhatched  would  erect  a  cast-iron  or  granite  abomination  in  the 
plaza  ;  the  deeper  hearted  (and  I  believe  the  hero's  widow  first  suggested 
It)  prefer  to  build  something  worthier  of  "Bucky"  O'Neill.  Prescott 
has  no  public  library.  If  it  would  honor  the  man  who  was  not  only  a 
hero  but  a  scholar,  the  best  friend  that  education  ever  had  in  that 
frontier  town,  it  will  make  that  memorial  a  public  library  building.  And 
there  are  a  good  many  people  rather  interested  to  watch  what  Prescott 
will  do. 

Admiral  Dewey,  in  a  message  sent  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy,      now, 
June  28,  1898,  said  of  the  Filipinos  :  is  DEWEY 

••Aguinaldo,  insurgent  leader,  with  13   of  his  staff,  arrived  a"trator? 

May  19  by  permission.  .  .  .  I  have  given  him  to  understand  that  I 
consider  insurgents  as  friends,  being  opposed  to  a  common  enemy.     He 

•  The  Doubleday  &  McClure  Co..  New  York,  |1.    Lot  Angeles,  C.  C.  Parker. 


176  LAND   OF  SUNSHINE. 

has  now  gone  to  attend  a  meeting  of  insurgent  leaders  for  the  purpose 
of  forming  a  civil  government.  In  my  opinion  these  people  are  far  su- 
perior in  their  intelligence  and  more  capable  of  self-government  than 
the  natives  of  Cuba,  and  I  am  familiar  with  both  races." 

Now  will  some  administration  flunkey  newspaper  please  rise  and  call 
Dewey  a  **  Copperhead  "  ? 

:raid  This  magazine  certainly  cannot  be  accused  of  unmixed  admira- 

TO  FACE  tion  of  the  newspaper.     The  newspapers  alone— and  almost 

THE  TRUTH.  alone  the  worst  of  them — brought  on  the  war.  That  the  Ma- 
nila censorship  pinches  the  newspapers  is  a  minor  affair.  The  vital  thing 
is  that  the  administration  is  shutting  off  information  from  the  American 
voters.  The  truth  about  the  Philippine  war  would  hurt  no  one.  No  one, 
that  is,  except  the  administration.  It  would  not  help  the  Filipinos 
nor  embarass  our  army.  But  it  would  lose  votes  to  McKinley.  There- 
fore the  people  are  to  be  kept  from  the  truth,  so  far  as  possible. 

Now  Abraham  Lincoln  had  a  grown  war  on  his  hands.  He  had  a 
nation's  life  to  save — not  the  pockets  of  a  few  speculators  to  fill.  His 
armies  met  not  runaway  **  niggers,"  but  fierce  Americans  who  could 
"kill  even."  But  Abraham  Lincoln  never  had  to  gag  the  newspapers 
nor  pry  into  the  mails  nor  try  to  fool  the  people.  He  cared  more  for  his 
country's  honor  and  safety  than  he  did  for  a  second  term.  He  listened 
to  his  God,  not  to  Hanna.  And,  with  all  due  reverence,  he  was  not  a 
fool.  Any  man  is  a  fool  who  thinks  he  can  cheat  history — or  even  bam- 
boozle all  contemporary  America.  The  Lion  is  a  Republican — but  a 
Lincoln  Republican,  not  a  Hanna- Alger  Republican .  The  ablest  men 
in  America  today,  who  oppose  the  sin  of  Imperialism,  are  Republicans. 
It  is  not  partisanship.  It  may  be  conscience,  it  may  be  only  common 
sense.  But  at  any  rate,  the  strongest  opposition  to  the  President's 
course  is  within  the  President's  own  party.  At  any  rate,  any  man  in  a 
Republic  who  is  afraid  to  face  the  truth  doesn't  **  belong."  Because  a 
Republic  ceases  when  it  ceases  to  be  truth. 

IGH-  A  woman  of  affairs  as  well  as  of  letters,  and  seriously  occupied 

CLASS  with  her  mundane  duties,  Margaret  Collier  Graham   brings 

ESSAYS.  to  a  finish  in  this  issue  the  series  of  little  essays  which  has 

been  running  for  a  full  year  in  this  magazine,  under  title  **  The  Angle 

of  Reflection." 

In  all  seriousness,  and  without  suspicion  of  boastfulness,  no  maga- 
zine in  the  United  States  is  publishing  today  an  editorial  department  quite 
so  high  in  literary  quality,  nor  anywhere  near  so  durable  in  morals,  as 
this  little  "Angle  "  of  Mrs.  Graham's  has  been.  It  is  many  years  since 
any  American  magazine  has  published  in  a  year  twenty-four  pages  of 
philosophy  so  deep  and  sane  and  so  masterfully  expounded.  Indeed, 
very  little  matter  of  this  calibre  is  printed  anywhere  these  flabby  days. 

I8T  The  passing  of  a  temblor  in  California  the  other  day  has  pleas- 

THE  ured  some  of  the  hard-luck  States;  and  they  are  welcome. 

DIFFERENCE.         No  one  was  hurt,  and  no  damage  was  done.    Just  here  it  is 

as  well  to  recall  the  historic  fact  that  this  same  summer  more  people 

have  been  killed  by  sunstroke  in  the  one  State  of  New  York  than  have 

been  killed  by  earthquakes  in  California  since  history  began. 

4EY  ALSO  There  is  nothing  more  evident  in  the  cosmogony  than  that 

NEED  Heaven  loves  a  good  joke.     It   is  all  the  time  having  fun 

CONDENSING.  with  US.  There  are  some  of  its  human  practical  jokes  to 
whom  this  idea  will  seem  disrespectful ;  for  God  appears  to  have 
amused  Himself  by  making  some  people  who  think  that  they  have  a 
sense  of  humor  and  that  God  hasn't.  As  a  matter  of  fact  that  is  prob- 
ably the  only  thing  that  reconciles  Him  to  looking  upon  His  human 
handiwork.    For  instance,  the  Anthropological  Society  met  in  Wash- 


IN    THE   LION'S   DEN.  X77 

ington  the  other  day,  and  decided  to  call  our  aborigines  "Amerinds," 
as  a  neat  logotype  for  American  Indians.  The  Lion  suggests  that  in 
turn,  these  Anthropological  Idiots  should  be  condensed — since  our  time 
is  as  valuable  as  theirs.  Anthropoids  seems  to  fulfill  their  etymology 
— and  their  nature. 

No  man  who  understands  the  value  of  words  pretends  that  our      all 
war  in  the  Philippines  is  popular.     Some  Americans  believe  it  against 

an  outrage  on  liberty;  a  great  many  look  upon  it  as  an  un-  THE  grain. 

happy  mess  we  can't  get  out  of — but  no  one,  not  even  the  *'  professional 
patriot"  is  proud  of  it.  Even  those  who  cannot  see  any  principle  in- 
volved, are  getting  tired  of  it — and  will  be  more  tired  before  we  are  done. 
The  curious  thing  is  to  observe  how  many  forgetful  souls  imagine  the 
United  States  "  has  to  have  "  a  war  that  is  unpopular. 

Three  thousand  American  soldiers  sick,  July  15,  in  the  hos-      beginning 
pitals  of  Manila.     One  thousand  American  soldiers  dead  in  TO  PAY 

Luzon  already.     And  what  are  we  getting  for  those  American  the  piper. 

homes  forever  clouded  ?  That  is  the  beginning.  All  the  world  knows 
—  the  Filipinos  included  —  that  we  can  "lick"  the  Filipinos,  if  we  are 
fools  enough  to  keep  at  it  long  enough.  If  it  were  to  save  our  country, 
a  million  American  homes  would  cut  off  their  right-hand  hopes  to  lay 
them  upon  the  altar.  But  what  feeds  the  war  fire  now  is  not  the  patri- 
otic homes.  It  is  the  politicians.  And  they  leave  us  to  furnish  the 
kindling. 

In  1898  we  saw  American  homes  giving  up  their  sons  for  where 
volunteers.     We  see  nothing  of  the  kind  now.     Right   or  are  our 

wrong,  a  year  ago  the  country  was  behind  the  war.     Today,  volunteers? 

only  the  politicians  are.  You  knew  a  good  many  of  the  volunteers  of 
1898.  You  don't  know  any  of  the  volunteers  of  1899.  Today  the  re- 
cruits are  leaving  no  homes  desolate.  They  are  the  homeless  and  the 
failures.  Our  American  boys  are  getting  home  as  fast  as  they  can.  In 
their  place  go  none  but  the  usual  |1 3  a  month  machines.  Does  that 
mean  anything  ? 

The  San  Francico  Chronicle^  the  leading  Republican  daily  of      not 
California ;  the  Call^  next  in  size  in  the  Republican  ranks ;  the  without 

Argonaut,  Republican  and  Strongest  weekly  in  the  West;  the  company. 

Portland  Oregonian,  foremost  Republican  paper  in  Oregon — these  are  a 
few  of  the  big  Coast  papers  that  are  against  the  administration's  war. 
In  the  East  there  is  the  same  state  of  things.  Really,  there  is  no  lack 
of  precedent  for  any  American  who  would  rather  not  rent  his  ideas. 

The  unbiased  patriot  who  draws,  as  postmaster  of  San  Fran-      earning 
cisco,  a  larger  salary  than  he  ever  saw  before  or  will  ever  his 

know  again,  offers  to  sniff  the  United  States  mails  and  inter-  bone. 

cept,  in  good  Russian  fashion,  anything  which  does  not  please  his  Mas- 
ter. Amen  !  The  sooner  the  better.  We  cannot  find  out  too  quickly 
just  how  much  American  freemen  will  stand.  And  even  Californians. 
There  has  been  a  time  in  history  when  the  name  Montagu  was  worn  by 
men,  and  had  not  been  given  to  lap-dogs.  And  the  time  has  not  come 
in  history  when  lap-dogs  can  scare  Americans  out  of  the  house. 

Not  long  ago  the  Administration  was  wonderfully  anxious  to  know 
what  the  Dear  People  wished.  Today,  if  the  Dear  People  attempt  to 
say  what  they  wish,  the  Administration  threatens  to  prosecute  them. 

Now  the  Cubans  are  to  be  allowed  to  **  vote  for  annexation  or  inde- 
pence."  In  other  words,  we  leave  it  to  a  ballot  of  the  Cigar  Island 
whether  the  United  States  shall  be  a  liar  or  not. 


THAT 

WHICH  11^_^ 
WRlTTffl 


^^-' 


There  is  a  certain  pessimism  in  having 
any  fears  for  the  present  trend  of  literature. 
Never  before  in  the  world's  history  has  litera- 
ture swarmed  with  so  many  writers  of   almost  human 
intelligence. 

JAMES  If  Mr.  Henry  James  would  like  to  know  what  Henry  James 

TURNED  might  look  like  if  suddenly  invested  with  a  backbone  and  res- 

MAN.  cued  from  the  parenthetical  kittens  which  now  steal  in  at  every 

comma  to  run  away  with  his  thread,  he  would  better  step  before  the  mir- 
ror of  Bdith  Wharton's  The  Greater  Inclination.  For  here  he  is  regen- 
erate— James  turned  Man.  There  is  no  blunting  of  that  abnormal 
activity  of  insight  which  has  condoned  the  faults  of  James  ;  but  also, 
there  are  none  of  his  faults  except  the  basic  one.  With  Mrs.  Wharton, 
intuition  is  normal,  not  a  progressive  disease.  Where  James  dawdles, 
too  weak  to  let  go  of  his  own  content  with  his  wire-drawing,  she  is  mas- 
ter of  herself.  She  tells  in  a  sentence  what  he  would  need  a  page  for ; 
as  spiritually  and  far  more  clearly. 

There  are  exquisite  pastels,  and  they  have  their  place.  They  are  a 
medium  for  drawing  little  things  out  to  such  thinness  that  we  call  it 
great.  But  the  Masters  always  have  painted  and  always  shall  paint  in 
the  oils  of  humanity.  Consumption  has  its  certain  beauties ;  but  it  is 
not  so  beautiful,  nor  even  so  refined,  as  red  health.  A  story  that  has  in 
it  no  weman  we  would  fall  in  love  with,  no  man  we  would  like  to  thrash 
— in  a  word,  no  human  beings — is,  after  all,  not  quite  a  story.  It  may  be 
a  very  delightful  Delsarte  exhibition  by  a  most  flexible  mind.  But  I  am 
not  here  to  growl  at  Mrs.  Wharton.  Her  eight  stories  are  of  extraordi- 
nary skill.  And  I  am  profoundly  grateful  to  her  for  proving,  so  uncon- 
sciously but  so  inevitably,  that  one  needn't  be  as  effeminate  as  James  to 
be  so  intuitive.    Chas.  Scribner's  Sons,  New  York.    $1.50. 

A  BROAD,  So  noble  a  book  as  Prest.  Jordan's  Imperial  Democracy  ought 

FAIR  to  be  read  by  every  man  who  has  the  confidence  to  call  himself 

VIEW.  an  American.     He  may  not  agree  with  it ;  but  if  he  is  half-way 

fit  to  belong  to  this  republic  he  will  feel  uplifted  by  it  and  grateful  that 

there  are  still  such  Americans. 

Dr.  Jordan  has  not  only  the  large  (though  unstudied)  expression,  but 
the  structural  point  of  view.  This  book,  to  a  theme  which  interests 
every  sober  American — and  every  drunken  one  as  well — is  valuable  not 
only  for  its  patriotism.  It  has  the  generic  foresight ;  it  sees  things  as 
history  sees  them  ;  and  there  is  a  special  value  and  a  special  interest  in 
this  getting  a  verdict  from  "  a  sort  of  contemporary  posterity."  D.  Ap~ 
pleton  &  Co.,  New  York.    $1.50 

A  VERY  A  truly  large  and  truly  delightful  novel— rare  things,  both, 

UNCOMMON  in  these  smallish  days— is  Winston  Churchill's  Richard  Car- 

NOVEL.  Del,  and  one  to  advance  its  author  at  once  to  serious  considera- 
tion amid  the  stronger  writers  of  the  day.  As  a  stage-manager  he  is  ad- 
mirable, handling  a  large  company  without  a  hitch,  and  keeping  the 
stage  always  in  action — not  only  that,  but  with  good,  real  figures.  His 
character-drawing   is  no  less  notable;    and   "Richard,"    "Dorothy," 


THAT  WHICH    IS   WRITTEN.  i79 

"Jack,"  perhaps  above  all  *'Patty,"are  vital  persons,  who  come  into  our 
aflfection  as  "  Grafton  "  into  our  hate.  The  Maryland  and  the  London  of 
just  before  the  Revolution  are  painted  with  convincing  skill ;  and  such 
historic  figures  as  Charles  Fox  and  John  Paul  Jones — dangerous  actors — 
are  used  with  considerable  success.  All  in  all  it  is  one  of  the  novels  of 
the  year,  and  merits  the  extraordinary  success  it  is  meeting — three  or 
four  editions  before  it  is  fairly  cold  from  the  press.  The  Macmillan  Co., 
New  York.     $1.50. 

Jeremiah  Curtin,  "the  man  of  fifty  languages,"  and  of  sev-      American 
eral  valuable  books  of  folklore  in  other  lands,  has  just  added  to  primitive 

our  obligation  to  him  a  tat  and  handsome  volume  of  the  myths  literature. 

of  the  Wintus  and  Yanas,  two  tribes  of  "  Digger  "  Indians  in  the  Sacra- 
mento Valley,  Cal.  The  title.  Creation  Myths  of  Primitive  America y  is 
a  trifle  over-catholic,  as  are  some  of  Mr.  Curtin's  sweeping  assertions  in 
the  like  line.  Nor  does  the  annotation  of  the  book  indicate  so  much 
knowledge  of  the  myths  of  the  many  hundred  other  and  larger  and  more 
important  Indian  tribes  as  of  Irish  or  Russian  folklore. 

The  myths,  however,  are  important  and  typical,  and  Mr.  Curtin  has 
told  them  well  and  in  the  Indian  spirit.  In  his  notes  he  properly  refers 
to  Schoolcraft's  "remarkable  genius  for  missing  the  truth  and  confusing 
everything  he  came  in  contact  with."    Little,  Brown  &  Co.,  Boston. 

In  the  golden  days  of  the  frontier  there  was  no  good  reason      the 
why  an  adventurous  person  might  not  have  his  fun  with  big  Texas 

game  and  be  strictly  conventional.     The  foolish  desperado  ranger. 

killed  for  fun,  hate  or  plunder,  and  generally  died  violently  and  an  out- 
law. The  foreseeing  one  became  a  deputy  sheriff,  a  ranger,  or  some 
such  thing,  and  the  more  fun  he  had  the  better  peace  officer  he  was.  If 
the  outlaws  "  got"  him  he  died  a  hero.  To  have  killed  twenty  men  in 
saloon  or  street  was  a  sure  road  to  the  shrievalty. 

A  Texas  Ranger,  by  N.  A.  Jennings,  gives  a  frank  and  rathe 
naive  picture  of  that  picturesque,  half-bandit  mounted  police  of  the 
uneasy  border  25  years  ago.  Mr.  Jennings,  now  a  newspaper  reporter 
in  New  York,  was  one  of  McNelly's  men,  and  without  constructive 
skill  at  all  in  painting  a  general  picture,  "  reminisces"  most  enter- 
tainingly. Not  so  well  disciplined,  so  well  organized  or  quite  so 
legal  in  status,  the  Texas  Rangers  very  much  resembled  the  Mexican 
Rurales  of  today  in  devil-may-care,  dash  and  effectiveness.  They 
did  much  the  same  work  in  much  the  same  method.  The  chief  differ- 
ence is  that  the  Rurales  are  a  government  machine,  as  strictly  organized 
as  any  regular  army,  while  the  Rangers  were  a  sort  of  guerrilla  police — 
the  border's  self-defense.     Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  New  York.    $1.25. 

Not  because  he  wished  to,  but  because  if  he  didn't  someone      kipling'8 
else  would,  Mr.    Kipling   has    made  into  two  quiet-looking  newspaper 

volumes  the  newspaper  letters  of  his  literary  youth,  with  title  letters. 

From,  Sea  to  Sea.  It  would  be  foolish  to  pretend  that  these  journalistic 
matters  are  up  to  the  top  notch  of  Kipling  ;  but,  on  the  other  hand,  here 
is  certainly  newspapering  of  a  class  we  would  rather  not  lose. 

The  most  valuable,  though  perhaps  not  the  best,  of  these  epistles  to  an 
India  paper  are  the  "American  Notes."  These  are  the  egregious  im- 
pressions of  a — Bleeding  Briton,  very  new  but  also  very  thick  in  the 
biceps.  His  bludgeoned  criticisms  of  things  American  are  mostly  true 
in  the  positive — but  this  world  is  comparative.  Doubtless  Mr.  Kipling 
knows  our  faults  less  intemperately  now.  Still,  there  is  use  in  reading 
his  entirely  unconstrained  strictures,  and  in  knowing  how  our  faults  and 
follies  struck  the  sophomore  who  has  become  the  wisest  traveler  of  his 
time.  The  Doubleday  &  McClure  Co.,  New  York.  2  vols.  $2.  Post- 
paid to  any  address  "  on  approval." 


18©  LAND   OF  SUNSHINE. 

)NE  There  is  a  most  rare  quality  in  the  poems  of  Grace  EUery 

OF  OUR  Channing — now  collected    in    a  slender  volume  under  title 

POETS.  Sea-Drift.     Several  of  them— and  several  of  the  best — were 

first  printed  in  these  pages  ;  and  there  are  many  who  will  never  again 
seethe  Sierra  Madre  without  recalling  '*The  Violets  of  Mountains." 
An  exquisite  simplicity,  an  unmodern  sincerity  mark  these  verses. 
Without  self-consciousness,  without  afifectation,  here  is  the  expression  of 
that  rare  thing — a  woman  wise  enough  to  be  a  woman.  Of  imagination 
there  is  much  ;  but  the  great  beauty  of  these  poems  is  their  unspoiled 
heart.    Small,  Maynard  &  Co.,  Boston.     $1.50. 

ARMING  A  book  that  should  be  on  the  table  of  every  man  that  tickles 

AND  the  soil,  particularly  in  California,  where  there  is  a  higher 

HORSE  SENSE,  average  of  intelligence  engaged  in  agriculture  than  elsewhere, 
is  The  Modern  Farmer^  by  Edward  F.  Adams.  The  author  is  agri- 
cultural editor  of  the  San  Francisco  Chronicle;  he  lives  on  his 
farm  ;  he  is  himself  a  modern  farmer.  This  large,  sound,  interesting 
book  claims  to  be,  and  probably  is,  the  very  first  book  to  treat  of  the 
farmer  as  a  business  man.  Doubtless,  there  is  no  other  point  of  view 
from  which  the  farmer  is  so  much  in  need  to  see  himself  and  his  en- 
vironment. The  book  is  eminently  sensible  ;  and  the  farmer  to  whom 
its  message  is  not  worth  many  times  its  cost  is  a  curiosity.  The  N.  J. 
Stone  Co.,  San  Francisco.    $3. 

*N  The  Real  Hawaii,  by  Lucien  Young,  U.  S.  N.,  is  so  palpably 

EX  PARTE  a  book  with  a  purpose  that  it  will  take  no  serious  place  as  his- 

PLEA.  tory,  and  will  be  valued  most  by  those  who  desired  beforehand 

to  believe  it.  Lieut.  Young  saw  enough  of  Hawaii  (he  was  in  the 
*'  Boston"  affair)  to  have  learned  a  great  deal ;  and  of  his  honesty  there 
is  no  question.  Yet  the  book  is  chiefly  an  example  of  the  ease  with 
which  we  can  believe  the  thing  we  would  like  to.  The  unredeemed 
wickedness  of  the  Hawaiians  who  had  fat  lands  ;  the  celestial  nobility  of 
the  missionary  tramps  who  now  have  that  land,  and  are  glad  to  show 
that  the  transfer  was  in  the  interest  of  God  and  morality  ;  the  purity  of 
our  politicians  and  adventurers  in  releasing  the  ignorant  natives  from 
bad  monarchs  and  giving  them  over  to  good  ward-heelers — these  are  the 
book.  Compared  with  Miss  Craft's  unpretentious  but  deep  and  true 
Hawaii  Nei,  this  is  a  partisan  editorial  beside  a  scientific  work.  But  it 
may  be  popular — as  partisans  are  more  common  than  scholars.  The 
Doubleday  &  McClure  Co.,  New  York.  |1 .50.  Sent  to  any  address  "  on 
approval." 

^ANDY  An  attractive  and  worthy  series  of  American  biographies,  in 

AMERICAN  admirable  duodecimos,  and  by  competent  persons,  is  issuing 

BIOGRAPHIES,  from  the  press  of  Small,  Maynard  &  Co.,  Boston,  a  young 
house  which  has  already  won  distinction  by  its  good  taste  in  matters 
literary  and  mechanical.  M.  A.  de  Wolfe  Howe  is  editor  ;  and  the  five 
volumes  already  issued  are  :  Phillips  Brooks^  by  the  editor  ;  David  G. 
Farragut,  by  James  Barnes ;  Robert  E.  Lee,  by  W.  P.  Trent ;  James 
Russell  Lowell,  by  Edward  Everett  Hale,  Jr. ;  and  Daniel  Webster,  by 
Norman  Hapgood.     75c.  each. 

ANOTHER  Will  R.  Halpin  has  published  a  genial  and  gentle  novel  of 

PAVING  California,  entitled  Juan  Pico.    The  book  is  unusually  beauti- 

STONE.  ful,  the  story  full  of  feeling.  Unhappily  this  is  all.  The  local 
color  is  not  Californian.  The  local  geography  is  a  sad  muddle  ;  the 
picture  of  I^os  Angeles  rather  absurd ;  and  the  California  terms  much 
misapplied.  Mr.  Halpin's  only  Spanish  seems  to  be  *•  Madre  Mi ;"  and 
this  grotesque  impossibility  he  employs  scores  of  times.  The  book  is 
kindly  and  of  good  intention,  but  it  has  nothing  to  do  with  its  field. 
The  Robert  Lewis  Weed  Co..  New  York.     $1.50. 


THAT   WHICH    IS    WRITTEN.  i8i 

Dross,  by  Henry  Seton  Merriman  (author  The  Sowers,  etc.),  under 
is  so  good  a  story  of  the  First  Empire  in  France  that  this  re-  the 

viewer  found  excuses  for  reading  it  from  cover  to  cover  after  terror. 

his  bedtime.  To  a  busy  man  that  means  something.  The  story  has  in 
plot  a  certain  quality  of  Charles  Reade — and  a  style  absolutely  unlike. 
It  anyhow  gets  to  the  sympathy  ;  which  is  what  fiction  is  for.  H.  S, 
Stone  &  Co.,  Chicago.     |1 .75. 

The  "San  Pedro  Harbor  Fight"  was  one  of  the  most  curious      the  first 
and  one  of  the  most  instructive  episodes  in  modern  American  defeat 

politics  ;  and  as  such  has  a  more  than  local  interest.     How  im-  of  alger, 

pudent  a  corporation  can  be,  yet  how  surely  the  people — not  the  popu- 
lists but  the  people — can  hold  their  own,  has  perhaps  never  been  so 
strikingly  proved  before.  A  dispassionate  history  of  this  very  remark- 
able afifair  has  been  printed  by  Charles  Dwight  Willard,  who,  as  secre- 
tary of  the  Los  Angeles  Chamber  of  Commerce,  bore  an  honorable 
brunt  in  the  fight.  He  tells  the  story  in  a  slender  local  volume  ;  but 
frankly,  with  foirness,  and  sufficient  detail.  His  little  book  of  The  Free 
Harbor  Contest  is  an  authoritative  addition  to  the  material  of  which 
Southern  California  history  is  to  be  made.  Kingsley-Bames  &  Neuner 
Co.,  Los  Angeles. 

The  Pedagogues,  by  Arthur  Stan  wood  Pier,  is  a  fully  amusing,      f^  N 
if   somewhat  unconstrained,   story  of  the  Harvard  Summer         amusing 
School.     For  a  new  author  here  is  a  considerable  promise,  both  story. 

in  plot  and  in  a  not  too  vicious  sarcasm.  The  character-drawing  is,  in- 
deed, a  little  unreined  ;  "Prof.  Palatine"  and  "Jessie"  and  "Gorch", 
at  least,  are  exaggarated  somewhat — not  so  much  from  truth  as  from  the 
convention  we  agree  to  accept  as  truth — but  they  are  tangibly  real.  Mr. 
Pier  seems  to  "have  it  in  him."    Small,  Maynard  &  Co.,  Boston.    |1.25. 

Vengeance  of  the  Female — an  odd  enough  title  to  be  piquant —      a  story 
is  really  "a  little  book  of  travel,"  by  Marrion  Wilcox,  author  of 

of  A  Short  History  of  the    War  with  Spain.     It  is  a  gossipy,  travel, 

familiar  picture  of  parts  of  Spain,  England,  Italy  and  other  lands,  with 
enough  thread  of  story  to  make  it  human.  Some  handsome  photo- 
graphic illustrations  add  to  its  interest.  H.  S.  Stone  &  Co.,  Chicago. 
%\  .50. 

A  cheerful  prevaricator,  branded  even  among  the  many,  is      another 
Albert  J.  Capron,  with  his  "Legend  of  the  Pueblo  of  Acoma"  RED- 

(N.  M.),  in   The  Pacific  Monthly  for  July.     It  is  long  since  handed. 

anyone  has  seen  such  impudent  mendacity — while  the  ignorance  is 
fully  up  to  the  worst.  The  pictures  of  "  Acoma"  happen  to  be  of 
Hualpi ;  but  that  is  the  least  dishonesty.  The  Pacific  Monthly  is  a 
young  magazine  of  Portland,  which  has  shown  some  growth  already. 
It  is  a  pity  that  it  has  been  imposed  upon  so  wretchedly  in  this  case. 

The  sober  Review  of  Reviews  is  latest  victim  of  the  person  who  has 
confidence  to  write  of  the  vSouthwest  his  own  ignorances,  the  facts  he 
borrows  from  honest  students  (and  distorts)  and  his  own  peculiar  brand 
of  misspelling  proper  names  and  historic  words. 

Miss  Alice  C.  Fletcher,  that  gallant  worker  in  science  and  in  human  rights,  has  pub- 
lished the  last  message  of  John  Comfort  Fillmore,  The  Harmonic  Structure  of  Indian 
Music.  This  paper  was  indirectly  Prof.  Fillmore's  death.  He  had  written  it  for  the 
meeting  of  the  American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science  ;  and  was  on  his 
way  to  Boston  to  deliver  it  when  an  Eastern  sunstroke  finished  his  brave  and  useful 
life.  As  we  have  frequently  remarked,  Fillmore  turned  folk-music  from  guesswork  to 
a  science  ;  and  this  comprehensive  paper  is  a  fair  summary  of  his  great  discovery. 

Fleming  Bremner  (Calle  Nueva,  6,  City  of  Mexico)  publishes  an  English  metrica 
version  of  Becquer's  Rimas,  with  some  "rondels "  and  other  rhymes  of  his  own. 

The  Forester  (Washington,  D.  C.)  is  an  excellent  little  monthly  in  a  good  cause. 


BY  MARGARET  COLLIER   GRAHAM. 


THE  TREE 

OF  KNOWLEDGE, 


OUR 


APOLOGY. 


Why  a  knowledge  of  good  should  be  called  innocence, 
and  a  knowledge  of  evil  experience,  is  hard  to  explain. 
Wise  men  blush  at  the  charge  of  ignorance  brought  by 
those  learned  in  iniquity,  forgetting  all  the  good  of  which  their 
accusers  have  no  ken.  Vice  turned  virtue  is  generally  brag- 
gart and  dictatorial,  essaying  to  guide  the  steps  of  those  who 
have  avoided  pitfalls.  Character  is  the  only  garment  of  which 
the  wearer  boasts  that  it  has  been  often  to  the  cleaner.  Men 
flock  to  hear  a  blatant  "evangelist"  vaunt  himself  on  his 
struggle  from  the  mire  and  all  around  are  men  whose  better 
wisdom  has  kept  them  clean.  *'But  the  good  men  were  not 
tempted ' '  you  say  ?  Then  go  to  them  in  crowds  and  learn 
why.     They  have  something  to  tell  worth  while. 

The  society  that  commits  its  virtue  to  the  keeping  of 
the  physically  weak,  will  always  defend  evil  by  calling 
good  effeminate.  Have  we  any  right  to  wonder  when 
callow  intellects  deduce  the  virility  of  vice  ?  Society  is  suffler- 
ing  for  a  little  fearless  honesty.  I^egislation  might  rest  from 
the  suppression  of  evil  if  only  those  who  hate  it  dared  to  show 
their  hate.  What  save  cowardice  gives  us  the  laughable  spec- 
tacle of  good  men  separating  themselves  from  iniquity  by  a 
public  ordinance  and  walking  arm  in  arm  with  the  offender  ? 
Loving  the  sinner  and  hating  the  sin  ?  My  good  friend,  the 
sin  is  the  sinner. 


ARTISTIC 


VIRTUE. 


Most  picturesque  of  all  our  would-be  virtues,  and  there- 
fore dearest  to  the  sentimentalist,  is  forgiveness.  And 
what  is  it?  A  chimera.  Your  friend  plays  you  false  ; 
what  is  he  to  you  ever  afterward  but  a  traitor  ?  You  have  for- 
given him — you  love  him  still  ?  Have  a  care  how  you  love 
falsity.  But  he  is  sorry — he  repents  ?  Love  him  then  with  a 
reservation,  for  part  of  him  is  not  your  friend.  Not  all  the 
power  of  the  universe  can  get  a  man  back  where  he  was  be- 
fore he  did  his  neighbor  wrong.  Every  step  taken  in  return- 
ing to  the  right  path  might  have  carried  him  forward  in  it.  All 
the  moral  energy  exerted  in  overcoming  unrighteousness  might 


THE  ANGL.E  OF  REFLECTION,  i83 

have  made  for  righteousness.  We  may  blot  out  our  share  in 
his  punishment  but  his  sin  cannot  be  blotted  out.  Strange 
that  man  retains  a  moral  sense  in  spite  of  all  his  efforts  to 
strangle  it  with  dogma  ! 

It  is  humility  rather  than  pride  that  keeps  the  clear-      p^'de 
sighted  from  perpetually  suing  for  pardon.     The  futil-  or  humility? 

ity  of  the  plea  oppresses  him.  Wrong  cannot  be 
righted,  it  may  only  be  avoided,  and  that  is  a  matter  of  future 
conduct  not  of  present  words.  It  is  better  that  sorrow  for 
one's  misdeeds  should  lie  too  deep  for  words,  than  too  shallow 
for  actions.  The  man  of  shuffling  morals  is  easily  brought  to 
his  knees.  The  valiant  soul  confesses  to  itself,  does  penance 
until  death,  and  looks  for  no  absolution.  God  and  man  may 
forget  my  offense,  but  when  I  forget  it  the  numbness  of  spirit- 
ual death  has  set  in.  He  who  asks  that  his  sins  be  washed 
away  begs  for  moral  blindness.  Far  better  ask  that  the  mem- 
ory of  his  good  deeds  be  blotted  out.  Character  would  suffer 
less  from  the  loss.  Remorse  is  tonic,  forgiveness  is  anaesthetic. 
The  truly  repentant  cannot  forgive  himself  and  why  should  he 
ask  another  to  do  what  he  finds  impossible  ?  Why  claim  a 
miracle  at  the  hands  of  his  maker  ?  That  he  does  is  but  an- 
other evidence  of  the  colossal  conceit  of  mortality. 

There  is  no  charity  so  popular  as  that  which  covers  a     covering 
multitude  of  sins  and  keeps  them  warm  and  comfort-  °'*  warming? 

able.  Tenderness  to  evil  is  very  often  an  indirect 
cruelty  to  good.  Forgiveness  too  easily  shades  off  into  con- 
nivance. The  world  may  be  so  busy  reforming  the  wrong- 
doer that  it  finds  no  time  to  encourage  the  right-doer,  and  yet 
there  may  be  more  genuine  philanthropy  in  smiling  upon  the 
good  man  than  in  weeping  over  the  sot.  A  little  undisguised 
scorn  is  valuable  at  times. 

The  youth  looking  about  for  a  career  which  will  bring     ^s  a 
him  most  readily  into  social  prominence  today  might  profession. 

logically  fix   upon   crime.     The  criminal  is  on  every 
tongue  and  on  every  page.    Government,  education,  conditions 
are  held  responsible  and  vigorously  attacked.     The  individual 
alone  is  treated  gently  as  an  irresponsible  effect.    And  yet  man 
is,  and  always  has  been,  the  great  first  cause  of  evil. 

Society  rallies  eagerly  at  the  call  of  an  abstraction.    It     the  virtue 
is  so  much  easier  to  build  "rescue"  homes  than  to  close  ^^  hating. 

our   own  to  well  dressed  vice.     '*  Judge  not,"   we  say 
virtuously  when  we  are  too  cowardly  to  follow  our  judgment. 
In  all  our  analysis  of  evil,  all  our  wordy  efforts  at  its  suppres- 
sion are  we  forgetting  the  vital  remedy — to  hate  it  ? 


i84 


t  LAMiMARKS 


IWCORPOHATtD;r 

TO   CONSERVE   THE   MISSIONS 
AND    OTHER     HISTORIC 
LANDMARKS    OF    SOUTHERN 
CALIFORNIA. 

DiBBCTOBS  : 

Frank  A.  Gibson. 
Henry  W.  O'Melveny. 
Rev.  J.  Adam. 
Sumner  P.  Hunt. 
Arthur  B.  Benton. 
Margaret  Collier  Graham. 
Chos.  F.  Lummis. 

HoHOBABT  Line  Meubkbs  :  R.  Egan,  Tessa  L  Kelso. 

LiFK  Membibs  :  Jas.  B  Laukershim,  J  Downey  Harvey,  Edward  E.  Ayer,  John  F.  Francis,  Mrs.  John  F. 
Francis,  Mrs.  Alfred  Solano,  Margaret  Collier  Graham,  Miss  Collier,  Andrew  McNally,  Rt.  Rev.  G«o.  Montgomery, 
Miss  M.  F.  Wills,  B.  F.  Port«r,  Prof.  Chas.  C.  Bragdon,  Mrs.  Jas.  W.  Soott,  Mrs.  Phoebe  A.  Hearst,  Mrs.  Annie  D. 
Apperson,  Miss  Agnes  Lane,  Mrs.  M.  W.  Kincaid,  Col.  H.  G  Otis,  H.  Jevne,  J.  R.  Newberry-  Dr.  W,  Jarvis  Barlow, 
Marion  Brooks  Barlow,  Geo.  W.  Marston,  Chas.  L.  Hutchinson,  U.  S  Grant,  jr.,  Isabel  M.  R.  Severance. 

ADVISORY  BOARD:  Jessie  Benton  Fremont,  Col.  H.  G.  Otis,  R.  Egan,  W.  C.  Patterson,  Adeline 
Stearns  Wing,  Geo.  H.  Bonebrake,  Tessa  L.  Kelso,  Don  Marcos  Forster,  Chas.  Cassat  Davis,  Miss  M.  ¥.  Wills, 
C.  D.  Willard,  John  F.  Francis  Frank  J.  Polley,  Rev.  Hugb  K.  Walker,  Elmer  Wachtel,  MaJ.  H.  T.  Lee, 
Rt.  Rev.  Joseph  H.  Johnson,  Bishop  of  Los  Angeles. 

Chairman  Membership  Committee,  Mrs.  J.  (i.  Mossin. 


OFFICERS  I 
President,  Chas.  F.  Lummis. 
Tice-President,  Margaret  Collier  Graham. 
Secretary,  Arthur  B.  Benton,  114  N.  Spring  St. 
Treasurer,  Frank  A.  Gibson,  Cashier  1st  Nat.  Bank. 
Corresponding  Secretary.  Mrs.  M.  E.  Stilson. 

812  Kensington  Road,  Los  Angeles. 


^' 


►HB  Club's  work  at  San  Diego,  the  Mother  Mission,  is  now  prac- 
tically at  a  standstill  for  lack  of  funds.  One  hundred  dollars 
was  sent  down  from  the  Club's  treasury  for  a  starter  ;  and  San 
Diego  has  raised  $115  at  home.  A  very  handsome  money's  worth  of 
work  has  been  done  for  this  small  sum — thanks  to  the  care  of  Mr.  Heb- 
bard,  architect  in  charge — in  putting  brick  foundations  under  tottering 
walls,  and  cement-capping  wasted  ones.  But  this  is  not  enough  to  do 
for  a  monument  so  important  in  history.  The  Club  will  try  to  set  the 
ball  rolling  again  ;  and  again  hopes  that  San  Diego  will  match  its  con- 
tribution. The  appeal  is  to  Americans  everywhere.  Contributions 
from  $1  up  are  welcome  and  go  net  to  the  work  of  preserving  these 
historic  piles. 

Of  the  15,000  American  educators  who  met  in  national  convention  in 
Los  Angeles  in  July,  72  by  count  cared  to  see  a  California  Mission. 
Sixty  went  to  San  Fernando,  July  15  ;  and  two  days  later  12  stepped  off 
at  Capistrano  from  a  train  of  500  with  stop-over  privileges.  In  both 
cases,  members  of  the  Club  did  their  best  to  make  the  day  pleasant  and 
instructive. 

CONTRIBUTIONS  FOR  THE  WORK. 

Previously  acknowledged,  |3680.96. 

New  contributions  :  A  Friend  in  San  Diego,  $25. 

$1  each:  J.  B.  O'Brien,  D.  Hitchcock,  W.  A.  Scripps,  Mrs.  W.  A, 
Scripps,  Maj.  H.  Sweeney,  Geo.  J.  Bickel,  Dr.  R.  M.  Powers,  Miss  S.  S. 
Crocker,  Miss  Helen  Ballard,  all  San  Diego  ;  Bertrand  B.  Taylor,  Boston, 
Mass. 


i85 


War  Views  in  the  Philippines. 


CM.  Davis  Eng.  Co.  NATIVE)   WOMAN,    MANILA.  Photo  by  Allen. 


GRA.YSOX   (NEBRASKA   VOI,UNTEERS),   WHO   FIRED  THE   FIRST 
SHOT   IN   THE   PHILIPPINE   WAR,    FEB.    4,    1899 


FILIPINO   INSURGENTS,    PRISONERS   OF   U.  S.  FORCES. 


I* 
I* 

lii 


CALIFORNIA  BABIES 


II  II 


II  II  II  II 


THIS  CLIMATE  SUITS  ME. 


QUAII,  SHOOTING  IN  SOUTHERN  CALIFORNIA. 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "saw  it  in  the  I^and  of  Suivshinb." 


$100  Reward.  $100. 
The  readers  of  this  magazine  will  be  pleased 
to  learn  that  there  is  at  least  one  dreaded  disease 
that  science  has  been  able  to  cure  in  all  its 
stages  and  that  is  Catarrh.  Hall's  Catarrh 
Cure  is  the  only  positive  cure  now  known  to 
the  medical  fraternity  Catarrh  being  a  con- 
stitutional disease,  requires  a  constitutional 
treatment.  Hall's  Catarrh  Cure  is  taken  inter- 
nally, acting  directly  upon  the  blood  and  rau- 
cous surfaces  of  the  system,  thereby  destroying 
the  foundation  of  the  disease,  and  giving  the 
patient  strength  by  building  up  the  constitution 
and  assisting  nature  in  doing  its  work.  The 
proprietors  have  so  much  faith  in  its  curative 
powers,  that  they  offer  One  Hundred  Dollars 
for  any  case  that  it  fails  to  cure.  Send  for  list 
of  testimonials.  Address  F.  J.  CHENEY  &  CO., 
Toledo,  O.     JSIS"  Sold  by  druggists,  75c. 

Get  Posted 

We  are  in  receipt  of  a  charming  booklet  from 
Jones-MuUen  Co.,  of  New  York  city,  entitled 
"  Umbrella  Economy,"  which  is  certainly  worth 
a  two  cent  stamp  to  secure.  It  thoroughly  illus- 
trates and  describes  what  the  advertisement  sug- 
gests on  the  outside  of  the  back  cover  of  this 
issue. 


ASTHMA 

IT  IS  CUB  SPECIALTY 

Bronchitis,  Lungjhroat, 

Wasting  and  Nervous 

Diseases  cured  to 

stay  cured  1 1 

Oor  New  Method  treatment  and 
Remedies  Cure  all  Stomacb.  Liver. 
Kidney  and  Chronic  Blood  Diseases 

FREE  our  Book  on  Health 
Dr.  Gord i n's  Sa n ita ri u m 

514  PINE  St.,  S.  F.,  CaU 


CHAS.  E.  MARSHALL 

:-— °  Wood  Mantels 

TILES  AND  GRATES 

Tel.  Brown  1821  Correspondence  Solicited 

514  S.  Spring  St.,  Los  Angeles,  Cai. 


ILL  develop  or  reduce 
any  part  of  the  body 

A  Perfect  Complexion  Beautifier 
and 

Remover  of  Wrinkles 

Dr.  John  Wilson  Gibbs' 

THE  ONLY 

u^,^:  ,iFv^M|n^l    Electric  Massage  Roller 

-^^ ,.-:  o'^ariiS^aaHBi'    I     (Patented  United  States,  Europe, 
Canada.) 
"  Kb  work  is  not  confined  to  the 
face  alone,  but  will  do  good  to  any 
Trade-Marli  Registered.       part  of  the  body  to  which  it  is  ap- 
plied, developing  or  reducing  as  desired.     It  is  a  very  pretty 
addition  to  the  toilet-table."— Chicago  Tribune. 

"This  delicate  Electric  Beautifier  removes  all  facial  blemishes. 
It  is  the  only  positive  remover  of  wrinkles  and  crow's-feet.  It 
never  fails  to  perform  all  that  is  expected." — Chieago  Times- 
Herald. 

"The  Electric  Roller  is  certainly  productive  of  good  results. 
I  believe  it  the  best  of  any  appliances     It  is  safe  and  effective." 
— Harriet  Hubbard  Atxr,  New  York  World. 

For  Massage  and  Curative  Purposes 

An  Electric  Roller  in  all  the  term  implies  The  invention  of  a 
physician  and  electrician  known  throughout  this  country  and 
Europe.  A  most  perfect  complexion  beautifier.  Will  remove 
wrinkles,  "crow's-feet"  (premature  or  from  age),  and  all  facial 
blemishes— POSITIVE  Whenever  electricity  is  to  be  used  for 
massaging  or  curative  purposes,  it  has  no  equal.  No  charging. 
Will  last  forever  Always  ready  tor  use  on  ALL  PARTS  OF  THE 
BOUY,  for  all  diseases.  For  Rheumatism,  Sciatica,  Neuralgia, 
Nervous  and  Circulatory  Diseases,  a  specific  The  professional 
standing  of  the  inventor  (you  are  referred  to  the  public  press 
for  the  past  fifteen  years),  with  the  approval  of  this  country 
and  Europe,  is  a  perfect  guarantee.  PRICE  :  Gold,  $4  00 ; 
Silver,  (3  00.  By  mail,  or  at  office  of  Gibbs'Company,  1370 
Broadwat,  New  York.    Circular  free. 

The  Only  Electric  Roller. 
All  others  so  called  are  Fraudulent  Imitations. 


Copyright.  Copyright. 

"Can  take  a  pound  a  day  off  a  patient,  or  put  it  on." — New 
York  Sun,  Aug.  30,  1891.  Send  for  lecture  on  "Great  Subject  of 
Fat."        NO  DIETING.         NO  HARD  WORK. 

Dr.  John  Wilson  Gibbs'  Obesity  Cure 
For  the  Permanent  Reduction  and  Cure  of  Obesity 

Purely  Vegetable.  Harmless  and  Positive.  NO  FAILURE.  Your 
reduction  is  assured — reduced  to  stay.  One  month's  treatment 
$5.00.  Mail,  or  office,  1370  Broadway,  New  York  "On  obesity, 
Dr.  Gibbs  is  a  recognized  authority.— N.  Y.  Press,  1899." 

REDUCTION  GUARANTEED 

"The  cure  is  based  on  Nature's  laws."— New  York  Herald, 
July  9,  1893. 


5  IN  EVERY  WAY 


In  Location,  In  Appointments,  In  Customers, 
Service  and  in  Goods  ours  is      ::      ::     ::     ::     :: 


In 


A  Strictly  First-Class  Shoe  House 


m 

m 
m 
m 

5    price 

I  G.  k 

■J   Telephone  Red  3441 

m 


Not  only  can  we  meet  every  demand  in  our  line,  but  there  is  not  a  shoddy 
piece   in  our  entire  stock.     Our  aim  is  to  excel  in  quality  and  compete  in 
That  is  why  our  name  is  in  every  shoe  we  sell. 

C.  M.  Staub  Shoe  Company 

255  South  Broadway,  Los  Angeles 
Maii,  Orders  Soucited. 


F.  B.  Silverwood  for  Mackintoslies  and  Umbrellas. 


when  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Land  op  Sunshine. 


Or 


H.JEVNE 


^:^:^:^^ 
^^^^^. 


WHOLESALE    AND    RETAIL    GROCER 

TTHE 

ADVANTAGES  'I  LARGE  STORE 

On  account  of  its  large  purchasing  ability,  and  consequently  the 
low  prices  it  offers  to  customers,  should  be  borne  in  mind. 

Ours  supplies  any  want  in  edibles,  beverages  or  smokes,  and  at  the 
same  time  provides  the  best  and  the  freshest. 

YOU    ARE    ALWAYS    SAFE    AT   JEVNE'S 

208-210    SOUTH    SPRING    STREET 


'^i    Telephone  Main  9d 


I^OS  ANGEI.ES 


Oil 


KNr>x« 


P^.J_ 


di|ty 


with 


OOUR 


^0  Tia 

Fa,. 


Ho 


^'■^  Taint  nun  too  much  cos  it's  Knoxes^ 

IT'S  NOT  LIKE  PIE 

IT'S   HEAI.THY. 

Endorsed  by  all  users.  That  "  invaluable  little 
receipt  book  "  sent  free  for  2c.  stamp.  Knox'H 
Sparkling,  and  Knox's  Acidulated  Gela- 
tine at  yourgrocers,  or  pint  sample,  postpaid,  5c. 
Pink  Gelatine  with  every  package. 

C.  B.  KNOX,  Johnstown,  N.  Y. 


To  Cure  a  Cold  in  One  Day- 
Take  Laxative  Bromo  Quinine  Tablets.  All  drug- 
grists  refund  the  money  if  it  fails  to  cure.    25c. 
The  genuine  has  I,.  B.  Q.  on  each  tablet. 


FOR  MEATS,  FISH,  GRAVIES, 

SOUPS,  «fcC.,  THIS  SAUCE 

HAS  NO  EQUAL 

Manufactured  and  Bottled  only  by 

GEORGE  WILLIAMS  CO., 

LOS  Angeles,  Cal. 

If  this  sauce  is  not  satisfactory,  return  it  to   your 
grccer  and  he  will  refund  your  money. 

G10B6B  Williams  Co 


i  American 
I  Beet  Sugar  €o. 


FACTORIES  AT 


Oxnard  and  Chino,  California 


GUARANTEED 


To  be  the  Finest  Sugars 
And  will  Preserve  Fruits 


••••••••••i 


Help— 411  Kinds.    See  Hummel  Bros.  &  Co.    300  W.  Second  St.    Tel.  Main  509 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  I^and  of  Sunshine.' 


••••••• •••••••• •••••••• 


LOS  ANGELES  FURNITURE  CO. 

CARPETS,  RUGS,  CURTAINS 

225-227-229  S.  BROADWAY        Opposite  City  Hall 
LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 


A  COMFORT  IM  HEALTH  OR  SICKNESS 


Our  adjustable  bedside 


table  for  use  over  bed-lounge  or  chair,  is  the  most 
c  o  n  V  e  n  ient  all-around 
piece  of  furniture  ever  in- 
vented— ideal  for  the  sick 
room  and  as  a  reading 
table  with  which  to  hold 
a  book.  The  leaf  can  be 
extended,  raised  or  low- 
ered, or  tilted  to  any 
angle.  Neat  folding  book 
holders  attached  to  each 
side  of  leaf.  It  is  neat, 
simple  and  durable. 

This  Adjustable  Table  with  black  enameled  base,  nickel  standard  and  oak 

leaf,  at  $5.25. 


one  of  Califor 
Accommodations    for 


n 


Sulphur  Mt.  Springs 

S  nia's  beauty  spots.      Acco _-- 

•  campers.    Illustrated  circulars  may  be  had  ? 

)  from    Hugh    B.    Rice,   agent    for    "Cook's  ( 

)  Tours,"    230   S.    Spring    St.,   Los  Angeles  ;  ( 

^  FiSKB  &  Johnston,  707  State  St.,  Santa  Bar-  ^ 

S  bara,  or  by  writing  to  ( 

/         HAWLEY  &  RICHARDS,  Props  ,  ) 

)  Santa  Paula,  Ventura  Co.,  Cal.  S 


RING  UP  MAIN  940. 

Merchants  Parcel  Delivery  Co. 

C.  H.  FINLEY,  Manager. 

Parcels  10c. ,  Trunks  25c.  Special  rates  to  mer- 
chants. We  make  a  feature  of  "  Specials  "  and 
Shipping.  Ofl&ce  hours  7:30  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 
Saturdays  to  10  p.  m.    Agents  for  Bythinia. 

No.  Ill  Court  Street,  Ijos  Angeles,  Cal. 


ili%%ififfif^ff(%%%%%%%%^%%%%%%%ifi%%%^%%%%%%^%%%%%%%%%fk^%^fk^%^%fk 


A  Modern  Laundry 
Conveniently 
Located 

Reasonable  Rates 


Our  Laundry  is  thoroughly  up-to-date. 
We  have  invested  thousands  of  dollars 
in  modern  machinery  in  order  to  be  able 
to  give  first-class  service,  and  we  give  it. 
Our  place  affords  some  advantages  en- 
joyed by  no  other  laundry  in  this  sec- 
tion— such  as  no  saw  edge  on  collars  and 
cuffs.  In  our  place  family  washings  can 
be  done  separately.  We  give  the  most 
artistic  and  least  destructive  polish  to 
linen. 
The  safest  and  best  is  always  cheapest. 


J  Telephone 
y  635  ... 


Empire  Laundry 


149  South   J 

Main  Street  jt 

it 


i  LOS   ANGELES,   CAL.  S 

^  St 


P.  B.  Silverwood  makes  a  specialty  of  Shirts  of  all  kinds. 


Educational 

Department, 


Pomona  College. 


POMONA  COLLEGE 


CLAREMONT 
CAL. 


Courses  leading  to  degrees  of  B.A.,  B.S.,  and 
B.I<.  Its  degrees  are  recognized  by  University 
of  California.  Stanford  University,  and  all 
the  Eastern  Universities. 

Also  preparatory  School,  fitting  for  all  Col- 
lies, and  a  School  of  Music  of  high  grade. 


Address,  FRANK  T,. 


FERGUSON, 

President. 


Pasadena. 

Boarding  and  Day  School  for  Qirls 

Certificate  admits  to  Eastern  Colleges 

124  S.  Enclid  Ave 

LASELL  SEMINARY  FOR  Y0UN6  WOMEN 

AUBURNDALE,   MASS. 

"  In  your  walking  and  sitting  so  much  more 
erect  ;  in  your  general  health  ;  in  your  conversa- 
tion ;  in  your  way  of  meeting  people,  and  in  in- 
numerable ways,  I  could  see  the  benefit  you  are 
receiving  from  your  training  and  associations  at 
Ivasell.  All  this  you  must  know  is  very  gratifying 
to  me." 

So  a  father  wrote  to  his  daughter  after  her 
Christmas  vacation  at  home.  It  is  unsolicited 
testimony  as  to  Lasell's  success  in  some  im- 
portant lines. 

Those  who  think  the  time  of  their  daughters 
is  worth  more  than  money,  and  in  the  quality  of 
the  conditions  which  are  about  them  during 
school- life  desire  the  very  best  that  the  East  can 
oflfer,  will  do  well  to  send  for  the  illustrated  cat- 
alogue. C.  C.  BRAGDON,  Principal. 


Occidental  College 

I.OS  ANGELES,  CAI,. 

Three  Courses:    classical,  uterary. 

Scientific,  leading  to  degrees  of  B.  A.,  B.  L.,  and 
B.  S.    Thorough  Preparatory  Department. 

Winter  term  began  January  3, 1899. 

Address  the  President, 

Rev.  Guy  W.  TVadgwortli. 

CHAFFEY  COLLEGE,  ontan.,  cai. 

Well  endowed.     Most   healthful  location. 

Enter  from  8th  grade. 

Opens  Sept.  29.    $250.00  per  year. 
Elm  Hall,  for  young  ladies,  under  charge  of 

cultured  lady  teachers.    Highest  standards . 
West  Hail,  for  boys,  home  of  family  of  Dean, 

and  gentlemen  teachers. 

WHAT  A  FATHER  THINKS .... 

An  unsolicited  opinion 
from  the  father  of  one  of 
our  boys  : 

*  *  *  "Our  best  thanks  are 
due  you  for  your  unfailing  kind- 
ness shown  our  son  during  his 
residence  at  the  Academy,  and 
while  he  seems  to  have  done 
very  well  with  his  studies,  what 
is  of  far  more  consequence  is 
the  influence  which  makes  for 
manliness  and  character  build- 
ing, already  apparent  in  this 
child  after  a  single  term." 

Fifth  Annual  Catalogue  ot 

Los  Angeles 
Academy 

Mailed  to  any  address  upon  ap- 
plication to  W  R.  WHEAT,  Bus- 
iness Manager. 

Fall  term  commences  Septem- 
ber 20,  1899. 

SANFORD  A.HOOPER.A.  M., 

Head  Ma>ter. 

GRENVILLE  C.  EMERY,  A.  M., 
EDWARD  L   HARDY,  B.  L., 

Associate  Masters 


DIFFERENT   IN    EVERY    FEATURE 

The  Brownsberger  Home  School  of  Shorthand  and  Typewriting 

903    SOUTH    BROADWAY,    I.OS    ANGEI.JES,    CAI^IFOKNIA 

Large  lawn  and  porches  where  pupils  study,  and  dictate.  Individual  instruction  only.  Half  day 
attendance  all  that  is  necessary.  Only  teachers  of  long  experience  do  any  teaching.  This  is  the  only 
Shorthand  School  on  the  coast  that  has  a  business  office  training  department.  A  new  machine 
furnished  each  pupil  at  his  home  without  extra  charge.     Send  for  catalogue. 

Corner  Broadway  and  Ninth  Street.    Tel.  White  4871. 


Ilummel  Bros.  &  Co.,  furnish  best  help.    300  W.  Second  St.    Tel.  IMain  509. 


GIRLS'  COLLEGIATE  SCHOOL 


Girl's  Collegiate  School. 

ALiCB  K.  Parsons,  B.  a., 
Jbannb  W.  Dbmnbn, 

Principal*. 


1918-%!i-S4-S6 

South  Grand  Avenue,  I<o8  Angeles 


^ 


los  /7Dge/e6 


212    in^EST    THIRD    STREET 

Is  the  oldest  established,  has  the  largest  attendance,  and  is  the  best  equipped 
business  college  on  the  Pacific  Coast.     Catalogue  and  circulars  free. 


226  S.  Spring  St.,     Los  Angeles,  Cai.. 

Oldest,  largest  and  best.    Send  for  catalogue. 
^.  G.  Felker,  President 
John  W.  Hood,  John  W.  I,ackby, 

Vice-President  Secretary 


ARE  YOU  ONE  OF  THOSE 

who  have  inscribed  their  names  and  im- 
pressions in  the  register  at  the 

GRAND    CANON 

If  so,  you  want  a  copy  of  the  book  which 
reproduces  the  entire  record,  together  with 
illustrations.    Just  published  by 

G.  K.  WOODS,  Mgr.  Grand  Canon  Stage  Co. 
Flagstaff,  Arizona. 


1      WHEN  YOU  VISIT 

SAN    DIEGO 

REMEMBER 


mYT— 

"^  ♦  THB- 


ROOM8 

$1.00  Psr   Day 

AND    UP 


American  and  European  Plan.  Centrally 
located.  Elevators  and  fire  escapes.  Baths, 
hot  and  cold  water  in  all  suites.  Modern 
conveniences.  Fine  large  sample  rooms  for 
commercial  travelers. 
Cafe  and  Grille  Room  open  all  hours. 

J.  C.  O'BRIEN.  Prop. 


P.  B.  Silverwood's  bigr  store  is  at  124  South  Spring  St. 


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New  residents  in  a  city  or  persons  moving  from  one  section  to  another  are  usually  forced  to  learn 
by  experience  the  best  places  to  patronize.  Our  object  in  publishing  a  Commercial  Blue  Book  is  to 
point  out  to  our  readers  a  few  ot  the  leading  stores,  hotels,  rooming  houses,  restaurants,  schools, 
sanitariums,  hospitals,  etc.;  also  professional  men,  and  the  most  satisfactory  places  in  which  to  deal. 
As  it  is  not  our  intention  to  publish  a  complete  business  directory,  some  firms  equally  as  good  as  those 
we  have  listed  may  have  been  omited.  Still,  we  believe  that  those  who  consult  this  guide  will  be  satis- 
fied with  the  list  submitted.  The  variety  and  class  of  goods  handled,  as  well  as  the  reputation  of  the 
merchant,  has  received  careful  attention  in  each  selection  made,  with  the  Idea  of  saving  our  readers  as 
much  time,  trouble  and  expense  as  possible. 


ART,  MUSIC,  SCHOOLS  AND  COL- 
LEGES. 

Artists. 
J.    Bond   Francisco,    416-417   Blanchard 
Hall,  235  S.  Broadway. 

Business  Colleges. 

Ivos  Angeles  Business  College,  212  W. 
Third  St.,  Currier  Bldg.  Tel.  Black 
2651. 

The  Brownsberger  Home  School  of  Short- 
hand and  Typewriting,  903  S.  Broad- 
way. 

Dancing  Academy. 

W.  T.  Woods,  740  S.  Figueroa  st.  Tel. 
Black  1781. 

Dramatic  Training 

G.  A.  Dobinson.  Studio,  526  S.  Spring  St. 
(Training  of  the  speaking  voice  a 
specialty. ) 

Marbelized  Plaster  Medallions, 
Busts,  etc. 

Sarah  B.  Thatcher,  successor  to  Alfred 

T.  Nicoletti,  129  East  Seventh  st. 

Musical  Colleges 

Los  Angeles   Musical     College,   Bryson 
Blk.,  Second  and  Spring  sts.,  Edward 
Quinlan,  Director.     Tel.  Red  1083. 
Vocal  Instruction 

Madame     Genevra   Johnstone     Bishop. 

Studio,  Blanchard  Music  Building. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.   W.   G.  Cogswell,  1138  S. 

Flower  st. 

Schools  and  Colleges. 

St.  Vincent's  College,  Grand  ave. 

Ivos  Angeles  Military  Academy,  west  of 

Westlake  Park.     P.  O.  Box  193,  City. 
Miss  French's  Classical  School  for  Girls, 

512  S.  Alvarado  st.    Tel.  Brown  1652. 


Miss  Ackelson's  Select  School,   614  S. 

Hill  st,  room  7 
Eton  Preparatory  School  for  Boys,  900 

W.  Pico  St.,  Horace  L  Brown,  ItLB., 

Principal.     Tel.  Blue  786. 


Architects 


Arthur  Burnett  Benton,  1 14  N.  Spring  st. 
Tel.  Green  14. 

R.  B.  Young,  427  S.  Broadway.  Tel- 
Main  151. 

John  P.  Krempel,  415-416  Henne  Blk. 
Tel.  Main  663. 

Architect  Supplies 

Sanborn,  Vail  &  Co.,  133  S.  Spring  st. 

Acetyline  Gas  Generator  and  Calcium 
Carbide 

Hedden  &  Black,  746  S.  Main  st. 

Asoayers,    Refiners  and  Bullion   Buyers 

Wm.  T.  Smith  &  Co.,  114  N.  Main  st. 
Tel.  Brown  1735. 

Any  vo— Theatrical  Cold  Cream  Make  Up. 
Rouge  Gras 

Viole  &  Lopizich,  427  N.  Main  st.,  dis- 
tributing agents.     Tel.  Main  895. 
Banks 

California  Bank,  S.  W.  cor.  Second  st. 
and  Broadway. 

German-American  Savings  Bank,  N.  E. 
cor.  First  and  Main  sts. 

Los  Angeles  National  Bank  (United 
States  Depositary),  N.E.  cor.  First 
and  Spring  sts. 

Security  Savings  Bank,  N.  E.  cor.  Sec- 
ond and  Main  sts. 

Southern  California  Savings  Bank,  150- 
152  N.  Spring  St. 

State  Bank  and  Trust  Company,  N.  W. 
cor.  Second  and  Spring  sts. 


Land  of  Sunshine  Commercial  Blue  Book,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Bakeries 

Ebinger's  Bakery,  cor.  Spring  and  Third 

sts.     Tel.  610. 
The  Meek  Baking  Co.     Factory  and   of- 
fice Sixth  and  San  Pedro  sts.     Tel. 

main  322.      Principal  store  226    W. 

Fourth  St.     Tel.  main  101 1. 
Ahrens'  Bakery,  425  S.   Broadway. 
Mrs.  Angel's  Bakery,  830  W.  Seventh  st. 
Ivos  Angeles  Bakery,  Jean  Dore,    Prop. 

(French  Bread.)     846  Lyon  st.  cor. 

Macy. 
Karl   A.    Senz,   614  S.   Broadway.      Tel. 

Main  1411.     French  Pastry. 

Bamboo  Goods 

S.  Akita,  504  S.  Broadway 

Baths 
Hammam,   210    S.    Broadway.     Turkish 

and  all  other  baths  and  rubs,  25  cts. 

toll. 

Beach  Pebbles,  Moonstones,  Agates,  Sea 

Shells,  etc..  Dressed  and  Polished 

to  Order 

J.  A.  Mcintosh  &  Co.,  L.  A.  Steam  Shell 
Works,  1825  S.  Main  st. 
Bicycle  Dealers 
L  A.  Cycle  and  Sporting  Goods  Co  ,  319 

S.  Main  st. 
Central  Park  Cyclery,  G.  W.  Williams, 
prop.,   518  S.  Hill  st      Tel.    Green 
1211. 

Bicycle  Insurance. 

The  California  Bicyclists  Protective  As- 
sociation, Chas  J.  George  &  Co., 
Mgrs.,  208  Ivaughlin  Bldg.  Tel. 
Main  990. 

Bicycle  Biding  Academy 

Central  Park  Cyclery,  W.  G.    Williams, 
prop.,  518  S.  Hill  St.  Tel.  Green  1211. 
Books,  Stationery,  etc. 

Stoll  &  Thayer  Co.,  252-254  S.  Spring  st. 

B.  F.  Gardner,  305  S.  Spring  st. 

Botanic  Pharmacy 

Iviscomb's  Botanic  Pharmacy,  Main  and 
Fifteenth  sts.     Tel.  West  68. 

Breeders  of  Thoroughbred    Belgians, 
Angoria  and  Russian  Babbits. 

The  Bonanza  Rabbitry,  Elmer  L-  Piatt, 
930  Grand  View  ave.    Circulars  free. 

Enterprise  Rabbitry,  Ax  &  Peet,  1009  W. 
Ninth  St.     Tel.  West  239. 
Building  and  Loan  Associations 

The  State  Mutual  Building  and  Loan  As- 
sociation, 141  S.  Broadway. 
Business  Universities. 

Metropolitan  Business  University,  W.  C. 
Buckman,  Mgr.,  438-440  S.  Spring  st. 
Carpet  Cleaning  TVorks 

Pioneer  Steam  Carpet  Cleaning  Works, 
Robt.  Jordan,  Mgr.,  641  S.  Broadway. 
Tel.  217  Main. 

Great  Western  Steam  Carpet  Cleaning 
Works,  H.  Himelreich,  Prop.  Cor. 
Ninth  and  Grand  ave.  (formerly 
Tenth  and  Grand  ave.) 


Carpenter  "Work,  Jobbing,  Mill  Work 

Adams  Mfg.  Co.,  742  S.  Main  st.  Tel. 
Red  1048. 

Carriage  Works. 

J.  U.  Tabor  &  Co.  ( J.  U.  Tabor  and  G. 
N.  Rookhout).  cor.  Seventh  and  Los 
Angeles  sts.     Tel.  Main  127. 

Cooperative  Carriage  Works,  A.  Sperl, 
Mgr.,  337  E.  First  st. 

Chemical  and   Mill   Testing  Liaboratory 
and  Assay  Office 

Union  Mining  and  Milling  Co.,  332  W. 
Second    st.       (Stephens    Reduction 
Process.) 
Clothing  and  Gent's  Furnishings 

London  Clothing  Co.,  117-125  N.  Spring 

St.,  s.  w.  cor.  Franklin. 
Mullen,  Bluett  &  Co.,  n.  w.  cor.  Spring 

and  First  sts. 

Confectionery,  Ice  Cream,  Sherbets,   etc. 
Wholesale  and  Retail 

Merriam  &  Son,   127  S.  Spring  st.     Tel. 

Main  475. 
M.  Broszey  &  Co.,  727  W.  Sixth  st.    Tel. 

Red  2033. 
Coal  Oil,  Gasoline,  Wood,  Coal,   etc. 
Morris-Jones  Oil   and  Fuel   Co.,    127  S. 

Broadway.     Tel.  Main  666. 

Collateral  liOans 

G.  M.  Jones,  254  S.    Broadway,  rooms  1 
and  2  (Private  office  for  ladies).  Tel. 
Main  739. 
Costumers,  Theatrical  Goods,  etc. 
Mme.  D.  S.  Corona  De  Weighs,   359  N. 
Main  St.     Tel.  Black  2691. 
Curio  Stores 
Wm.  F.  Winkler,  346  S.Broadway. 

Decorative     Needle-work     and   Infants' 
Wear 

Beeman  &  Hendee,  310  S.  Broadway. 

Delicacy  Store 
Ahrens'  Bakery,  425  S.  Broadway. 

Dentists 
Drs.  Adams  Bros.,  239>^  S.  Spring  st. 
G.  H.  Kriechbaum,  356  S.  Broadway. 

Distilled  W^ater  and  Carbonated 
Beverages. 

The  Ice  and  Cold  Storage  Co.,  Seventh 

St.  and  Santa  Fe  Ry.  tracks.      Tel. 

228. 

Dry  Goods 
N.  B.  Blackstone  Co.,  Spring  and  Third 

sts. 
Boston  Dry  Goods  Store,  239  S.  Broadway. 
J.  M.  Hale  Co.,  107-9-10  N.  Spring  st. 

Dye  Works,  Cleaning 
American  Dye  Works,  J.  A.  Berg,  prop. 

Office  21 OK  S.  Spring  st.     Tel.  Main 

850.  Works  61 3-61 5  W.  Sixth  st.  Tel. 

Main  1016. 
English  Steam  Dye  .Works,  T.  Caunce, 

proprietor,    829  S.   Spring  st.     Tel. 

Black  2731. 


Land  of  Sunshine  Commercial  Blue  Book,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Druggists 

Boswell  &  Noyes  Drug  Co.,  Prescription 
Druggists,  300  S.  Broadway.  Tel. 
Main  125. 

FJ.Giese,  103N.Main  st.  Tel. Brown  310. 

Thomas  Drug  Co.,  cor.  Spring  and  Tem- 
ple sts.     Tel.  Main  62. 

H.  C.  Worland,  2133  K.  First  st.  Station  B. 

H.  B.  Fasig,  531  Downey  ave.,  cor.  Tru- 
man St.,  East  L.  A.    Tel.  Alta  201. 

M.  W.  Brown,  1200  W.  Washington  st. 

Liscomb's  Pharmacy,  cor.  Main  and  Fif- 
teenth sts.     Tel   West  68. 

Catalina Pharmacy,  M.  Home,  prop.,  1501 
W.  Seventh  st.     Tel.  Green  772. 

Edmiston  &  Harrison,  Vermont  and  Jef- 
ferson sts.     Tel.  Blue  4701. 

E.  P.  Deville,  cor,  Sixth  and  Spring  sts. 
Tel.  Main  799. 

Homeopatkic  Pharmacist 

Boericke  &  Runyon  Co.,  320  S.  Broad- 
way.    Tel.  Main  504. 

Door  and    "Window   Screens    and    House 
Repairing 

Adams  Mfg  Co.,  742  S.  Main  st.  Tel. 
Red  1048. 

JSlectricians 

Woodill  &  Hulse  Electric  Co.,    108  W. 

Third  St.     Tel.  Main  1125. 
Electric  Supply  and  Fixture  Co.,  541  S. 

Broadway.     Tel.  Main  831. 
Electrical  Commercial  Co  ,  666  S.  Spring 

St.     Tel.  Main  1666. 

Furnished  Rooms 
The  Seminole,  324  W.  Third   st.      Rate 

$3  per  week  and  up. 
The  Spencer,  31 6>^  W.  Third  st.      Rate 

$3  to  $5  per  week. 
The  Narragansett,  423  S.  Broadway,  opp. 

Van  Nuys   Broadway.     Tel.    Brown 

1373.     Rate  50c  per  day  and  up. 
The  Kenwood,  131 K  S.  Broadway.     Rate 

$3  to  $6  per  week. 
The  Hamilton,    521   S.  Olive  St.,  facing 

Central   Park.      Rate   $2   to   $5   per 

week. 
Miss  A.  A.  Ryan,  317  S.  Main  st.     Tel. 

Red  2048.     Rate  $2  to  |8  per  week. 
Hotel   Mackenzie,   827^^     S.   Spring   st. 

Rate  $8  per  month  and  up.     Mrs.  G. 

J.  MacKenzie,  prop. 
The  Lawrence,  cor.  Fifth  and  Olive  sts. 

Rate  $5  to  $12  per  month. 
Menlo  Hotel,  Fritz  Guenther,  prop.,  cor. 

Main   and  Winston  sts.,  opp.  post- 
office.     Tel.  Brown  1221. 
The  London,  307 Vz  W.  Second  st.      Tel. 

Green  1 363.     Rate  $2  to  $5  per  week. 
The  Rossmore,  Mrs.  M.   J.  Knox,  prop  , 

416  W.  Sixth  St.      Rate   $1.50  to   $5 

per  week. 
The  Smithsonian,  312  S.    Hill  st.     Rate 

$2  to  $4  per  week. 
The  Hafen,  Mrs.  M.  J.  Knox,  prop.,  344 

S.  Hill  St.    Rate  $1 .50  to  $3  per  week. 

Fish,  Oysters  and  Game. 

(Family  trade  solicited) 
Levy's,  1 1 1  W.  Third  st.     Tel.  Main  1284. 


Fruit  and  Vegetables 

Gill  &  Dunn  Fruit  Co.,  242  S.  Broadway. 

Tel.  Main  773.  (Shipping solicited.) 
Marston   &   Co.,   320  Temple  st.      Tel. 

Main  1622.     (Shipping  solicited.) 
Rivers  Bros.,  Broadway  and  Temple  st. 

Tel.  Main  1426.  (Shipping solicited.) 
Feather  "Works,  Mattresses,  Pillows, £tc. 
Acme    Feather    Works,  Jos.   F.    Allen, 

Prop.,  513  S.  Spring  st.     Tel.  Brown 

1253. 

Furniture,  Carpets  and  Draperies 

Los  Angeles  Furniture  Co.,  225-229  S. 

Broadway.     Tel.  Main  13. 
Southern  California  Furniture  Co.,  312- 

314  S.  Broadway.     Tel.  Main  1215. 
I.  T.  Martin,  531-3-5  S.  Spring  st. 

Gas  Regulator.4. 
Los  Angeles  Gas  Saving  Association,  666 

S.  Spring  St.     Tel.  1666. 
Grilles,   Fretwork,  TVood  Novelties,  Etc. 

Los  Angeles   Grille   Works,   610  South 
Broadway. 

Haberdashers  and  Hatters. 

Bumiller   &    Marsh,    123   S.    Spring   st. 

Tel.  Main  547. 

Hair  Bazaar  and  Beauty  Parlors 
The   Imperial,    Frank   Neubauer,  prop., 

224-226    W.  Second  st.     Tel.   Black 

1381. 

Groceries 

Blue  Ribbon  Grocery,  B.  Wynns  &  Co., 

449  S.  Spring  st.     Tel.  Main  728. 
Despars  &  Sou,  cor.   Main   and   Twenty- 
fifth  sts. 
H.  Jevne,  208-210  S.  Spring  st. 
C.  A.  Neil,  423   Downey  ave  ,  East  L.  A. 

Tel.  Alta  202. 
Marston   &  Co.,   320  Temple  st.      Tel. 

Main  1622 
Electric  Grocery,  1603S.  Grand  ave.  Tel. 

Blue  2612. 
Geo.    Williamson,    1436-38   S.    Main   st. 

Tel.  White  2062. 
O.  Willis,  690  Alvarado  st.     Tel.    Main 

1382. 
J.  C.  Rockhill,    1573  W.    First  St.,   cor. 

Belmont  ave       Tel.  Main  789. 
T.  L.  Coblentz,  825  S.    Grand  ave.     Tel. 

Brown  777. 
J.  Lawrence,  Cool  Block,  cor.  JeflFerson  st. 

and  Wesley  ave. 
Morrison  Bros  ,419  S.  Broadway.     Tel. 

Main  784. 
Rivers  Bros  ,  Broadway  and  Temple  st. 

Tel.  Main  1426. 
Smith  &  Anderson,  cor.  Pico  and  Olive 

sts.     Tel.  Blue  2401. 
C.  R.  Robinson,  318  S.  Broadway.      Tel. 

Red  1732. 
J.  H.  Wyatt,  332  E.  Fifth  st.     Tel.  Brown 

973 
J.  H.  Crew,  Station  F  Postoffice,  523  W. 

Washington  st. 


Land  of  Sunshine  Commercial  Blue  Book,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Hardware 

W.  A.  Russell,  204  S-   Broadway.     Tel. 

Main  47. 
Hardwood  and  Parquetry  Flooring  and 
Enamel  Paints. 

Marshall  &  Jenkins,  430  S.    Broadway. 
Tel.  Green  1611. 

Hay,  Grain,  Coal  and  Wood 

The  P.  J.  Brannen  Feed,  Fuel  &  Storage 

Co.,  806-810  S.  Main  st.      Tel.  Main 

419. 
William  Dibble,  cor.  Sixth  and  Los  An- 
geles sts.     Tel.  Green  1761. 
Grand  Avenue   Feed  &   Fuel  Co.,  A.  F. 

Cochems,    1514    Grand     ave.       Tel. 

West  227. 
J.  H.  White  &  Son,  2024-2028  B.  First  st. 

Tel.  Boyle  4 
A.    B.    Breuchaud,    841    S.   Figueroa  st. 

Tel.  Main  923. 
Parker  Seymour,    1528  W.  Seventh  St., 

Westlake  District.     Tel.  Main  647. 
Enterprise  Fuel  and  Feed  Store,  Ax  & 

Peet,   cor.   Ninth    and  Georgia  sts. 

Tel.  West  239. 

Homeopathic  Pharmacist 
Boericke  &  Runyon  Co.,  320  S.  Broadway. 

Tel.  Main  504. 

Hospitals 

The  California  Hospital,   1414  S.    Hope 

St.     Tel.  West  92. 
Dr.  Stewart's  Private  Hospital,  315  West 

Pico  St.     Tel.  West  14. 

Hotels 

Abbotsford  Inn,  cor,  Bighth  and   Hope 

sts.     Rate,  $1.50  per  day  and  up. 
AUline  Hotel,  Hill  st.,  bet.  3rd  and  4th 

sts.     American  plan,  fl.50  per   day 

and   up.      European    plan,    $3  50   to 

$10.00  per  week. 
Hotel  Locke,  139  S.  Hill  St.,  entrance  on 

Second  st.      American   plan.      Rate 

$8.00  to  $12  per  week. 
Bellevue  Terrace  Hotel,  cor.  Sixth  and 

Figueroa  sts.  Rate,  $2  per  day  and  up. 
HoUenbeck  Hotel,  American  and  Europ- 
ean plan.  Second  and  Spring  sts. 
Hotel  Van  Nuys,    n.  w.    cor.    Main   and 

Fourth  sts       American  plan,   $3  to 

$12  per  day;    European  plan,  $1    to 

$10  per  day. 
Westminster   Hotel,  n.  e.  cor.  Main  and 

Fourth  sts      American  plan,  |3  per 

day  and  up  ;  European  plan,  $1  per 

day  and  up. 
Hotel   Gray   Gables,    cor.   Seventh    and 

Hill  sts.     Rates  $1  to  $2  per  day. 
Hotel  Lillie,  534  S.  Hill  st.     Rate  $8  to 

$15  per  week. 
The  Belmont,  425  Temple  st.     Rate  $6.50 

per  week  and  up. 
Hotel  Grey,   n.  e.   cor.  Main  and  Third 

sts.    European  plan.      Rate,  $3.00  to 

$12  per  week 
Hotel  Rio   Grande,   425   W.   Second  st. 

Rate,  $1.50  per  day  and  up. 
Japanese  Fancy  Goods 
Quong  Lee  Lung  &  Co.,  350  S.  Spring  st. 


Jewelers  and  Watchmakers 

S.  Conradi,  113  S.  Spring  st.     Tel.  Main 

1159. 
W.  T.  Harris,  cor.   First  and  Main  sts. 

Tel.  Red  2981. 

liadies*.  Children's  and  Infants'  Wear 

I.  Magnin  &  Co.,  251  S.  Broadway. 
liadies   Tailor 

S.  BeniofT,  330  S.  Broadway. 
liaundries 

Acme  Steam  Laundry,  325-327  B-  Second 
St.     Tel.  Main  531. 

Crystal  Steam  Laundry,  W.  J.  Hill,  Mgr., 
416-420  E.  First  st.  Tel.  Red  1932. 
Special  prices  to  families;  all  silks 
and  flannels  washed  with  distilled 
water ;  no  shrinkage,  no  fade. 
liiquor    Merchants 

H.  J.  Woollacott,  124-126  N.  Spring  st. 

Southern  California  Wine  Co.,  220  W. 
Fourth  St. 

Edward   Germain   Wine  Co.,  397-399  S. 

Los  Angeles  st.     Tel.  Main  919. 

liivery  Stables  and  Tally-hos 

Tally-ho  Stable  &  Carriage  Co.,  W.  R. 
Murphy  (formerly  at  109  N.  Broad- 
way), 712  S.  Broadway.  Tel.  Main 
51. 

Eagle  Stables,  Woodward  &  Cole,  122  S. 
Broadway.     Tel.  Main  248 

Boyle  Heights  Livery  Stable,  J  H.  White 
&  Son,  2024-2028  B.  First  st.  Tel. 
Boyle  4. 

Eureka  Stables,  323  W.  Fifth  st.  Tel. 
Main  71. 

Millinery 

Maison  Nouvelle,  Miss  A.  Clarke,  222  W. 

3rd  St.     Tel.  Main  1374. 
Meat  Markets 
Norma  Market,    M.    T.    Ryan,     1818   S. 

Main  St.     Tel.  West  171. 
Crystal  Market,  Reed  Bros.,  2309  S.  Union 

ave.     Tel.  Blue  3131. 
Model   Market,  R.    A.  Norries,    831    W. 

Sixth  St.  cor  Pearl.     Tel.  979  Main. 
Boston  Cash   Market,  Jos.  Oser,  1156  S. 

Olive  St.     Tel.  West  126. 
Grand    Avenue    Market,    J.    A.    Rydell, 

2218  S.  Grand  ave.     Tel.  White  321 1. 
Philadelphia  Market,  S   S.  Jackson,  3304 

S.  Main  st.     Tel.  White  2063 
Pioneer   Meat  Market,  B.   Rudolph,  514 

Downey  ave.,  East  L-  A.     Tel.  Alta 

208. 
Chicago  Market,  J.    Wollenshlager,  410 

S.  Main  st       Tel.  Main  779. 
Popular    Market,  J.  J.    Everharty,    205 

West  Fourth  st.     Tel.  Red  1289. 
Park  Market,   Chas    Kestner,  329  West 

Fifth  St.     Tel.  Red  925. 
Superior  Market,  J.  G.  Young,   717   W. 

Jefferson  st      Tel.  West  50. 
Eureka  Market,  Jay  W.  Hyland,  cor.  7th 

st   and  Union  ave.      Tel.  Main  1467. 
Oregon  Market,   Geo.  N.    Briggs,  prop.» 

525  W.  Sixth  st.     Tel.  Red  2032. 


Land  of  Sunshine  Commercial  Blue  Book,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Merchant  Tailors 

H.  A.  Getz,  229  W.  Third  st. 

O  C.  Sens,  219  W  Second  St.,  opp.  Hol- 

lenbeck  Hotel. 
Benhard  Gordan,  104  S.  Spring  st.     Tel. 

Green  1692. 
Brauer  &  Krohn,  114>4  S.  Main  st. 
A.  J.  Partridge,    125   W.   First  st.     Tel. 

Green  13 
M.  C.  Meiklejohn,  203  S.  Main  st.  Branch 

E  St.,  San  Bernardino. 

Men'g  Furnisbing  Goods,  Notions,  Fancy 
Goods,  etc. 

Cheapside  Bazaar,  F.  E.  Verge,  2440  S. 
Main  st. 

Mexican  Hand-Carved  Lieather  Goods 

H.  Ross  &  Sons,  352  S.  Broadway,  P.  O. 
box  902. 

Mineral  Baths. 

Los  Angeles  Mineral  Baths  and  Springs, 
A.  Puissegur,  Prop.,  cor.  Macy  and 
Lyon  sts.,  and  851  Howard  st. 
Modiste 

Miss  H.  M.  Goodwin,  Muskegon  Block, 
cor.  Broadway  and  Third  st. 
Monumental  Dealers 

Lane  Bros.,  631  S.  Spring  St.,  Los  Ange- 
les, and  41 1  McAlister  st.,  San  Fran- 
cisco. 

Nurserymen  and  Florists 

Los  Angeles  Nursery.     Sales  depot  446 
S.  Main  st.     P.  O.  box  549.  (Special- 
ties, plant  and  cacti  souvenirs.) 

Ethel  Lord.  City  depot  440  S.  Broad- 
way. Nursery  corner  Philleo  and 
Marathon  sts. 

Elmo  R.  Meserve.  Salesyard  635  S. 
Broadway.  Tel.  White  3226.  Nur- 
sery 2228  Sutter  st. 

Opticians 

Adolph  Frese,  126  S.  Spring  st. 

Boston  Optical  Co.,  Kyte  &  Granicher, 
235  S  Spring  st. 

Fred  Detmers,  354  S.  Broadway. 
Osteopathy 

Pacific  School  of  Osteopathy  and  Infirm- 
ary, C.  A.  Bailey,  Pres.,  Tenth  and 
Flower  sts.     Tel.  West  55. 
Paints,  Oils  and  Glass 

Scriver  &   Quinn,    200-202   S.    Main  st. 

Tel.  565. 
P.  H.  Mathews,  238-240  S.  Main  st.    Tel. 

1025. 

Pianos,  Sheet  Music  and  Musical 
Merchandise 

Southern  California  Music  Co.,  216-218 
W.  Third  st.     Tel.  585. 

Fitzgerald  Music  &  Piano  Co.,  113  S. 
Spring  St.     Tel.  Main  1 159. 

Williamson  Bros.,  327  S  Spring  st.  Tel. 
1315  Brown. 

Geo.  T.  Exton,  327  S.  Spring  st.  Tel. 
1315  Brown.  (Agent  for  Regal  Man- 
dolins and  Guitars. )  ^  " 


Pawn  Brokers 

L.  B.  Cohn,  120-122  North  Spring  st. 

Photographers 
Townsend's,  340>4  S.  Broadway. 
Photographic  Material,  Kodaks,  etc. 

Dewey  Bros.,  109  W.  Second  st.  Tel. 
Green  1784. 

Picture  Frames,  Artists'  Materials,  Sou- 
venirs 

Sanborn,  Vail  &  Co.,  133  S.  Spring  st. 
Ita  Williams,  354  S.   Broadway  and    311 
S-  Main  st. 

Pleating— Accordion  and  Knife 
Tucking,  Cording,  Pinking  and  Braiding 

Mrs.  T.  M.  Clark,  340^^  S.  Hill  st. 

Printing,  Engraving,  Binding 

Kingsley-Barnes  &  Neuner  Co.,  123  S. 
Broadway.     Tel.  Main  417. 

Restaurants 

Ebinger's  Dining  Parlors,  cor.  Spring 
and  Third  sts.     Tel.  610. 

Saddlerock  Fish  and  Oyster  Parlors,  236 
S.  Spring  st.  (Private  diniug  par- 
lors.) 

Maison  Doree  (French  Restaurant),  145- 
147  N.  Main  st.     Tel.  Main  1573. 

Seymour  Dining  Parlors,  318  West  Sec- 
ond St. 

The  Rival  Lunch  Counter  and  Restaur- 
ant, 115  W.  Second  St. 
Rubber  Stamps,  Stencils  and  Seals 

Los  Angeles  Rubber  Stamp  Co.,  224  W. 
First  St.     Tel.  Green  1945. 

Ruberoid  Roofing  and  P.  &  B.  Roof 
Paints. 

Parafine  Paint  Co.,  312-314  W.  Fifth  st. 

Safe  Dealers. 
The  Moser  Safe  Co.,  J.  H.  Hart,  Agt.,  338 
N.  Main  st.     Tel.  Main  1347. 
Sanitariums 
Electric   Vitapathic    Institute,    534>^    S. 
Broadway,    D.    L-    Allen,    Mgr.,  Dr. 
F.    W.     Bassett,    Medical    Director. 
Tel.  Main  1363. 

Seeds  and  Agricultural  Implements 

Johnson  &  Musser  Seed  Co.,  1 13  N.  Main 
St.     Tel.  Main  176. 

Sewing  Machines  and  Bicycles 

Williamson  Bros.,  327  S.  Spring  st.  Tel. 
Brown  1315. 

Shirt  and  Shirt  Waist  Makers 

Machin  Shirt  Co.,  11 8>^  S.  Spring  st. 
Bumiller    &   Marsh,    123   S.    Spring  st. 
Tel.  Main  547. 

Sign  Writers  and  Painters 

S.  Bros.-Schroeder  Bros.,  121  E.  Second 

St.     Tel.  Main  561. 
Louis  Gaubatz,  234  E.  Second  st. 

Soda  Works  and  Beer  Bottlers 

Los  Angeles  Soda  Works  (H.  W.  Stoll  & 
Co.),  509  Commercial  st.     Tel.  Main 


Land  of  Sunshine  Commercial  Blue  Bool^,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Shoe  Stores 

W.  E.  Cummings,  Fourth  and  Broadway. 
Innes-Crippen   Shoe-  Co.,    258  S.  Broad- 
way and  231  W.  Third  st. 
Waterman's  Shoe  Store,  122  S  Spring  st. 
F.  K.  Verge,  2440  S.  Main  st. 

Sporting  Goods  and  Bicycles 
L.  A.  Cycle  &  Sporting  Goods  Co.,  319 
S.  Main  st. 

stenographers 
Mrs.  E.  ly.  Widney,  403  Bradbury  Bldg. 

stucco  Worlt 
Gusta  Zierold,  629  S.  Main  st. 

Surgical    Instruments,    Trusses, 
Hosiery- 


Elastic 


W.  W.  Sweeney,  213  W.  Fourth  St.    Tel. 
Green  1312. 

Taxidermist  and  ::^aturalist 
Wm.  F.  Winkler,  346  S.  Broadway. 

Teas,  Coffees  and  Spices 
Sunset  Tea  &  Coffee  Co.,  229  W.  Fourth 

St.     Tel.  Main  1214. 
J.  D.  Lee  &  Co.,  130  W.  Fifth  st. 

Tents,  Awnings,  Hammocks,    Camp 
Furniture,  etc. 

Los  Angeles  Tent  &  Awning  Co.,  A.  W. 

Swanfeldt,    prop.,  220    S.    Main  st. 

Tel.  Main  1 1 60. 
J.  H.  Masters,  136  S.  Main  st.     Tel.  Main 

1512. 

Trunk  Manufacturers,  Traveling 
Cases,  etc. 

D.  D.  Whitney,  423  S     Spring  st, 
Main  203. 


Transfer  Co. 

(See  Van  and  Storage  Co's.) ' 
Undertakers 
Breese  Bros,.  557-559  S.  Broadway. 


Tel 


Main  243. 

C.  D.  Howery,  509-511  S.  Broadway.  Of- 
fice Tel.  107  ;  Res.  Tel.  541. 

Peck  &  Chase  Co.,  433-435  S.  Hill  st. 
Tel.  61. 

Upholstering,   Polishing,  Cabinet  "Work 

Broadway  Furniture  &  Upholstering  Co., 
521  S.  Broadway. 

Van  and  Storage  Companies 

Bekins  Van  and  Storage  Co.  Office  436 
S.  Spring  st.;  Tel.  Main  19.  Ware- 
house, Fourth  and  Alameda  sts.;  Tel. 
Black  1221. 

"Wall  Paper,  Room  Moulding,  Decorating 

Los  Angeles  Wall  Paper  Co. ,  309  S.  Main 

St.     Tel.  Green  314. 
New  York  Wall  Paper  Co.,  452  S.  Spring 

St.     Tel.  Main  207. 

"Warehouse 

(See  Van  and  Storage  Co's.) 

Wood  Mantels,  Tiles,  Grates,  Etc. 

Chas    E.   Marshall,   514   S.    Spring    st. 

Tel.  Brown  1821. 
TVood  Turning,  Grill  and  Cabinet  Work. 

The  Art  Mill  Co.,  649  S.  Spring  st.     Tel. 

Green  1638. 
Wood  Turning,  Scroll   and  Band  Sawing 

Tel.       A.J.  Koll,  335-337  E.  Second  st.      Tel. 

1242. 


A  Unique  Library. 

The  bound  volumes  of  the  Land  of  Sunshink  make  the  most  interesting  and 
valuable  library  of  the  far  West  ever  printed.  The  illustrations  are  lavish  and  hand- 
some, the  text  is  of  a  high  literary  standard,  and  of  recognized  authority  in  its  field. 
There  is  nothing  else  like  this  magazine.  Among  the  thousands  of  publications  in 
the  United  States,  it  is  wholly  unique.  Every  educated  Californian  and  Westerner 
should  have  these  charming  volumes.  They  will  not  long  be  secured  at  the  present 
rates,  for  back  numbers  are  growing  more  and  more  scarce  ;  in  fact  the  June  num- 
ber, 1894,  is  already  out  of  the  market. 

Vols.  1  and  2— July  '94  to  May  '95,  inc.,  gen.  half  morocco,  $3.90,  plain  leather,  |3.30 
•*     3  and  4— June '95  to  May '96,     "         "       "  "  -"      " 

"  5  and  6— June '96  to  May '97,  **  "  " 
'•  7  and  8— June '97  to  May '98,  "  "  " 
**     9  and  10— June '98,  to  May '99  "         "       " 

Thk  Land  of  Sunshine  Pubwshing  Co  , 

501  Stimson  Building,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


2.85,     •' 

(( 

2  25 

3.60,     •♦ 

" 

3.00 

2.85,     " 

" 

2.25 

2.70,     •• 

(t 

2.10 

F.  B.  8ilverwoo<l*s  l>est  Hats  are  $3;  regular  $5  qualities. 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  I«AifD  of  Sunshine.' 


OLDKST  AND  LAROBST  BANK   IN  80CTHERN 
CALIFORNIA. 

Farmers  and  Merchants  Bank 

OF  LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 

Capital  (paid  up)      -       -      $,00,000.00 
Surplus  and  Reserve  -    925,000.00 

Total       -       -  11,425,000.00 

OFFICBRS  : 

I.  W.  Hellman President 

H.  W.  Hellman Vice-President 

Henry  J.  Fleishman Cashier 

G.  A.  J.  Hbimann Assistant  Cashier 

dirkctors : 
W.  H.  Perry,  C.  E.  Thom,  J.  F.  Francis 
O.W.Childs,  I. W. Hellman, Jr.,  I.  N.  VanNuys 
A.  Glassbll,  H.  W.  Hellman,  I.  W.  Hbllman 
Special  Collection  Department.  Correspond 
ence  Invited.    Safety  Deposit  Boxes  for  rent. 


W.  C.  Patterson. President 

W.  GiLLBLEN Vice-President 

W.  D.  Wool  wine Cashier 

E.  W.  CoE Asst.  Cashier 


CoR,  First  and  Spring  Sts. 

Capital $500,000 

Surplus  and  Undivided  Profits 60,000 

This  bank  has  the  best  location  of  any  bank  in 
I^os  Angeles  It  has  the  largest  capital  of  any 
National  Bank  in  Southern  California,  and  is  the 
only  United  States  Depositary  in  Southern  Cali- 
fornia. 


First  National  Bank 

OF  I«OS  ANOKIiKS. 

Largest  National  Bank  in  Southern 
California. 

Capital  Stock $400,000 

Surplus  and  Undivided  Profits  over      260,000 

J.  M.  Elliott,  Prest.,  W.G.  Kerckhoff,  V.Pres. 

Frank  A.  Gibson,  Cashier. 

W.  T.  S.  Hammond,  Assistant  Cashier. 


directors: 


J.  M.  Elliott, 
J.  D.  Bicknell. 


J.  D.  Hooker, 
W.  G.  Kerckhoff, 


F.  Q.  Story, 
H.  Jevne, 
J.  C.  Drake. 
All  Departments  ol  a  Modem  Banking  Business 
Conducted. 


^^^r-cj^j—^yr-rgj- 


^^% 


CORNER   MAIN  AND  SECOND  STREETS 


Officers  and  Directors. 

H.  W.  Hellman,  J.   A.  Graves,   M.   L. 
Fleming,  F.  O.  Johnson,  H.  J.  Fleishman, 
J.    H.    Shankland,   C    A.    Shaw,    W.    I..     <S 
Graves.  J 

J.  F.  Sartori,  President  <g 

Maurice  S.  Hellman,  Vice-Pres. 

W.  D.  I^ONGYBAR,  Cashier      A 
Interest  Paid  on  Ordinary  and  Term  Deposits     ] 


^^" 


SS,\\W«\\\y^. 


«\i,,'^'»'»^,'^ ■«&««:  •a*^'W;^.^»^,'e*^s*'»^«%^^^^ 


/ 


^Cp^S"\  Investors...  i 

4  You  can  find  nothing  better.  $ 

g  Our  6  per  cent.  "Coupon  Bonds"  tP 

2  and  7  per  cent.  "  Paid-up  Income  Stock"  are  dt 

2  Safe,  Profitable,  Standard  Investments.  P 

'*  Safe  as  Government  Bonds."  $ 

The  Coupon  Bonds  run  for  five  years  on  a  6  per  cent  ^ 
basis.    The  coupons  are  payable  six  months  apart.  ^ 

The  Paid-up  Income  Stock  runs  for  one  or  three  years  ^ 
on  a  basis  of  7  per  cent.  dt 

The  above  investments  are  secured  by  „ 

First  Mortgage  (held  in  escro^/  by  trustee).    Fire  Insurance  (upon  improvements),        w 
Life  Insurance  (upon  the  borrower's  life).  ^ 

The  Protective  Savings  Mutual  Building  and  Loan  Association  $ 

N.  W.  cor.  First  and  Broadway,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.  i 

Title  Insurance  and  Trust  Co.,  Trustee.  ^ 


Pedigreed  Belgian  Hares 


n 


A  profitable  and  pleasurable  business  and  one  easily  conducted  by  old  or 
young  is  assured  by  the  Belgian  Hare.  A  ready  market  can  always  be  found 
among  those  desirous  of  establishing  choice  herds,  while  its  flesh  is  in 
great  demand.  A  trio  of  Belgian  Hares  is  as  good  as  a  gold  mine,  and  the 
investment  multiplies  itself  faster  than  a  like  amount  invested  in  any  other 
.    way.     Call  on  or  write  to 

I  F.   A.   SCHNELL,   424  N.  beaudry  Ave.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.  I 
F.  B.  Silverwood  carries  the  largest  stock  of  Neckwear  in  Los  Angeles. 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Land  of  Shnshink. 


LmEn'cnllars  B  Cuffs  »//>^^- 

SACHS    BROS  &  CO. 
San    Franplsco    Coast   Agents 

HUNTER  &  CAMFIEID 

I 


112 


General  Business  Agents 
Kxchanges 


REAL    ESTATE 

INSURANCE 
SOUTH  AND   LOANS 

BROADWAY 

I,OS  ANGELES,  CaL 

Telephone  31 


"  An  Olive  Orchard  is  a  Gold  Mine  on  the  face  of 
the  earth." — Italian  Proverb. 

A  20- ACRE  OI.IVE  GROVE  in  our  "Si- 
erra Madre"  Fruit  Colonies  in  Southern  Califor- 
nia assures  health,  happines.s  and  a  large  annual 
income  for  centuries. 

We  sell,  plant  and  bring  the  orchard  into  bear- 
ing: for  you  on  our  easy  payment  plan.    We  have 
railways,  churches,  schools,  a  perfect  "all  the 
year"  climate  and  beautiful  homes. 
No  Pioneering  ;  illustrated  booklet  free. 
ARTHUR  BULI.  &  CO.,  Owners, 

1202  Chamber  of  Commerce,  Chicago. 
Or  Ontario,  Cal. 


You  will  find  plenty  of  originality  on  our 

SHOES 

But  what  is  of  more  importance,  comfort  and 
durability.  The  prettiest  shoe  is  not  always  the 
weakest.  The  makers  have  found  a  way  of 
combining  beauty  and  strength,  and  we  pick  the 
best  of  their  products. 

For  I^adies.  Men  or  Children  we  have  footwear 
to  fit.  Our  readies'  and  Men's  $3  00  shoes  are 
the  best. 

BLANEY'S 

352  South  Spring,  near  Gor.  Fourth  St. 


We  Sell  the  Earth-- 


BASSETT  &  SMITH 

We  deal  in  all  kinds  of  Real  Estate. 
Orchard  and  Resident  Property. 
Write  for  descriptive  pamphlet. 

Y.  M.  C.  A.  BUILDING 
LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 


PRESS  or 


123 

SBroadmay 

losilnqeles, 

Cal. 


I)pintit\^^    i^lnGll^j 
JUn|pavl^| 


Telepmone 

Main  4  l  7 


PRINTCRvS  ^?   BlNDCf^.5  TO  THE 

Land  op  5un^mine 


F.  B.  Silverwood's  best  Hats  are  $3;  regular  $5  qualities. 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "saw  it  in  the  Land  of  Sunshine.' 


ALL  EFFORTS 

TO  EQUAL THE 

^emuigW 

Standard  Typcwrif^ 

(i|^YCKOFF,SEAMANS  6f  BE|MEDICT^-^B^^^^ 

147   South   Broadway,   Los    Angeles,   Cal. 
211   riontgomery   St.,   San    Francisco. 


REDLANDS— 


^^^  Ranches,  Residences  and  all 
kinds  of  Real  £state  in  Redlands  at  reasonable 
rates.  See  Redlands  before  buying.  Call  upon 
or  address  JOHN  P.  FISK, 

Rooms  I  and  2  Union  Bank  Block. 

Redlanda»  Cal. 


TYPEWRITERS.... 

Sold  on  monthly  payments.  Shipped  any- 
where, C.  O.  D.,  with  privilege  of  examina- 
tion. All  kinds  of  Typewriting  Machines 
Bought,  Sold,  Rented  and  Exchanged.  Rib- 
bons, Carbon,  Stationery. 

Typewriter  Exchange,  319  TTilcox  Bldg, 

Tel .  Black  1608 .  I,os  Angel  es ,  Cal . 


Concert  Pbonograpb 

Mr.  Edison  has  perfected  the  Phonograph. 
This  is  the  instrument. 


It  perfectly  reproduces  the  human  voice 
—JUST  AS  I^OUD— just  as  clear— just  as 
sweet. 

It  duplicates  instrumental  music  with 
pure-toned  brilliance  and  satisfying  in- 
tensity. Used  with  Edison  Concert  Re- 
cords, its  reproduction  is  free  from  all 
mechanical  noises.  Only  the  music  or  the 
voice  is  heard.  It  is  strong  and  vibrant 
enough  to  fill  the  largest  auditorium.  It 
is  smooth  and  broad  enough  for  the  parlor. 

The  highest  type  of  talking  machine 
ever  before  produced  bearsnocomparison. 
with  the  Edison  Concert  Pbooograph. 
The  price  is  *125.  Full  particulars  can 
be  obtained  from  all  dealers  in  Phono- 
graphs, or  by  addressing  The  National 
PHONOGRApiH  Co.,  New  York,  asking  for 
Concert  Catalogue  No.  109. 

Six  other  styles  of  Phonographs,  in- 
cluding the  Edison  Gem,  price  ^7.50. 
PETER  BACIGALUPI,  933  Market  St., 
San  Fraccisco,  Cal.,  Pacific  Coast 
Agency  for  National  Phonograph  Co., 
New  York. 

NONE   GENUINE    WITHOUT   THIS 


i^ovu. 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "saw  it  in  the  I<and  of  Sukshikb.' 

Life 
Income  Investments. 

BEARING 

CALIFORNIA  ALMOND 

ORCHARDS 


In  the  South  Antelope  Valley,  the  Greatest  Almond 
District  in  the  World,  on  the 

Insurance  ^Annuity  Plan 

Safest  and  Most  Remunerative  Proposition  Ever  Devised.    Cash  or  Time 

Payments.     No  Interest.    Perpetual  Income  Assured  to  Investor 

if  He  Lives,  to  His  Family  if  He  Dies. 

DEATH    OF   INVESTOR 

Cancels  all  unmatured  payments,  beneficiary  secures  bearing  five-year-old  almond  orchard  and 
income  from  same  fiee  and  clear,  also  $250.00  to  $1,200.00  a  year  in  cash,  and  $1,000.00  to  $5,000.00 
residence  erected  on  the  property,  or  one-half  the  cost  of  residence  in  cash.  Death  of  investor  with- 
out other  estate  or  insurance  leaves  beneficiary  amply  provided  for  for  life.  Property  deeded  in  trust 
at  the  outset  to  the 

STATE    BANK    AND    TRUST    COMPANY 

Of  L.08  Angeles,    Paid-up  Capital  9500,000.00 

Cash  Benefits  Guaranteed  by  the  TRAVELERS  INSURANCE  CO. 

Of  Hartford,  Conn.,  and  other  old  line  companies. 

TWO   PLANS. 

Sale  of  Individual  Orchards.    Sale  of  Undivided   Interest  in   the  American 
Almond  Grower's  Association, 

Requiring  no  personal  attention  now  or  in  the  future.    Will  pay  60  per  cent  net  profit 
per  annum,  based  upon  the  last 

United  States  Census  Report  as  reproduced  herewith 


Nuts  and 
Citrus  Fruit 

Acre- 
age 

Yield 
per 
Acre 

Total 
Yield 

SelUng 
Price 

Value 

Yield 
per 
Acre 

Land 
Value 
(b)  (c) 

Almond 

Fig  (a) 

6,098.00 
1,274.00 
3,834.00 
3,237.00 
13.096  50 

pounds 
2,501 

8,784 

3,600 

2,984 
boxes 

95 

pounds 
15,251,078 

11,190,816 

13,802,400 

9,669,208 
boxes 
1,245,047 

per  lb. 
0.1000 

0.0233 

0.0900 

0.0400 
per  box 

1.8200 

1,525,109.80 
298.421  76 

1,242,216.00 
386,368.32 

2,271,616.30 

250.00 
204.66 
324.00 
119.36 
172.90 

95.00 
110.60 

Madeira  Nut.... 

Olive 

Orange 

111  43 
55.83 
186  00 

112  page  illustrated  book,  rate  tables  on  2%  to  80  acres  from  age  25  to  65,  association  plan  where 
$1.25  a  month  will  receive  same  proportionate  profit  as  larger  investtnents,  free  on  application. 

Alpine  Springs  Land  and  Water  Company 

1115  Stock  Exchange  Building,  220  Henne  Building, 

108  LiaSalle  Street,  Chicago.  3d  St.  near  Spring,  lios  Angeles. 

Lands,  Orchards  and  Town  Sites  at 
Tierra  Bonita,  Palmdale  and  Little  Rock,  Los  Angeles  Co.,  California. 


tlummel  Bros.  &  Co.,  Emplovment  Agents,  300  W.  Second  St    Tel.  Main  509 


Bear  Valley  Resort 


Lies  twenty-four  miles  from  Redlands,  out 
of  sight  and  hearing  of  the  usual  haunts 
of  men,  among  the  peaks  of  the  Sierra 
Madre,  6,000  feet  above  the  sea. 

It  is  an  ideal  place  for  families,  over- 
worked business  men,  or  the  lovers  of  rod 
and  gun. 

HOW  TO  CJET  THERE:  Stage  leaves  Redlands  for  Bear  Valley  at  5  a.m. 
each  Tuesday,  Thursday  and  Saturday.  Returning  from  Bear  Valley,  the  stage  leave':* 
each  Morday,  Wednesday  and  Friday,  reaching  Redlands  in  time  to  connect  with 
the  afternoon  Santa  F6  train  for  Los  Angeles. 

ACCOMMODATIONS:  At  Gus  Knight's  Resort,  Bear  Valley,  consist  of  fur- 
nished .single  and  double  new  log  cabins  and  hotel  apartments,  or  tenting  privileges  ; 
a  music  hall,  store,  postofiice,  bath  house  with  hot  and  cold  water,  and  first-class  dining 
room  service,  with  fresh  meat,  game,  fish,  milk,  cream  and  butter,  and  all  the  veg- 
etables and  fruits  of  the  season.  Provisions  are  also  sold  to  campers,  and  saddle 
horses,  vehicles,  guns,  rods  and  tackle  rented.  The  resort  is  provided  with  one  of  the 
best  golf  links  in  Southern  California  and  other  outdoor  amusements. 

KATES  :  Round  trip  tickets  can  be  purchased  for  $5  00,  or  one  way  for  $3  00,  at 
132  S  Spring  st.,  Los  Angeles,  or  from  the  Santa  F6  ticket  agent  at  Pasadena  or  Red- 
lands.  Toll  for  private  conveyances  is  more  reasonable  than  on  any  similar  mountain 
road.  Board  and  lodging  at  Gus  Knight's  Resort  is  $2.00  a  day  or  $10.00  a  week.  Ex- 
cursion ticket,  good  for  round  trip  from  Mentone  and  one  week's  board,  is  $13.00. 

Address.  GUS  KNIGHT,  Jr., 

Pine  Lake  P.  O.  Bear  Valley,  California. 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Land  op  Sukshike." 

S^5^  M2HIS2    THE  GEM 

CONCERT  EVERY  SUNDAY  BY 

THE    CELEBRATED   LOS  ANGELES 


MILITARY  BAND  ^  ^  ^ 


Good  Bathing,  Fishing,  Eating,  Walking  ;  in  fact,  everything 
to  make  a  pleasant  day. 

SEATS    FOR    EVERYONE 


CONVENIENT  DEPOTS 
QUICK  TIME 


Via  Southern  Pacific 


Trains  leave  Arcade  Depot  daily  9.00  a  m..  1.35  p.m.,  5.15  p.m.  Sundays  from  8.00  a.m.  every 
hour  until  2.00  p.  m.,  also  8.35  a.  m.,  5.15  p.  m.,  G.30  p.  m  ,  7.15  p.  m.,  7.45  p.  m  All  trains  leave  River 
alation  15  minutes  earlier,  stopping  at  Naud  Junction,  Commercial  and  First  Streets. 

Take  "Judge's"   Flyer  at  8.35  a.  m. 

Makes  run  in  22  minutes. 
I,ast  train  returning  leaves  Santa  Monicr  9.35  p  m.         City  Ticket  OflSce.  261  South  Spring  St 


We  Manufacture  all  kinds  of 


RUBBER  GOODS 


When  you  purchase  and  want 

The  Best  Rubber  Hose 


See  that  Our  Name   is   on   every   length. 
FOB  SA1.£  BY  Alil.  DKAI.EBS. 


GOODYEAR  RUBBER  COMPANY 

673,  675,  677,  679   MARKET  STREET 

B.  H.  PEASE,  Vice-Pres.   and  Manager. 

SAN  FBANCISCO. 


m  BAIHi 


AT 


Is  superior  to  any  on  the 
Pacific  Coast.  This  ideal 
resort  is  superb  in  all  its 
appointments,  and  is 
'$^\-'       reached  only  by  the 

LOnNmtnERfllNAl 
RAIIM 
me  Picioresque  line  —  cataunii,  long  beach, 

ALAMIIOS  BEAim  AND  SAN  PEDRO 

All  delightful  Ocean  Resorts  within  a  short  ride 
of  Los  Angeles. 

EXCURSION    RATES   EVERY    DAY 

For  detailed  information  call  on  Terminal  Agent 

S.  B.  Hynes,  Gen'l  Manager. 
T.  C.  Peck,  Gen'l  Pass.  Agent. 


Hummei  Bros.  &  Co.,  Largest  Employment  Agency.    300  W.  Second  St.     Tel.  Main  509 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  I,ahd  of  Sunshiitb. 


Always 
Cool 


The  route  of  the  Burllngtoa 
Excursions  —  through  Salt 
lyake  City  and  Denver  —  is 
the  ideal  summer  route  to 
the  East.  It  is  always  cool. 
The  scenery  is  indescrib- 
ably beautiful.  For  hun- 
dreds of  miles  you  ride 
through  the  Wonderland  of 
the  World  —  past  canons, 
mountains,  rivers,  water- 
falls  and    landscapes    gay 

ith  flowers. 

The  Burlington  Excur- 
sions leave  Los  Angeles 
every  Wednesday;  Sau  Fran- 
cisco every  Thursday.  No 
change,  California  to  St.  Louis 
and  Chicago.  Only  one  change 
to  Boston.  Experienced  excur- 
Bion  manager  in  charge  from 
coa,st  to  coast. 

Write  for  descriptive  folder. 


W.  W.  ELLIOTT,  Los  Angeles 


GetRich 


Fortunes  in  STOCKJS. 
Shares  S$1.00  a  month. 
Safe  an  a  Bank.  Send  4c 
I  for  Gu  Ida.  A.  H.  >v  i  LCOX  &  CO. 
529  Broadway,  New  York. 


ACME 


BICYCLED 


Direct  from  the  factory  to  the  rider 
at  WHOLESALE  PRICES. 

WE  HAVE  NO  AGENTS. 


If  you  want  to  save   agent's  profits 
and  secure  a  High  Grade  Bicycle  at 

MANUFACTURER'S   PRICE, 

write  for  catalogue  showing  eight 
beautiful  models  with  complete  spec- 
ifications. GUARANTEE:  REPAIRS 
FREE  AND  NO  QUESTIONS  ASKED. 


Acme  Cycle  Co.,        Ell<hart,  lad. 


Leave  Los  Angeles  every  Tuesday  via  the  Denver 
&  Rio  Grande"  Scenic  Line,"  and  by  the  popular 
Southern  Route  every  Wednesday,  Low  rates  ; 
quick  time  ;  competent  managers  ;  Pullman  up- 
holstered cars  ;  union  depot,  Chicago.  Our  rars 
are  attached  to  the  "Boston  and  New  York 
Special,"  via  Lake  Shore,  New  York  Central  and 
Boston  &  Albany  Railways,  arriving  Boston  8:00 
p.  m.,  New  York  1  p.  m. 
For  maps,  rates,  etc..  call  on  or  address. 

F.  W.  THOMPSON,  Gen.  Ag't. 
214  S.  Spring  St.  Los  Angeles. 

Personally  Conducted 

REDONDO  BY  THE  SEA 

17  Miles  from  Tios  Angeles 

Redondo  Railway  Time  Table 

In  eflfect  June  4,  1899 
Leave  Los  Angeles  Leave  Redondo 

9:30  a.m daily 8:00  a.m. 

1:30  p.m daily 11:00  a.m. 

5:80  p.m daily 4:15  p.m. 

11:30  p.m Saturday  only 6:30  p.m. 

8:10  am Sundays 7:00  a  m. 

9:30  a.m Sundays 8:00  a.m. 

10:45  a.m Sundays 9:30  a.m. 

1:30  a.m Sundays 11:00  a  m, 

5:30  a.m Sundays 4:15  a.m. 

7:00  p.m ..Sundays 5:45  p.m. 

L.  J.  PBRRT  Snp«rintendent,  Grand    Are.    and   Jefferson   St 
City  office,  246  S  Spring  St.  Telephone  West  1. 


0 


CEANIC  S.  S.  CO.— nONOLULl 
APIA,  AlCKLAND  and  SYDNEY 


HONOLULU 


SAMOA,TAHiTi.  /Oceanic Steamships 


NEW  ZEALAND, 
AUSTRALIA. 


(SPRCCKtlA    LlNC) 

(My  StcaiHirlinetDltHWiinderluiilstfac  hdRc 

T^  StJUTH  Sea  Islands. 

SPECIAL  RATES 

fOB  INaUSIVt  TRIPS  TAKIM*  IN 
,  SAMOA. FUl.TAMtn.  £TC. 


"  Send  10  cents  postage  foi 
"  Trip  to  If  await,"  with  fine 
photographic  illustrations. 
20  cents  for  new  edition  of 

same,  with  beautiful  colored  plate  illustrations  ; 

20  cents  postage  for  "  Talo/a,  Summer  Sail  to 

South  Seas,"  also  in  colors,  to  Ocbanic  S.  S.  Co., 

114  Montgomery  St.,  San  Francisco. 

Steamers  sail  to  Honolulu  twice  a 
month,  to  Samoa,  New  Zealand  and 
Sydney,  via  Honolulu,  every  28  days. 

J.  D.  SPRECKELS  BROS.  CO., 

114  Montgomery  Street,  San  Francisco. 

HUGH  B.  BICE,  Agent, 

330  S.  Spring  St.,  I^os  Angeles,  Cal. 


Underwear  a  Specialty  at  Silverwoods. 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Land  of  Sunshink. 


Santa  Monica ^    i 

Where  coolest  breezes  blow  -^  *"%      »^ 

on  warmest  days  ^i 

%. 
combines  the  attractions  of  the  seashore  with  /^ 

proximity  and  frequent  electric  and  steam 
railway  facilities  to  the  metropolis  of  South- 
ern California. 

Its  Modern  Tourist  Hotel 
the  Arcadia  offers 


■f 


/  ^  tr 


t 


Gls^ 


- ^MW^ 

marine    and    mountain    views   and   adjacent 

drives,  hunting,  boating,  fishing  wharf,  warm  ^"■'^  ^''^^'''^  **»«  y^*""  '"""^ 

salt  water  plunge,  broad  walk  along  the  surf,  and  the  longest  wharf  in    *^ 

the  world,  and  other  attractions  unsurpassed. 

For  convenient  and  enjoyable  headquarters  from  which  to  visit  all 
points  of  interest,  go  to 

The  Arcadia  Hotel 

Santa  Monica,  Cal.  FRANK  A.  MILLER,  Prop. 


TROLLY    PARTIES 
A    SPECIALTY 


EVERYBODY  GOES 

^^^TO  SANTA  MONICA 
Via  Los  Angeles  Pacific  Electric  Ry. 

It  provides  one  of  the  most  modem  equipments  and  the 
coolest  and  most  scenic  route  in  Southern  California. 

For  Santa  Monica:  Cars  leave  Fourth  and  Broadwav,  Los  Angeles,  via  Hill  and 
16th  streets,  every  half  hour  from  *6:30  a.  m.  to  7:30  p.  m.,  and  hourly  to  11:30  p.  m. 

Via  Bellevue  Ave.,  Colegrove  and  Sherman,  every  hour  from  *6:15  a.  m.  to  11:15  p.  m. 
4:45  p.  m.,  5:45  p.  m.  and  11:45  p.  m.  to  Sherman  only.    Cars  leave  Plaza  lo  minutes  later. 

For  I.08  Angeles  :  Cars  leave  Hill  Street,  Santa  Monica,  at  *5:50,  *6:10,  *6:40  a.  m., 
and  every  half  hour  from  7:10  a.m.  to  7:40  p.  m.,  and  hourly  thereafter  to  10:40  p.  m. 
Sundays,  every  half  hour  from  7:10  a.  m.  to  7.40  p.  m.,  and  hourly  to  10:40  p.  m.  Leave 
band  stand,  Ocean  Ave.,  5  minutes  later. 

Cars  leave  Hill  Street,  South  Santa  Monica,  40  minutes  after  each  hour  from  6:40  a.  m. 
to  9:40  p.  m.    Connect  at  Morocco  cars  via  Sherman  and  Colegrove. 

*Hxcept  Sundays.     Offices,  Chamber  of  Commerce  BIdg.,  4th  and  Broadway,  Los  Angeles 


For  =  =  =  Horton  House 

A  home-like  place  «w.^~vx^05     r^  r^» 

A  cool  retreat  ^V^^^    3&tl    UiegO 


A  pleasant  room 
Good  things  to  eat 


Cal. 


Our  Hotel  Rates  cannot  be  beat  W.  E.  HADLEY 

Proprieto 

F.  B.  Silverwood  carries  the  largest  stock  of  Neckwear  in  Los  Angeles. 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "saw  it  in  the  Land  of  Sunshinb.' 


Santa  Fe 
Route 


Grand  Canon  of  Arizona 

Two  Hundred  Miles  Long,  Over  a  Mile  Deep,  and 
Painted  Like  a  Flower. 

Reached  only  by  the  SANTA  FE  ROUTE 

Stage  Leaves  Flagstaff  Mondays,  Wednesdays  and  Fridays. 
Returning,  Arrives  at  Flagstaff  Tuesdays,  Thursdays  and  Saturdays, 


ALTA  VISTA. 


Copyright,  1898,  by  Oliver  Lippincott. 


SIX-HORSE   STAGES  MAKE  THE  TRIP  IN  TEN   HOURS 

Excursion  Rates 

from  all  points  on  the  Santa  Fe  Route 
JNO.  J.   BYRNE,  General  Passenger  Agent,  Los  Angeles 


When  answering-  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Land  of  Sunshine." 


i8km 


Anita  Cream  makes  a  dark 
skin  lighter,  clearer,  purer.  It 
removes  all  discolorations.  It  is 
a  medical  preparation  which  cures, 
it  actually  coaxes  a  new  skin  to  the 
surface.  The  removing  of  tan  is 
the  least  important  of  its  accom- 
plishments. It  removes  blotches, 
pimples,  moth  and  liver  patches, 
and  restores  the  clear,  transparent 
beauty  of  youth. 


ANITA  CREAM  CO.,  "VAN  NUYS." 

Los  Angeles,  Cal.  September  nineteenth. 

Gentlemen  :  During  my  recent  trip  from  New  York  to  Los  Angelej 
the  dust,  wind  and  exposure  so  tanned  my  face  and  hands  that  upon  ai 
riving  here  I  was  urged  by  my  friends  to  use  Anita  Cream.  In  so  short 
time  it  has  entirely  removed  every  vestage  of  my  long  trip  and  the  resul 
is  most  satisfactory.  Very  truly  yours, 

Los  Angeles,  Cal.  BLANCHE  BATES. 

All  druggists  can  supply  Anita  Cream,  or  you  can  send  50  cents  to  us.     For  10  cents  t 
ly  postage  and  package   we   will  send   a   free  sample   and    a   9x16   lithographic   art  stud 

Pree        suitable  for  framing.     No  printing  on  picture. 
"  J  ANITA  CREAM.  Adv.  Bureau, 

ample  213  Franklin  Street,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


THE  JONES 
UMBRELLA' ROOr 

A  NEW  UNION  TWILLED  5ILK"R00f  "$  l.q 


RE-COVER  YOUR  OWN  UMBRELLA. 

The  Adjustable  "  Roof"  fits  any  frame,  requires 
no  sewing,  and  can  be  put  on  in  a  minute.     You 
can  re-cover  your  own  umbrella  without  the  sligh 
est  trouble  or  moments  delay. 

Take  the  measure  (to  the  fraction  of  an  inch)  oi 
your  old  umbrella;    count  the  number  of  outside 
ribs ;  state  if  the  center  rod  is  steel  or  wood  ;  send  to  us  with  $i.oc 
and  we  will  mail  postpaid,  a  Union  Twilled  Silk  25  or  26  inch  Ad- 
justable *'  Roof"  (27  or  28  inch,  $1.25  ;  29  or  30  inch,  $1.50).    Um- 
brella "Roofs"  all  sizes  and  prices  from  50  cents  to  $8.00  each, 
accordingto  quality.   If  yor.  are  not  absolutely  satisfied  in  every 
particular,  send  the  "roof"  back,  and  we  will  refund  the 
money  at  once,  including  ^tamps  you  have  used  for  post- 
age.   Over  a  quarter  of  a  million  "  Roofs  "  sold. 
Booklet,  "Umbrella  Economy"  with  simple  instruc- 
tions necessary  with  your  order.. 
All  first-class  dealers  sell  Jones  Umbrella  "Roofs." 


'e. 


The  Joncs-MuIIcn  Co..  396-398  Broadway,  New  York. 

Manufacturers  of  the  highest  grades  of  Umbrellas  to  t6e  largest  stores  in  the  world. 


>THE  BIG  BONANZA 
THE  CITY  OF  THE  SAINTS 
MY  BROTHER'S  KEEPER 


vol.    Al,   INO 

Ivavisbly 

Illustrated 


THE  MAGAZINE  OF 

CALirORNIAAH-THEWEST 


WITH  A  SYNDICATE 
OF  WESTERN  WRITERS 


EDITED  BY 

CHAS.f.LUMMIS 

A$$OflArt  EOirOR 

.ORACEELLERYCnANNIKft;, 


>Y«iCMTEO    189*   BY    LAND  OF  SUMSHINE    PU8.CO 


IQA 


%  nENTS  ■^IB  ^^  SUNSHINE  PUBLISHING  CO.  #h  i      A 

■      .     ri.u  INCORPORAT.O  ^  ■«■?;■» 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Land  op  Sunshinb. 


CaliforniaCream  OF  Lemon 

Nature's  Food  for  the  Skin. 


D 


emon,  the  wholelemon,  and  noth- 
ing but  lemon,  is  used  in  mak- 
ing this  wonderful  California 
product. 

cleanser  and  beautifier— better 
than  soap.     No  fats,  no  grease, 
no  alkali.     Makes  the  skin  soft, 
smooth  and  healthy, 
o  you  want  a  clear  and  healthy 
complexion  ?     Use  Cream  of 
Lemon  and  you  have  it. 
t  prevents   and    cures    pimples, 
chapped  hands  and  face,  and  al! 
skin  irritations.     Prevents  and 
removes     tan.     sunburn     and 
freckles.     Restores  faded  com- 
plexions and  banishes  wrinkles. 
Everybody  should  use  Cream  of 
'     Lemon  instead  of  soap.  Cleans- 
ing, refreshing,  invigorating— a 
delight  for  men  after  shaving, 
old  by  all  dealers  in  toilet  soaps  at 
15c.  for  3  oz  tube,  and  25c.  tor  6 
oz.  tube.     If  your  dealer  cannot 
supply  it,  we  will   mail   either 
size  prepaid  to  you  on  receipt 
of  price. 


't^  The  California  Cream  of  Lemon  Co.,  Los  Angeles,  CaL 


''American  Home  Furnishings" 

Is  the  title  of  our  16- page  illustrated  booklet  which  we  want  to  get  into  the 
hands  of  all  in  Southern  California  and  Arizona  who  are  interested  in  the 
beautifying  of  home.  It's  free.  Your  name  and  address  on  a 
postal  card  will  bring  it. 

Niles  Pease  Furniture  Co, 

439-41-43  S.  Spring  St*,  Los  Angeles 


Order  from 
the  "  Big  Store. 


has  for  sale 
the  largest 
collection 


F.H.MAUDE 

OF  PHOTOGRAPHS  of   the   GRAND 
CANON,  INDIANS  and  CALIFORNIA 

IWA  S.  SPRING  ST.     lOS  ANGELES,  CAL 


PAYS 


to  write  for  our  256  page 
book  free.  Tells  how 
men  with  small  capital 
can  make  money  with  a 
MAGIC  I.ANTERN  or  STEREOPTICON. 

MCALLISTER,  MiO.  OpIiGlon,  49  N08SQU  St.,  New  YOfk. 


6EUCUS 
ACETYLENE 
GAS 
GENERATORS 

are  in  hundreds  of  resi- 
dences, business  places, 
chuiches.  halls,  etc  Ac- 
cepted by  the  Board  of 
Fire  Undtrwriters.  We 
are  offering 

Special    inducements 
to  Agents 

and  nserb  who  first  intro- 
dtcethe  Beucus  in  their 
locality.  For  particulars 
address  H.  &  B.,  746  S. 
Main  St.,  Los  Angeles. 


F.  B.  Silverwood's  bent  Uats  are  $3  ;  reg-ular  $5  qualities. 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  It  In  the  I^and  of  Sunshine.' 

In  the  Heart  of  Los  Angeles«£«i^j^«««>i* 


49 

♦J 
« 

49 
49 
49 
49 
49 
49 
49 
49 
49 
49 
49 
49 
49 
49 
49 
49 


The  Hollenbeck,  on  Second 
and  Spring  Sts.,  is  the  most 
centrally  located  of  all  the 
Los  Angeles  Hotels. 

Electric  cars  pass  its  doors 
to  all  points  of  interest. 

It  is  headquarters  for  Tal- 
ly-ho and  Railway  Excur- 
sions, commercial  men  and 
tourists. 

It  is  run  on  both  Amer- 
ican .and  European  plans. 

Has  first-class  Caf6  and 
rooms  with  bath  and  other 
conveniences.  Rates  are 
reasonable,  its 
courteous. 


W^^m^^r^^^L-^^ 


conveniences    ample    and    its    service    orompt    and 


HOLLENBECK  HOTEL 


A.  C.  BILICKE  &  CO. 
Second  and  Spring  Sts. 


Props. 

Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


ar¥¥¥¥¥¥$¥¥¥tF¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥$¥¥¥¥¥^$$¥¥^ 


REAL  COMrORT 


can   be   had  with   one  of  our  Turkish 
Easy  Chairs. 
For  modern  stock,  large  selection  and  low  prices  in 

Furniture,  Carpets,  Mattings,  Rugs,  Curtains,  Etc., 

Call  on  or  write 

Southern  California  furniture  Co., 

312-14  S.  Broadway,  Los  Angeles. 


BOSTON 


DRY 
GOODS 


STORE 


THE  Ji   W.   ROBINSON    COMPANY 

839  and  241  South  Broadway,  lios  Angeles.  Opposite  City  Hall. 

THE  exclusiveness  of  the  Boston  Store  stock  is  manifested 
in  all  of  the  32  departments,  is  an  integral  part  of  the 
largest,  best  appointed,  most  exclusive  dry  goods  store 
in  the  Southwest. 


EXCLUSIVE  STYLES 


\lf' 


E  show  exclusive  styles  in  silks,  dress  goods,  tailor 
suits,  waists,  skirts,  jackets  and  capes.  All  the  latest 
trimmings  and  novelties. 


MAIL    ORDER 
DEPARTMENT 


Agents  for  Butterick  Patterns 

Now  Ready— early  autumn  Septem- 
ber Delineator,  also  September 
fashion  sheets  and  patterns. 


SEND  FOR 
SAMPLES 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Land  of  StTNSHiNB. 


LOS  ANGELES  FURNITURE  CO. 

CARPETS,  RUGS,  CURTAINS 

225-227-229  S.  BROADWAY       Opposite  City  HatI 
LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 


Solid  M  Roii  Top  De$l(,  $22.00 

Hand  polished  antique  oak, 
exactly  like  illustration,  fitted 
with  large  drawers  for  papers, 
receptacles  for  bill  and  letter 
files,  Yale  lock  cash  drawer, 
pigeon  holes,  etc.  Of  course 
we  have  all  kinds  of  desks 
from  $io  to  $150.00,  but  this 
one  at  $22  is  extra  good  for 
the  price.  Flat  top  desks, 
high*  standing  desks,  oflSce 
tables,  office  chairs,  and  file  cabinets.  If  you  need  a  new  piece  of 
office  furniture,  we  are  sure  to  have  just  what  you  are  looking  for. 


|_^..^^ 


Drink.... 

Puritas 
Carbonated 


PUREST 

AND 

BEST 


Waters 

(  In  Siphons— Pints  and  Quarts  ) 


PURITAS,    PURALARIS,    LITHIA,     SELTZER, 
VICHY,    KISSINGEN 

...Puritas  Ginger  Ale... 

Special  and  Extra  Dry 
All  Bottles  and  Corks  Thoroughly  Sterilized 

The  Ice  and  Cold  Storage  Co.  of  losAngeies 

TELEPHONE    MAIN    228 


All  kinds  of  Outing:  Shirts  a-t  Silverwood's. 


The  Land  of  Sunshine 

(incorporated)    capital  stock  $so,ooo. 

The  Magazine  of  California  and  the  West 

EDITED  BY  CHAS.  F.  LUMMIS 

The  Only  Exclusively  Western  Magazine 

AMONG     THE    STOCKHOLDERS    AND    CONTRIBUTORS    ARE: 


DAVID  STARR  JORDAN 

President  of  Stanford  University 

THEODORE  H.  HITTELL 

The  Historian  of  California 

MARY  HALLOCK  FOOTE 

Author  of  The  Led-Horse  Claim  etc 

MARGARET  COIyUER  GRAHAM 
Author  of  Stories  of  the  Foothills. 

GRACE  ELLERY  CHANNING 

Author  of  TTie  Sister  of  a  Saint,  etc. 

ELLA    HIGGINSON 

Author  of  A  Forest  Orchid,  etc. 

JOHN  VANCE  CHENEY 

Author  of  Thistle  Drift,  etc. 

CHARLES  WARREN  STODDARD 
The  Poet  of  the  South  Seas. 

INA  COOLBRITH 

Author  of  Songs  from  the  Golden  Gate,  etc. 

EDWIN  MARKHAM 

Author  of    The  Man  7vilh  the  Hoe. 


JOAQUIN  MILLER 

CHAS.  FREDERICK  HOLDER 

Author  of   The  Life  of  Agassiz,  etc 

GEO.  HAMLIN  FITCH 

Uterary  Kdltor  S.  F.  Chronicle. 

CHARLOTTE  PERKINS  STETSON 

Author  of  In  This  Our  IVorld. 

WILLIAM  KEITH 

The  greatest  Western  painter. 

DR.  WASHINGTON  MATTHEWS 
Ex-Prest.  American  Folk-Lore  Society. 

GEO.  PARKER  WINSHIP 

The  Historian  of  Coronado's  Marches. 

FREDERICK  WEBB  HODGE 

of  the  Bureau  of  Ethnology,  Washington. 

CHAS.  HOWARD  SHINN 

Author  of  The  Story  of  the  Mine,  etc. 

T.  S.  VAN  DYKE 

Author  of  Rod  and  Gun  in  California,  etc. 

CONSTANCE  GODDARD  DU  BOIS 

Author  The  Shield  of  the  Fleur  de  Lis. 


ETC.,     ETC. 

CONTENTS  FOR  SEPTEMBER,  1899: 

A  California  Caiiada Frontispiece 

Morn  on  the  Pacific  (poem),  Herbert  Bashford 195 

Summer  Dusk  (poem),  Nora  May  French 195 

A  New  Mexico  Sheep  King,  illustrated 197 

The  Bird  of  Paradise  Flower,  illustrated,  Juliette  E.  Mathis 198 

The  Zapote  Blanco,  illustrated,  Dr.  F.  Franceschi 199 

The  City  of  the  Saints,  illustrated,  Annie  Getchell  Gale 201 

My  Brother's  Keeper,  illustrated,  by  Chas.  F.  Lummis  207 

The  Big  Bonanza,  illustrated,  Theodore  H.  Hittell 217 

The  Quarry  Foreman  (story),  Cloudesley  Johns 22,4 

Early  California — the  Viceroy's  Report 227 

In  the  Lion's  Den  (by  the  editor) 235 

That  Which  is  Written  (reviews  by  the  editor) 235 

The  Land  We  Love,  illustrated 241 

California  Babies,  illustrated 243 


Entered  at  the  r.os  Angeles  Postoffice  as  second-class  matter. 


Land    of    Stinshiine    Publi»hiing    Co. 

F.  A.'  PATTEE,  Bus.  Mgr,  121 1^  S.  Broadway,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Directors;— W.  C.  Patterson,  Pres.;  Chas,  F.  I^ummis,  Vice-Pres.;  F.  A.  Pattee,  Sec.;  H.J. 
Fleishman,  Treas.;  E.  Pryce  Mitchell,  Auditor;  Chas.  Cassat  Davis,  Atty.,  Cyrus  M.  Davis. 

Other  Stockholders  :— Chas.  Forman,  D.  Freeman,  F.  W.  Braun,  Jno  F.  Francis,  E.  W.  Jones, 
Geo.  H.  Bonebrake,  F.  K.  Rule,  Andrew  Mullen,  I.  B.  Newton,  S.  H.  Mott,  Alfred  P.  Griffith, 
E.  E.  Bostwick,  H.  E.  Brook,  Kingsley-Bames  &  NeunerCo.,  L.  Replogle,  Jno.C.  Perry,  F.  A.  Schnell, 
G.  H.  Paine,  I«ouisa  C.  Bacon. 


WARNING, 


The  IvAND  OF  Sunshine  Publishing  Go.  has  nothing  to  do  with  a  concern  which 
has  imitated  its  name  as  nearly  as  it  dared.  This  magazine  is  not  pe/ddling  town- 
lots  in  the  desert.     It  is  a  magazine,  not  a  lottery.  Chas.  1?.  Ldmmis. 


PISCES   CURE   FOR 


The  Best  Cough  Syrup. 
I  Tastes  Good.  Use  in  time.| 
Sold  by  Drugffists. 


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vertised, and,  hLaving  merit,  it 
h.as  attained  a  -wide  sale  under 
ttie  name  of  Piso's  Cure  for  Con- 
sumption. 

Piso's  Cure  for  Consumption  is  now  a  "  Nos- 
trum," though  at  first  it  was  compounded  after  a 
prescription  by  a  regular  physician,  with  no  idea 
that  it  would  ever  go  on  the  market  as  a  proprie- 
tary medicine.  But  after  compounding  that  pre- 
scription over  a  thousand  times  in  one  year,  we 
named  it  "  Piso's  Cure  for  Consumption,''  and  be-  |. 
gan  advertising  it  in  a  small  way.  A  medicine 
known  all  over  the  world  is  the  result. 

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jft/i?OCOlit 


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Aurocone  Retainers  mailed  to  any  address  upon 
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u»u»v»^^^AKFMF»^»i/ni^^Fk^iani^w'^L»u»u»^tr*^^uni^^i^u»*r»FfcFk^a^^^itPit^^ 


TIME 


It  takes  time  to  properly  perform  dental 

work.    It  takes  skill,  too.    When  a  dentist's 

practice  keeps  his  time  fully  employed — as 

mine  does — and  he  is  willing  to  put  a  fair,  not  an  extravagant,  value 

to  his  time— as  I  am — he  is  able  to  make  prices  to  patients  he  serves 

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^Kt^^^<ft*.^*^».^Kt^^[%M^<i*Ji^^Klt'.€*J^m^d^^lt^^•J^•^•^t*■li*Ji^MKft•.}^*J^^.d*MKtC^^i^^'^]^ 


p.  B.  Silverwood's  is  the  Larg^est  Hat  and  Furnishing  Store  in  Los  Angeles. 


^B  R  A  ;? 

OF  THK 

UNIVERSITY 


'lTbra^ 


THr 


^^IVEHSITY 


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£iL/FORt^ 


THB    LANDS    OF    THE    SUN     EXPAND    TH  B    SOUL. 


Vol.  11,  No.  4 


LOS  ANGELES  SEPTEMBER,  1899. 


Morn  on  the  Pacific, 


BY   HERBERT   BASHFORD. 


Asleep  lie  the  waves  on  the  black,  winding  beaches, 
The  peaks  to  the  west  are  dim  shadows  afar  . 

A  gull  drifts  high  over  ;  the  sacred  dawn  reaches 
A  wan,  holy  hand  to  the  pale  morning  star. 

A -bird  thrills  the  silence  ;  the  eastern  sky  flushes  ; 

Now  comes  the  fair  Morn  with  a  rose  on  her  breast, 
While  the  great  sea  awakens  and  trembles  and  blushes. 

Then  dons  a  gold  garment  to  welcome  his  guest. 


Taeoma,  Wash. 


Summer  Dusk. 

BY    NORA    MAY    FRENCH. 

Earth's  parched  lips 
Drink  coolness  once  again,  for  daylight  dies, 

The  young  moon  dips 
A  threaded  gleam  where  sunset  languid  lies. 
And  slowly  twilight  opens  starry  eyes. 

Low  in  the  west 
Day's  fading  embers  cast  a  last  faint  glow 

Behind  a  crest 
Where  curving  hills  on  primrose  paleness  show 
Sharp-lined  in  jet.     Dusk  stillness  broods  below. 

A  first  long  sigh 
Stirs  from  the  broad  and  dew-wet  breast  of  night ; 

The  leaves  reply 
With  soft  small  rustlings  ;  moths  take  ghostly  flight, 
And  waking  crickets  shrill  long-drawn  delight. 


La  Canada,  Cal. 


Copyright  1899  by  land  of  Sunshine  Pub.  Co. 


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197 


A  New  Mexican  Sheep-King. 


yCf^UW  MEXICO  was  the  first  "sheep  country"  in 
^l^  the  United  States.  Juan  de  Onate,  the  founder  of 
Santa  Fe  and  first  colonizer  of  the  territory,  brought 
fine  Spanish  merinos  with  his  costly  expedition,  and  sheep 
have  never  since  failed  in  New  Mexico  in  spite  of  the  wild 
beasts  and  nomad  Indians.  Coronado,  by  the  way,  had 
brought  sheep  to  the  territory  in  1540  ;  but  they  were  killed 
by  the  savages  as  soon  as  he  returned  to  Mexico. 

In  time  sheep  became  almost  the  only  wealth  of  the  lonely 
and  harrassed  territory.  A  few  wealthy  men  had  enormous 
herds  ;  and  though  the  Apaches  and  Navajos  swept  ofif  some- 
times as  many  as  30,000  sheep  in  a  single  raid,  the  wool  indus- 
try has  remained  through  so  many  adverse  centuries  the  chief 
reliance  of  New  Mexico.  In  1822,  Francisco  Xavier  Chavez, 
then  governor,  better  known  as  El  Guero('*The  Blond"), 
owned  over  a  million  sheep.  These  were  let  out  on  shares  to 
men  all  over  the  territory.  A  later  governor,  Bartolome  Baca, 
had  nearly  as  many.  An  old  Mexican  is  still  living  who  used 
to  be  one  of  Gov.  Baca's  mayordomos  and  had  charge  of  500,- 
000  sheep,  with  seven  hundred  shepherds  under  him.  All  the 
shepherds  were  armed  with  flintlock  muskets,  and  frequently 
had  to  use  them  against  the  savages,  as  well  as  in  keeping 
down  the  bears,  cougars,  wolves,  coyotes,  and  other  animals. 

This  old  Spanish  governor  of  New  Mexico  before  the  United 
States  had  fairly  heard  of  the  territory,  was  not  a  bad  sort  of 
millionaire,  and  neither  wealth  nor  power  spoiled  him.  Be- 
sides his  enormous  holding  of  sheep,  he  owned  a  great  propor- 
tion of  the  whole  territory,  and  had  mortgages  on  a  large  part 
of  the  remainder.  The  little  hamlet  of  Cebolleta  was  for 
twelve  successive  seasons  devoured  by  the  grasshoppers,  which 
left  no  green  thing.  The  people  would  have  perished  but  for 
Don  Bartolome.  He  gave  them  10,000  sheep  ;  and  the  whole 
town  turned  shepherd.  They  drank  the  milk  and  ate  the  lambs 
and  wethers,  and  in  fine  lived  oiF  the  sheep.  When  the 
plague  of  grasshoppers  ceased  and  good  times  came  again  for 
Cebolleta,  the  whole  ten  thousand  sheep  and  their  natural  in- 
crease had  been  devoured,  and  not  one  was  left  to  repay  Don 
Bartolome.     Nor  did  he  ever  ask  a  reckoning. 

When  this  gallant  old  czar  of  the  Southwest  was  upon  his 
death-bed,  his  sons  begged  him  to  arrange  his  affairs — which 
were  all  at  loose  ends.  He  bade  them  bring  all  the  papers; 
and  after  a  grand  ransacking  of  the  house  the  expectant  heirs 
brought  him  in  a  Navajo  blanket  several  bushels  of  mortgages 
and  notes.     The  veteran  said  : 

"  They  who  have  given  me  these  papers  are  poor  people. 
That  they  shall  not  suffer,  and  to  avoid  litigation,  there  is  an 


198 


LAND    OF  SUNSHINE. 


easy  settlement' ' — and  crawling  from  bed  he  flung  the  great 
mass  of  papers  into  the  blazing  fire-place.  It  was^  the  fitting 
last  act  of  a  cavalier's  life. 

Don  Bartolome's  daughter  lyUgarda,  by  the  way,  married 
Don  Jose  Luna,  uncle  of  the  ex- delegate  to  Congress  from  New 
Mexico.  Both  were  immensely  wealthy,  but  put  all  their 
money  in  sheep — and  lost  them  all  by  Indian  depredations. 
The  last  I  knew  of  them,  this  aged  couple  —  he  over  one  hun- 
dred and  she  in  the  nineties  —  were  living  in  abject  poverty 
in  a  little  adobe  room,  and  would  long  before  have  starved  but 
for  their  daughter-in-law.  A  strange  irony  of  fate  for  the 
heirs  of  the  big-hearted  Don  who  had  been  for  a  generation  the 
practical  king  of  a  territory  300  miles  square  !  C.  F.  L. 


C.  M.  Davis  Eng.  Co. 


THE   BIRD   OF   PARADISE   FI^OWER. 


199 

The  Bird  of  Paradise  Flower. 


BY    JULIETTE   ESTELLB   MATHIS. 


J^rtHIS  is  the  familiar  name  by  which  is  designated  the 
\  flock  of  golden  wings,  touched  with  a  glint  of  bright- 
est blue,  poised  butterfly-fashion  on  the  tips  of  their 
tall  green  perches  and  scientifically  christened  Strelitzia  Regi- 
nae,  whose  glittering  groups  conspicuously  promote  the  gayety 
of  Southern  California  gardens.  Wanderers  from  the  distant 
Cape  of  Good  Hope,  and  originally  destined  to  occupy  con- 
servatory cages,  they  have  come  here  to  open-air  freedom. 

The  plant  is  classified  botanically  as  a  member  of  the  ba- 
nana family,  and  its  long  leaf-spears  suggest,  if  they  do  not 
betray,  its  near  relationship  to  the  banana  palm  and  tropical 
canna,  from  which  the  principal  difference  of  foliage  lies  in  the 
absence  of  a  leaf-stalk,  all  the  leaves  starting  near  the  ground, 
forming  a  general  cluster.  The  flower-bearing  scape  rises 
reed-like  and  naked,  tipped  at  each  apex  with  an  oblique  or 
horizontal  and  rigid,  conduplicate  spathe  from  which  several 
large  and  most  extraordinary  blossoms  successively  unfold. 
The  three  outer  divisions  of  the  perianth  are  from  three  to  four 
inches  long  and  brilliantly  yellow  in  color,  one  of  them  con- 
duplicate,  tapering  to  a  point  and  resembling  the  two  larger  of 
the  vivid  blue  inner  set,  which  are  the  true  petals  and  united, 
covering  the  stamens.  The  remaining  petal  is  small  and  un- 
obtrusive. There  is  a  rare  variety  whose  blossoms  are  white 
and  larger  than  the  Strelitzia  Reginae  ;  of  this  I  have  seen 
only  one  specimen. 

The  Strelitzia  is  never  a  wall-flower,  but  invariably  success- 
ful as  a  candidate  for  floral  honors,  never  failing  to  arrest  at- 
tention and  elicit  admiration  not  only  for  its  splendid  coloring, 
a  sunbeam  incarnate,  but  also  for  the  strangely  animated  qual- 
ity of  its  bird-like  bloom,  literally  creatures  with  wings,  appar- 
ently threatening  to  cleave  the  upper  air  if  approached  incau- 
tiously or  too  near. 

The  Zapote-Blanco. 

BY    DR.    F.    FRANCESCHI. 

OUND  and  vigorous,  although  nearly  a  centenarian,  the  pioneer  of 
exotic  trees  introduced  into  California  stands  in  the  very  heart  of 
_  Santa  Barbara,  on  West  De  la  Guerra  street,  two  blocks  from  State 
street.  Casimiroa  Edulis  (this  being  its  botanical  name)  is  a  native  of  So- 
nora  and  other  temperate  regions  of  Mexico,  and  belongs  to  the  order  of 
Rutaceae,  which  comprises  also  the  so-called  **  Citrus  fruits."  It  has  a 
huge  warty  trunk,  dense  spreading  crown,  evergreen  trifoliate  leaves, 
and  bears  small  greenish  flowers  followed  by  globular  yellow  fruits,  very 
sweet,  and  endowed  with  very  remarkable  narcotic  power,  so  that  they 
are  said  to  be  used  in  Mexico  for  the  treatment  of  insomnia.  Our  tree, 
most  likely  a  seedling,  happens  to  bear  very  small  fruits,  which  prob- 
ably accounts  for  its  not  having  been  more  widely  propagated.  A  few 
feet  only  from  the  tree,  almost  hidden  among  the  weeds,  the  foundations 
are  to  be  seen  of  an  adobe  building  where  Colonel  Fremont  estab- 
lished his  powder  magazine  in  the  early  times  of  the  occupation  of  Cali- 
fornia. In  the  absence  of  an  appropriate  tablet,  the  large  Zapote 
watches  as  a  sentinel  these  old  memorials,  a  much  older  evergreen 
memorial  itself.     (See  next  page. ) 

Santa  Barbara,  Cal. 


20I 


The  City  of  the  Saints. 


BY   ANNIE  GETCHELL   GALE. 


HUT  in  by  a  more  than 
half  circle  of  mountains 
—  masses  of  splendid 
violet,  bronze,  coppery  reds, 
glints  of  green,  broken  by  en- 
chanting caiions,  with  the  wil- 
low-fringed Jordan  at  the  west, 
and  beyond  it  the  rocky  shores 
of  the  incomparable  lake  —  Salt 
Lake  City  has  a  setting  which 
appeals  to  all  who  have  eyes  to 
see. 

It  is  a  matter  of  history  (in 
Utah)  that  Brigham  Young, 
who  did  not  lack  eyes  where- 
with to  see,  emerging  from  the 
canon  which  he  named  "Emi- 
gration," into  the  valley  of  the 
Jordan,  on  the  24th  day  of  July, 
1847,  in  quest  of  the  "promised 
land,"  declared  that  he  would 
look  no  further  for  a  site  upon 
which  to  build  a  city — and  it  is 
said  that  then  and  there  he 
had  a  vision  of  what  would  be. 
Whether  this  is  true,  or  whether 
in  this  spot  where  Nature  has 
done  her  perfect  work  he 
builded  better  than  he  knew,  no 
one  can  say.  He  proceeded  to 
build  a  city  upon  a  plan  of  his 
own,  and  although  many  changes  have  occurred  with  the  coming  in  of 
a  large  number  of  Gentiles  it  is  still  significantly  quaint,  curious  and 
picturesque.  Tourists  come,  spend  a  day  in  driving  about  the  city  and 
go  again,  with  the  complaint  that  they  see  nothing,  unless  it  be  the  tab- 
ernacle, that  is  distinctly  "  Mormon;"  yet  the  element  they  seek  is  on 
every  street  and  corner  where  the  people  stand  and  talk,  but  recognition 
of  it  comes  only  with  some  familiarity  with  them  and  their  ways. 

As  originally  laid  out,  each  lot  contained  one  and  one-quarter  acres, 
land  enough  for  a  small  farm  ;  steeets  were  100  feet  wide,  not  including 
sixteen-foot  sidewalks,  and  to  this  division  of  land  into  large  lots  and 
wide  streets  is  due  the  village-like  appearance  which  the  city  still  pre- 
sents. 

The  only  building  material  available  in  the  early  days  was  adobe  brick, 
and  in  the  old  parts  of  the  city,  where  fashion  in  architecture  is  as  yet  un- 
known and  cabbages  instead  of  grass  grow  in  the  front  yards,  one  can 
see  old  houses,  built  in  1848-9.  Honeysuckle  and  English  ivy  climb 
over  gray,  crumbling  walls,  and  lilacs,  roses  and  fruit  trees  grow  close 
around  them.  The  poverty-stricken  people — the  lowest  class  of  Swedes 
and  Norwegians — spend  the  most  of  the  daylight  hours  out  of  doors, 
gossiping  over  fences  or  drawing  their  numerous  children  about  the 
streets  in  baby  wagons  of  their  own  construction.  A  rough  wooden  box 
or  basket  fastened  to  a  sled  answers  the  purpose.  The  Norwegian 
mother,  when  dressed  for  a  promenade,  has  a  thick,  dark  veil  tied  over 
her  ears,  and  on  the  top  of  it  an  antiquated,  high-crowned  brown  straw  hat, 
brought  from  Norway  years  ago.     She  wears  short,  stiffly  starched  skirts 


App  Eng.  Co. 

BRIGHAM 


young's  statue. 


THE   CITY    OF    THE   SAINTS. 


OFTHB 


and  the  coarsest  shoes.  But  even  the  least  progressive  among  them  are 
becoming  Americanized  ;  wooden  shoes  are  not  often  seen  on  the  street, 
and  a  woman  with  a  load  of  firewood  on  her  back  is  not  an  every-day 
sight. 

Whatever  Brigham  Young's  taste  may  have  been  in  regard  to  clothes 
— and  it  is  said  that  he  was  in  the  habit  of  tying  a  red  handkerchief 
over  his  head  when  he  went  to  the  theater  accompanied  by  from  ten  to 
eighteen  Mrs.  Youngs — he  had  a  fine  sense  of  proportion  and  color  in 
building  in  stone  or  adobe.  Fortunately,  in  the  early  days,  he  set  men 
not  otherwise  employed  to  building  walls  of  cobble  stones,  cemented  to- 
gether with  adobe  mud,  and  these  walls,  from  twelve  to  twenty  feet 
high,  are  today  a  delight  to  every  artistic  eye. 

A  massive,  grey,  pillared  wall  shuts  in  the  lower  story  of  the  ancient 
Lion  House,  the  former  home  of  Brigham  Young,  from  the  gaze  of  the 
public.  In  this  long,  yellow,  dormer-windowed  house,  with  the  iron 
figure  of  a  lion  above  its  front  portico,  some  of  the  old  wives  still  live, 
but  they  are  seldom  seen  except  as  one  has  glimpses  of  them  through 


App  Eng   Co. 


BEE-HI VK   HOUSE   AND   EAGI^E  GATE. 


the  shining  seven-by-nine  window  panes.  Curious  questioners  now  and 
then  pick  up  bits  of  information  as  to  their  manner  of  life  in  former 
years  when  the  great  man  with  "the  head  of  a  god"  regulated  the  aflfairs 
of  his  home,  or  homes,  to  his  own  liking.  Each  wife  made  herself  use- 
ful according  to  her  talents  ;  one  was  chief  housekeeper,  another  cook  ; 
another  could  darn  socks  quickly  and  well ;  another  was  dexterous  in  the 
use  of  scissors,  and  cut  out  many  of  the  ugly  "endowment  garments" 
which  good  Saints  wear.  Detesting  idleness  on  general  principles,  he 
found  work  for  all  his  family. 

Next  door  is  the  Beehive  House,  equally  ancient  and  interesting  ; 
here  he  had  his  office,  and  some  living-rooms,  and  received  calls  from 
many  distinguished  people,  among  them  R.  W.  Emerson,  who  was  not 
favorably  impressed  with  his  host.  The  Beehive  House  is  now  owned 
and  occupied  by  a  wealthy  Mormon  who  makes  no  pretense  of  sunder- 
ing any  of  his  plural  marriage  relations. 

From  the  windows  of  his  office  in  the  Beehive  House  Brigham  Young 
could  look  out  at  Eagle  Gate,  which  he  built  in  the  early  days,  partly  at 
least,  in  the  interest  of  the  church.  Through  it,  up  a  winding  road,  past 
his  walled  garden,  men  went  with  ox  teams  to  City  Greek  Canon  for 


-m 


Mk. 


THE   CITY   OF   THE    SAINTS. 


205 


wood  ;  returning,  they  were  required  to  leave  a  tenth  of  their  load  at 
Eagle  Gate,  as  tithings.  The  present  officers  of  the  church  use  various 
methods  to  induce  unwilling  brethren  to  give  up  a  tenth  of  their  in- 
comes ;  Brigham  Young  had  but  one :  he  commanded,  and  the  tithings 
were  paid.  The  tithing  house  is  close  by,  but  is  scarcely  visible  from 
the  street,  and  is  uninteresting  as  seen  from  the  outside.  At  the  present 
day  Eagle  Gate  is  not  a  gate  in  fact,  but  an  arch  merely  ;  electric  cars 
run  under  it  to  a  steep  hill  beyond,  turning  there  into  First  street — a  new 
street,  and  no  part  of  Brigham  Young's  plan.  Following  the  line  of  the 
electric  road  one  passes  vacant  lots  where  green  things  grow,  the  backs 
of  fine,  old  Mormon  mansions  and  the  fronts  of  ugly  new  ones,  reach- 
ing at  last  the  only  really  beautiful  spot  on  this  incongruous  street — a 
large,  plain,  green  yard,  in  a  comer  of  which  is  Brigham  Young's  grave, 
enclosed  by  an  iron  fence.  In  perfect  order  and  taste,  and  in  accord 
with  his  love  of  verdure,  sunlight  and  space,  it  is  worth  a  walk  up  the 
hill  to  see.      It  is  a  matter  for  thankfulness  that  the  yard  is  not  likely  to 


AppEng.Co.     THK   IvION   HOUSE,    BRIGHAM    YOUNG'S   RESIDKNCE. 


be  cut  up  and  sold  for  building  lots  in  the  next  forty  or  fifty  years  at  the 
least.  The  gate  is  always  locked,  and  the  spikes  on  the  top  of  the  fence 
which  encloses  the  yard  are  sharp  enough  to  shut  out  relic  hunters 
effectually . 

From  the  windows  of  the  Beehive  House  one  can  look  at  a  bronze 
statue  of  Brigham  Young,  by  C.  E.  Dallin,  now  of  Boston.  In  the  mid- 
dle of  the  chief  business  street,  it  is,  next  to  the  temple,  the  most  con- 
spicuous object  in  the  city.  The  face  is  thoughtful,  benignant  and 
pleasing,  and  those  who  knew  him  well  assert  that  it  is  very  life-like.  On 
another  corner  is  the  Gardo  House — formerly  known  as  the  "Amelia 
Palace" — the  exclusive  home  of  the  last  Mrs.  Young  (of  whom  much 
might  be  written). 

Only  a  block  away  is  the  great,  granite  temple  of  the  Latter- Day 
Saints,  and  the  odd-looking,  squat  tabernacle  in  its  shade.  On  its  high- 
est pinnacle  is  a  statue  of  the  Angel  Maroni — of  whom  much  is  related 
in  the  Book  of  Mormon — with  a  trumpet  at  his  lips,  as  he  is  believed  to 
have  appeared  to  Joseph  Smith.    This  is  also  by  Mr.  Dallin,  of  whose  work 


206 


LAND    OF  SUNSHINE. 


the  Mormon  people  are  very  proud,  he  having  been  born  and  brought  up 
among  them.  Twelve  feet  high,  and  an  exquisite  work  of  art  in  every 
detail,  it  pierces  the  sky  at  too  great  a  height  to  be  seen  distinctly  from 
the  street. 

The  Temple,  which  was  thirty-nine  years  in  building,  is  in  imitation 
of  the  Temple  of  Solomon,  the  architects  following  as  nearly  as  possible 
the  description  given  of  it  in  the  bible.  It  is  not  open  to  the  public,  and 
public  meetings  are  never  held  in  it.  Marriages  are  performed  there, 
privately,  but  with  much  ceremony.  Those  who  have  passed  through 
the  ordeal  of  a  temple  marriage  are  not  disposed  to  be  communicative  in 
regard  to  the  matter,  except  in  the  case  of  some  loquacious  individuals 
who  cannot  resist  the  inclination  to  enlighten  their  Gentile  friends — but 
there  is  a  very  general  belief  among  people  on  the  outside  that  the  cere- 
monies are  quite  spectacular. 

One  may  by  chance  hear  a  temple  worker — one  who  goes  there  to  be 


App  En^.  Co. 


BRIGHAM   YOUNG'S   GRAVE. 


baptized  for  the  souls  of  the  dead — speak  guardedly  of  such  portions  of 
the  interior  as  he  or  she  may  have  seen — of  white  and  gold  rooms,  im- 
mense paintings  representing  scenes  in  Mormon  history,  of  the  great 
baptismal  font  which  rests  on  the  backs  of  twelve  bronze  oxen.  The  old 
but  well  preserved  wall  which  encloses  Temple  Block  adds  much  to  its 
peculiar  beauty.  As  one  looks  at  its  pondrous  gates  and  listens  to  the 
subdued  tones  of  the  thousands  who  pass  through  them  every  Sunday 
afternoon,  one  wonders  if  the  astute  disseminators  of  a  new  theology  are 
not  wise  in  maintaining  at  this  Temple — their  chief  holy  place,  built  for 
a  habitation  for  Jesus  Christ  when  he  shall  come  a  second  time  to  earth — 
an  appearance  suggestive  of  seclusion,  secrecy  and  remoteness. 

One  of  the  most  faithful  temple  workers  in  the  city  is  a  white  haired 
woman — the  mother  of  Mrs.  Ann  Eliza  Young.  Her  aged  father,  on  the 
contrary,  will  have  nothing  to  do  with  the  church. 

One  can  stroll  through  streets  shaded  by  stately  Lombardy  poplars, 
and  gaze  at  long,  low-roofed  houses  with  tiny  windows  and  from  three  to 


MY   BROTHER'S   KEEPER.  207 

six  front  doors,  and  know  that  in  the  small,  dark  rooms  there  were  once 
as  many  wives  as  doors,  the  husband  spending  a  week  with  each  in  turn. 
In  whose  keeping  he  left  his  best  pipe  and  Sunday  clothes  neither  his- 
tory nor  the  gossip  of  the  day  has  told  us  ;  they  may  have  been  left 
with  the  one  who  cooked  the  best  dinners.  That  these  weekly  visits  to 
each  family  were  then,  as  they  are  now  in  numerous  instances,  an  occa- 
sion for  the  killing  of  the  fatted  calf,  cannot  be  doubted.  Of  all  this  the 
tourist  hears  vague  rumors  but  sees  nothing.  The  mixed  relationships, 
the  felicities  and  infelicities,  the  tragedy  and  pathos  as  well  as  the  irre- 
sistibly comic  side  of  Mormon  domestic  life  are  not  apparent  to  one  who 
merely  passes  by. 

One  who  has  the  patience  to  stand  at  the  gates  of  Temple  Block  for 
half  an  hour  any  Sunday  afternoon  will  see  the  extremes  of  refined 
fanaticism,  and  the  unthinking  Norwegian  animal — the  bent  backs  and 
dull  eyes  of  those  who  have  struggled  through  many  weary  years  for  a 
bare  existence,  and  narrow-browed,  repulsive  children.  Nowhere  else  in 
the  world,  perhaps,  can  be  seen  so  strange  a  crowd  ;  no  one  would  ever 
mistake  them  for  the  members  of  any  other  church,  orthodox  or  liberal. 
Their  incapacity  for  reason — plainly  stamped  on  their  faces — is  such  that 
they  see  no  difficulty  in  accepting  as  facts  doctrines  at  which  all  the  rest 
of  the  civilized  world  wonders.  They  believe  in  the  efficacy  of  baptism 
for  the  dead,  revelation  direct  from  God  through  authorized  revel ators, 
the  gift  of  tongues — and  its  concomitant,  the  gift  of  interpretation — in 
prophecy,  the  resurrection  of  the  physical  body,  obsession  by  devils,  the 
renewal  of  this  earth  by  fire,  the  conversion  of  all  **  Lamanites,"  i.e., 
Indians,  to  Mormonism,  and,  generally,  that  polygamy  was  and  is  a  di- 
vine institution,  to  be  perpetuated  eternally  through  the  sealing  of 
women  to  men  as  celestial  wives.  The  practical  side  of  polygamy  is 
overlooked  by  those  who  condemn  it  as  a  thing  of  evil  ;  in  the  outskirts 
of  the  city  women  work  in  the  fields  with  men,  and  also  without  them, 
for  many  men,  possessors  of  farms  (and  wives)  are  absent  on  missions, 
and  three  or  four  wives  do  the  work  of  an  equal  number  of  hired  men. 
The  wish  to  enlarge  the  kingdom  of  God  is  not  (to  judge  from  appear- 
ances) the  only  reason  which  impels  men  to  become  polygamists  ;  many 
a  man  has  found  that  the  easiest  way  to  square  an  overdue  account  with 
his  female  house-servant  was  to  marry  her. 

But  notwithstanding  all  this,  and  much  more  untouched  through  lack 
of  space,  and  much  more  still  that  can  be  seen  and  felt,  yet  is  too  illu- 
sive for  expression,  the  city  called  •*  Zion,"  by  thousands  who  believe  it 
to  be  the  fairest  spot  on  earth,  has  a  beauty  and  charm  peculiarly  its 
own,  which,  once  known,  is  not  forgotten. 


My  Brother  s  Keeper. 


BY   CHAS.    F.    LUMMIS 


URELY  it  is  not  un-American  to  love  fair-play  and  education. 
There  are  many  noisy  persons,  reinforced  by  a  multitude 
of  thoughtless  ones,  who  disprize  scholarship  and  glory  in 
tyrannizing  over  everyone  who  is  weaker.  But  I  take  it 
that  the  typical  American  does  not  deliberately  prefer 
dunces  nor  bullies.  It  is  the  trade-mark  of  a  cheap  and 
ignorant  mind  to  be  afraid  of  learning  and  to  distrust  ex- 
perience ;  and  I  do  not  believe  that  trade-mark  belongs  to 
the  United  States.  We  cannot  all  be  scholars  nor  heroes  ; 
but  we  can  all  respect  heroes  and  scholars— and  so  we  all 
shall  so  long  as  there  is  safety  in  our  blood.  The  two  first 
standards   by    which   we   judge   men   are   courage   and  wisdom.       By 


t'oitinued  from  August  number. 


2o8 


LAND    OF  SUNSHINE. 


those  standards,  those  who  oppose  ignorant  injustice,  even  in  the 
"name  of  humanity"  have  no  fear  to  be  measured  beside  those  who 
practice  it.  So  far  as  I  know,  they  need  not  fear  comparison  by  their 
classical  education,  their  later  study  or  their  out-door  manhood.  They 
have  learned  as  much  English,  arithmetic  and  I^atin  as  the  people  who 
think  strabismic  ;  they  know  a  good  deal  more  of  the  higher  studies, 
have  traveled  more  (on  the  average)  and  dared  more.  For  they  are  a 
considerable  class  in  weight,  if  not  in  numbers.     If  you  know  a  man's 


C.  M.  UavisEug.  Co. 


A   TIGUA   WOMAN. 


Copyrighted  by  0.  F.  Lummis 


scientific  attainments  and  his  experience,  you  can  confidently  predicate 
his  notions  as  to  the  American  Indian.  And  vice  versa.  Given  the 
theory  of  an  **  Eastern  philanthropist*'  or  salaried  "educator,"  it  is  im- 
mediately easy  to  gauge  just  how  little  he  knows  by  himself  and  how 
little  of  what  scholars  have  been  learning  (and  proving  to  all  who  care 
to  know)  for  some  four  hundred  years. 

The  ridiculous  and  unjust  "system"  now  sought  to  be  put  in  opera- 
tion is  as  brilliant  as  that  of  the  persons  who  try  to  fell  a  pine-tree  by  cut- 


/ 


CM  Davis  Eng.  Co.  j^qN    AMBROSIO    ABEITA  From  an  old  Daguerreotype. 

The  Pueblo  Indian  who  lent  the  ^old  coin  to  pay  off  the  Unitfd  Stales  troops  in  New  Mexico  in 
the  war  of  the  Rebellion. 


i^ 

^ 


C,  M.  Davis  Eng  Co. 


AN   INDIAN   KITCHEN. 


Copyright  by  ('.  F  Lui 


M  Davis  Eng.  Co.  WHY   NOT   SEPARATE    FATHER   AND   DAUGHTER?     Copyright  by  C.  F.  Lummis. 


^li  LAND   OF  SUNSHINE 

ting  off  the  needles.  It  does  not  even  pretend  that  it  can,  nor  that  it 
cares  to,  educate  the  Indian  home.  It  does  not  remotely  dream  of  any 
such  common-sense  and  justice  as  trying  to  uplift  the  father  and  mother 
at  least  enough  to  enable  them  to  understand  and  sympathize  with  their 
"educated"  child.  They  are  to  be  left  in  their  blindness.  All  they 
amount  to,  with  the  block-builders,  is  to  breed  more  children  for  the 
schools — children  to  be  taken  away  from  them  and  kept  away  from 
them.  It  is  about  as  lofty  humanity  and  statesmanship  as  "wolf-farm- 
ing"—where  a  squatter  keeps  his  old  wolves  penned  to  breed  pups  for 
the  bounty  the  State  pays  on  wolf-scalps. 

That  is  anywhere  and  any-when  a  curious  caricature  of  education 
which  unfits  the  pupil  for  his  environment.  Thousands  of  Indian  children 
have  already  been  thus  unfitted  by  the  unread  theorists.  But  now  the 
systematists  desire  not  to  return  them  at  all  to  their  environment.  The 
Indian  child,  wheedled  from  home  to  a  distant  school,  is  never  to  see  his 
home  again — if  this  precious  project  shall  be  carried  out.  Of  course 
six  years  at  Carlisle  will  teach  this  child  all  that  an  American  child, 
empowered  by  centuries  of  heredity,  can  know,  and  there  will  be  no 
inequality  in  the  competition  into  which  we  will  pitch  him,  after  we  have 
robbed  him  of  home,  parents  and  friends !  Meanwhile  the  deluded 
parents  may  console  themselves  by  rearing  more  children  to  feed  the 
machine.  I  say  "deluded"  by  cold  intention;  because  no  Indian 
parent  would  knowingly  surrender  a  child  for  life  ;  and  I  believe  the 
Constitution  of  the  United  States  does  not  permit  parents  to  be  de- 
prived forcibly  of  their  children. 

Doleful  pictures  were  painted  in  the  convention  of  the  dreadfulness 
of  sending  "  educated"  Indian  children  back  to  their  homes  in  the  New 
Mexican  pueblos  where  several  hundred  natives  died  last  year  of  small- 
pox. It  never  seemed  to  penetrate  these  blessed  official  intelligences 
that  anybody  but  the  Indians  could  be  responsible  for  smallpox  in 
places  under  the  direct  thumb  of  the  government !  The  government 
absolutely  controls  these  Indian  villages.  It  spends  several  hundred 
thousand  dollars  a  year  in  salaries,  and  still  more  in  other  channels,  to 
support  a  small  army  of  place-holders  whose  livelihood  depends  on  the 
fact  that  there  are  Indians.  A  small  part  of  the  money  and  care  now 
devoted  to  educating  Indian  children  off"  the  earth  would  sanitate  every 
Indian  camp  and  town  in  the  United  States,  so  there  would  be  no  more 
epidemics ;  would  maintain  in  each  a  good  physician  to  stop  the  ab- 
normal mortality,  and  a  good  teacher  to  educate  the  Indians.  The 
youngsters  would  learn  more  slowly,  of  course,  than  they  do  in  the 
herd  schools  far  Bast ;  but  the  parents  would  learn  too — for  a  good 
teacher  would  be  a  welcome  friend  in  every  home  ;  which  I  know,  be- 
cause I  have  seen.  Therefore  the  Indians,  as  a  whole,  would  be  educated 
faster.  The  man  or  woman  who  does  not  know,  by  this  year  of  more 
or  less  grace  1899,  that  the  soundest  way  in  education  and  the  only  mer- 
ciful way  in  humanity  to  educate  an  "inferior  race"  is  to  educate  it 
at  home  and  altogether,  confesses  nakedness  of  science,  history  and 
statecraft. 

But  these  people  are  muddying  our  brook  from  down  stream.  An  ex- 
cuse is  always  easy,  when  mutton  and  an  appetite  encounter.  The  In- 
dians have  lands  which  we  wish — though  the  sacred  honor  of  the  na- 
tion is  pledged  to  their  security  in  those  lands.  They  beget  children, 
whose  education  means  a  salary  to  several  thousand  persons — very 
many  of  whom  would  dislike  greatly  to  do  that  educating  on  the 
frontier.  It  is  better  to  take  a  son  from  his  mother  than  to  get  away 
from  '*  all  the  modern  conveniences" — for  the  teacher.  I  do  not  think 
a  salary  a  sin.  I  honor  any  man  or  woman  who  truly  earns  a  salary  in 
the  Indian  service.  But  all  human  experience  teaches  us  that  a  "job  " 
is  not  conducive  to  logic  and  conscientiousness.  Those  who  get  their 
bread  and  butter  by  a  system — not  to  mention  their  mince  pie— are  no- 


MY    BROTHER'S   KEEPER.  213 

toriously  not;the  coolest  judges  of  that  system's  merits.  Much  as  I  re- 
spect several  of  the  larger  (and  better  paid)  officials  who  are  forming 
our  Indian  policy,  I  cannot  forget  that  their  money  and  their  power 
come  exclusively  from  their  "job."  You  may  forget  it  if  you  prefer. 
You  may  also  forget  that  not  one  of  them  has  the  remotest  weight  as  a 
scholar,  even  in  the  branch  of  human  science  which  supports  him.  Or 
if  you  think  this  statement  too  sweeping,  you  can  try  to  get  him  before 
a  Civil  Service  Commission  of  scientists  to  be  examined  as  to  what  he 
does  know  of  all  that  scientists  value. 

Because  the  aborigine  is  not  expert  on  Jenner's  discovery  and  on  scien- 
tific sanitation,  the  civilized  government  which,  upon  the  top  of  the  ob- 
ligation of  every  decent  man  to  the  weaker,  has  taken  as  solemn  vows  "as 
any  nation  is  able  to  take  ;  which  knows  how  to  spread  civilization 
around  the  world  but  does  not  know  enough  to  vaccinate  its  wards — 
that  government  will  take  his  children  away  from  its  official  smallpox  ; 
and  leave  him  to  die  in  it ! 

The  Convention  did,  indeed,  resolve  in  favor  of  compulsory  vaccina- 
tion, and  so  far  so  good.  But  if  a  competent  person  had  drawn  the  res- 
olutions, it  would  have  been  "  further  resolved  "  that  the  job  be  en- 
trusted to  no  thick-headed  Dogberry  who  would  need  a  company  of 
soldiers  to  back  him,  who  would  storm  a  little  hamlet,  and  scare  women 
and  babies  half  to  death  to  do  what  any  person  fit  for  th^  mission  could 
do  alone  and  with  friendly  feeling.  Hard  words  ?  If  you  say  so,  you 
do  not  know  our  recent  shameful  records  at  Zuiii  and  Moqui ;  nor  do 
you  know  how  easily  manlier  and  wiser  men  have  done  alone  and  with- 
out friction  what  ignorant  timidity  turned  into  a  brutal  disgrace.  The 
record  of  these  things  is  one  long  story  of  incompetetice ;  often  of 
brute  force  ;  sometimes  of  tragedy.  And  never  once  was  there  the  re- 
motest excuse. 

It  is  and  has  been  —  and,  alas,  I  fear,  will  be  —  the  trouble  that  this 
great,  philanthropic,  alleged  Christian  nation  has  sent  people  who 
didn't  know  anything  about  the  mission  they  were  sent  on.  Now  a 
man  may  be  a  very  honorable  and  wise  person  ;  but  if  he  doesn't  know 
book-keeping  his  virtues  will  not  impell  you  to  put  him  in  charge  of 
your  books. 

One  of  the  few  hopeful  signs  is  that  (for  the  first  time  in  American 
history)  a  woman  is  United  States  Superintendent  of  Indian  Schools. 
Miss  Estelle  Reel  is  a  woman  of  charm.  Her  paper  before  the  Conven- 
tion was  sound  and  sane.  It  even  advised  patience  in  the  attempt  to 
make  the  Indian  civilize  himself  ten  times  faster  than  our  forefathers 
did.  I  have  a  good  many  hopes  of  Miss  Reel.  It  does  not  seem  prob- 
able that  a  woman  can  be  so  many  kinds  of  a  self-deceived  brute  as 
some  of  Miss  Reel's  predecessors  have  been  ;  and  she  seems  to  be  not 
only  a  woman  but  a  wise  woman,  and  a  good  one.  If  she  is  what  I 
hope,  she  can  do  a  longer-enduring  and  a  broader  work  than  any  woman 
has  ever  done  in  America.  She  cannot  do  it  by  becoming  a  cog  in  the 
machine  ;  nor  need  she  wreck  the  machine  to  do  it.  Her  only  cue  is  to 
learn  what  she  can  and  trust  her  instincts  as  a  woman.  And  ten  thou- 
sand homes  that  were  American  when  your  ancestors  and  mine  ran 
naked  in  Europe  will  come  upon  her  conscience  one  day,  if  there  is 
a  Judgment ;  for  she  alone,  in  her  day,  can  turn  the  scales  for  them, 
for  good  or  for  evil. 

[to  be  continued.] 


214 

'  The  Big  Bonanza. 


BY    THEODORE    H.     HITTELL. 


©p 


HERE  is  a  race  of  giants  among  mines  as  well  as  among  men  ;  and 
this  race  seems  to  be  all  of  the  same  family,  with  distinct  and 
well-marked  features  of  relationship.  They  are  all  situated  in 
the  high  mountains,  about  a  mile  above  ocean  level,  along  the  western 
side  of  the  American  continents  ;  all  bear  both  gold  and  silver ;  all  run 
in  a  general  northerly  and  southerly  direction  ;  all  have  a  dip  of  about 
forty  degrees,  and  all  are  contained  within  a  foot- wall  of  diorite  and  a 
hanging  wall  of  porphyry,  or  other  hard  rocks  resembling  them.  The 
veins  vary  in  width  and  quality  and  in  the  proportion  of  their  gold  to 
their  silver ;  but  all  are,  or  have  been,  so  extensive  in  the  production 
of  the  two  precious  metals  that  the  mind  can  with  difficulty  grasp  an 
adequate  conception  and  calculation  of  their  wealth. 

The  largest,  or  at  least  the  best  producer,  of  these  giant  mines  is  that 
of  Potosi  in  Bolivia,  South  America,  which  has  been  worked  some  three 
hundred  years  and  has  yielded  about  seventeen  hundred  millions  of 
dollars.  The  next  largest  is  that  of  Guanajuato  in  Mexico,  which  in 
about  the  same  length  of  time  has  yielded  twelve  hundred  millions  of 
dollars.  Next  is  that  of  Zacatecas  in  Mexico,  whose  yield  has  been 
about  eight  hundred  and  fifty  millions  of  dollars.  Next  to  that  is  San 
lyuis  Potosi  in  Mexico,  which  has  yielded  seven  hundred  and  fifty 
millions  ;  and,  following  that,  the  mines  of  Chihuahua,  with  a  yield  of 
five  hundred  millions.  The  last  of  these  giant  mimes — that  is,  the  last 
to  be  discovered  and  developed — is  the  Comstock  lolde  of  Nevada,  which, 
though  worked  for  only  about  thirty  years  as  against  the  three  hundred 
years  of  the  others,  has  already  yielded  four  hundred  millions  of  dollars. 
There  are  a  number  of  other  mines,  such  as  the  Tajo  at  Rosario  in  Sin- 
aloa,  and  the  Candelaria  in  Durango,  which  have  turned  out  from 
eighty  to  a  hundred  millions  each  ;  but  enormous  yielders  as  they  are, 
they  can  hardly  be  counted  in  the  family  of  the  giants  above  men- 
tioned. Nor  are  the  wide-spread,  life-giving  gold  mines  of  California, 
which  have  poured  out  their  hundreds  of  millions,  nor  those  of  Austra- 
lia, Venezuela,  Montana,  Utah,  Colorado  or  Arizona,  to  be  counted,  be- 
cause they  are  of  a  different  character,  usually  confined  to  one  metal, 
and  belong  to  a  separate  and  distinct  family. 

There  can  be  no  doubt  that  only  a  comparatively  few  of  the  great 
mines  of  the  world  have  as  yet  been  discovered,  or  in  other  words,  that 
the  unpenetrated  bowels  of  the  earth  are  richly  lined  with  undreamed 
of  treasures.  Unquestionably  between  Potosi  in  Bolivia  and  Virginia 
City  in  the  United  States,  and  probably  beyond  them  north  and  south, 
and  in  the  same  chain  of  mountains,  which  have  been  found  so  rich  in 
special  spots,  there  are  multitudinous  other  deposits  that  it  will  be  the 
business  of  future  enterprise  to  explore,  develop  and  turn  into  the  lap 
of  commerce.  That  this  is  so  appears  plain  from  the  fact  that  nearly 
every  one  of  the  giant  mines  referred  to  was  discovered  by  accident  and 


Author  of  The  History  of  California. 


THE    BIG    BONANZA 


215 


that,  except  in  the  few  places  where  precious  deposits  have  beeii  found 
lying  loose  in  out-croppings,  nothing  is  known  of  what  lies  beneath  the 
surface. 

It  is  of  course  well  understood  that  most  of  the  geological  formations 
of  the  earth's  crust  and  most  of  the  strata,  even  in  regions  where  mines 
are  found,  are  not  metalliferous.  But  within  certain  limits,  and  partic- 
ularly in  the  lines  of  similar  upheaval  and  disturbance,  between  local- 
ities where  great  mines  have  been  discovered,  and  also  in  places  of  anal- 
ogous formation  where  no  deposits  have  as  yet  been  unearthed,  there  is 
no  good  reason  why  there  should  not  be  bonanzas  as  great  as,  or  even 
greater  than,  any  so  far  reached. 


216 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


The  story  of  the  discovery  and  development  of  the  "  Big  Bonanza  " 
of  the  Comstock  lode  will  illustrate  how  little  was  known,  and  how  un- 
certain the  prospect  of  finding  anything  of  the  kind,  when  Mackay 
drifted  into  it,  and  at  the  same  time  how  richly  repaid  was  plucky  and 
persistent  endeavor,  guided  and  directed  by  good  sense  and  practical  in- 
telligence. It  appears  that  searching  for  gold  commenced  on  the  east- 
ern slope  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  in  very  early  mining  times.  There  were 
indistinct  rumors  that  Jedediah  S.  Smith,  the  first  American  overland 
visitor  to  California,  had  found  gold  somewhere  between  the  Sierra  and 


CM  Davis  Eng.  Co.  THE    BONANZA    KINGS. 

Wm.  S.  O'Brien.  J.  C.  Flood. 


Jas.  G.  Fair. 


J.  W.  Mackay. 


THE  BIG   BONANZA.  217 

Salt  Lake,  about  1826.  But  there  was  nothing  definite  on  the  subject  of 
mineral-bearing  ground  in  that  neighborhood  until  about  1849,  the  year 
after  the  great  discovery  in  California,  when  some  of  the  Mormons,  who 
contemplated  settlement  and  sojourned  for  a  while  in  Carson  Valley, 
washed  out  a  few  golden  grains  from  the  gravel  and  sand  of  one  of  its 
gulches.  This  led  to  further  examination,  and  it  was  soon  found  that 
there  was  gold,  though  in  small  quantity,  in  the  gulches  in  almost  every 
direction.  In  1850  a  few  of  the  restless  and  roving  miners  of  Califor- 
nia, known  as  "  prospectors,"  who  were  never  satisfied  with  **  good 
enough"  but  were  continually  hunting  for  **  something  better,"  crossed 
over  the  Sierra  summit  and  in  the  course  of  a  year  or  two  established 
mining  camps  on  the  southern  and  eastern  slopes  of  what  was  after- 
ward called  Mount  Davidson.  This  famous  mountain,  which  is  situ- 
ated some  ten  miles  a  little  north  of  east  from  the  northern  extremity 
of  Lake  Tahoe,  rises  to  a  height  of  seven  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
twenty-seven  feet  above  sea-level  and  constitutes  the  dominating  peak 
of  a  cluster  of  rough,  bare  and  desolate  highlands,  known  as  the 
Washoe  Mountains,  lying  a  few  miles  east  of  the  main  chain  of  the 
Sierra  Nevada  and  between  the  Truckee  river  on  the  northwest  and 
Carson  river  on  the  southeast.  From  the  summit  of  Mount  Davidson, 
which  is  some  six  or  seven  miles  from  the  nearest  point  on  Carson  river 
and  elevated  nearly  three  thousand  feet  above  it,  several  deep,  rugged 
and  tortuous  canons  take  their  rise,  the  most  important  of  which  are 
one  on  the  southerly  side  of  the  mountain,  known  as  Gold  Canon  and 
two  on  the  easterly  side  of  the  mountain,  known  as  Six-Mile  Canon 
and  Seven-Mile  Canon. 

All  the  prospectors  and  miners  who  had  gone  over  from  California  in 
the  earliest  'Fifties  confined  themselves  chiefly  to  Gold  Canon,  in  about 
the  middle  of  which,  and  some  four  miles  from  its  mouth  at  Carson 
river,  they  founded  a  little  village  called  Johntown.  These  men  were 
looking  for  placer  gold — that  is  to  say,  gold  that  could  be  washed  out  of 
the  gravels  and  sands  of  the  ravines — of  which  they  found  enough  to 
justify  their  sojourn  in  Gold  Caiion  ;  but  in  the  course  of  a  few  years 
others  found  considerable  gold  also  in  Six  Mile  Canon  on  the  other  side 
of  the  mountain.  As  a  matter  of  fact  the  metal  of  both  canons  had 
been  washed  down  from  the  decomposed  outcroppings  of  the  great 
ledges,  then,  as  yet,  undiscovered  and  unsuspected,  near  the  summit  of 
the  mountain  ;  and  the  natural  course  of  inquiry  and  investigation,  if  the 
miners  of  those  regions  at  that  time  had  been  active,  persistent  and  intel- 
ligent men,  would  have  led  them  up  the  canons  and  toward  the  sources 
from  which  the  precious  grains  of  the  ravines  had  been  washed  down. 
But  as  a  rule  those  very  early  gold-diggers  were  not  only  a  rough  but  an 
ignorant  set,  who  spent  most  of  their  time  in  hanging  around  the 
saloons  and  gambling  tables  of  Johntown.  They  seem  to  have  been 
well  represented  by  a  couple  of  loud-mouthed  and  rather  disreputable 
characters,  one  of  whom,  named  James  Fennimore,  was  usually  known 
as  **  Old  Virginia,"  and  the  other,  named  Henry  Comstock,  after  whom 
the  great  Mount  Davidson  vein  was  subsequently  improperly  called, 


2i8  LAND   OF  SUNSHINE. 

on  account  of  his  addiction  to  flap-jacks  as  much  more  easily  made 
than  bread,  enjoyed  the  common  sobriquet  of  "  Old  Pancake."  Men 
of  this  class  had  no  idea  of  silver.  It  is  reported  that  soon  after  their 
advent  in  the  region,  a  Mexican,  who  had  wandered  from  some  of  the 
argentiferous  provinces  of  the  southern  Cordillera,  attempted  to  con- 
vince them  that  the  mountain  contained  "mucha  plata  ;  "  but,  if  this 
was  so,  they  either  did  not  understand  or  did  not  believe  him.  As  they 
scraped  the  caiions  they  found  the  auriferous  gravel  becoming  darker 
and  more  difficult  to  work  on  account  of  what  they  sometimes  called 
**sand  of  iron,"  sometimes  "  lead"  and  sometimes  "heavy  blue  stufif," 
and  in  the  course  of  cleaning  out  their  sluices  many  an  execration  was 
heaped  upon  the  ** accursed  base  metal"  which  clogged  the  riffles  and 
with  fierce  maledictions  was  pitched  out  upon  the  reiuse  piles.  And 
even  when  they  found  that,  in  ascending  the  canons,  the  gold  became 
of  less  and  less  value  on  account  of  the  increasing  percentage  of  silver 
that  was  mixed  with  it,  they  could  not  understand  or  appreciate  what 
that  significant  fact  meant. 

But  there  were  a  couple  of  Pennsylvania  boys,  named  Hosea  Ballou 
Grosh  and  Ethan  Allen  Grosh,  who  were  of  different  caliber.  They 
were  brothers,  sons  of  a  Universalist  clergyman,  fairly  well  educated, 
intelligent,  industrious,  sober  and  honest.  They  had  emigrated  to 
California  in  1849,  settled  and  worked  at  mining  in  El  Dorado  county, 
and  in  1851,  in  the  search  for  something  better  than  they  had, 
crossed  the  Sierra  and  prospected  in  Carson  Valley.  Liking  the  general 
appearance  of  the  mining  ground,  they  returned  in  1853  and  camped 
in  Gold  Canon.  There  they  found  native  silver,  which  showed  itself  in 
thin  sheets,  broken  very  fine,  and  resembling  lead,  which  the  ordinary 
miners  took  it  to  be.  Following  up  the  indications  they  discovered 
several  veins  of  silver  ore,  one  of  which  seems  to  have  been  at  the 
forks  of  Gold  Canon  and  another  at  Sugar  Loaf  in  Six-Mile  Canon. 
But,  unfortunately,  the  Grosh  brothers,  having  no  capital,  were  com- 
pelled to  rely  for  their  necessary  supplies  upon  such  small  quantities 
of  gold  as  they  could  gather  in  their  prospecting  expeditions  and  thus 
barely  eked  out  a  living.  In  the  autumn  of  1854,  on  account  of  want 
of  proper  means  to  meet  the  rigors  of  another  winter  in  the  Washoe 
mountains,  they  went  back  to  their  old  camp  near  Mud  Springs,  in  El 
Dorado  county,  California,  but  in  the  spring  of  1855,  full  of  enthusiasm 
for  their  discoveries  on  Mount  Davidson,  they  returned  there  and  re- 
sumed investigations.  In  the  course  of  the  next  two  years  they  made 
several  locations,  all  of  which  afterward  proved  to  be  on  the  Comstock 
lode.  By  the  end  of  that  time  they  were  certain  of  the  value  of  their 
discovery.  Evidence  exists  in  the  shape  of  letters  written  in  1857  that 
one  of  their  veins  produced  quantities  of  a  soft,  easily-worked  rock, 
containing  silver  ores  of  violet-blue,  indigo-blue,  blue-black  and  green- 
black  colors,  and  that  a  rough  assay  of  it  indicated  a  yield  at  the  rate 
of  thirty-five  hundred  dollars  per  ton — a  value  which  seemed  to  them 
incredible,  but  which  they  were  convinced  proved  beyond  any  doubt 
the  great  wealth  of  their  discovery.     But  just  as  they  were  thus  upon 


THE   BIG   BONANZA.  219 

the  threshold,  so  to  speak,  of  an  unlimited  fortune,  Hosea,  on  August 
19,  1857,  while  at  work  prospecting,  accidentally  struck  his  pickaxe 
through  one  of  his  feet,  and  the  consequence  was  that  blood-poisoning 
set  in,  and  on  September  2  he  died.  His  brother,  Ethan  Allen,  after 
somewhat  recovering  from  the  sad  blow  he  had  thus  sustained,  at- 
tempted in  November  to  return  for  the  winter  as  usual  to  the  milder  cli- 
mate of  California.  But  he  was  overtaken  on  the  summit  of  the  Sierra 
by  a  snowstorm.  On  account  of  the  delay  occasioned  by  the  storm,  he 
ran  out  of  provisions.  By  killing  his  mule  he  managed  to  subsist,  but 
he  could  not  escape  the  terrible  cold,  and  both  his  legs  were  frozen  to 
above  the  knees.  Though  finally  rescued,  and  though  his  legs  were  am- 
putated, it  was  too  late.  He  died  on  December  19,  1857,  only  a  few 
months  after  his  ill-fated  brother. 

After  the  death  of  the  Grosh  boys,  little  or  nothing  was  for  some 
time  heard  or  known  about  silver  on  Mount  Davidson.  That  they  had 
been  aware  of  a  large  argentiferous  deposit  in  the  mountain  there  can 
be  no  doubt ;  but  they  were  not  talkative.  On  the  contrary  they  were 
very  reserved  and  kept  their  business  strictly  to  themselves.  Had  they 
or  either  of  them  lived  a  year  or  two  longer,  the  history  of  the  Washoe 
mines  would  have  been  entirely  different.  But  when  they  died,  no  one 
knew  or  appreciated  their  discoveries ;  and  mining  affairs  in  the  canons 
and  gulches  of  Mount  Davidson  went  on  in  the  same  slip-shod  manner 
as  they  had  gone  on  in  the  times  of  the  first  prospectors.  It  was  subse- 
quently rumored  that  Ethen  Allen  Grosh,  when  he  started  on  his  fatal 
trip  to  return  to  California  in  November,  1857,  left  his  cabin  in  charge 
of  Henry  Comstock,  then  a  comparative  newcomer  in  the  mines,  and 
that  Comstock  learned  of  the  Grosh  discovery  from  papers  of  the 
Grosh  boys  found  in  the  cabin.  But  whether  this  was  so  or  not  (and  ^ 
the  probabilities  are  against  the  truth  of  the  rumor),  nothing  was  said 
about  silver  deposits  and  nothing  was  done  indicating  any  knowledge  of 
them  for  several  years  further.  The  old  miners  still  devoted  themselves 
to  washing  the  gravels  and  sands  of  the  bars  and  flats  for  gold,  bewail- 
ing the  deterioration  of  its  quality  as  they  ascended  in  their  workings 
toward  the  higher  ridges  and  cursing  the  **  heavy  blue  stuff"  that  inter- 
fered with  their  gains. 

One  day  in  the  spring  of  1859,  Old  Virginia,  in  prospecting  on  the 
ridge  east  of  Gold  Caiion,  upon  casting  his  eyes  across  the  deep  gulch, 
was  attracted  by  a  peculiar  looking  mound,  and  upon  going  to  it,  with 
several  others,  a  few  days  afterward,  struck  earth,  some  of  it  in  a 
gopher  hole,  which,  on  being  washed,  proved  rich  in  gold.  It  was  still 
richer  in  the  "blue  stuff"  that  had  bothered  them  so  much  lower  down 
the  mountain  ;  but,  on  account  of  the  gold,  they  staked  out  placer 
claims  of  fifty  feet  each— the  limit  allowed  by  the  mining  laws  of  the 
district — and  Old  Virginia,  as  the  discoverer,  was  allowed  to  take  first 
choice.  After  working  a  short  time  they  found  that  they  had  struck 
upon  a  rich  locality  ;  and,  as  usual  on  such  occasions,  they  com- 
menced hunting  a  name  for  it,  and  finally  settled  upon  Gold  Hill.  It 
proved  to  be  the  wash  and  detritus  of  the  south  end  of  what  was  after- 


220  LAND    OF  SUNSHINE. 

ward  known  as  the  Comstock  lode.  Comstock  himself  subsequently 
claimed  to  have  been  the  discoverer,  and  urged  his  claims  with  efifusive 
volubility ;  but  the  facts  seem  to  have  been  against  him.  However  this 
may  have  been,  most  of  the  Johntown  residents  abandoned  their 
shanties  there  and  moved  to  Gold  Hill,  where  the  search  for  gold  con- 
tinued to  be  rewarded  with  reasonable  returns. 

About  the  same  time,  two  Irish  miners  named  Peter  O'Reilly  and  Pat- 
rick McLaughltn,  old  residents  of  Johntown,  who  had  been  prospect- 
ing without  any  great  success  in  what  was  known  as  Six-Mile  Canon  on 
the  east  side  of  Mount  Davidson,  some  five  or  six  miles  north  from  Gold 
Hill,  in  a  desperate  effort  to  make  enough  to  leave  the  region,  selected 
ground  higher  up  the  mountain  than  all  the  other  claims,  and  near  a 
spring  known  as  "Old  Man  Caldwell's,"  where  they  struck  earth  that 
paid  reasonably  well  in  gold,  but  carried  more  than  common  of  the 
black  and  blue  stuff  that  had  caused  so  much  trouble  and  disappoint- 
ment. As  a  matter  of  fact  they  had  struck  the  top  of  the  Ophir  mine 
at  the  north  end  of  the  Comstock  lode.  It  was  an  outcropping  of  the 
mighty  fissure  vein,  which  extended  from  the  black  mound  of  the 
Ophir  to  the  black  mound  of  the  Gold  Hill.  The  surface  of  it  was 
composed  of  decomposed  quartz,  carrying  a  remunerative  amount  of 
free  gold,  which  was  all  they  were  after,  and  a  very  large  amount  of 
the  black  and  blue  matter,  supposed  to  be  base  metal,  which 
was  thrown  out  of  the  pans,  cradles  and  sluices,  and  made  long,  black 
refuse  heaps  wherever  claims  were  worked.  While  O'Reilly  and  Mc- 
Laughlin were  engaged  in  washing  out  the  first  dirt  at  the  spring,  Com- 
stock, who  happened  to  be  in  the  neighborhood,  rode  up,  and,  noticing 
the  find,  at  once  laid  claim  to  the  spring  and  ground,  stating  that 
he  and  one  Penrod  had  bought  out  Old  Man  Caldwell  and  that  he  had 
also  located  a  stock  range  over  all  that  part  of  the  mountain.  He  in- 
sisted, therefore,  that  O'Reilly  and  McLaughlin  should  take  Penrod  and 
himself  in  as  equal  partners  in  their  discovery  ;  and,  after  some  contro- 
versy, in  which  Comstock  very  successfully  played  what  is  usually  called 
the  game  of  bluff,  they,  having  no  idea  of  the  extraordinary  value  of  what 
they  had  found,  consented  to  his  demands.  As  a  matter  of  fact  Com- 
stock does  not  appear  to  have  had  a  particle  of  right  to  the  ground  ;  he 
owned  nothing  ;  he  had  found  nothing;  but  to  hear  him  talk,  he  was 
the  owner  of  everything  in  sight ;  and  he  afterward  claimed  that  he 
had  given  Sandy  Bowers,  Joe  Plato  and  nearly  all  the  other  old  miners, 
who  suddenly  found  themselves  rich  by  having  locations  between  Cald- 
well's spring  on  the  north  and  Gold  Hill  on  the  south,  their  respective 
claims.  He  had  so  much  to  say  about  himself  and  made  so  much  noise 
that  people  began  to  tell  of  him  as  the  most  important  man  in  the  re- 
gion ;  and  it  was  for  this  reason  that  the  new  discovery  got  to  be  known 
by  his  name. 

The  auriferous  earth  struck  by  O'Reilly  and  McLaughlin  was  a  streak 
only  some  six  inches  deep  on  the  slope  of  the  mountain.  They  fol- 
lowed it  up  hill,  and  suddenly,  on  June  10,  1859,  found  that  the  pay 
dirt  turned  and  went  into  the  mountain.      It  seems  to  have  increased  in 


THE   BIG    BONANZA.  221 

richness  of  free  gold  as  they  advanced,  as  it  also  did  in  the  blue  stuflf  or 
supposed  base  metal ;  but  when  the  deposit  was  found  to  turn  into  the 
mountain  their  supposition  was  that  the  mine  was  about  to  come  to  an 
end  and  that  they  would  have  to  seek  elsewhere  if  they  expected  to 
keep  up  the  supply  of  bacon  and  slap-jacks  in  their  cabins.  It  is  true 
they  were  each  taking  out  several  hundred  dollars'  worth  of  gold  dust  a 
day  ;  they  had  formed  a  camp  which  they  sometimes  called  Mount 
Pleasant  Point,  sometimes  Ophir  Diggings  and  finally  Virginia  City.  And 
the  fame  of  the  new  gold  find  spread  far  and  wide  ;  but  no  one  had  any 
idea  of  the  magazine  of  wealth  under  their  feet.  They  had  on  that 
June  10,  1859,  when  they  found  the  pay  dirt  turning  into  the  mountain, 
struck  the  greatest,  richest,  most  extraordinary  metalliferous  vein  in  the 
United  States  and  perhaps  in  the  world.  But  it  was  much  more  as  a 
silver  vein  than  a  gold  vein  ;  it  was,  so  to  speak,  a  repetition  of  the 
marvelous  veins  of  Mexico  and  not  improbably  as  rich,  and  perhaps 
richer  than  any  of  the  Mexican  **  vetas  ;  "  but  there  was  not  one  among 
the  miners  there  that  had  any  idea  of  silver  or  knew  its  ores  when  they 
saw  them.  There  was  not  a  Grosh  in  the  whole  company,  nor  even  a 
person  of  sufficient  intelligence  and  energy  to  make  inquiry  as  to 
what  the  obstructing  blue  stuff,  that  gave  so  much  trouble  and  occa- 
sioned so  many  maledictions  when  pitched  out  among  the  tailings,  really 
was. 

About  the  time  that  the  streak  of  pay  dirt  before  mentioned  was  found 
to  turn  into  the  mountain,  or  in  other  words,  when  the  vein  from  which 
the  pay  dirt  in  the  form  of  decomposed  metalliferous  quartz  had  been 
washed  down,  was  struck,  there  happened  to  be  present  an  old  resident 
of  Nevada  City,  in  California,  by  the  name  of  John  F.  Stone.  Though 
he  knew  as  little  as  the  Mount  Davidson  miners  about  silver,  his  atten- 
tion was  attracted  by  the  hard,  blue  stuff  that  had  given  so  much 
trouble  and  that  lay  around  in  great  and  ugly-looking,  dark  masses  on 
every  side  ;  and  being  of  a  somewhat  inquisitive  mind,  he  gathered  up  a 
bagful  or  two  of  specimens  and  carried  them  over  to  Nevada  City.  There 
they  were  subjected  to  the  examination  of  two  skillful  assayers,  one  J.  J. 
Ott  of  Nevada  City  and  the  other  Melville  Attwood  of  Grass  Valley  ;  and 
both  concurred  in  pronouncing  them  ore  of  extraordinary  value,  indicat- 
ing a  yield  of  at  least  fifteen  hundred  and  ninety-five  dollars  worth  of 
gold  and  thirty-one  hundred  and  ninety-six  dollars  worth  of  silver  to 
the  ton.  The  result  of  course  was  a  tremendous  excitement.  A  num- 
ber of  enterprising  men  at  once  started  over  the  Sierra  Nevada  on  a 
race  for  the  new  mines,  and  they  certainly  let  no  grass  grow  under 
their  feet  as  they  pressed  forward  for  first  chances.  On  July  1,  1859,  the 
first  newspaper  notice  of  the  discovery  was  published  in  the  Nevada 
Journal,  and  within  a  very  short  time  afterward  there  occurred  a 
regular  mining  **  rush,"  which  spread  to  a  great  extent  over  all  of 
California  ;  and  it  may  be  added  that  it  was  the  first  and  only  one  of  the 
great  California  rushes  of  the  early  days,  including  Gold  Lake,  Gold 
Bluff,  Kern  River  and  Fraser  River,  that  was  justified  by  the  facts. 

The  new  adventurers  who  thus  crowded  into  the  Washoe  mines  im- 


222  LAND   OF  SUNSHINE. 

mediately  commenced  buying  up  claims,  and  it  did  not  take  long  before 
all  the  old  set  not  only  disposed  of  their  interests  but  chuckled  over 
the  manner  in  which  they  had  palmed  off  what  they  considered  the 
almost  exhausted  placers  upon  the  gullible  Californians.  Old  Virginia, 
for  instance,  sold  out  at  Gold  Hill  for  about  fifty  dollars  a  foot,  and  all 
his  companions  of  that  part  of  Mount  Davidson  at  about  the  same  rate. 
They  all  soon  spent  or  lost  the  money  they  thus  made,  and  died  poor. 
Old  Virginia,  while  on  a  prolonged  spree,  which  seems  to  have  been 
maintained  on  the  proceeds  of  his  sale,  was  thrown  from  a  horse  and 
killed.  Of  the  discoverers  on  the  other,  or  north  end  of  the  great  vein, 
Mclvaughlin  sold  out  for  thirty-five  hundred  dollars,  Penrod  for  eighty- 
five  hundred,  and  O'Reilly,  who  held  on  longer,  managed  to  get  forty 
thousand ;  but  ail  died  paupers  a  few  years  afterward.  As  for  Com- 
stock,  or  "Old  Pancake,"  who  claimed  to  have  owned  the  whole  coun- 
try, and  subsequently  boasted  of  having  given  the  Savage  mine  to 
"Old  Man  Savage"  and  the  Gould  and  Curry  mine  to  "Old  Daddy  Cur- 
ry," sold  out  all  his  interests  on  Mount  Davidson  for  eleven  thousand 
dollars,  which  he  soon  lost.  He  then  began  prospecting  again  and 
wandered  off  into  Montana  where  a  few  years  afterward  he  committed 
suicide.  A  number  of  the  very  early  adventurers,  among  them  Sandy 
Bowers  and  Joe  Plato,  got  rich  in  spite  of  themselves,  as  it  were ;  but 
in  a  few  years  their  money  was  also  dissipated  in  the  most  reckless  and 
absurd  extravagance,  which  very  conclusively  proved  that  for  such  men 
— and  there  are  many  others  of  the  same  kind  in  almost  every  walk  of 
life — there  cannot  befall  a  greater  misfortune  than  a  great  fortune. 

[to  be  conci^dded.] 


The  Quarry  Foreman 


BY  CLOUDESLEY  JOHNS. 


j^rtHK  sun  was  still  shining  on  the  plain  ;  but  the  road,  which 

\       wound  in  and  out  among  the  great  sandstone  bould- 

^  ers,  was  in  the  deepest  shadow,  for  it  grows  dark  early 
in  Rocky  Canon,  where  the  black  hills  rise  like  walls  on  each 
side. 

From  the  distance  came  faintly  the  sound  of  an  enormous 
brake-block  scraping  against  the  wheel.  One  of  the  quarry 
teamsters  was  making  a  late  trip. 

A  buggy  coming  from  the  opposite  direction  turned  out 
among  the  rocks  as  the  ponderous  wagon,  loaded  with  four 
tons  of  cut  brown-stone,  came  in  sight  around  a  curve. 

"  That  you,  Elliot  ?  " 

''Hello  Jim;  where  to?" 

**  Steve's.     You're  out  late." 

**  Yes,  it'll  be  late  when  I  get  to  the  spur,  but  the  Old  Man 
wanted  this  rock  down  so's  to  ship  tomorrow." 

'  *  Then  it  had  to  come  ;  I  know  Jackson.     Remember  when 


THE   QUARRY  FOREMAN  223 

he  killed  those  two  fellows  ?  He  couldn't  wait  till  they  were 
down  before  he  started  the  loaded  car, ' ' 

**  No,  that  was  before  I  came  ;  I  heard  about  it,  though. 
Both  good  men  they  were,  and  married  too  ;  had  to  die  just  be- 
cause Jackson  was  in  a  hurry." 

**  Ever  hear  what  he  said  when  he  found  they  were  dead  ?  " 

"Don't  believe  I  did." 

"  *  Short-handed  again  ;  why  the  hell  didn't  they  jump  ?  '  " 

"  He  ought  to  be  shot!  " 

"  Hung,  you  mean  !  But  I  mustn't  keep  you,  Elliot,  you'll 
be  late  enough  anyhow  ;  good-bye." 

**  So  long,  Jim." 

The  buggy  was  soon  out  of  sight,  but  the  wagon  hadn't 
gone  far  when  a  man  came  from  the  chaparral,  which  grew 
thickly  along  the  road,  leading  a  horse  by  the  bridle. 

"Ought  to  be  shot !  "  he  said,  and  smiled.  Mounting,  he 
rode  after  the  buggy. 

Jackson  sat  in  front  of  the  boarding-house.  He  looked 
pleased,  as  if  the  world  was  being  run  to  suit  him  that  morn- 
ing. Suddenly  his  expression  changed  ;  he  had  seen  a  horse- 
man coming  up  the  trail. 

"  What  do  you  want  here,  Benton  ?  "  he  asked,  frowning. 

"  I  would  like  to  speak  to  you  a  few  minutes  if  you  have 
time." 

"I  haven't  time." 

"But  it's  important,  Mr.  Jackson  !  " 

" To  you,  perhaps  ;  it  wouldn't  interest  me." 

"  One  of  your  teamsters — " 

"  Is  something  you  will  never  be." 

"  One  of  your  teamsters  is  talking  about  shooting  you. 

"  Then  I  am  in  no  danger  from  him." 

*  *  Do  you  want  to  know  who  it  is  ?  " 

"No." 

"It's  Elliot  Spears." 

"  Ah,  ha  !  you're  a  liar,  I  see,  as  well  as  a  sneak  and  coward. 
Elliot  might  do  it,  so  he  is  not  the  one  who  would  talk  about 
it. ' '    He  picked  up  a  shot-gun  which  leaned  against  the  building. 

"  Mr.  Benton,"  he  continued,  "do  you  see  that  manzanita  ?  " 

"Yes,  sir,"  answered  Benton  uneasily. 

"It  is  just  out  of  range  ;  if  your  bronco's  any  good  you 
have  time  to  reach  it,  for  I  shall  not  shoot  for  ten  seconds  ; 
good-bye." 

Benton  was  well  out  of  range,  yet  he  gave  a  yell  of  terror 
when  Jackson  fired. 

Six  miles  down  the  canon  he  met  Spears.  "Good  morning, 
Elliot,"  he  said. 

"  Yes,  very  nice ;  been  up  to  get  some  one  fired,  so  you  can 
get  on?" 


224  LAND   OF  SUNSHINE. 

**  You  can  put  it  how  you  choose  ;  I  am  going  to  drive  that 
team  tomorrow.  Next  time  you  talk  about  killing  the  foreman 
look  out  who  you're  talking  to  ;  Jim  Watson  told  me  about  it. 
Jackson  said  he  was  glad  of  a  chance  to  get  rid  of  you." 

While  speaking  he  had  got  rather  close  to  the  wagon  ; 
Spears'  black-snake  swung  in  the  air  and  the  buckskin  lash 
drew  blood  from  Benton's  face.  Again  the  whip  whirled  ; 
this  time  it  struck  the  bronco  which  plunged  wildly,  threw  its 
rider  and  dashed  down  the  canon. 

"Good-bye,  Benton,"  said  Spears  cheerfully;  '*you  can 
think  up  some  lies  to  tell  about  that  face  of  yours,  while  you're 
walking  home." 

When  Spears  drove  up  to  the  piles  of  cut  stone,  Jackson  said 
hurriedly  : 

"  Put  on  nine  thousand,  KHiot,  and  rush  it  through  ;  you've 
got  to  haul  two  loads  again  today  ;  "  and  he  was  gone  before 
Spears  had  the  time  to  protest. 

The  wagon  was  loaded,  and  the  teamster  was  about  to  start 
his  horses,  when  the  sound  of  a  muffled  explosion  came  from 
the  quarries. 

"Blasting  already!"  exclaimed  Spears;  **he  must  have 
kept  those  drillers  on  the  j  ump. ' ' 

Jackson  ran  up,  excited  for  once  in  his  life.  * '  That  new 
man  lit  the  short  fuse  first ! "  he  gasped.  "  Twenty  sticks  in 
the  other  hole  ;  fuse  covered  ;  my  best  drillers  in  there.  Come  ! 
Those  cowards  won't  go  in." 

When  the  two  men  reached  the  cut  they  found  that  two  of 
the  drillers  had  crawled  out. 

"  We  might  do  with  these,"  said  the  foreman,  looking  at 
them  doubtfully.  "No,  that's  the  new  man,"  he  added; 
"he's  no  good;  let's  get  the  others;'*  and  he  went  into  the 
cut,  followed  by  Spears. 

Several  seconds  passed  ;  the  teamster  came  out  of  the  smoke, 
carrying  one  of  the  unconscious  men ;  then  he  went  back  to 
where  Jackson  was  working  like  a  demon  at  the  debris  which 
covered  another  of  the  men ;  he  dragged  him  loose  as  Spears 
reached  him. 

"  Take  him  out.  Hill's  in  there  ;  I  must  get  him  ;  he's  the 
best  driller  in  the  quarries. " 

Spears  had  started  back  to  help  the  foreman  with  the  last 
man  when  the  second  blast  went  oflF.  There  was  no  danger 
now,  and  the  men  ran  into  the  cut.  Jackson  had  come  nearly 
out  with  Hill  in  his  arms.  Both  were  unconscious,  but  the 
cold  air  revived  the  foreman. 

"Where's  that  new  driller  ?  "  heasked,  weakly.  "  Tell  him 
to  go  to  the  office  and  get  his  time.  Tell  Halstead  to  try  to 
get  Hewett  from  Belton's  quarries;  he's  the  best  man  in  the 
State  now.     Don't  quit  hauling;  there's  plenty  of  rock  down 


EARLY   CALIFORNIA.  225 

to  last  a  week  yet,  and  I  want — "  His  head  dropped  back 
and  his  eyes  glazed.  He  had  saved  three  lives,  and  given  up 
his  own — all  for  the  quarries — the  quarries  which  were  his  only 
God. 

•  Early  California, 

UNPUBLISHED    DOCUMENTS-THE    VICEROY'S    REPORT 
CONTINUED 

CONTINUATION  of  the  report  of  the  Viceroy  of  Mexico,  the 
Count  of  Revilla  Gigedo,  on  the  history  of  California  from 
1768  to  1793,  follows  : 

Sixth  £xploration  of  duan  de  Fuca  Strait. 

160.  Although  the  reconnoisances  of  Juan  de  Fuca  strait  were  begun 
in  1 789,  very  little  was  accomplished  by  the  first  made  in  the  same  year 
at  the  order  of  don  Estevdn  Martinez  ;  somewhat  more  by  the  second 
under  the  first  ensign,  don  Manuel  Quimper,  in  1790,  with  the  bilander 
"Princesa  Real,"  and  in  the  third  expedition,  made  in  1791,  the 
schooner  **  Saturnina,"  which  accompanied  the  dispatch  boat  **San 
Carlos,"  commanded  by  the  lieutenant  of  the  first  class,  don  Francisco 
Eliza,  penetrated  as  far  as  the  great  channel  called  Our  Lady  of  the 
Rosary. 

161.  These  few  facts  were  already  known  at  the  time  I  received  the 
royal  order  of  May  28,  1791,  commanding  me  that  a  minute  examination 
of  said  strait  should  be  made  under  all  circumstances,  for  the  purpose  of 
ascertaining  if  any  of  its  channels  communicated  with  either  Hudson's 
or  Baflan'sbay. 

162.  To  comply  with  this  superior  mandate,  I  issued  instantly  orders 
that  one  of  the  best  schooners,  which  had  just  been  built  in  San  Bias, 
should  be  fitted  out  and  start,  well-manned,  provided  with  tackle,  gear 
and  rigging,  sails,  arms,  good  provisions,  medicines  and  anti-scorbutics, 
sufficient  for  one  year's  navigation. 

163.  I  placed  the  vessel  in  charge  of  the  lieutenant  of  the  second 
class,  don  Francisco  Antonio  de  Maurelle,  giving  him  clear  instructions 
that  he  should  begin  his  explorations  in  Juan  de  Fuca  strait,  keep  them 
up  following  the  coast  to  the  South,  and  this  with  such  carefulness  that 
he  should  not  leave  a  channel,  river  or  bay  without  examining  it  scrup- 
ulously until  he  reached  either  the  port  of  San  Francisco  or  Monterey  ; 
and  that  after  having  rested  his  crew  and  taken  in  fresh  supplies,  if  this 
should  be  necessary,  he  should  start  out  again,  sailing  up  to  56°  for  the 
purpose  of  going  from  there  down  a  second  time  to  Fuca,  verifying  his 
reconnoisances,  so  that  either  the  supposed  communication  between 
the  two  oceans  should  be  found,  or  absolute  proof  furnished  that  no 
such  passage  existed  on  those  coasts. 

164.  At  the  time  Maurelle  was  preparing  to  leave  San  Bias  on  his 
commission,  the  commander  of  the  corvettes  **  Descubierta "  and 
"Atrevida,"  don  Alejandro  Malaspina,  proposed  to  me  sure  measures  for 
obtaining  the  desired  object,  which  were  to  entrust  the  exploration  to 
the  frigate  captains,  don  Dionisio  Galiano  and  don  Cayetano  Valdes,  and 
to  use  for  this  expedition  the  new  schooners  "Mexicana"  and  **Sutil." 

165.  Malaspina  informed  me  that  it  would  be  convenient  to  send 
both  of  these  vessels  to  Acapulco,  where  the  artisans  of  the  corvettes 
could  do  what  extra  work  might  be  required  on  them,  and  where  the 
vessels  could  be  fitted  out  with  everything  to  satisfaction  of  their  com- 


Begun  in  June  number 


226  LAND    OF  SUNSHINE, 

manders.  He  also  notified  me,  that  some  experienced  sailors,  forming 
part  of  the  corvettes'  companies,  would  be  assigned  to  the  schooners, 
and  that  everything,  which  might  possibly  be  required  for  accomplish- 
ing the  object  in  view,  would  be  furnished. 

166.  I  at  once  agreed  to  these  wise  propositions ;  they  were  carried 
out  in  due  time,  and  March  9,  1792,  the  two  schooners  left  Acapulco  on 
their  mission.  The  captains  carried  detailed  instructions  from  the 
commander  of  the  corvettes,  which  I  transmitted  to  them  with  others  of 
mine,  wherein  I  ordered  what  should  be  done  in  case  the  communica- 
tion between  the  Pacific  and  Atlantic  should  be  discovered,  either  by 
one  of  the  channels  of  Fuca  or  by  any  of  those  indicated  in  the  notices 
of  the  English  captain  Mears  relating  to  the  discoveries  made  by  the 
"Lady  Washington  "  and  "Princess  Royal."  Finally  I  charged  these 
officers  specially  with  ascertaining  the  true  limits  of  the  continent  and 
the  extension  to  the  Bast  of  the  archipelago  running  from  48°  to  56° 
latitude  North. 

167.  The  schooners  made  their  trip  from  Acapulco  to  Nutka  in  sixty- 
three  days,  without  any  other  incident  occurring  than  the  breaking  of 
the  main  mast  of  "La  Mexicana"  on  April  14,  in  28°  lat.  North  and  271° 
long.  (Cadiz).  This  mishap  might  have  impaired  the  success  of  the  ex- 
pedition if  the  activity,  well  known  seamanship  and  spirited  direction  of 
the  vessel's  commander,  don  Cayetano  Vald^z,  had  not  immediately 
remedied  this  defect. 

168.  It  was  necessary  to  repair  the  damage  at  Nutka,  to  clean  and 
grease  the  bottoms  of  the  schooners,  for  which  purpose  they  were 
beached,  and  to  make  some  other  necessary  repairs.  This  work  lasted 
until  June  2. 

1 69.  On  that  day  both  vessels  sailed  for  Fuca  straits  ;  arrived  there  ; 
set  sail  again  on  the  5th  of  next  month  ;  on  the  1 1  th  they  already  navi- 
gated in  the  great  channel  of  Our  Lady  of  the  Rosary  ;  on  the  1 3th  they 
met  the  English  vessels  of  Vancouver's  expedition,  which,  however,  did 
not  join  ours  until  the  21st. 

170.  The  two  expeditions  kept  in  friendly  company  until  July  13th, 
when  it  was  decided  to  continue  the  reconnoisances  by  different  channels; 
then  the  English  separated  going  to  the  South  Sea  in  51°,  and  our  vessels 
in  50°52^  on  August  25  without  having  abandoned  the  continent. 

171.  A  heavy  storm  compelled  them  to  return  to  the  coast  and  seek 
refuge  in  an  excellent  harbor  discovered  by  "La  Sutil ''  and  called 
Valdez.  There  they  remained  until  the  29th,  on  which  day,  taking  up 
again  their  course,  the  vessels  were  enabled  to  fix  the  coast  between 
capes  Scot  and  Frondoso.  At  11  a.  m.,  Aug.  31,  the  schooners  entered 
Nutka,  eighty-seven  days  having  passed  since  they  sailed  out  of  the 
same  port. 

172.  This  exploration  and  the  one  made  by  the  English,  proved  abso- 
lutely that  the  channels,  mouths  and  gulfs  of  Juan  de  Fuca  do  not  lead 
to  Hudson's  or  Baffin's  bays  ;  that  this  strait  is  inhabitated  by  numerous 
Indian  tribes  which  have  the  best  mediums  for  the  fur  trade  ;  that  sev- 
eral errors  made  in  our  first  expeditions  have  been  corrected,  and  that  no 
necessity  exists  for  again  exploring  the  mentioned  strait. 

173.  The  schooners  set  out  on  their  return  voyage  Sept.  1st;  ap- 
proached the  coast  in  47°20''  ;  reconnoitered  the  mouth  of  Ezeta  [Col- 
umbia river],  crossing  its  channel  in  four  and  a  half  fathoms  of  water. 
They  noticed  three  small  inlets  which  seemed  to  be  rivers,  but  owing  to 
the  heavy  seas  could  effect  no  landing. 

1 74.  On  the  1 1  th  they  were  off  Cape  Diligencia.  The  force  of  the  con- 
trary winds  drove  the  schooners  from  the  coast;  and  although  they  sighted 
Cape  Mendocino  and  the  Farallones  of  the  harbor  of  San  Francisco, 
they  could  not  approach  until  they  finally  dropped  anchor  in  the  port 
of  Monterey,  Sept.  23.  There  the  schooners  remained  until  Oct.  26, 
finishing  their  voyage  Nov.  23  in  San  Bias. 


EARLY   CALIFORNIA,  227 

175.  With  my  letter  No.  121,  of  Nov.  30,  of  the  same  year,  I  for- 
warded to  the  department  in  charge  of  Your  Excellency,  a  copy  of  the 
extract  of  the  reconnoisances  made  by  the  schooners  in  the  Straits  of 
Juan  de  Fuca  until  their  return  to  Nutka,  accompanying  it  with  a  chart 
which  for  the  present  is  only  useful  for  conveying  a  general  idea,  until 
the  frigate  captain,  don  Dionisio  Galiano  shall  finish  the  general  chart 
giving  full  details,  in  the  preparation  of  which  he  is  now  engaged,  and 
I  shall  transmit  same  to  Your  Excellency  as  soon  as  said  ofl&cer  delivers 
it  to  me. 

Seventh  Exploration  of  the  Bucareli  Archipelago  by  don 
Jacinto  Oaamauo. 

176.  The  frigate  *' Aranzazu"  which  left  San  Bias  March  20,  1792, 
loaded  with  supplies  for  Nutka,  arrived  there  May  14,  and  sailed  again 
June  13,  for  the  purpose  of  repeating  the  reconnoisance  of  that  part  of 
the  coast  lying  between  Nutka  and  latitude  v55°15'  north. 

177.  The  vessel  arrived  within  twelve  days  at  Bucareli.  There  it  re- 
mained reconnoitering  different  points,  channels  and  gulfs  of  that 
archipelago,  until  August  31,  date  on  which  it  started  out  on  the  return 
voyage,  arriving  at  Nutka  Sept.  7. 

178.  The  diary  of  this  navigation  contains  many  incidents  which  oc- 
curred with  Indians  who  came  to  trade  and  barter  with  our  people,  but 
does  not  add  any  important  fact  to  the  exploration  made  in  1779,  and 
although,  owing  to  it,  a  few  corrections  were  made  on  the  chart,  no  ab- 
solute certainty  was  obtained  in  reference  to  the  existence  or  non-ex- 
istence of  a  passage  between  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  oceans. 

Proposal  of  the  Commander  Cuadra  to  Repeat  the 
Explorations  to  Hig-her  Latitudes. 

179.  For  this  reason  and  because  the  schooners  "  Mexican  a  "  and 
**  Sutil  "  did  not  have  time  to  extend  their  explorations  to  higher  lati- 
tudes, the  commander  of  the  department  of  San  Blas^  don  Juan  Fran- 
cisco de  la  Bodega,  proposed  to  me  to  send  out  a  new  formal  expedition 
for  the  purpose  of  making  a  minute  reconnoisance. 

180.  I  keep  this  matter  in  abeyance  until  a  more  convenient  time, 
because  I  believe  that  for  the  present  it  is  most  important  to  make  a 
very  careful  examination  of  the  coastline  from  48°  latitude  north  down 
to  the  harbor  of  San  Francisco,  and  to  occupy  formally  the  port  of  La 
Bodega,  situated  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  first  and  in  latitude 
38°  18^ 

Measures  Taken  for  Occupying  the  Port  of  JjSl  Bodega 
and  for  Reconnoitering  the  Coast  up  to  Fuca. 

181.  For  the  object  of  this  occupation,  the  schooner  "  Sutil,"  under 
the  command  of  the  ensign  of  the  first  class,  don  Juan  Bautista  Matute, 
has  already  left  San  Bias,  and  I  have  issued  explicit  and  exemplary 
orders  to  the  governor  of  the  Californias  for  opening  an  overland  road 
between  San  Francisco  and  La  Bodega,  and  for  furnishing  everything 
necessary  so  as  to  form  this  new  establishment  before  the  English  try  to 
do  so,  for  even  though  it  is  rumored  that  they  have  already  settled  there 
I  consider  this  news  false. 

182.  The  barkentine  "  Activo"  and  the  schooner  "Mexicana"  are 
being  fitted  out  to  leave  at  the  latest  in  the  coming  month  of  April  for 
an  exploration  from  the  southern  mouth  of  Fuca  to  the  **  presidio" 
of  San  Francisco,  and  next  year  the  now  suspended  reconnoisance  of 
higher  latitudes  will  be  completed. 

Explorations  of  the  English  Commander  Vancouver. 

183.  It  is  known  that  the  English  commander  left  London  in  April, 
1791  ;  that  he  had  been  in  Oaiti,  New  Holland  and  the  Sandwich  Is- 


228  LAND    OF  SUNSHINE. 

lands  ;  that  he  had  begun  his  explorations  on  our  northern  coasts  in  40°, 
continued  same  in  Fuca,  and  sailed  from  this  strait  in  5 1>^°  latitude 
North  ;  that  afterward  he  had  gone  down  to  Nutka,  and  kept  on  recon- 
noitering  the  coast  to  Monterey. 

184.  It  is  likely  that  he  may  persist  this  year  in  verifying  his  discov- 
eries and  in  making  explorations  to  higher  latitudes  until  acquiring  un- 
deniable proof  if  there  exists  or  not  a  passage  between  the  two  oceans, 
and  also  to  reach,  if  possible,  the  true  limit  of  the  continent. 

185.  We  would  already  be  in  possession  of  this  important  knowl- 
edge, if  in  the  repeated  and  costly  expeditions  undertaken  by  us  since 
the  year  1 774,  a  better  system  had  been  observed,  and  instead  of  recon- 
noitering  the  innumerable  islands  along  the  coast,  preference  had  been 
given  to  a  scrupulous  examination  of  all  the  points,  bays,  channels  and 
gulfs  of  the  mainland. 

186.  The  worst  of  it  has  been  (as  I  said  in  my  letter  No.  44  of  Sept. 
1st,  1791)  that  these  expeditions  did  not  apply  themselves  to  make  an 
exact  reconnoisance  of  those  localities  nearest  to  our  establishments  in 
the  Californias,  from  47°  up,  and  this  either  because  it  was  thought  that 
such  a  minute  examination  would  never  be  necessary,  or  for  the  reason 
that  our  crews,  tired  out  by  voyages  to  higher  latitudes,  afflicted  with 
sickness  and  short  of  provisions,  desired  to  reach  port  wherein  to  rest. 

187.  Whatever  the  cause  may  have  been,  now  we  have  no  other 
remedy  but  to  occupy  the  port  of  La  Bodega,  as  I  have  ordered,  and  to 
make  the  new  exploration  for  which  I  have  detailed  the  barkentine 
*' Activo"  and  the  schooner  "Mexicana,"  this  latter  only  in  case  that 
the  bilander  "  Horcasitas,"  which  I  consider  better  fitted,  could  not  be 
gotten  ready  in  time. 

Instructions  for  the  Minute  Reconnoisance  of  the  Mouth 
of  £]zeta  and  the  Columbia  River. 

188.  The  vessels  will  go  fully  supplied  ;  the  barkentine  will  take  two 
extraordinarily  strong  hawsers ;  at  least  four  anchors ;  one  strong 
launch  ;  two  boats  ;  the  best  of  compasses ;  and  a  sufficient  quantity  of 
beads,  knives  and  other  baubles  to  be  given  as  presents  to  the  Indians. 

189.  They  will  begin  their  reconnoisances  from  the  mouth  south  of 
Fuca  straits  and  navigate  so  near  to  the  land  as  to  not  lose  sight  of  its 
gulfs,  bays,  rivers  and  creeks. 

1 90  These  points  will  be  examined  throughout  their  entire  extension  ; 
at  each  the  necessary  observations  will  be  taken  for  determining  their  lo- 
cation ;  soundings  will  be  made,  and  the  special  corresponding  charts 
drawn  ;  so  that  in  conformity  with  these  rules  laid  down  a  reliable  gen- 
eral chart,  containing  minute  details  of  the  whole  coast,  can  be  com- 
piled. 

191.  Whenever  the  winds  hinder  from  navigating  at  the  shortest  dis- 
tance possible,  or  when  the  weather  threatens  a  cross  wind,  compel  the 
vessels  to  stand  out  to  sea,  then  they  will  try  to  lay  to  for  a  few  days,  so 
that  when  approaching  again  the  coast,  they  will  arrive,  if  possible,  at 
the  same  point  they  left. 

1 92.  Every  night,  no  matter  if  clear,  dark  or  foggy,  the  anchor  will 
be  held  in  readiness  and  alongside,  according  to  circumstances  and 
weather. 

193.  The  Columbia  river,  situated  in  46°  12''  latitude,  requires  a  long 
and  minute  reconnoisance  until  either  its  source  or  its  outlet  in  the  op- 
posite sea  is  reached,  in  case  that  this  river  should  be  the  one  crossing 
the  continent  and  affording  a  passage  between  the  two  oceans. 

1 94.  In  conformity  with  these  indications  and  others  tending  to  the 
greater  exactitude  and  full  accomplishment  of  the  important  ends  of  this 
new  expedition,  I  have  formulated  the  instructions  by  which  the  com- 
mander shall  be  governed,  and  whose  appointment  I  have  left  to  the 
choice  and  at  the  discretion  of  the  captain  of  the  first-class,  don  Fran- 


EARLY   CALIFORNIA.  229 

Cisco  de  la  Bodega  y  Cuadra,  so  that  this  trust  may  be  confided  to  the 
ofl&cer  or  pilot  in  whom  he  places  the  most  confidence,  and  to  assure  in 
everything  a  favorable  issue  for  this  expedition. 

The  exploration  to  higrher  latitudes  has  been  suspended 
until  next  year,  for  the  purpose  of  discovering-  the  pas- 
sage between  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Oceans. 

1 95.  Until  now  neither  we  nor  the  English  have  been  able  to  find  the 
passage  between  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  ocean,  but  the  time  is  fast  ap- 
proaching when  all  doubt  will  disappear,  and  in  case  neither  party 
should  accomplish  the  object  this  year,  during  the  next  one  of  1794  I 
shall  detail  to  a  higher  latitude  one  of  the  frigates  of  the  department  of 
San  Bias,  the  barkentine  "Activo"  and  a  few  smaller  vessels,  if  His 
Majesty  is  pleased  to  approve  this  new  expedition  and  sends  me  some  of 
the  officers  of  his  royal  navy,  well  versed  in  astronomy,  so  as  to  clear 
away  all  doubts  and  put  forever  an  end  to  these  costly  expeditions. 

Reflections  about  the  importance  of  not  entering*  into 
diflacult,  distant,  adventurous  and  cohtly  expeditions. 

196.  From  now  on  every  project  which  compels  us  to  incur  heavy 
expenses  should  be  opposed,  even  if  the  most  positive  assurances  are 
made  of  brilliant  results,  because  it  is  always  understood  that  these  re- 
sults will  be  in  the  future,  whereas  the  expenditures  have  to  come  out  in 
cash  from  a  treasury  full  of  urgent  necessities,  and  whose  debts  are  in- 
creasing. 

197.  Once  the  treasury  funds  and  those  of  its  money  lenders  ex- 
hausted, the  projects  cannot  be  sustained,  their  advantages  will  vanish, 
the  recovery  of  the  money  expended  will  be  difficult,  and  it  even  may 
become  necessary  to  continue  in  other  and  larger  outlays  with  the 
very  nearly  certain  risk  of  obtaining  still  worse  results. 

198.  During  the  period  of  twenty-five  years,  many  millions  of  dol- 
lars have  been  expended  in  establishing  and  maintaining  the  new  set- 
tlements of  Upper  California  ;  in  repeated  explorations  of  its  northern 
coasts ;  and  in  the  occupation  of  Nutka.  But  if  we  persist  in  other 
still  more  distant  and  adventurous  enterprises,  then  there  will  be  no 
funds  left  to  carry  these  on,  nor  anybody  who  will  dare  to  estimate  their 
great  importance. 

Compilation  of  the  Propositions  which  trill  be 
advanced. 

199.  Therefore  I  repeat  my  opinion,  that  cutting  oflf  all  costly  and 
difficult  projects  we  limit  ourselves  precisely  to  forestall  the  encroach- 
ment of  any  English  or  other  foreign  settlement  on  our  peninsula  of 
the  Californias  by  occupying  quickly,  as  has  been  decided,  the  port  of 
lya  Bodega,  and,  if  necessary,  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia  river  ;  to 
properly  fortify  these  two  important  points,  as  also  the  "presidios"  of 
San  Francisco,  Monterey  and  San  Diego,  and  even  the  one  of  Loretto  ; 
to  transfer  as  soon  as  possible  the  department  of  San  Bias  to  Acapulco  ; 
to  take  care  of  the  conservation  and  development  of  the  special 
funds  (fondos  piadosos)  and  of  the  Zapotillo  salines,  so  that  the  new 
burden  of  providing  for  the  missions  of  the  Californias  may  not  fall 
upon  the  royal  treasury,  and  also  that  the  net  product  of  the  salt  may 
help  to  maintain  the  marine  department. 

Preliminary  Reflections  upon  the  points  of  the 
propositions. 

200.  These  are  the  five  points  which  I  will  propose  and  sustain,  but  be- 
fore beginning,  I  shall  make  some  necessary  reflections  about  the  designs 
of  foreign  powers  on  our  northwestern  coast  of  America,  the  advantages 


230  LAND   OF  SUNSHINE. 

of  the  fur  trade,  and  the  just  reason  for  preyentiug  the  illicit  commerce 
which  the  English  may  carry  on  in  the  Spanish  ports  of  the  South  Sea. 

About  the  RuHHian  E8tabllHhmcntH.:  SSS^ 

201 .  Wc  all  know  that  the  Russians  have  placed  on  a  firm  footing  their 
old  establishments  in  Onalaska,  Kcxliac  and  Cook's  river;  that  they  in- 
sist on  advancing  their  posts  or  that  they  may  have  already  settlements 
on  the  continent ;  that  they  carry  on  trade  with  the  Indians  from  Port 
Prince  William,  the  highest  latitude,  to  Nutka  or  its  vicinity  ;  and 
finally,  that  their  ambition  is  to  increase  the  number  of  vassals  of  their 
sovereign,  a  thing  they  have  already  accomplished  by  their  first  settle- 
ments. 

202.  The  English  do  not  ignore  these  facts,  but  dissemble  about 
them  and  wc  must  tolerate  them,  because  we  have  neither  sufficient 
troops  nor  war  vessels  in  the  South  Sea,  nor  the  necessary  funds  to  dis- 
lodge the  Russians,  who,  having  built  the  necessary  fortifications, 
occupy  the  extensive  Northern  coasts  of  the  Califomias  and  the  infinity 
of  the  immediate  archipelagos. 

203.  It  is  possible  that  the  Russians  may  be  able  to  carry  into  effect 
their  intention,  but  to  do  this  will  require  a  long  time  ;  whereas  Spain 
has  more  than  sufficient  to  place  in  a  state  of  perfect  defense  the  grand 
and  opulent  territories  we  occupy  and  may  in  the  future  acquire  in  New 
Spain,  and  to  preserve  dominion  over  them. 

About  the  DeMigiiM  of  the  KngrliHh  and  the  Fur  Trade. 

204.  We  are  also  aware  that  the  English  nation,  anxious  to  extend 
its  commerce  throughout  the  globe,  listened  with  pleasure  to  the  report 
of  Captain  Cook  in  reference  to  the  fur  trade  on  the  Northwest  coast  of 
America;  that  it  engaged  immediately  therein;  that  it  gathered  the 
first  fruits  thereof;  that  it  still  continues  in  this  trade,  but  may  be 
having  in  view  more  important  objects.  Even  if  the  profits  of  this 
commerce  may  have  decreased,  there  arc  also  strong  reasons  for  believ- 
ing, that  to  acquire  furs  at  present  is  becoming  every  day  more  difficult 
and  expensive. 

205.  Those  waters  are  frequented  by  numerous  vessels  of  different 
nationalities,  all  employed  in  the  fur  trade,  and  the  constant  intercourse 
with  Europeans  is  fast  awakening  the  cupidity  of  the  Indians. 

206.  Consequently  this  vice,  more  dangerous  in  i)er8ons  inclined  to 
steal  and  to  commit  the  most  infamous  actions,  will  compel  the  exercise 
of  greater  care  and  precautions  involving  larger  expenses,  so  as  to 
enable  merchant  ships  to  approach  the  coasts  and  boats  to  enter  the 
rivers  and  creeks  for  trading  purposes. 

207.  Besides  this,  the  enormous  export  of  furs  and  the  multitude  of 
covetous  buyers  will  impart  every  day  more  value  to  the  furs  sold  di- 
rectly by  the  Indians,  as  the  second  sale  (which  is  made  in  Canton) 
is  now  strictljr  prohibited  by  the  Emperor  of  China, 

208.  It  might  be  inferred,  as  it  is  really  assured,  that  the  English 
are  not  included  in  this  decree,  and  that  they  being  the  true  masters  of 
the  fur  trade  in  Canton,  their  profits  will  increase  by  imposing,  at  pleas- 
ure, premiums  or  taxes  upon  those  who  either  desire  or  are  compelled 
to  avail  themselves  (for  engaging  in  the  same  trade)  of  the  services  of 
the  English  ;  but  these  suppositions  depend  upou  a  rumor,  which  has 
not  yet  been  confirmed,  as  also  the  one  having  reference  to  the  prohibi- 
tion. 

209.  In  case  the  prohibition  is  absolute,  then  it  may  also  be  said 
that  this  fact  will  increase  the  value  and  price  of  the  furs  due  to  the 
more  or  less  limited  importation,  and  therefore  no  doubt  can  be  enter- 
tained that  this  commerce  will  become  still  more  lucrative  ;  and  this  in- 
creased value  will  not  be  affected  by  the  risk  of  confiscation  to  which 


EARLY    CALIFORNIA.  231 

the  smuggler  exposes  himself,  losing  l)oth  capital  and  profits,  ntul  siif- 
feriujjf  the  corporeal  punishment,  imposed  by  the  law,  if  hr  has  the  mis 
fortune  to  be  caught. 

210.  liut  whatsoever  may  be  the  case,  I  am  convinced  that  it  is  not 
the  profit  to  be  derived  from  the  fur  trade  which  impels  the  Knglish  to 
dispute  our  ownership  of  the  port  of  Nutka  ;  to  claim  that  the  bound 
ary  of  the  Spanish  possession  should  be  the  harbor  of  San  Francisco  , 
that  the  territory  to  be  jointly  occupied  by  both  should  begin  there  ; 
and  they  should  be  at  liberty  to  fish  beyond  a  distance  of  ten  leagues 
from  our  interior  coasts  of  the  Pacific  ocean.  It  is  clear  that  all  these 
propositions  have  as  object  the  carrying  on  of  an  illicit  trade,  which  by 
clandestine  importation  of  Kuropcan  and  Asiatic  merchandise  will  de- 
stroy the  commerce  of  New  Spain  and  the  Philippine  Islands. 

211.  This  commerce,  so  much  more  injurious  in  case  the  su(}posed 
passage  between  the  Pacific  and  Atlantic  oceans  shall  be  discovered, 
will  in  any  event  give  impulse  to  the  fur  trade  in  which  the  English  are 
engaged  at  Canton  ;  but,  at  the  same  time,  it  is  within  our  power  to 
diminish  these  profits  (provided  that  the  prohibition  of  said  trade  is  not 
a  fact  or  that  the  Emperor  of  China  revokes  it),  and  to  |3;uard  against  all 
pernicious  designs  without  incurring  new  difliculties  with  England. 

212.  For  the  purpose  of  accomplishing  the  first  object  it  is  not  neces- 
sary for  us  to  embark  upon  enterprises  of  difficult  and  impossible  exe- 
cution like  that  one  which  the  brevet  lieutenant,  don  I^stcvdn  Josd 
Martinez  presented  in  1790,  proposing  to  form  in  this  capital  [Mexico]  a 
Free  Trade  Company,  for  engaging  in  a  direct  trade  between  Canton  and 
the  coasts  of  California,  this  company  to  be  granted  an  exemption  from 
duties  for  fifty  years  ;  its  principal  commerce  to  consist  of  furs  and  tim- 
ber ;  and  the  company  to  oblige  itself  to  found,  within  the  stated 
period,  four  "  presidios  "  and  sixteen  missions  on  the  frontier  coasts  of 
that  peninsula. 

213.  I  shall  not  tarry  in  stating  the  defects  and  great  difficulties  of 
this  project,  because  I  have  already  sufficiently  explained  the  matter  in 
the  report  which  I  addressed  to  His  Majesty,  through  the  conduct  of 
don  Antonio  Vald<?z,  under  number  192,  January  31  of  this  year.  But 
I  will  say,  that  to  lessen  the  profit  of  the  English  in  the  fur  trade,  in 
which  already  American  colonists,  Russians,  French  and  Portuguese 
frequently  engage,  it  would  be  sufficient  to  give  this  privilege  also  to 
those  Spaniards  who  desire  to  embark  in  this  trade  at  their  own  free 
will  and  risk,  granting  to  such  the  franchise  of  exporting  furs  without 
paying  duty  thereon,  and  imposing  a  moderate  duty  upon  domestic 
products  and  timber,  an  equal  or  larger  quota  than  the  one  required  of 
merchandise  imported  at  Acapulco  from  China.  Still,  to  make  the 
necessary  arrangements  in  reference  to  these  duties  and  new  commerce, 
it  would  be  necessary  to  consult  the  Mercantile  Court  (Tribunal  del 
Consulado),  the  revenue  officers  and  the  fiscal  of  the  Royal  Treasury; 
the  whole  matter  to  be  finally  decided  by  the  Superior  Treasury  Com- 
mission. 

214.  In  accordance  with  above  rules  this  commerce  might  be  estab- 
lished and  the  English  could  have  no  reason  for  complaining  that  the 
Spanish  engaged  in  this  trade,  as  all  others  do  who  so  feel  inclined. 
But,  finally,  I  doubt  that  the  merchants  of  New  Spain  will  risk  their 
money  in  so  far  away  countries,  when  they  have  near  at  home  the  in- 
exhaustible wealth  of  innumerable  mines,  gold  and  silver  diggings,  and 
other  safe  investments  or  less  exposed  to  loss  wherein  to  employ  their 
capital. 

215.  In  whatever  else  may  have  reference  to  guarding  against  the 
pernicious  designs  of  England,  I  think  that  the  measures  which  I  shall 
state  in  my  propositions  will  be  sufficient. 


232  LAND   OF  SUNSHINE. 

First  Proposition  about  Occupying"  tbe  Port  of  Bodega, 

and  if  Necessity  should  Require  it,  also  the 

Entrance  of  £zeta. 

216.  The  first  thing  necessary  is  to  occupy  the  principal  or  most  im- 
portant points  of  the  coast  between  our  "presidio"  of  San  Francisco 
and  Juan  de  Fuca  strait,  but  in  section  181  I  have  already  stated  my 
dispositions  in  reference  to  the  new  establishment  of  the  port  of  La 
Bodega,  and  in  the  paragraphs  following,  from  188  to  194,  the  measures 
I  am  taking  for  a  most  careful  examination  of  the  whole  of  said  stretch 
of  coast,  and  specially  that  part  of  the  Columbia  river  at  Ezeta  entrance 
in  46°  latitude  north. 

217.  If  this  river  should  be  the  passage  between  the  two  oceans,  then 
we  would  have  acquired  all  necessary  information  about  the  volume  of 
water  it  carries,  the  rapidity  or  slowness  of  the  current,  the  Indian 
tribes  either  nomadic  or  stable  which  live  on  its  banks,  and  the  place, 
more  or  less  accessible,  where  the  river  empties  into  the  Atlantic.  In 
such  case  I  will  take  all  the  possible  and  necessary  measures  to  pre- 
serve the  ownership  and  dominion  of  this  admirable  discovery,  until 
Your  Excellency  informs  me  of  the  steps  which  His  Majesty  desires 
shall  be  taken. 

218.  I  shall  not  proceed  exploring  the  Columbia  river  if  its  sources 
are  discovered  in  the  vicinity,  unless  a  just  motive  existed,  compelling 
me  to  establish  a  post  for  affording  greater  protection  either  to  the  port 
of  La  Bodega  and  the  rest  of  the  harbors  of  the  Californias,  or  for  the 
object  of  locating  more  exactly  and  with  a  better  title,  and  also  at  a 
great  distance  from  the  territory  common  to  English  and  Spanish,  the 
boundary  of  our  possessions. 

219.  But  if  the  sources  of  the  Columbia  river  should  be  in  the  neigh- 
borhood of  our  province  of  New  Mexico,  or  if  it  should  be  joined  by 
any  tributary  stream  immediate  to  said  province,  either  flowing  through 
same  or  near  to  it,  then  it  will  become  indispensable  to  occupy  the  en- 
trance of  Ezeta,  and  to  establish  for  the  greater  security  of  the  coast  of 
the  Californias  at  convenient  localities  the  necessary  "presidios"  and 
fissions.  For  this  object  formal  military  expeditions  must  then  be 
undertaken  by  the  presidial  troops,  and  with  soldiers  to  be  furnished  by 
the  General  Commander  of  the  Interior  Provinces,  beginning  with 
those  of  the  presidio  of  Santa  F^  in  New  Mexico.  These  expeditions 
are  to  be  in  charge  of  competent  commanders,  and  accompanied  by 
officers  versed  in  mathematics,  and  others  having  the  qualifications  in 
reference  to  which  I  consulted  in  letter  number  34  of  March  27,  1791. 

Second  Proposition  about  Placing  in  an  Adequate  State 

of  Defense  the  Ports  of  the  Peninsula  ot 

the  Californias. 

220.  In  my  letter,  number  124,  of  November  30,  1792,  I  have  already 
stated  my  second  proposition  as  to  fortifying  properly  the  harbors  of 
Monterey,  San  Diego  and  San  Francisco,  and  to  these  ports  I  now  shall 
add  La  Bodega  and  the  entrance  of  Ezeta  or  the  Columbia  river  in  case 
it  should  be  necessary  to  occupy  same. 

221.  I  have  made  some  inexpensive  provisions,  but  my  desire  is  to 
insure  the  success  of  the  more  important  measures  by  a  personal  inter- 
view with  the  new  governor  whom  His  Majesty  may  appoint  in  substi- 
tution of  the  defunct  lieutenant  colonel  of  dragoons,  don  Jos6  Romero. 
This  new  appointee  should  be  a  talented  officer,  a  military  expert,  of 
robust  health  enabling  him  to  undergo  the  utmost  hardships,  disinter- 
ested, of  quick  action  and  real  zeal  in  the  service.  All  these  qualities 
are  required  for  inspecting  frequently  the  extensive  territories  of  the 
peninsula,  insuring  its  defenses.  Keeping  the  presidial  troops  well 
disciplined,  and  for  overcoming  either  with  diplomacy,  or  if  this  should 


EARLY   CALIFORNIA  233 

not  be  sufficient,  by  force,  the  ideas,  intrigues  or  prejudicial  inroads  of 
the  English  ;  and,  also  at  the  same  time,  for  improving  the  settlements 
and  missions,  and  extending  same  to  the  Colorado  river. 

222.  This  point  and  the  mission  of  San  Gabriel  form  the  circle 
within  which  swarm  pagan  Indians,  who  may  be  persuaded  to  accept 
our  holy  religion  and  the  mild  dominion  of  our  sovereign,  and  so  con- 
tribute to  the  important  object  of  making  the  peninsula  of  the  Cali- 
fornias  one  of  the  most  respectable  colonies  on  the  frontier  of  New 
Spain. 

223.  I  conclude  this  proposition  with  another,  which  is  :  that  if  the 
Dominican  friars  found  their  most  advanced  mission  on  the  Colorado 
river,  then  it  will  also  be  necessary  to  establish  a  new  "presidio"  which 
is  considered  necessary  on  the  limits  of  Sonora  and  California.  Such  a 
"presidio"  to  be  located  within  the  territory  of  this  peninsula,  to  be 
under  the  immediate  jurisdiction  of  its  governor  and  absolutely  inde- 
pendent of  the  General  Commandancy  of  the  Interior  Provinces.  This 
for  the  reason,  that  the  object  and  purpose  of  the  presidial  company  is 
to  maintain  the  California  Indians  in  peace,  and  together  with  the 
other  presidial  troops  guard  the  peninsula  against  all  encroachments 
either  by  those  same  natives  or  by  European  enemies. 

Third  Proposition  about  Transferring-  the  Department  ot 
San  Bias  to  Acapulco. 

224.  I  have  little  to  add  about  the  third  proposition  beyond  what  I  have 
said  in  my  letters  Nos.  193,  437,  230  and  44  of  December  27,  1789,  March 
27,  1790,  January  15  and  September  1,  1791,  the  first  two  of  which  were 
addressed  to  don  Antonio  Vald^z,  the  third  to  the  Count  de  Lorena,  and 
the  fourth  to  the  Count  de  Florida  Blanca,  but  more  particularly  I  refer 
myself  to  this  last  communication  in  reference  to  the  importance  and 
urgency  of  transferring  the  department  of  San  Bias  to  Acapulco. 

225.  The  viceroy,  don  Antonio  Bucareli,  had  received  peremptory 
royal  orders  to  take  this  convenient  measure  ;  my  predecessor,  don  An- 
tonio Flores,  indicated  this  step  in  his  letter,  number  57  of  December 
23,  1787,  but  its  execution  was  suspended,  due  to  contrary  decisions, 
contained  a  heap  of  actuations  not  yet  concluded  (que  constan  en  un 
cumuloso  expediente  que  nunca  lleg6  d  concluirse)  and  which  clearly 
prove  the  discord  between  the  parties  informing,  the  partiality  and  per- 
sonal ends  of  some,  the  ignorance  of  others,  and  the  tenacity  with 
which  all  contradict  one  another  on  account  of  personal  likes  and  dis- 
likes, which  caused  many  useless  expenditures  and  interminable 
criminal  and  civil  suits. 

226.  Even  yet,  some  individuals  are  opposed  to  the  transfer  of  the 
department;  but  they  are  few  and  their  opinion  of  little  value,  con- 
sidering that  this  measure  has  in  its  favor  the  unanimous  vote  o*^  the 
captains  of  the  first-class,  don  Alejandro  Malaspina  and  don  Jos^  de 
Bustamante  y  Guerra  ;  of  the  commander  of  this  department,  don  Juan 
Francisco  de  la  Bodega  ;  of  the  captains  of  the  second  class,  don 
Dionisio  Galiano  and  don  Cayetano  Valdez,  and  of  all  intelligent  offi- 
cers sailing  in  those  vessels  and  employed  in  said  department. 

237,  No  dry  dock  is  required  there  for  building  ships.  Eight  large 
and  small  vessels  can  be  assigned  from  Spain  for  service  in  this  depart- 
ment (as  I  proposed  in  my  letter  number  44),  and  relieved  every  four 
or  five  years. 

[TO  BE  CONCLUDED.] 


^^^  The  harvest  is  past  (or  as  much  of  it  as  can  pass  in  a  land 

MARCH  OF  where  there  is  harvest  every  day  in  the  year)  and  the  summer 

SEASONS.  ended  and  our  souls  are  still  saved — in  California.  We  have  had 
no  sunstrokes,  no  floods,  no  epidemics — and  it  is  our  perennial  expec- 
tation, based  on  history,  not  to  have.  In  place  of  death  and  disaster 
we  have  had  a  terrible  earthquake  which  rattled  several  thousand 
glasses.  It  was  not  so  terrible  as  the  usual  California  earthquake,  be- 
cause it  came  in  the  daytime  and  no  Eastern  visitor  had  to  sally  in  his 
or  her  nightie.  But  it  was  enough  to  remind  us  that  we  are  human — 
and  that  California  is  the  best  place  to  be  human  in. 

Meantime  we  go  on  harvesting  our  fifteen  millions  in  gold,  our 
twelve  millions  in  fruit,  our  five  millions  in  grain,  and  the  various  and 
diversified  other  millions  which  make  California  the  richest  State  in 
the  Union  per  capita.  And  despite  the  more  money,  we  have  enjoyed 
life  better,  on  the  average,  than  any  other  population  anywhere. 

Soon,  now,  the  winter  of  our  content  will  be  upon  us.  Not  the  cruel 
winter  we  knew  back  East  where  we  were  born  ;  but  a  gorgeous  season 
where  it  sometimes  rains  and  the  great  peaks  are  snow-crowned — yet  at 
their  feet  are  eternal  roses — a  hundred  thousand  sometimes  on  a  single 
bush — and  heliotrope  to  the  second  story  window  ;  a  season  wherein  we 
are  out-doors  every  day,  and  sleep  with  oui  windows  open  ;  when  our 
world  is  thick-carpeted  with  wild  flowers,  and  fluttering  with  butter- 
flies. And  as  the  Californian  swaps  perfect  summer  for  perfect  winter 
he  never  gets  too  hardened  to  be  sorry  for  the  poor  cousins  back  yonder 
to  whom  both  seasons  are  hostile — who  want  to  get  away  from  home  in 
summer  and  have  to  shut  themselves  up  in  winter.  The  Californian 
has  not  much  reputation  for  humility  ;  but  if  the  East  could  realize  his 
advantages,  the  only  wonder  would  be  that  he  is  so  little  arrogant. 

^^  There  is  a  general  expectation  that  General  Porfirio  Diaz, 

CA8A,    _  President  of  the  Mexican  Republic,  is  to   visit  the   United 

8EN0R.  States  this  fall ;  and  considerable  special  advertising  is  being 

done  in  this  country  by  some  exposition  to  which  it  is  hoped  he  will 
give  his  presence.  This  is  not  wholly  official,  as  yet.  President  Diaz 
writes  the  Lion,  under  date  of  Aug.  17,  "si  Men  muy  agradable  me 
seria  visitar  ese  hermoso  pais,  por  ahora  no  me  lo  permiten  mis  numer- 
osas  atenciones  oficiales"  (  although  it  would  be  very  agreeable  to  me 
to  visit  that  handsome  land,  at  present  my  official  cares  do  not  permit 
me). 

Nevertheless,  the  Lion  hopes  that  Prest.  Diaz  will  make  out  to  revisit 
the  United  States  this  year  of  grace.  His  official  duties  are  indeed 
heavy  —  there  is  no  power  behind  the  throne,  in  Mexico,  for  the  very 
simple  reason  that  there  is  neither  need  nor  room  for  any.  Diaz  is 
Mexico  and  needs  no  Hannas.  But  the  same  "hard  hand"  that  could 
turn  Mexico  from  chaos  to  a  nation  can  sweep  aside  the  atenciones  ofi- 
ciales if  it  will.  And  it  is  to  be  hoped  it  will.  Diaz  knows  and  admires 
the  United  States ;  the  United  States  knows  and  admires  Diaz.  There 
is  good  in  inter-visiting.  The  man  of  Mexico  will  get  no  harm  by  see- 
ing here  more  examples  to  follow  and  more  to  avoid  ;  and  we  shall  get 


IN    THE   LION'S   DEN.  235 

good  by  looking  upon  the  noble  face  and  figure  of  by  far  the  greatest 
A.merican  ruler  of  his  day  ;  one  of  the  large  historic  figures  of  all 
time  ;  a  statesman  and  a  patriot  of  the  very  first  dimensions.  And  the 
United  States  would  give  a  warm  welcome  to  a  man  every  educated 
American  has  learned  to  honor. 

We  are  all  sorry  for  France,  and  a  good  deal  ashamed  of  her —      "  the 
both  of  which  feelings  are  always  easy  for  us  as  toward  foreign  application 

lands.     Things  we  know  nothing  about  must  be  pretty  bad,  of  on'T." 

course.  Even  to  those  who  do  know,  France  is  now  tolerably  bad.  It 
is  also  tolerably  instructive.  It  is  a  republic  fool  enough  to  let  its  army 
get  too  influential. 

San  Francisco  (and  incidentally  the  State)  gave  a  noble  wel-      welcome 
come  to  the  returning  volunteers.     There  is  no  American,  of  home, 

any  complexion  (except  the  administration)  who  is  not  glad  to  brave  men. 

have  these  brave  boys  home.  They  have  done  their  duty  as  soldiers 
and  done  it  magnificently,  And  they  wanted  to  come  home.  Not  be- 
cause they  had  no  belly  for  fighting  ;  but  simply  because  the  motive 
of  the  fighting  is  not  quite  American  enough  to  command  their  fullest 
sympathy.  Even  if  some  of  them  may  not  be  quite  ready  to  admit  it, 
this  is  true.  If  the  war  were  one  for  Americans  to  be  proud  of,  these 
are  the  sort  of  boys  that  could  not  be  coaxed  or  driven  to  the  rear  till 
the  last  gun  was  fired.  The  return  of  these  volunteers  is  clinching 
proof  of  the  Anti-Imperial  argument. 

Know  all  men  by  these  presents— and  not  men  only,  but  the      our 
sort  of  provincials  of  whom  it  is  necessary  to  take  something  western 

like  forty  to  get  the  groundwork  of  a  Person — that  California  humor. 

has  just  passed  through  its  second  year  of  drouth  hand-running.  In 
this  second  dry  year  alone  it  has  brought  to  light  more  water,  and  ap- 
plied it  to  the  soil  than  is  applied  to  the  soil  by  all  the  United  States 
east  of  the  Mississippi  ;  and  that  its  crops  are  worth  more  this  year, 
per  head,  to  every  man,  woman  and  child  in  California,  Chinese  and 
Indians  included,  than  the  crops  of  any  other  State  in  the  Union.  In 
his  second  consecutive  dry  year,  the  Californian  is  better  off"  than  his 
Eastern  cousin  ever  was.  The  Californian  thinks  there  is  a  certain 
humor  in  this  ;  but  whether  it  is  funny  or  not,  it  is  true. 

Several  important  newspaper  reporters  have  declared  that  the      the 
splendid  ovation  given  in  San  Francisco  to  our  returning  vol-  unbaked 

unteers  **  proves  that  the  people  of  California  believe  in  the  reporter. 

war,"  and  is  a  rebuke  to  the  wicked  anti-tyrants.  Sho !  If  the 
people  of  California  believed  in  the  war,  they  would  mob  soldiers  who 
came  home  before  the  war  was  over.  California  is  glad  that  the  boys 
are  home,  that's  all.  And  she  has  good  reason  to  welcome  soldiers 
with  such  a  record. 

A  great  many  undrunken  Americans  wish  to  know  "  if  we      the 
can't  do  something."     They  are  convinced,  as  the  Lion  is,  that  leaven 

in  any  fair  vote  of  the  people  the  iniquity  and  folly  of  Im-  at  work. 

perialism  would  be  snowed  under.  It  is,  I  imagine,  absolutely  true  that 
there  are  more  Americans  who  understand  and  value  our  national 
history  and  ideas  than  there  are  Americans  who  ignore  both  in  their 
emotion  ;  and  the  dividing  line  between  Imperialism  and  anti-Imperial- 
ism is  precisely  there.  There  are  some  mighty  good  Imperialists, 
entirely  unaware  of  the  cord  the  politicians  have  in  their  noses  ;  but 
Imperialism  is  wrong  or  else  the  United  States  is  wrong  ;  as  every  man 
knows  who  knows  United  States  history  and  is  not  temporarily  daft 
with  emotion. 


236  LAND    OF  SUNSHINE. 

The  Lion  has  abiding  faith  in  the  American  people.  Like  all  humans, 
they  may  go  wrong.  They  went  wrong  100  years  on  Negro  slavery.  I 
can  remember  when  Abolitionists  were  persecuted  ;  but  every  Ameri- 
can is  an  Abolitionist  today.  So  it  will  be  with  our  dream  of  foreign 
oppression.  Every  original  Abolitionist  is  against  it  now.  In  another 
fifty  years  we  shall  forget  that  anyone  disputed  them. 

No,  the  Lion  knows  of  nothing  for  patriots  to  do,  except  to  keep  on 
fighting,  each  in  his  own  sphere.  The  leaven  is  spreading  faster  than 
most  of  us  realize.  Every  day  the  Administration's  unjust  and  silly 
war  gets  colder  on  the  average  heart.  The  chill  may  be  deep  enough  to 
defeat  a  president  of  the  Lion's  own  party  in  the  next  campaign,  al- 
though everything  else  in  the  world  is  overwhelmingly  in  his  favor. 

^OT  It  is  easy  and  wise  to  discount  the  newspaper  criticisms  of 

FORCE  Gen.   Otis  —  the  Major-General,  of  course,   now  in  Manilla; 

ENOUGH,  there  never  were  any  criticisms  of  Brig.-Gen.  H.  G.  Otis. 

Every  reporter  naturally  knows  just  how  a  war  should  be  run,  a  good 
deal  better  than  any  Napoleon  can  know.  It  is  the  core  of  the  news- 
paper business  in  general  to  be  aware  of  wisdom  by  not  acquiring  it. 
Gen.  Otis  has  probably  done  very  well  indeed  with  the  force  at  his  dis- 
posal. The  only  trouble  is  that  he  nominated  the  size  of  the  force  ; 
that  it  isn't  big  enough  ;  that  everyone  (Gen.  Otis  included)  now  knows 
it  isn't.  But  Gen.  Otis  need  not  be  smarter  than  his  President ;  and 
there  is  an  alarming  number  of  officials  nowadays  so  stupid  as  to  fancy 
that  any  force  will  whip  the  Filipinos  out  of  all  conceit  of  freedom. 
We  can  squelch  the  present  fight  for  liberty  ;  but  never,  so  long  as 
there  is  a  God  in  heaven  (or  in  the  human  heart,  which  is  perhaps  a 
synonymous  geography)  can  we  quench  the  desire  to  be  free.  And  we 
might  be  in  better  business  than  trying. 

rHE  Would  you  know   the   neophyte  ?      Then  watch  him  make 

GREEN  "  discoveries"  in  New  Mexico — a  bald,  bare  land,  every  foot 

EXPLORER  "  of  which  has  been  explored  and  mapped  by  scientists.  Mor- 
gan, Jackson,  Bandelier,  Matthews,  Hodge,  Winship,  Cushing,  Simp- 
son, the  Stephensons,  the  Mindelefis,  and  a  score  of  others  who  were 
educated  scholars,  not  raw  freshmen — these  have  between  them  left  no 
ruin  unmeasured.  Nowadays  scientists  make  little  discoveries  in  the 
Southwest;  greenhorns  make  "startling"  ones.  The  only  difference 
is  that  the  expert  details  last ;  the  kindergarten  sensations  pass  away 
after  one  or  two  issues  of  credulous  newspapers.  But  a  novice,  who  has 
never  seriously  read  any  one  of  the  several  hundred  books  without 
which  no  one  can  wisely  pretend  to  know  anything  about  New  Mexico, 
getting  into  that  wonderland,  with  an  imagination  in  place  of  learning, 
naturally  goes  "where  no  white  man  ever  before  trod,"  and  "dis- 
covers wonderful  and  unknown  ruins' '  which  had  been  squeezed  dry 
by  science  before  he  ever  heard  of  New  Mexico.  And  if  you  would 
know  the  first  test  of  an  unripe  explorer,  here  it  is :  he  always  looks 
on  the  " Cliflf Dwellers"  as  a  "lost  race,"  and  always  discovers  either 
that  they  were  giants  or  dwarfs.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  it  is  as  absolutely 
proved  in  science  that  they  were  Pueblo  Indians,  of  the  present  Pueblo 
stature,  as  it  is  proved  that  La  Salle  navigated  the  Mississippi.  And  as 
a  matter  of  vanity  it  is  coming  time  for  the  unread  and  the  untraveled 
to  keep  their  heads  out  of  the  pillory.  The  world  is  growing  smaller  ; 
and  not  all  of  it  is  so  ignorant  as  the  people  who  discover  New  Mexico 
in  1899. 

The  worst  thing  that  can  be  said  truthfully  about  Aguinaldo's  appeal 
to  the  powers  is  that  it  uses  the  same  logic  our  United  States  Senate 
used  when  it  was  aiming  to  liberate  Cuba.  Exactly  the  things  that  we 
said  of  Weyler  and  Spain  are  so  soon  come  home  to  roost  on  the  neck 
of  the  United  States. 


There  was  never  before  in  the  world's 
history  a  time  when  so  many  things  were 
worth  writing,  nor  when  it  was  so  easy  to  write 
them.  Yet  never  before  was  so  scant  a  proportion  of 
"literature"  worth  the  paper  and  ink  it  consumes.  We 
have  grown  unearthly  smart — and  have  become  the  only  persons  of 
record  so  foolish  as  to  believe  that  smartness  is  all  there  is  to  it. 


Another  of  the  too  small  circle  of  American  students    of      the 
America — one  of  the  real  ones^  one  of  the  large  ones  —  has  narrowing 

gone  from  the  field  that  could  ill  afford  a  much  less  loss.     Dr.  circle. 

Daniel  G.  Brinton,  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  died  July  31,  at 
the  age  of  62.  Dr.  Brinton  was  one  of  the  best  of  the  "closet  men." 
Except  Gatschet  he  had  no  rival  in  accurate  knowledge  of  Indian  lin- 
guistics. His  heel  of  Achilles  was  no  more  than  lack  of  the  Field, 
which  even  the  foremost  scholar  must  have  to  be  complete.  But  he 
was  a  true  scholar,  a  great  linguist,  an  irreparable  figure.  Before  just 
the  man  to  take  his  place  shall  come,  there  will  not  be  half  the  place 
left  to  take.  Dr.  Brinton 's  works  on  American  ethnology,  and  his 
editorial  and  contributive  labors  in  scientific  publications,  were  monu- 
mental in  mass  and  in  authority.  Americans  who  know  what  scholar- 
ship is  will  always  keep  his  memory  green — perhaps  most  loyally  those 
who  best  knew  his  limitations. 

It  takes  a  good  man  to  keep  the  unruffled  love  and  esteem       "  teddy  " 
of  those  who  disagree  with  him  in  politics,  religion  or  tailor-  and  his 

ing.     That  Gov.  Roosevelt  is  such  a  one,  it  is  now  too  late  to  "terrors." 

need  to  be  said.  "Our  Teddy"  is  verily  "good  people,"  as  they  say  in 
a  part  of  the  country  where  he  is  best  understood  and  best  beloved.  He 
can  fly  in  our  faces  and  trample  our  special  corns,  and  we  subtract 
nothing  from  his  standing  in  the  place  we  keep  for  Men.  This  is  be- 
cause we  all  know  he  is  absolutely  genuine.  He  looks  to  be  at  least  a 
yard  and  a  half  wide  ;  but  anyhow,  he  is  all  wool. 

His  book  The  Rough  Riders^  is  not  one  of  the  solidest  of  books  of 
the  late  war,  but  it  is  one  of  the  manliest  and  most  "taking."  "Teddy" 
was  too  close  to  the  firing-line  to  get  any  such  philosophical  perspec- 
tive as  he  has  shown  himself  capable  of  measuring  in  less  rampant 
fields.  It  is  simply  an  unaflfected,  well  balanced,  direct  personal  narra- 
tive ;  telling  of  magnificent  courage  and  practical  sense,  a  narrative  of 
human  competency  told  with  uncounterfeit  modesty  and  with  all  the 
generosity  of  so  brave  a  man.  It  is  a  very  human  document,  and  no 
reader,  of  whatever  convictions,  will  dodge  its  charm.  The  volume  is 
sumptuously  made  and  very  fully  illustrated.  Chas.  Scribner's  Sons, 
New  York.     $2. 

The  University  of  Oregon  is  doing  a  commendable  work  in  a  making 
"Historical  series"  of  which  three  numbers  are  already  in  Oregon's 

evidence.     Two    "Bulletins"    beginning    the  Semi- Centennial  history. 

History  of  Oregon  deal  with  "Exploration  Northwestward"  (by  F.  G. 
Young),  "The  Hudson  Bay  Company's  Regime  in  the  Oregon  Country" 
(Eva  Emery  Dye)  and  "  Mile-Posts  in  the  Development  of  Oregon" 


238  LAND   OF  SUNSHNIE. 

(Horace  S.  Lyman).  These  are  all  good  papers  in  their  class.  More 
important  is  the  publication  of  an  original  '*  Source  " — TAe  Correspond- 
ence and  Journals  of  Capt,  Nathaniel  J.  Wyeth,  1831-36.  Wyeth  made 
two  expeditions  to  Oregon  at  that  early  day,  and  his  personal  record  is 
well  worth  saving.     University  Press,  Eugene,  Or. 

)F  A  The  quaint  and  little-known  epoch  in  American  history  when 

FORGOTTEN  we  had  a  **  New  Sweden"  on  the  western  bank  of  the  Dela- 

PERIOD  ware,  250  years  ago,  serves  as  chief  setting  for  Bmma  Rayner's 
interesting  novel  In  Castle  and  Colony.  The  story  opens,  indeed  in  old 
Sweden,  with  the  breaking  up  of  an  ancient  family  ;  but  the  little  hero- 
ine "Agneta"  is  transferred,  after  sixty  pages,  to  the  New  World  col- 
ony ;  and  here  we  follow  her  fortunes.  Peppery  John  Printz  is  Gov- 
ernor of  New  Sweden  and  in  New  Amsterdam  is  his  greater  rival, 
**  Peter  the  Headstrong,"  alias  Stuyvesant.  The  forgotten  war  in  which 
the  Dutch  wiped  out  the  Swedish  colony  is  climax  of  the  book.  The 
story  is  well  told  and  human  ;  with  quite  as  much  history  as  usually 
falls  to  the  lot  of  the  "historical  novel,"  and  quite  as  much  impulse. 
The  hero  and  heroine  and  presumptive  villain  are  all  well  drawn  charac- 
ters ;  and  old  "Axel  Bond"  is  an  uncommonly  taking  one.  The  love- 
story  is  sedate  and  attractive,  and  the  book  altogether  is  one  it  is  "  no 
trouble  to  read."     H.  S.  Stone  &  Co.,  Chicago.    $1.50. 

iOOD  There  is  always    joy  in   reading  Harriet  Prescott  Spofford. 

LOVE  Whatever    she  writes  has  about  it  the  certain   witchery  of 

STORIES.  womanhood  ;  and  her  love-stories  are  among  the  soundest  and 

sweetest.  The  Maid  He  Married  is  no  exception  to  her  rule  ;  an  ex- 
quisite story  of  a  real  love.  Norman  Gale's  A  June  Romance  is  of  an 
entirely  dififerent  category ;  but  like  in  interest  and  the  love  that  over- 
comes. Without  Mrs.  Spoflford's  "eternal  feminine,"  the  book  has  a 
poetic  temperament,  and  leaves  a  good  taste  in  the  romantic  mouth. 
Both  volumes  are  of  the  dainty  "Blue  Cloth  Books."  H.  S.  Stone  & 
Co.,  Chicago.    75c  each. 

HE  8IN8  Of  an  uncommon  sort  (which  may  be  not  a  pity),  a  gruesome 

OF  THE  but  a  powerful  story.  The  Maternity  of  Harriott  Wicken  is  one 

FATHERS,  of  the  marked  books  of  the  year.  Mrs.  Henry  Dudeney,  before 
heard  from  as  the  author  of  A  Man  With  a  Maid^  here  takes  the  sins  of 
the  fathers  and  visits  them  upon  the  children  in  ghastly  but  accurate 
fashion.  The  story  is  indeed  a  story,  and  at  the  same  time  a  strong 
monograph  on  heredity.  It  is  a  book  to  make  one  feel  —  and  think. 
The  Macmillan  Co.,  66  Fifth  ave.,  New  York.  $1.50.  C.  C.  Parker,  Los 
Angeles. 

\  LITTLE  The  Lady  of  the  Flag-Flowers^    by   Florence  Wilkinson,   is  a 

HURON  somewhat  jerky  but  interesting  story  of  a  willful  little  Huron 

MAID.  maid  and  the  lives  that  touched  hers.  The  scene  is  mostly 
(and  best)  of  French  Canada,  though  with  shiftings  other-where.  There 
is  a  good  deal  of  attractive  local  color  ;  and  enough  of  incident.  H. 
S.  Stone  &  Co.,  Chicago.    $1.50. 

EVEN  The  Carcellini  Emerald^   by  Mrs.  Burton  Harrison,  is  a  coUec- 

SHORT  tion  of  seven  short  stories  in  the  pleasant  if  slightly  amateur- 

STORIES.  ish  way  of  that  well  known  society  lady,  but  normal  good 

reading.     Perhaps  "An  Author's  Reading"  is  best  of  the  collection, 

with  its  kind  but  knowing  humor.     H.  S.  Stone  &  Co.,  Chicago.    $1.50 

Jerome  A.  Anderson,  M.  D.,  publishes  a  slim  volume  on  The  Evidence 
of  Immortality,  from  the  Theosophist  standpoint.  In  some  future  rein- 
carnation it  may  be  necessary  to  pursue  a  review  further.  In  the  pres- 
ent life  it  suffices  to  say  that  a  book  is  theosophy.  Few  fields  of  liter- 
ature are  so  satisfactory  and  convenient  of  definition.  A  word  is  enough 
to  instruct  alike  the  believer  and  the  unbeliever.  I^otus  Pub.  Co.,  San 
Francisco.  $1. 

Chas.  F.  Lummis. 


239 

The  New  Sunshine  Offices, 

(glYTTR ACTIVE  and  comfortable  as  are  the  offices  which 
>Mf  the  Land  of  Sunshine  Publishing  Company  has  for  four 
years  occupied  in  the  Stimson  Building,  there  has  been 
daily  and  almost  hourly  inconvenience  in  having  the  business 
offices  at  so  many  blocks'  distance  from  the  mechanical  de- 
partment. This  inconvenience  has  grown  steadily,  as  business 
increases — and  the  magazine  is  now  forty  per  cent,  larger  than 
a  year  ago — and  the  wisdom  of  conserving  all  the  time  and 
energy  lost  between  the  two  establishments  has  become  con- 
stantly more  evident.  Being  able,  at  last,  to  secure  equally 
pleasant  and  comfortable  offices  under  the  same  roof  with  its 
printing,  binding  and  engraving  departments,  the  company 
has  removed  its  business  offices  to  121^  South  Broadway, 
rooms  5,  7  and  9.  This  is  in  the  "  Printing  House  Square  '* 
of  Los  Angeles ;  within  half  a  block  of  the  Times,  Herald, 
Express,  Cultivator^  etc.  Probably  nine-tenths  of  the  publish- 
ing business  of  Los  Angeles  is  within  a  block  here. 

This  is  one  of  several  advantageous  advancements  the  mag- 
azine is  making.  It  is  recognized  everywhere,  now,  as  the 
most  typical  and  most  competent  magazine  ever  published  in 
the  West.  Californians  are  proud  and  Easterners  are  glad  to 
have  a  Western  magazine  whose  knowledge  is  unquestioned, 
whose  standards  are  high  and  absolutely  unsubsidized,  and 
whose  independence  rather  pleases  people  who  are  Americans 
themselves,  whether  they  agree  with  its  doctrines  or  not. 

The  magazine  expects  to  continue  to  deserve  the  respect  of 
competent  people  ;  and  even  to  progress,  as  it  has,  it  believes, 
done  steadily  from  the  start.  It  is  larger  than  ever,  its  stand- 
ards are  steadily  raised,  and  its  repute  in  the  East  and  at  home 
is  higher  than  ever. 


Competent  Opinions  Regarding  The 
Land  of  Sunshine. 

"Replete  with  information  and  entertainment.  .  .  .  The  pictures 
,  .  .  will  interest  anyone.  Those  who  go  deeper  will  be  most  struck 
by  the  bold  and  independent  tone  of  the  editorial  writing,  especially  on 
public  topics.  This  is  not  a  common  characteristic  of  the  press  on  the 
Pacific  Coast  or  elsewhere ;  but  courage  has  a  permanent  berth  in  the 
office  of  the  Land  of  Sunshine." — TAe  Nation^  New  York, 

"  We  have  often  had  occasion  to  speak  a  good  word  for  this  brave 
little  magazine,  and  to  wish  it  success.  The  contents  include  much 
matter  of  permanent  value,  besides  those  sections  in  which  the  editor 
keeps  up  a  running  fire  of  comment  on  the  literary  and  political  hap- 
penings of  the  day.  .  .  .  Mr.  Lummis  has  spoken  many  sober  and 
fearless  words,  for  which  patriotic  Americans  cannot  thank  him  too 
warmly." — The  Dial,  Chicago. 


240 


The  Yuccas. 

BY   ROBBRT   MOWRY   BELL. 

The  wind  is  in  the  yuccas,  like  the  roll 

Of  mimic  waves  upon  a  hill- girt  mere, 

Or  storm  of  tossing  boughs  ;  the  night,  star-clear, 
Shows  yet  unmoved  each  rugged  branch  and  bole. 
As  from  a  world  unseen  that  murmur  stole  ; 

Weird  in  the  gloom  these  outstretched  arms  appear ! 

Is  night  but  the  day's  absence?     Surely  here 
There  is  a  presence  ;  night  has  gained  a  soul ! 
Ah,  'tis  the  spell  that  this  fantastic  tree 

Has  put  upon  the  plain.     Star 'speaks  to  star  ; 

Northward  to  where  the  dusk-hid  mountains  are 
The  gossip  laden  wind  is  coursing  free. 

It  is  a  goblin  world,  and  faint  and  far 

Sound  the  spent  echoes  of  reality  ! 

Los  Angeles. 


^Joaquin  Miller's  Monuments. 

jgrtHE  Poet  of  the  Sierras  has  a  characteristic  home,  not 
\  exactly  Sierran  but  high-perched  and  very  Joaquin- 
esque,  on  the  dominating  **Hights''  behind  Oak- 
land. Its  oddities  have  been  perhaps  more  impressive  to  many 
visitors  than  the  truly  magnificent  outlook  and  the  winey 
winds ;  and  now  they  will  have  still  more  to  peck  at. 

Since  his  return  from  the  Klondyke,  in  July,  '98,  Joaquin 
has  turned  a  good  part  of  his  nuggets  to  monument-building. 
On  the  bleakest  of  his  hills  he  has  set  up  of  rough-cut  stone 
his  own  funeral  pyre — long  be  it  before  the  Old  Man  (as  he 
isn't,  very)  goes  to  it  feet-first  ! 

Near  his  celebrated  Greek  Cross  of  cypress  and  pine  he  has 
erected  a  great  round  tower  of  stone  in  memory  of  Robert 
Browning,  who  was  good  to  him  in  lyondon  in  the  early 
'Seventies,  when  the  young  poet  was  hunting  for  his  own 
trail. 

Near  the  funeral  pyre  is  a  massive  pyramid  ;  and  graven  on 
its  base  the  simple  appreciation '*  To  Moses."  Joaquin  likes 
Moses,  and  thinks  it  has  been  a  long  time  between  monuments 
to  the  most  enduring,  as  well  as  the  first,  of  lawgivers. 

Lastly,  a  fine  square  tower,  big  and  battlemented  on  one  of 
his  pet  ledges,  is  for  Fremont.  Joaquin  cared  for  the  Path- 
finder— as  every  large  enough  soul  did.  His  peculiarly  beau- 
tiful little  poem  on  Fremont  (published  first  in  these  pages  in 
December,  1895)  will  be  remembered  ;  and  now  he  gives  as 
fine  a  tribute,  in  perhaps  more  enduring  stone,  to  the  first  big 
Californian.     See  next  page. 


CM.  Davis  Enp.  Co  JOAQUIN    MII^I^ER'S   MONUMENTS. 

His  funeral  pyre— The  Browning  Tower— The  Pyramid  to  Moses. 


CALIFORNIA    BABIES. 


243 


C.  M.  Davis  Enp.  Co. 


OUT-DOORS   IN  JANUARY. 
A  15-nionths'  old  California  Baby. 


C.  M.  Davis  Eng.  Co 


SAY,    BOSSY  ! 


f:.  M.  Davis  Eng  Co. 


AT   PASADENA. 


SPRING  ST.,   1,08  ANGEI^ES,   I.OOKING  NORTH   FROM  THIRD, 


MAGNOI^IA  AVENUE,    RIVERSIDE. 


Condensed  Information — Southern  California 


IfiNDSlAHS 
JtRSLY, 


The  section  generally  known  as  South- 
ern California  comprises  the  seven  coun- 
ties of  IvOS  Angeles,  San  Bernardino, 
Orange,  Riverside,  San  Diego,  Ventura 
and  Santa  Barbara. 
The  total  area  of 
these  counties  is 
44  ,  901  square 
miles.  The  States 
of  Con  necticut, 
Delaware,  Massa- 
chusetts, New 
Hampshire,  New 
Jersey,  Rhode  Is- 
land and  Vermont 
could  all  be  placed 
within  the  bound- 
aries of  Southern 
California  and  still 
leave  1,154  square 
miles  to  spare.  The 
coast  line  extends 
northwest  and 
southeast  a  dis- 
tance of  about 
275  miles.  A 
13,000,000  deep-sea 
harbor  is  now  un- 
der construction  at 
San  Pedro,  near 
Los  Angeles. 

Over  $20,000,000 
are  invested  in 
mining.  Thous- 
ands of  dollars  are 
brought  here  by 
tourists. 

The  population 
in  1890  was  201,- 
352.  The  present 
population  is  esti- 
mated at  350,000. 
Los  Angei^ES  county  has  an  area  of 
4,000  square  miles,  some  four-fifths  of 
which  is  capable  of  cultivation,  with 
water  supplied.  The  shore  line  is  about 
85  miles  in  length.  The  population  has 
increased  from  33,881  in  1880  to  200,000. 
There  are  over  1 ,500,000  fruit  trees  grow- 
ing in  the  county.  Los  Angeles  city,  the 
commercial  metropolis  of  Southern  Cali- 
fornia, 15  miles  from  the  coast,  has  a 
population  of  about  115.000.  Eleven 
railroads  center  here.  The  street  car 
mileage  is  nearly  200  miles.  There  are 
over  175  miles  of  graded  and  graveled 
streets,  and  14  miles  of  paved  streets. 
The  city  is  entirely  lighted  by  electric- 
ity. Its  school  census  is  24,766  ;  bank 
deposits,  $12,000,000;  net  assessed  valu- 
ation, $61,000,000;  annual  output  of  its 
manufactures,  $20,000,000 ;  building  per- 
mits, $3,000,000,  and  bank  clearance, 
$64,000,000.     There   is  a  $500,000  court 


house,  a  $200,000  city  hall,  and  many 
large  and  costly  business  blocks. 

The  other  principal  cities  are  Pasa- 
dena, Pomona,  Azusa,  Whittier,  Downey, 
Santa  Monica,  Redondo,  Long  Beach, 
and  San  Pedro. 

San  Bernardino  County  is  the  larg- 
est county  in  the  State,  is  rich  in  miner- 
als, has  fertile  valleys.  Population  about 
35,000.  The  county  is  traversed  by  two 
railroads.  Fine  oranges  and  other  fruits 
are  raised. 

San  Bernardino  city,  the  county  seat, 
is  a  railroad  center,  with  about  8,000  peo- 
ple. The  other  principal  places  are 
Redlands,  Ontario,  Colton  and  Chino. 

Orange  County  has  an  area  of  671 
square  miles  ;  population  in  1890,  13,589. 
Much  fruit  and  grain  are  raised. 

Santa  Ana,  the  county  seat,  has  a 
population  of  over  5,000.  Other  cities 
are  Orange,  Tustin,  Anaheim  and  Fuller- 
ton. 

Riverside  County  has  an  area  of  7,000 
square  miles;  population  about  16,000. 
It  is  an  inland  county. 

Riverside  is  the  county  seat. 

Other  places  are  South  Riverside,  Fer- 
ris and  San  Jacinto. 

San  Diego  County  is  a  large  county, 
the  most  southerly  in  the  State,  adjoin- 
ing Mexico.  Population  about  45,000. 
The  climate  of  the  coast  region  is  re- 
markably mild  and  equable.  Irrigation 
is  being  rapidly  extended.  Fine  lemons 
are  raised  near  the  coast,  and  all  other 
fruits  flourish. 

San  Diego  city,  on  the  ample  bay  of 
that  name,  is  the  terminus  of  the  Santa 
Fe  railway  system,  with  a  population  of 
about  25,000. 

Other  cities  are  National  City,  Escon- 
dido,  Julian  and  Oceanside. 

Ventura  County  adjoins  Los  Ange- 
les county  on  the  north.  It  is  very 
mountainous.  There  are  many  profit- 
able petroleum  wells.  Apricots  and 
other  fruits  are  raised,  also  many  beans. 
Population  about  15,000. 

San  Buenaventura,  the  county  seat,  is 
pleasantly  situated  on  the  coast.  Popu- 
lation, 3,000.  Other  cities  are  Santa 
Paula,  Hueneme  and  Fillmore. 

Santa  Barbara  is  the  most  northern 
of  the  seven  counties,  with  a  long  shore 
line,  and  rugged  mountains  in  the  in- 
terior. •  Semi-tropic  fruits  are  largely 
raised,  and  beans  in  the  northern  part  of 
the  county. 

Santa  Barbara,  t^ie  county  seat,  is 
noted  for  its  mild  climate.  Population 
about  6,000.  Other  cities  Lompoc,  Car- 
penteria  and  Santa  Maria. 


249 

The  *' Pacific'  Wave  Motor. 

|g^^HE  last  fifty  years  have  very  seriously  modified  our  notions  about 
VP^I '  "impossibilities,"  and  the  word  is  not  so  sweepingly  or  so  com- 
X  monly  used  as  it  once  was.  It  was  not  very  long  ago  that  people 
laughed  at  the  idea  that  it  could  be  possible  to  make  your  voice  heard  hun- 
dreds of  miles  away;  but  today  these  same  people  are  using  the  telephone, 
not  as  a  mere  curiosity  or  luxury,  but  as  a  business  necessity.  There  was 
a  time,  not  far  back,  when  it  was  thought  impossible  to  make  electricity 
give  a  light  steady  enough  to  displace  kerosene  lamps  ;  or  to  make  it  a 
practicable  motive  force  for  transit ;  yet  coal-oil  lamps  and  street  car 
horses  are  gone  out  of  fashion  forever. 

The  problem  of  harnessing  the  ocean  waves,  of  saving  and  applying 
to  the  wheels  of  progress  some  part  of  that  incalculable  energy  which  is 
daily  wasted  on  every  sea  coast — a  power  so  vast  that  a  tiny  fraction  of 
it  if  conserved  and  directed  would  suffice  to  drive  the  machinery  of 
every  industry  on  earth,  is  so  important  that  it  will  not  go  unsolved  for 
want  of  effort. 

Many  inventions,  designed  to  utilize  this  vast  power  have  been  tried  ; 
and  some  have  fallen  but  little  short  of  success  Yet  so  glittering  a  re- 
ward as  awaits  the  successful  wave  motor  will  bring  it,  if  it  is  within 
human  power  and  ingenuity.  The  chief  difficulties  have  been  1st,  how 
to  control  the  force  of  the  waves  so  as  to  produce  a  steady  and  even 
power  suitable  for  mechanical  purposes  ;  2d,  to  provide  against  storms  ; 
3d,  to  devise  an  automatic  adaptation  to  the  tide,  high  or  low ;  and  4th, 
to  protect  the  floats  and  wharf  from  damage. 

The  Pacific  Wave  Motor  Co.  of  this  city  has  been  granted  a  patent  on 
an  invention  which  is  arousing  decided  public  interest ;  and  believes 
that  it  has  solved  these  knotty  problems.  The  inventors  have  profited 
by  the  mistakes  or  shortcomings  of  other  motors  ;  and  are  confident  that 
they  have  overcome  all  these  obstacles. 

DESCRIPTION. 

The  plans  of  this  wave  motor  consist  principally  of  a  wharf,  floats, 
displacement  hydraulic  pumps,  and  a  waterwheel.  The  wharf  is  con- 
structed so  that  the  floats  are  located  where  the  best  average  waves  or 
ground  swells  are  obtainable,  which  is  out  just  beyond  where  the  waves 
begin  to  break.  There  are  two  floats  20x16  feet  each,  fastened  together 
in  tandem  by  heavy  rails  60  feet  long.  An  open  space  is  left  between 
the  two  floats  so  that  a  double  action  is  received  from  each  wave.  The 
float  is  connected  with  a  12-inch  displacement  hydraulic  pump  by 
means  of  cables  passing  up  through  the  wharf  and  running  over  puUy 
wheels  and  fastened  to  the  plunger.  As  the  float  rises  with  the  waves 
a  counter-weight,  which  is  connected  with  the  end  of  the  plunger, 
keeps  the  cables  tight  and  at  the  same  time  pulls  the  plunger  out  ready 
to  be  forced  in  again  as  the  float  lowers. 

Each  float  is  loaded  to  the  weight  of  about  25  tons.  This  produces 
a  pressure  of  440  pounds  to  the  square  inch  in  the  pumps,  forcing  the 
water  into  a  receiver  containing  air.  This,  being  compressed  to  the 
same  pressure,  forms  a  cushion  and  produces  a  perfectly  steady  stream 
of  water  which  is  forced  upon  a  waterwheel.  From  there  the  water 
drops  into  a  supply  tank,  where  a  pipe  leading  direct  to  the  pumps, 
furnishes  the  pumps  with  a  supply  of  water.  Thus,  the  same  water  is 
used  over  and  over  again  ;  and  as  fresh  water  is  used  it  does  not  rust 
out  the  pumps  as  would  be  the  case  with  salt  water. 

The  pipe  leading  from  the  receiver  to  the  waterwheel  is  provided  with 
a  throttle  valve  which  can  be  gauged  to  govern  the  action  of  the  floats, 
so  that  they  cannot  lower  faster  than  the  water  is  released  from  the  re- 
ceiver, thus  giving  perfect  control  of  the  floats  in  case  of  storms  and 
heavy  waves ;  because  the  floats  will  be  allowed  to  drop  only  at  the 


rate  of  a  certain  number  of  feet  per 
minute  according  to  how  high  and 
fast  the  waves  are  coming  in.  As 
the  swells  vary  from  three  to  eight 
per  minute,  it  is  declared  that  this 
throttle  valve  will  govern  and  pro- 
duce a  perfectly  steady  power 
from  the  intermittent  motion  of 
the  ocean. 

Many  wave  motors  are  able  to 
work  only  when  the  tide  is  at  a 
certain  height.  This  motor  claims 
to  have  overcome  that  feature  by 
making  the  hydraulic  pumps 
twent}'  feet  long,  which  allows 
the  plunger  to  work  at  all  tides, 
high  or  low. 

The  improved  plan  adopted  by 
this  wave  motor  in  guiding  the 
floats  is  shown  in  the  small  illus- 
tration on  the  third  page  of  this 
article,  presenting  an  end  view  of 
the  float  in  position  between  the 
piling.  A  traveler  carried  on  an 
arm  from  the  deck  of  the  float 
runs  on  a  heavy  steel  guide  cable 
bridged  out  about  a  foot  from  the 
piles,  thus  forming  a  spring  to  take  up  the  force  of  each  blow  and  pro- 
tect the  piles  and  floats  completely.  This  arm  is  also  provided  with  a 
traveler  at  the  other  end  and  allows  the  float  to  take  its  natural  sway 
backward  and  forward.  There  is  also  a  long  guy  cable,  connected  with 
the  floats,  and  anchored  one  hundred  or  more  feet  from  the  floats  as 
shown  by  the  dotted  lines  in  the  large  illustration,  to  relieve  all  strain 
from  the  wharf. 

The  floats  are  ballasted  with  water  and  provided  with  valves  by  which 
they  can  be  filled  or  emptied  in  a  very  short  time,  also  partitions  are 
constructed  within  the  floats  to  keep  the  water  from  moving  when  the 
float  is  in  motion. 

Engineers  who  have  investigated  and  figured  out  the  working  capacity 
of  this  motor,  say  that  a  little  more  than  one-horse  power  can  be  devel- 
oped for  every  foot  of  ocean  frontage  used,  and  that  the  cost  to  build 
and  maintain  a  large  plant  will  not  exceed  the  cost  of  a  regular  steam 
plant. 

Fuel  is  the  greatest  item  of  cost  in  generating  power,  but  a  wave- 
motor  has  the  advantage,  because  its  fuel  is  furnished  by  the  wave  motion 
free  of  cost. 

OPINIONS. 

J.  D.  Mercereau,  the  well  known  wharf  builder,  says  "The  plan  is 
perfectly  feasible,  and  will  guarantee  to  build  a  wharf  that  will  carry 
the  weight  and  withstand  storms." 

Fred  Baker,  of  the  Baker  Iron  Works,  says,  "Your  plan  is  entirely 
feasible,  and,  in  fact,  the  only  practical  plan  of  a  wave  motor  I  have 
ever  seen.     The  principle  is  all  right  and  will  work." 

E.  M.  Boggs,  engineer  for  the  Southern  California  Power  Company, 
also  for  the  Bear  Valley  Irrigation  Company,  says,  "  I  am  surprised, 
both  at  the  simplicity  and  feasibility  of  the  proposition.  They  have 
unlimited  power  and  have  it  under  perfect  control." 

F.  H.  Olmstead,  city  engineer,  says,  "  I  have  examined  the  plans  of 
the  Pacific  Wave  Motor,  and  am  satisfied  if  they  stay  by  it  it  will  be  a 
perfect  success.     It  certainly  is  a  feasible  proposition." 

Chas  D.  Martin,  engineer  for  the  Southern  Pacific  Railway,  and  C.J. 
Goucher,  city  engineer  for  Long  Beach,  both  say,  "The  plan  of  the 
motor  is  perfectly  practical." 

R.  C.  Shepherd,  machinist  and  inventor  of  a  power-head  for  deep- 
well  pumping,  says,  "  I  have  investigated  the  proposition  thoroughly, 
and  it  looks  to  me  as  though  it  would  be  a  perfect  success." 

Further  information  can  be  secured  from  the  inventors,  Messrs.  H.  T. 
Hollingsworth,  A.  Lee  Perley  and  A.  R.  Hamilton,  of  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "saw  it  in  the  I<and  of  Sunshink.' 


WILL  develop  or  reduce 
any  part  of  the  body 

A  Perfect  Complexion  Beautifier 
and 

Remover  of  Wrinkles 

Dr.JohnWilsonGibbs' 

THE  ONLY 

Electric  Massage  Roller 

(Patented  United  States,   Europe, 
Canada.) 
"  Hs  work  is  not  confined  to  the 
face  alone,  but  will  do  good  to  any 
Trade-Mark  Registered.       part  of  the  body  to  which  it  is  ap- 
plied, developing  or  reducing  as  desired      It  is  a  very  prettj 
addition  to  the  toilet-table." — Chicago  Tribune. 

"This  delicate  Electric  Beautifier  remoTes  all  facial  blemishes 
It  is  the  only  positive  remover  of  wrinkles  and  crow's-feet.  It 
never  fails  to  perform  all  that  is  expected." — Chicago  Times- 
Herald. 

"The  Electric  Roller  is  certainly  productive  of  good  results. 
I  believe  it  the  best  of  any  appliances     It  is  safe  and  effective  " 
— Harbiet  Hubbard  Atsr,  New  York  World. 

For  Massage  and  Curative  Purposes 

An  Electric  Roller  in  all  the  term  implies  The  invention  of  a 
physician  and  electrician  known  throughout  this  country  an<t 
Europe.  A  most  perfect  complexion  beautifier  Will  remove 
wrinkles,  "crow's-feet"  (premature  or  from  age),  and  all  facial 
blemishes— POSITIVE.  Whenever  electricity  is  to  be  used  for 
massaging  or  curative  purposes,  it  has  no  equal.  No  chareing. 
Will  last  forever  Always  ready  for  use  on  ALL  PARTS  OF  THE 
BODY,  for  all  diseases.  For  Rheumatism,  Sciatica,  Neuralgia, 
Nervous  and  Circulatory  Diseases,  a  specific  The  professional 
standing  of  the  inventor  (you  are  referred  to  the  public  press 
for  the  past  fifteen  years),  with  the  approval  of  this  country 
and  Europe,  is  a  perfect  guarantee.  PRICE:  Gold,  $4  00; 
Silver,  $3.00.  By  mail,  or  at  office  of  Gibbs'Company,  1370 
Broadway,  New  York.    Circular  free. 

The  Only  Electric  Roller. 
All  others  so  called  are  Fraudulent  Imitations. 


Copyright.  Copyright. 

"Can  take  a  pound  a  day  off  a  patient,  or  put  it  on." — New 
York  Sun,  Aug.  30,  1891.  Send  for  lecture  on  "Great  Subject  of 
Fat."        NO  DIETING.        NO    HARD  WORK. 

Dr.  John  Wilson  GIbbs'  Obesity  Cure 
For  the  Permanent  Reduction  and  Cure  of  Obesity 

Purely  Vegetable.  Harmless  and  Positive.  NO  FAILURE.  Your 
reduction  is  assured— reduced  to  stay.  One  months  treatment 
$5.00.  Mail,  or  office,  1370  Broadway,  New  York  "On  obesity, 
Dr.  Gibbs  is  a  recognized  authority.— N.  Y.  Press,  1899." 

REDUCTION  GUARANTEED 

"The  cure  is  based  on  Nature's  laws  "—New  York  Herald. 
July  9,  1893, 


How's  This  ! 

We  offer  One  Hundred  Dollars  reward  for  any 
case  of  Catarrh  that  cannot  be  cured  by  Hall's 
Catarrh  Cure. 

F.  J.  CHENEY  &  CO.,  Toledo,  O. 

We,  the  undersigned,  have  known  F.  J.  Cheney 
for  the  last  15  years,  and  believe  him  perfectly 
honorable  in  all  business  transactions  and  finan- 
cially able  to  carry  out  any  obligations  made  by 
their  firm. 

West  &  Truax,  Wholesale  Druggists.  Toledo,  O. 
Walding,  Kinnan  &  Marvin,  Wholesale  Drug- 
gists,  Toledo,  O, 

Hall's  Catarrh  Cure  is  taken  internally,  acting 
directly  upon  the  blood  and  mucous  surfaces  of 
the  system.  Testimonials  sent  free.  Price  75c. 
per  bottle.    Sold  by  all  druggists. 

Umbrella  Economy. 
Umbrella  covers  wear  out — the  frame 
doesn't,  but  although  it  represents  a 
large  portion  of  the  cost  of  an  umbrella, 
it  generally  becomes  useless  when  the 
cover  is  ruined.  But  now  comes  Jones- 
Mullen  Co.,  396  Broadway,  N.  Y.,  with 
a  patent  adjustable  umbrella  roof  of  all 
sizes,  qualities  and  prices,  which  any 
one  can  fit  to  a  frame.  If  interested, 
send  for  their  artistic  booklet  entitled 
Umbrella  Economy.  Also,  see  adv.  on 
outside  cover  of  this  magazine. 

Another  Good  Thing. 
The  California  Cream  of  Lemon  Co., 
who  have  always  known  that  they  had  a 
good  thing,  have  reorganized  in  order  to 
let  the  world  also  know  it.  Its  general 
ofi&ces  have  been  moved  from  San  Diego 
to  the  Wilcox  Bldg.,  Los  Angeles,  with 
Mr.  C.  R.  Ming  as  president.  The  cor- 
poration still  includes  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Grapewine,  the  inventors. 

CHAS.  E.  MARSHALL 

Wood  Mantels 

TII.ES  AND  GRATES 

Tel.  Brown  1821  Correspondence  Solicited 

514  S.  Spring  St.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Manufacturer  and 
Retail  De»ler  in 


Fine  shoes 

5       There  is  not  a  shoddy  pair  of  shoes  in  our  entire  stock.*    Our 


ixruiJTruTJTj  iJxnjxTLnjxnj  TJTJiJ^iJxr  UTJT^^ 


name  is  stamped  on  every  shoe  we  sell,  and  we  propose  that  our 
name  shall  stand  for  good  quality,  fine  style  and  long  service. 
We  are  building  up  a  name,  not  excessive  profits,  and  for  that   ^ 
reason  you  are  sure  of  the  best  at  the  lowest  price. 


Tel.  Red  3441 

225  South  Broadway 

Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


mjUTJTjarLTLnnjTj 


C.  M.  5taub  Shoe  Co. 


Mail  Orders  Solicited 

ijTjTjxruiJxruuTJTJTJxnjiiT/irinruTJxnjTJiJ^^ 


uub 


F.  B.  Silverwood  for  Mackintoshes  and  Umbrellas. 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Land  of  Sunshine.' 


Or 
it/ 
Hit 


H.JEVNE 


0/ 

ADVANTAGES  ?  LARGE  STORE  | 

at 

I.OS  ANGEI^ES  .\[^ 


WHOLESALE    AND    RETAIL    GROCER 

THE 


Large  purchasing  ability,  and  consequently  low  prices  to  customers. 
Anything  in  edibles,  beverages  or  smokes,  and  the  best  and  the  freshest. 

No  Frelg-ht  Charges  on  orders  within  a  radius  of  seventy-five  miles. 

Send  for  Catalogue. 

YOU    ARE    ALWAYS    SAFE    AT   JEVNE'S 

210    SOUTH    SPRING    STREET 


208 

\f    Telephone  Main  99  


^j\^OXS, 


DESSKI.'  ■  -^ 


BELGIAN  HARES 


make  the  finest  table 
meat.    Can  raise  them 
yourself.    See  F.  A.  SCHNEIvL  about  it. 

424  N.  Beaudry  Ave.,  lyOS  Angeles. 


FOR     MEATS.     FISH,     GRAVIES. 

SOUPSA&C.  THIS  SAUCE 

HAS  NO  EQUAL 

Manufactured  and  Bottled  only  by 

GEORGE  WILLIAMS  CO..  , 

LOS  Angeles^  Cal.    ^ 

If  this  sauce  is  not  satisfactory,  retorn  it  to  your     tl 

grocer  and  he  will  refund  your  money.  t^ 

Gkobqk  Williams  Co.         L 

:-2^  Z^S-Z^STZ^STZ^  "Z^-Z^ 


••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••a* 


American 
Beet  Sugar  Co. 


FACTORIES  AT 


Oxnard  and  Chino,  California 


GUARANTEED 


To  be  the  Finest  Sugars      •; 
And  will  Preserve  Fruits     :: 


F.  B.  Silverwood's  big  store  is  at  1:54:  South  Spring:  St. 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Land  op  Sunshins.' 


YOUNG 
OR  OLD 


EVERY  WOMAN 

Who  Values  Bargains 


Importers  and  Manufacturers 

OF 

DRESS  SKIRTS 

UNDERSKIRTS 

SILK  WAISTS 

SHIRT  WAISTS 
MORNING  ROBES 
DRESSING  SACQUES 

WRAPPERS 

COLLARETTES 

JACKETS 

CAPES 
TAILOR  SUITS 


in  Stylish,  dainty, 
serviceable  goods, 
should  call  and  in- 
spect our  stock  or 

Write 

for 

Catalogue 

Skirts  Made  to  Order 


<  NEW  YORK  SKIRT  CO., 

C  341  South  Spring  St.»  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


SI  "^ 


Satin  Cerate 

Cleanses  and  beautifies  the 
skin  and  creates  a  lovely 
complexion.  Sold  by  the 
Boston  Dry  Goods  Store  and 
all  druggists  in  Los  Angeles 
and  Southern  California 
towns. 

PREPARED    BY 

Mrs.  Wcavcr-Jackson 

Manufacturer  ot 

Toiet  Luxuries  and  Specialties 

318  S.  SPRING  ST. 

Wig  Making.    Hair  Store.   Toilet  Parlors 


Send  for  Booklet  "  Comfort  and  Beauty.' 


Tt  looks  lust  like 
new.  «  «  Didn't 
sbrink  a  bit.  •  « 


Perfect  dry  cleaning 

Eadies*  Garments «  Gentlemen's  Garments  «  Also  children's 

Clothing  renovated  by  our  dry  cleaning  process  without 
fading  or  shrinkage.     Send  for  our  new  fall  price  list.  ::  :: 

CITY     DYE     WORKS       DURAND  &  JENKINS,  props. 
245  SOUTH  BROADWAY     ::     ::     ::     LOS  ANGELES,  CALIFORNIA 


PLEASK  MENTION  THIS  MAGAZINE 


F.  B.  Silverwood'8  best  Hats  are  $3;  regular  $5  qualities. 


Wlien  answering  adyertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  I.amd  of  tjunsHiirB.' 


AGENTS  WANTED 

r\     In  WASHINGTON  


In  WASHINGTON 

OREGON 

ARIZONA 

NEW   MEXICO 

COLORADO 
and  CALIFORNIA 


The 
Greatest 

Disinfectant, 
Antiseptic 

and 

Microbe 
Destroyer. 

Kills  Ants. 
Moths,     Fleas, 
Roaches,  etc. 


POTTER'S  PERFECT  PURIFIER 

Cures  Eczema,    Saltrheum,   Mange,  Ring- 
worm, Poison  Oak  and  Ivy. 

Endorsed  by  Physicians,  City  and  County 
Officials,  Hotels,  etc. 

Call  or  write  for  terms. 
S.  CARDER  SMITH,  Gen'l  Agt  , 

116  S.  Broadway,  L.08  Angeles. 


FROM  THE  LAND  OF  FLOWERS 
PERFUiWES 

Orange  Blossom,    Carnation 
Violet 
LAUX,  Los  Angeles 


Buy  Direct  from  tlie  Producers 

California  Ostrich  Feathers 

FOR   55C. 

We  will  send  prepaid  a  handsome  demi-plume ; 
for  $1.45,  a  bunch  of  3  tips ;  for  $2.85,  an  18-inch 
plume.  Not  woolly  feathers,  but  fine  black  lustre. 
Being  fresh  from  the  birds  will  stay  in  curl  and 
wear  for  years.  Our  handsome  illustrated  cata- 
logue mailed  Free  with  each  order,  or  for  a  2c. 
stamp. 

OSTRICH    FARM 

SOUTH    PASADENA,    CAL. 

Ind  ependent  of  the  Feather  Trust. 


Anita  Cream 

makes  a  dark  skin 
lighter,  cleaner,  purer. 
It  removes  all  discolor- 
atious.  It  is  a  medical 
preparation  which 
cures,  it  actually  coax- 
es a  new  skin  to  the 
surface.  The  removing 
of  tan  is  the  least  im- 
portant of  its  accom- 
plishments. It  removes 
blotches,  pimples, 
moth  and  liver  patch- 
es, and  restores  the 
clear,  transparent 
beauty  of  youth. 


ANITA  CREAM  CO.,  "  VAN  NUYS." 

Los  Angeles,  Cal.  September  nineteenth. 

Gentlbmen  :  During  my  recent  trip  from  New  York  to  Los 
Angeles,  the  dust,  wind  and  exposure  so  tanned  my  face  and  hands 
that  upon  arriving  here  I  was  urged  by  my  friends  to  use  Anita 
Cream.  In  so  short  a  time  it  has  entirely  removed  every  vestige  of 
my  long  trip  and  the  result  is  most  satisfactory. 

Very  truly  yours, 
Los  Angeles.  Cal.  BLANCHE  BATES. 


3mviPIvES  FKSC  All  druggists  can  supply  Anita  Cream,  or  you  can  send  50  cents  to 
us.  For  10  cents  to  pay  postage  and  package  we  will  send  a  free  sample  and  a  9  x  16  lithographic 
art  study  suitable  for  framing.    No  printing  on  picture. 

ANITA  CREAM  Adv.  Bureau, 
215  Franklin  Street,  lios  Angeles,  Cal. 


F.  B.  Silverwood  carries  the  largest  stock  of  Neckwear  in  Los  Angeles. 


Of=-ThE', 


30UTnWE5T. 

Telephone  Green  1545 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  I, and  of  Sunshine. 


Men's  Swell 
Clothing... 

Fall  and  Winter  1899-1900 

ORDER  BY  LETTER 


Out  of  town  customers  find  it  far  more 
satisfactory  to  send  to  us  for  samples  and 
get  our  ready- tailored  suits  and  overcoats 
than  to  take  chances  with  the  traveling 
so  called  custom  made  fakes.  Our  goods 
are  the  finest  and  we  are  here  to  correct 
any  errors  made.  We  are  agents  for  the 
best  wholesale  tailors  in  the  world,  in- 
cluding Rogers,  Peet  &  Co.,  and  Stein, 
Bloch  Co.  Send  to  us  for  samples  of 
goods  and  instructions  for  self-measure- 
ment. 


Men's  Suits 
Boys'  Suits 


$10.00  and  up 
2.00  and  up 


Mullen,  Bluett  &  Co., 

N.  W.  Cor.  First  and  Spring  Streets 
LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 


e^x-z^s-z^^-z^  T^s-z^sT^s-T^-z^r-z^s-T^r^^-zjs-z^s-z^s-z^^z^-z^^^ 


Historical  Salt  Lake  City... 


The  historic  interest  attached  to  this  peculiarly  beautiful  city  and  its 
wonderful  "  Dead  Sea "  makes  it  unusually  attractive  to  the  tourist. 
Lying  nearly  one  mile  obove  the  sea,  its  combined  mountain  and  sea  air 
is  dry  and^most  invigorating.  The  great  "  Temple"  and  "Tabernacle" 
are  the  wonders  of  modern  times  and  are  worth  miles  of  travel  to  see  and 
enjoy.    The  large  fire-poof  and  leading  hotel  is 


"1 


^ 


Etrfz. 


The  New  and  Elegant  KNUTSFORD 

known  ;. throughout  the  United  States  as  one  of  the  best.  Centrally 
located,  near  all  points  of  interest,  and  comprises  everything  for  the 
comfort  and  pleasure  of  its  patrons.  "THE  KNUTSFORD  '  will  add  to 
the  general  pleasure  of  a  visit  to  this  wonderful  city. 

Ar  v^y  ^^  y^  rC-y  y^  x^  ^1-7  T^  ^:^  v^r  ^r^  y^  v^  ^.T^..  ^^^^^v^'^^v^v^7  -nU   v^ 


^ 


Write  F.  B.  Silverwood  about  Underwear  for  Men, 


Educational  Department 


Occideiital  College. 


POMONA  COLLEGE 


CLAREMONT 
CAL. 


Courses  leading  to  degrees  of  B.A.,  B.S..  and 
B.L.  Its  degrees  are  recognized  by  University 
of  California.  Stanford  University,  and  all 
the  Eastern  Universities. 

Also  preparatory  School,  fitting  for  all  Col- 
leges, and  a  School  of  Music  of  high  grrade 

Address.  FRANK  J..  FERGUSON, 

President. 


Pasadena. 

MISS  ORTOK'S 
Boarding  and  Day  School  for  Qirls 

Certificate  admits  to  Eastern  Colleges 

184  S.  Knclid  Ave. 

LASELL  SEMINARY  FOR  Y0UN6  WOMEN 

AUBURNDALE,   MASS. 

"In  your  walking  and  sitting  so  much  more 
erect  ;  in  your  general  health  ;  in  your  conversa- 
tion ;  in  your  way  of  meeting  people,  and  in  in- 
numerable ways,  I  could  see  the  benefit  you  are 
receiving  from  your  training  and  associations  at 
Lasell.  All  this  you  must  know  is  very  gratifying 
to  me." 

So  a  father  wrote  to  his  daughter  after  her 
Christmas  vacation  at  home.  It  is  unsolicited 
testimony  as  to  Lasell's  success  in  some  im- 
portant lines. 

Those  who  think  the  time  of  their  daughters 
is  worth  more  than  money,  and  in  the  quality  of 
the  conditions  which  are  about  them  during 
school-life  desire  the  very  best  that  the  East  can 
offer,  will  do  well  to  send  for  the  illustrated  cat- 
alogue. C.  C.  BRAGDON,  Principal. 


Occidental  College 

I.OS  ANGELES,  CAL. 

Three  Courses:     classical,  Literary, 

Scientific,  leading  to  degrees  of  B,  A.,  B.  L.,  and 
B.  S.    Thorough  Preparatory  Department. 

Winter  term  began  January  3, 1899. 

Address  the  President, 

Rev.  Ony  W.  IVadsworth. 

CHAFFEY  COLLEGE,  ontan.,  cai. 

Well  endowed.      Most    healthful  location. 

Enter  from  8th  grade. 

Opens  Sept.  29.    $250.00  per  year. 
Elm  Hall,  for  young  ladies,  under  charge  of 

cultured  lady  teachers.    Highest  standards . 
West  Hall,  for  boys,  home  of  family  of  Dean, 

and  gentlemen  teachers. 

WHAT  A  FATHER  THINKS  .... 

An  unsolicited  opinion 
from  the  father  of  one  of 
our  boys  : 

*  *  *  "Our  best  thanks  are 
due  you  for  your  unfailing  kind- 
ness shown  our  son  during  his 
residence  at  the  Academy,  and 
while  he  seems  to  have  done 
very  well  with  his  studies,  what 
is  of  far  more  consequence  is 
the  influence  which  makes  for 
manliness  and  character  build- 
ings already  apparent  in  this 
child  after  a  single  term." 

Fifth  Annual  Catalogue  ot 

Los  Angeles 
Academy 

Mailed  to  any  address  upon  ap- 
plication to  W.  R,  WHEAT,  Bus- 
iness Manager. 

Fall  term  commences  Septem- 
ber 26,  1899. 

SANFORDA.  HOOPER,A.  M., 

Bead  Masster. 

GRENVILLEC.  EMERY.  A.  M., 
EDWARD  L    HARDY,  B.  L.. 

Associate  Masters 


GIRLS'  COLLEGIATE  SCHOOL 

1918-S2-24-26 

Sonth  Orand  ATenne, 
,    Ii08  Ang^eles 

ALiCB  K.  Parsons,  B.  A«, 

JEANNB  W.  DbNNBN, 

Principals. 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Land  of  Sunshine.' 


(g 


los  j^/yge/es 


212     in^EST    THIRD    STREET 


Is  the  oldest  established,  has  the  largest  attendance,  and  is  the  best  equipped 
business  college  on  the  Pacific  Coast.     Catalogue  and  circulars  free. 

DIFFERENT    IN    EVERY    FEATURE 

The  Brownsberger  Home  School  of  Shorthand  and  Typewriting 

903    SOUTH   BROADWAY,    1.08    ANGEI^ES,    CAI^IFOKNIA 

Large  lawn  and  porches  where  pupils  study,  and  dictate.  Individual  instruction  only.  Half  day 
attendance  all  that  is  necessary.  Only  teachers  of  long  experience  do  any  teaching.  This  is  the  only 
Shorthand  School  on  the  coast  that  has  a  business  oflBce  training  department.  A  new  machine 
furnished  each  pupil  at  his  home  without  extra  charge.      Send  for  catalogue. 

Corner  Broadway  and  Ninth  Street.     Tel.  White  4871. 


226  S.  Spring  St.,     Los  Angei.es,  Cai.. 

Oldest,  largest  and  best.    Send  for  catalogue. 
N.  G.  Felkeb.,  President 
John  W.  Hood,  John  W.  I,ackbt, 

Vice-President  Secretary 

Telephone  Green  1848. 


A  MODERN  ART  SCHOOL 

At  the  University  of  Southern. 
California. 
Directed  by 

Prof.   W.    1,.  JUDSON. 

Offices,  415  Blanchard  Art  Building-,. 
Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


est  Equipped   Establish- 
ment in  the  Southwest 


ARTISTIC 
FURNITURE 

MADE  TO  ORDER 


Send  for  Designs  and 
Estimates 


LOS  ANGELES, 
CAL. 


TRADE  MARK" 


ANTILENE 


The  Guaranteed  Ant,  Bed 
Bug  and  Moth   ^Exterminator* 

Evidence  :  Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  Aug.  18,  1899. 

The  Antilene  Co.,  Dear  Sirs :  We  have  been  annoyed  for  a 
number  of  years  by  ants,  and  have  used  every  known  remedy  we 
could  hear  of  to  get  rid  of  them.  It  has  now  been  two  months  since 
we  commenced  the  use  of  your  ANTIIiENE,  and  we  have  entirely 
rid  ourselves  of  ants  from  our  factory  by  the  use  of  your  preparation. 
Yours  tru'y,  BISHOP  &  COMPANY, 

Candy  and  Cracker  Manufacturers. 
Price  of  Bottles  25c.,  50c.,  $1.00.    Sent  on  receipt  of  price. 


THE  ANTILENE  COMPANY,  316  SOUTH  BROADWAY,  LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 


F.  B.  Silver  wood's  guarantee  goes  with  every  article  he  sells. 


Announcement  of  Books  to  be  Issued  This  Fall  by 

THE  MACMILLAN  COMPANY 


FICTION 


CASTIiE.  —  Young    April.      By  EGERTON 

CASTLE,  author  of  "  The  Pride  of  Jennico  " 

Cloth,  12tno,  $1.50.    Illustrated  by  Wenzell. 

Ready  in  October. 

GIBSON.  —  My  I.ady  and   Allan   Darke. 

By   CHARLES    DONNEL    GIBSON.      Cloth, 
12mo,  $1.50.  Ready  in  October. 

A  fascinating:  picture  of  life  on  a  last-century 
plantation,  with  a  cleverly  constructed  under- 
current of  love  and  mystery. 

HETTLETT.— I^lttle  Novels  of  Italy.     By 

MAURICE  HEWLETT,  author  of  "The  Forest 
Lovers,"  etc.    Cloth,  12mo,  $1.50, 

Ready  in  September. 

MASON.— Miranda  of  the  Balcony.   By  A. 

E.  W.  MASON,   author  of  "The  Courtship  of 

Maurice  Buckler,"  etc.     Cloth,  12mo,  $1.50. 

Ready  in  September. 

Scenes  in  Spain  and  Morocco,  etc. 


SHERWOOD.  —  Henry  Worthington. 
Idealist.  By  MARGARET  SHERWOOD, 
author  of  "An  Experiment  in  Altruism,"  etc. 
Cloth,  12mo,  $1.50.  Ready  in  September. 

A  vigorous  study  of  social  and  economic  prob  - 
lems,  underlying  which  is  a  simple,  attractive 
love  story. 


ZANGWILI..— They  That  Walk  in  Dark- 
ness. Ghetto  Tragedies.  By  I.  ZANG- 
WILL,  author  of  "Children  of  the  Ghetto," 
etc.     Cloth,  12mo,  $1.50.    Ready  in  November . 

ZOIiA.  —  Fruitfulness.  By  EJMILE  ZOLA 
author  of  "Lourdes,"  "Rome,"  "Paris."  etc. 
Two  volumes,  12mo,  $3.00.     Ready  in  October. 

The  first  of  a  new  series,  of  which  the  other 
volumes  are  to  be  "Work,"  "Truth,"  and 
"Justice." 


BIOGRAPHY 


HAPGOOD.— Abraham  I^incoln.  The  Man 

OF  THE  People.  By  NORMAN  HAPGOOD, 
author  of  "Daniel  Webster."  etc.  Illustrated. 
Cloth,  cr.  8vo.  Ready  in  October. 

lilEBEB.  —  Francis  liieber.  His  Life, 
Times,  and  Poiitical  Philosophy.  Edited 
by  LEWIS  R.  HARTLEY.     Cloth,  cr.  8vo. 

Ready  in  September. 
Of  interest  to  all,  and  pre-eminently  to  those 
who  knew  Professor  Lieber  as  a  distinguished 
member  for  fifteen  years  of  the  faculty  of  Colum- 
bia College. 


PEPYS — The    Diary    of   Samuel    Pepys. 

Edited  by   HENRY  B.  WHEATLEY,  F.  S.  A.  ♦ 
Vol.  IX.    Containing  Pepysiana  and  Index,  con- 
cluding the  work.    Cloth,  12mo.  $1.50  net. 

Ready  in  September. 

SPAKKS The  Men  Who  Made  the  Na- 
tion. By  EDWIN  E.  SPARKS,  University  of 
Chicago.    Fully  illustrated.    Cloth,  12mo. 

Ready  in  October. 
Practically  an  outline  of  the   history  of    the 

United  States  in  biographical  pictures. 


HISTORICAL  FICTION 


CRAWFORD Via  Crucis.  A  Romance  of 

THE  Second  Crusade.  By  F.  MARION 
CRAWFORD,  author  of  "  Saracinesca,"  etc. 
Cloth,  12mo,  $1.50.    Illustrated. 

Ready  in  October. 

DIX.  —Soldier  Rigdale.  How  He  Sailed 
IN  THE  "  Mayflower  ' '  and  How  He  Served 
Miles  Standish.  By  BEULAH  MARIE  DIX, 
author  of  "  Hugh  Gwyeth,  a  Roundhead  Cava- 
lier."    Cloth,  8vo,  $1.50.    Ready  in  September. 

CANATAN.  —  Ben  Comee.  A  Tale  of 
Rogers'  Rangers.  By  M.  j.  CANAVAN. 
Cloth,  12mo,  $1.50.  Ready  in  October. 

With  illustrations  by  George  Gibbs. 


BARNES Drake    and  His   Yeomen.     A 

True  account  ok  the  Character  and  Ad- 
ventures of  Sir  Francis  Drake,  as  Told 
BY  Sir  Matthew  Maunsell,  His  Friend 
AND  Follower,  Wherein  is  Set  Forth 
Much  of  the  Narrator's  Private  History. 
By  JAMES  BARNES,  author  of  "  Yankee  Ships 
and  Yankee  Sailors,"  etc.  Illustrated  by  Carl- 
ton Chapman.    Cloth,  12mo,  $3.00. 

Ready  in  October. 
Based  on  a  matter  of  absolute  record  in  history, 
but  such  history  as  reads  like  a  romance. 

FROISSART.  —  Stories    from    Froissart. 

Edited  by  H.  NEWBOLT,  author  of  "Admirals 
All,"  etc.  With  many  illustrations  after  the 
early  MS.       Cloth,  12mo.    Ready  in  September. 


HISTORY 


APPIAN.— The  Roman  History  of  Ap- 
pian  of  Alexandria.  Translated  from  the 
Greek  by  HORACE  WHITE,  LL  D.  Two 
volumes.    Illustrated. 

I.    Foreign  Wars.    II.    Civil  Wars. 
Cloth,  8vo.  Ready  in  September, 

MACDONAIiD.  —  Select  Charters  and 
Other  Documents  Illustrative  of 
American  History,  1606-1775.  Edited, 
^ith  notes,  by  WILLIAM  MACDONALD, 
Bowdoin  College,  editor  of  "  Select  Documents 
Illustrative  of  the  History  of  the  United  States, 
1776  1861."    Cloth,  Svo.         Ready  in  September. 

SMITH.-The  United  Kingdom:  A  Po- 
litical   History.      By  GOLDWIN    SMITH, 


D.C.L.,  author  of  " 
litical  History,"  etc. 


The  United  States :  A  Po- 
Two  volumes,  cr.  Svo. 

Ready  in  November. 


WATSON.— The  Story  of  France.  From 
THE  Earliest  Times  to  the  Consulate  of 
Napoleon  Bonaparte.  By  the  Hon.  THOMAS 
E.  WATSON. 

Vol.  II.  From  the  End  of  the  Reign  of 
Louis  XV.  to  the  consulate  of  Napoleon 
Bonaparte.    Cloth,  Svo,  $2.50. 

Ready  in  .September. 

"  It  will  be  the  crown  of  the  entire  work.  We 
have  every  right  to  expect  it  to  be  an  exposition 
which  will  attract  the  notice  of  the  world."— TA^ 
Evening  Telegraph,  Phila. 


The  Macmillan  Announcement  List  lor  the  coming  season  contains  so  many  titles  that  but  a  few  are 
named  here.  A  similar  list,  a  selection  of  Forthcoming  Books  on  Literature,  Archaeology,  Education, 
Politics,  Philosophy,  and  the  Sciences  will  follow  this  very  shortly. 

Send  for  the  fuller  and  complete  List,  now  in  press,  of  the  Forthcoming  Publications  of 

THE  MACMILLAN  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK 


when  aiisweriilg  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "saw  it  in  the  Land  6lr  SumsbInb." 

Life 
Income  Investments. 

BEARING 

CALIFORNIA  ALMOND 

ORCHARDS 


In  the  South  Antelope  Valley,  the  Greatest  Almond 
District  in  the  World,  on  the 

Insurance  ^Annuity  Plan 

Safest  and  Most  Remunerative  Proposition  Ever  Devised.    Cash  or  Time 

Payments.     No  Interest.     Perpetual  Income  Assured  to  Investor 

if  He  Lives,  to  His  Family  if  He  Dies. 

DEATH    OF   INVESTOR 

Cancels  all  unmatured  payments,  beneficiary  secures  bearing  five-year-old  almond  orchard  and 
income  from  same  fiee  and  clear,  also  $250.00  to  $1,200.00  a  year  in  cash,  and  $1,000.00  to  $5,000.00 
residence  erected  on  the  property,  or  one-half  the  cost  of  residence  in  cash.  Death  of  investor  with- 
out other  estate  or  insurance  leaves  beneficiary  amply  provided  for  for  life.  Property  deeded  in  trust 
at  the  outset  to  the 

STATE    BANK    AND    TRUST    COMPANY 

Of  L.08  Angeles,    Paid-up  Capital  S500,000.00 

Cash  Benefits  Guaranteed  by  the  TRAVELERS  INSURANCE  CO. 

Of  Hartford,  i/onn.,  and  other  old  line  companies. 

TWO   PLANS. 

5ale  of  Individual  Orchards.    Sale  of  Undivided   Interest  in  the  American 
Almond  Growers  Association, 

Requiring  no  personal  attention  now  or  in  the  future.    Will  pay  60  per  cent  net  profit 
per  annum,  based  upon  the  last 

United  States  Census  Report  as  reproduced  herewith 


Nuts  and 
Citrus  Fruit 

Acre- 
age 

Yield 

Total 
Yield 

Selling 
Price 

Value 

Yield 
per 
Acre 

Land 
Value 
(b)  (c) 

6,098.00 
1,274.00 
3,834.00 
3,237.00 
13,096  50 

pounds 
2.501 

8,784 

3,600 

2,984 
boxes 

95 

pounds 
15,261,078 

11,190,816 

13,802,400 

9,669,208 
boxes 
1,245,047 

per  lb. 
0.1000 

0.0233 

0.0900 

0.0400 
per  box 

1.8200 

1,525,109.80 
298,421.76 

1,242,216.00 
386,368.32 

2,271,616.30 

250.00 
204.66 
324.00 
119.36 
172.90 

95.00 

Fig  (a)> 

110.50 

Madeira  Nut.... 

Olive 

Orange 

111.43 
65.83 
386.00 

112  page  illustrated  book,  rate  tables  on  2%  to  80  acres  from  age  25  to  65,  association  plan  where 
$1.25  a  month  will  receive  same  proportionate  profit  as  larger  investments,  free  on  application. 

Alpine  Springs  Land  and  Water  Company 

1115  Stock  Bxchang^e  Building,  220  Henne  Building, 

108  LiaSalle  Street,  Chicago.  3d  St.  near  Spring,  Ijos  Angeles. 

Lands,  Orchards  and  Town  Sites  at 
Tierra  Bonita,  Palmdale  and  Little  Rock,  Los  Angeles  Co.,  California. 

F.  B.  Silverwood  makes  a  specialty  of  Shirts  of  all  kiuds. 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  *'  saw  it  in  the  l,ANt>  of  Sunshinb.** 

LA    JOLLA     BY    THK    SEA 


HOUIvD  you  visit  San  Diego,  you 
will  have  missed  one-half  your 
life  if  you  fail  to  take  a  trip  to 
!,&  Jolla,  the  seventh  wonder,  with  its 
seven  mammoth  caves.  "La  Jolla,  the 
Gem,"  is  fittingly  named.  Nowhere  on 
the  Pacific  Coast  can  be  found  the  varied 
natural  scenery  which  is  had  here.  The 
seven  famous  caves,  hollowed  out  by  the 
action  of  the  mighty  waves,  in  the  huge 
cliflFs,  over  one  hundred  feet  high  and 
jutting  into  the  ocean,  can  be  explored 
at  low  tide.  There  are  also  other  weird 
and  fantastic  freaks  of  nature  formed  along  the  rocky  shore,  which  must  be  seen  to 
be  appreciated,  such  as  Cathedral  Rock,  Alligator  Head,  Goldfish  Point,  etc.  Fish- 
ing and  bathing  here  are  unsurpassed.  Shells  and  sea-mosses,  tinted  with  rainbow 
colors,  are  found  here  in  great  abundance.  Every  hour  spent,  when  not  fishing, 
boating  or  bathing,  or  viewing  nature's  marvelous  work,  can  be  enjoyed  in  various 
ways.  lya  Jolla  is  situated  14  miles  from  San  Diego,  on  the  ocean,  and  is  reached 
only  by  the  San  Diego,  Pacific  Beach  and  La  Jolla  Ry. 
Three  mail  trains  each  way  daily. 

For  further  information  apply  to  GRAHAM  E.  BABCOCK, 
San  Diego,  Cal.  President  and  General  Manager. 


HAWLEV,  KING  &  CO.  £L  Carriages  and  Bicycles 


==^^fe:S^ 


SPIDER  PHAETON 
We  quote  you  $200.00  on  this  fine  Phaeton. 


Agents 

COLUMBUS 

BUQQY 

CO. 

H.  A.  MOVER 
Q.W.  OSGOOD 
and 

CORTLAND 

WAGON 

CO. 

®  •  • 

Agents 

VICTOR 

FEATHER- 
STONE 

and 

WORLD 
BICVCLE 


Carriage  Repository,  cor.  Broadway  and  Fifth  St. 

Wholesale  and  Tarm  Implement  Store,   164-1^   N.   Los   Angeles   Street 


F .  B.  Sllverwood  makes  a  specialty  of  Shirts  of  all  kinds. 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Land  of  Sttnshimb." 


Directing,  Acting.Steain  Type. 


^THE  DOWNIE  D016LE-ACTING 
DEEP  WELL  PIMPS 

No  Other  Pump  Can 
Furnish  the  Same 
Amount  of  Water 

At  a  recent  test  this 
type,  No.  33,  with  an 
8-inch  cylinder,  in  a 
1 2-inch  well,  delivered 
414  gallons  of  water 
per  minute  without 
jar  or  injury. 
We  can  furnish  them 
up  to  90  M.  I.  capac- 
ity from  a  14-in.  well. 


THE  M.  &  E.  CO.,  IS^'nts 

351-353  N.  Main  St.       Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


A  Different  California 

Some  of  your  ideas  of  California  may  be  wrong.  Especially  you  may  not  know  that  in  Fresno 
and  Kings  Counties  may  be  found  some  of  the  best  land  in  the  State  on  Laguna  de  Tache  grant 
lately  put  on  the  market  in  ten-acre  tracts,  or  larger,  at  $35.00  per  acre,  including  perpetual  water 
right,  at  62Ji  cents  per  acre  annual  rental,  the  cheapest  water  in  California.  Send  your  name 
and  address  and  receive  the  local  newspaper  free  for  two  months,  that  will  give  you  reliable  informa- 

*^°°-  Address  :  NARES  &  SAUNDERS, 

1840  Mariposa  Street,  Fresno,  Cal. 


Bundu's  Elslnor6  Hot  Sorlnos  and  Hot6l.... 

Bundy's  Hot  Sulphur  and 
Mineral  Water  Springs  at 
Elsinore,  Riverside  County, 
California,  stand  unrivaled  in 
or  out  of  California  for  their 
curative  qualities  to  a  wide 
raneje  of  diseases  caused 
through  impure  condition  ot 
the  blood.  Prominently  so  in 
cases  of  Rheumatism,  Kidney, 
Bladder  and  chronic  diseases 
of  the  skin.  Bundy's  Hot 
Springs  possess  these  superior 
curative  qualities  because  the 
water  runs  directly  from  the  original  source  in  the  adjacent  mountains  into  the  Bath-house  tubs  and 
drinking  fountains,  thereby  retaining  all  the  natural  heat  (112°)  and  curative  mineral  solutions  and 
gases,  for  external  and  internal  uses.  Bundy's  Springs  are  the  only  ones  in  Elsinore  so  situated. 
Springs  whose  waters  are  pumped  into  tanks  consequently  lose  the  natural  gases  so  essential  to 
perfect  cure,  hence  Bundy's  Springs  are  not  for  "relief"  only,  but  for  complete  cure.  Analysis  of 
Bundy's  Hot  Springs  water  mailed  on  application.  Owning  the  springs,  I  am  able  to  oflFer  rates  within 
reach  of  poor  and  rich  alike,  including  first-class  accommodations.  Modern  cottages  with  pleasant, 
sunny  rooms.  Guests  at  Bundy's  Hotel  use  baths  free  of  charge.  The  climate  at  Elsinore  is  warm, 
winter  and  summer,  with  cool  nights.  For  complete  information  address  E.  Z.  BUNDY,  Elsinore, 
Riverside  County,  California. 


Underwear  is  a  Specialty  at  Silverwood'g. 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  t,A»t>  op  duNSBitrs.'* 


««««««««ftit««««ii««itit«««itiiiiir««ititir«««ii9iit««««itiitit«iKitiiitititititft 


Something 
to 
Think  About 


Our  Laundry  is  thoroughly  up-to-date. 
We  have  invested  thousands  of  dollars 
in  modern  machinery  in  order  to  be  able 
to  give  first-class  service,  and  we  give  it. 
Our  place  affords  some  advantages  en- 
joyed by  no  other  laundry  in  this  sec- 
tion— such  as  no  saw  edge  on  collars  and 
cuffs.  In  our  place  family  washings  can 
be  done  separately.  We  give  the  most 
artistic  and  least  destructive  polish  to 
linen. 

The  safest  and  best  is  always  cheapest. 


Telephone 


t  635 


Empire  Laundry 


149  South    ^ 
Main  Street  S 


%  LOS   ANGELES,   CAL.  J 


_J 


photographic  '^ 

j^aterial | 


Our  stock  is  complete,  and  we 
have  a  special  department  for 
finishing  amateurs'  work. 


DEWEY  BROS., 

Wholesale  and  Retail  Dealers, 

1 09  W.  Second  St. ,  I^os  Angeles,Cal 

Tel.  Green  1784. 


,-z^r-z^5r:z^5T^  :z^  ^z^s-z^sr^z^s-z^ 


I 


THE  PUCE  TO  LIVE....! 

Where  is  it  ?  At  the  head  of  the  San 
Gabriel  Valley,  eight  miles  east  of  Los 
Angeles  and  three  miles  sotith  of  Pasa- 
dena.    Call  at  the  office  of 

GAIL  BORDEN 

Room  433  Stimson  BIdg.,  Los  Angeles^ 
Cal*f  and  he  will  tell  you  all  about  the 
Garden  Spot  of  the  County. 


ABBOTSFORD  INN 


inrLnnnjiruLruuiru 


Jinn 


The  best  appointed  Family  Hotel  in  the  city.     Electric  Service. 

Steam   Heating.      Electric   Cars   pass   the  door  to  and 

from  any  part  of  the  city  and  direct  to  all  Depots. 


Rates,  $2.00  per  Day  and  up.       $9.00  per  Week  and  up. 
Special  Rates  to  Permanent  Quests. 


EIGHTH  AND  HOPE  STREETS,     ^     ^     ^     LOS  ANGELES,  CAL.    5 
g  C.  K.  TKRGLE  % 

oiJTjrLrinjiJXAJxnnjiJTjTJTmxnnjxrLnjTJij^ 

Fancy  Fruits  and  Vegetables 

Largest  and  Best  Selected  Line  in 
Los  Angeles 


Berries 

California  Olives,  etc. 

Wholksalc   and   Retail 


l¥e  Ship  to  All  Points. 


LUDWIQ  &  MATHEWS 

Mott  Market.     Tel.  Main  550 


Underwear  a  Specialty  at  Silverwoods. 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  I^and  of  Sunshine.' 


OLDB8T  AND  LARGEST  BANK   IN  80t  THERN 
CALIFORNIA. 

Farmers  and  Merchants  Bank 

OF  LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 

Capital  (paid  up)      -       -      $500,000.00 
Surplus  and  Reserve  -    925,000.00 

Total       -       -  $1,425,000.00 

OFFICERS : 

I.  W.  Hbllman President 

H.  W.  Hbllman Vice-President 

Hbnrt  J.  Fleishman Cashier 

Q.  A.  J.  Hbimann Ass^tant  Cashier 

DIRECTORS  : 

W.   H.    Perry,   C.  B.  Thom,    J.  P.  Francis 

O.W.  CHILDS,  Tt.W.HELLMAN.Jr.,  I.  N.  VANNUYS 

A.  Glassbll,  H.  W.  Hbllman,  I.  W.  Hbllman. 
Special  Collection  Department    Correspond- 
ence  Invited.    Safety  Deposit  Boxes  for  rent. 


W.  C.  Patterson. President 

W.  GiLLELBN Vice-President 

W.  D.  Wool  WINE Cashier 

E.  W.  COE Asst.  Cashier 


CoR.  First  and  Spring  Sts. 

Capital $500,000 

Surplus  and  Undivided  Profits 60,000 

This  bank  has  the  best  location  of  any  bank  in 
Los  Angeles  It  has  the  largest  capital  of  any 
National  Bank  in  Southern  Califoruia,  and  is  the 
only  United  States  Depositary  in  Southern  Cali- 
fornia. 


First  National  Bank 

OF  I<OS  ANOEIiES. 

Largest  National  Bank  in  Southern 
Catifornia. 


Capital  Stock $400,000 

Surplus  and  Undivided  Profits  over      260,000 

J.  M.  Elliott,  Prest.,  W.G.  Kerckhoff,  V.Pres. 

Frank  A.  Gibson,  Cashier. 

W.  T.  8.  Hammond,  Assistant  Cashier. 


J.  M.  ElUott, 
J.  D.  Bicknell 


directors: 
F.  Q.  Story, 


J.  D.  Hooker, 
W.  G.  KerckhoflF, 


H.  Jevne, 
J.  C.  Drake. 
All  Departments  ot  a  Modem  Banking  Business 
Conducted, 


-t«J-^C^ 


CORNER  MAIN  AND  SECOND  STREETS 


Officers  and  Directors. 

H.  W.  Hellman,  J.  A.  Graves,   M.  I,. 

Fleming,  F.  O.  Johnson,  H.  J.  Fleishman, 

J.  H.  Shankland,  W.  I,.  Graves.  ^Q 

J.  F.  Sartori,  President  J 

Maurice  S.  Hellman,  Vice-Pres.  *55 

W.  D.  lyONGYEAR,  Cashier  , 

interest  Paid  on  Ordinary  and  Term  Deposits     ^ 


^^^^XXXNXXXXVVVVVX,^^ 


=^t^=lft=t«==«^=^^=^^^^^=^^'^=^=^=^=^=^=^ 


^\  Investors... 

% 


You  can  find  nothing  better. 


g  Our  6  per  cent.  "Coupon  Bonds" 

g  and  7  per  cent.  "  Paid-up  Income  Stock' 

f  Safe,  Profitable,  Standard  Investments. 


Safe  as  Government  Bonds.' 


Vvvv\v,vXX>88^ 


The  Coupon  Bonds  run   for  five  years  on  a  6  per  cent  ^ 

basis.    The  coupons  are  payable  six  months  apart.  m. 

The  Paid-up  Income  Stock  runs  for  one  or  three  years  ** 

on  a  basis  of  7  per  cent.  ^ 

The  above  investments  are  secured  by  >  u 

First  Mortgage  (held  in  escrow  by  trustee),    Fire  Insurance  (upon  improvements),  W 

Life  Insurance  (upon  the  borrower's  life).  S 

The  Protective  Savings  Mutual  Building  and  Loan  Association  $ 


N.  W.  cor.  First  and  Broadway,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
Title  Insurance  and  Trust  Co.,  Trustee. 


$ 


^   =^^=^:  =fefi==t^=^=^=^-^=^=%^'^^tA=t^=feft:=^=^=%^=%^'^^==%«==^   =^^ 


Pedigreed  Belgian  Hares 


A  profitable  and  pleasurable  business  and  one  easily  conducted  by  old  or 
young  is  assured  by  the  Belgian  Hare.  A  ready  market  can  always  be  found 
among  those  desirous  of  establishing  choice  herds,  while  its  flesh  is  in 
great  demand.  A  trio  of  Belgian  Hares  is  as  good  as  a  gold  mine,  and  the 
investment  multiplies  itself  faster  than  a  like  amount  invested  in  any  other 
way.     Call  on  or  write  to 

I   F.   A.    SCHNELL,   424  N.  Beaudry  Ave.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.  \ 
Hummel  Bros.  &  Co.,  CmploymentSAoents,  300;;W*  Second  St.    Tel.  Main  509 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Land  of  Sunshine. 


'Barker  brand-' 

^"l^l'CnUars  &  Cuffs  Vf^- 

SACHS    BROS  &  CO. 
San    Franpisco    Coast   Agents 

To  Cure  a  Cold  in  One  Day- 
Take  Laxative  Bromo  Quinine  Tablets.  All  drug- 
gists refund  the  money  if  it  fails  to  cure.    25c. 
The  genuine  has  L.  B.  Q.  on  each  tablet. 

^7^«»of  Syrup  Of  Prunes 

NATURE'S 

GENTLE 

LAXATIVE 

The  only  genuine  fruit  lax- 
ative on  the  market. 
If  your  druggist  does  not 
sell  it  send  us  his  name  and 
address. 

25c.  and  50c.  a  Bottle. 

California  PruneSyrup  CcT. 

LOS  ANOELES,  CAL. 


JUAN   PICO 

A    ROMANCE    OF    CALIFORNIA 

BY     WILL     R.     HALPIN 
Decoratbd  Cloth  Prick  $1.50 


Those  who  read  critically  will  realize  that  the 
beauty  and  pathos  of  flower  life  is  made  insepar- 
ably effective  in  all  the  progress  of  the  story. 

— Bookseller  and  Newsman. 

Of  that  delightfiil  quality  which  marks  a 
thoroughly  well-written  book  —  atmosphere  — 
there  is  ■^XtnX.y .—Pittsburg  Press. 

The  story  is  pathetically  told.— .V.  Y.  Times. 

The  characters  are  few  in  number,  but  drawn 
with  a  masterly  fidelity  to  nature  and  a  rare 
delicacy  of  insight. 

—Bookseller,  Newsdealer  and  Stationer, 

The  book  contains  some  beautiful  bits  of  word 
■^zS.-o.Wn%.— Pittsburg  Chronicle-  Telegraph. 


Sold  by  all  Booksellers,  or  sent 
postpaid  by 

ROBERT  LKWIS  WEED  COMPANY 

63  Fifth  Ave.,  New  York. 

We  Sell  the  Earth-*- 

^*P*  BASSETT  &  SMITH 

We  deal  in  all  kinds  of  Real  Estate. 
Orchard  and  Resident  Property. 
Write  for  descriptive  pamphlet. 

Y.  M.  C.  A.  BUILDING 
LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 


PRESS  or 


i.n|pavl^| 


tclcfmone 

Main  4  1  7 


Ps^lNTEKsS  ^?    BlNDER.5  TO   THE 

Land  or  5u nomine 


Help— All  Kinds.    See  ilummel  BrQ$.  %  Co.    300  W.  Second  St    Tel.  Main  509 


wnen  answering  aavertisements,  please  mention  tnatyou  "saw  it  in  tne  IvAnd  ofb&xjnshine." 


ALL  EFFORTS 

TOEQUALTHE 

Standard  Typcwriff 

147   South   Broadway,   Los    Angeles,   Cal. 
211   riontgomery   St.,   San    Francisco. 


90%  OF  AMERICAN  WOMEN 

wash  dishes  three  times  each  day.  If  yoii 
are  one  of  these,  wear  a  pair  of  "  Good- 
year" Rubber  Gloves  and  always  have 
soft,  white  hands.  Sent  by  mail,  post- 
paid, on  receipt  of  $1.50.  Agents  wanted. 
Address  M.  O.  Dept., 
M.  F.  Reese  Supply  Co.,  Setauket.N.Y. 


Tents  and  Awnings 

Wagon  Covers,  and  Cotton  Duck  Goods  of  every 
description.  Oil  Clothing  and  Horse  Covers;  Com- 
forts, Blankets,  Twines,  Hammocks,  Flags,  etc. 

J.   H.    MASTERS 

Tel.  Main  1512 
136  S.  Main  Street  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Concert  Pbonograp!) 

Mr.  Edison  has  perfected  the  Phonograph. 
This  is  the  instrument. 


It  perfectly  reproduces  the  human  voice 
—JUST  AS  LOUD— just  as  clear— just  as 
sweet. 

It  duplicates  instrumental  music  with 
pure-toned  brilliance  and  satisfying  in- 
tensity. Used  with  Edison  Concert  Re- 
cords, its  reproduction  is  free  from  all 
mechanical  noises.  Only  the  music  or  the 
voice  is  heard.  It  is  strong  and  vibrant 
enough  to  fill  the  largest  auditorium.  It 
is  smooth  and  broad  enough  for  the  parlor. 

The  highest  type  of  talking  machine 
ever  before  produced  bears  no  comparison 
with  the  Edison  Concert  Phonograph. 
The  price  is  $1^5.  Full  particulars  can 
be  obtained  from  all  dealers  in  Phono- 
grraphs,  or  by  addressing  The  National 
Phonograph  Co.,  New  York,  asking  for 
Concert  Catalogue  No.  109. 

Six  other  styles  of  Phonographs,  in- 
cluding the  Edison  Gem,  price  S7.50. 

PETER  BACIGALUPI,  933  Market  St., 
San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Pacific  Coast 
Agency  for  National  Phonograph  Co. , 
New  York. 

NONE   GENUINE    WITHOUT    THIS 


i^oru. 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Land  of  Sunshimb.*' 


OUR  PREMIUM  OFFER 


The  Land  of  Sunshine 

AND 

Mission  Memories 


Through  a  special  arrangement  with  the  publishers,  we  are  enabled  to  offer 
the  Land  of  Sunshine  for  one  year,  postage  paid  to  any  address,  and  a  copy 
of  "Mission  Memories,"  containing  75  handsomely  engraved  full-page 
illustrations  (6x45^)  of  the  24  California  Missions,  printed  on  heavy  enam- 
eled paper — with  either  yucca  or  embossed  cover,  tied  with  silk  cord. 

The  '*  I/and  of  Sunshine  "  will  not  only  be  kept  up  to  its  usual  high  stand- 
ard, but  has  added  many  new  features. 

The  magazine  numbers  among  its  staff  the  leaders  in  literature  of  the  West, 
in  itself  a  guarantee  of  future  increased  merit. 

"Land  of  Sunshine"  one  year,  and  one  yucca  cover  "Mission  Memories"  $1.75 

"     paper      "  "  "  1.50 

The  Land  of  Sunshine  Publishing  Co., 

501-503  Stimson  Building,  Los  Angeles,  California. 


A  Unique  Library, 

The  bound  volumes  of  the  Land  of  Sunshine  make  the  most  interesting  and 
valuable  library  of  the  far  West  ever  printed.  The  illustrations  are  lavish  and  hand- 
some, the  text  is  of  a  high  literary  standard,  and  of  recognized  authority  in  its  field. 
There  is  nothing  else  like  this  magazine.  Among  the  thousands  of  publications  in 
the  United  States,  it  is  wholly  unique.  Every  educated  Californian  and  Westerner 
should  have  these  charming  volumes.  They  will  not  long  be  secured  at  the  present 
rates,  for  back  numbers  are  growing  more  and  more  scarce  ;  in  fact  the  June  num- 
ber, 1894,  is  already  out  of  the  market. 

Vols.  1  and  2 — July  '94  to  May  *95,  inc.,  gen.  half  morocco,  $3.90,  plain  leather,  J3.30 
"     3  and  4— June '95  to  May '96,     "         "       " 
"     5  and  6— June '96  to  May '97,     "         "       " 
"     7  and  8— June '97  to  May '98,     "         "       " 
"     9  and  10— June '98,  to  May '99  "         "       " 

The  Land  of  Sunshine  Publishing  Co., 

501  Stimson  Building,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Hummel  Bros.  &  Co.,  furnish  best  help.    300  W.  Second  St.    Tel.  Main  509. 


2.85, 

C( 

(( 

2.25 

3.60, 

(( 

<( 

3.00 

2.85, 

(( 

•' 

2.25 

2.70, 

(< 

<< 

2.10 

wnen  uuwenng  aaverusemenu,  piease mennon uiai yon  -saw  u  in  me  i<and  of  »UN8HufB."t 


Santa  Fe 
Route 


Grand  Canon  o^  Arizona 

Two  Hundred  Miles  Long,  Over  a  Mile  Deep,  and 
Painted  Like  a  Flower. 

Reached  only  by  the  SANTA  FE  ROUTE 

Stage  Leaves  Flagstaff  Mondays,  Wednesdays  and  Fridays. 
Returning,  Arrives  at  Flagstaff  Tuesdays,  Thursdays  and  Saturdays, 


ALTA  VISTA.  Copyright,  1898,  by  Oliver  Lippincott. 

SIX-HORSE  STAGES  MAKE  THE  TRIP  IN  TEN  HOURS 

Excursion  Rates 

from  all  points  on  the  Santa  Fe  Route 
UNO.  J.  BYRNE,  General  Passenger  Agent,  Los  Angeles 


When  answering:  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  I,and  op  Sumsrihs." 

ganta  ]\/[onica  the  gem 

CONCERT  EVERY  SUNDAY  BY 

THE    CELEBRATED    LOS  ANGELES 


MILITARY  BAND  ^  >  ^ 


Good  Bathing,  Fishing,  Kating,  Walking ;  in  fact,  everything 
to  make  a  pleasant  day. 

SEATS    FOR    EVERYONE 


CONVENIENT  DEPOTS 
QUICK  TIME 


Via  Southern  Pacific 


Trainsleave  Arcade  Depot  daily  9.00  a.  m.,  1.35  p.  m.,  5.15  p.m.  Sundays  from  8.00  a.m.  every 
hour  until  2.00  p.  m.,  also  8.35  a.  m.,  6.15  p.  m.,  6.30  p.  m  ,  7.15  p.  m.,  7.45  p.  m.  All  trains  leave  River 
Station  15  minutes  earlier,  stopping  at  Naud  Junction,  Commercial  and  First  Streets. 

Take  "Judge's"  Flyer  at  8.35  a.m. 

Makes  run  in  22  minutes. 
Last  train  returning  leaves  Santa  Monica  9.35  p.  m.         City  Ticket  OflBce,  261  South  Spring  St 


We  Manufacture  all  kinds  of 


RUBBER  GOODS 


When   you   purchase  and  want 

The  Best  Rubber  Hose 


See  that  Our  Nanae*[i8   on  [every  i,length.. 
FOR  SAI.e:BY  AI.I.  DEAtEBS. 


GOODYEAR  RUBBER  COMPANY 

573,  675,  677,  579   MARKET  STREET 

R.  H.  PEASE,  Vice-Pres.   and  Manager. 

SA.N  FRANCISCO. 


m  eATHi  «i 

IL 


-^i--.  Is  superior  to  any  on  the 

^  Pacific  Coast.   This  ideal 

resort  is  superb  in  all  its 

appointments,  and    is 

reached  only  by  the 

LOS  AN6a[S  TERMINAL 
RAIlWAr 
ine  wuresque  Line  —  cataiini,  long  beach, 

AlAMIIOS  BEACH  AND  SAN  PEDRO 

All  delightful  Ocean  Resorts  within  a  short  ride 
of  IvOS  Angeles. 

EXCURSION    RATES   EVERY    DAY 

For  detailed  information  call  on  Terminal  Agent 

S.  B.  Hynes,  Gen'l  Manager. 
T.  C.  Peck,  Gen'l  Pass.  Agent. 


nummel  Bros.  &  Co.,  Largest  Employment  Agency.    300  W.  Second  St.     Tel.  Main  509 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  I^akd  of  Sunshikb.' 


A  Panorama 
700  Miles  Lon^ 


I^eave  IvOS  Angeles  any 
Wednesday  or  San  Francis- 
co any  Thursday  with  the 
BurliaKton   Overland  Excursion 

and  you  see  the  most  glo- 
rious scenery  visible  from 
r  win,dows  —  mountains, 
nons,  rivers  and  water- 
falls—700  miles  of  entranc- 
ing scenery. 

Comfort  and  economy  every 
foot  of  the  way.  Clean  cars. 
Attentive  portei's.  Experienced 
excursion  managers.  No  change 
—California  to  St.  Louis  and 
Chicago.  Only  one  change  to 
Boston.  Write  for  folder  giv- 
ing full  information. 


W.  W.  ELLIOTT,  Los  Angeles 


EiGursioiis 


The  company's  elegant  steamers  SANTA  ROSA 
and  CORONA  leave  REDONDO  at  11  a.  m.,  and 
PORT  LOS  ANGEI.es  at  2:30  p.  m.,  for  San 
Prandsco  via  Santa  Barbara  and  Port  Harford, 
Sept.  3,  7,  11,  15,  19,  23,  27,  Oct,  1,  and  every 
fourth  day  thereafter. 

Leave  PORT  LOS  ANGELES  at  5:45  a.  m.,  and 
REDONDO  at  10:45^.  m.,  for  San  Diego,  Sept. 
1,  f),  9,  13,  17,  21,  25,  29,  Oct.  3,  and  every  fourth 
day  thereafter. 

Cars  connect  via  Redondo  leave  Santa  P4  depot 
at  9:66  a.  m.,  or  from  Redondo  railway  depot  at 
9:30  a.  m.  Cars  connect  via  Port  Los  Angeles 
leave  3.  P.  R.  R.  depot  at  1:35  p.  m.,  for  steamers 
north  bound. 

The  steamers  COOS  BAY  and  BONITA  leave 
SAN  PEDRO  for  San  Francisco  via  East  San 
Pedro,Ventura,Carpenteria,SantaBarbara,Galeta, 
Gaviota,  Port  Harford,  Cayucos,  San  Simeon, 
Monterey,  and  Santa  Cruz,  at  6  p.  m.,  Sept.  4, 
8,  12,  16,  20,  24,  28,  Oct.  2,  and  every  fourth  day 
thereafter. 

Cars  connect  with  steamers  via  San  Pedro  leave 
S.  P.  R.R.  (Arcade  depot)  at  5K)3  p  m.,  and 
rerminal  railway  depot  at  5:05  p.m.  For  further 
information  obtain  folder.  The  company  reserves 
the  right  to  change  without  previous  notice, 
steamers,  sailing  dates  and  hours  of  sailing. 
W.   PARRIS,  Agent, 

124  W.  Second  Street,  Los  Angeles. 
GOODALL,  PERKINS  &  CO., 

General  Agents,  San  Francisco. 


Leave  Los  Angeles  every  Tuesday  via  the  Denver 
&  Rio  Grande"  Scenic  Line,"  and  by  the  popular 
Southern  Route  every  Wednesday.  Low  rates  ; 
quick  time  ;  competent  managers  ;  Pullman  up- 
holstered cars  ;  union  depot,  Chicago.  Our  cars 
are  attached  to  the  "  Boston  and  New  York 
Special,"  via  Lake  Shore,  New  York  Central  and 
Boston  &  Albany  Railways,  arriving  Boston  8:00 
p.  m.,  New  York  1  p.  m. 
For  maps,  rates,  etc..  call  on  or  address. 

F.  W.  THOMPSON,  Gen.  Ag't, 
214  S,  Spring  St.  Los  Angeles, 

Personally  Conducted 

REDONDO  BY  THE  SEA 

17  Miles  from  liOS  An-geles 

Redondo  Railway  Time  Table 

In  effect  June  4,  1899 
Leave  Los  Angeles 

9:30  a.m daily. 

1:30  p.m... daily. 

5:80  p.m daily. 

11:30  p.m Saturday  only. 


Leave  Redondo 

8:00  a.m. 

11:00  a.m. 

4:15  p.m. 

p.m. 


8:10  a.m „ Sundays 7:00  am. 

9:30  a.ra Sundays 8:00  a.m. 

10:45  a.m ..Sundays 9:30  a.m. 

1:30  a.m Sundays 11:00  a  m. 

5:30  a.ra ^Sundays 4:15  a.m. 

7:00  p.m ..Sundays 5:45  p.m. 

L.  J.  PKRRT  Sap«rintendent,  Qrand  At*.  And  J«ff«non  Si 
City  offlce,  246  S.  Spring  St.  Telephone  West  1. 


0 


CEANIC  S.  S.  CO.— nONOLltl 
APIA,  AIGKLAND  and  SYDNEI 


Onty  Sterner  Line  to  tbeWimieriindsiif  the  PuiFit 

7W  South  Sea  Islands. 

SPECIAL  RATES 

fOR   iKauSiVC   TBIPS   TAKIMS   IN 

Hawaii.  Samoa. f'M.  Tahiti   itc. 

Send  10  cents  postage  fo 
"  Trip  to  Hawaii*''  with  fln 
photographic  illustrations 
20  cents  for  new  edition  c 
same,  with  beautiful  colored  plate  illustrations 
20  cents  postage  for  "  Talo/a,  Summer  Sail  t 
South  Seas,"  also  in  colors,  to  Ochanic  S.  S.  Co. 
114  Montgomery  St.,  San  Francisco. 

Steamers  sail  to  Honolulu  twice  i 
month,  to  Samoa,  New  Zealand  an( 
Sydney,  via  Honolulu,  every  28  days. 

J.  D.  SPRECKELS  BROS.  CO., 

!14  Montgomery  Street,  ,San  Francisco 

HUGH  B.  RICE,  Agent, 

230  S.  Spring  St.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal 


tlummel  Bros.  &  Co.,  "Help  Center."    300  W.  Second  St.    Tel.  Main  509 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  I,and  of  Sunshimx." 


Our  Gold  Medal  Wines  commend  themselves  to  those  who 
require  and  appreciate  Pure,  Old  Vintages.  We  are  producers 
in  every  sense  of  the  word,  owning  large  Vineyards,  Wineries 
and  Distilleries,  located  in  the  San  Gabriel  Valley.  For 
strength-giving  qualities  our  wines  have  no  equal.  We  SELI* 
NO  Wines  under  Five  Years  Old. 


SPECIAL.  OFFER  •     We  will  deliver  to  any  R.R.  station  in  the 
United  States,  freight  free  : 

2  cases  Fine  Assorted  California  Wines,  XXX,  for  $9.00 

Including  one  bottle  1888  Brandy. 
2  cases  Assorted  California  Wines,  XXXX,  for  $11.00 

Including  2  bottles  1888  Brandy  and  1  bottle  Champagne. 

SOUTHERN  CALIFORNIA  WINE  COMPANY 


Tel   M.  332 


220  W.  FOURTH  ST.       I,os  Angeles,  Cal. 


Sulphur  Mt.  springs  r.T.T.;ri 

\  nia's  beauty  spots.      Accommodations    for   ^ 

^  campers.    Illustrated  circulars  may  be  had  } 

)  from    Hugh    B.    Rice,   agent    for    "Cook's  ^ 

)  Tours,"    230    S.    Spring    St.,  Los  Angeles ;   ? 

\  FiSKE  &  Johnston,  707  State  St.,  Santa  Bar-  ? 

S  bara,  or  bj^  writing  to                                              c 

)  HAwIeY  &  RICHARDS,  Props  ,          ;* 

I  Santa  Paula,  Ventura  Co.,  Cal.   S 


RING  UP  MAIN  940. 

MerGhanTs  Parcel  Delivery  Co. 

C.  H.  FINIiEY,  Manager. 

Parcels  lOc,  Trunks  25c.  Special  rates  to  mer 
chants.  We  make  a  feature  of  "  Specials  "  and 
Shipping.  Ofl&ce  hours  7:30  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 
Saturdays  to  10  p.  m.    Agents  for  Bythinia. 

No.  Ill  Court  Street,  Iiog  Angeles,  Cal, 


WHEN  YOU  VISIT 


SAN    DIEGO 


REMEMBER 


ROOMS 

SI.OO   Per    Day 

AND    UP 


American  and  European  Plan.  Centrally 
located,  ^levators  and  fire  escapes.  Baths, 
hot  and  cold  water  in  all  suites.  Modern 
conveniences.  Km  e  large  sample  rooms  for 
commercial  travelers. 
Cafe  and  Grille  Room  open  all  hours. 

J.  E.  O'BRIEN.   PROP. 


Reliable  help  promptly  furnished.    Hummel  Bros.  &  Co.    Tel.  Main  509 


Wlieti  answering:  advertltemento,  please  mention  that  you  "saw  it  in  the  Land  of  SmtSHmF/ 


FITTING  EXPRESSIONS 

It's  a  feat  to  fit  the  feet  but  we  can  do  it.  Our 
customers  will  not  have  to  break  in  the  footwear 
we  sell  them. 

Well  made  Shoes,  fitting  perfectly,  will  be 
comfortable  trora  the  fir«t.  This  is  worth  some- 
thing, but  we  charge  only  for  the  value  of  the 
leather. 

SCHOOL    SHOES 

AT 

BLANEY'S 

352  South  Spring,  near  Cor.  Fourth  St. 


IDEAL  Steam  Cooker 

Cooks  a  whole  meal  over  one 
burner,  on  gasoline,  oil,  gas  or 
common  cook  stove. 

Reduces  Fuel  Bills  One-Half 
Makes  tough,  meats  tender. 

Prevents     steam     and     odors. 
Whistle    blows   when  cooker 
needs  more  water.    Dinner  Sets 
Bicycles,  Watches  and  other  val- 
uable Premiums  given  with  order   for  Cookers. 
Send  for  illustrated  catalogue.    Agents  Wanted. 
TOLEDO  COOKER  CO.,  Box  110,  Toledo,  0. 


Los  Angeles  Van,  Truck  and  Storage  Company 

Pianos,  Furniture  etc.,  packed,  shipped  and 
stored.  104^  S  Broadway,  Los  Angeles.  Tele- 
phone 872.  R.  H.  DuNSTON  and  A.  J.  Roberts, 
Proprietors. 


Parquet  floors 

Wood  Carpet 

A  permanent  covering  for  floors  instead  of 
the  health-destroying  woolen  carpets. 

Healthful,  Cleanly 

and  no  Moths 


OAK  FLOORS  |1.25  per  square  yard  and 
up. 

Try  our  •*  Nonpareil  Hard  Wax  Polish  " 

for  keeping  floors  in  good  condition. 


Designers  j^of 

FURNITURE  SPECIALTIES 

If  you  desire  a  unique  and  original  table  or  chair, 
or  a  special  piece  of  furniture  of  any  kind,  we 
can  execute  it  for  you  at  the  least  possible  cost 
consistent  with  good  work. 


Artistic  Grille  Work 

A  decoration  for  doorways,  arches,  etc. 

JNO.  A.  SMITH 

707  S.  Broadway  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Ice  Cream  Frozen  in  Less 
Than  a  Minute. 


THE  "UP-TO-DATE  FREEZER" 

Makes  superior,  smoother,  more  compact,  servicable  creams  aud 
ices  quicker,  »>asier  and  cheaper  than  anv  other  freezer. 

Physician*  recommend  it,  so  does  economy,  convenience  and 
time.  Simple  of  construction  and  easy  of  manipulation.  Send 
for  full  informati'in  or  call  »nd  see  it  work.  j,."; 

J.  S.  FRANTZ,  415  S.  Broadway,  Los  Angeles 


If  you  want  a  present  for  a  gentleRi^in,  write  F.  B.  5ilverwood. 


LAND  OF  SUNSHINE 


COMMERCIAL  BLUE  BOOK 


New  residents  in  a  city  or  persons  moving  from  one  section  to  another  are  usually  forced  to  learn 
by  experience  the  best  places  to  patronize.  Our  object  in  publishing  a  Commercial  Blue  Book  is  to 
point  out  to  our  readers  a  few  of  the  leading  stores,  hotels,  rooming  houses,  restaurants,  schools, 
sanitariums,  hospitals,  etc.;  also  professional  men,  and  the  most  satisfactory  places  in  which  to  deal. 
As  it  is  not  our  intention  to  publish  a  complete  business  directory,  some  firms  equally  as  good  as  those 
we  have  listed  may  have  been  omited.  Still,  we  believe  that  those  who  consult  this  guide  will  be  satis- 
fied with  the  list  submitted.  The  variety  and  class  of  goods  handled,  as  well  as  the  reputation  of  the 
merchant,  has  received  careful  attention  in  each  selection  made,  with  the  idea  of  saving  our  readers  as 
much  time,  trouble  and  expense  as  possible. 


ART,  MUSIC,  SCHOOI.S  AND  COL- 
Ii£GBS. 

Artists. 
J.   Bond   Francisco,   416-417   Blanchard 
Hall,  235  S.  Broadway. 

Business  Oollegres. 
Ivos  Angeles  Business  College,  212  W. 
Third  st.,  Currier  Bldg.  Tel.  Black 
2651. 
The  Brownsbcrger  Home  School  of  Short- 
hand and  Typewriting,  903  S.  Broad- 
way. 

Business  Universities. 

Metropolitan  Business  University,  W.  C. 

Buckman,  Mgr.,  438-440  S.  Spring  st. 
Dancing  Academy. 
W.  T.  Woods,  740  S.  Figueroa  st.    Tel. 

Green  773. 

Dramatic  Training 

G.  A.  Dobinson.  Studio,  526  S.  Spring  st. 
(Training  of  the  speaking  voice  a 
specialty. ) 

Marbelized  Plaster  Medallions, 
Busts,  etc. 

Sarah  B.  Thatcher,  successor  to  Alfred 

T.  Nicoletti.  129  East  Seventh  st. 

Vocal  Instruction 

Madame  Genevra  Johnstone  Bishop. 
Studio,  Blanchard  Music  Building. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  W.  G.  Cogswell,  1138  S. 
Flower  st.    Tel.  Blue  2161 . 

Schools  and  Colleges. 

St.  Vincent's  College,  Grand  ave. 

Ivos  Angeles  Military  Academy,  west  of 

Westlake  Park.     P.  O.  Box  193,  City. 
Miss  French's  Classical  School  for  Girls, 

512  S.  Alvarado  st     Tel.  Brown  1652 
Eton  Preparatory  School  for  Boys,  900 

W.  Pico  St.,  Horace  h  Brown,  I^t-B., 

Principal.     Tel.  Blue_786. 


Musical  Colleges 
Los  Angeles   Musical     College,    Bryson 

Blk.,  Second  and  Spring  sts.,  Edward 

Quinlan,  Director.     Tel.  Red  1083. 
Bernard    Berg    (pupil    of    Rubinstein),. 

Colonial     Flat     16,     Broadway    and 

Eighth  St. 

Architects 

Arthur  Burnett  Benton,  1 14  N.  Spring  st. 
Tel.  Green  14. 


R.    B.   Young, 
Main  151. 


427   S.    Broadway.     Tel. 


John  P.  Krempel,  415-416  Henne  Blk. 
Tel.  Main  663. 

Architect  Supplies 
Sanborn,  Vail  &  Co.,  133  S.  Spring  st. 

Acetylene  Gas  Generators  and  Calcium 
Carbide 

Hedden  &  Black,  746  S.  Main  st. 
Assayers,    Refiners  and   Bullion   Buyers 
Wm.  T.  Smith  &  Co.,  114  N.   Main  st. 

Tel.  Brown  1735. 
Anyvo — Theatrical  Cold  Cream  Make  Up. 
Bouge  Gras 

Viole  &  Lopizich,  427  N.  Main  st.,  dis- 
tributing agents.     Tel.  Main  895. 
Banks 

California  Bank,  S.  W*  cor.  Second  st. 
and  Broadway. 

German-American  Savings  Bank,  N.  E. 
cor.  First  and  Mai  a  sts. 

Los  Angeles  National  Bank  (United 
States  Depositary),  N.E.  cor.  First 
and  Spring  sts. 

Security  Savings  Bank,  N.  E.  cor.  Sec- 
ond and  Main  sts. 

Southern  California  Savings  Bank,  150- 
152  N.  Spring  St. 

State  Bank  and  Trust  Company,  N.  W. 
cor.  Second  and  Spring  sts. 


Lana  ox  r^unsnine  L/ommerciai  Diue  dook,  los  Angeies,  cai. 


Bakeries 

Ebinger's  Bakery,  cor.  Spring  and  Third 

sts.     Tel.  610. 
The  Meek  Baking  Co.     Factory  and  of- 
fice Sixth  and  San  Pedro  sts.    Tel. 

main  322.      Principal   store  226   W. 

Fourth  St.     Tel.  main  1011. 
Ahrens'  Bakery,  425  S.  Broadway. 
Mrs.  Angel's  Bakery,  830  W.  Seventh  St. 
lyos  Angeles  Bakery,  Jean  Dor^,   Prop. 

(French  Bread.)     846  Lyon  st.  cor. 

Macy. 
Karl   A.   Senz,  614  S.  Broadway.      Tel. 

Main  1411.     French  Pastry. 
Bamboo  Ooods 
S.  Akita,  504  S.  Broadway 

Baths 
Hammam,   210    S.    Broadway.     Turkish 

and  all  other  baths  and  rubs,  25  cts. 

to$l. 

Beach  Pebbles,  Moonstones,  Agates,  Sea 

Shells,  etc.,  Dressed  and  Polished 

to  Order 

J.  A.  Mcintosh  &  Co.,  L.  A.  Steam  Shell 
Works,  1825  S.  Main  st. 
Bicycle  Dealers 
Iv.  A.  Cycle  and  Sporting  Goods  Co.,  319 

S.  Main  st. 
Central  Park  Cyclery,  G.  W.  Williams, 
prop.,   518  S.  Hill  st.      Tel.    Green 
1211. 

Bicycle  Insurance. 

The  California  Bicyclists  Protective  As- 
sociation, Chas.  J.  George  &  Co., 
Mgrs.,  208  Ivaughlin  Bldg.  Tel. 
Main  990. 

Bicycle  Kiding  Academy 

Central  Park  Cyclery,  W.  G.    Williams, 
prop.,  518  S.  Hill  St.  Tel.  Green  1211. 
Books,  Stationery,  etc. 

Stoll  &  Thayer  Co.,  252-254  S.  Spring  st. 

B.  F.  Gardner,  305  S.  Spring  st. 

Botanic  Pharmacy 

Liscomb's  Botanic  Pharmacy,  Main  and 
Fifteenth  sts.     Tel.  West  68. 
Breeders  of  Thoroughbred  Belgians, 
Angoria  and  Kussian  Kabbits. 

The  Bonanza  Rabbitry,  Elmer  L,.  Piatt, 
930  Grand  View  ave.    Circulars  free. 

Enterprise  Rabbitry,  Ax  &  Peet,  1006  W. 
Ninth  St.     Tel.  West  239. 

Building  and  JLoan  Associations 

The  State  Mutual  Building  and  L/oan  As- 
sociation, 141  S.  Broadway. 
Carpet  Cleaning  Works 

Pioneer  Steam  Carpet  Cleaning  Works, 
Robt.  Jordan,  Mgr.,641  S.  Broadway. 
Tel.  217  Main. 

Great  Western  Steam  Carpet  Cleaning 
Works,  H.  Himelreich,  Prop.  Cor. 
Ninth  and  Grand  ave.  (.formerly 
Tenth  and  Grand  ave.)  Tel.  White 
5511. 
Carpenter  Work,  Jobbing,  Mill  Work 

Adams  Mfg.  Co.,  742  S.  Main  st.  Tel. 
Red  1048. 


Carriage  Works. 

J.  U.  Tabor  &  Co.  (J.  U.  Tabor  and  G. 

N.  Rookhout),  cor.  Seventh  and  ttos 

Angeles  sts.     Tel.  Main  127. 
Cooperative  Carriage   Works,  A.  Sperl, 

Mgr.,  337  E.  First  st. 

Clothing  and  Gent's  Furnishings 

Ivondon  Clothing  Co.,  117-125  N.  Spring 

St.,  s.  w.  cor.  Franklin. 
Mullen,  Bluett  &  Co.,  n.  w.  cor.  Spring 

and  First  sts. 

Confectionery,  Ice  Cream,  Sherbets,   etc* 
Wholesale  and  Retail 

Merriam  &  Son,   127  S.  Spring  st.     Tel. 

Main  475. 
M.  Broszey  &  Co.,  727  W.  Sixth  st.    Tel. 

Red  2033.    . 

Coal  Oil,  Gasoline,  Wood,  Coal,   etc. 

Morris-Jones  Oil  and  Fuel  Co.,  127  S. 
Broadway.     Tel.  Main  666. 

Collateral  Lioans 

G.  M.  Jones,  254  S.    Broadway,  rooms  1 
and  2  (Private  ofl&ce  for  ladies).  Tel. 
Main  739. 
Costumers,  Theatrical  Goods,  etc. 
Mme.  D.  S.  Corona  De   Weighs,  359  N. 
Main  st.     Tel.  Black  2691. 
Curio  Stores 
Wm.  F.  Winkler,  346  S.Broadway. 

Dentists 
Drs.  Adams  Bros.,  239^  S.  Spring  st. 
Distilled  Water  and  Carbonated 
Beverages. 

The  Ice  and  Cold  Storage  Co.,  Seventh 
St.  and  Santa  F^  Ry.  tracks.  Tel. 
228. 

Dry  Goods 

Boston  Dry  Goods  Store,  239  S.  Broadway. 
J.  M.  Hale  Co.,  107-9-10  N.  Spring  st. 

Druggists 

Boswell  &  Noyes  Drug  Co.,  Prescription 
Druggists,  300  S.  Broadway.  Tel. 
Main  125. 

F.J.Giese,  103]N.Main  st.  Tel.Brown  310. 

Thomas  Drug, Co.,  cor.  Spring  and  Tem- 
ple sts.     Tel.  Main  62. 

H.  C.  Worland,  2133  E.  First  st.  Station  B. 

H.  B.  Fasig,  531  Downey  ave.,  cor.  Tru- 
man St.,  East  I,.  A.     Tel.  Alta  201. 

M.  W.  Brown,  1200  W.  Washington  st. 

lyiscomb's  Pharmacy,  cor.  Main  and  Fif- 
teenth sts.     Tel.  West  68. 

Catalina  Pharmacy,  M.  Home,  prop.,  1501 
W.  Seventh  st.     Tel.  Green  772. 

Edmiston  &  Harrison,  Vermont  and  Jef- 
ferson sts.     Tel.  Blue  4701. 

E.  P.  Deville,  cor.  Sixth  and  Spring  sts. 
Tel.  Main  799. 

J.  V.  Akey,  Central  and  Vernon  aves. 
Tel.  West  32. 

Chicago  Pharmacy,  F.  J.  Krueli,  Ph.G., 
Prop.  Central  ave.  and  Twelfth  st. 
Tel.  West  132. 

W.  A.  Home,  s.  w.  cor.  Adams  st.   and 
Central  ave.    Tel.  West  200. 


Land  of  Sunshine  Commercial  Blue  t5ook,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Homeopatbic  Pharmacist 

Boericke  &  Runyon  Co.,  320  S.  Broad- 
way.    Tel.  Main  504. 

Delicacy  Store 
Ahrens*  Bakery,  425  S.  Broadway. 
Dye  Works,  Cleaning 

American  Dye  Works,  J.  A.  Berg,  prop. 

Office  210>^  S.  Spring  St.     Tel.  Main 

850.  Works  613-615  W.  Sixth  st.  Tel. 

Main  1016. 
English  Steam  Dye  Works,  T.  Caunce, 

proprietor,    829   S.   Spring  St.     Tel. 

Black  2731. 

Door  and    Window  Screens    and    House 
Repairing 

Adams  Mfg  Co.,  742  S.  Main  st.  Tel. 
Red  1048. 

ISlectricians 

Woodill  &  Hulse  Electric  Co.,    108  W. 

Third  St.  Tel.  Main  1125. 
Electric  Supply  and  Fixture  Co.,  541  S. 

Broadway.  Tel.  Main  831. 
Electrical  Commercial  Co.,  666  S.  Spring 

St.    Tel.  Main  1666. 

Employment  Agents. 

Hummel  Bros.  &  Co.,  300  and  302  West 
Second  st.  cor.  Broadway,  basement 
California  Bank  Bldg.  Tel.  Main 
509. 

Miss  Day's  Female  Employment  Office, 
121  >^  South  Broadway,  rooms  1  and 
3.     Tel.  Main  1179. 


Furnislied  Rooms 


Rate 


The  Seminole,  324  W.  Third  st. 

$3  per  week  and  up. 
The  Spencer,  316>^  W.  Third  st.      Rate 

$3  to  $5  per  week.      Tel.  Red  335 1 . 
The  Narragansett,  423  S.  Broadway,  opp. 

Van  Nuys   Broadway.     Tel.    Brown 

1373.     Rate  50c  per  day  and  up. 
The  Kenwood,  131^  S.  Broadway.     Rate 

$3  to  $6  per  week.    Tel.  Brown  1360. 
The  Hamilton,   521  S.  Olive  st.,  facing 

Central  Park.      Rate   $2  to  $5   per 

week. 
Miss  A.  A.  Ryan,  317  S.  Main  st.     Tel. 

Red  2046.     Rate  $2  to  $8  per  week. 
Menlo  Hotel,  Fritz  Guenther,  prop.,  cor. 

Main  and  Winston  sts.,  opp.  post- 
office.     Tel.  Brown  1221. 
The  London,  307>^  W.  Second  st.      Tel. 

Green  1363.     Rate  $2  to  $5  per  week. 
The  Rossmore,  Mrs.  M.  J.  Knox,  prop., 

416  W.  Sixth  St.      Rate   $1.50  to  $5 

per  week. 
The  Hafen,  Mrs.  M.  J.  Knox,  prop.,  344 

S.  Hill  St.    Rate  1 1 .50  to  $3  per  week. 
Fish,  Oysters  and  Game. 
(Family  trade  solicited) 
Levy's,  1 1 1  W.  Third  st.    Tel.  Main  1284. 


Fruit  and  Vegetables 

Marston  &   Co.,   320  Temple  st.      Tel. 

Main  1622.     (Shipping  solicited.) 
Rivers  Bros.,  Broadway  and  Temple  st. 

Tel.  Main  1426.  (Shipping  solicited.) 
Feather  Works,  Mattresses,  Pillows, Etc. 
Acme    Feather    Works,  Jas.    F.    Allen, 

Prop.,  513  S.  Spring  st.     Tel.  Black 

3151. 

Furniture,  Carpets  and  Draperies 
Los  Angeles  Furniture  Co.,  225-229  S. 

Broadway.     Tel.  Main  13. 
Southern  California  Furniture  Co.,  312- 

314  S.  Broadway.     Tel.  Main  1215. 
I.  T.  Martin,  531-3-5  S.  Spring  st. 

Gas  Regulators. 
Los  Angeles  Gas  Saving  Association,  666 

S.  Spring  St.     Tel.  1666. 
Grilles,  Fretwork,  Wood  Novelties,  Etc. 
Los  Angeles  Grille   Works,   610  South 

Broadway. 

Groceries 
Blue  Ribbon  Grocery,  B.  Wynns  &  Co., 

449  S.  Spring  st.     Tel.  Main  728. 
Despars  &  Sou,  cor.  Main  and  Twenty- 
fifth  sts. 
H.  Jevne,  208-210  S.  Spring  st. 
C.  A.  Neil,  423  Downey  ave.,  East  L.  A. 

Tel.  Alta  202. 
Marston   &  Co.,   320  Temple  st.      Tel. 

Main  1622 
Electric  Grocery,  1603S.  Grand  ave.  Tel. 

Blue  2612. 
Geo.   Williamson,    1436-38  S.    Main  st. 

Tel.  White  2062. 
O.  Willis,  690  Alvarado  st.     Tel.   Main 

1382. 
J.  C.  Rockhill,    1573  W.   First  St.,   cor. 

Belmont  ave.      Tel.  Main  789. 
T.  L.  Coblentz,  825  S.   Grand  ave.     Tel. 

Brown  777. 
J.  Lawrence,  Cool  Block,  cor.  Jefferson  st. 

and  Wesley  ave. 
Rivers  Bros. ,  Broadway  and  Temple  st. 

Tel.  Main  1426. 
Smith  &  Anderson,  cor.  Pico  and  Olive 

sts.     Tel.  Blue  3966. 
C.  R.  Robinson,  318  S.  Broadway.      Tel. 

Green  1962. 
J.  H.  Wyatt,  332  E.  Fifth  st.     Tel.  Brown 

973- 
J.  H.  Crew,  Station  F  Postoffice,  523  W. 

Washington  st.     Tel.  White  2614. 
The  99  Grocery,  T.  J.  Coy,  prop.,  4402 

Central  ave.     Tel.  West  32. 
Central  Avenue  Mercantile  Store,  Mrs. 

E.  Botelio,  prop.,   1200  Central  ave. 

Tel.  Blue  2580. 
Power  House  Grocery,  J.   A.   Fazenda, 

prop.,  625  Central  ave.     Tel.  Green 

813. 

Haberdasbierg  and  Hatters. 
Bumiller  &  McKnight,  123  S.  Spring  st. 

Tel.  Main  547. 

ELaJr  Bazaar  and  Beauty  Parlors 
The   Imperial,   Frank  Neubauer,  prop., 

224-226   W.  Second  st.     Tel.  Black 

1381. 


Uana  Ol  dunsnine  womnieri^iai  diuc  duuiv,   i^us  /^iij^cica,  wai. 


Hardwood  and  Parquetry  Flooring  and 
Jb^uamei  Faints. 

Marshall  &  Jenkins,  430  S.    Broadway. 
Tel.  Green  1611. 

Hay,  Grain,  Goal  and  Wood 

The  P.  J.  Brannen  Feed,  Fuel  &  Storage 
Co.,  806-810  a.  Main  St.      Tel.  Mam 
419. 
William  Dibble,  cor.  Sixth  and  Los  An- 
geles sts.     Tel.  Green  1761. 
Grand  Avenue  F'eed  &  Fuel  Co.,  A.  F. 
Cochems,    1514    Grand    ave.      Tel. 
West  227. 
A.   E.   Breuchaud,   841    S.   Figueroa  st. 

Tel.  Main  923. 
Parker  Seymour,    1528  W.  Seventh  St., 

Westlake  District.     Tel.  Main  647. 
Enterprise  Fuel  and  Feed  Store,  Ax  & 
Peet,  1006  West  Ninth  st.     Tel.  West 
239, 
The  M.  Black  Co.,   306-308  Central  ave. 

Tel.  Brown  811. 
Dewey  Fuel  and  Feed  Yard,  G.  Divvor, 
prop.,  Twenty-third  st.  and  Central 
ave.     Tel.  Blue  4046. 

Homoeopattiic  Pliarinaclst 
Boericke  &Runyon  Co.,  320  S.  Broadway. 
Tel.  Main  504. 

Hospitals 
The  California  Hospital,   1414  S.    Hope 

St.     Tel.  West  92. 
Dr.  Stewart's  Private  Hospital,  315  West 
Pico  St.     Tel.  West  14. 
Hotels 
Abbotsford  Inn,  cor,  Eighth  and   Hope 

sts.     Rate,  $1.50  per  day  and  up. 
Aldine  Hotel,  Hill  St.,   bet.  3rd  and  4th 
^ts.     American  plan,  j)1.50  per   aay 
and   up.      European   plan,    ^3.50   to 
$10.00  per  week. 
Hotel  Locke,  139  S.  Hill  St.,  entrance  on 
Second  st.     American   plan.     Rate 
$8.00  to  $12  per  week. 
Bellevue  Terrace  Hotel,  cor.  Sixth  and 
Figueroa  sts.  Rate,  $2  per  day  and  up. 
HoUenbeck  Hotel,  American  and  Europ- 
ean plan.  Second  and  Spring  sis. 
Hotel  Van  Nuys,    n.  w.    cor.    Main   and 
Fourth  sts.      American  plan,   |3  to 
$12  per  day;    European  plan,  $1    to 
$10  per  day. 
Hotel    Palms,    H.    C.    Fryman,     prop., 
Sixth  and  Broadway.    American  and 
European  plans. 
Westminster  Hotel,  n.  e.  cor.  Main  and 
Fourth  sts.     American  plan,  $3  per 
day  and  up  ;  European  plan,  $1  per 
day  and  up. 
Hotel   Gray   Gables,   cor.  Seventh    and 

Hill  sts.     Rates  $1  to  $2  per  day. 
Hotel  Lillie,  534  S.   Hill  st.     Rate  $8  to 

$15  per  week. 
The  Belmont,  425  Temple  st.     Rate  $6.50 

per  week  and  up. 
Hotel  Grey,   n.  e.  cor.  Main  and  Third 
sts.    European  plan.      Rate,  $3.00  to 
$12  per  week. 
Hotel  Rio   Grande,   425   W.   Second  st. 
Rate,  $1.50  per  day  and  up. 


Hardware 

W.  A.  Russell,  204  S.  Broadway.     Tel. 
Main  47. 

Japanese  Fancy  Goods 

Quong  I,ee  Lung  &  Co.,  350  S.  Spring  st. 
Jeweler^  and  Watchmakers 

S.  Conradi,  113  S.  Spring  st.  Tel.  Main 
1159. 

W.  T.  Harris,  cor.  First  and  Main  sts. 
Tel.  Red  2981. 

Ladies'   Tailor 

S.  Benioflf,  330  S.  Broadway. 
Laundries 

Acme  Steam  Laundry,  325-327  E.  Second 
St.     Tel.  Main  531. 

Crystal  Steam  Laundry,  W.J.  Hill,  Mgr., 
416-420  E.  First  st.  Tel.  Red  1932. 
Special  prices  to  families ;  all  silks 
and  flannels  washed  with  distilled 
water ;  no  shrinkage,  no  fading. 
liiquor    Merchants 

H.  J.  Woollacott,  124-126  N.  Spring  st. 

Southern  California  Wine  Co.,  220  W. 
Fourth  St. 

Edward   Germain   Wine  Co.,  397-399  S. 

Los  Angeles  st.     Tel.  Main  919. 

Liivery  Stables  and  Tally-hos 

Tally-ho  Stable  &  Carriage  Co.,  W.  R. 
Murphy  (formerly  at  109  N.  Broad- 
way), 712  S.  Broadway.  Tel.  Main 
51. 

Eagle  Stables,  Woodward  &  Cole,  122  S. 
Broadway.     Tel.  Main  248. 

Eureka  Stables,  323  W.  Fifth  st.  Tel. 
Main  71. 

Millinery 

Maison  Nouvelle,  Miss  A.  Clarke,  222  W. 

3rd  St.     Tel.  Main  1374. 
Meat  Markets 
Norma  Market,   M.   T.    Ryan,     1818  S. 

Main  St.     TeL  West  171. 
Crystal  Market,  Reed  Bros.,  2309  S.  Union 

ave.     Tel.  Blue  3131. 
Model   Market,  R.    A.  Norries,   831    W. 

Sixth  St.  cor  Pearl.     Tel.  979  Main. 
Boston  Cash   Market,  Jos.  Oser,  1156  S. 

Olive  St.     Tel.  West  126. 
Grand    Avenue    Market,   J.    A.    Rydell, 

22 1 8  S.  Grand  ave.     Tel .  White  32 1 1 . 
Philadelphia  Market,  S.  S.  Jackson,  3304 

S.  Main  St.     Tel.  White  2063. 
Pioneer   Meat   Market,  E.   Rudolph,  514 

Downey  ave..  East  L.  A.     Tel.  Alta 

208. 
Chicago   Market,  J.    Wollenshlager,  410 

S.  Main  st.      Tel.  Main  779. 
Popular    Market,  J.  J.    Everharty,    205 

West  Fourth  st.     Tel.  Red  1289. 
Park  Market,  Chas.  Kestner,  329  West 

Fifth  St.     Tel.  Red  925. 
Superior  Market,  J.G.  Young,  717   W. 

Jefferson  st.     Tel.  West  50. 
Eureka  Market,  Jay  W.  Hyland,  cor.  7th 

St.  and  Union  ave.      Tel.  Main  1467. 
Oregon  Market,  Geo.  N.   Briggs,  prop., 

525  W.  Sixth  st.     Tel.  Red  2032. 
Floral  Meat  Market,  Frinier  &  Watkins, 

4404  Central  ave.     Tel.  West  32. 


Land  of  Sunshine  Commercial  Blue  Book,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Merchant  Tailors 

O.  C.  Sens,  219  W  Second  St.,  opp.  Hol- 

lenbeck  Hotel. 
Brauer  &  Krohn,  1 14>^  S.  Main  st. 
A.  J.  Partridge,    125   W.   First  st.     Tel. 

Green  13. 
M.  C.  Meiklejohn,  203  S.  Main  st.  Branch 

E  St.,  San  Bernardino. 

Meu's  Furnigliing  Goods,  Notions,  Fancy 
Goods,  etc. 

Cheapside  Bazaar,   F.  E.   Verge,  2440  S. 
Main  st. 
Mexican  Hand- Carved  L.eatlier  Goods 
H.  Ross  &  Sons,  352  S.  Broadway,  P.  O. 
box  902. 

Mineral  Baths. 
hos  Angeles  Mineral  Baths  and  Springs, 
A.  Puissegur,  Prop.,  cor.  Macy  and 
lyyon  sts.,  and  851  Howard  st. 
Modiste 
Miss  H.  M.  Goodwin,  Muskegon  Block, 
cor.  Broadway  and  Third  st. 
Monumental  Dealers 
Ivane  Bros.,  631  S.  Spring  St.,  I^os  Ange- 
les, and  41 1  McAlister  St.,  San  Fran- 
cisco. 

Nurserymen  and  Florists 

Ivos  Angeles  Nursery.  Sales  depot  446 
S.  Main  st.  P.  O.  box  549.  (Special- 
ties, plant  and  cacti  souvenirs. ) 

Elysian  Gardens  and  Nursery,  Ethel 
Lord,  prop.  City  depot  440  S.  Broad- 
way. Nursery  corner  Philleo  and 
Marathon  sts. 

Elmo  R.  Meserve.  Salesyard  635  S. 
Broadway.  Tel.  White  3226.  Nur- 
sery 2228  Sutter  st. 

Opticians 

Adolph  Frese,  126  S.  Spring  st. 

Boston  Optical  Co.,  Kyte  &  Granicher, 
235  S.  Spring  st. 

Fred  Detmers,  354  S.  Broadway. 
Osteopathy 

Pacific  School  of  Osteopathy  and  Infirm- 
ary, C.  A.  Bailey,  Pres.,  Tenth  and 
Flower  sts.     Tel.  West  55. 
Paints,  Oils  and  Glass 

Scriver  &  Quinn,  200-202  S.  Main  st. 
Tel.  565. 

P.  H.  Mathews,  233-240  S.  Main  st.    Tel. 
1025. 
Pharmaceutical  Manufacturers. 

The  Salubrita  Pharmacal  Co.,  Mrs.  L.  W. 
Shellhamer,  lady  mgr  122  West 
Third  St.,  room  20.  (P'ine  cosmetics 
a  specialty.) 

Pianos,  Sheet  Music  and  Musical 
Merchandise 

Southern  California  Music  Co.,  216-218 
W.  Third  st.     Tel.  585. 

Fitzgerald  Music  &  Piano  Co.,  113  S. 
Spring  St.     Tel.  Main  1 159. 

Williamson  Bros.,  327  S.  Spring  st.  Tel. 
1315  Brown. 

Geo.  T.  Exton,  327  S.  Spring  st.  Tel. 
1315  Brown.  (Agent  for  Regal  Man- 
dolins and  Guitars. ) 


Pawn  Brokers 

ly.  B.  Cohn,  120-122  North  Spring  st. 
Photograpliers 

Townsend's,  340>^  S.  Broadway, 

Photogrraphic  Material,  Kodaks,  etc. 

Dewey  Bros.,  109  W.  Second  st.  Tel. 
Green  1784. 

Picture  Frames,  Artists'  Materials,  Sou- 
venirs 

Sanborn,  Vail  &  Co.,  133  S.  Spring  st. 
Ita  Williams,  354  S.  Broadway  and   311 
S.  Main  st. 

Pleating— Accordion  and  Knife 
Tucking,  i;ording.  Pinking  and  Braiding 

Mrs.  T.  M.  Clark,  340>^  S.  Hillst. 

Printing,  Engraving,  Binding 

Kingsley-Barnes  &  Neuner  Co.,  123  S. 
Broadway.     Tel.  Main  417. 

Restaurants 

Ebinger's  Dining  Parlors,  cor.  Spring 
and  Third  sts.     Tel.  610. 

Saddlerock  Fish  and  Oyster  Parlors,  236 
S.  Spring  st.  (Private  dining  par- 
lors.) 

Maison  Doree  (French  Restaurant),  145- 
147  N.  Main  st.     Tel.  Main  1573. 

Seymour  Dining  Parlors,  318  West  Sec- 
ond St. 

The  Rival  Lunch  Counter  and  Restaur- 
ant, 115  W.  Second  St. 

Rubber  Stamps,  Stencils  and  Seals 

lyos  Angeles  Rubber  Stamp  Co.,  224  W. 
First  St.     Tel.  Red  3941. 

Ruberoid  Roofing  and  P.  &  B.  Roof 
Paints  and  Gravel  Roofing. 

Paraffine  Paint  Co.,  312-314  W.  Fifth  st. 

Safe  Dealers. 

The  Moser  Safe  Co.,  J.  H.  Britton,  Agt., 

338  N.  Main  st.     Tel.  Main  1347. 

Seeds  and  Agricultural  Implements 

Johnson  &  Musser  Seed  Co.,  1 13  N.  Main 

St.     Tel.  Main  176. 

Sewing  Machines  and  Bicycles 
Williamson  Bros. ,  327  S.  Spring  st.     Tel . 

Brown  1315. 

Shirt  and  Shirt  Waist  Makers 

Machin  Shirt  Co.,  1 18^  S.  Spring  st. 

Bumiller  &  McKnight,  123  S.  Spring  st. 

Tel.  Main  547. 

Sheet  Metal  Works,  Galvanized  Iron 

and  Copper  Cornices,  Sky  Liights, 

Roofing,  etc. 

Union  Sheet  Metal  Works,   347   to  351 
Central  ave.     Tel.  Black  2931. 
Sign  Writers  and  Painters 

S.  Bros.-Schroeder  Bros.,  121  E.  Second 
St.     Tel.  Main  561. 

lyouis  Gaubatz,  234  E.  Second  st. 

Soda  Works  and  Beer  Bottlers 

I,os  Angeles  Soda  Works  (H.  W.  Stoll  & 
Co.),  509  Commercial  st.     Tel.  Main 
103. 
Sporting  Goods  and  Bicycles 

L.  A.  Cycle  &  Sporting  Goods  Co.,  319 
S.  Main  st. 


Land  of  Sunshine  Commercial  Blue  Book,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Shoe  Stores 

W.  E.  Cummings,  Fourth  and  Broadway. 

Innes-Crippen  Shoe  Co.,  258  S.  Broad- 
way and  231  W.  Third  st. 

Waterman's  Shoe  Store,  122  S  Spring  st. 

Skinner  &  Kay,  sole  agents  Burt  &  Pack- 
ard '•  Korredt  Shape  "  shoes,  209  W. 
Third  st. 

F.  E.  Verge,  2440  S.  Main  st. 

Taxidennist  and  Naturalist 

Wm.  F.  Winkler,  346  S.  Broadway. 
Teas,  Coffees  and  Spices 

Sunset  Tea  &  Coffee  Co.,  229  W.  Fourth 
St.     Tel.  Main  1214. 

J.  D.  Lee'&  Co.,  130  W.  Fifth  st. 

Tents,  Awnings.  Hammocks,    Camp 
Furniture,  etc. 

Los  Angeles  Tent  &' Awning  Co.,  A.  W. 

Swanfeldt,    prop.,  220^  S.   Main  st. 

Tel.  Main  1160. 
J.  H.  Masters,  136  S.  Main  st.     Tel.  Main 

1512. 

Trunk  Manufacturers,' Traveling 
Cases,  etc. 

D.  D.  Whitney,  423  S.    Spring  st.    Tel. 

Main  203. 
Upholstering,   Polishing,  Cabinet  Work 
Broadway  Furniture  &  Upholstering  Co., 

521  S.  Broadway. 


Transfer  Co. 

(See  Van  and  Storage  Co's.) 

Undertakers 

Bresee  Bros..  557-559  S.  Broadway.  Tel. 
Main  243. 

C.  D.  Howry,  509-511  S.  Broadway.  Of- 
fice Tel.  107  ;  Res.  Tel.  541. 

Peck  &  Chase  Co.,  433-435  S.  Hill  st. 
Tel.  61. 

Van  and  Storage  Companies 

Bekins  Van  and  Storage  Co.     Office  436 
S.  Spring  st.;  Tel.  Main  19.       Ware- 
house, Fourth  and  Alameda  sts.;  Tel. 
Black  1221. 
Wall  Paper,  Room  Moulding,  Decorating 
Los  Angeles  Wall  Paper  Co  ,  309  S.  Main 

St.     Tel.  Green  314. 
New  York  Wall  Paper  Co.,  452  S.  Spring 
St.     Tel.  Main  207. 

Warehouse 

(See  Van  and  Storage  Co's.) 

Wood  Mantels,  Tiles,  Grates,  Etc. 

Chas    E.    Marshall,   514  S.    Spring    st. 

Tel.  Brown  1821. 

Wood  Turning,  Grill  and  Cabinet  Work. 

The  Art  Mill  Co.,  649  S.  Spring  st.     Te  . 

Green  1638. 
Wood  Turning,  Scroll  and  Band  Sawing 
A.  J.  Koll,  335-337  E    Second  st.      Tel. 

1242. 


PASADENA    COMMERCIAL,    BLUE    BOOK, 

Pasadena  is  a  city  of  beautiful  homes.  Its  charming  location  near  the  Sierra 
Madre  mountains,  at  the  head  of  the  beautiful  San  Gabriel  valley,  and  its  proximity 
and  exceptional  railway  facilities  to  Los  Angeles,  make  it  at  once  popular  both  as  a 
winter  resort  to  tourists  and  a  suburban  residence  for  Los  Angeles  business  men. 
It  has  good  business  houses,  fine  churches  and  schools,  an  excellent  library, 
charming  drives  and  the  finest  hotel  in  the  section. 


Banks. 

First  National  Bank,  cor.  Fair  Oaks  ave. 
and  Colorado  st. 

Bakeries. 

C.  S.  Heiser,  22  West  Colorado  st.  Branch 
128  Pine  St.,  Long  Beach. 

Confectionery  and  Christopher's 
Ice  Cream. 

The  Hawaiian.  35  East  Colorado  st.    Tel. 
Black  1015.      Manufacturer  of  Stur- 
devant's  famous  Log  Cabin  Candy. 
Coal.  Wood,  Hay  and  Grain. 

J.  A.  Jacobs  &  Son,  100  East  Colorado 
St.     Tel.  Main  105. 

Druggists. 

Asbury  G.  Smith,  n.  w.  cor.   Raymond 

and  Colorado  sts.     Tel.  Main  171. 

Furniture,  Carpets  and  Draperies. 

Chas.  E.  Putman,  96-98  East  Colorado  st. 

Brown  &  Sutliff,  99-103  South  Fair  Oaks 

ave.     Tel.  99. 

Gymnasium,'  Baths,  Massage. 

Howland's  Gymnasium,  cor.  Green  and 

Fair  Oaks.     Tel.  Black  673. 


Groceries. 

W.  J.  Kelly,  55-57  East  Colorado  st.    Tel. 

86. 
Martin  &  Booher,  24  East  Colorado  st. 
Tel.  Main  54. 

Haberdashers  and  Hatters. 

F.  E.  Twombly,  28  East  Colorado  st. 

Harness  and  Horse  Furnishing  Goods. 

H.    I.   Howard,    117    East    Colorado    st. 

(Fine  custom  work  a  specialty  ) 

Hotels. 

Carlton  Hotel,  25  East  Colorado  st.     In 

business   center   and   near  all   R.R. 

depots.    European  plan.    Rates,  50c. 

to  fl.OO  per  day. 
Hotel  Mitchell,  cor.  Dayton  st.  and  Fair 

Oaks   ave.      American   plan.     Rates 

$2.00  per  day  and  up. 

Ice,  Distilled  W^ater,  etc. 
Independent  Ice  Co.,  cor   Raymond  ave. 

and  Union  st.     Tel.  Red  672. 
Ijaundries. 
Pacific   Steam  Laundry,  254  South  Fair 

Oaks  ave.     Tel.  Main* 72. 


Pasadena  Commercial  Blue  Book. 


Meat  Markets. 

City  Meat  Market,  John  Breiner,  83  East 

Colorado  St.     Tel.  60. 
East  Side  Market,  H.  L.  Flournoy,  184- 

186  East  Colorado  st.    Tel.  Black  314. 

Mexican  Hand-Carved  Tieatlier  Goods. 

Leather  Novelty  Manufacturing  Co., 
L  F.  Brown,  mgr.,  11  East  Colorado 

St. 

Millinery. 

Knox  &  McDermid  Millinery  Parlors, 
No  9  Fair  Oaks  ave..  First  National 
Bank  Bldg. 

Opticians. 

Drs.  F.  M.  &  A.  C.  Taylor,  31  East  Col- 
orado St. 


Restaurants  (liunclies  put  up). 

Arlington  Restaurant  and  Bakery,  S.'F. 
Smiley,  prop.,  102  East  Colorado  st, 
second  door  west  Santa  F^  tracks. 

Mrs.  McDermids  Delicacy  Bakery,  35 
East  Colorado  st. 

steel  Kansres,   'House   Furnishing   Hard- 
ware, Refrigerators,  etc. 

Pasadena   Hardware    Company,    No.    13 

East  Colorado  st. 

TTnd*'rtalters. 
Reynolds  &  VanNuvs,  63  N.  Fair  Oaks 

ave.     Tel.  52.     Proprietors  Pasadena 

Crematorium. 

"Wall  Parser.  Mouldinirs.  "Window  Shades, 
Paints.  Oils,  Varnishes. 

H.  E  Lodge,  172  East  Colorado  st.  Tel. 
Red  401. 


Works  of  Chas.  F.  Lummis 


Published  by  Harper  &  Bros,,  N.  Y. 

The  Awakening  of  a  Nation ;  Mexico  today. 

Superbly  illustrated  from  photc^^raphs  made 
bv  the  author  expressly  for  this  work.     $2.60. 

••  The  best  book  on  Ihe  Republicof  Mexico  that 
has  vet  been  publisheo." — Brooklyn  Rag^le. 

"  He  is  as  complete  a  specimen  of  the  American 
as  could  be  found  in  a  dav's  journey.  We  can,  in 
fact,  scarcely  recall  a  career  that  has  been  as 
wholly  unique  *as  that  of  Mr.  Lummis.  Other 
men  have  been  as  extensive  travelers,  but  none, 
unless  we  except  some  of  the  Arctic  explorers, 
have  seen  and  done  such  stran^re  thing^s  His 
name  is  an  assurance  that  the  task  he  has  set 
himself  here  would  be  well  done." — Philadelphia 
Telef:ra1>h. 

"  Amonjr  the  few  Americans  who  have  made  a 
specialty  of  the  Southwest,  Chas.  F.  Lummis 
stands  nut  bv  reason  of  his  gfraphic  style,  his 
power  of  putting  things,  his  broad  human  nature 
and  his  co^mopolit-  nism.  If  he  had  done  noth- 
insf  more  than  write  his  latest  book  on  Mexico, 
he  would  deserve  thanks. "  —  San  Francisco 
Chronicle. 

"  We  commend  most  heartily  the  discrimination 
and  the  enthusiasm  with  which  the  author  has 
written  of  the  country  concerning  which,  through 
years  of  the  most  intimate  study,  he  has  become 
so  much  of  an  authoHtv." — Boston  Herald. 

"  Unquestionably  the  most  entertaining  story 
of  modem  Mexican  life  and  character  which  has 
been  ytriXX^n."  —Boston  Journal. 

"Mr.  Lummis's  work  has  been  approved  so 
generally  that  it  is  scarcely  needful  to  say  that  it 
oflFers  us  information  obtainable  nowhere  else." 
—  Philadelphia  Bulletin. 

"  As  fascinating  to  read  as  any  novel." — N.  Y. 
Commercial  Advertiser, 

"  Not  a  somnolent  line  in  it.  Thoroughly 
grounded  in  Spanish- American  history,  with 
Spanish  at  tongue  and  pen's  end  and  an  extensive 
personal  acquaintance  with  the  lands  to  the  south 
of  us."— A^.  Y.  Nation. 


Published  by  Chas.  Scrtbner's  Sons,  N.  Y. 

The  King  of  the  Broncos,  and  other  stories 

of  New    Mexico,    Illustrated  by   V.  Perard 
from  photos,  by  the  author.    With  portrait. 
J1.26. 
"  A  ma'ster  of  style." — N.  Y.  Pvangelist. 
"  '^'oteworthv  in  strong  style,  dramatic  force, 
hearty  hnman  nature  and  deep  human  interest." 
— S.  P.  Chronicle. 

Ktc. 


The  Land  of  Poco  Tiempo.  illustrated.  $2.50 

"  A  charming  volume."— 7"A/»  Academy,  London 
"  Uniformly  and  surpassingly  brilliant." 

— Boston  Traveller. 


Published  by  Herbert  S.  Stone  &  Co.,  Chicago. 

The  Enchanted  Burro;   stories  of  New 

Mexico  and  Peru.  15  full-page  illustrations 
by  Chas.  Abel  Corwin  from  the  author's 
photogn'aphs.    $1.50. 

"We  have  today  no  storyteller  who  blends 
literary  grace  and  scientific  accuracy  quite  so 
acceptably."— Los  Angeles  Express. 

"  Twelve  short  stories  which  are  crisp  and  clear 
as  gems.  So  vivid,  so  conyincing,  that  the  reader 
feels  that  his  own  eyes  have  had  glimpses  of 
scenes  remote  but  no  longer  unfamiliar." 

—  The  Bookman,  N.  Y. 

"  These  stories  make  a  distinct  place  for  them- 
selves in  the  annals  of  fiction," 

— Boston  Herald. 


Published  by  the  Century  Co.,  N.  Y. 

Some  Strange  Corners  of  Our  Country. 

Illustrated .     |i  .50. 

"  He  has  written  a  great  book,  every  page  ol 
which  is  worth  a  careful  reading." 

—Mail  and  Express,  N.  Y. 

"The  mo.et  unique  and  perhaps  the  most  de- 
lightful and  interesting  book  yet  written  on 
American  history." 

—  Thomas  IVeniworth  Higgtnson. 

The  Man  who  Married  the  Moon,  atid  other 
Pueblo  Indiati  Eolkstories.  Illustrated 
by  George  Wharton  Edwards.     $1.50. 

"  Deserves  to  be  classed  with  the  best  of  its 
kind  yet  produced  in  our  country." 

—  The  Nation,  N.  Y. 

"  We  can  insist  on  the  great  pleasure  some  ol 
these  stories  must  give  the  reader ;  and  one,  '  The 
Mother  Moon,'  is  as  poetic  and  beautiful  as  any- 
thing we  have  ever  read,  in  or  out  of  folklore." 
—N.  Y.  Times, 

Etc. 


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the  climate  is  temper- 


ed in  summer  by  ocean  breezes,  and  in  winter  by  sunshine. 


'^i  It  is  therefore 


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THE  HOTEL  ARCADIA  f 

1^       The  great  Summer  and  Winter  Resort  Hotel  is  modern  and  first-class  ^ 

iJ   in  its  appointments  and  service,  and  affords  fine  marine  and  mountain  rr 

views,  hunting,  fishing,  the  longest  wharf  in  the  world,  warm  salt  water  ^ 

plunge,  surf  bathing   the  year  round,  and  convenient  and  enjoyable  fr 

headquarters  from  which  to  visit  all  points  of  interest  in  Southern  Cal-  fr 

iforuia.     Steam  and  electric  cars  every  thirty  minutes.  n 


Frank  A.  fliller,  Prop 


Santa  Honica,  Cal 


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EVERYBODY  GOES 
TO  SANTA  MONICA 


Via 


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OIR  fLYER 

Leaves 
Los  Angeles 
5:00,  5:30  and 

6:00  p.  m. 
reaching  Santa 

Monica 
without,    stops 


It  provides  one  of  the  most  modern 
equipments  and    the   coolest   and    most 
scenic  route  in  Southern  California. 
For  Santa  Monica:     Cars  leave  Fourth  and  Broadway,  Los  Angeles,  via  Hill  and 
16th  streets,  every  half  hour  from  *6:30  a.  m.  to  7:30  p.  m.,  and  hourly  to  11:30  p.  m. 

Via  Bellevue  Ave.,  Colegrove  and  Sherman,  every  hour  from  *6:15  a.  m.  to  11:15  p.m. 
4:45  p.  m.,  5:45  p.  m.  and  11:45  p.  m.  to  Sherman  only.  Cars  leave  Plaza  lo  minutes  later. 
For  Los  Angeles  :  Cars  leave  Hill  Street,  Santa  Monica,  at  ♦5:50,  ♦6:10,  ♦6:40  a.  m., 
and  every  half  hour  from  7:10  a.m.  to  7:40  p.  ni.,  and  hourly  thereafter  to  10:40  p.  m. 
Sundays,  every  half  hour  from  7:10  a.  m.  to  7:40  p.  m.,  and  hourly  to  10:40  p.  m.  Leave 
band  stand,  Ocean  Ave.,  5  minutes  later. 

Cars  leave  Hill  Street,  South  Santa  Monica,  40  minutes  after  each  hour  from  6:40  a.  m. 
to  9:40  p.  m.    Connect  at  Morocco  cars  via  Sherman  and  Colegrove. 

♦Except  Sundays.     Offices,  Chamber  of  Commerce  BIdg.,  4th  and  Broadway,  Los  Angeies 


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Cal — 


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UMBRELLA' ROOE 

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The  Adjustable  "  Roof"  fits  any  frame,  requires 
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est  trouble  or  moments  delay. 

Take  the  measure  (to  the  fraction  of  an  inch)  of 
your  old  umbrella;  count  the  number  of  outside 
ribs ;  state  if  the  center  rod  is  steel  or  wood  ;  send  to  us  with  $i.oo 
and  we  will  mail  postpaid,  a  Union  Twilled  Silk  25  or  26  inch  Ad- 
justable "  Roof"  (27  or  28  inch,  $1.25  ;  29  or  30  inch,  $1.50).  Um- 
brella "Roofs"  all  sizes  and  prices  from  50  cents  to  $8.00  each, 
according  to  quality.  If  you  are  not  absolutely  satisfied  in  every 
particular,  send  the  "roof"  back,  and  we  will  refund  the 
money  at  once,  including  "tamps  you  have  used  for  post- 
age. Over  a  quarter  of  a  million  "  Roofs  "  sold. 
Booklet,  "  Umbrella  Economy"  with  simple  instruc- 
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The  Joncs-MuSlcn  Co..  396-398  Broadway,  New  York. 

Manufacturers  of  the  highest  grades  of  Umbrellas  to  the  largest  stores  in  the  world. 


^  ART    IN    OBSIDIAN 
A    LITTLE    CURIO 
THE  LEGEND  OF  XOCHITL 


I^avlshly 

Illustrated 


^^j^^M'Z^iten.OSJ'AISESDaSOLDIlATANaALMA 


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WITH  A  SYNDICATE 
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EDITED  BY 

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v;  RELIABLE 

^         HOUSE 


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than  anywhere  else  in  the  Southwest. 

order  from  ^^  Nilcs  Pcasc  Fumiturc  Co. 

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*•     5  and  6— June  '96  to  May  '97,     *'         *'       **  **  3.60,     **  "  3.00 

"     7  and  8— June '97  to  May '98,     "         "       "  "  2.85,     "  *'  2.25 

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The  Land  of  Sunshine 

(incorporated)      capital  stock  $50,000. 

The  Magazine  of  California  and  the  West 

EDITED  BY  CHAS.  F.  LUMMIS 

The  Only  Exclusively  Western  Magazine 

AMONG    THE    STOCKHOLDERS    AND    CONTRIBUTORS    ARE: 


DAVID  STARR  JORDAN 

President  of  Stanford  University. 

THEODORE  H.  HITTELL 

The  Historian  of  California. 

MARY  HALLOCK  FOOTE 

Author  of  T>ie  Led-Horse  Claim^  etc. 

MARGARET  COLIylER  GRAHAM 

Author  of  Stories  of  the  Foothills. 

GRACE  ElylyERY  CHANNING 

Author  of  The  Sister  of  a  Saint,  etc. 

ELIyA    HIGGINSON 

Author  of  A  Forest  Orchid,  etc. 

JOHN  VANCE  CHENEY 

Author  of  Thistle  Drift,  etc. 

CHARLES  WARREN  STODDARD 
The  Poet  of  the  South  Seas. 

INA  COOLBRITH 

Author  of  Songs  from  the  Golden  Gate,  etc. 

EDWIN  MARKHAM 

Author  of   The  Man  with  the  Hoe. 

JOAQUIN  MILLER 

The  Poet  of  the  Sierras. 

CHAS.  FREDERICK  HOLDER 

Author  of  The  Life  of  Agassiz,  etc. 


WILLIAM  KEITH 

The  greatest  Western  painter. 

DR.  WASHINGTON  MATTHEWS 
Ex-Prest.  American  Folk-Lore  Society. 

DR.  ELLIOTT  CODES 

The  Historian  of  Lewis  and  Clark. 

GEO.  PARKER  WINSHIP 

The  Historian  of  Coronado's  Marches. 

FREDERICK  WEBB  HODGE 

of  the  Bureau  of  Ethnology,  Washington. 

GEO.  HAMLIN  FITCH 

Literary  Editor  S.  F.  Chronicle. 

CHARLOTTE  PERKINS  STETSON 

Author  of  In  This  Our  World. 

CHAS.  HOWARD  SHINN 

Author  of  The  Story  of  the  Mine,  etc. 

T.  S.  VAN  DYKE 

Author  of  Rod  and  Gun  in  California,  etc. 

CHAS.  A.  KEELER 

A  Director  of  the  California  Academy 
of  Sciences. 

LOUISE  M.  KEELER 
ALEX.  F.  HARMER 

L.  MAYNARD  DIXON 


CONSTANCE  GODDARD  DU  BOIS 

Author  The  Shirld  of  the  Fleur  de  Lis 


Illustrators. 
CHAS.  DWIGHT  WILLARD 
BATTERMAN  LINDSAY,     ETC.,     ETC. 


CONTENTS  FOR  OCTOBER,  1899 : 

The  Yucca Frontispiece 

Flower  of  the  Desert  (poem),  Eugene  M.  Rhodes 251 

A  California  Goat  Ranch,  illustrated,  Kate  P.  Sieghold 252 

Art  in  Obsidian,  illustrated,  H.  C.  Meredith 255 

The  Legend  of  Queen  Xochitl,  illustrated,  Owen  Wallace 258 

My  Brother's  Keeper,  illustrated,  Chas.  F.  Lummis 261 

California  in  1757 269 

A  Little  Curio  (story\  Julia  B.  Foster 270 

The  Big  Bonanza,  Theodore  H.  Hittell 275 

Early  California  (the  Viceroy's  Report,  1768-1793),  concluded 283 

In  the  Lion's  Den  (by  the  editor) 290 

That  Which  is  Written  (reviews  by  the  editor) 294 

The  Land  We  Love,  illustrated 297 

California  Babies,  illustrated  ..'. 

Entered  at  the  Los  Angeles  Postoffice  as  second-class  matter. 


Land    of   Stinehiine    Ptibli^liing    Co. 

F.  A.  PATTEE,  Bus.  Mgr.,  121^  S.  Broa(:way,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Directors  :  — W.  C.  Patterson,  Pres.;  Chas.  F.  I<ummis,  Vice-Pres. ;    F.  A.  Pattee,  Sec.; 
Fleishman,  Treas.;  ^.  Pryce  Mitchell,  Auditor;  Chas.  Cassat  Davis,  Atty.,  Cyrus  M.  Davis. 

Other  Stockholders :— Chas.  Form  an,  D.  Freeman,  F.  W.  Braun,  Jno.  F.  Francis,  E.  W.  Jones, 
Geo.  H.  Bonebrake,  F.  K.  Rule,  Andrew  Mullen,  I.  B.  Newton,  S.  H.  Mott,  Alfred  P.  Griffith, 
E.  E.  Bostwick,  H.  E.  Brook,  Kingsley-Barnes  &  Neuner  Co.,  I,.  Replogle,  Jno.  C.  Perry,  F.  A.  Schnell, 
G.  H.  Paine,  I,ouisa  C.  Bacon. 


H.J. 


WARNING. 


The  Land  of  Sunshine  Publishing  Co.  has  nothing  to  do  with  a  concern  which 
has  imitated  its  name  as  nearly  as  it  dared.  This  magazine  is  not  peddling  town- 
lots  in  the  desert.     It  is  a  magazine,  not  a  lottery.  Chas.  F.  Lummis. 


^  ISO'S   CURE   FOR 


i.  ne  uest  Mjugn  isynip. 
[Tastes  Good.  Use  in  time. | 
I  Sold  by  Dru^?ists, 


"We  offer  you  a  ready-made 
raedicine  for  Coughs,  Bronchitis, 
and  other  diseases  of  the  Throat 
and  Lungs.  Like  other  so-called 
Patent  Medicines,  it  is  "well  ad- 
vertised, and,  having  merit,  it 
has  attained  a  -wide  sale  under 
the  name  of  Piso's  Cure  for  Con- 
sumption. 

Piso's  Cure  for  Consumption  is  now  a  "  Nos- 
trum," though  at  first  it  was  compounded  after  a 
prescription  by  a  regular  physician,  with  no  idea 
that  it  would  ever  go  on  the  market  as  a  proprie- 
tary medicine.  But  after  compounding  that  pre- 
scription over  a  thousand  times  in  one  year,  we 
named  it  "  Piso's  Cure  for  Consumption,"  and  be- 
gan advertising  it  in  a  small  way.  A  medicine 
known  all  over  the  world  is  the  result. 

Prepaied  by 

The  Piso  Company,  Warren,Pa. 


ASTHMA 

IT  IS  OVU  SPEOIAI.TT 

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Wasting  and  Nervous 

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LinencnUars  &  Cuffs  f/^M- 
fASS'^WEST-niOY.  NY.  '^Ei/' 

SACHS    BROS  &  CO. 
San    Francisco    Coast   Agrents 


Through 
to  Boston. 


The  Burlington  Excursioos 

now  run  from  San  Fran- 
cisco to  St.  lyouis  via  Kan- 
sas City,  and  from  I,os  An- 
geles to  Boston  via  Denver, 
Omaha  and  Chicago.  Fin- 
est scenery  and  the  clean- 
lest  and  brightest  tourist 
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way. 

From  liOS  Angeles  every 
Wednesday;  San  Francisco 
every  Thursday.Write  for  fol- 
ders plvine:  full  information. 


I  W.  W.  ELLIOTT,  Los  Angeles  j 


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C.  M.  Davis  Eog.  Co. 


A   BLOSSOM   OF  BARREN   I,ANDS. 


Photo,  by  Graham. 


Vol.  11,  No.  5. 


LOS  ANGELES 


OCTOBER,  1899. 


A  Blossom  of  Barren  Lands. 


BY    EUGENE    M.    RHODES. 


i^ 

f 

fe 

FLOWER  grows  in  old  Cathay 

Whose  blood-red  petals  ease  our  woes, 
It  lulls  our  haunting  cares  away 

And  gives  our  weariness  repose. 
When  tortured  heart  and  fevered  brain 

Long  for  black  slumber,  dull  and  deep, 
The  poppy's  charm  can  ease  our  pain 

And  bid  us  —  sleep. 

And  subtler  Egypt's  fabled  bloom, 

The  lotus  of  forgetful  breath, 
Brings  to  remorse  oblivion's  doom 

And  gives  the  shameful  past  to  death. 
When  bitter  memories,  fierce  and  fell, 

Scourge  our  dark  hearts  with  wild  regret — 
O  for  the  flower  whose  languorous  spell 

Bids  us  —  forget  ! 

But  dearer,  more  divinely  born, 

Amid  the  deserts  desolate. 
The  yucca  blooms  above  its  thorn 

Triumphant  o'er  an  evil  fate. 
Brave,  stainless,  waxen  miracle, 

So  may  we  with  our  fortunes  cope, 
Who  in  life's  burning  deserts  dwell. 

You  bid  us  —  hope  ! 


JEngle,  N.  M. 


Copyright  1899  by  Land  of  Sunshine  Pub.  Co. 


252 


A  California  Goat -Ranch. 


BY    KATE    P.    SIEOHOLD. 


ALIFORNIA  ranches  vary  in  interest  as  their 
location  and  staple  vary.  The  monotonous 
grain-ranches  of  the  great  valleys,  with  per- 
haps 5000  acres  of  wheat  or  barley  in  one 
field  ;  the  fruit  ranches  of  the  smaller  val- 
leys and  their  circumvallation  ;  the  vine- 
yards and  stock-ranches  of  the  foothills  ;  the 
sugar-beet  fields  of  the  lowlands  —  all  are 
interesting,  but  not  all  in  like  degree.  Perhaps  none,  in  all 
the  wide  classification  is  more  remunerative  (as  per  capital  in- 
volved) less  laborious  or  more  picturesque,  than  a  goat-ranch. 


The  perpendicular  lands  are  available  for  the  beautiful  Per- 
sian or  Angora  goat.  Drouth  has  no  terrors  for  a  flock  which 
can  forage  on  bald  hillsides  and  inaccessible  ledges  worthless 
for  anything  else ;  which  can  subsist  and  multiply  on  scrub- 
oak,  poison-oak,  weeds,  stubble,  pine  needles  —  even  the  as- 
tringent eucalyptus. 

It  is  traditional  that  the  common  goat's  digestion  is  cast- 
iron  ;  and  as  much  is  true  of  the  Persian.  He  can  eat  pretty 
much  anything ;  and  I  never  saw,  nor  heard  of,  a  sick  goat. 

One  boy  can  herd  a  flock  of  500  the  year  round.  The 
lambing  season,  from  February  to  June,  calls  out  everyone  on 
the  ranch,  to  hold  the  mothers  while  the  kids  nurse ;  for 
(sheep-like)  goats  are  parents  either  unnatural  or  hopelessly 


U&AKfi:^^ 


0>r   A   CAI.IFORNIA   GOAT-RANCH. 


254  LAND    OF   SUNSHINE. 

Stupid.  Every  human  mother  knows  the  most  wonderful 
child  in  the  world  ;  but  a  goat  does  not.  All  kids  are  alike 
to  her.  In  a  flock  of  500,  not  five  per  cent,  will  own  their 
offspring  or  can  recognize  them. 

The  young  are  kept  in  a  corral,  into  which  the  mothers  are 
driven  at  night.  At  evening  and  morning  this  corral  witnesses 
a  performance  rivaling  any  circus.  The  ewes  are  "roped," 
thrown  and  held ;  and  the  kids  need  no  other  summons  to 
their  meal.  The  "table  seats  two,"  but  perhaps  seven  or 
eight  will  crowd  about,  seizing  any  coign  of  vantage  what- 
ever, nutritious  or  dry  wool ;  butting,  tugging,  and  generally 
conducting  themselves  with  so  scant  table  manners  that  it  is 
no  wonder  their  mothers  dread  the  ordeal. 

The  kids  are  beautiful  and  graceful  and  of  tireless  activity 


(like  youth  in  general).  They  are  never  at  rest.  They  climb, 
jump,  run,  devour  fences  and  ropes,  and  divert  themselves  with 
an  ingenuity  worthy  of  human  imitation.  They  can  utilize  a 
see-saw  as  well  as  the  boys  who  made  it.  A  barrel  left  in  their 
reach  is  welcome — they  can  balance  on  it  and  "walk  the  ball" 
with  the  dexterity  of  an  acrobat.  I  have  often  seen  one  in- 
side the  barrel,  apparently  enjoying  the  rolling  process. 

No  matter  how  many  times  a  day  you  visit  them,  they  are 
always  friendly-inquisitive,  sampling  your  raiment  with  sober 
faces. 

The  thoroughbreds  are  pure  white,  with  long,  fine  hair — a 
link  between  silk  and  wool.  They  are  shorn  twice  a  year,  the 
fleece  averaging  in  weight  with  that  of  a  merino  sheep  ;  but 


ABORIGINAL  ART  IN    OBSIDIAN. 


255 


with  no  little  the  advantage  of  it  in  value.  They  are  hardy, 
and  less  susceptible  to  diseases  and  parasites  than  sheep. 

The  success  of  goat  farming  lies  chiefly  in  feeding  the  kids 
up  to  the  second  month.     After  that,  they  shift  for  themselves. 

The  flesh  of  the  kids  is  a  delicacy  worthy  of  place  on  the 
most  epicurean  bill  of  fare ;  and  the  milk  of  the  ewes  is  par- 
ticularly rich  and  nutritious  ;  and  as  a  cosmetic  is  unsurpassed. 
All  in  all,  there  is  much  to  be  learned  and  much  to  be  enjoyed 
on  a  California  goat-ranch. 


Salinas,  Cal. 


Aboriginal  Art  in  Obsidian. 


BY   H.    C      MEREDITH. 


S  in  the  Indian  woman  of  certain  California  tribes 
the  art  impulse  found  expression  in- the  ornate 
basket  which  has  made  her  famous,  so  in  the  In- 
dian man  it  found  outlet  in  some  equally  extraor- 
dinary artifects  of  obsidian.  This  is  particularly 
true  of  the  aborigines  who  once  peopled  the  lower 
San  Joaquin  and  Sacramento  valleys.  Their  ideals 
found  more  perfect  expression  in  form,  line  and 
color,  in  textiles  and  in  stone,  than  did  those  of  the  Coast  Range  and 
Sierra  tribes.  They  were  less  given  to  the  warpath  and  the  hunting 
trail.  Tliey  had  more  leisure  and  more  comfort ;  and  the  art  instinct 
had  among  them  a  better  chance  of  development.  Theirs  were  the  un_ 
dying  streams,  the  abundance  of  fish  ;  the  countless  water- fowl  with  eggs 
and  young ;  the  swarms  of  crickets  ;  the  vast  bands  of  elk  and  deer  that 
our  American  pioneers  still  found  in  these  valleys  ;  the  acorns  on 
thousands  of  burdened  oaks.  What  the  mountain  Indian  gained  by 
the  long  journey,  the  swift  chase,  the  armed  raid,  indulgent  Nature 
dropped  in  the  lap  of  the  valley  Indian.  He  was  neither  invader  nor 
invaded.  Hunting  was  so  tame  that  it  took  little  of  his  vitality.  He 
had  time  and  content  to  think.  And  he  did  think — and  feel.  The 
women  wove  baskets  that  it  is  no  absurdity  to  call  poems — the  most  ex- 
quisite baskets  known  to  man.  The  men  chipped  stone  as  I  believe  it 
was  never  chipped  elsewhere  in  America. 

The  resultant  workmanship  in  these  lines  was  art,  even  by  the  white 
man's  canons.  His  artifects  not  only  ministered  to  his  utilities ;  they 
fulfilled  his  esthetic  tastes.  As  compared  with  other  ancient  village- 
sites  in  central  California,  those  of  this  locality  show  a  far  smaller  pro- 
portion of  broken  or  ilL-made  specimens,  chips 
and  the  single  finds  which  indicate  the  loss  of  an 
arrow,  in  hunting  or  otherwise. 

In  150  arrows  taken  from  a  local  site,  only  10 
were  ordinary  and  but  three  crude.  Among  100 
carved  obsidian  objects  from  the  same  site,  none 
were  crude,  though  a  few  were  doubtless  unfinished. 


Barr  Collection  ;  actual  size. 


C  M.  Davis  Eng.  Co. 

All  actual  size.    Arrowheads  from  writer's  collection.    Two  lower  "'curves"  from 
Barr  collection  ;  rest  from  writer's. 


ABORIGINAL   ART   IN    OBSIDIAN. 


257 


#..^: 


The  serrations  are  a  striking  feature  of  all  the  specimens  shown,  save 
one  which  is  not  of  obsidian. 
These  Indians  did  not  attempt 
serration,  so  far  as  I  know, 
except  in  obsidian.  Artistic 
arrows  of  jasper,  agate  and 
fossil  wood  are  found  along 
with  these  curious  "curves" 
but  never  serrated.  In  the 
series  of  six  arrows,  the  four 
smaller  are  from  near  Sacra- 
mento, the  two  larger  from 
near  Stockton.  The  "spears" 
are  of  a  series  of  eight  in  the 
writer's  collection  and  were 
found  all  together  20  miles 
west  of  Stockton.  The  other 
arrows  are  from  an  ancient 
burial  place  within  the  limits 
of  this  city. 

The  curved  artifects  are 
found  at  Stockton,  and  here 
only.*  Some  of  them  have 
not  only  the  simple  curve, 
shown  by  the  illustration,  but 
a  compound  or  lateral  curve. 
No.  16,  for  instance,  is  bent 
to  the  left  till  its  point  is  far  out 
of  line. 

A  more  exact  acquaintance  with  the 
miscalled  "  Digger  Indian  "  will  make 
him  a  more  interesting  creature  than 
he  has  been.  Instead  of  the  most  de- 
based of  Indian  culture-types,  he  may 
yet  appear  not  only  the  most  harmless  q  m,  Davis  Eng.  co. 
of  American  Indians,  but  among  the  writer's  collection 

most  artistic  and  the  most  amenable  to  civilization. 


two-thirds  natural  size. 


Stockton   Cdl. 


•Mr.  Meredith's  "curves"  have  made  considerable  trouble  among  unread  or  untraveled  collectors.  Asa 
simple  matter  of  fact,  they  are  merely  artifects  made  of  that  shape,  because  that  shape  is  the  natural  cleavage  of 
the  nodular  obsidian  accessible  to  those  Indians.  As  they  couldn't  depend  on  its  breaking  straight,  they  worked 
it  as  it  did  break,  and  made  their  knives  thus  sickle-shaped.  As  every  expert  knows,  this  shape  is  peculiarly 
effective  for  certain  kinds  of  cutting  ;  but  the  Indian  adopted  it  simply  because  his  material  forced  him  to. 
Like  most  discoveries,  it  was  purely  empiric  As  to  serration,  the  reason  the  Indian  serrated  obsidian  and  no 
other  stone  is  merely  that  obsidian  is  the  only  stone  that  can  be  serrated,  practically.  There  is  no  doubt  in  my 
mind  of  the  authenticity  of  any  of  the  specimens  shown  in  these  cuts.  "  Curves  "  have  also  been  found  in  inyo 
county,  Cal. — Ed. 


OPTRB 


25« 


LAND    OF   SUNSHINE. 


ffffff 


Barr  Collection  ;  actual  size 


c.  M.  Davis  Eng.  Co.        Collection  of  writer  and  J.  A.  Barr  ;  actual  size. 


259 

The  Myth  of    Queen     Xochitl. 


ry    OWEN    WALLACE. 


0]f  N  the  tenth  century  the  Toltecs,  according  to  ancient  Indian  chron- 
I  iclers,  were  powerful  and  flourishing.  During  the  "reign"  of  Tec- 
•^  pancaltzin  there  lived  in  Tollan  an  Indian  named  Papantzin,  who 
was  an  extensive  cultivator  of  the  Mexican  aloe,  or  ningt^ey. 

From  the  fiber  of  this  remarkable  plant  the  people  made  paper,  rope 
and  a  coarse  kind  of  cloth  ;  while  its  thorns  served  for  pins  and  needles, 
and  its  roots  when  cooked  formed  nutritious  food. 

Its  crowning  virtue  (or  evil)  was  yet  to  be  exploited  by  this  same  Pap- 
datzin,  who  discovered  that  its  milk-white  juice,  when  slightly  fer- 
mented, made  a  more  or  less  palatable  beverage. 

He  resolved  to  send  some  of  the  liquor  as  a  present  to  the  war-captain  ; 
and  that  his  beautiful  daughter  Xochitl  should  be  the  bearer  of  the  gift. 

Accordingly  Xochitl,  who  was  reputed  to  be  the  most  lovely  of  Indian 
maidens,  donned  her  finest  attire,  decked  herself  with  flowers,  and,  at- 
tended by  her  father  and  her  women,  appeared  before  Tecpancaltzin, 
bearing  in  her  hands  a  bowl  of  miel  de  maguey  (honey  of  ?naguey). 

The  war-chief,  who  was  young  and  ardent,  was  equally  delighted  with 
cup  and  cup-bearer. 

He  privately  ordered  his  people  to  seize  the  maiden  and  convey  her  to 
his  castle  on  the  hill  of  Palpan. 

He  afterwards  made  her  his  wife,  and  on  her  presenting  him  with  a 
son,  called  the  child  Mecaiietzin.  which  signifies  "sou  of  ?naguey.'" 

At  the  birth  of  the  child  certain  signs  and  wonders  were  observed,  and 
the  sage  Hueman  was  consulted  as  to  their  meaning. 

He  declared,  after  much  deliberation,  that  the  boy  would  become  war- 
chief  but  that  during  his  reign  would  occur  the  destruction  of  Tollan. 

In  spite  of  this  evil  augury  Tecpancaltzin  abdicated  in  the  fifty-second 
year  of  his  "reign"  in  favor  of  his  son,  in  accordance  with  the  law  of 
the  Toltecs. 

Mecanetzin  was  then  forty  years  of  age,  and  extremely  noble  and  vir- 
tuous. 

For  nearly  forty  years  he  governed  wisely  and  well,  but  at  their  expi- 
ration the  evils  prophecied  by  the  seer  began  to  manifest  themselves. 

The  war-captain  in  his  old  age  betame  extremely  profligate,  and  his 
vassals  followed  his  example. 

Mecanetzin  had  his  first  premonition  of  disaster  when,  on  going  one 
morning  to  his  garden,  he  encountered  there  a  rabbit  with  horns  like  a 
deer,  and  a  humming-bird  with  enormous  spurs. 

Having  learned  that  these  were  certain  signs  of  impending  doom  he  at 
once  inaugurated  a  series  of  grand  fiestas  and  sacrifices  to  placate  the 
angry  gods,  but  in  vain. 

The  calamities  commenced  the  following  year  with  fierce  hurricanes 
which  lasted  100  days  at  a  time,  destroying  the  harvests  and  laying  the 
towns  in  ruins. 

Next  year  there  was  not  a  drop  of  rain,  and  the  terrible  heat  dried  up 
trees,  plants  and  every  sign  of  verdure. 


O 

h-l 

iz; 

w 

a 

a 

X 


THE   MYTH    OF    "QUEEN"    XOCHITL.  261 

In  the  third  year  came  heavy  frosts  which  destroyed  as  surely  as  did 
the  winds  ;  and  the  fourth  brought  such  intense  heat,  alternating  with 
snow  and  hail,  that  the  few  remaining  magueys  and  trees  perished. 

When  the  plants  commenced  to  grow  again,  great  flocks  of  birds,  lo- 
custs and  other  pests  devoured  them,  and  to  add  to  the  general  misfor- 
tune the  weevils  ate  all  the  grain  in  the  store-houses. 

The  barbarian  allies  of  the  Toltecs,  seeing  the  plight  of  their  once 
powerful  neighbors,  now  began  a  war  against  them,  which  lasted  twenty 
years. 

Then  came  the  pest.  An  Indian  wandering  in  the  mountains  found 
the  body  of  a  beautiful  infant,  pure  white,  with  golden  hair. 

He  carried  it  at  once  to  the  war-captain  ;  but  Mecanetzin,  fearing  that 
it  was  another  omen  of  evil,  ordered  him  to  return  it  to  the  place  where 
it  was  found.  The  body  putrified  and  bred  a  pestilence,  which  spread 
like  wildfire  among  the  people,  900  in  every  1000  dying  of  it. 

The  "king"  made  a  law,  that  in  future  every  white  child  should  be 
killed  at  the  completion  of  its  fifth  year. 

In  the  meantime  the  enemy  had  advanced  on  many  of  the  principal 
towns. 

Mecanetzin,  to  propitiate  them,  sent  two  of  his  chief  men  to  their 
camp,  bearing  gifts  of  gold,  rich  cloths  and  ornaments. 

The  barbarians  were  implacable,  and  advanced  rapidly  upon  his  army. 
A  bloody  battle  ensued  and  a  portion  of  his  troops  was  vanquished. 

Mecanetzin  fought  personally,  as  did  his  aged  father  and  many  women, 
including  Xochitl. 

Mecanetzin  retreated  with  his  forces  towards  Tollan,  but  was  repeatedly 
overtaken  by  the  enemy.  His  old  father  was  killed,  and  his  mother, 
Xochitl,  fell  bravely  defending  herself  to  the  last.  Mecanetzin  escaped, 
and  concealed  himself  in  a  cave. 

lie  later  placed  himself  again  at  the  head  of  his  remaining  warriors 
and  met  the  barbarians  in  a  fierce  battle  in  which  he  was  killed  and  his 
army  totally  destroyed. 

Thus  ended  the  great  Toltec  nation,  whose  ruin,  according  to  the  Tex- 
cocan  "historian"  Ixtlilxochitl,  may  be  directly  attributed  to  the  beauti- 
ful but  unfortunate  Xochitl,  and  the  introduction  of  pulque.  The  Indians 
of  Mexico  still  cling  to  this  seductive  drink. 

The  famous  painting  by  Jose  Obregon,  from  which  the  accompanying 
illustration  is  taken,  shows  the  maid  Xochitl,  accompanied  by  her  father 
and  attendants,  in  the  presence  of  the   '*  king  "  Tecpancaltzin. 

The  last  of  her  women  carries  the  plant  itself,  from  which  was  ex- 
tracted the  fatal  beverage  destined,  so  runs  the  fable,  to  debauch  a  king 
and  his  people. 

City  of  Mexico. 


It  is.  of  cours",  understood  that  the  "Toltec  Nation"  is  an  invention  of  Ixtlilxochitl  and  Fr.  Duran  ;  and  that 
the  story  of  Xochitl  is  an  Indian  ayth  of  Mexico.    It  is  not  history.— Ed. 


r^Pfe 


m 


^63 


My  Brother's  Keeper 


BY    CHAS.    F.    LUMMIS. 
III. 

jHATEVER  may  be  our  religious,  political  or  social  affiliations; 
however  much  or  however  little  we  may  have  studied  of  ethnol- 
ogy ;  whether  we  know  Greek,  Latin,  Hebrew,  Sanscrit,  Tigua, 
Aymard  and  a  few  more,  or  only  English  and  not  much  of  that ;  whether 
we  have  read  one  or  all  of  the  several  thousand  necessary  books  on  the 
subject  ;  whether  we  have  lived  near  enough  to  Indians  to  care  for  them 
or  far  enough  to  despise  them — every  manly  man  and  womanly  woman 
(common  sense  and  ordinary  schooling  being  taken  for  granted,  in  this 
country)  can  agree  to  certain  basic  truths,  which  are  as  scientific  as  they 
are  decent : 

1 .  A  mother  is  a  good  thing. 

2.  A  mother  without  a  child  is  void. 

3.  Likewise,  a  child  without  a  mother. 

4.  Item,  fathers  who  have  no  sons  and  sons  who  have  no  fathers. 

5.  Education  is  meant  to  be  an  enabling  for  the  life  of  the  person 


C.  M.  Davi-j  Eng.  Co.  Copyright  by  C.  F.  Lumitiis 

MDTTON   FOR   SALARIED    "PHILANTHROPISTS." 


BeKua.in  August  number 


264 


LAND    OF  SUNSHINE. 


0.  H  Davis  Eng 


educated ;  not  for  the  person  who  does  not  get  it ;   nor  is  it  designed 
simply  as  the  easiest  way  for  the  teacher  to  make  a  living. 

6.  Learning  to  read  does  not  balance  the  loss  of  parents. 

7.  Having  smart  children  does  not  compensate  for  their  death  or  dis- 
appearance. A  live  child  who  cannot  read  is  worth  more  than  two  dead 
ones  who  could. 

8.  The  everlasting  absence  of  a  child  is  equivalent  to  its  death. 

9.  An  estranged  child  is  not  as  comfortable  as  a  trusting  one. 

10.  No  country  is  bettered  by  having  citizens  who  have  forgotten 
their  fathers  and  mothers. 

11.  A  good  son  or  daughter  is  as  valuable  to  the  nation  as  a  good 
farm-hand  or  scullery  maid. 

12.  A  republic  is  not  benefited  by  the  creation  of  a  class  of  consti- 
tutional peons, 

1 3.  American  labor,  which  had  fathers  and  mothers,  will  not  welcome 
any  competition  from  a  class  which,  by  government  fiat,  had  none. 

14.  People  truly  strong  and  brave  are  always  tender  to  the  weaker. 
Bullying,  no  matter  in  what  name  of  "humanity,"  is  left  to  cowards, 
who  are  strong  only  when  they  have  the  advantage. 

15.  The  American  Indian  occupied  this  land  before  we  did. 

16.  He  numbers  a  quarter  of  a  million;  we  are  about  seventy-five 
millions. 

17.  No  matter  how  poor  his  title  to  the  land  on  which  he  was  the  first 

human  being ;  no  matter  how  scant 
of  land  offices  and  deeds  and  sur- 
veyors he  was — the  fact  that  he  was 
before  us,  and  is  one  to  our  300,  is 
enough  to  make  honorable  people  as 
considerate  of  him  as  they  decently 
can  be. 

18.     He  has  a  little  land  still — what 
we  thought  a  few  years  ago  so  worth- 
less that  no  one  else  would  ever  take 
it  as  a  gift — but  we  have  all  the  land 
that  is  good  for  any 
thing. 

19.  Thanks  to  the 
whisky,  the  vices 
and  the  diseases  he 
never  heard  oflF  till 
he  met  us,  he  is 
slowly  but  surely 
disappearing.  A 
modest  forbearance 
should  lead  us  at 
least  to  **  let  Nature 
take  her  course, "and 
not  kill  him  off  before 
his  appointed  time. 


MISSION    INDIANA    OF    CAI,lFORNIA. 


C.  M.  Davis  Eng.  Co. 


ARE   THESE   SAVAGES,? 


Photo,  by  Wftite. 


266 


LAND    OF  SUNSHINE. 


20.  If  we  wish  to  kill  the  Indian  ofif  we  should  go  at  it  like  men  and 
risk  our  lives  ;  not  like  cowards  sneaking  behind  the  skirts  of  "philan- 
thropy." 

^  21.  If  we  must  "  educate"  the  Indian  we  should  not  educate  him  to 
death.  We  should  adapt  our  curriculum  to  his  capacities,  and  our  de- 
mands to  his  humanity.  We  can  gain  nothing  ourselves,  and  certainly 
give  him  nothing,  by  trampling  upon  his  love  for  his  mother  and  his 
child. 

22.  If  we  are  going  to  educate  the  Indian — or  anyone  else — we  should 
give  him  an  educated  teacher.  He  cannot  learn  to  read  from  a  teacher 
who  cannot  read  ;  he  cannot  become  a  good  American  by  an  instructor 
who  thinks  God  was  invented 

in  '   1899  ;     that  ^^^^^^^t_  motherhood 

an    accident  .^^^^^^^H^^^^  ^^^     family 

No  M^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 

was     ever     yet  hHI^^^^^^^^^^^K 

world    by    any-  H^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H  who 

know  W^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 

about  and  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^       didn't     care 

to^learn .  •  .^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^« 

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H|  has      come 

whenAmericans                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^Hy  demand  that 

man      shall                 f^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^B^  know  some- 


thing,  and  the 
ized  world    de- 


whole    civil- 
m  a  n  d  s     it. 


C.  M.  Davis  Eng  Co. 


A   FAtHER    WHO    CARES.  Copyright  by  C.  F.  Lun. mis. 


MY   BROTHER'S   KEEPER. 


267 


We  dislike  to  have  a  congenital  fool  do  our  sanitary  plumbing.  Are  the 
human  souls  of  250,000  prior  Americans,  upon  whose  lands  we  disport 
ourselves,  less  important  than  our  sewer-gas  pipes? 

25.  The  American  people  has  troubles  of  its  own.  It  does  not  care 
much  for  Indians,  except  in  a  tiny  majority  of  it.  But  it  cares  for 
justice,  fair  play,  honor,  mercy.  It  cannot  afiford — and  it  would  not 
knowingly  afford,  even  if  it  could — a  cowardly  oppression  or  injustice. 

26.  The  Ameri- 
can public  does  not 
yet  believe  that 
any  class  of  peo- 
ple within  its  bor- 
ders has  to  be  kid- 
napped from  fath- 
er, mother,  broth- 
ers and  sisters.  It 
does  not  yet  be- 
lieve that  any  man 
is  a  better  Ameri- 
can for  having  no 


C.  M  Davis  Eng.  Co. 


A  MAN   FOR   a'   THAT. 


Copyright  by  C.  F.  Lummis. 


home.  It  does  not  yet  believe  that  the  facility  to  spell  **  c-a-t  "  is  worth 
more  than  filial  devotion.  It  has  not  yet  discovered  that  a  salary,  little 
or  big,  entitles  any  man  to  break  up  an  American  home. 

27.  These  things  it  feels  most  vividly  for  itself ;  but  it  also  feels 
them  for  other  people — the  best  test  of  the  depth  of  its  own  conviction. 
I  would  very  much  like  to  see  any  person  now  making  a  living  by  the 


268  LAND    OF  SUNSHINE. 

Indian  Service  deny  any  of  these  heads  as  an  abstract  proposition.  If 
true  in  the  abstract,  it  is  true  in  the  concrete.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  all 
these  things  are  true  ;  and  every  one  of  these  truths  our  Indian  Service 
is  today  violating  in  practice.  It  is  depriving  parents  of  their  children 
and  children  of  their  parents  on  the  notion  that  th?  ability  to  stumble 
through  a  first  reader  outweighs  the  ties  of  family.  That  is  the  socio- 
logic  fool  of  it.  The  ethnologic  fool  is  in  presuming  that  Indians  have 
no  family.  They  think  that  while  God  may  have  been  so  vulgar  as  to 
invent  sex,  it  was  reserved  for  our  smartness  to  invent  motherhood  and 
fatherhood,  the  glory  and  the  consummation  of  sex.  This  is,  perhaps, 
a  rough  way  of  saying  it ;  but  it  is  cold  truth. 

But  possibly  those  who  are  ex  officio  wiser  than  all  human  history 
(for  history  never  got  a  salary)  should  not  be  blamed  for  being  also 
smarter  than  their  creator.  A  man  who  knows  nothing  of  history — 
and  "  history  "  does  not  mean  six-bit  school-books,  but  some  sober  re- 
view of  what  man  has  done  (and  learned  by  the  doing)  between  the 
time  he  was  a  shivering  savage  and  the  now  of  his  wonderful  wisdom — 
may  fairly  be  expected  also  to  suppose  that  the  law  of  gravitation  (or 
of  maternity,  which  is  as  primal)  was  invented  in  1898  and  by  an 
American. 

But  the  quality  of  mercy  is  not  strained  to  the  mesh  of  a  Ph.  D.  We 
can  be  human  without  being  savants.  The  love  of  parents  and  of 
children;  of  something  like  justice,  of  something  from  which  philan- 
thropy flowered,  is  in  every  human  heart.  And  all  of  us  can  love  and 
do  love  fair  play.  If  the  salaried  theorists — unread  and  untouched 
by  Indians — who  live  on  the  Indian,  will  simply  give  their  involun- 
tary feeders  fair  play,  I  for  one  will  forgive  them  for  lack  of  scholar- 
ship. And  for  an  American,  this  is  very  forgiving  ;  since  our  scholars, 
whose  judgment  of  Indians  is  now  and  will  be  through  the  genera- 
tions accepted  by  the  serious  world  as  authoritative,  are  in  luck  to  get 
as  much  for  a  year's  hard  study— or  rather  for  their  maintenance 
through  a  year's  hard  study — as  the  lucky  political  persons  get  a  month 
for  taking  Indian  children  away  from  home  and  teaching  them  useless 
lumber. 


CM.  Davis  Eng.  Co. 


THE   CAWFORNIA   OF    I757. 
From  an  old  Jesuit  map.     (See  p.  227.) 


270 

A  Little  Curio. 

BY  JULIA    B.    FOSTER. 

►OME  years  ago,  a  pair  of  tourists  in  California  chose  another  than 
the  beaten  track  in  the  northern  part  of  the  State.  They  had 
traveled  delightedly  on  mule  back  along  the  dashing  current  of 
the  Salmon,  and  up  the  winding  Klamath,  beholding  such  marvels  of 
mountain  scenery  and  breathing  such  intoxicating  atmosphere  as  made 
their  past  lives  seem  tame  as  unfermented  wine. 

"Did  you  ever  visit  one  of  these  Indian  rancherees  ?"  their  guide 
asked  one  day. 

"  No,"  answered  the  lady,  eagerly,  **  no,  no,  no  !" 

An  hour  later  they  rode  into  an  oddly  silent  cluster  of  huts,  barking 
dogs  suddenly  rendering  the  place  vocal,  and  a  strange,  wild  odor  of 
earth  and  pines,  and  the  birth-scent  of  a  nomad  race  pervading  it. 

The  huts,  or  cabins,  were  set  in  an  open  space,  yet  near  to  the  shade 
of  pines,  and  were  built  of  slabs,  or  puncheons,  split  from  trees,  one 
round  hole  cut  near  the  bottom,  sufficiently  large  for  ingress  and  egress. 
From  one  of  these  huts  the  guide  stirred  an  old  crone,  clad  in  a  garment 
cast  off  from  civilization  ;  her  eyes  rheumy  with  age  and  the  smoke  of 
green  wood  ;  her  face  seamed  with  wrinkles  ;  her  skin  like  leather. 

After  a  word  or  two  with  her,  he  turned  again  disgustedly  :  *'  Blamed  ef 
it  ain't  ration  day,  'n  they're  all  oflf  thet  c'n  walk.  Let's  go  to  the  reser- 
vation house  ourselves." 

The  clatter  of  hoofs  at  this  place  scarce  disturbed  the  sleepy  Indians, 
but  a  little  girl  of  about  ten  years  of  age  turned  from  a  knot-hole,  and, 
holding  up  her  hands,  began  telling  off  her  fingers  to  those  in  the  back- 
ground. 

**  Isa,  one  ;  akh-uk,  two  ;"  counted  the  guide:  "kwi-rok  ;  pisi ;  ter- 
a-oap  ;  kri-vik  ;  hok-i-ra-vik-y;  nine  ;  ten, — she's  sayin'  they're  cuttin' 
up  ten  sheep  inside  there." 

There  was  not  a  gesture  made,  nor  a  sign  given,  to  denote  the  pres- 
ence of  strangers,  till  this  same  little  creature,  making  a  swirling  motion 
with  her  arm,  called  out:  "  Wo-hah  !" 

At  once  a  gleam  lit  up  the  faces  of  the  company  ;  there  was  a  glimmer 
of  white  teeth  here  and  there  ;  more  than  a  half-dozen  score  of  black  eyes 
danced  for  one  brief  instant  ;  then  the  luminous  flash  died  out  as  light- 
ning dies. 

The  guide  smiled  as  he  said,  '•  They're  laughin'  at  ye.  Thet's  a  smart 
little  'un,  too  ;  she's  caught  on  young.  She  give  the  nick-name  fer  the 
whites,  *n*  was  makin'  big  fun.  She  was  imitating  a  whip-lash,  'n' 
sayin'  'whoa',  'n'  'haw',  'n'  how  ridikulous  the  whites  is,  anyhow. 
She's  cute,  you  bet." 

Then  came  the  parceling  out  of  the  ration.  One  old  makala^  took  off 
her  dirty  skirt  and  tied  up  her  quota  of  flour  in  it ;  the  bucks  slung  legs 


•The  common  name  for  Indian  woman  in  California  among  such  as  know  Indians.  I  believe  the  credit  of 
identifying  its  etymology— inevitable  when  once  thought  of  (a  corruption  of  the  Spanish  mujer)— belongs  to  Eve 
Lummis.— Ed. 


A    LITTLE   CURIO.  271 

of  mutton  and  smeary  chunks  of  beef  over  their  shoulders,  and  the  old 
and  infirm  were  laden  with  the  heaviest  packs  of  the  company. 

"  I  would  like  an  Indian  child  for  a  curio,"  suddenly  announced  the 
blonde-haired,  blue-eyed  lady,  a  dash  of  red  in  her  cheeks  and  lips, 
♦'that  little  girl." 

Shades  of  the  Yurok,  the  Karok,  the  Modok,  what  curios  these  tour- 
ists had  already — beads,  elk-horn  utensils,  bone  brushes  and  combs, 
shells,  obsidian,  red- wood  pecker  scalps,  a  pair  of  tiny  chipmunks,  baskets 
of  all  sizes,  shapes  and  patterns — and  then  baskets  and  more  baskets  ! 
How  could  they  ever  be  got  home  ?    And  now,  a  human  curio  ! 

In  five  minutes  more  the  bargaining  was  going  on.  How  much  al-li- 
co-chik  would  the  white  woman  give  ?  No,  the  thing  couldn't  be  done 
anyhow  ;  their  tribe  would  scorn  to  sell  children  ;  this  one  very  smart, 
too.  Many  head  shakings  succeeded,  with  an  occasional  cluck  from  one 
of  the  women. 

"  Where's  Captain  George  ?"  demanded  the  guide. 

A  tall,  middle-aged  brave,  with  a  coat  buttoned  across  a  shirtless 
chest,  and  an  ugly  scar  reaching  across  one  cheek  from  ear  to  mouth, 
was  summoned  from  the  spot  where  he  was  busy  loading  his  family 
rations  on  his  father's  back,  and  directly  engaged  in  a  conversation  so 
mixed  in  pedigree  that  no  parent  language  could  be  distinguished. 

*'B'iled  down,  its  just  a  question  of  how  much?"  said  the  guide, 
finally.  "As  it  happens,  this  child  don't  belong  to  the  tribe.  When 
she  was  a  pappoose,  her  mother  was  captured,  cradle  'n'  all,  from  the 
Upper  Klamath  people,  and  was  one  of  their  shamans,  or  holy  prophet- 
esses. So  these  folks  was  afraid  to  kill  either  her  or  the  young  'un ; 
bime  by,  the  woman  died." 

"How  much?"  reiterated  the  little  lady  in  the  saddle,  anxious  for 
fear  she  couldn't  get  the  child,  and  then,  again,  anxious  for  fear  she 
could. 

Evidently,  Captain  George  understood  the  situation,  for  he  stripped 
his  coat  sleeve  up,  and  on  his  bared  arm,  began  measuring  off  a  string  of 
dentalium  shells — "  al-li-co-chick,"  or  Indian  money — by  the  tattoo 
marks  which  extended  under  the  skin,  clear  to  the  elbow.  He  was 
plainly  but  gaining  time,  and  calculating  what  price  the  lady  could  be 
induced  to  give,  while  pretending  to  reckon  up  the  child's  value. 

"  Twenty  dollars  !  "  he  hazarded,  finally,  and  when  the  bargain  was 
closed,  without  any  haggling,  the  Captain  turned  away  with  a  vexed 
look  lurking  a^out  his  scar,  at  not  holding  out  for  more. 

*•*  *  *  *  *  *  *  * 

{Extract  from  Laura' s Journal :)  August  1,  1870.  My  "  curio"  has 
attracted  no  little  attention.  Before  I  reached  home  with  her,  I  con- 
cluded I  might  as  well  have  secured  a  lizard,  or  a  pet  snake,  or  a  bear's 
cub,  the  way  people  looked  at  her. 

Arriving  at  Eureka,  I  had  her  well  scrubbed,  especially  her  head,  and 
hastily  ran  up  some  red  calico  with  my  needle,  in  which  dress  T  thought 
her  short,  squat  figure  very  picturesque.  Her  pudding-bag  face,  indented 
with  its  two,  little,  black,  berry  eyes,  and  ornamented  with  three  tat- 


272  LAND    OF  SUNSHINE. 

tooed  fern  leaves  on  the  chin,  I  thought  very  striking  as  it  looked  out 
from  above  that  bright  calico  slip.  But  the  other  passengers  on  the 
steamer  kept  their  distance  ;  and  one  coarse,  frowzy  woman,  with  dirt 
in  her  finger  nails,  said  :     **  You  couldn't  get  an  Injun  clean  !  *' 

The  Stewart  objected  when  I  wanted  her  in  my  state-room,  and  then 
as  the  steamer  began  to  roll  on  the  bar,  she  turned  a  sickly  yellow,  and 
I  realized  that  a  little  Indian  girl's  stomach  was  formed  on  the  same 
plan  as  my  own,  after  all,  and  consented  that  she  should  be  taken 
below. 

Sept.  5.  Well,  here  we  are,  in  a  furnished  house  in  San  Francisco, 
having  had,  I  am  persuaded,  the  most  glorious  honeymoon  among  the 
wild  doves  of  the  mountains  that  could  have  been  planned.  Besides, 
my  health,  about  which  they  were  all  so  foolishly  worried,  is  quite  re- 
covered, and  I  hope  to  stay  here  indefinitely. 

I  have  decorated  my  hall,  dining-room,  and  parlor  with  my  own  bric- 
a-brac,  including  beads,  baskets,  and  child.  I  am  astonished  to  find 
that  the  latter  has  been  homesick  within  her  silent  and  swarthy  breast ; 
yet,  what  wonder?  It  occurs  tome,  with  some  pricks  of  conscience, 
that  I  may  have  been  rash  or  thoughtless,  in  thus  transplanting  her.  I 
don't  know  what  could  have  suggested  to  me  the  word,  *'  cruel,**  in  this 
connection  ;  but  I  indignantly  repel  the  idea. 

Dec.  8.  Captain  George  said  her  name  was  Mary  ;  but,  sometimes, 
she  chatters  like  the  chipmunks,  and  then,  if  I  choose  to  question  her, 
her  broken  speech  trickles  on  like]  one  of  her  own  little  mountain 
streams,  on  a  summer  day. 

Today  she  has  been  in  the  mood,  and  she  gave  me  her  Indian  name — 
Mil-ch6i-mil — meaning  *'Italk;"  bestowed  upon  her  because  of  her 
ready  tongue.  But  her  command  of  language  is  limited  ;  she  cannot 
converse  on  "high"  subjects — how  could  I  expect  it  of  such  a  little 
lizard  ?    Sometimes  she  makes  me  "creep,"  just  to  look  at  her. 

Feb.  11,  1871.  Today  I  bought  a  dear  [little  English  pug,  so 
homely  that  he's  pretty  ;  also,  a  harness  with  bells.  Mary's  nose  matched 
his  own,  as  she  looked  at  his  curly  tail,  his  crushed  strawberry  ribbon, 
and  his  dainty  blanket  and  basket.  "Very  good  eat,"  she  said,  to  my 
consternation,  poking  his  fat  sides  with  the  finger  of  judgment. 

March  26.     A  lovely  day,  that  suggests  wet  violets. 

Hearing  loud  voices  on  the  sidewalk,  this  morning,  I  went  to  the  win- 
dow, and,  on  the  gate-post  sat  Mary,  listless  and  blinking,  surrounded 
by  a  dozen  curious,  teasing  gamins. 

"  Oh,  what  it  is  !  "  exclaimed  one,  derisively. 

*'  Shure,  its  a  naygur  !  "  suggested  another. 

"  Naygur  !  naygur  !  "  shouted  the  crowd,  catching  at  the  familar  and 
democratic  epithet.  And  then  the  spirit  of  persecution. abroad  in  the 
world  condensed  upon  the  lawless  little  horde  :  **  Twist  her  fingers  i 
pinch  her  !  tear  her  dress  !  pull  her  hair  !  "  they  shouted. 

For  one  moment  she  bore  their  indignities,  then  with  a  jump  she 
landed  in  their  midst,  suddenly  alive  ;  her  hands  eager  talons  ;  her  eyes^ 
shooting  fires  ;  and  such  a  torrent  of  Indian  invective  pouring'from  her 


A   LITTLE   CURIO.  273 

mouth,  as  reminded  me  of  one  of  those  rushing,  northern  cataracts. 
The  effect  of  that  wild-cat  leap  I  need  not  describe ;  but  I  heard  the 
dishevelled  "  wash  ladies  "  in  the  alley  talking,  an  hour  later,  over  their 
fences,  about  the  '*  little  divil  "  in  front.  Evidently,  their  children 
had  embellished  the  narrative  as  they  carried  it  home. 

April  10.  I  have  been  teaching  little  Mil-ch6i-mil  to  sweep,  and  she 
asked  me  if  the  broom  was  a  "  woman-stick."  Partly  by  words,  partly 
by  the  clever  way  in  which  she  seemed  to  take  the  broom  unto  herself, 
but  more  by  the  gleam  of  her  face,  I  understood  the  * 'woman-stick"  to  be 
a  badge  of  sex.  She  took  me  out  in  the  back  yard  to  illustrate  its  use, 
and,  with  the  end  of  the  handle,  began  turning  over  the  ground  for  a 
little  space.  I  was  astonished  to  see  the  quantity  of  angle-worms  that 
came  squirming  to  the  surface  ;  and  these  disgusting,  wriggling  things 
she  caught  deftly  between  thumb  and  finger,  finally  extending  a  particu- 
larly rich  and  corpulent  one  toward  me,  with  the  grave  remark :  *'  Make 
soup;  very  good."  Oh,  has  her  diet  really  been  pug  dogs  and  angle- 
worms, or  is  she  playing  upon  my  credulity  ? 

June  8.  We  have  been  having  the  third  of  three  warm  days  that  some- 
times attack  cool  San  Francisco. 

I  found  Mary,  about  noon,  going  round  the  house  almost  entirely 
without  clothing.  I  endeavored  to  explain  something  of  the  term  mod- 
esty, but  she  looked  at  me  with  a  perfectly  blank  countenance.  She 
said  that  the  new  corsets  I  bought  her  yesterday  got  hot,  and  burnt  her, 
as  if  that  were  quite  enough  to  account  for  her  action. 

July  4th.  This  morning,  early,  I  wakened  at  a  peculiar  sound.  Fire 
crackers  and  bombs  were  splitting  the  air  outside,  but  ikis  was  no  Fourth 
of  July  celebration  ;  it  was  evasive,  ghost-like  and  intensely  mournful. 
I  threw  on  a  shawl,  and,  bare-footed,  ran  down  the  hall.  Was  it  ?  Yes, 
it  certainly  came  from  Mary's  room.  Pushing  her  door  gently  I  saw  her 
squatting  on  the  floor,  with  bent  shoulders  ;  and,  then,  again,  issued 
from  her  lips  that  strange,  low  cry,  such  as  a  wounded  animal  might 
have  given.  And,  yet,  again,  great  heavens !  it  might  have  been  the 
death  note  of  a  stricken  hare  or  deer. 

I  craned  my  neck  forward,  and  over  those  bent  shoulders  I  saw  that  in 
her  hand  she  held  the  stiffened  form  of  one  of  the  chipmunks.  Its 
mate,  in  fright  and  excitement,  was  frantically  turning  the  little  wheel 
in  the  cage ;  but  evidently  Bunny  was  dead.  Mary  seemed  that  moment 
herself  but  little  higher  in  the  scale  of  creatures  than  the  chipmunks, 
and,  my  foot-fall  lost  in  the  pile  of  the  carpet,  I  stole  away. 

Before  night.  Tricksy,  most  diminutive  and  sprightly  of  encaged 
spirits,  had  joined  her  fellow,  Bunny,  and  would  never  tread  her  wheel 
again.  They  say  you  cannot  keep  these  wild  things  long ;  that  they  in- 
variably die  when  taken  from  their  free  life  and  mountain  air.  These 
two  have  been  so  cunning,  and  so  bright-eyed,  that  I  felt  a  tear  drop  over 
my  cheek  as  I  saw  them  stretched  out,  and  all  that  pretty  agile  life  gone 
from  them. 

Mary  looked  at  them,  and  at  my  tears,  with  stolid  face  ;  but,  as  I  went 
to  bed,  again  I  heard  that  mournful,  evasive  cry  stealing  out  like  a  soft- 


274  LAND    OF  SUNSHINE. 

footed  ghost  about  the  house.  It  seemed  to  say  :  "  Hwen-ne-ni-ny,  hwen- 
ne-noo-o  o,  hwen-he-nu-u-u !"  with  an  indescribable  wail  running  all 
through  the  vowels  on  which  her  voice  dwelt. 

Almost  overcome  with  nervous  t motion,  I  shuddered  and  sobbed  as  I 
drew  the  bed-clothes  over  my  head,  and  I  shall  always  remember  this 
July  Fourth,  as  the  day  the  chipmunks  died. 

Sept.  1 9.  Mary  is  growing  fond  of  me  ;  and  I  had  thought  she  never 
would  !  I  wonder  if  she  has  a  soul,  too — why,  yes,  of  course  !  But  she 
has  never  seemed  human,  as  I,  for  instance,  am,  or  mother,  or  the  girls, 
in  Boston.  I  am  so  used  to  being  loved,  that  I  miss  it  inexpressibly 
when  I  meet  with  one  who  seems  to  have  no  response  in  her  soul. 

There  it  is  again — I  said  soul ! 

Nov.  )  2.  The  fall  of  the  leaf  among  the  mountains !  I  can  fancy  the 
leaves  yellowing  and  dropping  with  that  gentle,  little,  scraping  sound, 
that  seems  almost  like  the  rustle  of  a  spirit  in  the  woods.  All  the  shrub- 
bery must  be  quite  denuded  now,  but  the  pines  still  stand,  dark  and 
green,  clad  the  winter  through, 

I  am  trying  to  teach  Mary  to  read,  but  she  doesn't  enjoy  it ;  still  she 
spends  incredible  patience  on  crochet.  I  believe  she  can  learn  to  sing 
simple  melodies,  and  she  will  do  what  she  can  to  please  me.  In  spite  of 
her  remark  about  roasting  Pug,  he  is  *'hers  devotedly,"  although  she 
seldom  speaks  to  him.  Sometimes  I  am  conscious  of  that  very  attraction, 
when  she  sits  by  me  with  her  crochet,  communing  silently  with  herself 
and  me. 

I  hope  she  may  remember  some  of  the  Indian  songs — lullabies,  and 
war  chants  and  harvest  dances,  like  the  Manzanita  and  the  Clover.  I 
will  give  a  unique  evening  then  to  the  friends  who  have  entertained  me 
so  charmingly  during  our  stay  here.  She  talks  very  well  now,  and 
knows  what  I  want  of  her.  Today,  to  prove  that  she  understood,  she 
fell  into  a  monotonous  rocking  movement  with  her  feet,  accompanying 
herself  with  a  growling  note  or  two,  which  she  kept  up  for  several 
minutes  without  pause.  It  was  the  oddest  "song  and  dance"  I  ever 
saw. 

I  have  learned  much  from  her,  too.  vSif-san-di  pek-i-d-vish  is  a  cer- 
tain singing,  dancing,  gaming,  fasting  ceremonial,  by  which  the  great 
spirits  of  earth  and  forest  are  conciliated.  This  averts  such  disasters  as 
fires  in  the  woods ;  scarcity  of  rain ;  land-slides  in  the  winter  after 
heavy  rains ;  perhaps  earthquakes.  Then  there  is  the  U-ma-laik,  or 
Salmon  dance;  the  Woodpecker  dance  ;  dance  of  the  White  Deer; 
Boat  dance,  and  so  on. 

I  mean  to  get  a  tonic  for  Mary  ;  she  doesn't  seem  quite  well.  In  fact, 
I  am  far  from  well,  myself.  It's  natural,  I  suppose ;  in  the  fall  of  the 
year,  when  the  leaves  drop,  nature  must  be  at  her  lowest  ebb. 

Jan.  5,  1872.  I  am  amused  at  Mary  in  my  dressing-room,  she  is  so  in- 
terested in  my  bright  fineries — my  curling-tongs,  my  little  gold  hair- 
pins, my  powder-box  ;  and  oh,  how  she  loves  perfume  and  scented  soap  ! 
She  never  wearies  of  my  Saratoga  trunk;  *'hegh!  heghl"  she  says, 
lifting  all  its  lids,  and  plunging  her  hands  into  its  empty  compartments. 


A    LITTLE   CURIO.  275 

She  thought  the  hat -box  must  be  meant  to  carry  Pug  in.  She  thinks 
my  silk  skirts  sound  like  the  leaves  that  I  said  fell  in  the  autumn. 

But  Mary  isn't  well,  and  the  doctor's  tonic  doesn't  seem  to  help  her. 
Perhaps  she  needs  a  priestess-doctor,  such  as  her  mother  was ;  perhaps 
the  Indian  medicines  of  roots  and  herbs,  gathered  in  the  full  or  the  dark 
moon,  or  with  some  other  witch-like  proviso,  alone,  will  send  the  ichor 
along  her  veins. 

If  I  believed  that ! 

I  have  thought  today,  that,  perhaps,  and  all  innocently,  I  am  depriv- 
ing my  little  ward  of  a  part  of  her  birthright.  If  heretofore  I  have 
thought  of  anything  beyond  taking  her  for  an  amusement  and  a  play- 
thing, it  has  been  with  the  vague  idea  that  in  giving  her  civilization,  I 
was  hanging  upon  her  life  the  great  jewel,  the  one  pearl.  Just  now  it 
occurs  to  me,  that  there  usually  comes  a  day  in  a  little  squaw's  existence 
when  she  is  espied  by  some  susceptible  brave,  and  he  makes  commercial 
advances  to  her  father  ;  then,  without  further  ceremony,  lakes  her  re- 
joicing to  his  wickiup.  Such  a  day  can  never  come  to  Mary,  if  she  stays 
with  me.  Thus,  has  she,  through  me,  lost  home,  husband,  and  children. 
But  then,  what  folly  to  accuse  myself!  The  idea  was  suggested  by  a 
question  of  hers. 

"How  much,"  she  asked,  "did he  (meaning  my  husband)  pay  for  you? 
Many  dollars,  I  suppose,  because  your  hair  is  the  color  of  dried  grass, 
and  your  eyes  like  two  openings  in  the  clouds.     He  likes  you." 

* '  He  does  love  me,  I  should  die  if  he  did  not ! "  I  cried  impetuously. 
But  her  face,  the  three  fern  leaves  on  its  chin  standing  bluelyout,  settled 
into  that  stubborn  calm  which  is  so  much  her  characteristic,  and  I  could 
not  coax  her  into  that  contented  and  pleasing  mood,  which  now  she 
oftener  wears. 

March  15.  I  can  scarcely  write  for  tears — Mary,  little  Indian  Mil-choi- 
mil,  is  dead ! 

And  she  loved  me — I  cannot  doubt  it — for  she  followed  me  with  her 
eyes  when  I  left  her,  and  when  I  returned  held  my  hand  closely  between 
her  weak  fingers.  I  must  write  no  more,  for  I  am  quite  worn  with  the 
events  of  the  last  few  days. 

March  30.  I  must  finish  little  Mary's  history  in  my  diary  ;  it  will  take 
few  words. 

I  did  not  dream  she  was  going  to  die ;  I  really  did  not !  but  the  rest 
saw  it,  months  ago.  I  had  her  photograph  taken,  one  day,  and  she  said, 
then,  that  would  kill  her.  I  laughed  at  her  superstition,  and  to  reassure 
her  let  her  see  me  sit  for  mine,  directly  after. 

She  took  a  sudden  cold,  which  developed,  alarmingly  soon,  into  pneu- 
monia. She  said,  so  yearningly,  when  she  was  uneasy  with  fever,  that 
the  salmon  were  beginning  to  run  up  the  Klamath  ;  and,  then,  again  ^ 
that  the  thimble  berries  would  ripen  in  June  ;  and  told,  as  she  refused  a 
drink  from  the  faucet,  how  cool  and  fresh  the  water  lay,  up  there,  in  lit- 
tle pools  among  the  rocks,  under  the  shade  of  the  banks.  Oh,  it  just 
hurt  my  heart  to  hear  her  longing  voice  ! 

I  insisted  that  they  should  take  her  up  on  the  steamer,  her  little  shoes 


276  LAND    OF   SUNSHINE. 

tucked  in  beside  her,  and  bury  her  out  among  the  pines — a  little  alien 
whom  I  had  robbed  of  home  and  family — a  human  curio,  which  I  tore 
from  its  environments,  and  would  have  attached  to  me  like  an  ornament 
to  my  watch  chain.  I  hope  God  will  forgive  me !  A  woman  can  be  so 
careless  and  so  cruel ! 

Away  up  there,  under  the  pines,  with  their  gently-swaying  tops,  I 
shall  always  think  of  her  as  sleeping,  in  her  red  calico  dress,  her  strings 
of  shells'around  her  neck,  the  red-woodpecker  tufts  in  her  braided  hair. 

Sleep,  little  Mil-ch6i-mil,  sleep  well.  Run,  salmon,  run  up  the  Klam- 
ath ;  swirl,  cool  waters,  among  the  mountain  pools  ;  ripen,-  berries,  upon 
the  bush ;  clasp  hands,  winds,  and  whisper  near  the  spot  where  she 
sleeps ;  for  to  you  all  she  belonged,  and  never  to  crowded  street,  and 
bell,  and  book. 

But  had  she  a  soul  ?  oh,  she  had — I  know  she  had  ! 

Alameda,  Cal. 

'  The  Big  Bonanza. 

BY  THEODORE  H.    HTTTELL. 

[CONCI^UDED.  ] 

GfT  took  but  a  comparatively  short  time,  under  the  management  of 
J  such  men  as  crowded  over  from  the  western  side  of  the  Sierra  Nevada, 
^  to  find  out,  not  only  that  the  blue  stuff  that  had  been  contemptuously 
rejected  in  the  neighborhood  of  Gold  Hill  was  substantially  the  same  as 
that  which  was  found  at  Ophir,  but  also  that  the  vein  which  furnished 
it  extended  all  the  way  between  the  two  places,  and  a  mile  or  two  south- 
erly from  Gold  Hill  to  what  became  known  as  Silver  City  in  Gold 
Canon,  a  distance  of  about  twenty-two  thousand  feet,  or  a  little  more 
than  four  miles.  It  was  a  large,  irregular  layer  or  dyke  of  metalliferous 
rocks,  chiefly  quartz,  with  bunches,  pockets  or  streaks  of  exceedingly 
rich  ore  running  through  it,  lying  between  what  was  called  the  foot- 
wall,  which  was  generally  hard  diorite,  on  the  lower  side,  and  the  hang- 
ing wall,  consisting  of  porphyritic  rocks,  on  the  upper  side.  It  would 
seem  that  when  the  mountain  was  originally  formed  or  was  forming, 
there  was  an  immense  split  or  series  of  splits  in  its  mass,  and  naturally 
in  its  weakest  part,  a  thousand  feet  wide  in  some  places  and  narrowing 
or  "pinching"  to  a  mere  trace  in  others,  but  forming  a  continuous  line 
of  fissure,  into  which  nature  interjected  from  the  unknown  depths  be- 
low, and  under  conditions  of  heat  and  chemical  action  that  are  incon- 
ceivable to  the  present  dwellers  upon  the  earth,  the  materials,  includ- 
ing some  native  gold  and  silver  and  many  argentiferous  and  other  ores, 
that  form  the  great  vein.  It  was  formed  under  substantially  the  same 
conditions  as  the  great  veins  of  Potosi,  Guanajuato,  Zacatecas  and 
Chihuahua.  All  are  of  the  same  kind,  having  much  the  same  general 
topographical  position  with  reference  to  the  mountains  in  which  they 
are  found,  with  nearly  like  directions  and  nearly  similar  dips ;  and  all, 
as  before  stated,  belong  to  one  and  the  same  family  of  gigantic 
developments. 


THE   BIG    BONANZA.  277 

In  the  case  of  the  Mouut  Davidson  vein  or  Comstock  lode,  as,  not- 
withstanding the  character  of  "Old  Pancake,"  it  got  to  be  called,  it 
will  be  noticed  that  when  O'Reilly  and  McLaughlin  first  struck  the 
ledge,  a  little  above  and  back  of  what  is  now  Virginia  City,  it  turned 
into  the  mountain  or,  in  other  words,  seemed  to  dip  westerly  ;  but  on 
further  investigation,  it  was  found  that  the  dip  was  decidedly  easterly, 
out  of  or  away  from  the  perpendicular  axis  of  the  mountain.  It  might, 
on  account  of  this  general  direction,  be  supposed  that  it  was  like  a 
stratum  of  the  sedimentary  rocks  and  had  been  lifted  up  like  many  of 
the  strata  with  the  general  rise  of  the  mountain  chain  ;  and  it  is  indeed 
possible  that  its  position  may  have  been  more  or  less  shifted  in  the 
course  of  time  and  the  slow  changes  of  myriads  of  years ;  but  it  is  to 
be  borne  in  mind  that  it  is  not  in  any  respect  a  stratum  and  was  not 
formed  or  deposited  in  any  manner  like  the  limestones  or  the  sand- 
stones of  comparatively  recent  geological  periods.  It  was  of  plutonic, 
not  neptunic,  origin.  It  was  not  formed  on  the  top  of  other  forma- 
tions, but  it  protruded  up  through  them.  It  does  not  lie  along  or  in 
conformity  with  other  rocks,  but  cuts  or  splits  right  through  them, 
changing  their  character  more  or  less  on  each  side  ;  and  it  goes  down, 
probably  getting  richer  and  richer  as  it  descends,  to  depths  that  can 
never  be  reached,  and  the  composition  of  which  we  can  only  surmise — 
depths  where  the  heat  is  sufficient  to  melt  and  vaporize  metals  and  the 
pressure  great  enough  to  crystallize  diamonds. 

When  and  how  the  great  split  in  Mount  Davidson  and  the  injection 
into  it  of  the  fluid  silica,  with  its  metals  and  metalliferous  ores,  took 
place  are  questions  that  geology  will  some  day  answer ;  but  for  the 
present  purpose  it  is  sufficient  that  after  lying  there  for  millions  of 
years — as  many  other  lodes  as  yet  undiscovered  are  still  lying  among 
the  mountains — the  Comstock  lode  was  found  ;  and  men  were  also  found 
who  knew  or  soon  learned  how  to  appreciate  and  use  it.  Its  extent  was 
of  course  at  first  unknown,  but  there  was  enough  of  the  ore  in  sight  to 
make  it  well  worth  working  and  sinking  for  more.  This  sinking  com- 
menced at  the  Ophir  mine,  where  the  vein  was  found  to  dip  into  the 
mountain,  and  was  carried  on  in  the  beginning  with  ordinary  hand 
windlass  and  bucket.  The  product  was  so  promising  that  the  windlass 
was  soon  succeeded  by  a  horse-power  whim  ;  and  not  long  afterward 
the  horse-power  was  succeeded  by  a  steam-engine,  which  was  used,  not 
only  to  carry  the  men  up  and  down  and  hoist  ore,  but  also  to  pump 
out  the  water  that  trickled  and  seeped  into  the  excavation.  The  shaft 
or  incline  followed  the  well-defined  ore  body  between  the  foot  wall  on 
the  one  side  and  the  hanging  wall  on  the  other,  because  outside  of  them 
there  was  no  metal  or  ore,  and  it  was  found  that  the  vein  grew  wider 
and  better  as  it  went  down,  until  at  a  depth  of  less  than  two  hundred 
feet  it  was  fifty  feet  across.  As  excavation  and  removal  of  the  ore  pro- 
ceeded, the  problem  presented  itself  of  how  to  keep  up  the  hanging 
wall  and  superincumbent  mass.  Pillars  were  left  in  many  places,  but 
the  ore  was  comparatively  soft  and  would  not  sustain  any  great  amount 
of  pressure.     Large  timbers  were  also  used  as  in  ordinary  tunnels,  but 


278  LAND   OF  SUNSHINE 

the  great  weight  warped  and  twisted  them  out  of  shape,  and  in  some 
instances  squeezed  them  into  less  than  half  their  original  size  or 
crushed  them  into  splinters. 

For  the  purpose  of  meeting  this  difficulty,  Philip  Deidesheimer,  a 
Californian  mining  engineer,  who  had  been  consulted  on  the  subject, 
suggested  the  use  of  what  were  called  "square  sets,"  consisting  of 
short,  thick,  heavy  timbers  mortised  and  tenoned  at  the  ends  and  braced 
diagonally,  so  as  to  form  cribs  four  or  five  feet  square.  These  could  be 
piled  up  on  top  or  by  the  side  of  one  another,  so  as  to  fill  up  almost  any 
sized  or  shaped  space.  They  were  found  to  answer  the  purpose  admira- 
bly— much  better  than  anything  else  that  could  be  devised — and  after- 
ward vast  cavities,  hundreds  of  feet  wide  and  nearly  a  thousand  feet 
in  depth,  that  had  been  emptied  of  ore,  were  thus  filled  up. 

In  addition  to  the  Ophir,  as  the  ledge  was  found  to  extend  southward 
to  Silver  City,  other  mines  were  opened  at  various  points  all  the  way  to 
that  place  and  beyond.  These  mines  received  different  names,  in  some 
cases  those  of  the  first  claimants,  such  as  Best  and  Belcher,  Gould  and 
Curry,  Savage,  Hale  and  Norcross,  ChoUar,  and  so  on,  and  in  other 
cases  more  fanciful  ones,  such  as  Sierra  Nevada,  Mexican,  California, 
Virginia,  Potosi,  Yellow  Jacket  and  Crown  Point.  On  nearly  all  the 
claims  shafts  were  sunk  and  work  commenced  ;  and  as  it  had  become 
known  that  the  vein  dipped  eastwardly,  many  of  these  shafts  were 
located  in  favorable  places  east  of  the  outcroppings  of  the  ledge,  which 
might  thus  be  struck  by  sinking  perpendicularly.  In  less  than  two 
years  nearly  a  hundred  mines  were  opened ;  and  though  all  were  not 
profitable,  several  bonanzas  or  pockets  of  rich  ore  were  encountered, 
and  several  of  the  mining  companies  at  work  made  large  profits,  such 
as  the  Ophir,  Gould  and  Curry,  Savage,  Hale  and  Norcross,  Chollar, 
Potosi,  Yellow  Jacket,  and  Crown  Point.  All  of  these  and  a  few  others 
had  their  bonanzas  ;  and  up  to  1870,  ten  years  after  the  silver  discovery 
occurred,  the  Comstock  mines  had  yielded  over  a  hundred  millions  of 
dollars. 

Among  the  young,  active  and  intelligent  Californians,  who  had 
drifted  over  to  Washoe  in  the  early  days  were  John  W.  Mackay  and 
James  G.  Fair.  They  were  both  of  Irish  birth  and  both  ordinary  work- 
ing miners,  without  wealth  or  influence.  But  they  went  into  the  Washoe 
business  and  especially  the  underground  business  with  great  energy  and 
became  recognized  as  men  of  superior  skill  in  their  line.  Both  by  close 
and  persistent  attention  to  their  work  rapidly  advanced  and  by  degrees 
got  to  be  interested  in  the  mines  in  which  they  labored.  Fair  became 
superintendent  of  the  Ophir  mine  and  Mackay  of  the  Caledonian  and 
part  owner  of  the  Kentuck,  which,  though  not  among  the  great  mines, 
were  well  managed  and  yielded  large  returns.  In  the  meanwhile  they 
had  come  together  and  joined  forces  with  James  C.  Flood  and  William 
S.  O'Brien  of  San  Francisco,  who  were  as  skillful  in  stock  transactions 
as  Mackay  and  Fair  were  in  mining  operations,  and  thereby  constituted 
what  was  known  and  became  famous  as  the  bonanza  firm  of  Flood 
&  O'Brien.     In  that  connection  they  invested  in  Hale  and  Norcross 


THE  BIG   BONANZA.  279 

and  several  other  of  the  Comstock  mines.  In  Hale  and  Norcross 
they  made  some  money  ;  but  in  several  others,  which  they  endeavored 
to  develop,  they  lost,  or  at  least  made  nothing.  Though  little  or  noth- 
ing of  note  was  rewarding  their  labor  they  were  learning  ali  the  time 
and  had  implicit  faith  in  the  mines.  Their  confidence,  or  rather  the 
confidence  of  Mackay — for  he  was  the  '*  brains  "  of  the  mining  branch 
of  the  firm  as  Flood  was  of  the  stock  branch  of  it  —  was  phenome- 
nal. Other  men  have  persisted  in  risks  and  perilous  undertakings  ;  and 
some  have  won  and  got  credit  for  undeserved  luck ;  but  Mackay  and 
Fair  in  the  mines,  supported  by  Flood  and  O'Brien  in  the  stock  center 
of  San  Francisco,  though  they  could  not  look  into  the  mountain,  be- 
lieved implicitly  in  its  bonanza  character  and  invested  their  money  and 
labor  with  that  kind  of  assurance  based  on  knowledge  and  good  judg- 
ment, which  lies  at  the  bottom  of  all  great  undertakings.  Their  ven- 
tures were  in  no  proper  sense  a  "gamble."  They  pictured  to  their  own 
minds,  and  on  trustworthy  data,  the  nature  of  the  great  vein  under  their 
feet ;  and  they  proceeded  to  lay  out  their  plan  of  campaign  in  search  of 
the  treasures,  which  they  had  convinced  themselves  were  still  buried  in 
the  mountain,  with  the  same  faith  and  reasonable  certainty  of  success 
that  a  merchant  relies  on  in  sending  his  products  to  a  market  which  in 
the  ordinary  and  natural  course  of  trade  must  be  remunerative.  As  the 
great  merchant  exercises  and  displays  a  genius  for  commercial  profit,  so 
the  bonanza  firm,  in  their  operations  on  the  Comstock  lode,  exercised 
and  displayed  a  genius  for  bonanza. 

There  were  toward  the  northerly  end  of  the  great  Comstock  vein,  as 
known  in  the  early  Seventies,  several  claims  that  had  never  yielded  any- 
thing of  sufficient  value  to  encourage  much  exploration.  They  em- 
braced a  lineal  distance  on  the  main  lode  of  thirteen  hundred  and  ten 
feet,  but  the  outcroppings  were  few  and  nothing  of  importance  was  pro- 
duced from  the  same  kind  of  shafts  and  inclines  that  had  paid  so  well  in 
other  mines.  The  common  understanding  was  that  the  ground  had  been 
tested  and  found  worthless.  But  Mackay  and  Fair  thought  differently. 
They  reasoned  that  the  Comstock  was  a  great  vein  filling  up  an  immense 
continuous  fissure.  It  was  known  to  be  wide  and  extensive  in  the  Ophir 
mine,  just  north  of  the  neglected  claims,  and  in  the  Gould  and  Curry 
south  of  them,  and  to  extend  into  the  Mexican,  Union  Consolidated  and 
Sierra  Nevada,  north  of  the  Ophir,  and  into  the  Savage,  Hale  and  Nor- 
cross, ChoUar,  Potosi,  Yellow  Jacket  and  Crown  Point,  south  of  the 
Gould  and  Curry.  They  were  all  evidently  locations  on  one  and  the  same 
great  vein.  It  might  be,  and  was  likely  to  be,  pinched  in  some  places- 
that  was  the  nature  of  great  metalliferous  veins — but  there  was  no  good 
reason  to  infer,  because  there  was  a  pinch  or  very  little  good  ore  at 
the  surface  or  because  there  might  be  a  pinch  here  and  there  below  the 
surface  of  the  reported  barren  ground,  that  it  should  extend  throughout 
its  whole  distance.  The  likelihood  was  that  as  good  and  perhaps  better 
deposits  could  be  found  in  that  large  and  centrally  located  extent  of 
ground  than  in  the  claims  on  both  sides  of  it.  Ophir  was  only  six  hun- 
dred and  seventy-five  feet  in  length,  and  Mexican  six  hundred  feet  north 


28o  LAND   OF  SUNSHINE. 

of  that ;  while  Best  and  Belcher  on  the  other  side  was  only  two  hundred 
and  twenty-four  feet,  followed  by  Gould  and  Curry  of  nine  hundred  and 
twenty-one  feet.  They  were  all  bonanza  mines ;  and  why  should  the 
large  intervening  space  of  thirteen  hundred  and  ten  feet  all  be  pinched 
and  barren  ?  There  was  no  good  reason  ;  and  Mackay  and  Fair  would 
not  and  did  not  believe  it  to  be  ;  and  they  were  willing  to  spend  their 
time  and  money  in  justification  of  their  faith. 

It  was  not  very  diflScult,  with  the  bad  name  the  reported  barren 
ground  had  acquired  after  ten  or  twelve  years  of  neglect,  to  buy  it  all 
up  for  a  comparatively  small  sum  of  money.  The  bonanza  firm  seem  to 
have  commenced  with  purchasing  the  various  claims  to  the  seven  hun- 
dred and  twenty-one  feet,  next  north  of  the  Best  and  Belcher,  which 
they  united  into  the  so-called  Consolidated  Virginia  mine,  and  then 
bought  the  six  hundred  feet,  next  north  and  up  to  the  Ophir,  which  they 
called  the  California.  The  two  mines  together,  being  thenceforth  sub- 
stantially under  the  same  ownership  and  management,  were  usually 
named  in  conjunction  as  the  Consolidated  Virginia  and  California.  It 
is  said  that  the  bonanza  firm  paid  out  about  one  hundred  thousand  dol- 
lars, for  which  they  purchased  about  three-fourths  and  the  entire  control 
of  the  two  mines,  and  they  consummated  their  bargain  and  took  posses- 
sion and  mangement  in  January,  1872.  They  determined  to  devote 
their  attention  first  to  a  thorough  exploration  of  the  Consolidated  Vir- 
ginia ;  and  for  this  purpose  they  commenced  with  levying  an  assessment 
of  over  two  hundred  thousand  dollars  upon  its  stock — most  of  which 
they  had  of  course  to  pay  themselves — and  expending  it  in  develop- 
ment. They  had  a  shaft,  four  hundred  feet  deep  on  the  ground ;  but 
their  main  and  important  work  was,  by  consent  of,  and  under  arrange- 
ment with,  the  two  mines  next  south  of  them,  to  run  a  drift  or  tunnel 
from  the  deep  shaft  of  the  Gould  and  Curry  mine,  at  a  depth  of  nearly 
twelve  hundred  feet  below  the  surface,  through  the  Best  and  Belcher 
ground  and  into  Consolidated  Virginia.  It  was  a  costly  operation,  as 
they  had  to  run  eight  hundred  feet  before  reaching  the  edge  of  their 
ground  ;  and,  after  reaching  it,  they  ran  a  hundred  feet  or  more  into  the 
Consolidated  Virginia  without  finding  anything  except  a  mere  thread. 
At  one  time  they  lost  even  this  ;  and  the  prospects  were  very  unfavor- 
able ;  but  the  same  confidence  that  had  induced  them  to  run  their  tun- 
nel induced  them  to  continue  it.  And  continue  it  they  did.  They 
knew  they  were  on  the  vein  because  the  hanging  wall  and  the  foot  wall 
were  present  and,  by  persistently  following  them,  they  finally  came  to  a 
place  where  the  vein  widened — and  widened  rapidly.  The  further  they 
went  the  better  became  the  prospects.  It  now  became  very  certain  that 
they  would  want  their  separate  shaft ;  and  it  was  accordingly  pushed 
downward  day  and  night  without  interruption  until  it  reached  the  depth 
of  the  tunnel,  or  eleven  hundred  and  sixty-seven  feet,  and  struck  the  ore 
body  which  had  been  first  found  in  the  tunnel  communicating  with  the 
Gould  and  Curry  shaft.  The  ore  body  was  not  of  the  very  best ;  but  it 
was  good  and  was  getting  better  the  further  they  went  into  it.  A  drift 
of  two  hundred  and  fifty  feet  was  run  from  the  bottom  of  the  shaft  and 


THE   BIG   BONANZA.  281 

it  went  the  entire  distance  through  rich  ore.  They  had  struck  a  portion 
of  the  Big  Bonanza.  The  ore  ran  up  from  sixty  dollars  a  ton  to  more 
than  six  hundred ;  and  in  every  direction,  as  they  advanced,  it  grew 
wider  and  richer.  The  shaft  was  sunk  down  to  the  twelve  hundred  feet 
level ;  and  there  still  continued  an  increase  in  the  extent  and  value  of 
the  deposit. 

In  the  meanwhile  large  quantities  of  the  ore  were  being  taken  out ; 
and  by  the  end  of  October,  1872,  the  bonanza  firm  were  shipping  bullion 
to  the  value  of  about  a  quarter  of  a  million  of  dollars  every  month. 
Without  saying  much  or  anticipating  all,  they  knew  they  had  an  ex- 
ceedingly valuable  mine,  and  they  proceeded  now  with  redoubled  energy 
to  find  out  the  extent  of  what  they  had. 

Neither  Mackay  nor  Fair  was  at  that  time  especially  interested  in  the 
stock  market.  They  were  not  anxious  to  have  their  mine  or  their  suc- 
cess in  it  known.  They  were  perfectly  well  aware  that  they  had  found  a 
great  deposit ;  but  they  wanted,  before  making  their  final  arrangements 
about  it,  to  know  exactly  how  large  and  valuable  it  was.  By  the  end  of 
1 874,  they  had  gone  down  to  the  fifteen  hundred  feet  level ;  and  at  that 
depth  the  ore  was  richer  than  ever.  They  had  evidently  struck  some- 
thing unprecedented  ;  and  the  more  they  examined  and  probed  and  ran 
cross-cuts  through  it  the  larger  and  more  valuable  the  bonanza  seemed 
to  become  ;  and  curiously  enough  the  California  ground  was  now  sup- 
posed to  have  a  larger  and  more  valuable  bonanza  than  the  Consolidated 
Virginia.  By  January,  1875,  the  seven  hundred  and  ten  feet  of  the  Con- 
solidated Virginia  were  estimated — and  the  company  stock,  which  had 
been  increased  from  10,700  to  108,000  shares,  sold — at  the  rate  of  seventy- 
five  millions  of  dollars  ;  while  the  six  hundred  feet  of  the  California 
mine  rose  to  eighty-four  millions  and  upward.  In  other  words,  the 
thirteen  hundred  and  ten  feet  of  neglected  and  supposed  barren  ground, 
which  in  1870  was  rated  at  forty  or  fifty  thousand  dollars,  and  for  which 
the  bonanza  firm  paid  about  one  hundred  thousand  dollars,  was  now 
worth  and  selling  in  the  stock  market  at  the  rate  of  about  one  hundred 
and  fifty  millions.  At  this  rate  every  running  inch  of  the  ground  along 
the  vein  was  worth  over  ten  thousand  dollars  ;  and  every  one  of  the  two 
hundred  and  sixteen  thousand  shares,  in  which  the  two  mines  were  di- 
vided, was  worth  on  an  average  seven  hundred  dollars.  But  on  the 
other  hand,  and  in  justification  of  these  prices,  an  immense  body  of 
ore  of  the  richest  description,  from  one  hundred  and  fifty  to  three  hun- 
dred and  twenty  feet  wide  and  more  than  five  hundred  feet  deep,  was  in 
actual  sight  ;  and  in  a  short  time  and  for  a  number  of  months  actual 
dividends  of  over  two  millions  of  dollars  were  paid  monthly,  or  at  the 
rate  of  about  ten  dollars  per  share  or  one  hundred  and  thirty  dollars  on 
each  running  foot  every  month. 

Such  was  the  huge  deposit  found  by  Mackay  and  Fair  in  the  Consoli- 
dated Virginia  and  California  mines,  or  the  Big  Bonanza  as  it  was 
called.  The  ore  was  not  all  of  the  same  character  ;  but  the  most  of  it 
was  very  valuable  and  some  of  it  exceedingly  rich.  In  general  color  it 
ranged  from  pale  green  and  bluish  gray  to  deep  black,  some  of  it  con- 


282  LAND   OF  SUNSHINE. 

taining  native  silver,  all  more  or  less  gold,  and  in  many  places  there 
were  masses  of  crystals  of  quartz,  blue,  violet,  purple,  olive-green,  rose, 
pink  or  white.  The  most  gorgeous  jewel-bespangled  caverns,  with 
whose  story  Sheherazade  beguiled  Shariar  from  his  bloody-minded  pur- 
pose, and  the  most  gem-filled  of  the  "dark,  unfathomed  caves  of  ocean," 
were  nothing  in  comparison.  Here  were  at  least  five  hundred  thousand 
square  yards  of  ore,  and  it  was  supposed  to  be  worth  at  least  three  hun- 
dred dollars  in  gold  and  silver  a  square  yard.  It  was  not  the  bonanza 
firm  that  gave  it  this  value.  The  mine  actually  yielded  something  in 
the  neighborhaod  of  that  valuation.  Experts  at  the  time  fixed  the 
value  much  higher.  The  lowest  estimates  put  on  it  were  over  a  hun- 
dred million  ;  the  director  of  the  United  States  mint  thought  that  the 
ore  in  sight  indicated  three  hundred  millions  of  dollars,  and  Deides- 
heimer,  the  engineer,  who  rendered  the  working  of  the  mines  practicable 
by  his  suggestion  of  the  cubic  frames  of  timber,  was  disposed  to  place 
the  value  at  some  fifteen  hundred  millions. 

Some  men  have  been  bom  to  great  fortunes,  though  rarely  to  anything 
like  one  hundred  or  even  fifty  millions  of  dollars,  and  some  have  man- 
aged, by  a  long  course  of  attention  to  careful  business,  to  accumulate 
great  fortunes.  In  these  cases,  as  a  general  rule  they,  by  degrees,  grow 
into  or  up  with  their  fortunes  ;  and  there  is  nothing  specially  remark- 
able or  interesting  in  contemplating  these  or  their  wealth.  But  let  the 
reader  imagine  these  hard-working  miners  down  in  the  lower  levels 
of  the  Comstock,  who  had  the  brains  to  conceive  and  believe  in  the  con- 
tinuance of  the  vein  through  the  barren  ground  between  the  Ophir  and 
the  Best  and  Belcher  mines  and  had  the  pluck  to  put  all  their  money  and 
all  their  labor  into  the  work  of  proving  the  truth  of  their  convictions — 
imagine  the  feelings  of  these  men,  still  young,  vigorous,  sober,  sound  in 
body  and  mind,  with  nearly  all  of  life  before  them,  when  they  suddenly 
burst  into  what  seemed  one  of  the  great  treasure-houses  of  nature,  where 
she  had  been  elaborating  and  storing  wealth  for  uncounted  and  un- 
countable myriads  of  years ;  and  it  was  all  theirs. 

One  of  the  old  Californian  pioneers  relates  how,  at  Weber  Creek,  in 
1848,  he  did  his  first  day's  work  at  mining.  After  laboring  severely  till 
near  evening  and  clearing  oflf  several  feet  of  surface  dirt  from  the  top  of 
a  large  rock,  he  unearthed  some  thirty  dollars  worth  of  bright,  shining 
gold  that  was  lying  there  before  him.  He  did  not  pick  it  up  at  first ;  he 
left  it  lie  for  a  time,  and  enjoyed  the  consciousness,  without  touching  it, 
that  there  it  was  within  his  grasp,  and  more  of  the  same  kind  all  along 
the  creek.  The  enjoyment  was  worth  more  than  the  gold.  If  thirty 
dollars  in  golden  grains,  thus  exposed  on  the  rough  surface  of  a  piece  of 
bed-rock,  can  make  a  man  feel  glorious,  what  language  can  express  the 
feelings  of  Mackay  when  he  struck  the  Big  Bonanza  of  over  a  hundred 
and  fifty  millions  ? 

San  Francisco,  Cal. 


UNPUBLISHED    DOCUMENTS~THE    VICEROY'S    REPORT 
CONCLUDED. 


m 


Early  California. 

ED    DOCUMENTS~THE    VICEROY 
CONCLUDED. 

HE  following  installment  concludes  the  (translated)  re- 
.       port  of  the  Viceroy  Revilla  Gigedo,  reviewing  the  his- 
tory  of  California  from  1768  to  1793.     The  translation 
was  begun  in  the  June  number. 

228.  These  naval  forces  I  deem  for  the  present  sufficient  in  Acapulco, 
for  the  purpose  of  cruising  frequently  along  the  norihern  and  southern 
coasts ;  for  watching  and  impeding  smuggling  in  our  establishments 
which  the  vessels  of  any  foreign  power  might  attempt ;  for  carrying  the 
yearly  supplies  to  the  '*  presidios"  and  missions  of  the  Californias  ;  for 
assisting  the  peninsula  in  case  of  invasion  ;  and  for  undertaking  voy- 
ages to  higher  latitudes  if  circumstances  should  so  require  it,  either  to 
acquire  information  about  the  progress  made  in  these  remote  northern 
provinces  by  the  English  or  Russians,  or  in  reference  to  the  fur  trade, 
or  because  necessity  arises  to  make  a  special  examination  of  certain 
parts  of  the  coast. 

229.  It  may  be  that  we  shall  require  in  the  future  a  larger  fleet  for 
the  objects  indicated,  according  to  what  events  may  happen.  But  no 
matter  if  we  increase  or  not  this  naval  force  in  the  Pacific,  we  will  al- 
ways be  able,  as  far  as  it  is  possible,  to  protect  our  commerce,  reduce 
the  expenses  of  the  department,  and  defeat,  as  much  as  is  within  our 
power,  the  combinations  upon  which  the  English  have  calculated. 

Fourth  Proposition  about  the  Better  Management  and 

Improvement  of  the  Special  Funds  of  the 

Missions  of  tlie  Californias. 

230.  The  fourth  proposition  contained  herein  must  be  considered  as 
an  incident  of  the  second,  the  same  as  proposition  five  will  be  subor- 
dinate to  the  third ;  and  this  because  the  present  has  reference  to  the 
development  of  the  salines  of  San  Bias,  whose  products  are  to  be  ap- 
plied for  the  expenses  of  the  department,  and  because  proposition  five 
will  treat  about  the  exercise  of  greater  care  in  the  administration  of  the 
special  funds  of  the  California  missions,  so  that  this  capital  may  not  be 
impaired,  and  a  new  burden  imposed  upon  the  treasury. 

231.  These  funds,  if  properly  cared  for,  are  sufficient  for  maintaining 
the  actual  missions ;  but  ever  since  the  expulsion  of  the  Jesuits,  who 
personally  managed  the  landed  properties  (fincas),  the  products  thereof, 
which  the  society  formerly  used  for  pious  purposes,  have  begun  to 
decrease. 

-  232.  For  this  reason  it  was  considered  convenient  to  relieve  the  man- 
agement of  funded  ecclesiastical  properties  from  the  charge  of  these 
revenues,  and  confide  same,  in  accordance  with  a  royal  order,  to  the 
former  auditors  of  the  cashier's  department  of  the  royal  treasury,  don 
Francisco  de  Salas  Carrillo  ;  but  at  the  death  of  this  magistrate  a  still 
greater  decadence  was  noted. 

233.  There  were  many  applicants  for  the  vacant  administration,  and 
my  predecessor,  don  Manuel  Antonio  Flores,  thought  that  the  safest 
thing  to  do  would  be  to  place  the  management  in  charge  of  the  two 
magistrates  of  said  royal  treasury  and  hold  them  jointly  responsible. 

234.  So  he  decided  and  advised  His  Majesty,  accompanying  his  letter 
(number  159,  of  January  27,  1789)  with  an  authenticated  copy  of  the 
proceedings.  But  in  another  letter  (number  178,  of  March  27th) 
he  informed  that  this  measure,  far  from  producing  any  good,  was  fast 
precipitating  the  funds  to  utter  ruin,  and  that  they  could  be  saved  only 


284  LAND    OF  SUNSHINE. 

by  an  active,  intelligent  and  zealous  general  manager,  who  should  fre- 
quently inspect  the  estates  and  be  capable  of  developing  their  resources 
and  disposing  at  a  fair  price  of  the  products  ;  and  who  also  should  keep 
watch  over  the  conduct  of  the  subaltern  administrators.  Such  a  general 
manager  should  have  no  other  office  or  employment,  and  should  be 
paid  a  competent  salary. 

235.  These  letters  he  addressed  to  the  Marquis  de  Bajamar,  the  same 
as  I  did  with  my  number  22  of  Nov.  26,  1789,  wherein  I  agreed  with  the 
opinion  of  my  predecessor  in  reference  to  confiding  the  estates  to  a 
General  Administrator  of  the  Californias  ;  because,  among  different 
other  notable  matters  in  the  management  of  those  properties,  I  noted, 
that  after  estimating  in  four  or  five  thousand  dollars  the  construction  of 
a  water  reservoir  on  the  estate,  called  Arroyozarco,  more  than  forty 
thousand  dollars  had  been  expended  and  the  work  is  not  yet  finished. 

236.  Afterward  I  forwarded  with  my  letter  (number  202  of  Nov.  30, 
1790)  an  authenticated  copy  of  the  proceedings  had  for  the  purpose  of 
complying  with  the  royal  order  of  May  20,  1781,  which  commanded  the 
sale  of  the  rural  properties  of  the  special  funds,  providing  that  the 
product  of  such  sale  should  be  placed  with  the  necessary  guarantees  at 
interest. 

237.  This  measure  was  not  carried  out,  because  the  auditor,  don 
Francisco  Salas  Carrillo,  presented  a  diffuse  representation  in  which  he 
persisted  in  making  out  that  the  special  fund  would  suffer  still  more  in 
case  its  landed  properties  should  be  sold,  stating  therein  that  if  the 
necessary  improvements  should  be  made  the  estate  "Ibarra"  would 
produce  $40,000  every  year,  and  the  holdings  of  Arroyozarco  four  or  five 
thousand  dollars. 

238.  With  such  fair  prospects  in  sight,  the  sale  of  the  properties  was 
suspended.  After  listening  to  the  argument  of  the  fiscal  of  the  royal 
treasury  and  to  the  advisory  opinion  of  the  Royal  Commission  of  Coun- 
cillors the  viceroy,  don  Matias  de  Galvez,  informed  His  Majesty  of  these 
proceedings,  in  a  letter  (number  670  of  April  27,  1784),  and  in  conse- 
quence thereof,  the  royal  order  of  December  14,  1785,  decided  in  favor 
of  the  measures  proposed  by  Carrillo  until  its  results  should  be  known. 

239.  These  results  were  far  from  satisfactory,  for  instead  of  a  yearly 
net  product  of  $40,000  derived  from  the  Ibarra  estate,  the  whole  income 
for  a  period  of  five  years  (1784  to  1788  in  which  latter  year  Carrillo  died) 
only  amounted  to  |32,023  ;  and  in  another  period  of  five  years  (1785  to 
1789)  the  estate  of  Arroyozarco  suffered  a  loss  of  $\  ,324. 

240-  For  this  reason,  the  fiscal  of  the  royal  treasury  petitioned  for, 
the  Assessor  General  of  this  vice-kingdom  agreed  thereto,  and  I  decreed 
in  conformity  therewith,  that  the  rural  property  of  the  special  funds  of 
the  Missions  of  the  Californias  should  be  sold  at  public  auction  to  the 
highest  bidder  or  bidders,  with  the  express  condition  that  the  pur- 
chaser should  acquire  said  property  subject  to  the  payment  of  a  per- 
petual annuity  (d  censo  perpetuo),  and  that  no  cash  deposit  should  be 
made  on  the  sale  price,  but  that  the  buyer  should  furnish  the  corre- 
sponding bonds  so  as  to  insure  the  payment  of  the  interest  and  also  the 
value  of  all  the  live-stock. 

241.  In  my  letter,  number  202,  I  reported  on  this  matter,  propos- 
ing also  if  it  should  not  be  possible  to  effect  a  favorable  sale  of  the  es- 
tates, to  place  same  under  the  charge  of  a  general  manager,  having  the 
qualities  mentioned  by  my  predecessor,  even  if  his  salary  should  be 
triple  the  amount  now  paid  to  the  magistrates  of  the  treasury  for  man- 
aging these  funds,  which  they  are  unable  to  do  properly,  owing  to  other 
official  duties  requiring  their  prior  attention  and  impeding  these  magis- 
trates absolutely  from  personally  visiting  and  inspecting  said  estates, 
which  impoverish  more  and  more  every  day,  as  is  proven  by  the  former 
expenditure  of  $98,000  and  by  the  $140,000  requi;red,  according  to  the 


EARLY   CALIFORNIA.  285 

estimate  of  the  engineer,  don  Miguel  Constanzo,  for  the  purpose  of  fin- 
ishing the  water  reservoir  at  Arroyozarco. 

242.  This  has  been  the  estate  which  suffered  most,  because  its  prod- 
ucts give  no  revenue  whatsoever  ;  and  as,  besides,  large  amounts  had  to 
be  expended  in  continuing  the  improvements,  it  became  necessary  to 
rent  this  property,  and  consequently  another  interminable  lawsuit  arose 
about  the  insufficiency  of  the  sureties  on  the  bond  of  the  lessee  (already 
deceased),  and  about  complaints  and  discords  of  the  settlers  or  sub-less- 
ees of  the  same  estate. 

243.  In  my  letter  (No.  283  of  July  23,  1791)  I  reported  all  this  to  the 
Marquis  de  Bajamar,  repeating  my  proposition  to  sell  the  properties  ; 
and  again  called  attention  to  my  own  opinions  and  those  of  my  prede- 
cessor. I  begged  to  be  informed  at  the  earliest  convenience  of  the  sov- 
ereign decision  of  His  Majesty,  so  as  to  be  able  to  save  the  public  funds 
of  this  Vice-Kingdom  being  burdened  with  a  considerable  part  of  the 
costs  which  the  missions  of  the  Californias  will  cause  to  it,  in  case  that 
the  special  funds  are  insufficient  for  maintaining  said  missions. 

244.  The  landed  properties  of  the  special  funds  are  valued  at  $527,- 
500;  its  capitals  loaned  out  on  interest  amount  to  $188,000;  therefore 
the  total  is  the  large  sum  of  $715,500,  whose  yearly  interest  at  the  rate 
of  five  per  cent,  should  be  $35,575.  The  missionaries  receive  every 
year  a  little  above  $22,000 ;  consequently  a  balance  should  remain  of 
$12,000  to  $13,000  to  be  used  for  the  establishment  of  new  missions, 
traveling  expenses  and  transportation  of  the  missionaries  by  land  and 
water. 

245.  These  last  two  items  are  neither  of  frequent  occurrence  nor 
very  expensive.  At  an  average  they  may  amount  yearly  to  about  two 
or  three  thousand  dollars.  Deducting  this  from  the  before  mentioned 
balance,  the  remainder  will  serve  to  increase  the  special  funds  ;  and  as 
these  balances  are  the  most  available  resources,  they  are  to  be  safely  in- 
vested, and  with  the  revenues  derived  therefrom  not  only  the  actual  ex- 
penses can  be  covered,  but  also  those  which  in  the  future  may  be  re- 
quired for  the  spiritual  conquest  and  for  subduing  pagan  Indians.  But 
all  these  fair  hopes  will  vanish  if  no  stop  is  put  to  the  ruination  of  the 
estates. 

246.  This  calamity  can  be  guarded  against  by  the  disposal  or  sale 
of  the  properties,  and  also  by  placing  the  estates  under  the  charge  of  an 
intelligent,  honest  and  active  general  manager  ;  although  in  my  opinion 
it  would  be  preferable  to  dispose  of  these  lands  in  the  manner  indicated 
by  the  fiscal  of  the  Royal  Treasury,  whose  propositions  are  (and  had 
to  be)  siispended  until  Your  Excellency  informs  me  if  His  Majesty  ap- 
proves this  measure. 

Fifth  Proposition,  about  Conserving  the  Primitive  Man- 
ner of  Managing:  the  Salines  of  ZapotiUa. 

247.  Under  date  of  June  18,  1790,  I  received  the  decisions  sanction- 
ing the  measure  in  reference  to  restoring  the  salines  of  Zapotilla  to 
the  former  mode  of  management.  This  measure  I  supported  by  an  au- 
thentic copy  of  the  actuations,  which  I  enclosed  in  the  letter  (No.  368 
of  February  26  of  the  same  year),  addressed  to  don  Antonio  Vald^z. 

248.  The  simple  and  safe  management  of  these  salines  had  been 
changed,  in  the  hope  that  the  product  would  be  increased  by  working 
the  salines  directly  on  account  of  the  royal  treasury.  But  the  contrary 
happened:  for  since  1781,  when  the  new  administration  was  installed, 
until  1788,  the  out-put  decreased  and  the  considerable  sum  of  nearly  $73,- 
COO  was  lost. 

249.  After  the  salines  were  again  placed  under  the  former  manage- 
ment, it  was  possible  to  bring  them  back  to  their  old  standard  of  pro- 
ducing $75,000  a  year  and  without  exposing  this  money  to  be  inverted 
in  extravagant  and  useless  expenditures.     Besides,  the  towns  and  settle- 


286  LAND    OF  SUNSHINE. 

ments  within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  saltworks  have  been  improved. 
The  reason  for  it  is  that  the  salt  wells  are  rented  at  the  rate  of  eight  dol- 
lars each  ;  the  product  is  more  than  thirty  thousand  "cargas"  [about 
300  pounds  in  a  "carga"]  of  salt,  for  which  the  king  pays  6  reales  [75c] 
per  "carga,"  and  sells  it  for  sixteen  reales  [$2].  Consequently  the  lessee 
does  not  lose  the  price  of  his  labor  in  working  the  wells,  and  the  just 
profits  of  the  royal  treasury  are  assured  v^ithout  any  danger  of  bank- 
ruptcies nor  any  salaries  to  administrator  or  interventor,  for  the  reason 
that  the  management  has  again  been  entrusted  to  the  Commissary  of  the 
department  of  San  Bias  ;  and,  for  the  present  there  exists  no  motive  to 
change  this  state  of  affairs. 

Remarks  to  Obviate  a  Difficulty  which  mig-ht  be  AUegred 
against  New  Enterprises  and  Expenses. 

250.  As  the  enterprises  necessary  for  the  new  establishment  at  the 
port  of  La  Bodega,  the  examination  of  the  stretch  of  coast  to  Juan  de 
Fuca  strait,  the  occupation  of  the  entrance  of  Ezeta  and  of  the  Colum- 
bia river  (to  all  of  which  I  have  referred  in  §§  185  to  195  and  216  to  219), 
must  occasion  expenses  to  the  royal  treasury,  which  will  be  still  further 
increased  by  the  cost  of  fortifying  the  "presidios"  of  the  Californias 
(of  which  II  220  to  223  treat),  it  may  seem  that  these  propositions 
contradict  the  contents  of  ^^  196  to  198,  wherein  I  oppose  every  project, 
no  matter  how  advantageous  it  may  be,  which  compels  us  to  incur  great 
expenses.  But  in  reference  to  these  propositions  I  must  make  the  fol- 
lowing distinctions  : 

251 .  Our  establishments  of  the  Californias  reach  to  the  *'  presidio  "  of 
San  Francisco,  and  if,  as  the  English  think,  this  is  to  be  the  boundary 
line,  then  they  might  establish  themselves  at  the  port  of  La  Bodega, 
which  is  so  close  to  that  peninsula,  that  it  is  practically  the  same  as  if 
they  were  on  it. 

252.  Consequently,  as  such  pernicious  neighbors  must  surely  be 
avoided  and  at  once,  we  cannot  do  less  than  occupy  without  delay  said 
port;  and  therefore  it  is  apparent  that  this  is  not  one  of  those  projects 
based  upon  future  advantages  or  which  ori;5inate  heavy  expenditures. 

253.  Neither  can  we  dispense  with  a  minute  exploration  of  the  stretch 
of  coast  up  to  Juan  de  Fuca  strait,  because  we  ignore  what  mediums  the 
English  may  acquire  for  approaching  our  establishments,  and  neither 
know  if  the  Columbia  river, 'immediate  to  the  entrance  of  Ezeta,  is  the 
supposed  passage  between  the  two  oceans  ;  a  matter  which  it  is  absolutely 
necessary  to  investigate.  The  costs  thereof  will  not  be  exorbitant  and 
this  exploration  does  not  compel  us  to  continue  in  larger  expenditures. 

254.  The  expenses  would  be  greater  if  we  had  to  build  establishments 
at  the  entrance  of  Ezeta,  in  case  that  the  Columbia  river  should  really 
be  the  passage  or  if  other  matters  of  great  importance  should  compel  us 
thereto. 

255.  It  would  also  be  very  expensive  to  build  or  construct  regular 
fortifications  and  to  garrison  same  with  the  corresponding  number  of 
California  presidial  troops,  as  it  seems  is  required  by  the  proximity  of 
foreign  vessels,  and  the  facility  with  which  an  enemy  in  open  war  might 
invade  and  take  said  peninsula,  absolutely  defenseless  as  it  is.  But 
neither  this  very  serious  matter,  nor  the  promptly  required  establish- 
ment at  the  port  of  La  Bodega,  nor  the  conditional  occupation  of  the 
entrance  of  Ezeta  have  any  other  remedy,  but  to  do  our  best  and  at  once 
furnish  all  the  moi^ey  required  for  these  purposes.  The  treasury  should 
in  preference  to  all  other  actual  needs,  no  matter  how  important  they 
may  be,  use  its  revenues  for  sustaining  and  maintaining  these  new  fortifi- 
cations and  additional  troops.  Besides,  in  the  special  treaties  already 
made  or  to  be  hereafter  entered  into  with  the  English  or  Russians,  a  pre- 
cise condition  or  stipulation  should  be  inserted,  prohibiting  either  of 
them  from  settling  on  localities  immediate  to  our  possessions  of  the 


EARLY   CALIFORNIA.  287 

Californias.  These  territories  of  ours  can  at  otice  be  placed  in  a  state  of 
adequate  defense  for  resisting  invasions  or  attacks  from  vessels,  by  the 
means  about  which  I  advised  in  my  letter  (No.  124  of  November  30,  1792) 
and  which  I  repeat  in  the  second  proposition  under  ^^  220  to  223. 

256.  I  am  perfectly  well  aware  that  such  defenses  are  insufficient 
against  a  formal  and  decisive  invasion,  as  also  that  it  is  not  probable  that 
the  English  will  agree  to  any  snch  stipulation  or  condition.  But  how- 
soever this  may  be.  I  think  to  have  removed  the  apparent  contradiction 
of  II  196  and  following,  by  proving  that  the  steps  to  be  taken  and  the 
expenses  to  be  incurred  are  for  the  purpose  of  defending  and  maintaining 
our  peninsula  of  the  Californias,  and  not  projects  based  upon  future 
advantages ;  but  that  they  are  simply  precautionary  measures  to  guard 
against  the  alienation  of  a  territory  we  conquered  at  the  cost  of  many 
lives,  hardships  and  treasure. 

257.  This  would  not  be  the  case  if  we  pretended  the  absolute  posses- 
sion of  all  the  extensive  coasts  north  of  the  Californias ;  because  this  is 
a  project  to  which  I  am  opposed  and  which  I  consider  a  distant,  adven- 
turous and  costly  enterprise. 

Statement  tbat  the  Occupation  of  the  Port  of  Nutka  or  of 

any  other  Harbor  on  the  remote  coasts  North  of 

the  Californias  is  Useless  to  Spain. 

258.  The  preservation  on  our  part  of  the  port  of  Nutka,  has  in  my 
opinion  been  as  useless  to  us,  as  would  be  the  occupation  of  any  other 
advanced  locality,  excepting  those  in  the  immediate  vacinity  of  our 
establishments  in  the  Californias,  for  the  reason  that  such  occupation 
will  always  be  productive  of  large  expenditures  and  grave  obligations 
and  may  even  be  the  cause  of  involving  our  Court  in  troubles  and  diffi- 
culties with  the  Court  of  Saint  James. 

It  is  Proposed  to  Cede  the  Port  of  Nutka  to  the  £ng^lish. 

259.  Therefore  I  am  of  the  opinion  that  we  should  cede  voluntarily 
and  absolutely  our  establishment  at  Nutka  to  the  English  ;  for  according 
to  everything  I  have  been  able  to  understand  and  discover  about  the 
ideas  of  the  English  commander,  Vancouver,  and  his  emisary,  Brough- 
ton,  their  desire  and  ambition  seems  to  be  to  raise  the  English  flag  in 
that  port  without  recognizing  the  flag  of  Spain  ;  and  this  rather  impelled 
by  a  spirit  of  vainglory  to  uphold  a  claim  which  has  been  controverted, 
into  a  point  of  honor,  than  for  real  interest  and  advantages  to  be  derived, 
which  in  truth  are  very  problematic  so  far  as  they  have  reference  to  the 
fur  trade. 

260.  In  J  205,  I  stated  that  the  English  had  gathered  the  first  fruits  ; 
in  efiiect,  diffierent  merchants  of  that  nation,  residents  of  the  East  Indies, 
fitted  out  in  1 786  two  vessels  and  placing  same  in  charge  of  the  lieutenant 
of  the  navy,  John  Mears,  traded  during  that  year  and  the  next. 

26 1 .  When  Mears  undertook  his  second  expedition ,  he  entered  into  the 
port  of  San  Lorenzo  de  Nutka.  For  the  purpose  of  facilitating  his  trade 
with  the  Indians  (and  also  to  be  better  able  to  defend  himself  against 
the  natives  and  the  inclement  weather)  he  considered  it  convenient  to 
reside  ashore.  For  this  object  he  choose  a  small  piece  of  land,  fenced  it  in, 
within  the  stockade  built  a  house  or  temporary  shelter,  and  raised  the 
English  flag. 

262.  It  may  have  happened,  as  this  officer  avows  in  the  diary  of  his 
voyage,  that  Macuma,  cacique,  chief  or  headman  of  the  natives  inhabit- 
ing the  district  of  Nutka,  sold  him  that  piece  of  land  whereon  Mears 
built  said  provisional  hut ;  but  it  is  also  certain  that  the  same  Indian  in 
his  voluntary  statement  made  by  him  in  the  presence  of  witnesses 
worthy  of  faith,  insisted  he  had  never  made  any  such  sale  or  donation. 

263.  Notwithstanding  this,  let  it  be  supposed  that  the  English  have  a 
just  right  to  the  establishment  acquired  by  Mears,  and  consequently 


288  LAND    OF  SUNSHINE, 

there  seems  to  be  no  difficulty  in  complying  with  the  last  convention 
made  between  our  court  and  that  of  Saint  James,  about  returning  to  the 
English  all  of  which  they  had  possession  in  April,  1789. 

264.  To  carry  this  stipulation  into  effect,  the  captain  of  the  first- 
class,  don  Juan  de  la  Bodega  y  Cuadra,  known  as  an  honorable  and  intel- 
ligent gentleman,  was  chosen  and  appointed.  His  orders  were  to  pro- 
ceed promptly  to  Nutka  ;  to  treat  with  the  commissioner  of  the  court  of 
Saint  James,  to  deliver  unto  him  the  part  belonging  to  the  English,  and 
to  settle  amicably  whatsoever  difficulty  might  arise. 

265.  The  commander  of  the  Spanish  expedition  and  George  Van- 
couver, English  commissioner,  having  met  at  Nutka,  Cuadra  fitly  judged 
that  his  first  step,  considering  the  spirit  of  the  treaty,  should  be  to 
inform  or  state  to  the  English  the  boundaries  of  the  lands  corresponding 
to  each.  But  Vancouver,  who  possibly  could  find  no  ground  upon  which 
to  take  possession  of  all  the  buildings  and  territories  as  he  had  been 
commanded  by  his  court,  answered  that  his  orders  stated  that  full  sur- 
render of  all  the  territory  and  port  of  San  lyorenzo  should  be  made  to 
him,  and  that  his  instructions  did  not  authorize  him  to  enter  into  dis- 
cussions about  the  legitimacy  of  these  rights. 

266.  Howsoever  these  orders  may  have  been  dictated,  they  are  open 
to  the  suspicion  either  that  the  English  had  very  little  knowledge  about 
the  places  claimed  by  them,  or  that  they  desired  to  acquire  what  was  not 
theirs,  but  which  might  be  useful.  Cuadra,  with  the  object  of  conserv- 
ing harmony  and  of  proving  to  the  court  of  Saint  James  our  sincerity, 
was  inclined  to  yield  to  every  reasonable  claim,  and  gave  to  understand, 
as  it  seems,  that  he  was  ready  to  comply  with  Vancouver's  request. 

267.  The  English  commander,  satisfied  and  pleased  with  this  com- 
plaisance, made  his  plans  for  placing  a  guard  at  the  establishment  sur- 
rendered to  him  and  to  continue  on  his  voyage.  He  ordered  that  the 
**  Dedalo"  should  be  unloaded,  and  the  cargo  and  ammunition  deposited 
in  the  warehouses.  But  after  Vancouver's  crew  had  been  engaged  in 
this  work  for  a  few  days,  the  commander,  don  Juan  de  la  Cuadra, 
changed  his  mind,  thinking  he  had  exceeded  his  powers,  and  con- 
sidered it  safer  to  acknowledge  his  error  than  to  continue  a  procedure 
contrary  to  the  true  spirit  of  his  instructions. 

268.  Therefore  he  informed  Vancouver,  that  having  maturely  con- 
sidered the  orders  given  him  for  complying  with  his  mission,  he  thought 
he  could  venture  to  surrender  to  him  absolutely  the  port  of  Nutka  and 
the  territories  of  its  districts,  but  only  place  him,  Vancouver,  in  pos- 
session of  that  part  which  had  been  obtained  or  acquired  by  Mears  and 
whereon  the  abandoned  hut  had  been  built. 

269.  Still  Cuadra  proposed  that,  Vancouver  being  convinced  of  the 
right  which  the  English  nation  had  to  the  whole  district  and  exclusively 
to  the  port  of  Nutka,  he  would  at  once  place  the  whole  temporarily 
under  his  orders,  and  formal  surrender  thereof  should  be  made  as  soon 
as  their  sovereigns  should  decide  upon  this  point. 

270.  The  English  commander  could  well  have  afforded  to  accept  this 
provisional  cession,  but  he  did  not  deem  it  convenient ;  yet  he  is  entitled 
to  some  excuse  for  his  apparent  displeasure  when  Cuadra  informed  him 
of  his  new  decision,  by  reason  of  the  loss  of  time  and  useless  work 
suffered  by  his  crews  in  unloading  and  loading  the  *'  Dedalo,"  and  also 
because  this  delay  compelled  him  to  return  next  year,  in  case  our  court 
should  decide  to  surrender  the  whole  of  the  district  and  the  harbor  of 
Nutka. 

271.  This  commander  has  had  no  reasons  for  exaggerating  what  he 
supposes  himself  to  have  suffered,  nor  yet  for  saying  that  my  orders  to 
don  Juan  de  la  Cuadra  were  obscure,  because  these  instructions  agree 
and  are  in  conformity  with  the  sovereign  commands  of  the  king.  If 
Vancouver  was  firmly  convinced  of  England's  legitimate  right  to  the 
territory  and  port  of  Nutka,  and  that  this  would  be  the  final  decision. 


EARLY   CALIFORNIA.  289 

then  he  could  have  easily  agreed  to  the  provisional  surrender  proposed 
to  him. 

272.  After  all,  if  Cuadra's  change  compelled  Vancouver  to  delay  his 
stay  in  Nutka  and  to  impose  work  upon  the  ciews,  which  of  his  own 
accord  he  discharged,  it  also  afforded  the  English  commander  an  oppor- 
tunity for  reconnoitering  the  posts  of  San  Francisco  and  Monterey,  for 
providing  himself  with  fresh  supplies  not  obtainable  in  the  Sandwich 
Islands,  and  for  resting  his  men  without  the  fears  and  precaution  which 
communication  with  those  islanders  awaken . 

273.  Finally  the  delay  of  one  year  in  his  expedition,  about  which 
Vancouver  complains,  seems  to  me  to  be  without  foundation,  because 
he  could  neither  know  the  time  required  for  examining  the  coast,  nor 
the  point  from  which  he  could  start  on  his  return  to  Europe. 

274.  All  the  foregoing  demonstrates  clearly  the  true  designs  of  the 
British,  and  still  more,  knowing,  as  is  evident,  that  the  profits  which 
can  come  from  the  possession  of  Nutka  are  very  precarious,  because  the 
English  cannot  now  hope  that  this  locality  will  become  the  trade  cen- 
ter for  otter  skins,  where  they  may  have  facilities  for  acquiring  from 
the  Indians  large  quantities  thereof,  for  the  reason,  that  the  bulk  of 
this  kind  of  furs  comes  from  the  interior,  and  that  at  the  present  time 
the  Nutka  Indians  have  hardly  any  intercourse  with  the  Nuchimases. 

275.  Formerly  the  channel  of  Fuca  was  unknown,  and  consequently 
the  vessels  did  not  go  up  by  the  northern  outlet  to  the  '*  rancherias  "  of 
the  Nuchimases,  who,  not  being  able  to  dispose  directly  of  their  mer- 
chandise, were  compelled  to  sell  same  to  the  Indians  of  Nutka,  ex- 
pressly occupied  in  this  trade.  But  now  the  vessels  visit  those  ranch- 
erias and  trade  directly  with  the  Indians. 

276.  I  have  mentioned  briefly  these  points  so  as  to  prove  that  if  the 
BCnglish  nation,  in  the  hope  of  continuing  without  loss  in  the  fur  trade, 
or  for  other  reasons,  whose  dangers  would  be  greater  to  us  if  their  set- 
tlements should  be  nearer  to  ours  of  the  Californias,  desires  to  sustain 
as  a  point  of  honor  the  possession  of  the  establishment  of  San  Lorenzo 
de  Nutka,  then  it  seems  to  me  that  we  should  be  greatly  gratified  in 
having  the  best  of  opportunities  in  selling  to  them  as  a  favor  our  com- 
plaisance to  their  pretentions.  Because  those  possessions  far  from 
being  useful  to  us,  will  be  the  cause  of  heavy  expenses  and  damages 
against  which  we  must  guard. 

The  Propositions  are  Ratified  and  the  Report  Brought 

to  an  End. 

277.  In  my  opinion,  the  dangers  which  threaten  the  peninsula  of 
the  Californias  and  the  rest  of  the  Spanish  possessions  situated  on  the 
coasts  of  the  South  Sea,  can  be  avoided  if  the  measures  contained  in 
these  five  propositions  (and  which  I  have  tried  to  prove  in  this  diffuse 
report)  are  carried  out. 

278  I  now  arrive  at  its  conclusion,  and  hope  that  Your  Excellency 
will  receive  it  as  proof  of  my  zeal,  love  and  profound  acknowledgment 
of  the  sovereign  virtues  of  the  King,  informing  His  Majesty  of  the 
contents,  so  that  he  may  advise  me  of  his  royal  pleasure.  God,  etc. , 
etc.     Mexico,  April  12,  1793. 

The  Count  de  Rkvii,i.a.  Gigedo. 

This  is  a  true  copy  of  letter  number  162  of  the  correspondence  with 
the  government  at  Madrid  through  the  Secretary  of  State. 

So  I  certify.  Cari,os  Maria  de  BuSTamanTE. 


IN  THE 

LION'S  DEN 


g??JA<;:?^'rwa;>fe^;^^^r^ 


A  MUCH  It  might  not  be  so  dazzling  a  form  of  conquest,  but  it  would 

BETTER  cost  Icss    and  leave  a    better  taste  in  the  mouth  if   Uncle 

INVESTMENT.  Sam  would  "liberate"  the  arid  lands  of  the  West. 
There  is  an  area  many  times  as  large  as  the  whole  Philippine 
archipelago,  right  here  inside  his  own  fences,  which  he  could 
convert  from  desert  into  good  homes  for  twenty  million  Americans. 
He  wouldn't  have  to  crowd  anyone  out,  the  campaign  would 
make  no  widows  and  orphans  (though  it  would  make  no  generals"), 
and  he  would  be  getting  something  for  his  money — as  now  he  is 
not.  The  old  gentleman  used  to  have  a  reputation  for  being  a  pretty 
good  hand  at  a  bargain.  If  the  West  can  nudge  him  sufficiently  on  this 
point — and  it  is  now  rather  planning  to  try — it  will  be  doing  a  service  as 
great  to  Uncle  Sam  as  to  itself.  It  is  time  for  a  concerted  movement 
for  the  development  of  our  own  country.  It  is  a  better  country  than 
the  ones  we  are  gunning  after — better  for  Americans,  at  any  rate.  It 
will  support  two  hundred  million  people  before  it  is  as  crowded  as  the 
Philippines  are  now.  And  water  will  earn  a  good  deal  more  in  the 
West  than  gunpowder  will  among  the  heathen,  as  a  business  invest- 
ment. 


LITTLE 

JOHNNY'S 

i^SOP. 

thoress 
Rescue 
gested 


A  Devoted  Son  was  considerably  Chagrined  to  see  Fire  break 
out  in  a  Neighbor's  house  whither  his  Mother  had  gone  to  make 
a  Call.  It  went  against  his  Finer  Feelings  to  perceive  the  Au- 
of  his  Being  at  a  Third-story  window,  waving  Loudly  for 
His  Embarrassment  increased  when  the  absurd  Bystanders  sug- 
that  he  would  better  shin  up  the  fire-escape  and  bring  her 


Down. 

"That  is  all  very  well,"  he  replied  with  Dignity,  "for  you  people 
who  have  no  Real  Reverence  for  Women.  The  man  who  Lays  his  Hand 
on  them,  save  in  the  way  of  Base  Flattery,  is  a  Coward.  My  mother  has 
no  real  Business  up  there,  but  there  she  Is.  And  who  shall  Dare  to 
Haul  her  Down." 

Moral :    Any  place  is  good  enough  for  the  flag. 

MORE  A   Self-Respecting   Person    (and   Properly    so,    as  he  was  a 

LITTLE  Billionaire  and  of  enormous  Muscular  development)  seeing 

JOHNNY.  two  Newsboys  fighting  on  the  street,  felt  a  Humane  Impulse 
to  Pull  them  Apart.  Having  inherited  the  love  of  Fair  play,  he  took  the 
Bigger  boy  by  the  Scruff  of  the  neck  and  kicked  him  Four  Blocks.  But 
though  a  Champion  of  the  Downtrodden,  he  was  No  Fool.  Having  had 
a  Business  training  himself,  and  knowing  that  Some  Other  big  boy 
might  come  along  Any  Minute  and  bully  the  Poor  Little  Fellow  again, 
he  put  the  little  fellow's  Pennies  in  his  own  Pants  Pocket  where  they 
would  be  Safe,  and  tied  the  Little  Fellow  up  in  the  Dog  House,  where 
he  promised  to  Educate  him. 

"  Lemme  go  !  I  don't  want  to,"  cried  the  Ungrateful  brat.  But  the 
Good  Man  picked  up  a  Club  and  said,  soothingly  :  '*  Sh !  Sonny  ! 
You  don't  know  what's  Good  for  you.  Under  my  Enlightened  Rule 
you  will  enjoy  a  far  larger  Measure  of  Freedom  than  you  could  possi- 
'  |v  have  Running  around  the  Streets  by  yourself.     I  will  let  you  Sell 


IN    THE    LION'S   DEN.  291 

Papers,  and  I  will  take  Care  of  your  Money  for  you  ;  and  if  you  are  a 
Very  good  little  boy,  maybe  I'll  Adopt  you  some  day." 

Meantime  the  first  Bad  Boy  was  pulling  the  Hair  of  another  Smaller 
Fellow.  The  which  being  observed  by  the  Self-Respecting  person,  he 
Flew  to  the  Rescue.  "Kick  him.  Sonny!  "  he  cried.  **  When  I  get 
there  I'll  teach  him  to  Weylerize  the  Helpless  !  "  And  he  laid  the  Bad 
boy  out  with  a  punch  in  the  Belt. 

The  Small  One  danced  with  Glee,  crying  :  "  Didn't  we  Do 
him!"  But  his  Deliverer  answered  :  "  We  nothing  !  /  did  it.  It's 
my  Mission  to  Relieve  the  Oppressed.  Here,  let  me  take  Care  of  your 
Papers  for  you." 

The  Small  One  put  his  Thumb  up  to  see  if  his  Nose  was  still  On, 
and  threw  a  pebble  at  the  Good  Man,  who  thereupon  sprang  upon  him 
and  Smote  him,  and  kept  smiting.  About  half  who  saw  the  scrap  said  : 
"  Oh,  let  the  kid  go  and  play."  But  the  Self-Respecting  person  had 
his  temper  Wxth  him.  **  I  don't  Like  the  Job,"  he  confessed,  "  for  this 
brat  is  only  70  pounds  and  I'm  at  240.  But  I  owe  a  Duty  to  Humanity. 
There  has  not  been  a  Moment  when  I  could  have  Retired  with  Honor. 
If  I  let  him  Up,  he'll  think  I'm  Afraid  of  him.  Besides,  he  isn't  Fit  to 
run  around  Alone,  and  if  I  don't  take  care  of  him  some  Unprincipled 
Person  will  certainly  Hurt  him  and  take  away  his  Hard-earned  Pennies. 
I've  got  to  Pound  him  till  he  Squeals,  for  I  feel  Responsible  to  Civiliz- 
ation for  him." 

This  fable  teaches  how  unwise  it  is  to  be  Smaller  than  your  Bene- 
factor. 

Roosevelt  for  Vice-President  ?  When  someone  gets  up  San  those 
Juan  Hill  ahead  of  him  !     As  '*  Teddy  "  is  not  dead  yet,  there  unselfish 

need  be  no  hurry  about  burying  him.     Historically,  that  is  S0UL8 

what  the  Vice  Presidency  means.  It  is  the  political  grave.  And  that 
fact  is  no  stranger  to  the  very  kind  gentlemen  to  whom  "Teddy  "  is  the 
Handwriting  on  the  Wall,  and  who  have  no  other  polite  hope  of  eras- 
ing him.  Roosevelt  has  nothing  to  drive  him  to  suicide  ;  and  as  he 
is  not  many  kinds  of  a  fool  he  doubtless  will  not  be  led. 

Certainly  no  one  can  accuse  the  Youth's  Companion  of  lodging      opinions 
incendiary  opinions.     Its  most  structural  characteristic,  per-  of  a 

haps,  is  a  conservatism  so  serious  as  sometimes  to  verge  on  conservative 

timidity.  It  has  something  like  three-quarters  of  a  million  subscribers 
and  several  million  readers  ;  being  far  ahead,  in  circulation,  of  any 
other  publication  in  America.  It  has  won  this  vast  commercial  suc- 
cess in  every  State  in  the  Union,  by  taking  the  last  pains  not  to  offend 
anyone.  So  it  means  something  when  the  Youth's  Companion  says 
editorially  (in  its  issue  of  Sept.  7) : 

"  It  is  a  matter  of  common  comment  that  the  people  are  tired  of  the  conflict  [in  the 
Philippines]  and  wish  to  see  it  ended.  Those  who  regard  the  war  as  an  immoral  at- 
tack upon  a  people    .     .     .    have  been  reinforced  by  politicians  who  think  they  see 

...  an  opportunity  for  party  success.  Besides  .  ,  .  many  supporters  of  the 
administration  are  apprehensive  lest  their  political  opponents  are  correct  in  their  esti- 
mate of  the  eflfect  of  the  war  upon  future  elections.  On  the  other  side  there  is  no  en- 
thusiasm for  the  war.  It  is  merely  regarded  as  a  painful  national  duty.  .  .  .  Carry- 
ing on  a  distant  war  ...  is  new  business  to  the  American  people.  They  do  not 
like  it,  and  only  accept  its  cruel,  distasteful  burdens  when  they  must." 

The  proposition  to  set  aside  as  a  national  park  the  wonderful  a  test 
Petrified  Forest  near  Holbrook,  Ariz.,  should  be  carried  out —  OF  our 

and  will  be,  unless  in  our  zeal  to  convert  the  heathen  we  are  giviuzation 

going  to  turn  heathen  ourselves.  There  are  many  "petrified  forests  " 
in  the  Southwest ;  but  that  marvelous  area  strewn  with  logs  and  chips 
of  agate  and  chalcedony  and  amethyst  is  incomparably  the  finest  on 
earth.  It  is  rapidly  being  despoiled  by  relic-seekers  and  money-grub- 
bers. What  they  could  readily  carry  off,  of  this  heavy  material,  would 
not  count  so  fast  in  a  deposit  so  enormous ;  but  vandals  are  even  blow- 


292  LAND   OF  SUNSHINE. 

ing  up  "logs "  of  ten  tons  of  agate  to  get  a  fist-size  specimen  from  the 
heart.  There  is  a  great  deal  more  in  New  Mexico  and  Arizona  which  a 
civilized  gorernment  should  preserve — like  "  Inscription  Rock  "  and  the 
chief  ruins  of  the  cave- villages  and  cliff-dwellings,  the  monuments  of 
**the  Cities  that  were  Forgotten"  on  the  plains  of  Gran  Quivira,  the 
matchless  Natural  Bridge  of  Arizona,  and  so  on.  But  it  can  make  a 
good  beginning  at  the  Petrified  Forest.  Unless  these  steps  are  taken 
soon,  our  posterity  will  wonder  what  colossal  conceit  made  their  philis- 
tine  forefathers  account  themselves  civilized.  The  scrubbiest  nation 
takes  better  care  of  these  things  than  we  do.  Mexico,  Peru,  even  Spain, 
protect  their  antiquities,  governmentally.  We  do  not.  Isn*t  it  about 
time  we  began  to  catch  up  ?  While  it  is  very  glorious  to  know  that  we 
can  "  lick  "  them,  there  might  also  be  some  quiet  satisfaction  in  know- 
ing that  we  were  more  intellectual. 

If**  adopted,"  President  McKinley  will  be  the  Sixteenth  Amendment 
to  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States. 

LET  us  It  would  be  comic,  if  it  were  not  so  tragically  serious,  to  ob- 

LEARN  serve  how  few  Americans  today  really  know  anything  about 

TO  READ.  the  Declaration  of  Independence  or  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States — except  the  names.  Not  one  voter  in  a  hundred  can 
give  a  reasonably  intelligent  summary,  even,  of  the  contents  of  those 
fundamental  documents ;  not  one  voter  in  a  thousand  can  quote  a  par- 
agraph. Not  only  the  noblest  and  wisest  creed  ever  devised  by  patriots, 
but  the  actual  charter  and  explanation  of  our  government,  these 
papers  have  become  mere  curios.  Everyone  has  heard  of  them,  very 
few  know  what  they  are.  Very  few  care  to  know.  They  might  about 
as  well  be  the  hotel  rules  bannered  inside  a  room,  which  no  guest  reads. 
And  this  is  what  we  fondly  believe  to  be  the  smartest  and  most  business- 
like nation  on  earth  ! 

THERE'S  NO  There  seems  to  be  a  wholly  un-American  impression  among 

GETTING  some  certain  people  who  believe  themselves  very  good  citizens, 

OUT  OF  IT.  that  an  American  has  no  business  to  discuss  politics.  It  is  a  fact 
so  sure  and  clear  that  no  sane  man  dare  dispute  when  he  stops  to  face  it, 
that  while  despots  very  kindly  save  their  subjects  the  brainfag  of  worry- 
ing about  politics,  a  republic  rests  wholly  on  the  responsibility  of  every 
voter  to  bear  his  share  of  the  government.  When  |)eople  are  too  lazy, 
too  cowardly  or  too  fastidious  to  •*  meddle  "  with  their  own  government, 
they  have  ceased  to  be  fit  citizens  of  a  republic.  When  a  majority  of 
them  lose  the  ability  or  the  care,  then  the  republic  is  no  longer.  It  is 
definitely  launched  to  some  new  sea — of  despotism,  of  militarism,  of 
heelerocracy,  or  whatever  its  tendency  may  be.  But  the  United  States 
has  not  yet  ceased  to  be  a  republic.  The  people  are  still  the  govern- 
ment ;  the  administration  is  simply  a  servant  hired  for  four  years,  hon- 
ored by  having — and  honored  because  it  has — charge  of  the  house  sub- 
ject to  its  employer's  will.  It  cannot  even  recommend  its  own  successor 
as  house-keeper ;  it  can  even  be  turned  out  of  the  house  before  it  has 
served  the  time  for  which  it  was  hired.  To  pretend  that  the  master  of 
the  house  has  no  right  to  criticise  the  servant  is  to  betray  absolute  igno- 
rance of  the  American  form  of  government  and  of  all  others. 

Now,  any  government  has  to  think.  A  government  under  one  hat 
can  think  in  silence  ;  a  republic  can  think  only  by  discussion.  And 
that  is  the  way  this  republic  always  has  thought.  It  is  the  way  it 
learned  to  think  Negro  slavery  wrong — after  nearly  100  years  of  deem- 
ing it  "all  right"  and  "the  will  of  God."  It  is  the  way  it  came  to 
think  of  the  Republican  party  and  Abraham  Lincoln.  It  is  the  way  it 
came  to  think  of  everything  it  has  ever  done  —  except  the  Philippine 
war,  the  only  large  national  act  in  which  the  people  or  Congress  were 
never  consulted.  It  is  the  way  it  will  do  everything  as  long  as  it  re- 
mains a  republic. 


IN    THE   LION'S   DEN.  293 

This  being  the  case,  it  is  every  citizen's  duty  to  know  what  is  going 
on,  to  form  the  most  intelligent  opinion  he  can,  and  to  discuss  matters 
of  public  policy  in  whatsoever  forum  is  at  his  command.  It  may  be 
easier  or  more  politic  to  shut  his  mouth  and  let  someone  else  think  for 
him  or  let  things  go  by  default ;  but  it  is  not  his  duty  as  an  American 
citizen.  He  may  blind  himself  with  "  party  fealty  "  (and  many  noble 
men  do)  ;  he  may  shirk  it  for  laziness  or  cowardice  (and  so  do  many  who 
are  not  noble) ;  but  if  he  is  the  full  stature  of  an  American  he  will  know 
his  part  and  take  it,  at  any  cost. 

Nor  is  there  any  disability  clause.  Clergymen,  magazine  editors,  col- 
lege professors— even  these  are  American  citizens.  And  it  is  well  that 
they  be.  Their  profession  does  not  acquit  them  of  the  duties  of  citizen- 
ship. And  no  man  who  at  all  understands  the  American  genius  wishes 
them  acquitted.  They  must  not  skulk  behind  the  petticoats  of  their 
profession  and  beg  oflf  from  the  plain  duties  of  a  citizen  as  if  they  were 
more  sacred  clay,  and  exempt  from  plain  men's  responsibilities.  Priv- 
ileged classes  do  not  belong  in  a  republic.  Every  back  is  entitled  to  the 
common  burden  of  the  patriot.  We  may  all  make  mistakes  in  bearing 
it ;  but  to  a  democracy  no  other  mistake  is  so  fatal  as  the  idea  that  we 
can  get  rid  of  it. 

And  it  is  noticeable  that  we  never  virtuously  reprove  editors,  profes- 
sors or  clergymen  who  "go  outside  their  calling"  (as  the  thoughtless 
say)  to  favor  our  side  of  the  question.  Their  impertinence  becomes 
evident  only  when  they  oppose  us.  Yet  only  an  ignoramus  is  unaware 
that  the  Opposition  is  the  safety  of  all  governments. 

The  administration  newspapers  are  all  trembling  (but  mighty      what 
secretly)  for  Admiral  Dewey's  sanity.     How  does  he  dare  dis-  dewey 

pute  the  wise  reporter  and  the  editorial  hack,  who  have  as-  says. 

sured  us,  rather  hysterically,  that  the  Filipinos  are  savages,  Aguinaldo  a 
selfish  despot,  and  the  whole  lot  saved  from  killing  one  another  only 
by  our  Christian  kindness  in  killing  them  ;  and  that  everyone  who 
wished  to  give  these  poor  devils  a  show  is  a  "copperhead"  and  a 
"traitor?" 

In  the  August  *'Den"  were  printed  some  of  Dewey's  official  words  to 
the  Secretary  of  the  Navy.  Here  follows  the  pith  of  what  he  says  to 
the  London  Bai/y  News  : 

••  I  know  the  Filipinos  intimately,  and  they  know  I  am  their  friend. 
.  ,  .  The  Filipinos  are  capable  of  governing  themselves  ;  they  have  all 
qualifications  for  it.  .  .  .  I  have  never  been  in  favor  of  violence  towards 
the  Filipinos.  The  islands  are  at  this  moment  blockaded  by  a  fleet, 
and  war  reigns  in  the  interior.  This  abnormal  state  of  affairs  should 
cease.  ...  I  should  like  to  see  autonomy  first  conceded  ;  and  then  an- 
nexation might  be  talked  about.  I  should  like  to  see  violence  at  once 
put  a  stop  to.  According  to  my  view,  the  concession  of  self-govern- 
ment ought  to  be  the  most  just  and  the  most  logical  solution." 

Can  this  be  the  real  reason  why  Cousin  George  is  coming  home  ?  And 
do  you  see  the  administration  papers  printing  his  words  ?  Not  much  ! 
The  readers  who  are  so  unlucky  as  to  read  nothing  else  do  not  dream  of 
the  size  nor  the  authority  of  the  opposition  to  the  war.  As  someone 
has  well  said  :  **  an  'organ'  is  valuable  to  an  administration  not  for 
what  it  prints  but  for  what  it  leaves  out." 

Meantime  the  American  people  are  not  borrowing  any  trouble  about 
George  Dewey's  sanity.  They  love  him  and  believe  in  him.  He  may 
think  with  or  against  the  administration — or  us — as  he  will ;  he  has 
quite  as  much  chance  to  know  the  islands  as  Prest.  McKinley  has,  and 
we  have  as  strict  confidence  in  his  honesty.  It  would  be  natural  for  a 
war  hero — its  greatest  hero— to  believe  in  the  war.  If  Dewey  doesn't, 
so  much  the  worse  for  the  stay-at-homes  who  do. 

ChAS.   F.   lyUMMIS. 


294 


THAT 
WHICH  IS 


WRITTDM 


HIS 


It  is  rarely  that  we  can  add  a  new  bead 
to  the  rosary  of  "classics.*'  The  printing 
press  has  become  a  disease.  Every  year  some- 
thing like  3500  new  books  befall  us.  Of  these,  maybe  (in 
a  good  year)  one  hundred  are  really  admirable,  two  or 
three  times  as  many  are  probably  worth  while.  Probably  not  much 
more  than  six-sevenths  of  the  annual  new  books  are  practically  worth- 
less. But  we  are  in  great  luck  if  among  the  best  books  of  two  or  three 
years  we  find  one  genuine  classic.  That  is  an  elusive  word,  compact  of 
so  many  and  so  rare  qualities  !  So  much  literature  comes  so  close  to  its 
fence  that  in  the  contemporary  glance  we  count  it  inside — and  so  little 
literature  ever  really  gets  there  ! 

I  do  not  believe,  however,  that  there  can  be  any  serious  doubt  that 
Ernest  Seton  Thompson's  Wild  Animals  I  Have  Known  will  stand  the 
long  test.  Here  are  the  classic  grace,  simplicity  and  fancy  ;  above  all, 
they  body  the  classic  spirit.  They  are  not  polishings  of  the  trivial  nor 
the  provincial ;  they  are  as  elemental  as  the  hates  and  loves  and  hopes 
and  fears  which  we  call  "  human,"  indeed,  but  which  are  in  fact 
animal.  A  man  must  have  brains  and  experience  to  realize  this  ;  but 
Mr.  Thompson  has  both.  As  he  truly  observes,  man  has  no  qualifica- 
tion the  beasts  do  not  in  some  degree  share  ;  nor  the  beasts  any  trait 
which  is  not  in  man.  And  from  this  primal  wisdom  Mr.  Thompson 
has  gone  forth  into  paths  of  detail  of  rare  beauty  and  truth.  His  book 
takes  rank  at  once  with  Rab  and  the  Jungle  Stories,  than  which  no  more 
could  be  said.  It  is  the  kind  of  a  book  no  American  child  should  be 
deprived  of;  and  one  person  who  has  grown  hard  with  the  frontier  is 
sorry  for  the  man  who  does  not  melt  to  it.  **  The  King  of  Currumpaw" 
is  the  greatest  wolf  in  literature  except  Akela  ;  and  '*  Raggylug  "  the 
most  notable  rabbit,  not  excepting  the  bunny  of  Wonderland ; 
and  "Vixen"  a  figure  never  to  be  forgotten,  mother- fox  as  she 
was  ;  and  "Bingo  "  and  "  WuUy  "  and  "  Redruff""  are  worthy  of  their 
company.  As  for  **  the  Pacing  Mustang,"  there  is  no  nobler  horse  on 
any  page. 

The  dress  is  worthy  of  so  fine  a  book  ;  an  ornament  to  any  shelf — as 
the  contents  are  a  grace  to  any  mind.  Mr.  Thompson's  own  illustra- 
tions (he  is  admitted  the  foremost  living  illustrator  of  animals)  adorn 
nearly  every  page.  But  his  great  triumph  is  that  he  has  drawn  the 
Four-feet  in  such  words  that  rough  hunter  and  cold  naturalist  and 
tender  child  all  know  that  it  is  not  only  beautiful  but  true.  Chas. 
Scribner's  Sons,  New  York.    $2. 

Why  a  man  who  can  write  such  stories  as  the  first  four  in  The 
Lion  and  the  Unicorn  should  ever  attempt  martial  and  other 
ELEMENT.  fields  to  him  unripe,  is  one  of  the  things  no  fellow  can  find 

out.  These  pages  have  more  than  once  said  severe  things  of  Richard 
Harding  Davis  ;  and  all  intentionally.  But  that  is  only  when  he  med- 
dles with  things  que  no  le  toe  an.  As  a  writer  of  short  stories,  he  has  few 
equals.  If  the  precise  knowledge  which  must  inform  a  book  of  wars 
or  travel  be  outside  his  equipment,  he  has  just  the  hand  for  proper 
short  stories.    He  knows  people — in  his  orbit — and  a  great  deal  of  the 


THAT  WHICH    IS   WRITTEN.  295 

world  as  fashionables  know  it.  He  has  a  very  fine  sense  of  construc- 
tion and  treatment,  and  an  unusual  aptitude  in  the  word.  It  is  a  rare 
gift  to  write  such  tales  as  have  made  him  famous,  and  he  would  do  well 
to  tie  by  it. 

The  title  story  in  this  present  book,  and  "  On  the  Fever  Ship,"  are 
admirably  human  documents.  "The  Man  with  One  Talent,"  though 
marred  with  Mr.  Davis's  pattern  of  travel,  is  a  strong  thing  ;  and  *'The 
Vagrant"  has  attractions.  The  last  head  in  the  book  is  apparently  a 
"  filler  "  only.  It  does  not  belong  here  ;  nor,  apparently,  anywhere 
else  in  steady  type.  But  the  collection  as  a  whole  is  Davis  at  his  best 
side — and  that  is  always  delightful.  Chas.  Scribner's  Sons,  New  York. 
$1.25. 

The  wide  and  merited  success  of  Horace  Annesley  Vachell's      more 
Procession  of  Lift  %\v^&  new  interest  to  his  work;  and  there  California 

will  doubtless  be  welcome  for  his  A  Drama  in  Sunshine^  an-  op  vache.l 

other  strong  novel  of  California,  reprinted  from  an  edition  of  last  year. 

Not  so  compact  nor  so  convincing  as  its  predecessor,  this  story  is  more 
stirring  with  adventure.  A  land-l^om  and  a  Mussel  Slough  feud  with 
the  evicted  squatters  are  the  general  stage-setting  ;  against  which  a 
dozen  characters,  in  Mr.  Vachell's  recognizable  hand,  love,  hate,  in- 
trigue, swindle,  stab,  hang,  and  get  shot. 

Mr.  Vachell's  work  is  good.  His  plot  is  well  within  the  limits  of  the 
law,  and  is  worked  out  conscientiously  and  without  hitch.  Such  things 
have  happened  in  California.  He  has,  too,  without  the  master's  hand,  a 
good  hold  upon  his  characters.  He  cares  for  them — and  they  care  for 
him.  They  have  verisimilitude  and  vitality  ;  and  though  often  a  little 
overdrawn,  and  without  the  quickest  instinct  of  "enough ! "  they  do  not 
go  beyond  patience.  "Chillingworth"  is  doubtless  the  best  conception 
in  the  book,  with  his  strength  and  weakness,  his  rise  and  fall  and 
getting  up  again.  But  "Damaris"  and  "Joan"  and  "Casanegra" — 
even  "Mellish"  and  "Nora" — are  good  company,  and  the  story  is  no- 
where laggard. 

Mr.  Vachell's  rather  blighted  affection  for  California  (that  is,  San 
Francisco  and  Santa  Barbara)  is  neither  to  be  wondered  at  nor  harshly 
judged.  He  is  English — and  that  is  a  great  gulf  fixed  between  the  twain, 
bravely  as  his  climatic  approval  doth  bridge  it.  Were  it  not  for  this 
natal  accident,  he  might  find  the  material  for  his  final  masterpiece  in  a 
novel  of  the  (average)  Britisher  in  California.  It  has  the  making  of 
the  most  humorous,  the  most  pathetic,  the  gentlest  yet  the  most  sar- 
castic fiction  yet  written  in  the  West — almost,  in  fact,  of  The  American 
Novel,  from  which  it  should  fall  short  only  by  its  geographic  limitations. 
Mr.  Vachell,  of  course,  will  not  write  it ;  nor  do  I  know  quite  who  may. 
But  so  long  as  he  gives  us  novels  up  to  these  two,  we  shall  not  blame 
him  that  he  leaves  the  moon  unplucked.  The  Macmillan  Co.,  66  Fifth 
Avenue,  New  York.     |1.50. 

A  civil  engineer  with  unmistakable  literary  turn,  Wolcott  Le      the 
Clear  Beard  has  built  some  irrigating  reservoirs  in  the  South-  mythical 

west,  and  now  presents  a  book  often  very  clever  vStories  of  front  itR 

New  Mexico  and  Arizona,  under  title  Sand  and  Cactus.  Those  are  evi- 
dently the  features  Mr.  Beard  saw  most  of  in  his  professional  way ;  the 
things  he  heard  after  the  day's  work  were  of  "tough"  people  wholly— 
"tin-horns,"  devil-may-care  cowboys,  saloon-throned  Bad  Men,  irre- 
deemable Mexicans,  and  all  the  other  familiar  "properties"  which  every 
visitor  hears.  The  large  advantage  of  Mr.  Beard  is  that  he  has  the  Gift ; 
and  that  instead  of  parroting  these  familiar  inventions  he  makes  a  new 
painting  of  their  colors.  His  constructive  skill  is  excellent,  his  char- 
acterization quick  and  graphic,  his  instinct  for  a  story  uncommonly 
good.  It  is  no  small  success  that  he  has  made  every  one  of  these  ten  a 
"rattling  good  story" — though  in  fact  nearly  every  one  is  decidedly  "too 


296  LAND    OF  SUNSHINE. 

good  to  be  true."  Without  Owen  Wister's  real  genius  for  grasping 
the  verities  of  things,  as  a  rule,  even  in  a  brief  acquaintance, 
Mr.  Beard  has  something  of  Wister's  imaginative  power.  If  his  char- 
acters are  mostly  drawn  from  the  Wild  West  vaudeville  instead  of  from 
life — and  ipuch  longer  and  rougher  experience  with  both  Territories  rec- 
ognizes very  few  familiar  faces  in  the  book — they  are  vital  on  the  printed 
page  ;  and  perhaps  that  is  enough.  The  engineers  are  real ;  some  of  the 
gamblers  fairly  so  ;  and  "Sheriff  Barton"  is  as  actual  as  he  is  amiable. 
The  rest  are  the  fine  old  "properties"  by  which  the  West  is  represented 
in  melodrama —  and  the  West's  own  fault,  for  it  never  tires,  even  yet,  of 
rehearsing  its  myths  to  every  willing  ear.  Few  indeed  hear  them  to  so 
good  advantage.  Even  those  who  have  seen  the  toughness  can  rarely 
turn  their  furniture  to  such  account.  And  while  one  might  not  recog- 
nize his  mother's  portrait,  he  can  admire  the  colorist — and  wish  she  did 
look  like  that. 

One  may  be  sorry  that  Mr.  Beard  did  not  find  anything  more  interest- 
ing or  more  accurate  in  the  Mexican  population  of  the  Territories,  in- 
stead of  swallowing  the  character  whole  from  the  border  tough.  But 
there  should  be  no  complaint  of  this.  The  Mexican  is  always  handy 
for  a  stage  villain,  though  not  strictly  original.  The  real  paisano  is  not 
so  picturesque  as  the  Wolfville  stuffed  type  ;  and  Mr.  Beard's  strength  is 
the  dramatic,  not  the  actual.  This  is  equally  visible  in  his  plots  ;  all  of 
which  are  well  taken — and  nearly  all  as  likely  as  a  fairy-tale.  Some 
would  be  absurd,  in  less  beguiling  hands  ;  but  the  author  has  the  trick 
of  entertaining  us  so  well  that  it  seems  ungrateful  to  smile  at  certain 
innoceneies. 

There  is  no  real  need,  however,  in  the  misspelling  of  latigo,  biznaga, 
"bronk,"  zahuaro  (here  steadily  "sujuarro  !  ")  and  the  like.  Certainly 
the  vulgar  term  "  Greaser  "  should  not  be  so  intimate  in  a  book  from 
this  firm.  It  is  a  word  confined  to  the  same  breeding  in  the  West  that 
is  gauged  by  the  use  of  "Nigger"  in  the  East;  a  sure  stamp  of  low 
breeding — or  of  a  **  tenderfoot " — and  as  ignorant  as  it  is  coarse.  It 
should  not  disfigure  later  editions — into  which  such  readable  stories  are 
reasonably  certain  to  run.     Chas.  Scribner's  Sons,  New  York.    $1.50. 

It  was  a  Boston  publication,  of  course,  which  gravely  announced 
in  a  recent  number  * '  the  instantaneous  photograph  showed 
that  not  a  single  sitter  had  moved." 

No  one  who  reads  it  ever  has'to  ask  "Is  Life  worth  living?"  The  wittiest  of  weeklies* 
it  is  also  a  stalwart  for  good  citizenship  and  humanity.  It  is  never  a  skulker,  never 
an  opportunist,  never  an  apologist.  Its  high  standards  of  morals  and  manners,  its 
courage  and  the  quality  of  its  edge  have  made  it  a  class  by  itself  among  the  "  humor- 
ous papers  "  of  the  world. 

The  union  of  the  successful  young  Doubleday  &  McClure  Co.  with  the  old  and  com- 
manding firm  of  Harper  &  Bros,  is  the  most  interesting  combination  in  the  history  of 
American  publishing.  It  should  be  good  for  both  parties  to  the  contract,  and  decidedly 
good  for  the  reading  public. 

"A  bird  in  the  bush  is  worth  two  in  the  hand,"  says  Bird-Lore,  the  competent  and 
beautiful  little  magazine  for  bird-lovers.  Which  is  very  true  of  the  large  study.  I,ife 
is  more  scientific  than  a  stuffed  skin,  as  well  as  more  beautiful.  Frank  M.  Chapman, 
Englewood,  N.  J.    |1  a  year, 

Chas.  A.  Keeler,  of  this  staff",  will  issue  at  once  with  Elder  &  Shepard,  San  Fran- 
cisco, A  First  Glance  at  the  Birds.  I^ater,  the  same  house  is  to  publish  his  complete 
Bird-Notes  Afield.  Mr.  Keeler's  popular  ornithology  is  authoritative  as  science  and 
full  of  poetic  sentiment. 

Bliss  Perry  has  come  into  the  editorship  of  the  Atlantic  Monthly,  the  quietest  maga- 
zine in  America  but  one  of  the  very  best. 

The  Southern  Pacific  Railway  issues  for  free  distribution  two  attractive  booklets, 
full  of  compact  information  and  pictures,  of  Wayside  Notes  Along  the  Sunset  Route,  and 
California  South  of  Tehachapi.  The  company's  regular  monthly  Sunset  is  well  known 
for  its  beautiful  illustrations. 

Chas.  F.  IvUMMIS. 


297 


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HElANDVy^lOVE 


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AND    HINTS  Of  WH/. 


......4 


C.  M.  Davis  Kng.  Co.         SOUTHERN    CAI.IFORNIA    '^WINTER."  ^^°^-  ^^  ^^""^^  ^-  ^'"'"'• 
Snow  on  the  peaks,  flowers  at  their  feet. 


C.  M.  Davis  Eng.  Co.  Photos,  by  Robert  Charlton. 

COMMENCEMENT  SCENES  AT  POMONA  COLLEGE. 

Wash  Exercises  — The  Procession  —  Planting  the  Tree. 


300 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


C.  M.  Davis  Eng.  Co.  Photo,  by  Robt  Chailton. 

POMONA   COLLEGK   COMMENCEMENT  —  AT  SCIENCE   HALL. 


30I 


It' 


CALIFORNIA  BABIES 


II      |!      II 


1*1 


C.  M.  Da»is  Eng.  Co. 


"me  and  jocko." 


Photo,  by  Robt.  Charlton. 


302 


LAND    OF  SUNSHINE. 


C.  M.  Davis  Eng.  Co. 


FEUCIDADES 


CM.  Davis  Enf.  Co.  <«j   ^ET    AI^ONG   SWIMMINGI^Y."  Photo,  by Schumacber, 


CALIFORNIA    BABIES. 


303 


C.  M.  Davis  Eng.  Co.  "  HOI<DING    MY    OWN."  Photo,  by  Schumacher. 


i!^ 


C.  M.  Davis  Enp.  C  > 


WILDFLOWERS. 


Photo,  by  Agnes  D.  Brown. 


^#^T._^»^  "^3 


lht>..> ^-J^t•.\^.    I.:  wii.T.ii  "N-         ~    I. 


C.  M.  Davis  Eng.  Cx  SUNSHINERS. 


when  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "saw  it  m  the  I^and  of  Sunshinb." 


'K|\l^) 


for  ^' 

people, 


DESSERTS , 


'''Taint  nun  too  much  cos  it's  Knoxes.'' 

IT'S  NOT  liTKE  PIE 

IT'S   HEAI.THY. 

Endorsed  by  all  users.  That  "  invaluable  little 
ceipt  book  "  sent  free  for  2c.  stamp.  Knox's 
parkling,  and  Knox's  Acidulated  Gela- 
iine  at  yourgrocers,  or  pint  sample,  postpaid,  5c. 
ink  Gelatine  with  every  package. 

C.  B.   KNOX,  Johnstown,  X.   Y. 


90%  OF  AMERICAN  WOMEN 

wash  dishes  three  times  each  day.  If  you 
are  one  of  these,  wear  a  pair  of  "  Good- 
year" Rubber  Gloves  and  always  have 
soft,  white  hands.  Sent  by  mail,  post- 
paid, on  receipt  of  $1.50.  Agents  wanted. 
Address  M.  O.  Dept., 

M.  F.  Reese  Supply  Co.,  Setauket,  N.  Y. 


ILL  develop  or  reduce 
any  part  of  the  body 

A  Perfect  Complexion  Beautifier 
and 

Remover  of  Wrinkles 

Dr.  John  Wilson  Gibbs' 

THE  ONLY 

Electric  Massage  Roller 

(Patented  United  States,   Europe, 
Canada.) 
"  Ks  work  is  not  confined  to  the 
-    -a^Bi-uass^^     face. alone,  but  will  do  good  to  any 
Trade-Mark  Registered.       part  of  the  body  to  which  it  is  ap- 
plied, developing  or  reducing  as  desired.     It  is  a  very  pretty 
addition  to  the  toilet-table." — Chicago  Tribune. 

"This  delicate  Electric  Beautifier  removes  all  facial  blemishes. 
It  is  the  only  positive  remover  of  wrinkles  and  crow's-feet  It 
never  fails  to  perform  all  that  is  expected." — Chieago  Times- 
Herald. 

"The  Electric  Roller  is  certainly  productive  of  good  results. 
I  believe  it  the  best  of  any  appliances     It  is  nafe  and  effective ." 
— Harriet  Hubbard  Aykr,  New  York  World. 

For  Massage  and  Curative  Purposes 

An  Electric  Roller  in  all  the  term  implies.  The  invention  of  a 
physician  and  electrician  known  throughout  this  country  and 
Europe.  A  most  perfect  complexion  beautifier  Will  remove 
wrinkles,  "crow's-feet"  (premature  or  from  age),  and  all  facial 
blemishes— POSITIVE.  Whenever  electricity  is  to  be  used  for 
massaging  or  curative  purposes,  it  has  no  equal.  No  charging. 
Will  last  forever.  Always  ready  for  use  on  ALL  PARTS  OF  THE 
BODY,  for  all  diseases.  For  Rheumatism,  Sciatica,  Neuralgia, 
Nervous  and  Circulatory  Diseases,  a  specific  The  professional 
standing  of  the  inventor  (you  are  referred  to  the  public  press 
for  the  past  fifteen  years),  with  the  approval  of  this  country 
and  Europe,  is  a  perfect  guarantee.  PRICE  :  Gold,  $4  00 ; 
Silver,  $8.00.  By  mail,  er  at  office  of  Gibbs'Company,  1370 
Broadway,  Nkw  York.     Circular  free. 

The  Only  Electric  Roller. 
All  others  so  called  are  Fraudulent  Imitations. 


Copyright.  Copyright. 

"Can  take  a  pound  a  day  off  a  patient,  or  put  it  on."— New 
York  Sun,  Aug.  30, 1891.  Send  for  lecture  on  "Great  Subject  of 
Fat."        NO  DIETING.        NO   HARD  WORK. 

Dr.  John  Wilson  Gibbs'  Obesity  Cure 

For  the  Permanent  Reduction  and  Cure  of  Obesity 

Purely  Vegetable.  Harmless  and  Positive.  NO  FAILURE.  Your 
reduction  is  assured— reduced  to  stay.  One-  month's  treatment 
$5.00.  Mail,  or  office,  1370  Broadway,  New  York  "On  obesity. 
Dr.  Gibbs  is  a  recognized  authority.— N.  Y.  Press,  1899." 

REDUCTION  GUARANTEED 

"The  cure  is  based  on  Nature's  laws."— New  York  Herald, 
July  9,  1893. 


QUALITY  IN  SHOES 


jajxiannnn/UTjuLnjinjTJULrujTrLD 

There  is  not  a  shoddy  pair  of  shoes  in  our  entire  stock.     Our 
name  is  stamped  on  every  shoe  we  sell,  and  we  propose  that  our 
name  shall  stand  for  good  quality,  fine  style  and  long  service. 
We  are  building  up  a  name,  not  excessive  profits,  and  for  that   5 
reason  you  are  sure  of  the  best  at  the  lowest  price. 


Tel.  Red  3441 

225  5outh  Broadway 

Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


m/uumnjuvinx 


C.  M.  Staub  5hoe  Co. 

Mail  Orders  Solicited 


ijijxnjiJinn/innixrifuiii/inxuiJxruxruiJTJiJinjTJxrui^ 


LnriruD 


Condensed  Information — Southern  California 


zr  ' 
iUFORNIA$ 

D«(ilfiNDSW[5, 

ILWY0RI\. 

WjtfiSLY, 


The  section  generally  known  as  South- 
ern California  comprises  the  seven  coun- 
ties of  Ivos  Angeles,  San  Bernardino, 
Orange,  Riverside,  San  Diego,  Ventura 
and  Santa  Barbara. 
The  total  area  of 
these  counties  is 
44,901  square 
miles.  The  coast 
line  extends  north- 
west and  southeast 
a  distance  of  about 
275  miles.  A 
$3,000,000  deep-sea 
harbor  is  now  un- 
der construction  at 
San  Pedro,  near 
Ivos  Angeles. 

The  orange  crop 
for  the  past  sea- 
son amounted  to 
$4,000,000.  $1,500,- 
000  of  petroleum 
is  produced  an- 
nually, and  large 
shipments  are 
made  of  sugar, 
vegetables,  beans, 
grain,  deciduous 
fruit,  honey,  wine, 
brandy,  wool, 
hides,  etc. 

Over  $20,000,000 
are  invested  in 
mining.  Thous- 
ands of  dollars  are 
brought  here  by 
tourists. 

The    population 
in    1890  was    201,- 
352.     The    present 
population  is  esti- 
mated at  350,000. 

Los  AngeIvES  county  has  an  area  of 
4,000  square  miles,  some  four-fifths  of 
which  is  capable  of  cultivation,  with 
water  siipplied.  The  shore  line  is  about 
85  miles  in  length.  The  population  has 
increased  from  33,881  in  1880  to  200,000. 
There  are  over  1 ,500,000  fruit  trees  grow- 
ing in  the  county.  Los  Angeles  city,  the 
commercial  metropolis  of  Southern  Cali- 
fornia, 15  miles  from  the  coast,  has  a 
population  of  about  115.000.  Eleven 
railroads  center  here.  The  street  car 
mileage  is  nearly  200  miles.  There  are 
over  175  miles  of  graded  and  graveled 
streets,  and  14  miles  of  paved  streets. 
The  city  is  entirely  lighted  by  electric- 
ity. Its  school  census  is  24,766  ;  bank 
deposits,  $12,000,000;  net  assessed  valu- 
ation, $61,000,000;  annual  output  of  its 
manufactures,  $20,000,000 ;  building  per- 
mits,   $3,000,000,   and    bank  'clearance, 


$64,000,000.  There  is  a  $500,000  court 
house,  a  $200,000  city  hall,  and  many 
large  and  costly  business  blocks. 

The  other  principal  cities  are  Pasa- 
dena, Pomona,  Azusa,  Whittier,  Downey, 
Santa  Monica,  Redondo,  Long  Beach, 
and  San  Pedro. 

San  Bernardino  County  is  the  larg- 
est county  in  the  State,  is  rich  in  miner- 
als, has  fertile  valleys.  Population  about 
35,000.  The  county  is  traversed  by  two 
railroads.  Fine  oranges  and  other  fruits 
are  raised. 

San  Bernardino  city,  the  county  seat, 
is  a  railroad  center,  with  about  8,000  peo- 
ple. The  other  principal  places  are 
Redlands,  Ontario,  Colton  and  Chino. 

Orange  County  has  an  area  of  671 
square  miles;  population  in  1890,  13,589. 
Much  fruit  and  grain  are  raised. 

Santa  Ana,  the  county  seat,  has  a 
population  of  over  5,000.  Other  cities 
are  Orange,  Tustin,  Anaheim  and  Fuller- 
ton. 

Riverside  County  has  an  area  of  7,000 
square  miles;  population  about  16,000. 
It  is  an  inland  county. 

Riverside  is  the  county  seat. 

Other  places  are  South  Riverside,  Per- 
ris  and  San  Jacinto. 

San  Diego  County  is  a  large  county, 
the  most  southerly  in  the  State,  adjoin- 
ing Mexico.  Population  about  45,000. 
The  climate  of  the  coast  region  is  re- 
markably mild  and  equable.  Irrigation 
is  being  rapidly  extended.  Fine  lemons 
are  raised  near  the  coast,  and  all  other 
fruits  flourish. 

San  Diego  city,  on  the  ample  bay  of 
that  name,  is  the  terminus  of  the  Santa 
F^  railway  system,  with  a  population  of 
about  25,000. 

Other  cities  are  National  City,  Kscon- 
dido,  Julian  and  Oceanside. 

Ventura  County  adjoins  Los  Ange- 
les county  on  the  north.  It  is  very 
mountainous.  There  are  many  profit- 
able petroleum  wells.  Apricots  and 
other  fruits  are  raised,  also  many  beans. 
Population  about  15,000. 

San  Buenaventura,  the  county  seat,  is 
pleasantly  situated  on  the  coast.  Popu- 
lation, 3,000.  Other  cities  are  Santa 
Paula,  Hueneme  and  Fillmore. 

Santa  Barbara  is  the  most  northern 
of  the  seven  counties,  with  a  long  shore 
line,  and  rugged  mountains  in  the  in- 
terior. Semi-tropic  fruits  are  largely 
raised,  and  beans  in  the  northern  part  of 
the  county. 

Santa  Barbara,  the  county  seat,  is 
noted  for  its  mild,  climate.  Population 
about  6,000.  Other  cities  Lompoc,  Car- 
penteria  and  ^anta  Maria. 


Condensed  Information— Southern  California. 


Southern  California  has  the  advantage 
of  being  able  to  grow  to  perfection  hor- 
ticultural products  that  can  be  raised  on 
a  commercial  basis  in  few,  if  any,  other 
sections  of  the  United  States. 

The  orange  is  the  leading  horticultural 
product  of  Southern  California,  99  per 
cent  of  the  crop  of  the  State  being  grown 
in  the  seven  southern  counties.  The 
chief  orange-growing  sections  of  South- 
ern California  are  the  San  Gabriel,  Po- 
mona and  Santa  Ana  Valleys  and  around 
Riverside  and  Redlands.  The  fruit  does 
well  in  certain  portions  of  all  the  seven 
southern  counties. 

The  culture  of  the  lemon  has  been 
largely  extended  during  the  past  few 
years. 

The  grape  is  extensively  grown  for 
wine  and  brandy,  for  raisins  and  table 
use. 

The  olive  tree  flourishes  in  Southern 
California. 

California  prunes,  which  have  become 
a  staple  product  and  are  rapidly  replac- 
ing the  imported  article  in  Eastern  mark- 
ets, where  they  command  a  better  price, 
are  largely  grown  in  Southern  California. 

The  fig  has  been  grown  in  California 
ever  since  the  early  days  of  the  Mission 
fathers,  but  it  is  only  during  the  past  few 
years  that  attempts  have  been  made  to 
raise  the  improved  white  varieties  on  a 
commercial  scale. 

The  apricot  is  a  Southern  California 
specialty,  which  flourishes  here  and  in  a 
few  other  sections  of  the  world. 

The  peach  grows  to  perfection  through- 
out Southern  California,  and  may  be 
gathered  in  great  quantity  during  six 
months  of  the  year. 

The  nectarine  grows  under  similar  con- 
ditions to  the  apricot. 

Apples  do  well  in  the  high  mountain 
valleys,  where  they  get  a  touch  of  frost 
in  winter,  and  near  the  coast,  where  the 
summers  are  cool.  Around  Julian,  in 
San  Diego  county,  is  a  celebrated  apple 
producing  section . 

Pears  succeed  well  throughout  South- 
ern California,  but  are  not  yet  grown 
largely  for  export. 

Walnut  culture  is  an  important  branch 
of  horticulture  in  Southern  California. 
The  chief  walnut  growing  sections  are  at 
Rivera  near  Los  Angeles,  in  Santa  Bar- 
bara county  and  in  the  Santa  Ana  valley 
in  Orange  county. 

A  number  of  almond  orchards  have 
been  planted,  especially  in  the  Antelope 
valley,  in  the  northern  part  of  Los  An- 
geles county. 

The  growing  of  winter  vegetables  for 
shipment  to  the  Bast  and  North  has  be- 
come an  important  branch  of  horticul- 
ture. Celery  is  shipped  East  by  the 
train  load  from  Orange  county,  during 
the  winter  months. 
The  culture  of  the  sugar  beet  in  South- 


ern California,  with  the  manufacture  of 
sugar  therefrom,  promises  to  become  one 
of  the  leading  industries  in  the  State. 
There  are  three  large  beet  sugar  factories 
in  this  section.  The  percentage  of  sugar 
contained  in  beets  raised"  in  this  section 
is  remarkably  high,  often  running  from 
15   to  20  per   cent. 

Wheat  and  barley  are  grown  largely  in 
Los  Angeles,  Orange,  San  Diego  and 
Riverside  counties.  Large  quantities  of 
wheat  and  barley  are  raised  to  be  cut 
for  hay,  before  the  grain  matures.  The 
corn  raised  in  this  section  is  of  the  high- 
est standard,  sometimes  yielding  100 
bushels  to  the  acre,  with  stalks  over  20 
feet  high.  Orange  county  is  the  chief 
corn  producing  section. 

Alfalfa,  the  most  valuable  forage  plant 
in  the  world,  is  raised  on  a  large  scale, 
six  crops  being  frequently  cut  in  one 
year,  yielding  from  one  to  two  tons  to 
the  acre  at  each  cutting. 

The  lima  bean  is  a  specialty  in  Ventura 
and  Santa  Barbara  counties,  the  beans 
being  shipped  East  by  the  trainload. 

Southern  California  has  a  world-wide 
reputation  as  a  breeding  ground  for  fine 
stock. 

The  dairy  interest  is  of  great  import- 
ance. There  are  a  number  of  creameries 
and  a  condensed  milk  factory. 

Southern  California  honey  is  celebrated 
the  world  over,  being  shipped  by  the  car- 
load to  the  East  and  Europe. 

The  ocean  abounds  in  food  fish  of 
many  varieties.  Sardines  are  packed  on 
a  large  scale  at  San  Pedro,  the  product 
bringing  a  high  price  in  the  Eastern 
market. 

Outside  of  horticulture,  Southern  Cali- 
fornia has  valuable  underground  re- 
sources. The  petroleum  deposits  of  this 
section  are  most  extensive,  and  are  being 
actively  developed.  The  petroleum  out- 
put of  California  for  1898  is  estimated  at 
over  $2,000,000  in  value.  Southern  Cali- 
fornia oil  is  mainly  used  for  fuel.  The 
cheap  petroleum  fields  are  in  Los  Ange- 
les city,  in  Ventura  county,  at  Summer- 
land  in  Santa  Barbara  county,  at  New- 
hall  in  the  northern  part  of  Los  Angeles 
county,  at  Puente  near  Whittier,  in  the 
same  county,  and  at  FuUerton  in  Orange 
county.  Other  fields  are  being  opened 
up.  Oil  is  now  worth  about  a  dollar  a 
barrel  in  Los  Angeles. 

There  are  valuable  gold  mines  in 
Southern  California.  The  first  discovery 
of  placer  gold  in  the  State  was  made  in 
Los  Angeles  county.  At  present,  the 
chief  gold  mining  section  of  Southern 
California  is  at  Randsburg,  just  inside 
the  border  of  Kern  county.  Gold  mines 
are  also  being  worked  at  Acton  in  Los 
Angeles  county,  in  Riverside  county  near 
Perris,  on  the  Colorado  desert  in  San 
Diego  county,  and  at  other  points. 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  L,amj>  of  Sunshine." 


Buy   Direct  from  the  Producers 

California  Ostrich  Feathers 

FOR   55C. 

We  will  send  prepaid  a  handsome  demi-plume ; 
for  $1.45,  a  bunch  of  3  tips ;  for  $2.85,  an  18-inch 
plume.  Not  woolly  feathers,  but  fine  black  lustre. 
Being  fresh  from  the  birds  will  stay  in  curl  and 
wear  for  years.  Our  handsome  illustrated  cata- 
logue mailed  Free  with  each  order,  or  for  a  2c. 
stamp. 

OSTRICH    FARM 

SOUTH    PASADENA,    GAL. 

Independent  of  the  Feather  Trust. 


Artistic  Grille  Work 


kkfv^Vj^ jflP  Original  Desisfii.  Bfe^Sfl^^ 


Parquet  Floors,     Wood  Carpet 

A  permanent  covering  for  floors  instead  of 
the  health-destroying  woolen  carpets. 

Healthful,  Clean  and  no  Moths 

OAK  FLOORS  $1.25  per  square  yard  and  up. 

Try  our  "Nonpareil  Hard  Wax  Polish  " 

for  keeping  floors  in  good  condition. 
Designers  of 

FURNITURE  SPECIALTIES 

Tea  Tables,    Card  Tables,    Book  Cases,    Cedar 
Chests,  Etc. 

JNO.  A.  SMITH 


707  S.  Broadway, 
Tel.  Brown  706 


Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
Established  1891 


•52^ioSio^S2!o^ioilioioilJSio  iliSJo  ioioio  ioioioiQioio^kioioloioioi^ 


I A  BOOK  CASE  ^"^l 


FOR 

BUSINESS 

A  revolving  book  case  is  the  book  case  for 
the  office  and  for  the  library.  It  is  the  book 
case  for  the  busy  business  man  who  wants  to 
put  his  hands  on  a  book  at  a  moment's  notice. 

It  is  a  book  case  for  doctors,  lawyers,  students 
and  readers  in  general. 

You  can  have  them  in  any  size  or  style  from 
a  small  two  shelf  case,  which  holds  a  complete 
encyclopaedia  set  and  dictionary,  to  a  large  case 
of  six  shelves,  30  inches  square,  which  contains 
40  feet  of  shelving  room.  The  prices  are  from 
$11.00  to  |40.00. 

The  wood  is  solid  oak.     These  cases  revolve 

just  as  easy  when  they  are  loaded  with  books 

as  they  do  when  empty.     They  never  get  out 

of  order,  they  are  easy  to  operate  and  do  not 

take  up  a  large  space  in  a  room. 

If  you  are  thinking  about  book  cases,  let  us  show  you  these  beautiful 
Banner  Revolving  Cases  before  you  buy. 

LOS  ANGELES    FURNITURE   COMPANY 

^^"^^"^^K^plaiEs  225-227-229  S.  Broadway,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.  ^ 


49 

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YOUNG 

OR  OLD 


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Who  Values  Bargains 


Importers  and  Manufacturers 

OF 

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UNDERSKIRTS 

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WRAPPERS 

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JACKETS 

CAPES 
TAILOR  SUITS 


in  stylish,  dainty, 
serviceable  goods, 
should  call  and  in- 
spect our  stock  or 

Write 

for 

Catalogue 

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341  South  Spring  St..  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


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AND    UP 


American  and  European  Plan.  Centrally 
located.  Elevators  and  fire  escapes.  Baths, 
hot  and  cold  water  in  all  suites.  Modern 
conveniences.  Fine  large  sample  rooms  for 
commercial  travelers. 
Cafe  and  Grille  Room  open  all  hours. 


J.  E.  O'BRIEN,  Prop. 


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CALIFORNIA  CREAM    OF    LEMON 

Lemon  is  nature's  gift,  and  is  well  known  as  an 
emollient  for  the  skin.     Cream   of  Lieiuon 
is  the  whole  lemon  ground  to  a  smooth  paste. 
The  toilet  article  par  excellence. 
V^    f^verybody — travelers,    golfers,    cyclists  —  should 
y'    i^    use    this    wonderful    healing    and    cleansing 
Vj    ^"^    lotion.     It  is  better    than    soap.      Put    up    '" 


lotion.     It  is  better    than 
handy  tubes.    Easily  carried. 


V    myi  any  soaps  contain  some  lemon,  but  are  mostly 
f^   l^\    grease,  potash  and  other  ingredients  that  are 


10 


objectionable  and  very  often  injurious  to  the 

skin, 
leaginous  matter  or  alkali  does  not  enter  into 
Cream    of    Liemon.      It    is    purely    lemon. 
Nothing  injurious.    Everything  beneficial. 


\ 


^^^^^^^'i^^'^^r^^^jr^^^^^ 


1^  ly^Tothing    equals    it    for   the  bath   and  the  scalp. 

f^  1^     Keeps  the  skin  clean  and  healthy.     Prevents 

V{        ^     and  cures  chapped  hands,  pimples,    eczema,  Vf 

y'  sunburn,  tan.  freckles.  f* 

V^  ^end  15  cts.  for  3  oz.  tube,  or  25  cts.  for  6  oz.  tube.  ^ 

f^  ^^    First  ask  your  dealer  for  it.    Agents  wanted,  f^ 

Vj  ^"^     California    Cream    of  liemon    Co.,    I^os  V 

y  Angeles,  Cal.  J^ 

^       USE    LEMON    INSTEAD   OF   SOAP  R 


Deafness  Cannot  Be  Cured 

By  local  applications  as  they  cannot  reach  the 
diseased  portion  of  the  ear.  There  is  only  one 
way  to  cure  deafness,  and  that  is  by  constitu- 
tional remedies.  Deafness  is  caused  by  an  in- 
flamed condition  of  the  mucous  lining  of  the 
Eustachian  Tube.  When  this  tube  is  inflamed 
you  have  a  rumbling  sound  or  imperfect  hear- 
ing, and  when  it  is  entirely  closed,  Deafness  is 
the  result,  and  unless  the  inflammation  can  be 
taken  out  and  this  tube  restored  to  its  normal 
condition,  hearing  will  be  destoyed  forever ; 
nine  cases  out  of  ten  are  caused  by  catarrh, 
which  is  nothing  but  an  inflamed  condition  of 
the  mucous  surfaces, 

We  will  give  One  Hundred  Dollars  for  any 
case  of  Deafness  (caused  by  catarrh)  that  can- 
not be  cured  by  Hall's  Catarrh  Cure.  Send  for 
circulars ;  free. 

F.  J.  CHENEY  &  CO.,  Toledo,  O. 

«®"Sold  by  Druggists,  75c. 

make  the  finest  table 
meat.    Can  raise  them 
yourself.    See  F.  A.  SCHNELL  about  it. 

424  N.  Beaudry  Ave.,  L,os  Angeles. 


BELGIAN  HARES 


We  Sell  the  Earth-- 


■ff*  BASSETT  &  SMITH 

We  deal  in  all  kinds  of  Real  Estate. 
Orchard  and  Resident  Property. 
Write  for  descriptive  pamphlet. 

Y.  M.  C.  A.  BUILDING 
LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 


GO     TO     THE 

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Line  Etchings 


Concert  Pbonograp0 

Mr.  Edison  has  perfected  the  Phonograph. 
This  is  the  instrument. 


It  perfectly  reproduces  the  human  voice 
—JUST  AS  lyOUD— just  as  clear— just  as 
sweet. 

It  duplicates  instrumental  music  with 
pure-toned  brilliance  and  satisfying  in- 
tensity. Used  with  Edison  Concert  Re- 
cords, its  reproduction  is  free  from  all 
mechanical  noises.  Only  the  music  or  the 
voice  is  heard.  It  is  strong  and  vibrant 
enough  to  fill  the  largest  auditorium.  It 
is  smooth  and  broad  enough  for  the  parlor. 

The  highest  type  of  talking  machine 
ever  before  produced  bears  no  comparison 
with  the  Edison  Concert  Phonograph. 
The  price  is  $1^5.  Full  particulars  can 
be  obtained  from  all  dealers  in  Phono- 
graphs, or  by  addressing  The  National 
Phonograph  Co.,  New  York,  asking  for 
Concert  Catalogue  No.  109. 

Six  other  styles  of  Phonographs,  in- 
cluding the  £dison  Gem,  price  $7.50. 
PETER  BACIGAI.UPI,  933  Market  St., 
San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Pacific  Coast 
Agency  for  National  Phonograph  Co., 
New  York. 

NONE    GENUINE    WITHOUT    THIS 


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THce  .  .  .  75c. 


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Richard  Carvel 


130th  Thousand 

16th  Edition 
CLOTH,  $1.50 


i 00.000  IN  LESS  THAN  THREE  MONTHS 


"  RICHARD  CARVEL,  —  one  of  the  most 
delightful  and  fascinating-  studies  of  manners 
and  stories  of  adventure  which  has  yet  appeared 
in  our  literature." 

—Hamilton  W  Mabie  in  The  Outlook. 


"  A  third  satisfaction  to  be  derived  from  a  read- 
ing of  this  book  lies  in  the  conviction  that  first 
dawns  upon  the  reader's  mind,  and  then  grows 
in  force  and  positiveness  as  he  proceeds  with  the 
story,  that  we  have  in  this  new  writer  one  who 
has  studied  his  art  and,  to  an  extraordinary  de- 
gree, mastered  it.  .  .  .  As  a  whole,  it  is  a  pro- 
duction of  which  not  only  the  author,  but  his 
countrymen,  have  every  reason  to  be  proud  " 

-Literature. 


"RICHARD  CARVEL  .  .  .  is  in  every 
way  strong,  original  and  delightful  ...  en- 
titled to  high  place  on  the  list  of  successful 
novels.    .    .    .    It  is  a  charming  story." 

— Buffalo  Commercial. 


"■  RICHARD  CARVEL  is  a  historical  ro- 
mance of  revolutionary  days,  with  the  scenes  laid 
partly  in  Maryland  and  partly  in  the  London  of 
George  III.  In  breadth  of  canvas,  massing  of 
dramatic  eflfect,  depth  of  feeling,  and  rare  whole- 
someness  of  spirit  it  has  seldom  if  ever  been 
surpassed  by  an  American  romance.  .  .  . 
It  is  due  of  the  novels  that  are  not  made  for  a 
day  "  — Chicago  Tribune 

"RICHARD  CARVEL  seems,  verily,  to 
possess  every  quality  that  goes  to  make  a  gen- 
uinely great  work  of  fiction.  It  has  the  reassur- 
ing solidity  and  the  charming  quaintness  of 
'  Henry  Esmond  '  or  '  The  Virginians,'  with  an 
additional  zest  that  must  perforce  be  the  author's 
own."  — I^ew  York  Home  Journal. 

"  RICHARD  CARVEL  is  the  most  ex- 
tensive piece  of  semi-historical  fiction  which  has 
yet  come  from  an  American  hand  ;  it  is  on  a 
larger  scale  than  any  of  its  predecessors,  and  the 
skill  with  which  the  materials  have  been  handled 
justifies  the  largeness  of  the  plan." 
—Hamilton  W.  Mabie  in  The  New  York  Times. 


Other  New  Novels 


MASON.— Miranda  of  the  Balcony.   By  A. 

E.  W.  MASON,  author  of  "The  Courtship  of 

Morrice  Buckler,"  etc.      Cloth,  12mo,  $1.50. 

Ready  in  September. 

Scenes  in  Spain  and  Morocco,  etc. 

SHERWOOD.     —    Henry      Worthington, 

Idealist.      By    MARGARET    SHERWOOD, 

author  of  "An  Experiment  in  Altruism,"  "A 

Puritan  Bohemia,"  etc.     Cloth,  12mo,  $1.50. 

Rehdy  in  September. 

A  vigorous  study  of  social  and  economic  prob- 
lems, underlying  which  is  a  simple,  attractive 
love  story. 

HEWLETT.— Little  Novels  of  Italy.    By 

MAURICE  HEWLETT,  author  of  "The  Forest 
Lovers,"  etc.    Cloth,  12mo,  $1.50, 

Ready  in  September. 

A  volume  of  short  "  novels,"  in  the  Italian  use 
of  the  word. 

GIBSON.  —  My   Lady  and   Allan   Darke. 

By  CHARLES  DONNEL  GIBSON.  Cloth, 
12mo,  $1.50,  Ready  in  October. 

GARLAND — Main  Travelled  Roads.    By 

HAMLIN  GARLAND,  author  of  "Rose  of 
Dutcher's  Coolly,"  etc.  New  Edition,  with  ad- 
ditional Stories.    Cloth,  12mo,  $1 .50. 

Ready  in  September. 


DIX.  —  Soldier  Rigdale.     How  He  Sailed 

IN  THE  "  MAYFLOVV^ER  "  AND  HOW  HE  SERVED 

Miles  Standish.  By  BEULAH  MARIE  DIX, 
author  of  "  Hugh  Gwyeth,  a  Roundhead  Cava- 
lier." In  the  series, of  5^orz>j  from  American 
History.    Cloth ,  8vo,  $1.50- 

Ready  in  September. 
Miss  Dix's  "  Hugh  Gwyeth  "  was,  it  will  be 
remembered,  the  book  of  which  the  Saturday 
Review  (London)  wrote,  "  We  found  it  difficult  to 
tear  ourselves  away  from  the  fascinating  nar- 
rative." 

CASTLE.  —  Young    April.      By  EGERTON 

CASTLE,  author  of  "The  Pride  of  Jennico  " 

Cloth,  12mo,  SI. 50.  Ready  in  October. 

In  this  book,  as  in  its  forerunner,  there  is  a 

rare  degree  of  beauty  and  distinction  of  literary 

style.    Full  of  dash  and  color.    It  is  illustrated 

with  ten  full-page  half-tones  from  drawings  by 

Wenzell. 

CANAVAN.  —  Ben  Comee.  A  Tale  of 
Rogers'  Rangers.  By  M.  j  CANAVAN. 
Illustrated  by  George  Gibbs.  Cloth,  12mo, 
$1.50.  Ready  in  October. 

BRUN.— Tales  of  Languedoc.  By  SAMUEL 
JACQUES  BRUN.  With  an  introduction  by 
Harriet  W.  Preston.  New  Edition.  Cloth, 
12mo,  »1.50.  Ready  in  October . 

Folk-lore  and  fairy  tales  beautifully  illustrated 

by  Ernest  C.  Peixotto. 


F.  riarion  Crawford 

VIA  CRUCIS:  A  Romance  of  the  Second  Crusade 


ByF.  MARION  CRAWFORD,  author  of  "  Saracinesca,"  "  Corleone,  '  " 
With  twelve  full-page  illustrations  by  Louis  Loeb.    Buckram,  12mo, 


Ave  Roma  Immortalis, 
Ready  in  October. 


etc. 


SEND  FOR  THE  NEW  ANNOUNCEMENT  LIST  OF  BOOKS  ISSUED 

THIS  FALL  BY 

THE  MACMILLAN  COMPANY,  Publishers 

NEW  YORK 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Land  of  Suiwhinb." 


Works  of  Chas.  F.  Lummis 


Published  by  Harper  &  Bros.,  N.  Y. 

The  Awakening  of  a  Nation ;  Mexico  today. 

Superbly  illustrated  from  photographs  made 
by  the  author  expressly  for  this  work.     $2.60. 

"  The  best  book  on  the  Republic  of  Mexico  that 
has  yet  been  pnhlishcCL,"— Brooklyn  Eagle. 

"  He  is  as  complete  a  specimen  of  the  American 
as  could  be  found  in  a  day's  journey.  We  can,  in 
fact,  scarcely  recall  a  career  that  htfs  been  as 
wholly  unique  as  that  of  Mr.  Lummis.  Other 
men  have  been  as  extensive  travelers,  but  none, 
unless  we  except  some  of  the  Arctic  explorers, 
have  seen  and  done  such  strange  things.  His 
name  is  an  assurance  that  the  task  he  basset 
himself  here  would  be  well  don&."— Philadelphia 
Telegraph. 

'•  Among  the  few  Americans  who  have  made  a 
specialty  of  the  Southwest,  Chas.  F.  Lummis 
stands  out  by  reason  of  his  graphic  style,  his 
power  of  putting  things,  his  broad  human  nature 
and  his  cosmopolitanism.  If  he  had  done  noth- 
ing more  than  write  his  latest  book  on  Mexico, 
he  would  deserve  thanks. "  —  San  Francisco 
Chronicle. 

**  We  commend  most  heartily  the  discrimination 
and  the  enthusiasm  with  which  the  author  has 
written  of  the  country  concerning  which,  through 
years  of  the  most  intimate  study,  he  has  become 
so  much  of  an  authority." — Boston  Herald. 

"  Unquestionably  the  most  entertaining  story 
of  modern  Mexican  life  and  character  which  has 
been  •written."  —Boston  Journal. 

"  Mr.  LummJs's  work  has  been  approved  so 
generally  that  it  is  scarcely  needful  to  say  that  it 
offers  us  information  obtainable  nowhere  else." 
—Philadelphia  Bulletin. 

"  As  fascinating  to  read  as  any  novel."— iV.  Y. 
Commercial  Advertiser, 

"Not  a  somnolent  line  in  it.  Thoroughly 
grounded  in  Spanish-American  history,  with 
Spanish  at  tongue  and  pen's  end  and  an  extensive 
personal  acquaintance  with  the  lands  to  the  south 
of  us." — N.  y.  Nation. 

Published  by  Chas,  Scribner's  Sons,  N.  Y. 

The  King  of  the  Broncos,  and  other  stories 

of  New    Mexico.    Illustrated   by   V.  Perard 
from  photos,  by  the  author.     With  portrait. 
$1.26. 
•  A  master  of  style." — N.  Y.  Evangelist. 
'■  Noteworthy  in  strong  style,  dramatic  force, 
hearty  human  nature  and  deep  human  interest." 
— S.  P.  Chronicle. 
"  Mr.  Lummis  seems  likely  in  time  to  take  the 
place  of  Bret  Harte  and  Joaquin  Miller  as  literary 
representative  of  the  wild  and  gorgeous  west. 
Certainly,  no  one  of  his  age  is  writing  stories  so 
stirring,  so  full  of  the  local  color  of  the  region  of 
Sierra,  Mesa,  Canon."— TA^  Critic,  N.  Y. 

"  No  one  who  really  knows  that  Southwestern 
country  can  compare  with  him  in  the  power  of 
making  its  characteristics  live  in  books." 

— Boston /(jMrna/  of  Education. 

A  New  Mexico  David,  and  other  stories  of 
the  Southwest.     Illustrated.     $1.25. 
"  vigorous  and  novel  studies  ...  as  distinctly 

valuable  as  they  are  vividly  interesting." 

— Boston  Commonwealth. 

A  Tramp  Across  the  Continent.    $1.25. 

"  His  book  has  such  heart  in  it,  such  simplicity 
and  strength,  it  is  as  good  to  read  as  any  story  of 
adventure  may  be." 

—  The  Saturday  Review,  London,  Eng. 


The  Land  of  Poco  Tiempo.  illustrated.  $2.50 

!!  ^  charming  volume. "—  The  Academy,  Londo  n 
Uniformly  and  surpassingly  brilliant." 

—Boston  Traveller. 

Published  by  Herbert  S.  Stone  &  Co.,  Chicago. 

The  Enchanted   Burro:   stories  of  New 

Mexico  and  Peru.    16  full-page  illustrations 

by   Chas.    Abel   Corwin    from   the    author's 

photographs.    $1.50. 

"We   have   today   no  storyteller   who  blends 

literary   g^race  and  scientific  accuracy  quite  so 

acceptably."— Los  Angeles  Express. 

"  Twelve  short  stories  which  are  crisp  and  clear 
as  gems.  So  vivid,  so  convincing,  that  the  reader 
feels  that  his  own  eyes  have  had  glimpses  of 
scenes  remote  but  no  longer  unfamiliar." 

—  The  Bookman,  JV.  Y. 
"  These  stories  make  a  distinct  place  for  them- 
selves in  the  annals  of  fiction." 

—Boston  Herald. 

Published  by  the  Century  Co.,  N.  Y. 

Some  Strange  Corners  of  Our  Country. 

Illustrated.    I1.50. 

"  He  has  written  a  great  book,  every  page  of 
which  is  worth  a  careful  reading." 

—Mail  and  Express,  N.  Y. 

"  The  most  unique  and  perhaps  the  most  de- 
lightful and  interesting  book  yet  written  on 
American  history." 

—  Thomas  IVentworth  Higgtnson. 

The  Man  who  Married  the  Moon,  and  other 
Pueblo  Indian  Folkstories.  Illustrated 
by  George  Wharton  Edwards.    $1.50. 

••  Deserves  to  be  classed  with  the  best  of  its 
kind  yet  produced  in  our  country." 

—The  Nation,  N.  Y. 

"  We  can  insist  on  the  great  pleasure  some  of 
these  stories  must  give  the  reader ;  and  one,  '  The 
Mother  Moon,'  is  as  poetic  and  beautifhl  as  any- 
thing we  have  ever  read,  in  or  out  of  folklore." 
—N.  Y.  Times. 

The  Gold  Fish  of  Gran  Chimu.   |l5o 

A  story  of  Peruvian  adventure.  Superbly  illus- 
trated from  the  author's  photographs  and  from 
antiquities  exhumed  by  him  in  the  ruins  of  Peru. 

"  Novel  and  touching.  .  .  .  The  spirit  throughout 
is  alert  and  gay,  and  the  sympathy  with  delicately 
strung  natures  charming :  even  the  literal  trans- 
lation of  a  foreign  idiom  (a  very  dangerous  ex- 
periment) adds  to  the  grace  and  naturalness  of 
Mr.  Lummis'stale."— rA«iVa^*o«,  N.  Y. 


Published  by  A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co.,  Chicago. 

The  Spanish  Pioneers.  Illustrated.  I1.50. 

"  At  times  quite  as  brilliant  as  Parkman." 

—Boston  Traveller. 

"  The  world  has  accepted  this  young  man,  ha 
found  that  there  was  much  to  learn  in  the  direction 
of  his  interests,  found  that  he  was  an  attractive 
and  reliable  guide  ;  and  he  has  not  been  long  in 
coming  to  a  point  where  he  is  regarded  as  master 
of  his  field."— 7"*^  Interior,  Chicago. 


Hummel  Bros.  &  Co.  furnish  best  help.    300  W.  Second  St    TeL  Main  509 


Educational 

Department. 


Lus  Angeles  Academy. 


POMONA  COLLEGE  Skt""""^ 

Courses  leadinfi^to  degrees  of  B.A.,  B.S.,  and 
B.L.  Its  degrees  are  recognized  by  University 
of  California,  Stanford  University,  and  all 
the  Eastern  Universities. 

Also  preparatory  School,  fitting  for  all  Col- 
leges, and  a  School  of  Music  of  high  grade. 

Address,  FRANK  T..  FERGUSON, 

President. 


Pasadena. 

MISS  OKTOfi'S 
Boarding  and  Day  School  lor  Qirls 

Certificate  admits  to  Eastern  Colleges. 

It4  S.  Euclid  ATe. 

LASELL  SEMINARY  FOR  Y0UN6  WOMEN 

AUBURNDALE,  MASS. 

"  In  your  walking  and  sitting  so  much  more 
erect  ;  in  your  general  health  ;  in  your  conversa- 
tion ;  in  your  way  of  meeting  people,  and  in  in- 
numerable ways,  I  could  see  the  benefit  you  are 
receiving  from  your  training  and  associations  at 
I^asell.  All  this  you  must  know  is  very  gratifying 
tome." 

So  a  father  wrote  to  his  daughter  after  her 
Christmas  vacation  at  home.  It  is  unsolicited 
testimony  as  to  I^aseirs  success  in  some  im- 
portant lines. 

Those  who  think  the  time  of  their  daughters 
is  worth  more  than  money,  and  in  the  quality  of 
the  conditions  which  are  about  them  during 
school-life  desire  the  very  best  that  the  East  can 
offer,  will  do  well  to  send  for  the  illustrated  cat- 
alogue. C.  C.  BRAGDON,  Principal. 


Occidental  College 

I<OS  ANGELES,  CAI.. 

Three  Courses:    classical,  uterary. 

Scientific,  leading  to  degrees  of  B.  A.,  B.  L.,  and 
B.  S.    Thorough  Preparatory  Department. 

Winter  term  began  January  3, 1899. 

Address  the  President, 

Rev.  Guy  TV.  YTadswortli. 

GHAFFEY  COLLEGE,  ontan.,  c,i. 

Well  endowed.     Most   healthful  location. 

Enter  from  8th  grade. 

Opens  Sept.  29.    $250.00  per  year. 
Elm  Hali,  for  young  ladies,  under  charge  ol 

cultured  lady  teachers.    Highest  standards . 
West  Hall,  for  boys,  home  of  family  of  Dean, 

and  gentlemen  teachers. 

WHAT  A  FATHER  THINKS .... 

An  unsolicited  opinion 
from  the  father  of  one  of 
our  boys  : 

*  •  *  "Our  best  thanks  are 
due  you  for  your  unfailing  kind- 
ness shown  our  son  durmg  his 
residence  at  the  Academy,  and 
while  he  seems  to  have  done 
very  well  with  his  studies,  what 
is  of  far  more  consequence  is 
the  influence  which  makes  for 
manliness  and  character  build- 
ing, already  apparent  in  this 
child  after  a  single  term." 

Fifth  Annual  Catalogue  ot 

Los  Angeles 
Academy 

Mailed  to  any  address  upon  ap- 
plication to  W.  R.  WHEAT,  Bus- 
iness Manager. 

Fall  term  commences  Septem- 
ber  26, 1899. 

SANFORD  A.  HOOPER,  A.M., 

Head  Master. 

GRENVILLEC.  EMERY,  A.  M., 
EDWARD  L.  HARDY,  B.  L.. 

Associale  Masters 


212  Surest  third  street 

Is  the  oldest  established,  has  the  largest  attendance,  and  is  the  best  equipped 
business  college  on  the  Pacific  Coast.     Catalogue  and  circulars  free. 


GIRLS'  COLLEGIATE  SCHOOL 


Gills'  Collegiate  School. 

ALICK  K.  Pa&SOKB,  B.  a., 
JBAKHB  W.  DBKirBN, 

Principals. 


Sontli  Grand  ATenue,  I<ob  Ang^eles 


j/OwoQOBi/A 


226  S.  Spring  St.,     Los  Angeles,  Cai,. 

Oldest,  largest  and  best.    Send  for  catalogue. 
N.  G.  Pelkek,  President 
John  W.  Hood,  John  W.  Lackbt, 

Vice-President  Secretary 

Telephone  Green  1848. 


We  Manufacture  all  kinds  of 


RUBBER  GOODS 


When  you   purchase  and  want 


The  Best  Rubber  Hose 


DIFFERENT  IN   EVERY  FEATURE. 

The  Brownsberger  Home  School  of 
Shorthand  and  Typewriting. 

903  South  Broadway,  I^os  Angeles,  Cal. 


Large  lawn  and  porches  where  pupils  study  and  dictate.  In- 
dividual instruction  only.  Half-day  attendance  all  that  is 
necessary.  Only  teachers  of  long  experience  do  any  teaching. 
This  is  the  only  Shorthand  School  on  the  coast  that  has  a  busi- 
ness office  training  department.  A  new  machine  furnished 
each  pupil  at  his  home  without  extra  charge.  Send  for  catalogue. 

Cor.  Broadway  and  Ninth  St.    Tel.  White  4871 


A  MODERN  ART  SCHOOL 

At  the  University  of  Southern 
California. 

Directed  by 

Prof.  W.  L.  JUDSON. 

Offices,  415  Blanchard  Art  Building, 
lyos  Angeles,  Cal. 


See  that  Our  Name  is   on  every  length. 
FOR  SAI.£  BY  AI.I.  DEAI.EBS. 


GOODYEAR  RUBBER  COMPANY 

573,  575,  677,  579   MARKET  STREET 

B.  H.  PBASK,  Vice-Pres.  and  Manager. 

SA.N  FRANCISCO. 


A.  G.  GARDNER 


FIANO  .  .  . 
.  . . HOUSE 


118  Winston  St.     Tel.  Brown  1335. 


We  Sell,  Rent,  Repair  and 
Tune  Pianos. 


Most  expert  repairer  of  stringed  instruments 
in  the  city. 

Music  furnished  for  entertainments. 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  I<AifD  of  Sttnshinb.' 


OI.OB8T  AND  LAROBST  BANK  IN  SOl^THBRN  ! 

CALIFORNIA.  | 

Farmers  and  Merchants  Bank 

OF  LOS  ANOBLBS,  CAL. 

Capital  (paid  up)      -       -      $500,000.00 
Surplus  and  Reserve  -    925,000.00 

Total       -       -  $1,425,000.00 

OFFICBRS : 

I.  W.  Hbixman President 

H.  W.  Hbllman Vice-President 

Hbnrt  J.  Plbishman Cashier 

6.  A.  J.  Hbimann Asstotant  Cashier 

dirbctors : 
W.   H.   Perry,   C.  K.  Thom,    J.  P.  Francis 

O.W.  CHBCDS,  I.W.HELLMAN.Jr.,  I.  N.  VaNNUYS 
A.  6I.A88BZ.I.,  H.  W.  HELLMAN,   I.  W.  HBLX.MAN.     | 

Special  Collection  Department.    Correspond- 
ence Invited.    Safety  Deposit  Boxes  for  rent. 


W.  C.  Patterson President 

W.  GiLLBLEN Vice-President 

W.  D.  Wool  WINE Cashier 

E.  W.  CoE Asst.  Cashier 


Cor.  First  and  Spring  Sts. 

Capital $600,000 

Surplus  and  Undivided  Profits 60,000 

This  bank  has  the  best  location  of  any  bank  in 
IvOS  Angeles.  It  has  the  largest  capital  of  any 
National  Bank  in  Southern  California,  and  is  the 
only  United  States  Depositary  in  Southern  Cali- 
fornia. 


• • •••••••••••••••• •••••••• •••••••••••••••••••••••••4 


American 
Beet  Sugar  Co. 


FACTORIES  AT 

Oxnard  and  Chino,  California 


GUARANTEED 


To  be  the  Finest  Sugars 
And  will  Preserve  Fruits 


First  National  Bank 

OF  I.OS  Airox:i.Ks. 

Largest  National  Banic  in  Southern 
California. 


Capital  Stock $400,000 

Surplus  and  Undivided  Profits  over      260,000 
J.  M.  Elliott,  Prest.,  W.G.  Kerckhoff,  V.Pres. 
Frank  A.  Gibson,  Cashier. 
W.  T.  8.  Hammond,  Assistant  Cashier. 
directors: 
F.  Q.  Story, 
H.  Jevne, 
J.  C.  Drake. 
All  Departments  ot  a  Modem  Banking  Business 
Conducted. 


""^J-T^i 


J.  M.  Elliott, 
J.  D.  Bicknell. 


J.  D.  Hooker, 
W.  G.  Kerckhoff, 


CORNER  MAIN  AND  SECOND  STREETS 


Officers  and  Directors. 

H.  W.  Hellman,  J.   A.  Graves,   M.  t,.  <* 

Fleming,  F.  O.  Johnson,  H,  J.  Fleishman,  ,1 

J.  H.  Shankland.  W.  L-  Graves.  S; 

J.  F.  Sartori,  President  j 

Maurice  S.  Hellman,  Vice-Pres.  S5 

W.  D.  Long  TEAR,  Cashier 

Interest  Paid  on  Ordinary  and  Term  Deposits  j 


FOR'  MEATS,     FISH,     GRAVIES, 

SOUPS,  AC.  THIS  SAUCE 

HAS  NO  EQUAL 

Manufactured  and  Bottled  only  by 

GEORGE  WILLIAA/IS  CO., 

LOS  ANGELESj  Cal. 


If  this  sauce  is  not  satisfactory,  return  it  to  your     W 


grocer  and  he  will  refund  your  money. 

GsoBSB  Williams  Co. 


^ 


-T^jTT^s-z^r-z^ -2^  z^^nz^s^z^^^z^  :z^:z^ 


A  Different  California 

Some  of  your  ideas  of  California  may  be  wrong.  Especially  you  may  not  know  that  in  Fresno 
and  Kings  Counties  may  be  found  some  of  the  best  land  in  the  State  on  Laguna  de  Tache  grant 
lately  put  on  the  market  in  len-acre  tracts,  or  larger,  at  $35.00  per  acre,  including  perpetual  water 
right,  at  62}i  cents  per  acre  annual  rental,  the  cheapest  water  in  California.  Send  your  name 
and  address  and  receive  the  local  newspaper  free  for  two  months,  that  will  give  you  reliable  inform  a- 

*^°"-  Address :  NARES  &  SAUNDERS, 


1840  Mariposa  Street,  Fresno,  Cal. 


Hummel  Bros.  &  Co.,  Largest  Employment  Agency.    300  W.  Second  St     Tel.  Main  509 


when  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  **  saw  it  in  the  Land  of  Sunshine." 


Mr 


H.JEVNE 


WHOLESALE    AND    RETAIL    GROCER 


ADVANTAGES  °/  LARGE  STORE 

Large  purchasing  ability,  and  consequently  low  prices  to  customers. 
Anything  in  edibles,  beverages  or  smokes,  and  the  best  and  the  freshest. 

No  Freigrht  Cbarges  on  orders  within  a  radius  of  seventy-five  miles. 

Send  for  Catalogue. 

YOU    ARE    ALWAYS    SAFE    AT   JEVNE'S 


208-210 

Telephone  Main  99 


SOUTH    SPRING    STREET 


Or 


I.OS  angei.es 


RING  UP  MAIN  940. 

Merchants  Parcel  Delivery  Co. 

C.  H.  FINIiEY,  Manager. 

Parcels  10c, ,  Trunks  25c.  Special  rates  to  mer- 
chants. We  make  a  feature  of  "  Specials"  and 
Shipping.  Office  hours  7:30  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 
Saturdays  to  10  p.  m.    Agents  for  Bythinia. 

No.  Ill  Court  Street,  liOg  Angeles,  Cal. 


To  Cure  a  Cold  in  One  Day- 
Take  Laxative  Bromo  Quinine  Tablets.  All  drug- 
gists refund  the  money  if  it  fails  to  cure.    25c. 
The  genuine  has  I<.  B.  Q.  on  each  tablet. 


^«>of  SyripopPrines 

^         NATURE'S 

^'^  GENTLE 

LAXATIVE 

The  only  genuine  fruit  lax- 
ative on  the  market. 
If  your  druggist  does  not 
sell  it  send  us  his  name  and 
address. 

25c.  and  50c.  a  Bottle. 


ARK. 
▼  eaeo 


California  Prune  Syrup  Co, 

LOS  ANOELES,  CAL. 


Our  laundry  is  thoroughly 
up-to-date.  We  have  in- 
vested thousands  of  dollars 
in  modern  machinery  in 
order  to  be  able  to  give 
first-class  service,  and  we 
give  it.  Our  place  aflfords 
some  advantages  enjoyed 
by  no  other  laundry  in  this 
section  —  such  as  no  saw 
edge  on  collars  and  cuflfs. 
In  our  place  family  wash- 
ings can  be  done  sepa- 
rately. We  g^ive  the  most 
artistic  and  least  destruc- 
tive polish  to  linen. 

The   safest  and  best  is 
always  the  cheapest. 


149  South  Main  Street 


Telephone  Main  635  S  LOS   ANGELES,   CAL. 

Help— All  Kinds.    See  Hummel  Bros.  &  Co.    300  W.  Second  St.    Tel.  IVIain  509 


ALL  EFFORTS 

TO  EQUALTME 

standard  Typewrit! 

j^WycKoff.Seamans  6f  Benedici 

147   South   Broadway,   Los    Angeles,   Cal, 
211   riontgomery   St.,   San    Francisco. 


Our  Gold  Medal  Wines  commend  themselves  to  those  who 
require  and  appreciate  Pure,  Old  Vintages.  We  are  producers 
in  every  sense  of  the  word,  owning  large  Vineyards,  Wineries 
and  Distilleries,  located  in  the  San  Gabriel  Valley.  For 
strength-giving  qualities  our  wines  have  no  equal.  We  SEI.L 
NO  Wines  under  Five  Years  Old. 


SPECIAL  OFFER  •     We  will  deliver  to  any  R.R.  station  in  the 
United  States,  freight  free : 

2  cases  Fine  Assorted  California  Wines,  XXX,  for  $9.00 

Including  one  bottle  1888  Brandy. 
2  cases  Assorted  California  Wines,  XXXX,  for  |11.00 

Including  2  bottles  1888  Brandy  and  1  bottle  Champagne. 

SOUTHERN  CALIFORNIA  WINE  COMPANY 


Tel.  M.  332 


220  W.  FOURTH  ST.       Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


•J   ^-v  o 


Reliable  help  promptly  furnished.    Hummel  Bros.  &  Co.    Tel.  Main  509 


HIGH  GRADE  CLOTHING 

FOR  MEN  AND  BOYS 


The  large  mail  order  business  we  do  comes 
from  the  careful  attention  we  give  those  who 
entrust  their  orders  to  us.  We  carry  complete 
lines  of  suits  from 

ROGERS,  PEET  &  CO.,  NEW  YORK, 
Hart,  Shaffner  &   Marx  and  Stein-Bloch   Co. 
Thus  we  are  able  to  suit  every  taste.     Instruc- 
tions for    self-measurement    and  samples   of 
goods  sent  on  application. 

Men's  Suits  from  $10.00  to  $31;. 00 

MULLEN,  BLUETT  &  CO,, 

N.  W.  Cor.  First  and  Spring  Sts. 


Kingsley-Barnes 


&  Neuner  Co. 


LIMITED 


Printing 
binding 
Engraving 


t23  South  Broadway,  Los  Angeles.  Cal 


Telephone   A.1  7 

Main     '  ^  /  ♦♦♦♦ 


'Printers  and  Anders  to 

the  Lsmd  of  Sunshine 


New  residents  in  a  city  or  persons  moving  from  one  section  to  anotlier  are  usually  forced  to  learn 
by  experience  the  best  places  to  patronize.  Our  object  in  publishing:  a  Commercial  Blue  Book  is  to 
point  out  to  our  readers  a  few  ot  the  leading  stores,  hotels,  rooming  houses,  restaurants,  schools, 
sanitariums,  hospitals,  etc.;  also  professional  men,  and  the  most  satisfactory  places  in  which  to  deal. 
As  it  is  not  our  intention  to  publish  a  complete  business  directory,  some  firms  equally  as  good  as  those 
we  have  listed  may  have  been  omited.  Still,  we  believe  that  those  who  consult  this  guide  will  be  satis- 
fied with  the  list  submitted.  The  variety  and  class  of  goods  handled,  as  well  as  the  reputation  of  the 
merchant,  has  received  careful  attention  in  each  selection  made,  with  the  idea  of  saving  our  readers  as 
much  time,  trouble  and  expense  as  possible. 


ART,  MUSIC,  8CHOOI.S  AND  COL- 
IiEG£S. 

Artists. 

J.  Bond  Francisco,  416-417  Blanchard 
Hall,  235  S.  Broadway. 

Business  Colleges. 

Los  Angeles  Business  College,  212  W. 
Third  St.,  Currier  Bldg.  Tel.  Black 
2651. 

The  Brownsberger  Home  School  of  Short- 
hand and  Typewriting,  903  S.  Broad- 
way. 

Business  Universities. 

Metropolitan  Business  University,  W.  C. 
Buckman,  Mgr.,  438-440  S.  Spring  st. 

Dancing  Academy. 

W.  T.  Woods,  740  S.  Figueroa  st.  Tel. 
Green  773. 

Dramatic   Training 

G.  A.  Dobinson.  Studio,  526  S.  Spring  st. 
(Training  of  the  speaking  voice  a 
specialty. ) 

Marbleized  Plaster  Medallions, 
Busts,  etc. 

Sarah  B.  Thatcher,  successor  to  Alfred 

T.  Nicoletti,  129  Kast  Seventh  st. 

Vocal  Instruction 

Madame  Genevra  Johnstone  Bishop. 
Studio,  Blanchard  Music  Building. 

Schools  and  Colleges. 

St.  Vincent's  College,  Grand  ave. 

Los  Angeles  Military  Academy,  west  of 

Westlake  Park.     P.  O.  Box  193,  City. 
Miss  French's  Classical  School  for  Girls, 

5 1 2  S.  Alvarado  st.    Tel.  Brown  1 652. 
Musical  Colleges 
Los  Angeles  Musical     College,   Bryson 

Blk.,  Second  and  Spring  sts.,  Edward 

Quinlan,  Director.     Tel.  Red  1083. 


Bernard  Berg  (pupil  of  Rubinstein), 
Colonial  Flat  16,  Broadway  and 
Eighth  St. 


Architects 


Arthur  Burnett  Benton,  1 14  N.  Spring  st. 

Tel.  Green  14. 
R.   B.   Young,   427  S.    Broadway.     Tel. 

Main  151. 
John   P.    Krempel,   415-416  Henne  Blk. 

Tel.  Main  663. 

Architect  Supplies 

Sanborn,  Vail  &  Co.,  133  S.  Spring  st. 

Acetylene  Gas  Generators  and  Calciu  m 
Carbide 

Hedden  &  Black,  746  S.  Main  st. 

Assayers,    Beflners  and   Bullion   Buyers 

Wm.  T.Smith  &  Co.,  114  N.   Main  st. 
Tel.  Brown  1735. 

Anyvo — Theatrical  Cold  Cream  Make  Up. 
Bouge  Gras 

Viole  &  Lopizich,  427  N.  Main  st.,  dis- 
tributing agents.     Tel.  Main  875. 

Banks 

California  Bank,  S.  W.   cor.    Second  st. 

and  Broadway. 
German-American  Savings  Bank,  N.  E. 

cor.  First  and  Main  sts. 
Los    Angeles    National    Bank    (United 

States  Depositary),  N.E.  cor.  First 

and  Spring  sts 
Security  Savings  Bank,   N.  E.  cor.  Sec- 
ond and  Main  sts. 
Southern  California  Savings  Bank,  150- 

152  N.  Spring  St. 
State  Bank  and  Trust  Company,  N.  W. 

cor.  Second  and  Spring  sts. 


Bakeries 

Ebinger's  Bakery,  cor.  Spring  and  Third 

sts.     Tel.  610. 
The  Meek  Baking  Co.     Factory  and  of- 
fice Sixth  and  San  Pedro  sts.     Tel. 

main  322.      Principal  store  226   W. 

Fourth  St.     Tel.  main  1011. 
Ahrens'  Bakery,  425  S.  Broadway. 
Mrs.  Angel's  Bakery,  830  W.  Seventh  st. 
Los]  Angeles  Bakery,  Jean  Dor^,   Prop. 

(French  Bread.)     846  Lyon  st.  cor. 

Macy. 
Karl   A.   Senz,  614  S.  Broadway.      Tel. 

Main  1411.     French  Pastry. 

Bamboo  Goods 

S.  Akita,  504  S.  Broadway 

Baths 

Hammam,  210  S.  Broadway.  Turkish 
and  all  other  baths  and  rubs,  25  cts. 
to$l. 

Beacli  Pebbles,  Moonstones,  Annates,  Sea 

Shells,  etc..  Dressed  and  Polished 

to  Order 

J.  A.  Mcintosh  &  Co.,  L.  A.  Steam  Shell 
Works,  1825  S.  Main  st. 

Bicycle  Dealers 

L,  A.  Cycle  and  Sporting  Goods  Co.,  319 

S.  Main  st. 
Central  Park  Cyclery,  G.  W.  Williams, 

prop.,   518  S.  Hill  st.      Tel.    Green 

1211. 

Bicycle  Insurance. 

The  California  Bicyclists  Protective  As- 
sociation, Chas.  J.  George  &  Co., 
Mgrs.,  208  Ivaughlin  Bldg.  Tel. 
Main  990. 

Bicycle  Biding:  Academy 

Central  Park  Cyclery,  W.  G.    Williams, 
prop.,  518  S.  Hill  st.  Tel.  Green  121 1. 
Books,  Stationery,  etc. 
Stoll  &  Thayer  Co.,  252-254  S.  Spring  st. 
B.  F.  Gardner,  305  S.  Spring  st. 

Botanic  Pharmacy 

Liscomb's  Botanic  Pharmacy,  Main  and 
Fifteenth  sts.     Tel.  West  68. 

Breeders  of  Thoroughbred   Belgians, 
Angoria  and  Russian  Babbits. 

The  Bonanza  Rabbitry,  Elmer  L.  Piatt, 
930  Grand  View  ave.    Circulars  free. 

Enterprise  Rabbitry,  Ax  &  Peet,  1006  W. 
Ninth  St.     Tel.  West  239. 
Building  and  Lioau  Associations 

The  State  Mutual  Building  and  Loan  As- 
sociation, 141  S.  Broadway. 
Carpet  Gleaning  Works 

Pioneer  Steam  Carpet  Cleaning  Works, 
Robt.  Jordan,  Mgr.,  641  S.  Broadway. 
Tel.  217  Main. 

Great  Western  Steam  Carpet  Cleaning 
Works,  H.  Himelreich,  Prop.  Cor. 
Ninth  and  Grand  ave.  (formerly 
Tenth  and  Grand  ave.)  Tel.  White 
5511. 


Carpenter  Work,  Jobbing,  Mill  Work 
Adams  Mfg.  Co.,  742  S.  Main   st.     Tel. 

Red  1048. 

Carriage  Works. 
J.  U.  Tabor  &  Co.  ( J.  U.  Tabor  and  G. 

N.  Rookhout).  cor.  Seventh  and  Los 

Angeles  sts.     Tel.  Main  1 27. 
Cooperative  Carriage  Works,  A.  Sperl, 

Mgr.,  337  E.  First  st. 

Clothing  and  Gent's  Furnishings 
London  Clothing  Co.,  117-125  N.  Spring 

St.,  s.  w.  cor.  Franklin. 
Mullen,  Bluett  &  Co.,  n.  w.  cor.  Spring 

and  First  sts. 

Confectionery,  Ice  Cream,  Sherbets,   etc. 
Wholesale  and  Betail 

Merriam  &  Son,   127  S.  Spring  st.     Tel. 

Main  475. 
M.  Broszey  &  Co.,  121  W.  Sixth  st.    Tel. 

Red  2033. 
Coal  Oil,  Gasoline,  Wood,  Coal,   etc. 

Morris-Jones  Oil   and  Fuel  Co.,    127  S. 
Broadway.     Tel.  Main  666. 
Collateral  Lioans 
G.  M.  Jones,  254  S.   Broadway,  rooms  1 
and  2  (Private  ofl5.ce  for  ladies).  Tel. 
Main  739. 

Curio  Stores 
Wm.  F.  Winkler,  346  S.Broadway. 

Delicacy  Store 
Ahrens*  Bakery,  425  S.  Broadway. 

Dentists 
Drs.  Adams  Bros.,  239^^  S.  Spring  st. 

Distilled  Water  and  Carbonated 
Beverages. 

The  Ice  and  Cold  Storage  Co.,  Seventh 
St.  and  Santa  Fe  Ry .  tracks.    Tel.  228. 

Druggists 

Boswell  &  Noyes  Drug  Co.,  Prescription 
Druggists,  300  S.  Broadway.  Tel. 
Main  125. 

F.J.Giese,  103N.Main  st.  Tel.Brown  310. 

Thomas  Drug  Co.,  cor.  Spring  and  Tem- 
ple sts.     Tel.  Main  62. 

H.  C.  Worland,  2133  E-  First  st.  Station  B. 

H.  B.  Fasig,  531  Downey  ave..  cor.  Tru- 
man St.,  East  L.  A.    Tel.  Alta  201. 

M.  W.  Brown,  1200  W.  Washington  st. 

Liscomb's  Pharmacy,  cor.  Main  and  Fif- 
teenth sts.     Tel.  West  68. 

Catalina  Pharmacy,  M.  Home,  prop.,  1501 
W.  Seventh  st.     Tel.  Green  112, 

Edmiston  &  Harrison ,  Vermont  and  Jef- 
ferson sts.     Tel.  Blue  4701. 

E.  P.  Deville,  cor.  Sixth  and  Spring  sts. 
Tel.  Main  799. 

J.  V.  Akey,  Central  and  Vernon  aves. 
Tel.  West  32. 

Chicago  Pharmacy,  F.  J.  Kruell,  Ph.G., 
Prop.  Central  ave.  and  Twelfth  st. 
Tel.  West  132. 

W.  A.  Home,  s.  w.  cor.  Adams  st.  and 
Central  ave.     Tel.  West  200. 

A.-  J.  Watters,  Cor.  Fifth  and  Wall  sts. 
Hughes  bldg.     Tel.  Black  1094. 


Boiueopathic  Pharmacist 

Boericke   &   Runyon  Co.,  320  S.  Broad- 
way.    Tel.  Main  504. 
Dry  Goods 

Boston  Dry  Goods  Store,  239  S.  Broadway. 

J.  M.  Hale  Co.,  107-9-10  N.  Spring  st. 
Dye  Works,  Cleauint^ 

American  Dye  Works,  J.  A.  Berg,  prop. 
Office  210>^  S.  Spring  st.  Tel.  Main 
850.  Works  613-615  W.  Sixth  st.  Tel. 
Main  1016. 

English  Steam  Dye  Works,  T.  Caunce, 
proprietor,  829  S.  Spring  st.  Tel. 
Black  2731. 

Door  and    Window  Screens    and    House 
Repairing 

Adams   Mfg  Co.,  742  S.   Main   st.     Tel. 

Red  1048. 

Electricians 
Woodill  &  Hulse  Electric  Co.,    108  W. 

Third  st.     Tel.  Main  1 125. 
Electric  Supply  and  Fixture  Co.,  541  S. 

Broadway.     Tel.  Main  831. 
Electrical  Commercial  Co.,  666  S.  Spring 

St.    Tel.  Main  1666. 

Employment  Agents. 
Hummel  Bros.  &  Co.,  300  and  302  West 

Second  st.  cor.  Broadway,  basement 

California  Bank  Bldg.      Tel.   Main 

509. 
Miss  Day's  Female  Employment  Office, 

121  j^  South  Broadway,  rooms  1  and 

3.     Tel.  Main  1179. 

Furnished  Rooms 
The  Seminole,  324  W.  Third  st.      Rate 

$3  per  week  and  up. 
The  Spencer,  3\d}4  W.  Third  st.      Rate 

$3  to  $5  per  week.     Tel.  Red  3351. 
The  Narragansett,  423  S.  Broadway,  opp. 

Van  Nuys  Broadway.     Tel.   Brown 

1373.     Rate  50c  per  day  and  up. 
The  Kenwood,  131  >^  S.  Broadway.     Rate 

$3  to  $6  per  week.    Tel.  Brown  1360. 
The  Hamilton,   521  S.  Olive  st.,  facing 

Central  Park.      Rate  $2  to  $5   per 

week. 
Miss  A.  A.  Ryan,  317  S.  Main  st.     Tel. 

Red  2046.     Rate  $2  to  $8  per  week. 
Menlo  Hotel,  Fritz  Guenther,  prop.,  cor. 

Main  and  Winston  sts.,  opp.  post- 
office.     Tel.  Brown  1221. 
The  London,  307^  W.  Second  st.      Tel. 

Green  1363.     Rate  $2  to  $5  per  week. 
The  Rossmore,  Mrs.  M.  J.  Knox,  prop  , 

416  W.  Sixth  St.      Rate   $1.50  to  $5 

per  week. 
The  Hafen,  Mrs.  M.  J.  Knox,  prop.,  344 

S.  Hill  St.    Rate$l  .50  to  |3  per  week. 
Hotel   Dearborn,   502 W.  Sixth  st.,  cor. 

Olive    ( under    new  management ). 

Rooms  single  or  en  suite.  Rate  $2  to 

$6  per  week. 

Fruit  and  Vegetables 
Marston  &   Co.,   320  Temple  st.      Tel. 

Main  1622.     (Shipping  solicited.) 
Rivers  Bros. ,  Broadway  and  Temple  st. 

Tel.  Main  1426.  (Shipping  solicited.) 
Ludwig  &  Mathews,  129-133  S.  Main  st. 

Tel.  550.     ( Shipping  solicited.) 


Fishy  Oysters  and  Game. 

(Familv  trade  solicited) 
Levy's,  1 1 1  W.  Third  st.    Tel.  Main  1284. 
Feather  Worlcs,  Mattresses,  Pillows, Etc  . 

Acme  Feather  Works,  Jas.  F.  Allen, 
Prop.,  513  S.  Spring  st.    Tel.  Black 

3151. 

Furniture,  Carpets  and  Draperies 

Los  Angeles  Furniture  Co.,  225-229  S. 

Broadway.     Tel.  Main  13. 
Southern  California  Furniture  Co.,  312- 

314  S.  Broadway.     Tel.  Main  1215. 
I.  T.  Martin,  531-3-5  S- Spring  st. 
Gas  Regulators. 

Los  Angeles  Gas  Saving  Association,  666 

S.  Spring  St.     Tel.  1666. 
Grilles,  Fretworlc,  Wood  Xoveltiet*,  Etc. 
Los  Angeles  Grille   Works,   610  South 

Broadway. 

Groceries 

Blue  Ribbon  Grocery,  B.  Wynns  &  Co., 

449  S.  Spring  st.    Tel.  Main  728. 
Despars  &  Son,  cor.  Main  and  Twenty- 
fifth  sts. 
H.  Jevne,  208-210  S.  Spring  st. 
C.  A.  Neil,  423  Downey  ave  ,  East  L.  A. 

Tel.  Alta  202. 
Marston   &  Co.,   320  Temple  st.      Tel. 

Main  1622 
Electric  Grocery,  1 603  S.  Grand  ave.  Tel. 

Blue  2612. 
Geo.   Williamson,    1436-38  S.   Main  st. 

Tel.  White  2062. 
O.Willis,  690  Alvarado  st.   Tel.  Main  1382. 
J.  C.  Rockhill,    1573  W.   First  St.,   cor. 

Belmont  ave.      Tel.  Main  789. 
T.  L.  Coblentz,  825  S.    Grand  ave.     Tel. 

Red  3011. 
J.  Lawrence,  Cool  Block,  cor.  Jefferson  st. 

and  Wesley  ave. 
Rivers  Bros.,  Broadway   and  Temple  st. 

Tel.  Main  1426. 
Smith  &  Anderson,  cor.  Pico  and  Olive 

sts.     Tel.  Blue  3966. 
J.  H.  Wyatt,  332  E.  Fifth  st.    Tel.  Brown 

973. 
The  99  Grocery,  T.  J.  Coy,  prop.,  4402 

Central  ave.     Tel.  West  32. 
Central  Avenue  Mercantile  Store,  Mrs. 

E.  Botello,  prop.,  1200  Central  ave. 

Tel.  Blue  2580. 
Power  House  Grocery,  J.   A.   Fazenda, 

prop.,  625  Central  ave.     Tel.  Green 

813. 

Haberdashers  and  Hatters. 
Bumiller  &  McKnight,  123  S.  Spring  st. 

Tel.  Main  547. 

Hair  Bazaar  and  Beauty  Parlors 

The  Imperial,  Frank  Neubauer,  prop., 
224-226  W.  Second  st.  Tel.  Black 
1381. 

Hard-wood  and  Parquetry  Flooring  and 
Enamel  Paints. 

Marshall  &  Jenkins,  430  S.  Broadway. 
Tel.  Green  16U. 


Hardware 

W.  A.  Russell,  204  S.  Broadway.     Tel. 

Main  47. 

Hay,  Grain,  Coal  and  Wood 
The  P.  J.  Brannen  Feed,  Fuel  &  Storage 

Co.,  806-810  S.  Main  st.      Tel.  Main 

419. 
William  Dibble,  cor.  Sixth  and  Los  An- 
geles sts.     Tel.  Green  1761. 
Grand  Avenue  Feed  &  Fuel  Co.,  A.  F. 

Cochems,    1514    Grand    ave.      Tel, 

West  227. 
A.   E.   Breuchaud,   841    S.   Figueroa  st. 

Tel.  Main  923. 
Enterprise  Fuel  and  Feed  Store,  Ax  & 

Peet,  1006  West  Ninth  st.     Tel.  West 

239. 
The  M.  Black  Co.,   306-308  Central  ave. 

Tel.  Brown  811. 
Dewey  Fuel  and  Feed  Yard,    F.  Divver, 

prop.,  Twenty-third  st.  and  Central 

ave.    Tel.  Blue  4046. 

Homeopatlilc  Pharmacist 
Boericke  &Runyon  Co.,  320  S.  Broadway. 

Tel.  Main  504. 

Hospitals 

The  California  Hospital,   1414  S.   Hope 

St.    Tel.  West  92. 
Dr.  Stewart's  Private  Hospital,  315  West 

Pico  St.    Tel.  West  14. 

Hotels 

Aldine  Hotel,  Hill  st.,  bet.  3rd  and  4th 

sts.    American  plan,  $1.50  per  day 

and  up.      European   plan,   $3.50  to 

$10.00  per  week. 
Hotel  Locke,  139  S.  Hill  St.,  entrance  on 

Second  st.     American  plan.     Rate 

$8.00  to  $12  per  week. 
Bellevue  Terrace  Hotel,  cor.  Sixth  and 

Figueroa  sts.  Rate,  $2  per  day  and  up. 
HoUenbeck  Hotel,  American  and  Europ- 
ean plan.  Second  and  Spring  sts. 
Hotel  Van  Nuys,   n.  w.    cor.    Main   and 

Fourth  sts.      American  plan,   $3  to 

$12  per  day;    European  plan,  $1   to 

$10  per  day. 
Hotel    Palms,    H.    C.    Fryman,     prop.. 

Sixth  and  Broadway.    American  and 

European  plans. 
Westminster  Hotel,  n.  e.  cor.  Main  and 

Fourth  sts.     American  plan,  $3  per 

day  and  up  ;  European  plan,  $1  per 

day  and  up. 
Hotel   Gray  Gables,   cor.  Seventh    and 

Hill  sts.     Rates  $1  to  $2  per  day. 
Hotel  Lillie,  534  S.  Hill  st.     Rate  $8  to 

$15  per  week. 
The  Belmont,  425  Temple  st.     Rate  $6.50 

per  week  and  up. 
Hotel  Grey,  n.  e.  cor.  Main  and  Third 

sts.    European  plan.      Rate,  $3.00  to 

$12  per  week. 

Japanese  Fancy  Goods 

Quong  Lee  Lnng  &  Co.,  350  S.  Spring  st. 
Jewelers  and  Watchmakers 

S  Conradi,  113  S.  Spring  st.    Tel.  Main 
1159. 


W.  T.  Harris,  cor.  First  and  Main  sts. 

Tel.  Red  2981. 

I^adies'   Tailor 
S.  Benioflf,  330  S.  Broadway. 

Ijaundries 
Acme  Steam  Laundry,  325-327  E.  Second 

St.     Tel.  Main  531. 
Crystal  Steam  Laundry,  W.J.  Hill,  Mgr., 

416-420  E.  First  st.     Tel.  Red  1932. 
Empire  Steam  Laundry,  1 49  South  Main 

St.     Tel.  Main  635. 

liiquor    Merchants 
H.  J.  Woollacott,  124-126  N.  Spring  st. 
Southern  California  Wine  Co.,  220  W. 

Fourth  St. 
Edward   Germain   Wine  Co.,  397-399  S. 

Los  Angeles  st.    Tel.  Main  919. 

liivery  Stables  and  Tally-hos 

Tally-ho  Stable  &  Carriage  Co.,  W.  R. 

Murphy  (formerly  at   109  N.  Broad- 
way), 712  S.  Broadway.     Tel.  Main 

51. 
Eagle  Stables,  Woodward  &  Cole,  122  S. 

Broadway.     Tel.  Main  248. 
Eureka  Stables,  323  W.   Fifth  st.     Tel. 

Main  71. 

Meat  Markets 

Norma  Market,   M.   T.   Ryan,     1818  S. 

Main  St.     Tel.  West  171. 
Crystal  Market,  Reed  Bros.,  2309  S.  Union 

ave.     Tel.  Blue  3131. 
Model  Market,  R.   A.  Norries,   831    W. 

Sixth  St.  cor  Pearl.     Tel.  979  Main. 
Boston  Cash   Market,  Jos.  Oser,  1156  S. 

Olive  St.     Tel.  West  126. 
Grand    Avenue    Market,   J.   A.   Rydell, 

22 1 8  S.  Grand  ave.     Tel .  White  32 1 1 . 
Pioneer  Meat  Market,  E.  Rudolph,  514 

Downey  ave..  East  L. A.   Tel.Alta208. 
Chicago  Market,  J.   Wollenshlager,  410 

S.  Main  st       Tel.  Main  779. 
Popular    Market,  J.  J.   Everharty,    205 

West  Fourth  st.     Tel.  Red  1289. 
Park  Market,  Chas    Kestner,  329  West 

Fifth  St.     Tel.  Red  925. 
Eureka  Market,  Jay  W.  Hyland,  cor.  7th 

St.  and  Union  ave.      Tel.  Main  1467. 
Oregon  Market,  Geo.  N.   Briggs,  prop., 

525  W.  Sixth  st.     Tel.  Red  2032. 
Floral  Meat  Market,  Frinier  &  Watkins, 

4404  Central  ave.     Tel.  West  32. 
Washington  Market,  J.  A.  McCoy,  Station 

•*  D,"  1214  W.  Washington  st.      Tel. 

Blue  3102. 

Men'g  Famishing^  Goods,  Notions,  Fancy 
Goods,  etc. 

Cheapside  Bazaar,  F.  E.  Verge,  2440  S. 
Main  st. 

Merchant  Tailors 

O.  C.  Sens,  219  W  Second  St.,  opp.  Hol- 

lenbeck  Hotel. 
Brauer  &  Krohn,  \\4}4  S.  Main  st. 
A.  J.  Partridge,    125   W.   First  st.     Tel. 

Green  13. 
M.  C.  Meiklejohn,  203  S.  Main  st.  Branch 

E  St.,  San  Bernardino. 


Mexican  BEand-Carved  I^eatlier  Goods 

H.  Ross  &  Sons,  352  S.  Broadway,  P.  O. 
box  902. 

Millinery 

Maison  Nouvelle,  Miss  A.  Clarke,  222  W. 
3rd  St.    Tel.  Main  1374. 

Mineral  Baths. 

Ivos  Angeles  Mineral  Baths  and  Springs, 
A.  Puissegur,  Prop. ,  cor.  Macy  and 
Lyon  sts.,  and  851  Howard  st. 
Modiste  ' 

Miss  H.  M.  Goodwin,  Muskegon  Block, 
cor.  Broadway  and  Third  st. 
Monamental  I>ealer8 

Lane  Bros.,  631  S.  Spring  St.,  Los  Ange- 
les, and  411  McAlister  St.,  San  Fran- 
cisco. 

Nurserymen  and  Florists 

Los  Angeles  Nursery.  Sales  depot  446 
S.  Main  st.  P.  O.  box  549.  (Special- 
ties, plant  and  cacti  souvenirs.) 

Elysian  Gardens  and  Nursery,  Ethel 
Lord,  prop.  City  depot  440  S.  Broad- 
way. Nursery  corner  Philleo  and 
Marathon  sts. 

Elmo  R.  Meserve.  Salesyard  635  S. 
Broadway.  Tel.  White  3226.  Nur- 
sery 2228  Sutter  st. 

Opticians 

Adolph  Frese,  126  S.  Spring  st. 

Boston  Optical  Co.,  Kyte  &  Granicher, 

235  S.  Spring  st. 
Fred  Detmers,  354  S.  Broadway. 
Osteopathy 

Pacific  School  of  Osteopathy  and  Infirm- 
ary, C.  A.  Bailey,  Pres.,  Tenth  and 
Flower  sts.    Tel.  West  55. 

Paints,  Oils  and  Glass 

Scriver  &  Quinn,    200-202  S.   Main  st. 

Tel.  565. 
P.  H.  Mathews,  238-240  S.  Main  st.    Tel. 

1025. 

Pawn  Brokers 

L.  B.  Cohn,  120-122  North  Spring  st. 

Pharmaceutical  Manufacturers. 

The  Salubrita  Pharmacal  Co.,  Mrs.  L.  W. 
Shellhamer,  lady  mgr  122  West 
Third  St.,  room  320.  (Fine  cosmetics 
a  specialty.) 

Photographers 

Townsend's,  340>^  S.  Broadway. 
Photographic  Material,  Kodaks,  etc. 

Dewey  Bros.,  326  South  Spring  st.  Tel. 
Black  3891. 

Pianos,  Sheet  Music  and  Musical 
Merchandise 

Southern  California  Music  Co.,  216-218 

W.  Third  St.     Tel.  585. 
Fitzgerald  Music  &  Piano  Co.,   113  S. 

Spring  St.     Tel.  Main  1 159. 


Williamson  Bros.,  327  S.  Spring  st.  Tel. 
1315  Brown. 

Geo.  T.  Exton,  327  S.  Spring  st.  Tel. 
1315  Brown.  (Agent  for  Regal  Man- 
dolins and  Guitars. ) 

Picture  Frames,  Artists'  Materials,  Sou- 
venirs 

Sanborn,  Vail  &  Co.,  133  S.  Spring  st. 
Ita  Williams,  354  S.  Broadway  and   311 
S.  Main  st. 

Pleating — Accordion  and  Knife 
Tucking,  Cording,  Pinking  and  Braiding 

Mrs.  T.  M.  Clark,  340^^  S.  Hillst. 

Printing,  Fngraving,  Binding 
Kingsley-Barnes  &  Neuner  Co.,  123  S. 
Broadway.     Tel.  Main  417. 

Bestaurants 

Ebinger's  Dining  Parlors,  cor.  Spring 
and  Third  sts.     Tel.  610. 

Saddlerock  Fish  and  Oyster  Parlors,  236 
S.  Spring  st.  (Private  dining  par- 
lors.) 

Maison  Doree  (French  Restaurant),  145- 
147  N.  Main  st.     Tel.  Main  1573. 

Seymour  Dining  Parlors,  318  West  Sec- 
ond St. 

The  Rival  Lunch  Counter  and  Restaur- 
ant, 115  W.  Second  St. 
Rubher  Stamps,  Stencils  and  Seals 

Los  Angeles  Rubber  Stamp  Co.,  224  W. 
First  St.     Tel.  Red  3941. 

Buberoid  Boofing  and  P.  &  B.  Boof 
Paints  and  Gravel  Boofing. 

Paraffine  Paint  Co.,  312-314  W.  Fifth  st. 

Safe  Dealers. 

The  Moser  Safe  Co.,  J.  H.  Britton,  Agt., 

338  N.  Main  st.     Tel.  Main  1347. 

Sewing  Machines  and  Bicycles 
Williamson  Bros.,  327  S.  Spring  st.     Tel. 

Brown  1315. 
Seeds  and  Agricultural  Implements 
Johnson  &  Musser  Seed  Co.,  1 13  N.  Main 

St.    Tel.  Main  176. 

Sheet  Metal  "Works,  Galvanized  Iron 

and  Copper  Cornices,  Sky  liights, 

Boofing,  etc. 

Union  Sheet  Metal  Works,   347   to   351 
Central  ave.     Tel.  Black  2931. 
Shirt  and  Shirt  Waist  Makers 

Machin  Shirt  Co.,  1 18^  S.  Spring  st. 

Bumiller  &  McKnight,  123  S.  Spring  st. 
Tel.  Main  547. 

Shoe  Stores 

W.  E.  Cummings,  Fourth  and  Broadway. 

Innes-Crippen  Shoe  Co.,  258  S.  Broad- 
way and  231  W.  Third  st. 

Waterman's  Shoe  Store,  122  S  Spring  st. 

Skinner  &  Kay,  sole  agents  Burt  &  Pack- 
ard "  Korrect  Shape  "  shoes,  209  W. 
Third  st. 

F.  E.  Verge,  2440  S.  Main  st. 

Sign  Writers  and  Painters 

S.  Bros.-Schroeder  Bros.,  121  E.  Second 
St.     Tel.  Main  561. 

Louis  Gaubatz,  234  E-  Second  st. 


Soda  IVorks  and  Beer  Bottlers 

Los  Angeles  Soda  Works  (H.  W.  Stoll  & 
Co.),  509  Commercial  st.     Tel.  Main 
103. 
Sporting  Goods  and  Bicycles 
L.  A.  Cycle  &  Sporting  Goods  Co.,  319 
S.  Main  st. 

Taxidermist  and  Naturalist 
Wm.  F.  Winkler,  346  S.  Broadway. 

Teas,  Coffees  and  Spices 
Sunset  Tea  &  Coflfee  Co.,  229  W.  Fourth 

St.     Tel.  Main  1214. 
J.  D.  I.ee  &  Co.,  130  W.  Fifth  st. 

Tents,  Awnings,  Hammocks,    Camp 
Furniture,  etc. 

Los  Angeles  Tent  &  Awning  Co.,  A.  W. 

Swanfeldt,    prop.,  220    S.   Main  st. 

Tel.  Main  1160. 
J.  H.  Masters,  136  S.  Main  st.     Tel.  Main 

1512. 

Trunk  Manufacturers,  Traveling 
Cases,  etc. 

D.  D.  Whitney,  423  S.    Spring  st.    Tel. 

Main  203. 
Upholstering,   Polishing,  Cabinet  'Work 
Broadway  Furniture  &  Upholstering  Co., 
521  S.  Broadway. 

Transfer  Co. 
(See  Van  and  Storage  Co's.) 


Undertakers 


Bresee  Bros,,  557-559  S.  Broadway.  Tel. 
Main  243. 

C.  D.  Howry,  509-511  S.  Broadway.  Of- 
fice Tel.  107  ;  Res.  Tel.  541. 

Peck  &  Chase  Co.,  433-435  S.  Hill  st. 
Tel.  61. 

Tan  and  Storage  Companies 

Bekins  Van  and  Storage  Co.  Office  436 
S.  Spring  st.;  Tel.  Main  19.  Ware- 
house, Fourth  and  Alameda  sts.;  Tel. 
Black  1221. 

TVall  Paper,  Boom  Moulding,  Decorating 

Los  Angeles  Wall  Paper  Co.,  309  S.  Main 
St.     Tel.  Green  314. 

New  York  Wall  Paper  Co.,  452  S.  Spring 
St.     Tel.  Main  207. 

Warehouse 

(See  Van  and  Storage  Co's.) 

Wood  Mantels,  Tiles,  Orates,  £tc. 

Chas.    B.   Marshall,   514  S.    Spring    st. 

Tel.  Brown  1821. 
Wood  Turning,  Grill  and  Cabinet  Work. 
The  Art  Mill  Co.,  649  S.  Spring  st.     Tel. 

Green  1638. 
Wood  Turning,  Scroll  and  Band  Sawing 
A.  J.  Koll,  335-337  E.  Second  st.      Tel. 

1242. 


PASADEXA    COMMERCIAL    BL,UE    BOOK. 

Pasadena  is  a  city  of  beautiful  homes.  Its  charming  location  near  the  Sierra 
Madre  mountains,  at  the  head  of  the  beautiful  San  Gabriel  valley,  and  its  proximity 
and  exceptional  railway  facilities  to  Los  Angeles,  make  it  at  once  popular  both  as  a 
winter  resort  to  tourists  and  a  suburban  residence  for  Los  Angeles  business  men. 
It  has  good  business  houses,  fine  churches  and  schools,  an  excellent  library, 
charming  drives  and  the  finest  hotel  in  the  section. 


Banks. 

First  National  Bank,  cor.  Fair  Oaks  ave. 
and  Colorado  st. 

Bakeries. 

C.  S.  Heiser,  22  West  Colorado  st.  Branch 
26  Pine  St.,  Long  Beach. 

Confectionery  and  Christopher's 
Ice  Cream. 

The  Hawaiian,  35  East  Colorado  st.    Tel. 
Black  1015.      Manufacturer  of  Stur- 
devant's  famous  Log  Cabin  Candy. 
Coal,  Wood,  Hay  and  Grain. 

J.  A.  Jacobs  &  Son,   100  East  Colorado 
St.     Tel.  Main  105. 

Druggists. 

Asbury  G.  Smith,  n.  w.  cor.  Raymond 

and  Colorado  sts.     Tel.  Main  171. 

Furniture,  Carpets  and  Draperies. 

Chas.  E.  Putman,  96-98  East  Colorado  st. 

Brown  &  Sutliff,  99-103  South  Fair  Oaks 

ave.     Tel.  99. 

Gymnasium,  Baths,  Massage. 

Rowland's  Gymnasium,  cor.  Green  and 

Fair  Oaks.     Tel.  Black  673. 


Groceries. 

W.  J.  Kelly,  55-57  East  Colorado  st.   Tel. 

86. 
Martin  &  Booher,  24  East  Colorado  st. 

Tel.  Main  54. 

Haberdashers  and  Hatters. 
F.  E.  Twombly,  28  East  Colorado  st. 
Harness  and  Horse  Furnishing  Goods. 

H.   I.   Howard,    117   East    Colorado    st. 
(Fine  custom  work  a  specialty.) 

Hotels. 

Carlton  Hotel,  25  East  Colorado  st.  In 
business  center  and  near  all  R.R. 
depots.  European  plan.  Rates,  50c. 
to  $1.00  per  day. 
Hotel  Mitchell,  cor.  Dayton  st.  and  Fair 
Oaks  ave.  American  plan.  Rates 
$2.00  per  day  and  up. 

Ice,  Distilled  Water,  etc. 

Independent  Ice  Co.,  cor  Raymond  ave.^ 

and  Union  st.     Tel.  Red  672. 

I^aundries. 

Pacific  Steam  Laundry,  254  South  Fair 

Oaks  ave.    Tel.  Main  72, 


i^ana  or  sunsnine  v.Kiminerciai  oiue  dook,  Kasaaena,  v^ai. 


Meat  Markets. 

City  Meat  Market,  John  Breiner,  83  Kast 

Colorado  st.     Tel.  60. 
East  Side  Market,  H.  h.  Flouruoy,  184- 

1 86  Kast  Colorado  st.   Tel .  Black  314. 

Mexican  Hand-Carved  I^eather  Goods. 

Leather  Novelty  Manufacturing  Co., 
L.  F.  Brown,  mgr.,  1 1  East  Colorado 

St. 

Millinery. 

Knox  &  McDermid  Millinery  Parlors, 
No.  9  Fair  Oaks  ave.,  First  National 
Bank  Bldg. 

Opticians. 

Drs.  F.  M.  &  A.  C.  Taylor,  31  East  Col- 
orado St. 


Kestaurauts  (Luuches  put  ap). 

Arlington  Restaurant  and  Bakery,  S.  F. 
Smiley,  prop.,  102  East  Colorado  st., 
second  door  west  Santa  F^  tracks. 

Mrs.  McDermid's  Delicacy  Bakery,  35 
East  Colorado  st. 

Steel  Ranges,   House  Furnishing  Hard- 
"ware,  Refrigerators*  etc. 

Pasadena  Hardware    Company,   No.    13 

East  Colorado  st. 

Undertakers. 
Reynolds  &  VanNuys,  63  N.  Fair  Oaks 

ave.     Tel.  52.     Proprietors  Pasadena 

Crematorium. 

Wall  Paper,  Mouldings,  Window  Shades, 
Paints,  Oils,  Varnishes. 


H.  E.  Lodge,  172  East  Colorado  st. 
Red  401 . 


Tel. 


ganta  ]y[onica  the  gem 

CONCERT  EVERY  SUNDAY  BY 

THE   CELEBRATED   LOS  ANGELES 
MILITARY  BAND  ^  ^  ^ 


Good  Bathing,  Fishing,  Eating,  Walking  ;  in  fact,  everything 
to  make  a  pleasant  day. 

SEATS    FOR    EVERYONE 


CONVENIENT  DEPOTS 
QUICK  TIME 


Via  Southern  Pacific 


Trains  leave  Arcade  Depot  daily  9:00  a.  m..  1:35  p.  m.,  5:15  p.  m.  Sundays  8:00,  9:00, 10:00, 11:00 
a.  m.,  1:00,  1:35,  6:15,  7:00,  7:45  p.  m.  All  trains  leave  River  btation  15  minutes  earlier,  stopping  at 
Naud  Junction,  Commercial  and  First  Streets. 

Last  train  returning  leaves  Santa  Monica  9:35  p.  m.         City  Ticket  Office,  261  South  Spring  St. 


For 


A  home-like  place 

A  cool  retreat 

A  pleasant  room 

Good  things  to  eat 

Our  Hotel  Rates  cannot  be  beat 


Horton  House 

J  San  Diego 
^  Cal — ^ 


W.  E.  HADLEY 

Proprietor 


llummei  Bros.  &  Co.,  Employment  Aoents,  300  W.  Second  St    Tel.  IVlain  509 


Santa  Fe 
Route 


Grand  Canon  of  Arizona 

Two  Hundred  Miles  Long,  Over  a  Mile  Deep,  and 
Painted  Like  a  Flower. 

Reached  only  by  the  SANTA  FE  ROUTE 

Stage  Leaves  Flagstaff  Mondays,  Wednesdays  and  Fridays. 
Returning,  Arrives  at  Flagstaff  Tuesdays,  Thursdays  and  Saturdays, 


ALTA  VISTA.  -..i.,w6, c.^,  ^j  ^...cr  Lippincott. 

SIX-HORSE  STAGES  MAKE  THE  TRIP  IN  TEN  HOURS 

Excursion  Rates 

from  all  points  on  the  Santa  Fe  Route 
UNO.  J.  BYRNE,  General  Passenger  Agent,  Los  Angeles 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  tnat  you  "  saw  it  in  ine  IvAKD  of  sunshikb.' 


Great 

Rock  Island 
Route 


Leave  Los  Angeles  every  Tuesday  via  the  Denver 
&  Rio  Grande  "  Scenic  Line,"  and  by  the  popular 
Southern  Route  every  Wednesday.  Low  rates  ; 
quick  time  ;  competent  managers  ;  Pullman  up- 
holstered cars  ;  union  depot,  Chicago.  Our  cars 
are  attached  to  tbe  "Boston  and  New  York 
Special,"  via  Lake  Shore,  New  York  Central  and 
Boston  &  Albany  Railways,  arriving  Boston  8:00 
p.  m..  New  York  1  p  m. 
For  maps,  rates,  etc.,  call  on  or  address. 

F.  W,  THOMPSON,  Gen.  Ag't. 
214  S.  Spring  St.  Los  Angeles. 

Personally  Conducted 

REDONDO  BY  THE  SEA 

17  Miles  from  liOS  Angeles 

Redondo  Railway  Time  Table 

In  effect  June  4,  1899 
Leave  Los  Angeles  Leave  Redondo 

9:30  a.m daily 8:00  a.m. 

1:30  p.m daily 11:00  a.m. 

5:30  p.m daily 4:15  p.m. 

11:30  p.m Saturday  only 6:30  p.m 

8:10  am Sundays 7:00  a  m- 

9:30  a.m Sundays 8:00  a.m. 

10:45  a.m Sundays 9:30  a.m. 

1:30  a.m Sundays 11:00  am. 

5:30  a.m. Sundays 4:15  am. 

7:00  p.m Sundays 5:45  p.m. 

L.  J.  PEaRY.  Superintendent,  Urand    Are.    and   Jefferson    St. 
City  office,  246  S   Spring  St.  Telephone  West  1. 


Pacific  Coast  Steamship  COr 

The  company's  elegaac  steam- 
ers SANTA  ROSA  and  CORONA 
leave  REDONDO   at  11   a.  m., 
and  PORT  LOS  ANGELES  at 
2:30  p.  m.,  for  San  Francisco  via 
.^anta  Barbara  and  Port  Harford, 
October  1,  5,  9,  13,  17,  21,  25,  29, 
r^ovember  2,  and  every  fourth 
;  day  thereafter. 
Leave  PORT  LOS  ANGELES  at  5:45  a.  m.,  and 
REDONDO  at  10:45  a.  m.,  for  San  Diego,  Oct. 
3,  7,  11, 15, 19,  23,  27,  31,  Nov.  4,  and  every  fourth 
day  thereafter. 

Cars  connect  via  Redondo  leave  Santa  F6  depot 
at  9:56  a.  m.,  or  from  Redondo  railway  depot  at 
9:30  a.  m.  Cars  connect  via  Port  Los  Angeles 
leave  S.  P.  R.  R.  depot  at  1:36  p.  m.,  for  steamers 
north  bound. 

The  steamers  COOS  BAY  and  BONITA  leave 
SAN  PEDRO  for  San  Francisco  via  East  San 
Pedro,  Ventura,Carpenteria,SantaBarbara,Goleta, 
Gaviota,  Port  Harford,  Cayucos,  San  Simeon. 
Monterey,  and  Santa  Cruz,  at  6  p.  m.,  Oct.  2,  6, 
10,  14, 18,  22,  26,  30,  Nov.  3,  and  every  fourth  day 
thereafter. 

Cars  connect  with  steamers  via  San  Pedro  leave   j 
S.  P.  R.R.    (Arcade  depot)    at   6:03  p.  m.,    and   ' 
Terminal  railway  depot  at  5:05,  except  Sunday, 
at  1:40  p  m. 

For  further  information  obtain  folder.  The 
company  reserves  the  right  to  change  without 
previous  notice,  steamers,  sailing  dates  and  hours 
of  sailing. 

W.   PARRIS,  Agent, 

124  W.  Second  Street,  Loa  Angeles. 

GOODALL,  PERKINS  &  CO., 

General  Agents,  San  Francisco. 


Holeproof  Shoes 

For  Boys'  and  Girls'  Wear.  You 
know  the  youngsters  delight  in  kicking 
their  shoes  to  pieces.  We  are  prepared 
for  them  with  our  $1.25,  |1.50,  $1.75  and 
$2.00  ::  ::  ::  ::  ::  ::  ::  ::  ::  :: 
SCHOOL  SHOES 

Mothers  say  they  never  saw  such  long  wear- 
ing shoes.  You  cannot  do  better  than  to  get  a 
pair  for  Johnnie.  Of  course  we've  shoes  for  every- 
body, but  that's  another  story. 

Dl   ANFY'Q         3^^  SOUTH   SPRING  ST. 

DLllillk  I      W  NEAR    COR.    FOURTH    ST. 


0 


CEANIC  S.  S.  CO.— nONOLlLl 
APIA,  AlCKLAND  and  SYDNE 

HONOLULU 


icEAMic  Steamship  6 

Only  Sterner  Une  to  tte WondtriMds  ofltie  Pacific 
■n,e  South  Sea  Islands. 

SPECIAL  RATES 

Fob  mausive  trips  ■ 

Hawaii, Samoa. Fiji. Tahiti,  etc. 

Send  10  cents  postage  fc 
"  Trip  to  Hawaii'^  with  fin 
photographic  illustrationi 
20  cents  for  new  edition,  < 
same,  with  beautiful  colored  plate  illustrations 
20  cents  postage  for  "  Talo/a,  Summer  Satl  < 
South  Seas,"  also  in  colors,  to  Ochanic  S.  S.  Co 
114  Montgomery  St.,  San  Francisco. 

Steamers  sail  to  Honolulu    twice 
month,   to    Samoa,    New    Zealand    an 
Sydney,  via  Honolulu,  every  28  days. 

J.  D.  SPRECKELS  BROS.  CO., 

114  Montgomery  Street,  San  Francisci 

HUGH  B.  BICE,  Agent, 

830  S.  Spring  St.,  I-os  Angeles,  Cal 


Hummel  Bros.  &  Co.,  "Help  Center."    300  W.  Second  St.    Tel.  Main  509 


Make  Your 
Advertising  Pay! 

Bright  and  clever  illus- 
trations will  do  it.  We 
make  them.  We  are  after 
your  business. 

C.  M.  DAVIS  CO., 

Engravers, 

123  S.  Broadway 

Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Telephone 
Main  417. 


has  for  sale 
the  largest 
collection 


F.H.MAUDE 

OF  PHOTOGRAPHS  of   the   GRAND 
CANON,  INDIANS  and  CALIFORNIA 

IWA  I  SPRING  ST.     lOS  AHGfLtS,  CAL 


A^  tiM  All  brings  good  returns  if  in- 
O IVI M  L.  L.  vested  in  a  MAGIC  LANTERN  or 
^  A  n  I  -«-  jt  I  Stereopticon  lor  exhibition 
w  M  r^  I  P  Ml-  purposes.  Write  for  256  page 
illustrated  catalogue.    Free. 

McRlllSTER,  MlQ.  Opticion,  49  NflSSOU  St.,  New  YOfk. 


,M>^ 


BEUCUS 
ACETYLENE 
GAS 
GENERATORS 

are  in  hundreds  of  resi- 
dences, business  places, 
chuiches.  halls,  etc  Ac- 
cepted by  the  Board  of 
Fire  Underwriters.  We 
are  offering 

Special    Inducements 
to  Agents 

and  users  who  first  intro- 
duce the  Beucus  in  their 
locality.  For  particulars 
address  H.  &  B.,  746  S. 
Main  St.,  Los  Angeles. 


•••••••• •••••••• •••••••• •••••••• •••••••• •••••••• •••••••• •••• •••••••• • 


EVERYBODY  GOES 
TO  SANTA  MOMCA 


Via 


Los  Angeles  Pacific  Electric  Ry. 


OUR  riYER 

Leaves 
Los  Angeles 
5:00,  5:30  and 

6:00,  p.  m. 
reaching  Santa 

Monica 
without    stops. 


It  provides  one  of  the  most  modern 
equipments  and    the   coolest   and   most 
scenic  route  in  Southern  California. 
For  Santa  Monica :     Cars  leave  Fourth  and  Broadway,  Los  Angeles,  via  Hill  and 
16th  streets,  every  half  hour  from  *6:30  a.  m.  to  7:30  p.  m.,  and  hourly  to  11:30  p.  m. 

Via  Bellevue  Ave.,  Colegrove  and  Sherman,  every  hour  from  *6:15  a.  m.  to  11:16  p.m. 
4:45  p.  m.,  5:46  p.  m.  and  11:46  p,  m.  to  Sherman  only.  Cars  leave  Plaza  lo  minutes  later. 
For  lios  Angeles  :  Cars  leave  Hill  Street,  Santa  Monica,  at  *5:60,  *6:10,  *6:40  a.  m., 
and  every  half  hour  from  7:10  a.m.  to  7:40  p.  m.,  and  hourly,  thereafter  to  10:40  p.  m. 
Sundays,  every  half  hour  from  7:10  a.  m.  to  7:40  p.  m.,  and  hourly  to  10:40  p.  m.  Leave 
band  stand.  Ocean  Ave.,  5  minutes  later. 

Cars  leave  Hill  Street,  South  Santa  Monica,  40  minutes  after  each  hour  from  6:40  a.  m. 
to  9:40  p.  m.    Connect  at  Morocco  cars  via  Sherman  and  Colegrove. 

*Except  Sundays.     Offices,  Chamber  of  Commerce  BIdg.,  4th  and  Broadway,  Lot  Angeles 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Land  of  buNSHUTK." 


Hi 


CREATES  A  PERFECT  COMPLEXION  £ 


Mrs.  Qraham's 


Flower  Cream 


It  cleanses,  whitens  and  beautifies  the 
skin,  feeds  and  nourishes  skin  tissues, 
thus  banishing  wrinkles.  It  is  harmless 
as  dew,  and  as  nourishing  to  the  skin  as 
dew  is  to  the  flower.  Price  $1.00  at  drug- 
gists and  agents,  ot  sent  anywhere  pre- 
paid. Sample  bottle,  10  cents.  A  hand- 
some book.  "How  to  be  Beautiful,"  free. 


GRAHAM'S   CACTICO    HAIR   GROWER 

TO    MAKE    HIS    HAIR    GROW,    AND 

QUICK    HAIR    RESTORER 


Cucumber  and  Elder  t 


m 

Hi 

Of 
ib 

I  MRS. 

yj  TO    RESTORE   THE    COLOR. 

it  Beth  guaranteed  harmless  as  water.    Sold  by  best  Druggists,  or  sent  in  plain  sealed 

>if  wrapper  by  express,  prepaid.    Price,  $1.00  each. 

J2  Foj[  sale  by  all  Druggists  and  Hairdealers. 

ilf  S*^  ai  for  FREE  BOOK  :     "  A  Confidential  Chat  with  Bald  Headed,  Thin  Haired  and 

il^  Orr^  paired  Men  and  Women."    Good  Agents  wanted. 

% 

Of 


KEDINGTON  &  CO.,  San  Francisco,  Gen.  Pacific  Coast  Agents. 
MRS.  GERVAISE  GRAHAM,  1250  Michigan  Ave.,  Chicago. 


«&«&C;^:^««C^««&&:^:lr&&&&&&&«&&«&#;^&&&&&&&€i&&^:&^:&&&&&&&&^«S: 


Hotel  Westminster.... 


American  and 

European  Plans 


LOS  ANGELES 


The 
Great 

TOURIST 

J     Hotel 

Of 

Los  Angeles 

Every  Modern 
Comfort  and 
Convenience  that  can 
be  found  in  any 
Hotel. 


Send  for  Illustrated  Booklet  on  Los  Angeles  and  environs. 

JOHNSON  &  FLINT,  Proprietors 


SOME    UNKNOW 

THE    MEXICAN    WIZAR 


N    MISSIONS         } 
VIZARD  S 


Illustrated 


THE  MAGAZINE  OF 

CAUFORNIA  AND  THE  WEST 

EDITED  BY  CHAS.E  LUMMIS. 


^^!F 

IW^ 

^ 

|i^j^^ 

%#:^i- 

B' 

■■^'^'■' 

-■'^jiiPlifJP';^ 

«^.c.  -  ^- 

*./-r  ^    V  "^-^ 

-" ■  'S^'.'  '■■^-  ^'-  '^'^  ' ^w 

■''« 

A  CALIFORNIA  SNOW-FIELD. 


E  CENTS 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE    PUBLISHING    CO.,    Incorporated 

1211/4  Snnfcli   RrnA(1\ir».v.  T.n»   Ane^AlAB. 


Zn  I  vc* 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  I^and  of  Sxnnuarm.' 


Make  Your 
Advertising  Pay! 

Bright  and  clever  illus- 
trations will  do  it.  We 
make  them.  We  are  after 
your  business. 

C.  M.  DAVIS  CO., 

Engravers, 

123  S.  Broadway 

Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Telephone 
Main  417. 


ASK 

UNCLE 

SAM 

Government  is 


Order  from 

the  **  Big  Store." 


to  bring  you  our  free  booklet 
on  home  furnishing. 

Let  him  bring  back  your  fall 
furniture  order. 

You'll  be  well  served.  The 
to  be  trusted,  and  so  are  we. 

^^  Niles  Pease  Furniture  Co, 

439-41-43  S.  Spring  St»,  Los  Angeles 


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to  7:30  pm  .  and  hourly  to  11:30  p  m.    Saturdays,  extra  cars  at  5  p.m.  and  6p.m.    Cars 

leave  Plaza  10  minutes  earlier. 

Via  Bellevue  Ave.,  Colegrove  and  Sherman,  every  hour  from  *6:15  a.  m.  to  11:15  p.m. 
and  11:45  p.  m.  to  Sherman  only.    Cars  leave  Plaza  10  minutes  later. 

For  lios  Angeles:  Cars  leave  Hill  Street,  South  Santa  Monica,  at *5:50,  ^6:40 a.  m., 
and  every  hour  to  10:40  p.  m.  Sundays,  7:40  a.m.  and  every  half  hour  from  8:40  a.  m.  to 
7:40  p.m.,  and  hourly  to  10:40  p.m.  Saturdays,  extra  cars  at  4:10  p.m.  and  5:10  p.m.  I^eave 
band  stand.  Ocean  Ave.,  5  minutes  later. 

Cars  leaving  Hill  Street,  South  Santa  Monica,  40  minutes  after  each  hour  from  6:40  a.m. 
to  9:40  p.m.  connect  at  Morocco  cars  via  Sherman  and  Colegrove. 
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npHE  PLEASURE  of  shopping  here  is  measured  only  by 
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LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 


Works  of  Chas.  F.  Lummis 


Published  by  Harper  &  Bros.,  N.  Y. 

The  Awakening  of  a  Nation ;  Mexico  today. 

Superbly  illustrated  from  photographs  made 
by  the  author  expressly  for  this  work.     $2.60. 

"  The  best  book  on  the  Republic  of  Mexico  that 
has  yet  been  pnhlisheo.."— Brooklyn  Eagle. 

"  He  is  as  complete  a  specimen  of  the  American 
as  could  be  found  in  a  day's  journey.  We  can,  in 
fact,  scarcely  recall  a  career  that  has  been  as 
wholly  unique  as  that  of  Mr.  Lummis.  Other 
men  have  been  as  extensive  travelers,  but  none, 
unless  we  except  some  of  the  Arctic  explorers, 
bave  seen  and  done  such  strange  things.  His 
name  is  an  assurance  that  the  task  he  has  set 
himself  here  would  be  well  done."— Philadelphia 
Telegraph. 

"  Among  the  few  Americans  who  have  made  a 
specialty  of  the  Southwest,  Chas.  F.  Lummis 
stands  out  by  reason  of  his  graphic  style,  his 
power  of  putting  things,  his  broad  human  nature 
and  his  cosmopolitanism.  If  he  had  done  noth- 
ing more  than  write  his  latest  book  on  Mexico, 
he  would  deserve  thanks. "  —  San  Francisco 
Chronicle. 

"  We  commend  most  heartily  the  discrimination 
a  jd  the  enthusiasm  with  which  the  author  has 
written  of  the  country  concerning  which,  through 
years  of  the  most  intimate  study,  he  has  become 
so  much  of  an  authority." — Boston  Herald. 

"  Unquestionably  the  most  entertaining  story 
of  modern  Mexican  life  and  character  which  has 
been  -vnnX-i-en.^^  —Boston  Journal. 

"  Mr.  LummJs's  work  has  been  approved  so 
generally  that  it  is  scarcely  needful  to  say  that  it 
offers  us  information  obtainable  nowhere  else." 
—Philadelphia  Bulletin. 

'*  As  fascinating  to  read  as  any  novel."— ./V.  Y. 
Commercial  Advertiser, 

'*  Not  a  somnolent  line  in  it.  Thoroughly 
grounded  in  Spanish-American  history,  with 
Spanish  at  tongue  and  pen's  end  and  an  extensive 
personal  acquaintance  wilh  the  lands  to  the  south 
of  us."— A^.  Y.  Nation. 


Published  by  Chas.  Scribner's  Sons,  N.  Y. 

The  Land  of  Poco  Tiempo.  niustrated.  $2.50 

"  A  charming  volume.  "—ZA(»  Academy,  London. 
"  Uniformly  and  surpassingly  brilliant." 

— Boston  Traveller. 

The  King  of  the  Broncos,  and  other  stories 

of  New  Mexico.  Illustrated  by  V.  Perard 
from  photos,  by  the  author.  With  portrait. 
11.26. 

"Pictures  no  other  writer  has  been  able  to 
equal,  for  no  one  else  knows  this  life  as  Lummis 
knows  it  "—San  Francisco  Chronicle. 

"  Know  of  no  writer  in  America  who  has  a  more 
fascinating  style,  in  his  particular  field.  His 
work  stirs  the  blood." 

—Cincinnati  Commercial  Tribune. 

"  Mr.  Lummis  seems  likely  in  time  to  take  the 
place  of  Bret  Harte  and  Joaquin  Miller  as  literary 
representative  of  the  wild  and  gorgeous  west. 
Certainly,  no  one  of  his  age  is  writing  stories  so 
stirring,  so  full  of  the  local  color  of  the  region  of 
Sierra,  Mesa,  Canon."— ZA^  Critic,  N.  Y. 

'*  No  one  who  really  knows  that  Southwestern 
country  can  compare  with  him  in  the  power  of 
making  its  characteristics  live  in  books." 

— Boston /owrna/  of  Education. 

A  New  Mexico  David,  and  other  stories  of 

the  Southwest.     Illustrated.     $1.25. 
"Vigorous  and  novel  studies  .  .  .  as  distinctly 
valuable  as  they  are  vividly  interesting." 

— Boston  Commonwealth. 

A  Tramp  Across  the  Continent.    $1.25. 

"  His  book  has  such  heart  in  it,  such  simplicity 
and  strength,  it  is  as  good  to  read  as  any  story  of 
adventure  may  be." 

— The  Saturday  Review,  London,  Eng. 


Published  by  the  Century  Co.,  N.  Y. 

Some  Strange  Corners  of  Our  Country. 

Illustrated.    I1.50. 

"  He  has  written  a  great  book,  every  page  of 
which  is  worth  a  careful  reading." 

—Mail  and  Express,  N.  Y. 

"  The  most  unique  and  perhaps  the  most  de- 
lightful and  interesting  book  yet  written  on 
American  history." 

—  Thomas  IVentworth  Higgtnson. 

The  Man  who  Married  the  Moon,  and  other 
Pueblo  Indian  Folkstories.  Illustrated 
by  George  Wharton  Edwards.    $1.50. 

"  Deserves  to  be  classed  with  the  best  of  its 
kind  yet  produced  in  our  country." 

—  The  Nation,  N.  Y. 

"  We  can  insist  on  the  great  pleasure  some  of 
these  stories  must  give  the  reader ;  and  one, '  The 
Mother  Moon,'  is  as  poetic  and  beautiful  as  any- 
thing we  have  ever  read,  in  or  out  of  folklore." 
—N.  Y.  Times. 

The  Gold  Fish  of  Gran  Chimu.   IL50 

A  story  of  Peruvian  adventure.  Superbly  illus- 
trated from  the  author's  photographs  and  from 
antiquities  exhumed  by  him  in  the  ruins  of  Peru. 

"  Novel  and  touching.  .  .  .  The  spirit  throughout 
is  alert  and  gay,  and  the  sympathy  with  delicately 
strung  natures  charming  :  even  the  literal  trans- 
lation of  a  foreigfn  idiom  (a  very  dangerous  ex- 
periment) adds  to  the  grace  and  naturalness  of 
Mr.  Lummis'stale."— rA«./Va/ion.  A^.  Y. 

"An  absorbing  tale  so  realistically  told  one 
almost  believes  it  true." 

— San  Francisco  Argonaut. 


Published  by  Herbert  S.  Stone  &  Co.,  Chicago. 

The  Enchanted   Burro;   stories  of  New 

Mexico  and  Peru.  15  full-page  illustrations 
by  Chas.  Abel  Corwin  from  the  author's 
photographs.    $1.50. 

"We  have  today  no  storyteller  who  blends 
literary  grace  and  scientific  accuracy  quite  so 
acceptably."— Los  Angeles  Express. 

*•  Twelve  short  stories  which  are  crisp  and  clear 
as  gems.  So  vivid,  so  convincing,  that  the  reader 
feels  that  his  own  eyes  have  had  glimpses  of 
scenes  remote  but  no  longer  unfamiliar." 

—  The  Bookman,  N.  Y. 

"These  stories  make  a  distinct  place  for  them- 
selves in  the  annals  of  fiction." 

— Boston  Herald. 

"  Lummis  is  one  of  the  few  careful  writers  of 
English  in  America  ;  he  is  also  one  of  the  few 
who,  writing  of  a  locality,  are  absolute  authorities 
on  that  place  "—Town  Topics,  N.  Y. 


Published  by  A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co.,  Chicago. 

The  Spanish  Pioneers.  Illustrated.  I1.50. 

"  At  times  quite  as  brilliant  as  Parkman." 

—Boston  Traveller. 

"  The  world  has  accepted  this  young  man,  ha 
found  that  there  was  much  to  learn  in  the  direction 
of  his  interests,  found  that  he  was  an  attractive 
and  reliable  guide  ;  and  he  has  not  been  long  in 
coming  to  a  point  where  he  is  regarded  as  master 
of  his  field."— 7%^  Interior,  Chicago. 


Hummel  Bros.  &  Co.,  furnish  best  help.    300  W.  Second  St.    Tel.  Main  509. 


Harper's  Magazine 

For  1900. 

25    A  COPY.  %p3.U0    YEAR. 

With  the  December  Number  Harper's  Magazine  will 
enter  upon  its  looth  volume  under  circumstances  of 
exceptional  advantage.  Although  reduced  in  price,  the 
Magazine  will  maintain  its  position  as  the  leading  Ameri- 
can monthly. 

Among  the  Serials  which  wili  appear  are 


ELEANOR, 

A  NOVEL. 

By  Mrs.   Humphrey   Ward.     The 

action  takes  place  in  Italy.  The  story 
is  illustrated  by  Albert  E.  Sterner  from 
drawings  made  among  the  scenes  de- 
scribed. 


THE  MANTLE 
OF  ELIJAH. 

By  I.  Zangwill.  A  story  of-  English 
political  and  social  life,  which  is  to  be 
dramatized  immediately  after  its  ap- 
pearance in  the  magazine.  Pictures 
by  Louis  Loeb. 


A  BICYCLE  OF  CATHAY. 

By  Franic   R.   Stoclcton.      A  romance  in  the  author's  most  amusing  vein. 

There  will  also  be 

A  Story  by  Mark  Twain, 

A  Novelette  by  Gilbert  Parker, 

A  Sketch  by  Rudyard  Kipling, 

and  short  stories  by  Thomas  Hardy,  Dr.  C.  W.  Doyle, 
Angel  DeCora,  Owen  Wister,  Stephen  Crane,  W.  W. 
Jacobs,  Seumas  MacManus,  and  articles  on  Travel,  Ex- 
ploration and  Adventure  by  Archibald  Colquhoun,  Julian 
Ralph,  Sir  Martin  Conway,  Poultney  Bigelow  and 
Charles  F.  Lummis. 


HARPER  &  BROTHERS,  Publishers,  New  York  and  London. 


"Your  Mother's  Mother  Read  It" 


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^  ^  CHRISTMAS    OFFER  ^  ^ 

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of  this  Magrazine  of  California  and  the  West. 

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Profuse  illustration.     Able  and  fearless  editing. 

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The  Magazine  of  California  and  the  West 

EDITED  BY  CHAS.  F.  LUMMIS 

The  Only  Exclusively  Western  Magazine 

AMONG    THE    STOCKHOLDERS    AND    CONTRIBUTORS    ARE: 

DAVID  STARR  JORDAN  WILI^IAM  KEITH 

President  of  Stanford  University.  The  greatest  Western  painter. 

THEODORE  H.  HITTELL  ^R-  WASHINGTON  MATTHEWS 

T*!-    Tx-  i     •         r  r^  Mf      z  Ex-Prest.  American  Folk-I,ore  Society. 

The  Historian  of  California.  ' 

MARY    HALLOCK  FOOTE  ^^'   ®^^^^??e  nStorfan  of  Lewis  and  Clark. 

Authorof  7>.  Z.d.Horse  C/a^Vn. etc.  ^^^     PARKER  WINSHIP 

MARGARET  COLLIER  GRAHAM  The  Historian  of  Coronado's  Marches. 


Author  of  Stories  of  the  Foothills. 


FREDERICK  WEBB  HODGE 


GRACE  ELLERY  CHANNING  of  the  Bureau  of  mhnology,  Washington. 

Author  of  The  Sister  of  a  Saint,  etc.  GEO.   HAMLIN  FITCH 
ELLA     HIGGINSON  Uterary  Editor  S.  F.  CAr<>n«cfe. 

Author  of  A  Forest  Orchid,  etc  CHARLOTTE  PERKINS  STETSON 

JOHN  VANCE  CHENEY  Author  of  In  This  Our  World. 

Author  of  Thistle  Drift,  etc.  ^jj^g     HOWARD  SHINN 

CHARLES  WARREN  STODDARD  Author  of  The  Story  of  the  Mine,  etc. 

The  Poet  of  the  South  Seas.  _,     _.     ,,  .  ^,  ^^^^^^ 

T.  S.  VAN  DYKE 
INA  COOLBRITH  Author  of  Rod  and  Gun  in  California,  etc. 

Author  of  Songs  from  the  Golden  Gate,  etc. 

EDWIN  MARKHAM  ^^^t-otJ^fW^^^CMomX^.  Kc^A.my 

Author  of   77!*  Man  with  the  Hoe.  of  sciences. 

JOAQUIN  MILLER^  ^^^  ^^_  ^^^^^^  ^,  ^^^^^^ 

ALKX.  F.  HARMER 


The  Poet  of  the  Sierras. 


CHAS.  FREDERICK  HOLDER 

Authorof  TheLifeof  Agassiz,etc.  L.   MAYNARD  DIXON 

CONSTANCE  GODDARD  DU  BOIS  illustrators. 

Author  The  Shield  of  the  Fleur  de  Us.       CHAS.   DWIGHT  WILLARD 
BATTERMAN  LINDSAY,     ETC.,     ETC. 


CONTENTS  FOR  NOVEMBER,  1899 : 


pAOB 


The  First  Rain '. Frontispiece 

Dry  Loco  Weed  (poem),  Grace  A.  Luce 307 

The  Mexican  Wizard,  illustrated 308 

Some  Unknown  Missions  of  California,  Constance  Goddard  Du  Bois 317 

"Tennessee"  and  "Partner,"  illustrated,  Ralph  E.  Bicknell 325 

The  Nature  of  the  Beast ;  Old  California  Natural  History,  illustrated,  Juan  del  Rio  328 

My  Brother's  Keeper,  Chas.  F.  Lummis 332 

Invitation  (poem),  Louisa  M.  Groshon 335 

Pioneers  of  the  Far  West — history  of  California  and  New  Mexico,  1528-1626,  by 

Fray  Geronimo  Zarate-Salmeron  336 

In  the  Lion's  Den  (by  the  editor) ^ 347 

That  Which  is  Written  (reviews  by  the  editor) 351 

The  Land  We  Love,  illustrated 356 

California  Babies,  illustrated 359 

Entered  at  the  Los  Ansfeles  Postoffice  as  second-class  matter. 
SEE   publisher's  PAGE. 


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THB     LANDS    OF    THE    SUN     EXPAND    TH«    SOUL.' 


Vol.  11,  No.  6. 


LOS  ANGELES 


NOVEMBER,  1899. 


! 


San  Diego,  Cal 


Dry  Loco-weed. 

BY   GRACE   ADELAIDE    LUCE. 

HEAR  it  now  as  I  heard  it  then 

Along  the  sandy  reaches, 
Within  a  wandering  whisper 

Of  the  crooning,  southern  beaches — 
That  lonesome  sound  along  the  ground, 
That  runs  the  island  o'er  ; 

A  tiny  musketry  to  roar — 
A  promise  gone  to  seed — 
The  rattle  of  the  loco-weed 

That  grows  along  the  shore. 

A  fanfare  brave  the  silence  gave 

Athwart  the  treeless  spaces. 
Like  warning  signal  of  the  snakes, 

That  coil  in  dryest  places, 
That  lusty  sigh  beneath  the  sky — 
A  cheerful  lisping  lore 

Of  solitudes  the  hares  explore, 
Afar  from  hunters'  greed — 
The  rattle  of  the  loco-weed 

That  grows  along  the  shore. 

I  love  it  now  as  I  loved  it  then, 

A  sound  of  winnowing  wind, 
At  work  among  the  drying  herbs 

That  starving  cattle  find. 
A  cadence  low,  the  warm  stars  know, 
When  day  has  wandered  o'er, 

A  blithe  complaint  of  sunshine  more 
Than  any  hint  of  need — 
The  rattle  of  the  loco-weed, 

That  grows  along  the  shore. 


Copyright  1899  by  Land  of  Sunshine  Pub.  Co 


m 


309 
"  The  Mexican  Wizard. 

HIS  magazine  seems  to  have  been  the  only  periodical  in 
the  United  States  which  was  apprised  two  months  ago 
that  Porfirio  Diaz,  President  and  creator  of  modern 
Mexico,  probably  would  not  be  able  to  visit  this  country  this 
fall,  as  interested  promotors  had  scheduled  him  to  do.  As  may 
be  seen  by  reference  to  the  September  number,  Prest.  Diaz 
wrote  Aug.  17  to  this  magazine  :  * 'Agreeable  as  it  would  be 
to  me  to  visit  that  handsome  country,  at  present  my  ofi&cial 
cares  do  not  permit  me  to  do  so. ' '  Up  to  within  a  few  days  ot 
the  Chicago  function  which  he  was  expected  to  grace,  the 
newspapers  were  arranging  their  biographies  and  romantic 
sketches,  and  everyone  seems  to  have  been  expecting  the  hero 
whose  life  has  been  more  romantic  than  any  fiction  ever  writ- 
ten, and  whose  statesmanship  secures  his  position  as  one  of 
the  ten  greatest  rulers  in  all  human  history.  At  the  last  mo- 
ment, almost,  the  official  announcement  was  made  that  he 
could  not  visit  us.  The  sickness  of  his  young  and  beautiful 
wife  —  whom  no  one  in  Mexico  calls  by  formal  title  but 
everyone  knows  and  loves  as  "Carmelita" — made  it  impossi- 
ble to  leave  home  even  for  a  brief  tour.  In  his  place  he  sent 
the  second  man  in  Mexico,  that  fine  scholar  and  gentleman 
Sr.  Lie.  Don  Ygnacio  Mariscal,  vice-president  of  the  republic 
and  Secretary  of  Foreign  Relations.  Next  to  Diaz  himself,  no 
Mexican  statesman  could  be  more  welcome  in  this  country — 
where  no  other  is  so  well  known.  A  master  of  international 
law,  several  times  Secretary  of  State,  Mexican  Minister  to 
Washington,  and  of  other  high  honors  in  his  native  land,  a 
trained  diplomat,  a  master  of  English,  Sr.  Mariscal  has  been  a 
tower  of  strength  to  the  cabinet  of  his  great  chief,  and  the 
United  States  is  entitled  by  many  selfish  considerations  to  give 
him  warm  welcome. 

It  is  nevertheless  a  great  disappointment  that  Diaz  himself 
could  not  revisit  the  great  republic  which  has  learned,  despite 
provincialism  and  race  prejudice,  to  honor  him  as  one  of  the 
world's  great  men.  And  the  occasion  may  be  taken  for  a  very 
brief  sketch  of  his  marvelous  career — this  man  who  has  made 
a  truly  great  nation  from  more  chaotic  material  than  states- 
men ever  worked  on  before. 

Porfirio  Diaz  was  nobody,  a  little  over  half  a  century  ago — 
nobody,  that  is,  but  a  poor  orphan  boy  in  the  little  earthquake 
city  of  Oaxaca,  in  Southern  Mexico  ;  working  his  way 
through  an  obscure  college  and  studying  law — having  turned 
his  back  on  the  priesthood  to  which  he  had  been  dedicated. 
Today  he  is  the  autocrat  of  fifteen  millions  of  people — and  not 
merely  autocrat  but  idol.  The  Czar  has  no  more  power  ;  but 
no  Czar  ever  used  his  power  so  wisely  and  none  was  ever  so 


3IO  LAND    OF  SUNSHINE. 

beloved .  For  that  matter,  no  president  of  the  United  States 
was  ever  so  universally  admired,  trusted  and  loved  during  his 
term  of  office.  We  always  have  an  Opposition — and  Mexico 
has  been  used  to  having  several.  But  she  has  found  at  last  a 
man  before  whom  all  opposition  has  melted.  There  is  no 
party  against  the  administration.  There  are  a  few  *'anti" 
newspapers — but  it  is  mostly  a  form.  For  Mexico  is  not  par- 
ticularly a  fool — even  though  green  travelers  find  the  country 
wrong  because  it  is  not  run  for  their  benefit.  It  knows  when 
it  is  well  off ;  and  so  long  as  Diaz  can  or  will  hold  the  reins 
there  is  no  sober  Mexican  (and  of  late  years  hardly  a  drunken 
one)  that  would  for  a  moment  wish  them  in  any  other  hands. 

There  have  been  several  reasons  for  this  change  from  un- 
rest, revolution,  bankruptcy  and  brigandage  to  national  suc- 
cess and  content ;  all  focussing  on  the  fact  that  Diaz  is  a  great 
man  in  all  ways.  A  man  whom  only  ignorance  will  deny  a 
place  in  the  same  rank  with  our  two  greatest  men,  Washing- 
ton and  Ivincoln.  Indeed,  he  combines  much  of  the  qualities  of 
the  two. 

In  the  first  place  he  won  the  hearts  of  his  countrymen  by 
perhaps  the  most  brilliant  and  romantic  military  career  in  all 
the  history  of  America.  His  battles  (and  they  were  more 
than  fifty)  were  all  won  at  the  head  of  his  men  and  nearly 
every  one  against  odds.  They  were  mostly  with  half-licked 
peons  against  the  flower  of  a  European  army.  It  was  very 
much  as  if  Aguinaldo  should  whip  our  forces  in  a  pitched 
battle — in  which  case  it  would  certainly  not  be  the  troops  that 
did  it,  but  their  general.  So  it  was  when  the  green  boy  law- 
yer of  Oaxaca  chased  the  outnumbering  French  armies  ofi*  the 
landscape.  **  Better  an  army  of  sheep  with  a  lion  for  a  leader 
than  an  army  of  lions  with  a  sheep  for  a  leader."  Certainly 
the  Mexican  rank  and  file  were  not  —  and  are  not — exactly 
sheep,  as  we  must  admit  so  long  as  we  talk  of  Chapultepec, 
where  Scott's  veterans  had  all  they  wanted  with  the  15-year- 
old  boys  of  the  Mexican  cadets.  But  no  sane  person  would 
compare  them,  in  discipline  or  equipment — or  numbers — with 
the  seasoned  legions  of  Bazaine  and  Forey.  And  it  was  the 
lion  leader  that  won  for  Mexico  and  spoiled  the  investment  of 
the  Third  Napoleon. 

War  is  one  thing  ;  and  of  course,  though  peace  outnumbers 
war  in  years,  it  is  always  commoner  to  find  great  generals  than 
great  statesmen.  In  battle,  Diaz  showed  the  directing  power 
of  a  Grant,  with  the  crusading  dash  of  a  Custer,  a  Roosevelt 
or  a  Funston  ;  and  in  literal  truth  his  personal  perils  and  ad- 
ventures outclass  all  three  of  these  splendid  heroes  in  a  lump. 
But  the  rarer  quality,  though  several  times  clearly  foreshown 
in  the  lull  of  battles,  was  never  generally  realized  until  Diaz 
came  up,  by  the  once   expected   stormy  ways,  to  be  Presi- 


#■ 


.^.,1^ 

^ 

M'^' 

.1^^ 


C.  M.  Davis  Eng.  Co. 


C.  M.  Davis  Eng.  Co.  Plioto.  by  C.  F.  Lummis. 

PRESIDENT   DIAZ   AND   CABINET   INSPECTING   THE   GREAT   DRAINAGE    CANAL 

OF   MEXICO. 


M.  Davis  Enp.  Co. 

SR.    Lie.    DON    YGNACIO    MARISCAL,    VICE-PRESIDENT   OF   MEXICO. 


314  LAND    OF  SUNSHINE. 

dent  of  Mexico.  The  country  was  then  all  our  bilious  fancy 
paints  of  the  Spanish-American  "republics" — bankrupt,  torn, 
volcanic,  and  moth-eaten  with  thievery.  Office  was  a  place  in 
which  to  steal,  with  more  or  less  politeness ;  the  roads  were 
simply  infested  with  brigands.  There  were  no  railroads,  no 
telegraphs,  no  security  in  person  or  in  property.  Official 
thieving,  highway  robbery  and  assassination  were  chronic  ; 
and  Mexico  was  about  as  much  like  our  idea  of  a  republic  as 
— well,  as  Sulu  is.  Today  the  remotest  country  road  in  Mex- 
ico is  safer  than  any  street  in  New  York  city.  There  are  no 
brigands,  no  stage-robbers,  no  train  ' '  holdups. ' '  The  country 
is  netted  with  railroads  and  telegraphs — and  has  fewer  train 
wrecks  in  proportion  to  mileage  than  the  United  States  has, 
for  in  Mexico  somebody  is  always  responsible. 

All  this  is  thanks  to  Diaz.  He  has  done  it  all,  and  almost 
out  of  whole  cloth.  The  public  service  is  at  least  as  clean  as 
ours.  All  over  the  republic  the  free  public  school  is  at  work 
— in  every  village.  In  every  State  excellent  normal  schools, 
are  training  the  teachers.  There  are  manual  training  schools 
technical  schools,  colleges  and  universities,  hard  at  work  — 
and  none  of  them  to  be  sneezed  at.  There  are  as  free  and  full 
educational  facilities  for  girls  as  for  boys.  And  in  all  Mexican 
schools  above  the  primary,  English  is  a  compulsory  study. 
Diaz  again. 

Materially,  the  nation  has  been  as  marvelously  uplifted.  Its 
credit,  before  worthless,  is  now  first-class.  Instead  of  falling 
into  debt  it  is  steadily  climbing  out.  It  is  making  enorm- 
ous public  improvements — harbors,  drainage,  and  all  that — 
and  has  multiplied  manufactures  in  a  degree  perhaps  without 
precedent. 

Above  all,  it  has  changed  its  political  temper  absolutely. 
Only  twenty  years  ago  it  was  one  of  the  uneasiest  countries  on 
earth  ;  today  it  is  one  of  the  quietest  and  most  compact. 

All  this  is  the  handiwork  of  Porfirio  Diaz.  He  is  69  years 
old  now  —  though  almost  incredibly  young  for  his  age.  In 
the  nature  of  things,  he  cannot  last  forever.  But  he  has  ap- 
prenticed Mexico  to  progress  and  good  government ;  and  who- 
ever shall  succeed  him  will  find  it  incomparably  easier  and 
safer  to  continue  on  the  same  patriotic  lines.  Any  doubts  as 
to  the  future  of  Mexico  are  confined  to  them  that  are  ignorant 
of  its  real  present.  It  is  a  republic  even  our  older  and  greatest 
one  need  not  blush  to  call  sister  ;  and  if  the  wonderful  man 
who  has  made  her  what  she  is  cannot  come  in  person  to  re- 
ceive the  evidences  of  our  distinguished  consideration,  we  can 
send  him,  at  least,  greetings  of  good  will.  Viva  Porfirio,  and 
the  example  of  a  man  !  L. 


C.  M.  Davis  Eog.  Co.  Photo,  by  C.  F.  Luninais. 

THE   president's   reception    ROOM,    CHAPUI.TEPEC. 


C.  M  Davis  Eng.  Co 


THE    UPPER    COURT,     CHAPULTEPEC.  Photo,  by  C.  F.  Lummis. 


3'7 


Some  Unknown  Missions  of  Cali- 
fornia. 


BY  CONSTANCE  CODDARD    DU    BOIS. 

And  there  hA  made  with  wattles  from  the  marsh 
A  little  lonely  church  in  days  of  ycre. 

—Tennyson. 


HE  traveler  in  California,  curious  of  novelty, 
is  sure  to  have  his  attention  early  directed 
to  the  Mission  churches,  a  few  intact,  some 
restored,  and  many  in  ruins,  which  remain 
as  monuments  to  the  zeal  and  fidelity  of  the 
Spanish  priests  who  founded  them,  carrying 
the  cross  and  its  message  in  a  pathway 
opened  by  the  sword. 
Those  were  toilsome  journeys  which  the  missionaries  took 


C.  M.  Davis  Eng.  Co. 


THE   BEIvLS    OF   SANTA    YSABEI.. 


Illustrations  from  photos  by  the  author. 


3i8  LAND    OF  SUNSHINE. 

through  desolate  wastes  and  tangled  wilds.  It  was  no  easy- 
task  to  teach  and  civilize  a  nation  of  untamed  savages ;  but 
sincerity  of  purpose  gave  success  to  their  labors,  and  the  seed 
which  they  planted  still  bears  a  visible  harvest. 

The  mission  churches  arose  in  the  wilderness,  here  beneath 
the  shadowing  mountains,  there  beside  the  shining  sea,  or  far 
in  uplying  valleys  where  acre  upon  acre  of  wild  grass  waved 
in  the  wind.  Soon  the  wastes  were  smiling  gardens,  culti- 
vated fields  and  olive  orchards.  The  arched  cloisters  of  the 
missions  were  reared  by  native  builders.  Their  rude  art  fash- 
ioned unique  decorations  lor  the  church  walls,  while  their  in- 
stinctive love  of  color  and  ornament  welcomed  the  beauty  of 
saint  and  Madonna  that  smiled  from  glowing  canvasses 
brought  from  Spain.  The  church  bells  cast  in  Madrid  or  San 
Bias  sent  mellow  tones  across  the  fields  at  dawn  and  evening. 
The  cross  arose  in  the  cemetery,  and  dying  eyes  found  hope  in 
the  emblem  of  salvation. 

The  Indian  is  instinctively  religious,  capable  of  metaphysi- 
cal speculations,  and  possessing  a  lively  sense  of  the  power  of 
the  unseen.  It  has  been  said  :  "  Men  are  merely  intelligences. 
Only  children,  primitive  people,  those  of  the  ecstatic  type  and 
of  amorphous  uncrystallized  mentality,  are  souls." 

Without  formulating  this  philosophy,  the  Spanish  friars 
acted  upon  it.  It  was  as  souls  that  the  Indians  appealed  to 
them,  souls  to  be  saved,  and  for  which  they  must  give  account. 
It  is  as  souls,  pathetic,  humble,  groping  after  light,  that  they 
appeal  to  him  who  has  witnessed  and  shared  in  their  worship 
upon  the  soil  where  the  first  missionaries  reared  the  cross. 

Far  in  the  "back  country,"  sixty  miles  or  so  from  San 
Diego,  in  a  region  untrodden  by  the  tourist,  are  the  ruins  of 
the  Mission  of  Santa  Ysabel.  Leveled  by  time  and  washed  by 
winter  rains,  the  adobe  walls  of  the  church  have  sunk  into  in- 
distinguishable heaps  of  earth  which  vaguely  define  the  out- 
lines of  the  ancient  edifice. 

The  bells  remain,  hung  no  longer  in  a  belfry  but  on  a  rude 
framework  of  logs.  A  tall  cross  made  of  two  saplings  nailed 
in  shape  marks  the  consecrated  spot.  Beyond  it  rise  the  walls 
of  the  brush  building,  ramada,  woven  of  green  wattled 
boughs,  which  does  duty  for  a  church  on  Sundays  and  on  the 
rare  occasions  of  a  visit  from  the  priest  who  makes  a  yearly  pil- 
grimage to  these  outlying  portions  of  his  diocese.  On  Sun- 
days, the  General  of  the  tribe  acts  as  lay  reader  and  recites  the 
services.  Then  and  on  Saturday  nights  the  bells  are  rung. 
An  Indian  boy  has  the  office  of  bell-ringer,  and  crossing  the 
ropes  attached  to  the  clappers  he  skillfully  wakes  a  solemn 
chime. 

These  bells  were  cast  in  Spain,  and  are  the  offerings  of 
charity  ;  the  votive  gifts  of  silver  ornaments  and    household 


SOME  UNKNOWN   MISSIONS  OF  CALIFORNIA.   3^9 

plate  having  been  melted  with  the  casting  and  forming  a  large 
proportion  of  the  whole.  One  bears  the  date  1723,  the  other 
1767.  A  bullet  hole  in  the  side  of  one  of  them  commemorates 
equally  the  accuracy  of  aim  and  the  sacrilegious  motive  ot 
some  forgotten  soldier. 

Opposite  the  church  is  the  cemetery,  a  small  enclosure  care- 
fully guarded  from  intrusion  by  a  tall  picket  fence.  A  bare 
wooden  cross  rises  in  the  center,  and  at  the  head  of  each  little 
mound  formed  of  the  dry  sun-baked  earth,  a  small  cross  is 
placed,  emblem  of  a  hope  beyond  this  world  of  unrighted 
wrongs. 

I  first  saw  the  old  Mission  site  on  the  evening  of  St.  John's 
Day.  The  annual  service  had  been  held  that  morning,  but 
priest  and  people  had  departed.  The  decorations  still  remained 
in  the  brush  church  whose  walls  had  been  freshly  woven  of 


C.  M.  Davis  Eng.  Co.       qj^^    ANGELA.,    THE    I,AY    READER. 


320  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

green  boughs,  through  the  interstices  of  which  the  late  sum- 
mer twilight  sent  a  subdued  religious  light.  At  the  further 
end,  to  distinguish  the  chancel  from  the  nave  of  this  primitive 
building,  soft  white  muslin  had  been  fastened  over  walls  and 
ceiling,  and  upon  it  were  pinned  the  sacred  pictures  preserved 
with  care  from  year  to  year,  gaudy  prints  on  cheap  paper. 
Madonnas,  saints,  a  last  judgment  terrible  in  its  crude  inten- 
sity, a  Saviour's  pitying  face. 

The  altar  was  covered  with  a  drawn-work  altar  cloth  of 
similar  fashion,  no  doubt,  to  that  whose  rent  Ramona  so  skill- 
fully repaired.  This  represented  months  of  patient  labor^  and 
who  can  say  how  much  devotional  feeling  in  the  hearts  of  the 
silent  Indian  women  whose  hands  had  placed  it  upon  the  altar 
and  set  up  the  blessed  candles  in  their  cheap  tin  candlesticks, 
together  with  the  image  of  the  Madonna,  a  decked  doll  with 
an  expressionless  face  as  it  might  seem  to  the  critical  observer, 
but  to  the  fervent  worshiper  the  symbol  of  a  purity  and  love 
transcending  human  thought. 

Over  the  hills  at  Mesa  Grande,  eleven  miles  from  Santa 
Ysabel,  a  three  days'  fiesta  was  to  be  held  to  include  August 
fourth,  the  day  dedicated  to  Santo  Domingo,  the  patron  saint  of 
the  place  ;  and  on  this  occasion  I  arrived  betimes  to  witness  a 
unique  and  interesting  scene. 

The  Indian  reserve,  or  rancheria,  occupies  a  narrow  valley 
and  sweep  of  barren  hillside.  On  a  level  space  at  the  foot  of 
the  mountain,  industrious  hands  had  reared  a  village  of  green 
ramadas  forming  three  sides  of  a  hollow  square,  leaving  a 
wide  plaza  in  the  midst.  These  cool  brush  houses  had  a  pro- 
jecting roof  in  front,  forming,  as  each  joined  the  other,  a  nar- 
row colonnade  where  wooden  benches  were  placed  in  the 
shade.  At  one  corner  was  the  restaurant  where  a  Mexican 
and  his  wife  served  meals  at  a  price  of  "two  bits,"  as  the 
Californians  count  it.  For  this  privilege  they  paid  a  dollar 
and  a  half  for  a  license  ;  and  the  few  white  men  who  came  as 
venders  of  watermelons  and  other  goods  paid  a  similar  sum. 
So  did,  perhaps,  the  barber  who  was  busy  trimming  the  shin- 
ing black  locks  of  such  of  the  Indian  youths  as  were  especially 
careful  of  appearance.  A  butcher  shop  was  advertised  by  a 
fresh  hide  hung  upon  a  pole,  and  from  this  quarter  the  restau- 
rant obtained  the  beef  which  appeared  in  savory  stews  redolent 
of  garlic.  Families  richer  or  more  provident  than  others 
brought  their  own  supplies  of  jerked  beef  which  was  invit- 
ingly displayed  overhead  in  bags  of  pink  mosquito  netting. 

On  this  first  day  of  the  fiesta,  an  air  of  expectancy  and  prep- 
aration pervaded  the  scene.  There  were  finishing  touches  to 
be  put  here  and  there.  The  school-house  bell  in  a  wooden 
tower  was  transported  from  its  place  on  the  hill  to  the  vacant 


SOME  UNKNOWN   MISSIONS  OF  CALIFORNIA.    32i 


C.  M.  Davis  Eng.Co. 


THE  GRAVEYARD,    SANTA   YSABEL. 


space  on  the  opposite  slope  near  the  church,  since  Mesa 
Grande  boasted  no  Mission  bells. 

The  church  was  built  like  that  of  Santa  Ysabel,  of  green 
boughs,  and  the  chancel  was  decorated  with  muslin  draperies 
and  ornaments  of  paper  and  ribbon,  in  whose  preparation  a 
faithful  Indian  woman  had  spent  the  greater  part  of  five  days. 
The  altar  was  furnished  with  drawn-work  cloths,  and  in  a  niche 
above  it  was  a  plaster  image  of  Santo  Domingo,  one  hand  hold- 
ing a  book,  the  other  outstretched  in  benediction.  Upon  the 
outstretched  hand  a  rosary  had  been  hung  with  appropriate 
efifect.  Some  mystic  letters  appeared  in  the  muslin  that 
draped  the  ceiling,  which,  being  interpreted,  proved  to  be  the 
initials  of  the  solitary  member  of  the  altar  guild,  and  of  such 
of  her  family  as  she  was  pleased  to  commemorate. 

Near  the  church  a  ramada  had  been  constructed  for  the  pc- 


322  LAND    OF  SUNSHINE. 

commodation  of  the  visiting  priest  and  the  Bishop,  whose  rare 
presence  at  this  fiesta  lent  it  an  especial  sancity.  This  house 
had  been  furnished  with  care.  A  bed  had  been  borrowed  from 
the  school-teacher,  the  only  person  on  the  reserve  who  could 
boast  such  a  possession  ;  and  cane-bottom  chairs  had  been  se- 
cured, together  with  other  articles  of  comfort  and  luxury. 
Under  the  portico  of  this  episcopal  residence,  some  of  the 
older  and  more  important  Indians  were  seated  in  a  row  upon 
the  ground,  in  silent  contemplation  of  the  results  of  their 
labors. 

The  self-contained  and  quiet  manner  of  the  participants  in  the 
fiesta  was  a  striking  feature,  distinguishing  it  from  the  gather- 
ings of  white  people  of  the  lower  classes.  There  were  no  loud 
voices,  no  rude  and  boisterous  actions,  no  vacant  laughter. 
Everything  moved  smoothly  without  apparent  effort.  Indians 
in  wagons  and  on  horseback  came  in  during  the  day,  some  from 
a  distance  of  fifty  miles  in  other  reservations,  but  all  of  the 
same  tribe,  the  Diegueilos.  They  qnietly  took  the  places  as- 
signed to  them. 

An  Indian  police  in  uniform  was  on  the  grounds,  and  with 
none  of  the  self-assertion  of  the  important  guardians  of  our 
cities,  he  managed  effectively  to  preserve  the  peace.  The  Cap- 
tain of  Mesa  Grande,  an  intelligent  looking  Indian,  lately 
elected  to  ofiice,  nailed  in  a  prominent  position  the  following 
notice  written  in  legible  characters  : 

"  Any  and  all  persons  are  warned  not  to  bring  nor  sell  wine  or 
other  intoxicating  liquors  on  the  grounds  of  this  Indian  re- 
serve. Any  person  selling  them  will  be  prosecuted  to  the  full 
extent  of  the  law." 

So  effective  was  this  order  that  not  until  the  evening  of  the 
second  day  was  an  Indian  observed  who  showed  the  influence 
of  liquor,  and  as  soon  as  his  tottering  steps  and  quavering 
song  betrayed  him,  the  police  was  quietly  summoned  and  the 
man  disappeared  with  marvelous  celerity,  unaccompanied  by 
the  notice  of  the  crowd  or  by  a  retinue  of  small  boys  as  is  our 
more  civilized  custom. 

The  Indian  small  boy,  indeed,  in  no  way  resembles  the 
gamin  of  our  streets.  Now  and  then  with  an  arm  about  his 
fellow's  neck  he  strolls  quietly  by.  He  is  nowhere  prominent  ; 
he  is  not  in  the  way.  Family  affection  is  everywhere  mani- 
fested. The  father  sits  in  the  ramada  doorway  holding  a  baby 
whose  contented  silence  is  equal  to  his  own.  Love  and  trust 
are  expressed  in  the  attitude  of  both  figures.  Another  with 
three  or  four  little  ones  clustered  at  his  knees  is  making 
whistles  of  green  reeds,  pipes  such  as  Pan  once  played  upon, 
and  the  children  accept  them  gladly,  and  run  off  with  dis- 
tended cheeks.  No  doubt  the  whistles  make  a  noise  to  the 
credit  of  the  maker's  skill,  but  it  does  not  reach  our  ears. 


SOME  UNKNOWN   MISSIONS  OF  CALIFORNIA.    323 

Religious  worship  is  the  most  important  feature  of  the  day. 
At  evening  and  at  dawn  vespers  and  mass  are  said,  but  the 
ten  o'clock  service  proves  most  attractive  to  the  few  white 
visitors  who  have  come  from  the  neighboring  farm  houses 
and  villages.  It  is  an  impressive  occasion,  gaining  rather  than 
losing  in  effect  from  the  pathetic  lack  in  the  accessories  of  de- 
votion. The  women  and  children  kneel  upon  the  floor  of 
beaten  earth.  The  men  stand  crowded  against  the  walls.  The 
visitors  are  provided  with  chairs,  as,  of  course  is  the  Bishop, 
who,  not  knowing  Spanish,  takes  no  part  in  the  service  which 
he  distinguishes  by  his  presence. 

The  officiating  priest.  Father  Antonio,  has  worked  for  thirty 
years  among  his  Indian  flock,  seeing  them  at  rare  intervals, 
but  bearing  them  upon  his  heart.  With  his  long  beard  and 
fiery  eyes  he  has  the  commanding  presence  of  Michael   An- 


ew. Davis  Ens.  Co. 


THE  BEIvI,-RINGER   OF  SANTA   YSABEL. 


324  LAND    OF   SUNSHINE. 

gelo's  Moses,  and  like  him  he  is  a  law  giver.  His  words  have 
weight  and  authority.  If  it  were  not  for  his  invincible  mod- 
esty which  forbids  it,  much  might  be  written  about  this  in- 
teresting man  who  is  the  original  of  "Father  Gaspara  "  in 
Helen  Hunt  Jackson's  masterpiece. 

An  Indian  youth  acts  as  acolyte  during  the  mass,  and  makes 
all  the  responses,  serving  as  reverently  about  the  altar  as  any 
cathedral  assistant.  The  singing  of  the  //ofy,  Holy,  is  led  by 
old  Angela,  a  remarkable  woman,  whose  wrinkled  face,  like 
that  of  every  Indian  woman  of  advanced  age,  is  quite  devoid 
of  beauty,  except  that  in  her  case,  the  beauty  of  a  religious 
soul  illuminates  the  outer  form.  Old  Angela  is  lay  reader 
for  the  church  at  Mesa  Grande.  She  knows  by  heart  every 
word  of  the  services.  In  Holy  Week  she  remains  upon  her 
knees  night  after  night.  She  daily  spends  hours  at  her  devo- 
tions. If  there  were  no  other  than  old  Angela  to  show  the  re- 
sult of  the  Mission  Fathers'  early  labors,  they  would  be  amply 
justified. 

Her  daughter  Petra,  who  decorated  the  altar,  is  an  estimable 
woman,  acting  for  good  upon  all  who  come  within  the  circle  of 
her  influence.  Another  devout  soul  is  old  Jose  Trinidad  Cris- 
tiano  Yecheno,  who  when  asked  his  name  always  rounds  off 
these  titles  with  **Apelativo,"  as  if  that  were  itself  the  sur- 
name. He  wears  a  rosary  about  his  neck,  and  his  voice  sus- 
tains that  of  Angela  in  the  chant,  "  Santo,  Santo,''  while  the 
quavering  minor  tones  of  the  others  take  it  up,  and  it  rises  a 
thin  volume  of  sound  upon  the  summer  air. 

Father  Antonio  preaches  in  Spanish,  and  the  Bishop  follows 
with  an  address  in  English  which  only  the  younger  ones  can 
understand,  though  all  listen  patiently.  The  air  in  the  small 
crowded  building  is  warm  and  close.  A  few  small  children 
whimper  in  an  undertone.  The  sunshine  flickers  through  the 
interstices  of  the  green  boughs,  and  falls  in  tiny  "patins"  of 
gold  upon  the  altar,  the  Bishop's  head,  and  the  upturned 
faces  of  his  listeners. 

Urged  by  father  Antonio's  encouragement,  this  little  congre- 
gation have  determined  to  replace  the  brush  church  with  an 
adobe  building  like  the  old  one  that  has  long  since  crumbled 
to  decay.  They  have  taken  upon  themselves  the  task  of  mak- 
ing ten  thousand  adobe  bricks  for  this  purpose.  Already  a 
goodly  part  of  the  tale  of  bricks  is  finished,  and  the  Bishop 
promises  to  return  and  consecrate  the  building  when  it  shall 
be  done. 

The  long  service  ended,  the  people  stream  forth  into  the 
open  air;  but  return  again  to  the  Rosary  service  at  three 
o'clock,  in  which  the  kneeling  congregation  make  fervent  re- 
sponses ;  and  to  the  christening  at  four,  when  a  dozen  dusky 
little  Manuels,  Marthas,  Samuels  and  Maria  Trinidads  are  re- 
ceived into  the  body  of  Christ's  church.  Clean  they  are,  and 
carefully  dressed  by  proud  mothers  ;  and  the  compadres  and 
comadres  who  stand  for  them  do  not  look  unworthy  of  iheir 
charge. 


xjkivkrsitt 

'"Tennessee  '  and     Partner/' 

BY    RALPH    E.     BICKNELL 

kMTM^I'   ^BMIPP^H^^I      C(S)l     early  California   stories — of 
^ V.M.^  ^'WtBB^>  ^, .     "*4B*u  ^B       ^i^     renewed     interest     because 

now  upon  the  stage — is  "Tennessee's 
Partner."  We  all  remember  *•  Jim- 
my," the  long-suffering  muJe ; 
"Partner's"  unfortunate  matrimo- 
nial ventures;  "Tennessee's"  ras- 
cality, and  "Partner's"  deathless 
loyalty. 

The  originals   from   whom'Harte 
took  the  suggestion  of  his  fiction  are 

TENNESSEE  AND  PARTNER.  f.^jl}   ^^S  .^^    California,    on  their 

little  claim  in  the  Sierras.  In  real 
life  they  are  Chaffee  and  Chamberlain,  two  cheery  old  Argonauts  who 
peg  away  with  pick  and  shovel  still,  digging  a  modest  livlihood  from  the 
earth,  and  but  dimly  concerned  with  the  big  world  in  which  their  ficti- 
tious fortunes  nightly  thrill  an  audience. 

Their  home  is  not  a  log  cabin,  as  in  the  story,  but  a  pleasant  little 
home-like  two-story  dwelling  built  with  their  own  hands.  It  is  shaded 
by  friendly  trees  and  vines.  A  little  distance  away  are  a  few  scattered 
apple-trees  ;  and  the  whole  place  is  surrounded  with  beautiful,  spread- 
ing oaks — the  same  oaks  that  have  so  often  borne  human  fruit,  both  in 
literature  and  in  reality.  Inside,  the  home  is  comfortable  and  a  model 
of  neatness.  Pictures  relieve  the  rough-finished  walls,  and  a  great  fire- 
place takes  up  much  of  one  end  of  the  living-room.  Books  fill  the 
shelves  that  occupy  every  available  corner. 

It  was  late  when  we  reached  their  home  ;  but  a  kind-faced  old  man  in 
the  trellised  doorway  bade  us  welcome.  "  You  can  camp  in  the  orchard 
yonder,"  said  "Tennessee,"  adding:  "You'll  find  some  wood  there 
that  we  cut  specially  for  campers."  Later,  as  we  munched  a  tardy 
camp  supper,  he  brought  us  some  fresh  picked  strawberries.  "  There 
ain't  many,"  he  said,  "  but  it's  all  we've  got  " 

Two  pleasanter  old  men  than  those  with  whom  we  spent  that  evening 
could  not  be  found,  or  more  sincerely  hospitable.  Far  from  being  of 
the  rough  and  lawless  school  of  Harte's  fiction,  "Tennessee"  is  genial, 
merry,  open-hearted,  and  "  Partner  "  not  exactly  the  child-like  bribe- 
offerer  of  Sandy  Bar.  They  are  well-read  men,  take  newspapers  and 
magazines,  and  converse  in  a  manner  rather  surprising  to  one  who  tries 
to  measure  them  by  the  story. 

"So  you  come  from  old  Massachusetts,  do  you?  "  said  Chamberlain, 
while  Chaffee  nodded  quiet  assent  now  and  then.  "Well,  so  did  we  — 
or  rather  I  did,  for  Chaffee  came  from  Connecticut.  We  sailed  early  in 
the  winter  of  '49,  by  the  Horn.  It  took  us  176  days  to  reach  San  Fran- 
cisco. It  was  a  big  change  from  our  steady  New  England  home. 
Mining  was  the  only  thing  talked  about  and  gambling  was  the  chief 
amusement.  Men  just  back  from  the  diggings,  with  their  pockets  full 
of  gold,  would  stake  their  last  ounce  on  the  turn  of  a  card.  Almost 
every  day  there'd  be  a  suicide  or  a  murder. 

"There  were  six  of  us  New  England  boys.  We  had  a  tent  and  camped 
where  the  Palace  Hotel  is  now. 

"Chaffee  was  a  wheelwright  —  I  a  carpenter.  There  was  plenty  of 
work  and  wages  were  big.  Common  laborers  got  |7  a  day.  We  went  to 
work  at  $12  a  day — ought  to  have  been  satisfied.  But  on  the  arrival  of 
news  from  the  mines  great  reports  would  be  posted  through  town,  and 

Illustrated  from  photos,  by  the  author. 


"TENNESSEE"    AND    "PARTNER." 


327 


it  didn't  take  us  long  to  get  the  fever.  We  gave  up  our  jobs  and  started 
for  the  mountains. 

"At  last  we  landed  in  Second  Garrote.  The  store- keeper  kindly  offered 
us  goods  on  credit,  for  fifty  cents  was  the  sum  total  of  our  cash  on  hand. 
We  dug  a  hole  in  the  mountain  side,  ran  rafters  across,  put  boughs  and 
clay  on  the  rafters,  made  a  fireplace  and  chimney,  and  thought  we  had  a 
very  comfortable  mud  hut. 

"It rained  for  three  days  steady  about  the  middle  of  April.  One 
night,  sitting  in  the  mud  hut,  Pard  and  I  saw  little  chunks  of  soil  be- 
gin to  drop.  Pretty  soon  the  whole  thing  caved  in,  and  we  left.  We 
stayed  in  the  store  that  night. 

"We  struck  it  rich  at  first — took  out  four  hundred  dollars  in  a  few  days 
— but  then  the  claim  went  back  on  us.  I  got  discouraged  and  proposed  to 
Pard  that  we  go  to  'Frisco  and  work  at  our  trade,  but  we  didn't  go.  Af- 
ter a  while  we  sold  our  claim  and  bought  a  new  one — the  one  we  own 
now." 

"And  you've  been  working  it  ever  since  ?  " 

"Yes — we've  never  struck  it  rich,  but  we've  managed  to  get  along  and 


C.  M.  Dav;s'Eng  Co. 


THK  OI.D  MEN   AT  THKIR  FIRESIDE. 


build  US  a  house.  Chaffee  works  the  claim  alone  now — I  do  the  house- 
work and  a  little  gardening.  Chaffee  hasn't  taken  out  fifty  dollars  in 
the  last  five  years,  but  he's  just  as  keen  as  he  ever  was.  You  can't 
down  a  miner's  spirit." 

•*  You  and  Chaffee  have  lived  together  all  these  years  ?  Don't  you 
ever  disagree  ?  " 

"Yes,  all  these  years  —  ever  since  '49.  Ought  to  know  each  other, 
hadn't  we  ?  And  as  for  quarreling" — looking  toward  his  wrinkled  com- 
panion of  fifty  years — "  I  guess  we  get  along  pretty  well,  don't  we  Chaf- 
fee? "     And  Chaffee  smiles  an  answer. 

"  How  did  you  happen  to  know  Bret  Harte  ?  " 

"O,  we  never  knew  him — never  saw  him  even.  He  had  a  friend  in 
Second  Garrote  and  it  was  through  the  friend  that  he  heard  of  us  and 
wrote  the  story.  When  Chaffee  went  to  'Frisco  a  few  years  ago  he  was 
introduced  as  *  Tennessee's  Partner.'     It  was  a  big  surprise  to  him." 

"  But  where  did  Harte  get  the  hanging  part  of  it  ?  " 

"  There  had  been  a  man  in  Second  Garrote — one  Peters — charged  with 
outraging  a  child.    He  got  away,  but  parties  started  in  every  direction, 


328 


LAND    OF  SUNSHINE. 


and  he  was  run  down.  They  brought  him  back  to  camp  and  he  con- 
fessed. Feeling  ran  high.  The  prisoner  was  taken  from  the  authorities, 
and  a  few  miles  outside  of  camp,  in  the  moonlight,  Judge  Lynch  held 
court." 

**  A  spokesman  was  chosen.     He  asked  what  should  be  done  with  the 
prisoner.     Some  said  whip  him — more  said  hang  him.     Chaffee  made  a 


Badger. 
Mountain  Sheep. 


OL,D   CAI.IFORN1A   NATDRAI,  HISTORY. 

iFrom  Venegas's  •'  Noticias,"  1757.) 


Albatross. 
Coyote. 


"THE   NATURE   OF   THE   BEAST."  3^9 

very  eloquent  plea  for  turning  him  over  to  the  courts.  A  vote  was 
taken,  and  Chaffee's  motion  was  carried." 

"  And  was  that  all  Harte  had  to  build  on  ?  " 

"  Yes,  but  of  course  the  main  part  of  the  story  was  Partner's  faithful- 
ness to  Tennessee,  and  he  told  that  all  right." 

Tennessee  chuckled,  **  To  think  I've  lived  all  these  years  with  a  rope 
around  my  neck." 

We  said  good  night  to  the  two  old  gentlemen  and  retired  to  the  ab- 
breviated bunks  of  our  camp  wagon.  The  next  morning  we  took  a 
picture  of  Tennessee  and  Partner  standing  under  a  great  oak  that 
branches  over  the  road  near  their  dwelling — under  a  tree  with  a  history 
— for  many  a  grim  figure  has  swung  from  those  strong  limbs  the 
victims  of  Judge  Lynch. 

We  looked  back  through  the  cloud  of  dust.  There  by  the  gate,  their 
hands  screening  their  eyes  from  the  early  morning  sun,  stood  Tenn- 
essee and  Partner.  God  bless  them  ! — kind  old  men.  May  they  ever 
be  as  happy  as  they  have  been  and  are.  **  Thar — I  told  you  so  ! — thar 
he  is — comin'  this  way,  too — all  by  himself,  sober,  and  his  face  a- 
shinin'." 

Lawrence,  Mass. 


The  Nature  of  the  Beast/' 

SOME    OLD    NATURAL    HISTORY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

BY  JUAN    DBL    RIO. 

jgrtHERE  is  always  something  interesting  and  quaint  in 
^^1  the  old  chronicles  —  English,  French  or  Spanish — of 
the  early  explorations  of  America.  All  three  nation- 
alities were  about  equally  ignorant  and  superstitious  as  to 
geography,  natural  history  and  other  matters  we  know  a  good 
deal  about  today ;  but  this  very  quality,  joined  with  their  clear 
good  faith,  makes  the  naive  reports  of  these  pioneers  far  more 
flavorsome  reading  than  the  more  accurate  statements  of  the 
contemporary  savant.  We  all  love  the  unconscious  humor  of 
a  good  blunder  ;  and  all  of  us  have  still  some  sympathy  with 
fables  of  *'Gorgons  and  Hydras  and  Chimaeras  dire'* — as 
Milton  wrote  in  the  age  when  these  most  abounded.  A  won- 
derfully * '  taking ' '  book  could  be  written  about  the  grosser 
superstitions  which  cluster  about  the  very  first  news  of  Amer- 
ica— the  Amazons,  griflSns,  mermaids,  golden  emperors  ;  the 
bumps  on  the  earth,  and  the  danger  of  falling  over  the  edge  if 
one  sailed  too  far  west  from  Europe.  Gomara,  three  hundred 
and  fifty  years  ago,  devoted  a  serious  chapter  to  prove  **  that 
the  world  is  round,  and  not  flat." 

But  that  is  material  for  a  book.  My  idea  is  merely  to  note 
some  of  the  smaller  but  no  less  amusing  notions  which  per- 
sisted up  to  a  relatively  late  day — and  may  still  be  found,  in 
fact  or  in  kind,  among  the  ignorant  classes  of  our  own  Amer- 
ican people.  Nor  do  I  mean  merely  to  poke  fun  at  these  earn- 
est chroniclers  who  on  the  average  got  things  about  as  straight 
as  our  own  pioneers.  Some  of  their  descriptions  stand  the  test 
of  modem  enlightenment  very  well ;  and  nearly  all  are  relia- 


330  LAND    OF  SUNSHINE. 

ble  when  they  recount  personal  knowledge.  Their  lapses 
come  when  they  accept  the  current  story — just  as  our  Eastern 
writers  of  today  publish  as  laughable  myths  about  the  West. 

One  of  the  most  interesting  lines  of  this  sort  of  reading  is 
as  to  the  natural  history  of  the  New  World.  There  is  a  dis- 
tinct pleasure  in  reading  the  first  descriptions  that  made  known 
to  the  civilized  world  the  animals  now  more  or  less  household 
words  to  every  fairly  intelligent  American ;  and  along  with 
the  sincerity  of  these  descriptions  there  is  enough  humor  (to 
our  eyes)  to  double  the  interest.  I  mean  to  present  extracts, 
literally  translated,  which  have  never  before  been  read  in  En- 
glish, from  some  of  the  early  reports  on  American  animals. 

Let  us  begin  with  the  "best  things"  in  a  **  Memoir  on  the 
Natural  History  of  California  written  by  a  Franciscan  Priest 
in  the  Year  1790."  *  For  the  exactness  of  my  translation  I 
am  allowed  to  refer  to  the  editor.f 

CALIFORNIA  **  This  animal  has  made  itself  formidable  to  the  Indians  by  its 

'-'°'^-  rapacity.     When  it  sallies  from  its  ravines  it  makes  a  horrible 

destruction  among  the  horses,  mules,  asses,  oxen  and  sheep. 
The  lighted  torches,  fire,  the  crowing  of  cocks  (which,  according  to 
some  naturalists  surprise  and  put  to  flight  the  lion)  are  not  enough 
to  repress  the  fearless  voracity  of  the  California  lion.  Only  the  true 
aim  of  a  bullet  or  of  many  arrows  tumbles  him  dead  or  dying."    .    .    . 

rHE  "  In  his  stature,  yellow  color,  shrewdness,  inclination  to  do 

COYOTE.  harm,  manner  of  barking  and  spongy  tail,  he  is  very  like  the 

fox.  He  is  supremely  detested  for  the  very  serious  damage  he 
does  in  the  settlements.  Various  ruses  have  been  discussed  for  sav- 
ing lambs,  sucking  pigs,  doves  and  hens  from  his  teeth ;  but  without 
effect.  The  best  ruse  is  a  good  musket,  a  great  care  in  making  the 
walls  of  the  corrals  high,  good  dogs,  and  above  all  the  herb  called  es- 
cumpatle,  which  grows  in  the  country  around  the  city  of  Puebla.  This 
herb,  mixed  with  meat,  is  a  poison  of  such  activity  that  soon  as  he  eats 
it  the  coyote  rolls  over,  howls  and  agonizes  with  terrible  anxieties  and 
contortions." 

"The  rustics  of  California  have  observed  that  the  warm  skin  just  taken 
from  a  coyote  is  most  eflBcacious  to  resolve  every  sort  of  rebellious 
tumor  and  to  relax  the  nerves  and  tendons  of  horses  or  mules  suffering 
from  convulsions.  This  practiced  cure  of  the  countrymen  of  Califor- 
nia has  been  approved  by  countless  experiments.  Perhaps  it  would  be 
of  equal  utility  if  applied  to  paralysis  in  man."     .     .     . 

(VILD-  Wild-cats   "  multiply  greatly,  and    all  are  perilous.      Their 

^*^®"  size  is  a  little  more  than  that  of  a  house-cat.     .     .    They  are 

extremely  hungry.     They   are  accustomed  to  eat  their  own 

whelps,  and  not  even  men  are  safe  from  the  assault  of  their  voracity." 


*  "  Memorias  para  U  historia  natural  de  California,"   eto.    Documentos  para    la  historia  de  Mexic«,  ilh 
-"Ties. 

t  Accurate,  if  not  particularly  graceful.— ■». 


"THE   NATURE   OF  THE   BEAST."  33i 

The   badger  or   '*  Tejon  does  considerable  damage  in  the      the 
cultivated  fields.     .     .     Two  kinds  are  known  in  California,  badger, 

.  .  .  the  first  species  is  common  on  all  the  mainland  of 
America,  .  .  .  the  second  kind,  which  the  Californians  call  Lonely 
Badger  [  Tejon  solitario]  is  much  feared  by  the  farmers  for  the  destruc- 
tion it  makes  in  the  fields.  Hunting  the  best  ears  of  corn  it  destroys 
many  and  makes  them  useless  for  any  other  living  thing.  The  dogs  run 
in  pursuit  of  it.  Soon  as  they  come  near,  it  flings  itself  mouth-upward 
[on  its  back]  and  with  its  sharp  claws  defends  itself  in  such  fashion  that 
the  dogs  come  out  wounded  and  it  escapes  without  hurt." 

"There  are  two  sorts.     Some  are  larger  than  the  Mexican      the 
cacomiscles  and  have  a  handsome  tail ;  the  color  varied  and  skunk. 
the  fur  very  soft.     Others  are  of  the  size  of  the  said  cacomiscles. 
They  meddle  themselves,  without  noise,  in  the  hen-houses  and  dove- 
cotes, and  destroy  the  chicks When  the  householder  pur- 
sues them  they  infect  the  air,  discharging  a  stink  so  pestilent  that  there 
is  no  nose  can  resist  its  impression."     .... 

"It  is  very  certain  that  there  is  a  species  of  hunter-snakes      hunter 
which,  with  their  breath,  attract  the  unhappy  butterflies  and  SNAKES, 

little  birds  to  their  very  mouth,  and  then  they  swallow  them. 
Perhaps  in  these  circumstances  we  may  philosophize  thus  :  the  warm 
vapor  rarefies  the  air  in  a  straight  line — of  this  there  is  no  doubt.  This 
line  being  occupied  by  more  subtile  air,  the  other  particles  of  air,  agi- 
tated and  seeking  by  their  elastic  impulse  to  recover  their  former  place, 
sweep  the  little  birds  along  with  them  to  the  jaws  of  the  wise  serpent." 

"Of  vivoras  two  species  have  been  observed,  both  greatly      Rattle- 

feared    among    the     natives their   rattles    are    like  snakes. 

little  dry  bladders The  efiect  of  their  bite,  commonly, 

is  mortal Various  specifics  have  been  discovered  which  now  and 

then  have  operated  happily.  They  praise  very  highly  the  fang  of  an 
alligator,  applied  to  the  bite  ;  or  some  shavings  of  it  taken  in  warm 
water ;  a  poultice  of  peppers  frequently  renewed  ;  and  above  all  to  cut 
off  the  wounded  member  promptly.  It  appears  that  the  rattlesnakes  do 
not  secrete  in  their  mouths  any  poisonous  fluid  capable  of  producing  the 
ravaves  that  are  suffered  by  those  they  have  arrived  to  bite.  The  fangs 
and  the  teeth  of  the  rattlesnakes  are  of  such  a  texture  that  it  slackens 
the  circulation  of  the  blood  or  hastens  its  course  by  the  too  great  thin- 
ning of  its  corpuscles,  and  this  may  be  considered  the  primary  cause  of 
these  lamentable  effects." 

* '  The  Salamanquesa,  a  kind  of  lizard.  The  color  and  hardness      SALA- 
of  its  body  give  the  impression  of  a  broken  [medio]  flint  or  a  manders. 

piece  of  opaque  glass.     At  the  blow  of  a  stick,  or  when  it 

falls  from  a  height,  it  bursts  into  small  fragments Many  times 

the  Indians  have  placed  it  in  the  fire,  and  it  has  never  been  seen  to  die  ; 
the  which  is  confirmed  by  the  experiment  of  Father  Ignacio  Tirs.  Be- 
ing a  missionary  in  Santiago  [Lower]  Cal.,  in  the  year  1763,  he  took  a 
Salamanquesa  and  when  it  was  put  alive  in  the  fire  it  lasted  there  more 


332  LAND    OF  SUNSHINE. 

than  an  hour,  so  lively  and  so  complete  as  if  it  were  insensible  to  the 
action  of  the  fire.  Perhaps  this  is  the  Salamander  which  has  made  so 
much  noise  in  natural  history." 

THE  HAND-OF-  "An  insect  abounds  upon  which  is  seen  stamped  the  hand  of 

GOD  BUG.      ^jjg  Creator.  It  is  a  handsome  worm,  something  larger  than  the 
common  fly.     Its  color  is  purple,  and  its  hair  thick  and  dis- 
posed like  the  best  plush." 

The  anonymous  Father  describes  the  California  deer,  ante- 
lope, elk,  sea-lion,  otter,  fox,  squirrels,  rabbits,  wild  mice, 
spiders,  scorpions,  centipedes,  frogs,  toads  and  other  beasts  and 
insects,  trees,  plants,  fish,  minerals,  etc.  He  remarks  that 
* 'there  is  gold  and  silver  (he  writes  in  1790,  remember)  though 
not  in  quantity,  as  yet,  to  correspond  to  the  great  efforts -which 
have  been  made  in  search  of  them." 

AS   TO    BIRDS. 

Amid  a  very  creditable  list  of  the  * 'Known  Birds  of  Cali- 
fornia" he  mentions  the  Royal  Eagles  ;  and  that  "when  they 
descend  from  the  height  of  the  Sierra  (perhaps  because  the 
air  below  is  less  rarefied)  they  fall  to  the  ground,  so  that  the 
Indians  catch  them  with  their  hands. ' ' 

The  zopilotes  or  turkey-buzzards  *'are  great  and  of  very 
black  feather.  They  maintain  themselves  upon  dead  horses 
and  other  animals,  and  exhale  an  odor  of  musk  which  cannot 
be  borne.  The  stew  of  their  flesh  is  an  anti-venereal  of  the 
highest  esteem.  Taken  warm  on  an  empty  stomach  it  pro- 
vokes most  copious  sweat,  which  expels  the  malignity  of  the 
disease." 

Quel^les  are  "a  kind  of  buzzards  which  nest  in  the  highest 
trees.  The  heat  which  this  animal  emits  withers  in  a  short 
time  the  leafy  trees  in  which  it  makes  it  home.  Even  in  the 
springtime  [these  trees]  remain  barren  trunks,  and  never  again 
turn  green." 

"The  Churca  is  a  kind  of  pheasant  which  has  a  long  bill, 
dark  plumage,  a  handsome  tail  and  four  feet.  It  has  these 
latter  facing  outward  in  such  fashion  that  when  it  runs  it 
leaves  the  track  of  two  feet  going  forward  and  two  going  back- 
ward." * 

The  Pito  Real^  or  Pajaro  Carpintero  (Carpenter-bird — wood- 
pecker)— "its  beak  is  so  hard  that  it  bores  the  trees  . 
white  as  ivory,  and  so  hard  that  when  it  pecks  the  trees  it 
makes  a  noise  as  if  they  were  pounding  with  a  hammer.  The 
steam  of  its  feathers  when  burned  is  one  of  the  great  specifics 
against  epilepsy.  Its  flesh,  toasted  in  the  oven,  reduced  to 
fine  powder  and  taken,  fasting,  in  wine  or  pulque,  is  an  anti- 
venereal  with  which  marvellous  cures  are  obtained." 


This  is  the  "  road-runner  "  or  chaparral  cock.— Ed. 


MY   BROTHER'S   KEEPER  333 

The  feathered  skin  of  the  alcatraz  (albatross)  '*  enjoys  much 
esteem  among  the  Spanish  Mexicans,  because  it  is  very  bene- 
ficial to  asthmatics  and  consumptives  when  worn  upon  the  bare 
chest,  feather-side  in." 

Of  L/Ocusts  there  are  two  kinds,  one  peculiar  to  the  country. 
Fifteen  days  after  the  eggs  are  laid,  the  moisture  and  warmth 
helping,  ' '  they  cease  to  be  eggs  and  appear  in  the  form  of  sen- 
sible beings.  Directly  they  begin  to  exercise  their  ofiSce, 
which  is  to  eat  by  day  and  by  night  without  ceasing  except  for 

the  time  they  are  flying  in  search  of  new  food 

The  mere  contact  of  their  mouth  communicates  to  the  plants 
a  malignant  heat  which  consumes  their  sap,  burns  and  devours 
them." 

There  are  "wasps,  little  and  big,  and  all  prick  well" 
[todas  pican  bien\.  It  may  be  observed  that  if  the  good  mis- 
sionary had  not  the  exact  science  invented  within  a  few  years, 
he  at  least  did  not  lack  observation  and  a  dry  humor  of  his 
own. 

^    My  Brother's  Keeper. 

BY  CHAS     F.     LUMMIS 
IV. 

f  ELL,  then,  what  should  we  give  the  Indians  ?  How 
can  we  assuage  our  aching  to  "do  something  for 
them  "  without  doing  them  too  much  harm?  By 
what  methods  may  we  practice  mercy,  without 
being  fools  or  bullies  ? 

My  answer  is  very  simple  —  by  using  common- 
sense.  That  of  course  includes  justice  and  mercy  ; 
for  to  be  unjust  or  unmerciful  is  to  be  a  fool.  I  be- 
lieve in  the  humane  impulse  of  Americans ;  but  I 
do  not  believe  any  man,  no  matter  how  humane, 
is  wise  in  a  thing  he  has  taken  pains  not  to  study — any  more  than  a  man 
can  be  wise,  no  matter  how  scholarly,  who  is  not  humane. 

The  first  application  of  common-sense  to  the  Indian  Service  would  be 
to  employ  no  one  professionally  ignorant  of  Indians  —  and  that  means, 
in  a  way,  ignorant  of  all  humanity.  Such  a  rule  would  make  an  enor- 
mous number  of  vacancies  now ;  but  no  harm  would  be  done  if  they 
were  not  filled  until  we  could  find  people  who  would  not  rattle  around 
in  them. 

The  second  application  of  common-sense  is  to  remember  that  educa- 
tion must  reckon  with  the  pupil  as  well  as  with  teacher  and  public.  It 
might  be  very  nice  to  turn  all  our  own  school-children  into  Websters  ; 
but  as  we  know  it  cannot  be  done  we  do  not  break  them  down  by  at- 
tempting it.  We  try  to  adapt  their  education  to  their  capacity  and  their 
need.  If  we  taught  them  how  to  step  a  scalp-dance  and  make  flint 
arrow-heads,  it  would  be  quite  as  useful  to  them  and  quite  as  creditable 
to  our  wisdom  as  two-thirds  of  what  we  teach  the  helpless  Indian  chil- 
dren in  our  government  factories.  It  does  not  make  better  citizens  of 
people  to  teach  them  things  they  cannot  learn  or  cannot  apply.  Sensi- 
ble education  strikes  a  balance  between  what  the  ideal  man  should  have 
and  the  actual  man  can  assimilate.  God  knows  we  might  every  one 
have  more  learning  than  we  have  without  its  doing  us  serious  harm. 


336 

'    Pioneers  of  the  Far  West. 

THE  EARLIEST  HISTORY  OF  CALIFORNIA,  NEW  MEXICO,  ETC. 
From  Documents  Never  Before  Published  in  English. 

IMING,  as  it  does,  to  be  not  only  entertaining 
but  of  real  value,  this  magazine  of  and  for 
the  West  tries  to  carry  a  reasonable  propor- 
tion of  matter  which  people  who  care  to 
learn  anything  will  prize  and  cannot  pro- 
cure elsewhere.  In  .this  line  it  is  perform- 
ing a  service  no  other  magazine  in  the  coun- 
try (except  the  specialist  ones  which  pay  no 
attention  to  the  popular)  thinks  of  attempting.  Aside  from 
the  interesting  and  graphic  description  and  illustration  of 
Western  matters  of  today,  it  prints  a  generous  amount  (for  its 
size)  of  matter  equally  Western  but  of  high  scientific  value, 
in  the  form  of  historic  documents  otherwise  inaccessible  to 
most  students.  As  a  presentation  by  text  and  pictures,  of  the 
actual  features  of  a  wonderful  region,  the  magazine  has  no 
rival.  No  other  part  of  the  United  States  has  ever  been  so 
fully  pictured  forth  ;  and  the  bound  volumes  of  the  I,and  op 
Sunshine  already  form  a  library  of  great  richness  in  this  re- 
spect. The  historical  feature  is  no  less  important ;  no  person 
who  cares  to  study  Western  history  can  afford  to  be  without 
this  collection  of  rare  and  valuable  ''sources."  Among  other 
things  the  magazine  has  already  published  (for  the  first  time 
in  English)  is  the  first  Reglamento^  or  code  of  laws  for 
California  ;  the  remarkable  summary  made  by  the  Viceroy 
Revilla  Gigedo  of  the  history  of  California  from  1768  to  1793, 
with  particular  reference  to  the  early  explorations  of  the 
Northwest  coast  and  Alaska  ;  and  some  minor  documents. 

Carrying  out  this  policy,  we  begin  herewith  an  expert  literal 
translation  of  the  valuable  summary  of  the  history  of  Califor- 
nia, New  Mexico  and  the  Southwest  in  general,  from  1538  to 
1626,  left  us  by  the  Franciscan  missionary  Fray  Geronimo  de 
Zdrate  Salmeron,  never  before  printed  in  English.  Perhaps 
nowhere  else  in  the  same  compass  is  there  so  concise  a  review 
of  the  most  romantic  period  in  Western  histo^3^ 

Fray  Ger6nimo  labored  among  the  Indians  of  New  Mexico  for  eight 
years,  more  than  280  years  ago.  In  1618  we  find  him  parish  priest  of 
the  remote  pueblo  of  Jemez,  where  he  learned  the  language,  and  trans 
lated  the  catechism  into  this  Indian  tongue,  and  there  baptized  6566 
Indians,  **  without  counting  those  baptized  in  the  pueblos  of  Cia  and 
Santa  Ana."  He  also,  single-handed  and  alone,  pacified  and  converted 
the  lofty  pueblo  of  Acoma,  then  hostile  to  the  Spanish.  He  built 
churches  and  monasteries,  bore  the  fearful  hardships  and  dangers  of  a 
missionary's  life  then  in  that  wilderness,  and  has  left  us  a  most  valuable 


PIONEERS   OF   THE   FAR    WEST.  337 

chronicle.  He  was  an  educated  man,  of  course  —  his  Latin  quotations 
are  always  to  the  point — a  sharp  observer  and  an  honest  recorder.  His 
'*  Relation"  was  written  in  1626.  Its  first  notes  were  merely  the  hear- 
say of  the  day  ;  but  thenceforward  he  is  one  of  our  most  important 
witnesses.  He  got  his  information  about  Vizcaino's  discovery  of  Cali- 
fornia, for  instance,  directly  from  a  member  of  that  expedition  ;  and  in 
several  other  matters  was  either  an  eyewitness  or  had  access  to  original 
documents  now  lost.  His  narrative  was  written  to  urge  other  mission- 
aries to  the  field  in  which  he  was  so  devoted  a  laborer  —  **And  I,  little 
and  unworthy  of  the  poorest  the  world  can  give,  desire  to  end  the  days 
of  m3''  life  among  these  heathen,  preaching  the  word  of  God."  His 
dedication  to  the  head  of  his  order,  pleading  for  helpers  in  that 
"vineyard  of  the  Lord,"  and  the  indorsement  of  Fray  Francisco  de 
Velasco,  which  precede  the  "Noticias,"  need  not  be  printed  here,  as 
our  chief  concern  is  with  his  history.  For  like  reasons  of  space  the 
annotation  is  made  as  brief  as  possible.  But  the  accuracy  of  transla- 
tion and  notes  is  vouched  for. 


RELATING 
all  the  things 

THAT   HAVE   BEEN   SEEN   AND    KNOWN   IN   NEW   MEXICO 

as  well  by  sea  as  by  land 

FROM   THE   YEAR    1 538    TILL   THAT   OF    1 626 

By  the  Father 

GERONIMO  DE  ZARATE  SALMERON 

Preacher  of  the  Franciscan  Order  of  the  Province  of  the 

Holy  Gospel. 


Addressed 

TO   OUR   MOST    REV.    FATHER    FRAY    FRANCISCO    DE   APODACA 

Father  of  the  Province  of  Cantabria  and  Commissary  General 
of  all  the  provinces  of  this  New  Spain. 


THE  NOTBS  BEGIN— 1538. 

1 .  In  the  year  1 538,  Don  Antonio  de  Mendoza  being  viceroy  of  this 
New  Spain  (l),  was  the  first  time  an  attempt  was  made  to  discover  the 
Californias  and  coast  of  the  South  Sea  (2)  ;  for  the  which  sailed  four 
vessels  of  the  Marques  del  Valle  (3).  And  the  holy  Fray  Antonio  de 
Ciudad-Rodrigo,  who  was  then  Provincial  of  this  province  of  the  Holy 
Gospel,  sent  three  priests  in  those  vessels  to  the  discovery.  They  ar- 
rived at  the  Californias  at  the  entrance,  in  the  port  which  is  now  called 


(i)  Mexico.    (2)  Pacific.    (3)  Cortez. 


338  LAND    OF  SUNSHINE. 

I^  Paz,  in  lat.  24°;  and  as  the  land  did  not  seem  to  them  as  good  as  they 
desired,  they  returned. 

2.  In  the  same  year  the  Father  Provincial  sent  two  other  priests  by 
land  to  the  same  coast  of  the  South  Sea,  traveling  northward  by  Jalisco 
and  New  Galicia.  These  two  priests  went  in  company  of  a  Captain  and 
12  soldiers  who  went  in  search  of  mines.  Having  passed  all  the  terri- 
tory that  had  been  discovered  and  conquered  in  that  direction,  they 
found  two  roads  well  opened.  The  captain  chose  that  to  the  right  and 
followed  it,  saying  it  led  northward.  And  with  a  few  days'  journey 
they  came  into  regions  so  rough  that  he  obliged  them  to  turn  back, 
which  they  did.  Of  the  priests  one  sickened  and  turned  back  also  ; 
but  the  other,  with  two  Indian  interpreters  he  carried,  followed  the 
left-hand  road  to  the  coast — a  very  straight  road.  He  arrived  in  a  land 
populated  with  Indians  who  were  poor,  the  which  came  forth  to  re- 
ceive the  priest,  taking  him  for  a  thing  of  heaven.  They  touched  him 
and  kissed  his  robe.  The  Indians  went  on,  accompanying  him,  day's 
march  by  day's  march  ;  more  than  300  persons.  Some  of  them  went 
aside  to  hunt  jackrabbits,  cottontails  and  deer,  which  are  abundant  in 
that  land ;  and  giving  first  to  the  priest,  that  he  should  eat,  the  rest 
they  divided  among  themselves.  In  this  manner  he  walked  more  than 
200  leagues  ;  and  in  almost  all  this  road  he  had  news  of  a  country  very 
populous  with  people  who  wore  clothes,  and  who  had  houses  of  sods, 
and  not  of  one  story  only,  but  of  many  stories.  Other  peoples,  they 
said,  were  settled  on  the  bank  of  a  great  river,  and  that  there  are  many 
walled  pueblos,  and  that  they  have  wars,  the  one  with  the  other  ;  and 
that  across  that  river  there  were  other  pueblos,  many  and  greater,  of 
richer  people  ;  that  they  had  cows  larger  than  ours,  and  other  animals 
not  seen  in  Castile. 

3.  In  quest  of  this  land  had  already  gone  out  many  and  bulky  fleets 
by  sea  and  armies  by  land  ;  but  from  them  all  God  hid  it,  and  to  a  poor 
fraile  of  St.  Francis,  broken  down  and  penniless,  it  was  made  manifest, 
discovered  and  seen  sooner  than  by  them.  ''Because  thou  hast  hid 
these  things  from  the  wise  and  prudent  and  hast  revealed  them  unto 
babes."  (Matthew,  XI,  25.)  There  is  no  more  to  say.  This  priest  re- 
turned to  give  the  news  of  what  he  had  seen  and  learned.  As  soon  as 
this  news  was  made  public,  many  Spaniards  wished  to  enter.  The 
Provincial  who  was  then  Fray  Marcos  of  Niza  (4),  to  assure  himself  of 
what  that  priest  had  said,  took  the  lead  before  the  Spaniards  should 
enter,  and  went  as  quickly  as  he  could.  He  found  the  priest's  narra- 
tive to  be  true,  and  thus  corroborated  it  as  a  man  who  had  seen  it  and 
found  it  true. 

4.  The  Viceroy  Don  Antonio  de  Meudoza  in  person  made  ready  to 
go  on  this  journey,  to  avoid  the  thefts  and  evil  deeds  that  soldiers  com- 
mit on  such  occasions.  But  grave  duties  prevented  him,  and  so  he  sent 
in  his  stead  Francisco  Vazquez  Coronado,  who  took  in  his  suite  the 
Father  Provincial  (5)  of  this  province  and  four  other  priests  (6),  true 
sons  of  our  father  St.  Francis. 

JouRNKY  OF  Francisco  Vazoukz  Coronado  to  New  Mexico. 

5.  Before  Francisco  Vazquez  Coronado  should  enter  New  Mexico, 
the  Viceroy  had  sent  a  fleet  to  the  Californias;  its  fleet  commander 
being  Francisco  Alarcon  and  its  field  commander  Marcos  Ruiz.  The 
which  fleet  was  lost  without  accomplishing  anything.  Its  people  re- 
turned to  this  new  Spain  ;  and  as  it  had  no  result  I  spend  no  more  time 
in  treating  of  this  journey. 

6.  Francisco  Vazquez  left  this  city  of  Mexico  in  the  year  1540;   and 

(4)  Misspelled  here  Denia.  (5)  Marcos  of  Niza.  (6)  Fray  Juan  de  Pabilla,  the  martyr 
of  Kansas ;  Fray  Juan  de  la  Cruz,  martyred  at  Bernalillo ;  Fray  lyuis  de  Escalona, 
martyred  at  Pecos,  Fray  Antonio  Victoria  did  not  make  the  journey,  having  broken 
his  leg  near  Culiacan. 


JPIONEERS   OF   THE   FAR    WEST.  339 

having  passed  through  the  provinces  of  Chametla,  Gulhuacan  (7),  Sin- 
aloa,  they  entered  by  the  Valley  of  Hearts  and  by  the  valleys  of 
Sonora,  which  are  more  than  sixty  leagues  long.  He  arrived  at  the 
province  of  Cuiii  '8),  lodged  his  camp  in  the  pueblo  of  Zivola,  which 
is  the  capital  of  that  province  ;  and  from  this  place  sent  30  soldiers  to 
discover  the  sea  and  to  see  if  the  fleet  appeared,  according  to  its  in- 
structions to  meet  the  army  in  so  many  degrees  north  latitude.  These 
men  went  traveling  northwest,  and  arrived  at  the  Sea  or  Gulf  of  Cali- 
fornia in  lat.  39""  They  found  no  trace  of  the  fleet.  They  only  found 
two  vessels  anchored,  and  awnings  fitted  up  as  tents  of  some  mulatoes 
resembling  Moors  or  Chinamen.  Coming  to  them  they  asked  them  by 
signs  where  they  were  from  and  what  they  sought.  They  [the  mulatoes], 
likewise  by  signs,  said  they  came  from  very  far — some  understood  from 
Gran  China,  and  others  understood  from  Asia  Major — and  that  they 
were  buying  metals  and  amber  which  the  Indians  of  a  mountain  range 
which  joins  the  sea  brought  down.  The  soldiers  returned  to  report  to 
Francisco  Vazquez  Coronado  what  they  had  seen  ;  but  they  did  not  find 
him  in  Cuni,  because  he  had  gone  to  explore  the  Buffalo  plains  [llanos 
de  Zivola]  with  its  innumerable  herds  of  that  name  [cibola].  He 
camped  his  army  in  these  plains  and  thence  sent  (9)  30  soldiers  to  dis- 
cover the  great  city  of  Quivira.  They  traveled  northeast,  or  even  more 
north  than  northeast.  These  soldiers  say  (10)  that  they  arrived  at  a 
very  populous  city  surrounded  by  a  wall  with  gates ;  and  they  dared 
not  enter  it  they  were  so  few.  The  great  riches  of  this  city  I  dare  not 
set  down  here,  although  they  have  related  it  to  me  (11).  What  is  sure 
is  that  these  soldiers  returned  desiring  that  all  the  army  (which  was 
400  men)  should  go  thither.  They  came  and  reported  the  aforesaid  to 
their  general,  whom  they  found  crazy  (12)  from  a  fall  from  his  horse. 
Others  say  that  it  was  because  he  had  just  been  married  when  he  began 
this  expedition,  and  that  he  loved  his  wife  so  much  that  he  was  always 
weeping  and  sighing  for  her,  and  though  they  urgently  besought  him  to 
go  to  see  what  they  had  seen  ( 1 3)  he  answered  in  the  words  of  that  other 
invited  one  of  whom  St.  Luke  tells  us :  "I  have  married  a  wife  and 
therefore  I  cannot  come."  At  last  he  consoled  all  by  saying  that  al- 
ready the  winter  was  coming  on  and  he  wished  to  go  to  Mexico,  but 
that  next  year  he  would  return.  He  did  not  return,  however.  Since 
then,  all  are  of  so  great  desire  to  make  this  journey,  that  if  it  were  pro- 
claimed the  soldiers  who  would  go  in  at  their  own  cost,  with  arms  and 
horse,  would  be  so  many  that  they  would  suffice,  relieving  His  Majesty 
of  these  expenses.  The  important  thing  is  a  captain  such  as  is  fit  for 
the  like  explorations,  an  unselfish  Christian,  jealous  for  the  law  of 
God  and  desirous  of  the  advantage  of  the  king. 

7.  These  30  soldiers  in  this  journey  to  the  interior,  on  the  road  be- 
fore they  arrived  at  the  great  city  of  Quivira,  were  informed  by  the 
Indians  that  about  ten  days'  journey  from  there,  on  the  coast  of  the 
North  Sea  ( 1 4)  some  white  men  were  settled  ;  wearing  clothes,  and 
bearded,  and  that  they  had  swords,  arquebuses  and  vessels,  and 
other  as  clear  signs,  showing  that  these  are  the  Hollanders  of  New 
France.  Since  then  we  have  seen  and  communicated  with  Indians,  men 
and  women,  who  have  been  in  the  settlement  of  these  Hollanders  and 
have  been  with  them.  None  of  the  Spaniards  of  New  Mexico  has  failed 
to  see  this,  because  it  was  in  my  own  time. 

8.  And  as  Francisco  Vazquez  Coronado  returned  to  this  city  of 
Mexico,  the  Father  Provincial  [Niza]  returned  with  him,  and  so  did  two 

(7)  Culiacan.  (8)  Zuni.  (9)  In  fact  led.  (10)  A  grave  error.  They  say  quite  the 
reverse.  The  Quiviras  vrere  savages.  (11)  He  confounds  the  myths  which  led  to 
Coronado's  march  with  the  reports  of  what  the  march  really  discovered.  (12)  Not 
exactly.  (13)  If  the  fraile's  whole  *'  Relacion  "  were  no  more  accurate  than  hisaccount 
of  the  Coronado  expedition,  it  would  not  be  printed  here.  For  the  oflScial  accounts  see 
Winship  and  Bandelier.     (14)    Atlantic. 


340  LAND   OF    SUNSHINE 

of  hia  companions.  There  remained  behind,  among  those  Indians  of 
the  Plains  of  Zibola  the  Father  Fray  Juan  de  Padilla  and  the  Father 
Juan  de  la  Cruz,  apostolic  men  ;  and  a  Portuguese  called  Andres  del 
Campo,  and  two  Indian  laymen  [ffcfnat/os"].  And  as  Father  Padilla 
learned  from  the  Indians  (15)  of  the  great  settlements  that  are  under 
the  North,  and  that  if  he  would  travel  three  months  he  would  arrive 
where  there  were  innumerable  souls;  with  this  inspiration  he  set  out 
to  sec  them,  accompanied  by  the  J'ortuguese  and  the  lay  Indians  The 
Father  Juan  de  la  Cruz  remained  behind  alone  (16).  Having  traveled 
some  days  and  come  in  sight  of  a  great  settlement  of  the  Quivira,  the 
Indians  came  out  in  order  of  war  to  meet  them.  Seeing  them  come, 
the  priest  recognized  their  evil  intent,  and  begged  the  Portuguese,  who 
had  a  horse,  to  take  to  flight ;  and  likewise  the  lay  Indians  that  being 
light-footed  they  should  follow  [del  Campo]  ;  while  he  [Padilla]  would 
await  these  ravening  wolves,  that  they  might  glut  themselves  on  him, 
while  the  others  fled.  So  they  did ;  and  stationing  themselves  on  a 
hillock  to  watch,  they  saw  how  the  holy  man  awaited  on  his  knees  the 
coming  of  the  Indians.  They  came ;  they  slew  him.  The  same  fate 
befell  the  holy  Fray  Juan  de  la  Cruz,  whom  likewise  the  Indians  killed 
there  where  he  had  remained  (17).  The  Portuguese  and  lay  [Indians] 
escaped;  and  having  arrived  here  (18),  they  told  what  had  happened. 
And  it  is  worth  consideration  that  there  has  been  no  corner  discovered, 
in  this  New  Spain  in  which  the  first  Columbus  was  not  a  fraile  of  St. 
Francis.  They  have  ever  been  first  to  shed  their  blood,  that  with  such 
good  mortar  the  edifice  should  be  lasting  and  eternal.  This  matter 
rested  unspoken  for  the  space  of  40  years,  till  1581,  when  God  was 
pleased  [to  make  it  known]  through  a  lay  priest  of  my  Father  St. 
Francis,  called  Fray  Agustin  Ruiz.  He  was  in  the  Valley  of  Santa  Bar- 
bara [in  Chihuahua],  which  is  200  leagues  (19)  distant  from  this  city  of 
Mexico.  And  being  among  those  C6ncho  Indians,  he  learned  that  to 
the  north  there  were  great  settlements,  and  asked  permission  of  the  pre- 
lates to  go  among  those  infidels.  They  granted  it,  and  gave  him  two 
priests,  from  the  theological  schools,  young  men  of  good  example, 
named  Fray  Francisco  Lopez  (who  went  as  commissary)  and  Fray  Juan 
de  Santa  Maria.  These  were  soon  joined  by  12  soldiers  and  a  captain 
(20),  who  went  in  search  of  mines.  They  left  vSanta  Barbara,  journey- 
ing northward  200  leagues,  and  arrived  at  the  province  of  the  Indians  of 
the  Tigua  Nation  (21)  who  are  settled  on  the  bank  of  the  Rio  del  Norte 
(22),  400  leagues  from  the  city  of  Mexico.  Arriving  at  the  pueblo  of 
Puaray  (23),  as  it  appeared  to  the  soldiers  that  the  Indians  were  many 
and  themselves  few,  they  decided  to  return,  and  did  so.  The  priests  re- 
mained there  among  the  Indians ;  and  knowing  how  all  that  region 
was  populous  with  many  tribes,  they  entered  to  see  all  of  them.  Arriv- 
ing among  the  Tanos  Indians,  in  the  pueblo  of  Galisteo  (24)r,  and  see- 
ing their  docility,  the  three  priests  agreed  that  one  of  them  should 
come  [to  Mexico]  to  inform  the  prelates  what  they  had  seen,  in  order 
that  more  priests  might  come  in  to  work  in  that  vineyard.  The  Father 
Fray  Juan  de  Santa  Maria  now  offered  himself  for  this  journey.  He  was 
a  great  astrologer,  and  tracing  out  the  land  he  found  on  his  own  account 
how  they  might  have  journeyed  shorter  and  more  directly.  So  he  set 
out  behind  the  range  of  Puaray  (25)  to  go  by  way  of  the  salt  lakes,  and 
from  there  to  cut  straight  across  to  El  Paso,  on  the  Rio  del  Norte,  100 
leagues  this  side  of  New  Mexico  [that  is,  of  Santa  F^].     But  he  did  not 


(1{>)  ARain  very  Inexact.  Pray  Padilla  had  in  fact  already  accompanied  Coronado 
clear  to  Quivira.  He  now  went  "back.  See  *'  The  Spanish  Pioneers,'^  Lumrain,  p.  117, 
for  the  story  of  Padilla's  martyrdom  and  del  Campo's  unprecerlented  journey. 
(16)  Fray  I^uis  de  KBcalona  remained  in  Pecos,  and  was  there  slain  (17)  In  Bernalillo. 
N.  M.  (18)  In  Mexico,  after  eifcht  yearn'  wandering.  (10)  620  miles.  (2(i)  Francisco 
Sanchez  Chamuscado.  He  died  on  the  journey.  <21)  The  present  puel)lo  of  laleta, 
N.  M.  (22)  Rio  Grande.  (23)  Across  the  Rio  Grande  from  Bernalillo  ;  now  obliterated. 
(24)     Now  a  ruin.    Santo  Domingo  is  its  successor.    (25)    The  Sandia  Mountains. 


Ptr^ffEEft^  Ci^"  JH^ 


34^  LAND    OF  SUNSHINE. 

which  is  in  the  rigor  of  the  winter,  the  intemperate  weather  harmed 
none  of  them  ;  and  from  the  time  the  procession  started,  the  saint  be- 
gan to  work  miracles.  Of  the  which  another  priest  has  written  very 
fully;  and  for  that  reason  I  do  no  more  here  than  note  the  fact  and  pass  on. 

VOYAGE   OF  SEBASTIAN  VIZCAINO   TO   CAI^IFORNIA. 

12.  While  the  Count  of  Monterey  was  viceroy  of  this  New  Spain, 
His  Majesty  ordered  that  they  should  explore  [descubriesen]  the  Cali- 
fornias,  because  His  Majesty  was  informed  that  on  that  coast  there 
were  many  pearls.  This  commission  came  to  Sebastian  Vizcaino,  a  per- 
son of  standing  and  experienced  by  sea  and  land.  He  gathered  people 
for  the  trip  ;  and  since  the  priests  of  my  father  St.  Francis  have  been 
the  first  in  labors  and  new  explorations,  His  Majesty  ordered  that  they 
should  go  on  this  one.  Wherefore  went  Fray  Francisco  de  Balda  (as 
Commissary),  Fray  Diego  Perdomo,  Fray  Bernardino  de  Zamudio,  Fray 
Nicolds  de  Sarabia,  priests,  and  Fray  Crist6bal  Ivopez,  lay. 

13.  Embarking  in  Acapulco,  they  began  their  voyage  along  the  coast 
of  the  South  Sea,  steering  the  ship  to  the  northwest  (since  this  was 
the  trend  of  the  coast).  They  arrived  at  the  port  of  Zalagua,  where 
they  halted,  awaiting  the  provisions  and  the  soldiers.  They  sailed  from 
here  and  arrived  at  the  port  of  St.  Sebastian  and  isles  of  Mazatlan. 
Here  fifty  soldiers  deserted,  seeing  the  scant  provisions  they  carried, 
and  suspecting  what  [really]  happened  —  that  they  would  have  to  turn 
back  for  want  of  provisions.  From  here  the  Commissary  Fray  Fran- 
cisco Banda  went  back.  From  here  begins  the  mouth  of  the  [gulf  of] 
California,  which  is  80  leagues  wide  (29).  It  took  them  seven  days 
to  make  this  crossing.  They  went  ashore  where  there  were  many 
naked  Indians,  civil  folk.  They  passed  forward  to  'another  port,  where 
they  staid  eight  days.  A  priest  and  30  soldiers  went  inland  and  arrived 
where  there  were  many  Indians,  but  these  consented  not  that  the 
Spaniards  should  enter  their  houses.  But  near  these  [houses]  they 
brought  them  food — varieties  of  fish,  plums  and  other  fruits  ;  also  a  few 
pearls.  And  presently  they  said  to  the  Spaniards  that  they  must  go  back 
and  could  not  enter  the  houses.  Even  so  they  did.  They  [this  party] 
affirm  that  there  were  many  people,  and  that  all  sallied  to  see  the 
Spaniards  ;  that  afterward  they  lost  their  fear  and  all  came  to  see  the 
Spaniards,  little  and  big  bringing  rice.  They  were  here  1 5  days.  They 
sailed  away  to  find  a  more  convenient  place.  The  General  sent  the  flag- 
ship ahead  to  seek  a  good  harbor  ;  she  returned  within  six  days,  having 
found  a  very  good  harbor,  to  which  they  gave  the  name  Port  of  the 
Peace  [La  Paz].  There  are  many  afiiable  Indians,  who  received  the 
Spaniards  peacefully.  Here  the  indians  brought  a  few  more  pearls,  and 
various  fruits.  Here  they  entrenched  themselves  as  best  they  could, 
and  built  a  church  and  some  small  ranch  houses  for  the  priests  and  for 
themselves.  It  was  the  best  and  most  peaceful  harbor  they  had  thus 
far  seen  ;  and  therefore  they  made  it  their  chief  port.  [Cabeza  de  los 
demas.] 

14.  The  priests  asked  the  Indians  to  bring  their  children,  so  as  to 
teach  them  the  Doctrine,  the  which  they  did  with  good  will.  To  these 
[children]  the  [priests]  began  to  teach  the  first  rudiments ;  but  being 
there  not  over  two  months,  could  not  go  beyond  this.  The  Indians  had 
conceived  a  great  love  for  the  priests,  and  brought  them  presents  of 
fruit ;  but  they  fled  from  the  soldiers  and  could  not  look  upon  them, 
because  these  took  from  them  whatever  they  were  carrying.  They 
complained  to  the  priests,  and  indicated  with  the  finger  the  one  that 
had  wronged  them,  and  said  to  the  priests  that  they  alone  ought  to  stay, 
and  that  the  soldiers  should  go  away.  This  is  the  incarable  weakness 
of  soldiers  ;  and  unhappy  is  the  fraile  who  restrains  their  vices,  for  at 


(29)    211  miles. 


PIONEERS   OF    THE   FAR    WEST.  343 

once  their  tongues  are  poisoned  against  him.  *'The  venom  of  asps  is 
under  their  lips."  (30).  But  I  account  them  very  fortunate  who,  be- 
cause they  have  reproved  vice,  hear  such  epithets. 

15.  In  this  port  they  found  many  articles  made  of  iron^  left  by  the 
vessels  of  the  Marques  del  Valle  [Cortez]  which  I  have  mentioned 
above.  They  also  found  a  plaza  dearmas  [public  square]  laid  out ;  and 
the  Indians  said  that  Spaniards  had  been  there.  It  is  a  coast  most 
abundant  in  fish.  It  rains  in  October,  as  in  Spain.  There  are  many 
forests,  and  good  timbers  for  building  vessels. 

16.  From  here  Gen.  Sebastian  Vizcaino  despatched  the  admiral  Lope 
de  Arguelles  with  the  flag-ship  and  a  launch,  up  the  mouth  of  the  Cali- 
fornia [gulf]  to  explore  the  rest.  They  went  in  as  far  as  full  30°  north 
lat.,  and  were  always  well  received  by  the  Indians.  The  coast  is  very 
mild  ;  there  are  many  pearl  fisheries  ;  and  in  four  fathoms  deep  the 
water  is  so  clear  that  from  above  one  can  see  the  pearl  oysters  as 
plainly  as  if  they  were  on  top  of  the  water.  The  Indians  gather  an  in- 
finity of  these  oysters  to  eat ;  the  which  they  put  in  great  fire-pits 
[hogueras]  to  bake.  There  they  open  and  the  pearls  are  burned — some 
of  them  are  very  large.  And  if  the  pearl  is  big  they  put  a  hole 
through  the  middle  and  hang  it  on  their  neck  for  an  ornament. 

17.  The  Father  Fray  Bernardino  de  Zamudio  told  me  how  the 
Spaniards  took  out  very  good  pearls  until  Sebastian  Vizcaino  ordered 
that  they  should  show  all  they  found,  that  he  might  set  aside  the  king's 
share  (31)  ;  and  thereupon  they  would  not  seek  more.  I  do  not  treat 
here  of  the  deaths  or  happenings  [of  that  journey]  for  brevity's  sake, 
since  I  am  not  making  history.  I  merely  say  that  to  all  of  them  the 
land  appeared  very  good,  and  if  they  had  not  lacked  provisions  they 
would  not  have  returned,  and  today  that  land  would  be  very  well  set- 
tled up.     God  knows  what  was  best. 

VOYAGE  OF  SEBASTIAN   VIZCAINO   TO   CAPE   MENDOCINO. 

18.  Some  vessels  coming  from  China  to  the  Philippines,  in  north  lat. 
42°  saw  a  point  of  land  which  they  named  Cape  Mendocino,  in  honor 
of  the  Viceroy  Don  Antonio  de  Mendoza,  who  had  sent  them ;  and 
they  noticed  that  from  there  to  the  point  of  Navidad  all  was  mainland. 
Arrived  in  New  Spain,  they  reported  this  to  the  Viceroy,  who  made  it  a 
point  to  explore  this  and  the  whole  coast  up  to  it.  He  sent  out  some 
vessels,  but  they  got  no  farther  than  the  port  of  Santiago,  now  called 
Magdalena,  in  lat.  25°.  They  returned  because  it  seemed  to  them  impos- 
sible to  go  farther,  since  on  that  coast  the  northwest  winds  are  con- 
tinuous ;  which  is  a  searching  wind,  diametrically  against  navigation, 
which  must  run  up  the  coast  northwestwardly. 

19.  King  Phillip  Third  knew  how  his  father  had  ordered  this  explor- 
ation, lyikewise  His  Majesty  found  some  papers  and  data  that  certain 
foreigners  had  given  his  father,  wherein  they  told  him  notable  things 
which  they  had  seen  in  that  country,  having  been  driven  thither  by  the 
force  of  the  storm  which  struck  them  when  they  were  fishing  for  cod- 
fish off  Newfoundland.  They  had  passed  [they  said]  from  the  North 
Sea  to  the  South  Sea  [from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific],  through  the 
Straits  of  Anian  (32) — or  at  least,  if  the  exit  is  not  the  Straits  of  Anian, 
then  some  strait  which  opens  the  other  side  of  Cape  Mendocino  in  lat. 
43°  ;  in  which  strait  they  had  seen  a  most  populous  city,  rich,  well  girt 
with  walls,  and  of  a  people  polite,  courtly  and  well  mannered  ;  besides 
other  things  worthy  to  be  seen. 


(30)  Here,  as  often,  Fray  Ger6nimo  quotes  Latin.  (31)  The  "quintos  del  rey,"  or 
one-fifth.  (32)  This  mythical  Strait  of  Anian  was  one  of  the  stubbornest  geographical 
superstitions  about  America— the  Northwest  Passage  brave  Sir  John  Franklin  perished 
in  search  of  as  lately  as  1847.  Anian  is  pretty  well  disposed  of  by  the  shrewd  Viceroy 
of  Mexico,  Revilla  Gigedo,  in  1793,  in  his  important  report  published  in  this  magazine 
June  to  September,  iS^. 


344  LAND   OF  SUNSHINE. 

20.  His  Majesty  ordered  that  this  exploration  should  be  made,  not 
stickling  at  cost,  for  it  was  his  will.  The  Count  of  Monterey  [Viceroy 
of  Mexico],  desiring  to  fulfill  with  all  punctuality  what  His  Majesty  so 
ardently  ordered,  named  for  general  of  this  expedition  Sebastian  Viz- 
caino ;  for  admiral,  Toribio  Gomez  de  Corban  ;  and  not  wishing  to  give 
them  frailes  from  this  province,  took  three  barefoot  [Descalsos]  monks 
of  Our  Lady  of  Carmen,  named  Fray  Andres  de  la  Asuncion,  Fray  An- 
tonio de  la  Ascension,  and  Fray  Tomds  de  Aquino.  The  cosmographer, 
to  map  the  country,  was  Geronimo  Martin.  They  departed  from  [the 
City  of]  Mexico  March  7,  1607  :  on  the  5th  of  May  they  sailed  from 
Acapulco — three  vessels  and  a  long  barge  to  enter  the  coves  ;  and  sev- 
eral made  for  sailing — and  took  their  route  northwest.  It  has  already 
been  said  how  the  winds  are  contrary  for  this  navigation.  For  which 
reason,  from  leaving  the  port  of  Acapulco  till  they  arrived  at  Cape  San 
Sebastian,  which  is  north  of  Cape  Mendocino,  their  voyage  lasted 
seven  months  of  continuous  navigation.  They  reached  the  port  of 
Navidad,  and  Cape  Corrientes,  and  the  islands  of  Mazatlan  (these  are  two 
fair-sized  islands,  and  close  together  ;  between  them  and  the  mainland 
it  makes  a  good  harbor,  into  which  empties  the  swollen  river  which 
comes  from  New  Galicia).  This  is  where  the  Englishman  Thomas 
Cady  careened  and  repaired  his  ship  while  he  waited  for  our  vessels  to 
arrive  from  China  that  he  might  rob  them.  The  mainland  of  this 
island  is  Caponeta  and  Chametla.  From  here  begins  the  mouth  of  the 
California  [gulf]  by  the  coast  and  mainland  of  this  New  Spain.  34 
leagues  from  these  islands,  in  the  direction  of  Sinaloa,  the  Rio  de  To- 
luca  (here  called  Rio  de  Narito)  enters  the  sea.  They  went  from  here, 
crossing  an  arm  of  the  sea  between  said  islands  and  Cape  St.  Lucas, 
which  is  the  junction  and  mainland  of  California.  The  crossing  [of 
the  gulf]  is  here  sixty  leagues.  Close  to  Cape  St.  Lucas  is  the  port  of 
San  Bernab6,  where  there  were  great  numbers  of  naked  Indians,  with 
bows  and  arrows.  These  are  the  usual  weapons  of  all  the  country,  and 
this  is  enough  to  say  about  it  for  the  whole  voyage.  These  [Indians] 
called  the  Spaniards  to  come  on  land.  They  leaped  out ;  and  when  the 
Indians  saw  so  many  Spaniards  they  retired  to  a  hillock  ;  and  as  the 
Spaniards  kept  approaching  the  Indians  kept  withdrawing.  Father 
Fray  Antonio  de  la  Ascencion  went  to  them,  and  they  waited  for  him. 
He  embraced  them  with  much  love,  and  directly  they  put  their  bows 
and  arrows  on  the  ground.  The  said  Father  called  a  Negro  to  bring  a 
pannier  of  biscuits  to  give  them.  The  Indians  were  pleased  at  seeing 
the  Negro,  and  said  that  near  by  was  an  island  of  Negros,  who  were 
their  friends.  On  this  shore  was  great  quantity  of  pearl  oysters.  Here 
they  caught  great  quantity  of  fish,  such  at  ruflSes,  red-snapper,  halibut, 
catfish,  topes,  sharks,  skates,  rays,  chuchos^  Hsas,  salmon,  horse-mack- 
erel, snorers,  bonito,  mutton-fish,  hog-fish,  sole,  plum-fish,  eels  and 
other  varieties  whose  names  they  did  not  know.  On  all  this  coast  there 
is  great  quantity  of  sardines.  It  is  a  land  healthful,  good  and  fertile, 
of  mild  climate.  There  is  much  hunting,  of  the  chase  and  fowling ; 
many  groves  and  fruit-bearing  trees.  The  Indians  bring  for  sale  many 
animal  skins,  tanned  on  the  flesh  side  —  of  the  lion  [puma],  tiger 
[jaguar],  wolf  and  coyote  ;  and  many  small  nets  of  cotton,  curiously 
wrought. 

21.  The  captain's  ship  left  this  stopping-place  and  reached  the  port 
of  Magdalena ;  and  until  it  reached  the  island  of  Cedro[s]  the  other 
vessels  were  not  seen.  On  this  voyage  they  encountered  great  tempest ; 
each  day  they  saw  themselves  lost.  I  relate  here  only  the  things  they 
saw,  for  brevity's  sake.  This  port  of  Magdalena  is  very  great,  a  most 
handsome  bay,  prettily  sheltered.  This  bay  has  two  entrances  ;  an  arm 
of  the  sea  runs  inland,  it  is  not  known  how  far.  It  is  thickly  populated 
with  Indians. 

22.  This  is  the  place  where  the  Englishman  who  robbed  the  ship 


PIONEERS   OF   THE   FAR    WEST.  345 

Santa  Ana,  thrust  ashore  the  people  who  had  come  in  the  ship ;  and 
having  plundered  her  he  set  her  afire.  They  left  here  and  examined  a 
bay  into  which  a  river  discharges  ;  they  named  it  Cove  of  San  Cristo- 
bal. They  arrived  at  the  bay  of  Ballenas  [whale  bay],  so  called  from 
the  great  number  of  whales  there.  There  was  a  great  number  of  In- 
dians, who  said  that  inland  they  were  more  numerous  yet.  They 
reached  the  isles  of  San  Roque,  and  soon  the  isles  of  Asuncion,  Esterio 
and  Mala.  There  were  great  numbers  of  sea-lions  as  large  as  yearling 
calves.  There  is  a  vast  amount  of  fish.  They  went  out  in  quest  of 
Cedros  Island,  and  reached  a  high  mountain  against  which  the  sea 
beats ;  it  is  wholly  naked,  without  any  sort  of  grass  or  trees  ;  all  of  it 
marbled  in  belts  of  various  colors,  so  pretty  and  sightly  that  it  caught 
the  eyes  of  all,  since  they  saw  the  veins  even  from  afar.  Some  miners 
who  were  along  said  that  it  was  great  riches  of  silver  and  gold,  and 
tried  to  get  ashore  ;  but  the  coast  was  so  wild  and  the  waves  beat  with 
such  great  force  that  it  gave  them  no  chance.  They  reached  the  island 
of  Cedros,  entering  between  the  mainland  and  the  island  of  Navidad. 
The  captain's  ship  and  frigate,  before  reaching  the  island  of  Cedros, 
anchored  in  the  port  of  San  Bartolomd,  which  is  barren  and  without 
water.  They  found  on  the  beach  only  a  bitumen  which  smelled  of 
shell-fish  ;  and  because  it  had  not  a  good  odor  they  did  not  burden 
themselves  with  it.  Some  affirmed  that  it  was  ambergris ;  and  so 
much  was  there  of  this  sort  that  they  could  have  loaded  a  vessel  very 
well,  for  all  the  beach  was  full  of  this  bitumen.  And  no  one  [need] 
marvel  at  this,  because  the  whales  that  are  there  are  in  great  number  ; 
and  the  surge  of  the  sea  flings  this  ambergris  on  the  beach.  There  was, 
besides,  a  vast  amount  of  stranded  fish  ;  for,  fleeing  from  their  enemy, 
the  big  fish,  they  come  so  close  to  land  (where  the  other,  being  big, 
cannot  come)  that  the  waves  of  the  sea  easily  cast  them  ashore.  For 
this  reason,  there  are  on  this  coast  innumerable  birds  which  smell 
fishy.  They  explored  this  land ;  and  as  they  did  not  find  water  they 
left  just  as  quickly  as  they  could.  They  reached  Cedros  Island,  near 
which  is  a  point  called  Cape  St.  Augustine.  The  frigate  went  to  sail 
around  Cedros  Island,  and  found  it  was  30  leagues  in  circumference ; 
with  very  great  forests  on  the  crown  of  the  highest  hills  ;  all  the  trees 
were  the  most  lofty  cedars.  There  are  many  Indians,  but  they  wished 
no  friendship  with  the  Spaniards,  but  sooner  threatened  them  with  their 
arrows.  The  frigate  went  to  reconnoiter  the  cove,  and  it  was  seen  that 
an  arm  of  the  sea  ran  inland.  They  did  not  see  the  end  of  it,  for  it 
entered  very  far  inland,  toward  the  east.  They  went  in  search  of  the 
Isle  of  Cenizas  [ashes].  Steering  to  the  northwest,  which  is  toward  the 
main  coast,  they  came  to  land,  and  it  was  good,  sightly,  cheerful  and 
well  wooded.  They  saw  the  bay  of  San  Hip61ito  ;  good,  peaceful  and 
fertile.  They  found  a  wide  and  much  traveled  road  which  led  inland, 
and  a  very  large  Canada  (33)  covered  with  palm  leaves.  More  than  50 
persons  could  get  inside.  At  four  leagues  to  the  northwest  is  the  cove 
of  San  Cosme  ;  a  good  harbor  sheltered  from  the  northwest  wind.  Near 
the  beach  on  the  mainland  is  a  big  lagoon  of  fresh  water.  The  land  is 
good  and  fertile,  well  wooded  and  very  populous.  They  reached  the 
foot  of  a  great  range,  high,  black  and  precipitous  at  the  sea,  called 
Sierra  of  St.  Ciprian.  Joined  to  these  ranges  on  the  leeward  side  (which 
is  the  southwest)  are  some  white  bluffs,  and  on  them  much  people. 
Soon  comes  the  island  of  San  Geronimo.  They  reached  the  bay  of  San 
Francisco  (34),  where  were  many  Indians,  affable  and  peaceful.  Here 
they  found  the  horns  of  buffaloes  (35)  and  elk.  The  land,  extremely 
good,  and  wooded,  showed  signs  that  there  were  abundant  herds  by  the 


(33)  Fr.  Zarate  must,  have  mistaken  his  informant's  word.  Canada  is  a  valley.  Per- 
haps he  means  ramada  —  the  characteristic  brush  house  of  California  Indians. 
(34)  Lower  California.  (35)  A  mistake,  of  course.  There  were  no  buflfaloes  in  Cali- 
fornia. 


346  LAND   OF  SUNSHINE. 

dung  and  tracks  that  were  seen.  North  of  this  is  a  cove  into  which  the 
floodtide  enters  with  great  fury ;  and  when  it  ebbs  it  is  neither  more  nor 
less.  In  this  port,  and  in  that  of  San  Ger6nimo,  were  great  numbers  of 
soles  and  divers  other  fishes.  The  frigate  entered  this  cove  and  found  a 
famous  port.  They  went  ashore  ;  and  great  numbers  of  Indians  were 
fishing  from  canoes  made  of  rushes.  Soon  as  they  saw  the  Spaniards 
they  came  with  gladness,  and  gave  them  of  the  fish  they  had  with  great 
love  and  good  will,  and  directly  told  them  where  there  was  good  fresh 
water.  These  people  showed  particular  love  to  the  Spaniards,  and  did 
not  go  to  their  ranches  without  bidding  them  farewell  and  begging 
leave  to  go  and  rest-  And  from  the  interior  came  many  Indians  to  see  the 
Spaniards.     The  women  were  modest  and  dressed  in  the  skins  of  animals. 

These  Indians  have  a  trade  in  fish  with  the  Indians  of  the  interior. 
They  carry  fish  and  bring  back  mescalli^  which  is  a  preserve  of  the  root 
of  the  Maguey.  These  [Indians]  said  how,  in  the  interior,  there  were 
many  white  folks,  bearded  and  clothed  ;  that  they  had  arquebuses,  and 
that  they  were  not  more  than  six  days'  journey  distant.  They  cannot  be 
the  soldiers  of  New  Mexico  ;  for  according  to  the  demarcation  of  the 
land,  by  the  variation  of  the  meridians  and  climes  of  the  maps  (as  the 
cosmographer  reckoned  it)  from  here  to  the  camp  of  the  Spaniards  of 
New  Mexico  is  200  leagues  (36).  Father  Fray  Antonio  de  la  Ascension 
says  they  are  Muscovites  [Russians] .  Departing  from  here,  they  soon 
arrived  at  the  island  of  San  Hilario.  There  is  a  big  bay  which  gives 
shelter  from  the  northwest  wind.  There  were  many  Indians,  and  very 
impudent.  From  here  they  went,  sailing  against  the  wind  and  cur- 
rents. They  reached  a  great  bay  walled  by  high  ranges  ;  and  through 
a  break  entered  an  arm  of  the  sea.  Near  here  are  two  islands,  toward 
the  west,  called  All-Saints.  Six  leagues  north  are  four  islands  called 
the  Coronados.  North  of  these  islands,  on  the  mainland,  is  the  port  of 
San  Diego.  It  has  a  hill  which  wards  oflf  the  northwest  wind.  It  has 
many  scrub-oaks,  reeds,  furze,  and  rosemary,  and  many  odoriferous 
herbs.  The  harbor  is  most  beautiful,  and  large,  and  shelters  at  all 
seasons.  On  the  other  side,  to  the  northwest,  is  another  port  (37).  On 
this  beach  they  dug  some  wells  in  the  sand  ;  and  when  the  tide  was  up 
the  wells  had  fresh  water  in  them  ;  and  when  the  tide  was  out,  salt 
water.  Many  Indians  came  to  see  the  Spaniards,  painted  blue  and  silver 
color.  Being  asked  what  this  was,  they  showed  some  ores  from  which 
they  made  their  paint,  and  said  that  some  white  and  bearded  men  who 
lived  near  there  were  working  that  metal.  Coming  to  a  Spaniard  who 
wore  a  leather  jacket  with  some  fancy  trimmings,  they  said  those  white 
men  also  had  leather  jackets  of  the  same  sort.  This  port  is  fertile,  with 
much  pasturage,  good  lands,  much  hunting  of  birds  and  beasts,  good 
climate,  good  sky  and  soil. 

They  reached  a  bay,  a  good  arrangement  of  the  land  twelve  leagues 
north,  away  from  the  mainland.  It  is  called  Isle  of  Santa  Catarina  (38) 
[St.  Catherine]  ;  and  before  reaching  it  they  espied  another  greater  one, 
southwest  of  this  of  Santa  Catarina.  The  inhabitants  of  the  island 
made  great  rejoicings  over  the  arrival  of  the  Spaniards.  They  are  fisher- 
men, using  boats  of  boards  ;  the  prows  and  poops  high,  and  the  middle 
very  low.  Some  will  hold  more  than  twenty  persons.  There  are  many 
sea-lions,  the  which  these  Indians  hunt  for  food  ;  and  with  the  tanned 
skins  they  all  cover  themselves,  men  and  women,  and  it  is  their  usual 
protection.  The  women  are  very  handsome  and  decent.  The  children 
are  white  and  ruddy  and  very  smiling.  Of  these  Indians,  many  wished 
to  come  with  the  Spaniards ;  they  are  so  loving  as  all  this.  From  here 
follows  a  line  of  islands,  straight  and  orderly,  at  four  to  six  leagues 
from  one  to  another.  The  length  of  ail  these  islands  is  100  leagues. 
All  have  communication  with  one  another  and  also  with  the  mainland. 

[TO  BE  CONTINUED.] 

(36)    Nearly  double  that,  in  fact.    (37)    False  Bay.    (88)    Now  Santa  Catalina. 


347 


'"^ms^ 


IN  THE 

_  LION'S  DEN 


i.:^ 


To  a  list  which  already  included  nearly  every  other  prominent  writer 
upon  the  West,  this  magazine  is  now  proud  to  add  the  name  of  Dr. 
Elliott  Coues  as  a  member  of  its  regular  staff.  Dr.  Cones  is  eminent 
in  ornithology,  lexicography  (he  is  one  of  the  authors  of  the  Century  Dic- 
tionary) and  Western  history.  Perhaps  his  most  important  work  is  in 
the  latter  line.  A  deep  scholar,  a  trenchant  writer,  never  without  a 
quick  and  willful  humor,  Dr.  Coues  is  always  worth  reading,  and  always 
most  readable. 

Benj.  Ide  Wheeler  has  entered  upon  his  duties  as  president  of      the 
the  University  of  California ;  and  next  month  this  magazine  new 

will  print  a  forecast,  specially  written  by  him  for  these  pages,  dispensation. 

of  what  he  hopes  to  do  there,  along  with  a  compact  sketch  of  what  the 
University  has  already  done  and  what  it  now  is. 

It  would  be  absurd  to  blink  the  fact  that  Prest.  Wheeler  has  taken  a 
large  contract  at  Berkeley.  We  are  something  provincial  still,  being 
congested  with  them  that  are  not  yet  over  surprise  at  the  size  of  the  map. 
There  is  always  opposition  to  the  leader  of  men — if  his  mind  were  just 
like  the  average  mind,  he  would  not  be  a  leader.  Further,  the  State 
University  is  a  State  University  ;  therefore  not  so  far  from  politics  as  is 
the  mercy  of  God.  And  the  tin-horn  statesmen  wore  out  the  only  presi- 
dent Berkeley  ever  had  who  was  at  all  comparable  tb  Dr.  Wheeler — drove 
him  to  the  retirement  of  Johns  Hopkins.  But  there  is  a  peculiar  set  to 
President  Wheeler's  jaw.  He  does  not  look  as  though  peanut  politi- 
cians could  tire  him  out — and  if  he  won't  let  them,  he  will  do  a  service 
to  the  best  things  a  man  can  revere.  He  is  one  to  win  the  devoted 
loyalty  of  the  student  body  ;  he  has  the  universal  respect  of  scholars  ; 
he  can  have  and  will  have  the  love  and  godspeed  of  all  true  Californians. 
With  that  sort  of  backing,  he  can  afford  to  do  whatever  he  deems  right. 
And  with  Wheeler  at  Berkeley  and  Jordan  at  Stanford,  California  is 
*' better  fixed"  than  any  other  State  in  the  Union,  and  prophecy  will 
begin  to  become  true. 

It  will  not  do  to  laugh  at  Catholics  for  deeming  the  Pope  in-      who 
fallible  and  then  turn  round  and  think  our  politicians  so.     It  18  your 

is  a  very  simple  duty  of  manhood  (and  we  believe  Americanism  pope  ? 

stands  for  manhood)  to  judge  right  as  right  and  wrong  as  wrong  ;  and 
to  hold  every  man  accountable  to  that  unvarying  standard.  Whether  he 
be  our  man  or  our  adversary,  potentate  or  pauper. 

And  now  it  is  winter  with  us  of  California — an  early  winter  and      what 
with  every  promise  to  be  **  severe."   The  first  rains  fell  bravely  winter 

Oct.   11.     In  precisely  four  days  the  broad  bosom  of  Mother  means 

Earth  was  cracked  with  infinite  wee  upheavals.  Another  day,  and  there 
was  at  each  crowsfoot  a  hint  of  green.  A  week  more,  and  these  innu- 
merable growing  things  were  an  inch  high,  and  the  landscape  began  to 
show  patches  of  emerald.  In  a  few  weeks  now  our  world  will  be  green 
with  lush  plants,  hurrying  to  their  time  of  blossom  —  the  months  when 
they  winter-carpet  God's  country  with  such  broideries  of  color  as  no 
Eastern  State  ever  remotely  dreamed  of— wild  flowers  by  the  hundred 


348  LAND   OF  SUNSHINE. 

leagues,  and  so  thick  a  child's  foot  could  scarce  be  set  down  without 
trampling  flowers. 

The  sky  is  made  over  new,  the  air  whips  the  cheeks  like  a  spray  of 
alcohol,  the  snowy  mountains  climb  high  on  the  northern  sky,  imminent 
above  our  flowery  orange-groves  and  roses.  And  so  it  will  go  through 
the  enchanted  months  that  Californians  call  Winter — a  day  or  night  or 
two  days  and  nights  of  swift,  wet  rain  —  then  a  week  or  two  weeks  of 
glory — say  a  little  more  perfect  April  days  than  any  one  April  day  New 
England  ever  saw  —  more  rain,  more  shine,  more  snowy  cumuli  and 
snowy  peaks — and  forever  and  ever  roses  and  open  windows  and  bare- 
foot babes  and  a  new  joy  in  life.  That  is  Winter  in  our  book.  And 
yet  the  grace  of  God  includes  about  sixty-five  million  Americans  who  do 
not  even  know  what  "  good  weather  "  means  ! 

LEARNING  It  is  a  vcry  wicked  thing,  in  some  judgments,  to  be  a  college 

AS  A  president.    It  is  noticeable,  of  course,  that  this  enmity  toward 

RED  RAG.  learning  comes  mostly  from  those  who  have  none  to  speak  of. 
A  college  president,  indeed,  is  only  human.  His  training  may  tend  to 
narrow  him  as  an  outdoor  man — though  Eliot  of  Harvard  was  an  athlete 
of  the  highest  rank,  and  Jordan  of  Stanford  can  play  football  and  climb 
the  Jungfrau  and  be  a  man  among  men  anywhere.  Nowadays,  too,  a 
college  president  is  no  longer  a  desiccated  bookworm.  He  is  not  only 
a  scholar — he  has  to  be,  and  is,  a  man  of  affairs.  Even  a  |20-a-week  re- 
porter need  not  too  disdainfully  look  down  on  a  scholar  who  successfully 
manages  ten  to  twenty  millions.  College  presidents  are  not  altogether 
fools.  And  Americans  who  can  afford  it  generally  send  their  sons  to 
college,  where  they  are  in  danger  to  become  wiser  than  the  rabble.  No 
good  American  scorns  a  man  for  his  misfortunes,  unless  they  are  willful ; 
but  every  good  American  grows  weary  of  the  ignorance  which  looks 
upon  all  learning  as  an  enemy. 

KEPT  Whether  the  Administration's  Philippine  policy    is    morally 

FROM  THE  right  or  wrong — and  there  are  several  million  people  on  each 

PEOPLE.  side  of  a  disagreement  about  this  point,  and  only  one  side  can 
be  right — none  but  those  who  forget  what  little  they  once  knew  of 
United  States  History  can  deceive  even  themselves  into  thinking  it  is 
American.  It  is  American  to  obey  the  Constitution.  Congress  is  the 
only  power  that  can  legally  launch  this  nation  upon  any  war,  or  main- 
tain it  in  any  war.  Now  is  the  first  time  in  our  history  that  a  President 
has  declared  war  on  his  own  hook,  and  kept  it  going  by  his  lone  self. 
The  excuse  that  it  **  began  "  by  itself  and  he  had  to  keep  it  going  indi- 
cates that  the  sober  bulk  of  the  people  must  be  taken  by  the  politicians 
for  very  simple  folk.  **  What  else  could  he  do  ?"  cry  the  organs.  Do? 
He  could  have  called  a  special  session  of  Congress  to  do  its  duty  as  to 
war,  as  easily  as  he  calls  one  to  arbitrate  pewter  dollars.  But  he  has 
taken  very  good  care  not  to — evidently  suspicious  that  Congress  might 
"  meddle."  All  these  bitter  months  he  has  kept  the  war  to  himself ;  re- 
fusing to  submit  to  the  people  the  most  momentous  question  that  ever 
came  before  them.  And  as  Congress  is  not  wholly  without  politicians, 
and  politicians  are  always  afraid  of  big  questions — lest  they  fall  on  the 
unpopular  side,  after  all — Congress  has  not  demanded  its  right  and  duty. 
All  this  was  not  constitutional,  nor  is  it  safe,  even  with  so  good  a  man  as 
President  McKinley.  Wiser  and  larger  men  (and  it  is  not  sedition  to 
rank  Washington  and  the  other  Fathers  of  the  Republic  as  larger  and 
wiser  than  any  recent  President)  designed  Congress  expressly  as  a  check 
on  the  one-man  power.  The  country  did  not  dare  to  put  in  George 
Washington's  hands — nor  has  any  President  before  now  attempted  to 
wield — any  such  authority  as  President  McKinley  has  taken  and  is 
using.  Not  one  of  them  could  afford  the  luxury  of  a  personal  war.  If 
the  hand  of  God  had  pushed  any  of  our  former  great  Presidents  into 
any  kind  of  a  war,  his  first  act  would  have  been  to  convene  Congress, 


IN    THE   LION'S   DEN.  349 

What  was  power  enough  to  give  Washington  and  Lincoln  is  power 
enough  to  give  McKinley.  And  God  pity  the  kind  of  Americans  who 
don't  care  whether  a  policy  is  constitutional  or  not ! 

When  one  looks  abroad  in  society,  literature  and  politics,  the      our 
easiest  thing  to  be  seen  is  how  many  kinds  of  cowards  civiliza-  timid 

tion  makes  us.     We  label  it  with  all  sorts  of  pretty  labels  ;  but  training. 

when  a  man — ditch-digger  or  senator  or  president — fails  to  do  what  he 
knows  he  ought,  he  is  simply  a  coward.  And  how  many  of  us  ever 
pass  a  day  without  doing  what  we  would  not,  because  some  one  will 
say  something  if  we  don't  ? 

Ever  since  modern  history  began,  England  has  been  butcher-  money- 
ing  little  peoples  and  putting  their  lands  in  her  pocket.    She  grubbers 

never  takes  anyone  her  own  size.    In  200  years  she  has  not  and  men. 

fought  a  just  war  on  her  own  hook — and  she  does  not  mean  to  begin. 
The  California  Lion  is  no  tail-twister.  He  reveres  England  for  what  she 
does  well ;  and  of  her  litter  are  some  of  his  dearest  friends.  But  history 
is  history.  The  war  on  the  Boers  is  of  a  piece  with  England's  past — the 
little  republic  is  to  be  slaughtered  to  fatten  British  pockets.  The  Uit- 
landers  are  only  an  excuse.  If  Britons  and  Americans  don't  like 
Kruger's  republic,  what's  to  hinder  their  coming  home  ?  They  can  have 
"liberty"  here.  They  have  gone  into  another  man's  house  to  make 
money.  Because  they  cannot  run  the  house,  they  wish  to  kill  their 
host.  That's  the  plain  English  of  it.  Of  course  our  newspapers  (not 
one  of  which,  in  all  this  country,  has  a  correspondent  in  the  war)  find 
it  easier  to  swallow  British  promoter's  news  than  to  think.  Prest.  Kru- 
ger  was  "very  insolent  "  not  to  let  England  get  all  her  troops  on  the 
ground.  His  message  was  simply  :  •*  You  act  warlike.  Will  you  ex- 
plain yourself  at  once  ?  If  not  I  shall  take  it  for  granted  you  mean 
war."  And  that's  what  any  brave  man  would  do  m  his  own  affair. 
England  is  fighting  for  gain.  The  Boers  are  fighting  for  their  homes 
and  their  freedom.  No  sophistry  can  change  those  twin  facts — nor  does 
it  change  the  morals  of  the  case  if  the  Boers  are  impolite  and  rude. 
This  Lion  hopes  they  will  make  many  a  Majuba  Hill.  It  might  even  be, 
in  the  grace  of  heaven,  that  as  one  of  England's  own  colonies  once 
fought  too  bravely  to  allow  profitable  conquest  (and  We  ought  to  remem- 
ber that  fact),  history  shall  again  repeat  itself. 

One  thing  every  man  with  a  man's  blood  must  glory  in — and  that  is  the 
little  Orange  Free  State.  When  other  lands  are  drunken  money-getters, 
this  chivalrous  little  republic  keeps  its  word  and  its  honor  by  joining  the 
Boers  in  a  hopeless  struggle.  May  God  be  good  to  men  like  that !  And 
would  that  He  lent  us  some  of  their  spirit.  Every  American  who 
knows  the  history  of  his  own  land  will  wish  well  to  the  two  little  South 
African  republics  which  are  tod^  where  we  were  in  1776. 

The  Club  has  spent,  this  summer,   something  over  $200  in      the 
initial  repairs  at  San  Diego  Mission.     Most  of  this  work  has  landmarks 

been  done  in  underpinning  threatened  walls ;  and  the  money  club. 

has  done  full  work,  thanks  to  Mr.  W.  S.  Hebbard,  architect  in  charge. 
But  this  is  only  a  small  part  of  what  must  be  done  there  ;  and  the  club 
appeals  to  its  members  to  pay  up  this  year's  dues,  as  not  more  than  a 
quarter  of  them  have  done.  The  club  has  just  sent  another  |1 00  from  its 
lean  treasury,  and  expects  the  San  Diego  people  to  match  it,  as  they  did 
before.  There  is  crying  need,  however,  for  more  funds.  If  the  members 
will  all  pay  up  their  dues,  it  will  enable  a  great  deal  of  work  to  be  done. 

We  have  previously  acknowledged  contributions  amounting  to  |3715.- 
96  ;  new  contributions  are :  G.  H.  Buck,  Truth,  New  York  city,  $5 ; 
Geo.  Parker  Winship,  John  Carter  Brown  Library,  Providence,  R.  I.,  $2  ; 
Adam  Dove,  Los  Angeles,  |2.  $1  each,  Frederick  Webb  Hodge,  Bureau 
of  Ethnology,  Washington,  D.  C. ;  Miss  A.  M.  Kallock,  San  Jos6,  Cal.  ; 


350  LAND   OF  SUNSHINE. 

Mrs.  J.  M.  C.  Marble,  Elizabeth  Marble,  C.  B.  T.  Clay,  Los  Angeles; 
Arthur  McDonald  Dole,  Pomona,  Cal. 

COMING  With  all  allowance"^  for  the  yellowness  of  our  newspapers,  it 

DOWN  has  at  last  become  clear  that  Gen.  E.  S.  Otis  is  the  wrong  man 

TO  FACTS.  in  the  wrong  place.  Dewey's  officially  judicious  words  are  in 
themselves  a  severe  criticism  ;  and  criticism  is  universal.  Generals  were 
blackguarded  in  our  Big  War,  it  is  true  ;  but  that  does  not  make  out 
that  every  general  is  right  because  criticised.  Gen.  Otis  has  not  even 
the  respect  of  his  men — ask  the  returned  volunteers.  He  is  upheld  by 
the  administration — which  is  right  if  he  is  right.  But  the  administra- 
tion also  upheld  Alger.  It  has  come  to  be  past  serious  question  that 
the  Filipino  outbreak  was  caused  by  bad  management ;  that  it  would 
not  have  occurred  if  Dewey  or  Lawton  had  been  Governor-General  ; 
that  it  could  be  stopped  now  in  two  days.  And  these  things  are  going 
to  be  reckoned  with. 

The  papers  and  people  who  pack  their  minds  away  with  camphor- 
balls  in  the  Administration  closet  are  assuring  us  that  '*  only  a  few  Fili- 
pinos of  one  tribe  "  object  to  being  benevolently  assimilated  by  us. 
Evidently,  That's  the  reason  we  are  sending  70,000  American  soldiers 
and  40  American  war-ships  to  the  Philippines.  It  is  iust  a  street  row, 
for  the  police  to  put  down. 

One  can  imagine  the  feverish  administration  pressure  put  on  Dewey  to 
get  him  to  keep  from  saying  anything  anti-Imperial.  But  it  will  take 
a  good  deal  more  than  we  have  had  yet  to  make  anyone  believe  Dewey 
in  sympathy  with  the  present  policy.  And  if  he  be,  it  is  not  the  last 
word.  Even  Dewey  is  not  so  big  as  Truth  and  Justice.  Even  the  Ad- 
miral can  be  mistaken. 

There  is  needless  concern,  among  the  grateful  feeders  at  the  federal 
board,  over  the  **  cruel  indecency  "  of  calling  for  Dewey  for  president. 
We  expect  lofty  consideration  from  the  machine.  A  nomination  to  the 
presidency  is  a  deadly  insult,  of  course,  and  our  dear  Dewey  should  not 
be  insulted.    Besides,  he  might  not  be  kind  to  the  Push. 

A  proud  and  grateful  country  has  done  full  honor  to  George  Dewey 
without  a  dissenting  voice.  Up  to  date  he  has  made  a  clean  record.  He 
has  done  his  duty  magnificently  and  stopped  there.  There  is  none  of 
the  ear-to-the-ground  business  about  Dewey.  The  nation  welcomes  the 
man  as  it  will  never  welcome  a  politician. 

As  Ex-Gov.  Boutwell  truly  says,  a  more  distinguished  list  of  names  is 
already  written  to  the  anti-Imperial  protest  than  has  been  brought  to- 
gether in  America  since  the  Declaration  of  Independence.  It  is  daily 
growing  harder,  even  for  amaranth  newspapers,  to  call  * 'traitors'*  prac- 
tically all  the  ablest  men  in  the  United  States. 

There  was  a  notion  once,  on  ancient  hearsay,  that  the  Almighty  is 
without  variableness  or  shadow  of  turning.  But  as  we  are  now  assured, 
on  the  highest  (vicarious)  authority,  that  the  Administration  is  a  mere 
instrument  of  the  divine  will,  it  becomes  evident  that  God  changes  His 
mind  a  good  many  times  in  a  year. 

The  administration  newspapers  are  evidently  getting  anxious.  They 
have  found  out  that  it  is  treason  to  question  the  President.  Then  they 
are  all  traitors — for  it  is  not  four  years  since  these  same  papers  were 
blackguarding  a  President. 

If  it  is  wicked  to  disagree  with  the  President,  our  servant,  then  we 
can  never  change  him.  The  election  of  Lincoln,  therefore,  was 
"treason."    So,  for  that  matter,  was  the  election  of  McKinley. 

Chas.  F.  Lummis. 


35i 


THAT 

WHICH  IS 
WRITTEM 


The  disappointed  scribbler  always 
knows  why  he  is  crushed.  Not  because  of 
his  congenital  flatness,  his  illiteracy,  his  impu- 
dence— not  at  all !  It  is  simply  because  editors  and  pub- 
lishers are  afraid  of  real  merit,  and  mere  toadies  to  sue- 
So  afraid  that  they  would  rather  give  Kipling  $1000  for  two  or 
three  pages  of  his  trash  than  to  Jones  the  |50  for  which  Jones  would  be 
hysterically  glad  to  sell  "something  Kipling  never  could  write." 
These  cringing  conspirators  care  nothing  for  money,  so  long  as  by 
squandering  it  they  can  oppress  struggling  genius.  They  spend  their 
days  and  nights  hating  everyone  that  is  Unknown.  Of  course  Kipling 
and  all  the  other  trashy  favorites  were  Known  when  they  began.  If 
anyone  now  successful  was  once  obscure,  it's  all  Luck.  Not  at  all  be- 
cause he  could  write. 

No  two  consecutive  mails  come  even  to  this  little  magazine  without 
some  letter  wailing  on  this  string — but  gratefully  sure  that  this  editor 
does  not  belong  to  the  combine  which  is  trying  to  stifle  talent.  And 
even  some  truly  clever  people  (who  may  write  very  well  but  lack  the 
human  touch  ;  or  who  are  very  vital  but  have  no  technique)  salve  their 
wounds  with  this  silly  and  mean  apology.  I  was  simply  dumbfounded, 
not  long  ago,  by  an  editorial  lament  of  the  same  brand  from  the  brilliant 
Argonaut — which  is  certainly  no  squelched  genius. 

Now  there  is  nothing  known  to  man  more  false  or  more  foolish  than 
this  whole  idea  ;  and  lew  things  so  vain  and  cowardly.  Instead  of  be- 
ing hard,  literature  is  nowadays  laughably  easy.  Time  was  when  pub- 
lishers were  few  aud  the  market  small,  and  some  flowers  of  genius  went 
begging — though  it  is  to  be  noticed  that  we  have  them  all.  Within  a 
few  years  we  have  gone  book-drunk.  Every  printer  is  a  publisher  ; 
everyone  reads.  The  result  is  a  competition  so  hot  that  we  are  ava- 
lanched  with  literature  —  such  as  it  is — and  that  nearly  "everything 
goes."  Not  only  is  it  a  sheer  impossibility  for  merit  to  go  unrecognized 
— it  can  hardly  find  an  asylum  from  which  it  will  not  be  dragged  into 
print.  And  anything  which  cannot  find  a  glad  publisher  now  is  bad  in- 
deed. Every  publisher  is  fairly  dragging  the  ponds  for  new  writers. 
Many — most — famous  authors  ate  pot  boiling  on  the  fire  of  their  reputa- 
tion. The  editor  knows  that  almost  as  well  as  you  do.  He  is  also 
aware  of  your  roar.  It  is  visible  to  him  that  he  can  get  a  dozen  articles 
from  a  novice  for  what  he  has  to  pay  the  celebrity  for  one  ;  and  he  is 
looking  for  the  novices,  hard.  All  he  asks  of  them  is  work  good  enough 
for  a  very  much  cheapened  market. 

So  when  he  declines  to  discover  me,  who  am  more  than  willing  for  a 
Columbus,  the  wisest  thing  I  can  do  is  to  conclude  that  the  'literary 
club"  and  church  social  (which  adore  me)  are  about  my  size.  The 
man  who  has  succeeded  may  be  an  ass  in  some  ways  ;  but  I  needn't  be  a 
bigger  in  all  ways — as  I  am  if  I  blame  him  for  being  unable  to  forget  my 
incapacity. 

A  neat,  well  made,  well  bound  edition,  two  volumes  in  one,  a  novel 
and  at  the  very  modest  price  of  one  dollar,  must  largely  widen  worth 

the  popularity  of  F.  Marion  Crawford's   The  Ralstons,    This  reading. 

powerful   and    stirring    novel   of  New    York    high-life  has  a  vitality 


352  LAND    OF  SUNSHINE. 

which  should  keep  it  in  circulation  for  a  long  time.  The  fine  old  multi- 
millionaire'*  Uncle  Robert;"  his  iron  nephew  "Alexander,"  who  be- 
gins to  disintegrate  under  vast  temptations  ;  **  Katherine  "  the  unspoiled 
and  unsubmissive  beauty — these  and  a  dozen  other  characters  are  strongly 
and  dramatically  drawn  ;  and  incident  is  as  unflagging  as  the  most  exi- 
gent could  wish.  It  is  a  book  no  one  lays  down  without  regret ;  a  novel 
of  the  large  order.     The  Macmillan  Co.,  66  Fifth  ave.,  New  York.    |1. 

'and  a  most  useful  and  authoritative  little  book  is  J.  M.  Buckley's 

OTHER  Christian  Science  and  Other  Superstitions.    And  withal  most 

SUPERSTITIONS.''  interesting.  Dispassionately  aud  logically,  Dr.  Buckley  re- 
views these  strange  fanaticisms,  which  are  fully  entitled  to  so  mild  a 
name  as  "  Superstitions,'^  although  some  very  respectable  and  otherwivSe 
sane  people  accept  them.  That  the  world  was  believed,  by  its  ablest 
minds,  not  many  centuries  ago,  to  be  flat,  does  not  demand  that  we  re- 
spect the  like  ignorance  now.  Dr.  Buckley's  papers  are  not  only  ex- 
cellent reading  ;  they  should  be  of  real  service.  The  Century  Co.,  New 
York.   50  cents. 

A  PIRATE  A  born  story-teller,  fitted  out  with  a  vast  fund  of  personal  ex- 

IN  periences  as  a  sailor  and  a  still  vaster  fund  of  sailor  hearsay, 

CLOVER.  Herbert  Elliott  Hamblen  came  in  one  step  from  the  obscurity 

of  a  mechanic  to  a  popular  success  as  a  writer.  His  On  Many  Seas 
made  a  distinct  sensation.  Here  was  a  new  man  with  something  to  tell, 
and  a  shoulder-hitting  directness  in  his  telling.  And  as  everyone  likes 
a  good  story,  his  market  was  made. 

He  has  followed  up  this  success  with  several  other  books  in  quick  suc- 
cession, and  none  of  them  fall  short  in  vivid  interest.  The  Yarn  of  a 
Bucko  Mate^  his  latest,  comes  nearer  being  a  novel  of  adventure  :  for  it 
shows  not  only  his  graphic  power  but  construction  of  no  mean  order. 
The  picture  of  the  brutalities  of  the  old  packet-ships,  while  of  course 
exaggerated  in  its  proportions,  has  a  ghastly  fascination  ;  and  the  logical 
blossoming  of  the  brute  *'  Bucko  Mate  "  of  the  **  Osceola  "  into  a  par- 
ticularly base,  mean  and  murderous  pirate,  develops  the  plot  still  more 
interestingly.  Cocos  Island  and  its  "treasure  "  is  the  pivot  of  the  plot ; 
and  is  handled  with  a  calmness  worthy  of  Rider  Haggard.  Begging 
pardon  of  Mr.  Hamblen's  footnote,  it  is  not  "a  historical  fact"  that 
thirty  millions  or  any  other  treasure  was  buried  on  Cocos.  It  is  one  of 
the  common  sea-myths,  no  more  ;  but  it  has  cost  a  good  many  credulous 
lives  and  a  great  deal  of  money,  and  is  still  being  sought  by  the  class  of 
people  preordained  to  swindle  themselves. 

The  whole  book  is  a  breathlessly  "good  story,"  so  far  as  its  running 
quality  is  concerned.  But  as  to  its  taste  there  may  be  some  question.  I 
cannot  remember  that  its  publishers  have  ever  before  published  a  book 
of  this  class.  It  is  the  very  sort  of  book  to  fascinate  a  boy  ;  and  to  do 
no  boy  any  serious  good.  The  "  hero  "  is  so  cowardly  and  lustful  a  mur- 
derer as  was  never  rivaled  even  in  the  mucky  p^ges  of  W.  H.  Thomes. 
Chas.  Scribner's  Sons,  New  York.     $1.50. 

MORE  The  old   butterfly  hunter,    his  sound,  likable  niece,  and  her 

ARTHUR  two  human  children — these  start  off"  very  pleasantly  Arthur 

MORRISON.  Morrison's  To  London  Town.  Nor  are  our  expectations  dis- 
appointed, for  the  man  who  has  written  so  well  of  The  Child  of  the 
Jago  and  the  Tales  of  Mean  Streets^  gives  us  here  again  the  work  we  ex- 
pect of  him.  The  fortunes  of  the  little  family,  transplanted  after 
"  Grandad's  "  tragic  end,  to  the  metropolis  ;  the  brave  battle  of  "Nan," 
and  the  brave  development  of  her  boy;  the  cadging  "Uncle  Isaac" 
and  the  brute  "  Butson  " — these,  and  more  become  real  enough  to 
warm  us.  It  is  a  comfortable  and  an  interesting  book.  H.  S.  Stone  & 
Co.,  Chicago  and  New  York.     $1.50. 


THAT   WHICH    IS    WRITTEN.  353 

Baja  California  Ilustrado  is  third  in  the  series  of  "write-       ABOUT 
ups"  of  the  northern  States  of  Mexico  by  J.  R.  South  worth,  lower 

who  had  already  given  us  Sonora  and  Sinaloa.     The  present  California. 

volume  is  an  advance  on  its  predecessors  typographically,  while  of  the 
same  general  character  of  text.  The  half-tone  illustrations  are  numer- 
ous and  very  good,  and  much  commercial  and  other  information  is 
given  concerning  the  Peninsula  of  Lower  California.  Cloth,  $2.50, 
paper,  $1.50.    J.  R.  South  worth,  23  First  street,  San  Francisco. 

The  boarding-house  world  of  the  South  End  of  Boston  is      boston 
Walter  Leon  Sawyer's  setting  for  a  rather  shrewd  if  somewhat  rooms 

uneven   novel,  A   Local  Habitation.     The  story  is  simple  and  to  let. 

straightforward,  the  picture  of  life  clearly  enough  drawn,  and  some  of 
the  characters  are  distinct.  The  strongest  phase  of  the  story  is  an  in- 
sight— neither  content  nor  contemptuous — into  the  real  humanity  even 
of  people  who  live  in  cheap  boarding-houses ;  and  the  most  original 
feature  is  the  delineation  of  the  cad  "  Carter,"  a  would-be  author,  who 
goes  to  pieces  by  despising  his  "inferiors."  The  publishers.  Small, 
Maynard  &  Co.,  Boston,  have  a  reputation  for  handsome  workmanship, 
and  this  volume  is  particularly  attractive.     $1.25. 

Evidently  Frank  Norris  has  come  to  stay,  and  bringing  his      another 
welcome  with  him.     It  is  but  a  few  months  since  we  reviewed  success 

his  remarkable  novel  McTeague   (now  gone  into  its  fourth  by  norris. 

edition)  ;  and  already  comes  a  new  San  Francisco  story  from  his  pen, 
with  the  mystifying  title  Blix.  It  is  almost  the  swing  of  the  pendulum 
from  McTeague  ;  not  so  powerful,  certainly,  as  that  ghastly  study  in 
sodden  brutality,  but  far  more  comfortable  reading.  Indeed  the  grisly 
note  is  avoided  altogether ;  and  Blix  is  a  direct,  simple,  yet  ingenious 
and  loveable  love-story,  with  little  more  than  the  two  central  characters. 
Mr.  Norris's  descriptions  are  unusually  good,  and  not  too  much  dwelt 
upon  ;  his  character- drawing  is  literally  excellent.  We  have  a  right  to 
hope  large  things  of  a  young  man  who  already  shows  up  so  handsomely. 
Sent  on  approval.     The  Doubleday  &  McClure  Co.,  New  York.     $1.25. 

Her  first  book  proved  the  young  woman  who  calls  herself      "zack'S" 
"Zack"  an  artist  of  uncommon  power;  and  her  new   novel  powerful 

On     Trial  is  in  itself  enough   to  make  a   reputation.     It    is  stories. 

"realistic,"  of  course;  with  a  heorine  who  steals  for  her  lover, and  a 
lover  no  self-respecting  flea  would  abide  upon,  so  irredeemable  a  cur  is 
he;  and  a  peculiarly  congealed  villain,  and  various  other  characters  to 
whom  English  rural  districts  are  highly  welcome — if  so  be  they  there 
inhabit,  as  "  Zack  "  gives  us  to  understand.  Doubtless  no  one  is  blama- 
ble  for  being  a  "realist"  who  thinks  she  knows  that  kind  of  people. 
Personally  it  is  more  gratifying  to  recognize  the  fact  that  every  human 
life  has  some  humanity  in  it ;  and  that  no  one  ever  lived  on  a  dissecting- 
table.  But  no  one  can  refuse  the  skill  of  "  Zack's  "  scalpel,  and  the 
book  is  haunting  in  its  grip.     Chas.  Scribner's  Sons,  New  York.     $1.50. 

The    first    authorized  American  edition  of  George  Moore's      worse 
Esther   Waters,    which    has  made  so   much  noise,   has  been  and 

somewhat  added  to  since  its  English  birth.     It  is  a  strong  story  moore  of  it. 

of  the  servant  girl  world  ;  not  notably  squeamish  nor  in  anyway  up- 
lifting— as  "  realism  "  evidently  never  intends  to  be.  This  reviewer 
would  be  last  to  despise  the  humble  ;  but  for  that  very  reason  he 
fancies  that  an  unsnobbish  attitude  of  mind  would  make  even  servants 
more  interesting.  Perhaps  that  is  what  ails  the  mudpuddle  artists  any- 
how— they  lack  the  wherewithal  to  imagine  that  every  human  being  has 
some  spark  of  humanity.  If  Mr.  Moore  will  extend  his  horizon  of 
English  scullery-maids  he  can  doubtless  find  some  who  escape  the  lying- 
in  hospital — and  they  would  be  as  well  worth  writing  about.   There  seems 


354  LAND    OF  SUNSHINE. 

to  be  a  notion  in  that  certain  school  of  "literature"  that  nothing  is 
"powerful  "  except  mire.  Which  shows  how  hopelessly  God  falls  be- 
hind the  "realists,"  for  He  made  a  good  deal  more  sky  than  mud. 
Nevertheless,  Mr.  Moore  is  very  clever  with  mud.  H.  S.  Stone  &  Co., 
Chicago.    $1.50. 

SOME  Bliss  Perry,  editor  of  the  Atlantic  Monthly ,  is  also  editing  a 

"little  very   competent  series,  in    attractive  duodecimos,  of   Little 

MASTERPIECES  "  Masterpieccs.  There  is  already  one  dainty  booklet  of  judicious 
selections  from  Charles  Lamb  {Essays  and  Letters)  ;  and  one  from 
Thackeray^ s  Book  of  Snobs  and  so  on  ;  and  one  from  the  cream  of  De 
Quincey.  Similar  selections  are  to  follow  from  Poe,  Irving,  Hawthorne, 
Franklin,  Webster,  Lincoln,  Macaulay,  Ruskin  and  Carlyle.  Each  little 
volume  has  an  excellent  portrait  and  an  excellent  introduction  by  the 
editor.  Sent  to  any  address  on  approval.  The  Doubleday  &  McClure 
Co.,  New  York.     Cloth  30  cents  a  volume,  full  leather  60c. 

GARLAND'S  A  quiet,   dignified  new  edition   of  Hamlin   Garland's  Main 

BEST  Traveled  Roads  is  out,  and  has  several  additional  numbers  be- 

WORK.  tween  its  covers.  These  powerful  short  stories  of  the  Middle 
West  need  no  discussion  now.  They  have  taken  their  place.  It  is 
doubtful  if  Mr.  Garland  has  ever  done  any  other  work  quite  up  to  this. 
It  is  a  life  he  knows  and  feels — a  God-forsaken,  pessimistic  provincial 
world,  in  which  hot  biscuits  seem  to  have  gone  sodden  on  digestion,  and 
indigestion  to  have  poisoned  the  mental  attitude.  But  untouched  of  the 
heavenly  spark  as  these  lives  are,  Mr.  Garland  draws  them  with  almost 
brutal  power.     The  Macmillan  Co.,  66  Fifth  avenue.  New  York.     $1.50. 

ROMANCE  An  active  and  well-told  story,  competent  to  keep  even  a  sleepy 

WELL  person  awake  beyond  the  usual  hour,  is  A  Modern  Mercenary^ 

TOLD.  by  E-  and  Hesketh  Pritchard,  mother  and  son.   The  diplomatic 

fortunes  of  the  little  kingdom  of  "Maasau  ;  "  itssmooth  chancellor  and 
his  admirable  daughter ;  "Rally wood,"  the  English  soldier  of  fortune  ; 
the  stiff-necked  guard  ;  the  rival  intriguers  to  absorb  the  pocket  duchy 
for  Germany  and  England  respectively — these  are  touched  with  a  good 
deal  of  skill  and  still  more  of  vitality.  These  are  characters  we  come 
to  like  or  dislike  pretty  warmly — and  that  is  the  secret  of  story-telling. 
Sent  any^where  on  approval.  Doubleday  &  McClure  Co.,  New  York. 
$1 .25. 

KIPLING'S  Nothing,    apparently,    that   Kipling   could   write   if  he   tried 

SCHOOL  could  be  unworth  the  reading  ;  and    Stalky  &   Co.  still  shows 

BRATS,  the  strong  hand.  Personally,  one  may  prefer  Kipling  as  a  de- 
lineator of  four  footed  beasts  ;  yet  it  is  interesting  to  learn  frotn  the 
same  naturalist  how  much  less  morals  English  schoolboys  have  than 
the  quadrupeds  of  India.  The  adventures  of  "  Stalky"  and  his  accom- 
plices are  highly  entertaining,  however  ;  and  despite  the  esoteric  speech 
of  British  schools,  the  story  has  vitality  for  readers  everywhere.  It  is 
probably  true  to  life,  too — reading  it,  one  can  precisely  understand  the 
grown-up  Jingo.  The  Doubleday  &  McClure  Co.,  New  York.  Sent 
anywhere  on  approval.     $1.50. 

BOLD  Starting  ofif  with  sufficient  promise  of  dullness,   The  Perils  of 

BAD  Josephine^  by  Lord  Ernest  Hamilton,  promptly  becomes  excit- 

BRITONS.  ing  enough   for  any   palate.     We  cannot  doubt  the   Lord's 

word  that  such  sanguinary  rascals  obtain  in  England  as  "the  Squire" 
and  "Norman"  and  "Father  Boyle."  The  Lord  ought  to  know,  and 
doubtless  does.  At  any  rate,  the  plot  is  clever,  the  narrative  well  car- 
ried, and  the  interest  unflagging.  It  is  not  a  book  one  will  nod  over. 
H.  S.  Stone  &  Co.,  Chicago.     $1.50. 


THAT   WHICH    IS    WRITTEN.  355 

That  is  what  circulates  in  Joel  Chandler  Harris's  Chronicles  of      good 
Aunt  Minervy  Ann  ;  and  anyone  who  has  the  like  is  going  to  RED 

tingle  to  the  humanity  of  this  sturdy  story.     There  are  several  blood. 

pretty  real  people  in  the  book  ;  but  the  old  Negro  woman  is  a  rare  and 
vital  character,  flavorsome  and  wonderfully  taking.  It  is  doubtful  if 
Mr.  Harris,  with  all  his  successes,  has  done  anything  stronger  than  this 
untamed  figure.  The  whole  book  is  delightful  reading.  Chas.  Scrib- 
ner's  Sons,  New  York.     $1.50. 

The  October  Bookman  has  a  portrait,  and  an  appreciation  by       notes. 
Geo.  Hamlin  Fitch,  of  Dr.  C.  W.  Doyle  of  Santa  Cruz,  whose 
Taming  of  the  Jungle  brought  him  at  once  into  the  category  of 
California  authors  big  enough  to  count.     Dr.  Doyle  is  just  fetching  out 
a   novel  of  the   Chinese   i^uarter,  in   San    Francisco — The    Shadow   of 
Quong  Lung. 

The  Whitaker  &  Ray  Co.,  San  Francisco,  have  put  out  three  attract- 
ive pamphlets  of  good  matter.  Easily  first  is  David  Starr  Jordan's 
masterful  paper  on  California  and  the  Californians,  with  illustration. 
This  is  the  best  compact  statement  of  California  that  has  ever  been 
printed.  The  other  brochures  are  The  Man  Who  Might  Have  Been^  by 
Robert  Whitaker,  and  Prof.  Thos.  P   Bailey's  Love  and  Law. 

Chas.  A.  Keeler's  First  Glance  at  the  Birds  has  issued  from  the  press  of 
Elder  &  Shepard,  San  Francisco,  in  a  very  tastefully  made  brochure,  in 
large  type  and  on  deckle  edged  paper.  Here  is  very  pleasant  reading, 
along  with  dependable  information.     50  cents. 

Edmond  Rostand's  graceful  comedy  The  Romancers  is  issued  in  a 
very  attractive  12mo,  cloth,  by  the  Doubleday  &  McClure  Co.,  New 
York,  and  sent  to  any  address  on  approval.     50  cents. 

"This  satisfying  and  exquisite  volume  of  verse,"  is  the  just  phrase 
the  Dial  finds  for  Grace  Ellery  Channing's  Sea  Drift. 

Prof.  Solon  I.  Bailey,  the  intrepid  astronomer  in  charge  of  the  Harvard  Observatory 
in  Arequipa,  Peru,  issues  in  the  39th  volume  of  the  Annals  a.  valuable  report  on  Peru- 
vian Meteorology  1888  90.  It  is  illustrated  with  magnificent  photographs  of  the  volcano 
El  Misti  and  the  station  at  its  top  — the  highest  in  the  world.  Harvard  Observatory, 
'Cambridge,  Mass. 

Chas  Frederick  Holder,  LL.  D.,  one  of  the  most  prolific  and  sound  of  our  writers  of 
popular  science,  has  just  issued  somewhere  about  his  twenty-fifth  book  —  Stories  of 
Animal  Life,  in  the  "  Kclectic  School  Readings."  It  contains  a  large  number  of  in- 
teresting and  authentic  anecdotes;  and  is  good  reading.  The  American  Book  Co., 
New  York. 

Sugar-Pine  Murmurings  is  published  by  the  Whittaker  &  Ray  Co.,  San  Francisco, 
for  the  authors,  Elizabeth  Sargent  Wilson  and  J.  L.  Sargent.  It  is  a  mild  collection  of 
short  stories  and  sketches,  of  which  only  one  —  "The  Justice  of  John  Fannin"  lays 
hold  at  all  upon  worth.    $1. 

The  handsomest  thing  of  the  soit  in  many  years  is  the  Aztec  Calendar  issued  by  the 
Santa  F6  Route,  with  fine  color  reproductions  of  six  of  Burbank's  best  paintings  of 
the  Pueblo  Indians.  It  is  gratifying  to  note  that  the  road  has  returned  to  the  historic 
spelling  of  Moqui. 

Dr  Elliott  Coues's  labor  of  love  as  editor  of  the  Osprey  is  over.  He  had  put  it  to  the 
front  of  bird  journals;  but  his  larger  field  in  history  could  not  spare  him.  Dr.  Gill 
resumes  the  Osprey. 

Schopenhauer  in  the  Air  is  a  pamphlet  of  seven  tragic,  rather  unbalanced  short  stories 
by  Sadakichi  Hartmann.    207  E.  Thirteenth  street.  New  York,  50  cents. 

Chas.  F.  IvUmmis. 


A   RELIC   OF   THK   OLD   DAYS. 


IN   CHINATOWN. 


CM.  Davis  Kng.  Co. 


A  MAGNOWA  BI.OSSOM. 


Photo,  by  Graham 


IN   THK  SIERRA   MADRE. 


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State  of  Ohio,  City  of  Tolkdo,  ^ 

Lucas  County.  j  ^* 

Frank  J.  Chenky  makes  oath  that  he  is  the 
senior  partner  of  the  firm  of  F.  J.  Cheney  &  Co., 
doing  business  in  the  City  of  Toledo,  County  and 
State  aforesaid,  and  that  said  firm  will  pay  the 
sum  of  ONE  HUNDRED  DOLLARS  for  each 
and  every  case  of  Catarrh  that  cannot  be  cured 
by  the  use  of  Hall's  Catarrh  Cure. 

FRANK  J.  CHENEY. 

Sworn  to  before  me  and  subscribed  in  my  pres- 
ence, this  6th  day  of  December.  A.  D.  1886. 

\  cp..,  (  A.  W.  GLEASON, 

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Hall's  Catarrh  Cure  is  taken  internally  and  acts 
directly  on  the  blood  and  mucous  surfaces  of  the 
system.     Send  for  testimonials,  free. 

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ILL  develop  or  reduce 
any  part  of  the  body 


A  Perfect  Complexion  Beautifier 
and 

Remover  of  Wrinkles 

Dr.  John  Wilson  Gibbs' 

THE  ONLY 

Electric  IMassage  Roller 

(Patented  United  States,   Europe, 
Canada.) 
"  Ks  work  is  not  confined  to  the 
face  alone,  but  will  do  good  to  any 
Trade-Mark  Registered.       part  of  the  body  to  which  it  is  ap- 
plied, developing  or  reducing  as  desired.     It  is  a  very  pretty 
addition  to  the  toilet-table."— Chicago  Tribune. 

"This  delicate  Electric  Beautifier  removes  all  facial  blemishes. 
It  is  the  only  positive  remover  of  wrinkles  and  crow's-feet  It 
never  fails  to  perform  all  that  is  expected."— Chieago  Times- 
Herald. 

"The  Electric  Roller  is  certainly  productive  of  good  results. 
I  believe  it  the  best  of  any  appliances     It  is  safe  and  effective  " 
— Harkiet  Hubbard  Aykr,  New  York  World. 

For  IMassage  and  Curative  Purposes 

An  Electric  Roller  in  all  the  term  implies  The  invention  of  a 
physician  and  electrician  known  throughout  this  country  and 
Europe.  A  most  perfect  complexion  beautifier  Will  remove 
wrinkles,  "crow's-feet"  ipremature  or  from  age),  and  all  facial 
blemishes— POSITIVE  Whenever  electricity  is  to  be  used  for 
massaging  or  curative  purposes,  it  has  no  equal.  No  charfsing. 
Will  la-st  forever  Always  ready  for  use  on  ALL  PARTS  OF  THE; 
BODY,  for  all  diseases.  For  Rheumatism,  Sciatica,  Neuralgia, 
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The  Only  Electric  Roller. 
All  others  so  called  are  Fraudulent  Imitations. 


Copyright  Copyright. 

"Can  take  a  pound  a  day  off  a  patient,  or  put  it  on." — New 
York  Sun,  Aug.  30,  1891.  Send  for  lerture  on  "Great  Subject  of 
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For  the  Permanent  Reduction  and  Cure  of  Obesity 

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$5.00.  Mail,  or  office,  1370  Broadway,  New  York  'On  obesity,. 
Dr.  Gibbs  is  a  recognized  authority.— N.  Y  Press,  1899." 

REDUCTION  GUARANTEED 

"The  cure  is  based  on  Nature's  laws."— New  York  Herald,. 
July  9,  1893. 


qjTjanjTJxnjxruTj^ruTjTjiJUTjTj^riruxrT^^ 


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CAUFOPNIA 

NlW&(llfiNt)5l/iT[5i 

NlwYoris. 

NLWjtfiSLY, 

DtLAWARL'-oOmo 


The  section  generally  known  as  South- 
ern California  comprises  the  seven  coun- 
ties of  Los  Angeles,  San  Bernardino, 
Orange,  Riverside,  San  Diego,  Ventura 
and  Santa  Barbara. 
The  total  area  of 
these  counties  is 
44,901  square 
miles.  The  coast 
line  extends  north- 
west and  southeast 
a  distance  of  about 
275  ra  iles.  A 
$3,000,000  deep-sea 
harbor  is  now  un- 
der construction  at 
San  Pedro,  near 
Los  Angeles. 

The  orange  crop 
for  the  past  sea- 
son amounted  to 
$4,000,000.  f  1,500,- 
000  of  petroleum 
is  produced  an- 
nually, and  large 
shipments  are 
made  of  sugar, 
vegetables,  beans, 
grain,  deciduous 
fruit,  honey,  wine, 
brandy,  wool, 
hides,  etc. 

Over  $20,000,000 
are  invested  in 
mining.  Thous- 
ands of  dollars  are 
brought  here  by 
tourists. 

The    population 
in    1890   was    201,- 
352.     The    present 
population  is  esti- 
mated at  350,000. 

Los  AngeIvES  county  has  an  area  of 
4,000  square  miles,  some  four-fifths  of 
which  is  capable  of  cultivation,  with 
water  supplied.  The  shore  line  is  about 
85  miles  in  length.  The  population  has 
increased  from  33,881  in  1880  to  200,000. 
There  are  over  1 ,500,000  fruit  trees  grow- 
ing in  the  county.  Los  Angeles  city,  the 
commercial  metropolis  of  Southern  Cali- 
fornia, 15  miles  from  the  coast,  has  a 
population  of  about  115.000  Eleven 
railroads  center  here.  The  street  car 
mileage  is  nearly  200  miles.  There  are 
over  175  miles  of  graded  and  graveled 
streets,  and  14  miles  of  paved  streets. 
The  city  is  entirely  lighted  by  electric- 
ity. Its  school  census  is  24,766  ;  bank 
deposits,  $12,000,000;  net  assessed  valu- 
ation, $61,000,000;  annual  output  of  its 
manufactures,  $20,000,000  ;  building  per- 
mits,   $3,000,000,   and    bank    clearance. 


$64,000,000.  There  is  a  $500,000  coui 
house,  a  $200,000  city  hall,  and  man 
large  and  costly  business  blocks. 

The  other  principal  cities  are  Pasj 
dena,  Pomona,  Azusa,  Whittier,  Downe] 
Santa  Monica.  Redondo,  Long  Beacl 
and  San  Pedro. 

San  Bernardino  County  is  the  larj 
est  county  in  the  State,  is  rich  in  mine; 
als,  has  fertile  valleys.  Population  abov 
35,000.  The  county  is  traversed  by  tw 
railroads.  Fine  oranges  and  other  fruil 
are  raised. 

San  Bernardino  city,  the  county  sea 
is  a  railroad  center,  with  about  8,000  pec 
pie.  The  other  principal  places  ai 
Redlands,  Ontario,  Colton  and  Chino. 

Orange  County  has  an  area  of  67 
square  miles  ;  population  in  1890,  13,58? 
Much  fruit  and  grain  are  raised. 

Santa    Ana,    the    county    seat,    has 
population   of  over    5,000.     Other  citie 
are  Orange,  Tustin,  Anaheim  andFullei 
ton. 

Riverside  County  has  an  area  of  7,0C 
square  miles  ;  population  about  16,00( 
It  is  an  inland  county. 

Riverside  is  the  county  seat. 
Other  places  are  South  Riverside,  Pei 
ris  and  San  Jacinto. 

San  Diego  County  is  a  large  countj 
the  most  southerly  in  the  State,  adjoin 
ing  Mexico.  Population  about  45,00C 
The  climate  of  the  coast  region  is  re 
markably  mild  and  equable.  Irrigatioi 
is  being  rapidly  extended.  Fine  lemon 
are  raised  near  the  coast,  and  all  othe 
fruits  flourish. 

San  Diego  city,  on  the  ample  bay  o 
that  name,  is  the  terminus  of  the  Sant 
Fe  railway  system,  with  a  population  o 
about  25,000. 

Other  cities  are  National  City,  Bscon 
dido,  Julian  and  Oceanside. 

Vfntura  County  adjoins  Los  Ange 
les  county  on  the  north.  It  is  ver^ 
mountainous.  There  are  many  profit 
able  petroleum  wells.  Apricots  anc 
other  fruits  are  raised,  also  many  beans 
Population  about  15,000. 

San  Buenaventura,  the  county  seat,  ii 
pleasantly  situated  on  the  coast.  Popu 
lation,  3,000.  Other  cities  are  Sant£ 
Paula,  Hueneme  and  Fillmore 

Santa  Barbara  is  the  most  northert 
of  the  seven  counties,  with  a  long  shore 
line,  and  rugged  mountains  in  the  in 
terior.  Semi-tropic  fruits  are  largelj 
raised,  and  beans  in  the  northern  part  o! 
the  county. 

Santa  Barbara,  the  county  seat,  is 
noted  for  its  mild  climate.  Population 
about  6,000.  Other  cities  Lompoc,  Car- 
pen  teria  and  Santa  Maria. 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Land  of  Sunshinb.' 


YOUNG 
OR  OLD 


EVERY  WOMAN 

Who  Values  Bargains 


Importers  and  Manufacturers 

OF 

DRESS  SKIRTS 

UNDERSKIRTS 

SILK  WAISTS 

SHFRT  WAISTS 
MORNING  ROBES 
DRESSING  SACQUES 

WRAPPERS 

COLLARETTES 

JACKETS 

CAPES 
TAILOR  SUITS 


in  stylish,  dainty, 
serviceable  goods, 
should  call  and  in- 
spect our  stock  or 

Write 

for 

Prices  and 

Samples 

Skirts  Made  to  Order 


NEW  YORK  SKIRT  CO., 

341  South  Spring  St.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


f(\l\ 


Equipped  Establishment  in  the  Southwest 


Artistic 
furniture 

Made 
to  Order 


Send  for  Designs 
and  Estimates 


American  and  European  Plans.  Centrally 
located.  Elevators  and  fire  escapes.  Baths,  hot 
and  cold  water  in  all  suites.  Modern  conveniences. 
Fine  large  sample  rooms  for  commercial  travelers. 
Cafe  and  Grille  Room  open  all  hours. 

E.  O'BRIEN,  PROP. 


Condensed  Information — Southern  California. 


Southern  California  has  the  advantage 
of  being  able  to  grow  to  perfection  hor- 
ticultural products  that  can  be  raised  on 
a  commercial  basis  in  few,  if  any,  other 
sections  of  the  United  States. 

The  orange  is  the  leading  horticultural 
product  of  Southern  California,  99  per 
cent  of  the  crop  of  the  State  being  grown 
in  the  seven  southern  counties.  The 
chief  orange-growing  sections  of  South- 
ern California  are  the  San  Gabriel,  Po- 
mona and  Santa  Ana  Valleys  and  around 
Riverside  and  Redlands.  The  fruit  does 
well  in  certain  portions  of  all  the  seven 
southern  counties. 

The  culture  of  the  lemon  has  been 
largely  extended  during  the  past  few 
years. 

The  grape  is  extensively  grown  for 
wine  and  brandy,  for  raisins  and  table 
use. 

The  olive  tree  flourishes  in  Southern 
California. 

California  prunes,  which  have  become 
a  staple  product  and  are  rapidly  replac- 
ing the  imported  article  in  Bastern  mark- 
ets, where  they  command  a  better  price, 
are  largely  grown  in  Southern  California. 

The  fig  has  been  grown  in  California 
ever  since  the  early  days  of  the  Mission 
fathers,  but  it  is  only  during  the  past  few 
years  that  attempts  have  been  made  to 
raise  the  improved  white  varieties  on  a 
commercial  scale. 

The  apricot  is  a  Southern  California 
specialty,  which  flourishes  here  and  in  a 
few  other  sections  of  the  world. 

The  peach  grows  to  perfection  through- 
out Southern  California,  and  may  be 
gathered  in  great  quantity  during  six 
months  of  the  year. 

The  nectarine  grows  under  similar  con- 
ditions to  the  apricot. 

Apples  do  well  in  the  high  mountain 
valleys,  where  they  get  a  touch  of  frost 
in  winter,  and  near  the  coast,  where  the 
summers  are  cool.  Around  Julian,  in 
San  Diego  county,  is  a  celebrated  apple 
producing  section. 

Pears  succeed  well  throughout  South- 
ern California,  but  are  not  yet  grown 
largely  for  export. 

Walnut  culture  is  an  important  branch 
of  horticulture  in  Southern  California. 
The  chief  walnut  growing  sections  are  at 
Rivera  near  Los  Angeles,  in  Santa  Bar- 
bara county  and  in  the  Santa  Ana  valley 
in  Orange  county. 

A  number  of  almond  orchards  have 
been  planted,  especially  in  the  Antelope 
valley,  in  the  northern  part  of  Los  An- 
geles county. 

The  growing  of  winter  vegetables  for 
shipment  to  the  Bast  and  North  has  be- 
come an  important  branch  of  horticul- 
ture. Celery  is  shipped  Bast  by  the 
train  load  from  Orange  county,  during 
the  winter  months. 

The  culture  of  the  sugar  beet  in  South- 


ern California,  with  the  manufacture  of 
sugar  therefrom,  promises  to  become  one 
of  the  leading  industries  in  the  State. 
There  are  three  large  beet  sugar  factories 
in  this  section.  The  percentage  of  sugar 
contained  in  beets  raised  in  this  section 
is  remarkably  high,  often  running  from 
15   to  20  per   cent. 

Wheat  and  barley  are  grown  largely  in 
Los  Angeles,  Orange,  San  Diego  and 
Riverside  counties.  Large  quantities  of 
wheat  and  barley  are  raised  to  be  cut 
for  hay,  before  the  grain  matures.  The 
corn  raised  in  this  section  is  of  the  high- 
est standard,  sometimes  yielding  100 
bushels  to  the  acre,  with  stalks  over  20 
feet  high.  Orange  county  is  the  chief 
corn  producing  section. 

Alfalfa,  the  most  valuable  forage  plant 
in  the  world,  is  raised  on  a  large  scale, 
six  crops  being  frequently  cut  in  one 
year,  yielding  from  one  to  two  tons  to 
the  acre  at  each  cutting. 

The  lima  bean  is  a  specialty  in  Ventura 
and  Santa  Barbara  counties,  the  beans 
being  shipped  East  by  the  trainload. 

Southern  California  has  a  world-wide 
reputation  as  a  breeding  ground  fo"r  fine 
stock. 

The  dairy  interest  is  of  great  import- 
ance. There  are  a  number  of  creameries 
and  a  condensed  milk  factory. 

Southern  California  honey  is  celebrated 
the  world  over,  being  shipped  by  the  car- 
load to  the  Bast  and  Burope. 

The  ocean  abounds  in  food  fish  of 
many  varieties.  Sardines  are  packed  on 
a  large  scale  at  San  Pedro,  the  product 
bringing  a  high  price  in  the  Bastern 
market. 

Outside  of  horticulture.  Southern  Cali- 
fornia has  valuable  underground  re- 
sources. The  petroleum  deposits  of  this 
section  are  most  extensive,  and  are  being 
actively  developed.  The  petroleum  out- 
put of  California  for  1898  is  estimated  at 
over  $2,000,000  in  value.  Southern  Cali- 
fornia oil  is  mainly  used  for  fuel.  The 
cheap  petroleum  fields  are  in  Los  Ange- 
les city,  in  Ventura  county,  at  Summer- 
land  in  Santa  Barbara  county,  at  New- 
hall  in  the  northern  part  of  Los  Angeles 
county,  at  Puente  near  Whittier,  in  the 
same  county,  and  at  Fullerton  in  Orange 
county.  Other  fields  are  being  opened 
up.  Oil  is  now  worth  about  a  dollar  a 
barrel  in  Los  Angeles. 

There  are  valuable  gold  mines  in 
Southern  California.  The  first  discovery 
of  placer  gold  in  the  State  was  made  in 
Los  Angeles  county.  At  present,  the 
chief  gold  mining  section  of  Southern 
California  is  at  Randsburg,  just  inside 
the  border  of  Kern  county.  Gold  mines 
are  also  being  worked  at  Acton  in  Los 
Angeles  county,  in  Riverside  county  near 
Perris,  on  the  Colorado  desert  in  San 
Diego  county,  and  at  other  points. 


Educational 

Department. 


POMONA  COLLEGE 


Los  Angeles  Academy. 


Claretnont, 
California. 


Courses  leading  to  degrees  of  B.A.,  B.S.,  and 
B.  L.  Its  degrees  are  recognized  bv  Univer- 
sity of  California,  Stanford  University,  and 
all  the  Eastern  Universities. 

Also  preparatory  School,  fitting  for  all 
Colleges,  and  a  School  of  Music  of  high 
grade.       Address, 

FRANK  L.  FERGUSON,  President 


Occidental  College 

I.OS  ANGEI.ES,  CAI.. 

Three  Courses:    classical,  uterary, 

Scientific,  leading  to  degrees  of  B,  A.,  B.  I..,  and 
B.  S.     Thorough  Preparatory  Department. 

Fall  term  began  September  20, 1899. 

Address  the  President, 

Rev.  Guy  "W.  Wadgworth. 


CHAFFEY  COLLEGE,  o.t.ri.,  c.i. 

Well  endowed.    Most  healthful  location. 
Enter  from  8lh  grade. 

$250  00  per  vear. 

EI.M  TTALL,,  for  young  ladies,  under  charge 
of  cultured  lady  teachers.  Highest  stand- 
ards. 

WICST  TIA^LL,.  for  boys;  home  of  family  of 
Dean,  and  gentlemen  teachers. 


Pasadena. 


Boarding  and  Day  School  for  Girls 

Certificate  admits  to  Eastern  Colleges 

124  S.  EUCLID  AVE. 


GIRLS'  COLLEGIATE  SCHOOL 


1918-33-34-36 

South  Grand  Avenue, 
lios  Angeles 

Alice  K.  Parsons,  B.A., 

JBANNE  W.   DeNNEN, 

Principals. 


LASELL 


SEMINARY 

FOR 

YOUNG    WOIVIEN 

Auburndale,  Mass. 

"  In  your  walking  and  sitting  so  much  more 
erect;  "in  your  general  health;  in  your  conver- 
sation ;  in  your  way  of  meeting  people,  and  in 
innumerable  ways,  I  could  see  the  benefit  you 
are  receiving  from  your  training  and  associa- 
tions at  Lasell.  All  this  you  must  know  is  very 
gratifying  to  me." 

So  a"  lather  wrote  to  his  daughter  after  her 
Christmas  vacation  at  home,  li  is  unsolicited 
testimony  as  to  Lasell's  success  in  some  im- 
portant lines. 

Those  who  think  the  time  of  their  daughters 
is  worth  more  than  money,  and  in  the  quality 
of  the  conditions  which  are  about  them  during 
school-life  desire  the  very  best  that  the  East 
can  offer,  will  do  well  to  send  for  the  illus- 
trated catalogue. 
C.  C.  BKAGDON,  Principal 

A  Modern  Art  School 


Directed  by 

PROF.  W 


At  the 

University  of  Southern  California 


L.  JUDSON 


Offices,  415  Blanrh'ird  Art  Building 
Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


WHAT  A  FATHER  THINKS .... 


An  unsolicited  opinion 
from  the  father  of  one  of 
our  boys  : 

*  *  *  "Our  best  thanks  are 
due  you  for  your  unfailing  kind- 
ness shown  our  son  during  his 
residence  at  the  Academy,  and 
while  he  seems  to  have  done 
very  well  with  his  studies,  what 
is  of  far  more  consequence  is 
the  influence  which  makes  for 
manliness  and  character  build- 
tng^  already  apparent  in  this 
child  after  a  single  term." 

Fifth  Annual  Catalogue  ot 

Los  Angeles 
Academy 

Mailed  to  any  address  upon  ap- 
plication to  W.  R.  WHEAT,  Bus- 
iness Manager. 

Fall  term  commences  Septem- 
ber 26,  1899. 

SANFOROA.HOOPER,A.  M., 

Head  Master 

GRENVILLEC.  EMERY.  A.  M., 
EDWARD  L.  HARDY,  B.  L., 

Associate  Masters 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Land  of  Sunshine." 

ST.    MATHEWS    MILITARY    SCHOOL 


San  Mateo,  Cal 


34TH 


Rev.  W.  A.  BREWER,  A.B.,  Rector  and  Head  Master 


/^IVES  sufficient  military  training  to  secure  proper  form  and  discipline,  with  the 
^^  home  comforts  and  individual  attention  which  enable  a  boy  to  enjoy  the  'life 
and  to  do  his  best.  Perfect  climate,  80  acres  in  the  school  grounds.  Our  graduates 
are  recognized  by  leading  colleges.     Catalogue  on  application . 


)  2ia    iA^EST    THIRD    STREET 

Is  the  oldest  established,  has  the  largest  attendance,  and  is  the  best  equipped 
business  college  on  the  Pacific  Coast.     Catalogue  and  circulars  free. 


STUDY   LAW  AT  HOME 


Instruction  by  mall ,  adapted  to 
every  one.    Methods  approved 
by  leading  educators.    Experi- 
enced and  competent  instruc- 
tors.    Takes  spare  time  only. 
Three    courses,    preparatory 
business,  college.  An  oppor- 
tunity to  better  your  condi- 
tion and  prospects.  Students 
and  graduates  everywhere. 
Might  years  of  success.  Full 
particulars  free. 
Sprague  Correspondence  School 
of  Law,  85,   Tel.  Bldg.,  Detroit. 


Send  $1  for  one  year's  sub- 
scription to 
'THE  book-keeper" 

After  receiving  one  copy,  if  not: 
satisfied,  keep  it.  wiite  us  and  we 
will  send  you  $1.10  Any  way  you 
figure  it  >ou  are  ahead.  A  hand- 
some monthly  magazine  for  boik- 
keepers,  cashiers,  and  business 
men.  It  will  teach  you  book-keep- 
ing, shorthand,  penmanship,  law. 
short  cuts,  corporation  accountinst, 
banking,  business  pointers,  amus- 
ing arithmetic,  lightning  calcula- 
tions, etc.  The  Book  Keeper  Co..  Ltd.,  106  Buhl  Block..  Detroit, 
Mich.     We  guarantee  this  offer— Publisher 


DIFFERENT  IN   EVERY   FEATURE. 

The  Brow^nsberger  Home  School  of 
Shorthand  and  TypeAvriting. 

903  South  Broadvray,  t,os  Angeles,  Cal. 


.'I  P : 


Large  lawn  and  porches  where  pupils  study  and  dictat"*.  In- 
dividual instruction  only.  Half-day  attendance  all  that  is 
necessary.  Only  teachers  of  long  experience  do  any  teaching. 
This  is  the  only  Shorthand  School  on  the  coast  that  has  a  busi- 
ness office  training  department.  A  new  machine  furnished 
each  pupil  at  his  home  without  extra  charge.  Send  for  catalogue. 

Cor.  Broadway  and  Ninth  St.    Tel.  White  4871 


Itummel  Bros.  &  Co.,  Largest  Employment  Agency.    300  W.  Second  St.     Tel.  Main  509 


...FOR... 

Whooping  Cough, 
Croup,  Asthma, 
Colds,  Bronchitis. 

For  twenty  ono  vfars  tho 
most  successful  UtRMICIBE 
in  contapou'i  disease 

Send  fi>r  descriptive  book- 
let, contauung  physicians' tes- 
timonials and  price  list. 

Sold  by  Druggigts 
Generali'j. 

UapO'CKsolette  Co.^ 

C9  Wall  St.,  New  York, 
SCHIEFFELIN&CO., 

^'  V    T-  s.  Agts. 

<^A  ;  ■  --- 


m 

,  ^  i 

! 
1 

m 

4 

prr 

? 

BEUCUS 
ACETYLENE 
GAS 
GENERATORS 

are  in  hundreds  of  resi- 
dences, business  places, 
churches,  halls,  etc  Ac- 
cepted by  the  Board  of 
Fire  Underwriters.  We 
are  offering 

Special    Inducements 
to  Agents 

and  ns«rs  who  first  intro- 
duce the  Bkucus  in  their 
locality.  For  particulars 
address  H.  &  B  ,  746  S. 
Main  St.,  Los  Angeles. 


JOURNALISM 

NSTRUCTION  BY  MAIL  ONLY. 

A  THOROUGH  and  SCIENTIFIC  course 
adapted  to  the  individual  needs  of  writers. 
Long  established.  Responsible.  Successful. 
Instructors  experienced  and  competent.  Stu- 
dents successful  and  pleased.  Rest  of  refer- 
ences. Write  for  descriptive  catalogue.  It  is 
>i<"nt  free.    Address, 

SPRAGUE   CORRESPONDENCE  SCHOOL  OF  JOUR- 
NALI-^M.  No  loiTelepiioiie  Rklir..  Detroit.  Midi. 


Buy  Direct  from  the  Producers 

California  Ostrich  Feathers 

FOR    65C. 

We  will  send  prepaid  a  handsome  demi-plume ; 
for  $1.45,  a  bunch  of  3  tips ;  for  $2.85,  an  18-inch 
plume.  Not  woolly  feathers,  but  fine  black  lustre. 
Being  fresh  from  the  birds  will  stay  in  curl  and 
wear  for  years.  Our  handsome  illustrated  cata- 
logue mailed  Frke  with  each  order,  or  for  a  2c. 
stamp. 

OSTRICH    FARM 

SOUTH    PASADENA,    GAL. 

Independent  of  the  Feather  Trust, 


226  S.  Spring  St.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Oldest,  laigest  and  best.    Send  for  catalogue. 
N   G.  Felker,  President. 
John  W.  Hood,  John  W.  Lackey, 

Vice-President.  secretary. 

Telephone  Green  IS^S. 


STAMMER 

Write  at  once  for  our  new  200  page 
book,  The  Origin  and  Treatment  of  Stam- 
niering.  The  largest  and  mos»  instructive 
book  of  Its  kind  ever  published.  Sent 
Ireeto  any  address  for  6  cents  in  stamps 
to  cover  postage.  Ask  also  for  a  free 
sample  copy  of  The  Phono-Meter,  a 
monthly  paper  exclusively  for  persons 
who  stammer.    Address 

The  Lewis  School  for  Stammerers 


Geo.     Andrew  Lenis. 


RELIABLE  GOODS. 


POPULAR    PRICES. 


aiiijiiEiiiiiir 


PROMPT   ATTENTION  GIVEN   TO 
MAIL  ORDERS. 


N.  B.  BLACKSTONE  CO. 

DRY     GOODS 

Staple  and  Fancy- 
Silks,  Dress  Goods, 

Tailor  Made  Suits, 

Jackets,  Capes  and  Skirts. 

Large  and  carefully  selected  assortments.    Latest  fall  and  win- 
ter styles  from  every  fashion  center,  at  popular  prices. 

Spring  and  Third  Streets, 
los  angeles,  cal. 


The     Land     of    Sunshine 


PUBWSHED   MONTHLY   BY 

The  Land  of  Sunshine  Publishing  Co. 

(incorporated) 

Rooms  5,  7,  9,  \2\)4  South  Broadway,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  U.  S.  A. 


SUBSCRIPTION  RATES 
$1   a    year   in    the    United  States,  Canada  and 

Mexico 
|1.50  a  y«ar  to  other   countries   in   the   Postal 

Union. 

Entered  at  the  Los  Angeles  Postofl5ce  as  second- 
class  matter. 

BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS 
W.  C.  Patterson       .       .       .       .       President 
Chas.  F.  Lummis,  Vice-Prest  and  M'ng.  Editor 

F.  A.  Pattee Secretary 

H.J.Fleishman Treasurer 

Chas.  Cassat  Davis  .  .  .  .  Attorney 
E.  Pryce  Mitchell  -  -  -  .  Auditor 
Cyrus  M.  Davis. 


OTHER  LOCAL  STOCKHOLDERS 
Chas.  Forman,  D.  Freeman,  F.  W.  Braun,  Jno. 
F.  Francis,  E.  W.  Jones,  Geo.  H.  Bonebrake, 
F.  K.  Rule,  Andrew  Mullen,  I.  B.  Newton,  S.  H. 
Mott,  Alfred  P.  Griffith,  E.  E.  Bostwick,  H.  E. 
Brook.  Kingsley-Barnes  &  Neuner  Co.,  L.  Rep- 
logle,  J.  C.  Perry.  F.  A.  Schnell,  G.  H.  Paine, 
Louisa  C.  Bacon.     (See  table  of  contents  page.) 

Address  all  MSS.  to  the  editor  ;  all  remittances 
and  business  to  the  company  at  above  address. 

WARNING 
The  Land  of  Sunshinr  Publishing  Co.  has 
nothing  to  do  with  a  concern  which  has  imitated 
its  name  as  nearly  as  it  dared.  This  magazine 
is  not  peddling  town  lots  in  the  desert  It  is  a 
magazine,  not  a  lottery.  Chas.  F.  Lummis. 


"Replete  with  information  and  enter- 
tainment. .  .  The  pictures  .  .  will  inter- 
est anyone.  Those  who  go  deeper  will 
be  most  struck  by  the   bold  and   inde- 


pendent tone  of  the  editorial  writing, 
especially  on  public  topics.  This  is  not 
a  common  characteristic  of  the  press  on 
the  Pacific  Coast  or  elsewhere  ;  but  cour- 
age has  a  permanent  berth  in  the  office 
of  the  lyAND  OF  Sunshine.  ' ' —  TAe  Nation, 
New  York. 

* '  We  have  often  had  occasion  to  speak 
a  good  word  for  this  brave  little  magazine, 
and  to  wish  it  success.  The  contents  in- 
clude much  matter  of  permanent  value, 
besides  those  sections  in  which  the  editor 
keeps  up  a  running  fire  of  comment  on 
the  literary  and  political  happenings  of 
the  day.  .  .  Mr.  Lummis  has  spoken 
many  sober  and  fearless  words,  for  which 
patriotic  Americans  cannot  thank  him 
too  warmly." — The  Dial,  Chicago. 

**A  wealth  of  good  reading  and  of 
much-needed  information  about  a  most 
interesting  section  of  our  country  and 
its  inhabitants.  The  illustrations  are 
always  attractive." — The  Critic,  N.  Y. 

**  Unique  in  periodical  literature." — 
San  Francisco  Chronicle. 

'*  In  every  way  a  credit  to  California." 
— San  Francisco  Call. 

"  If  Californians  know  the  value  of 
advertising,  they  will  patronize  this  pub- 
lication unstintedly." — Milwaukee  Even- 
ing Wisconsin. 

"A  perfect  reflection  of  the  land  in 
which  we  live." — Los  Angeles  Times. 


A  Unique  Library. 


The  bound  volumes  of  the  Land  of  Sunshine  make  the  most  interesting  and 
valuable  library  of  the  far  West  ever  printed.  The  illustrations  are  lavish  and  hand- 
some, the  text  is  of  a  high  literary  standard,  and  of  recognized  authority  in  its  field. 
There  is  nothing  else  like  this  magazine.  Among  the  thousands  of  publications  in 
the  United  States,  it  is  wholly  unique.  Every  educated  Californian  and  Westerner 
should  have  these  charming  volumes.  They  will  not  long  be  secured  at  the  present 
rates,  for  back  numbers  are  growing  more  and  more  scarce ;  in  fact  the  June  num- 
ber, 1894,  is  already  out  of  the  market. 

Vols.  1  and  2— July  '94  to  May  '95,  inc.,  gen.  half  morocco,  $3.90,  plain  leather,  $3.30 
"     3  and  4— June '95  to  May '96,     "         "       "  "  2.85,     "  **  2.25 

"     5  and  6— June '96  to  May '97,     **         "       "  "  3.60,     "  "  3.00 

••     7  and  8— June '97  to  May '98,     "         "       "  **  2.85,     "  "  2.25 

•'     9  and  10— June '98,  to  May '99  •*         '*       "  "  2.70,     "  "  2.10 

The  Land  of  Sunshine  Publishing  Co., 

121>^  South  Broadway,  Los  Angelet,  Cal. 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  *•  saw  it  in  tne  i^and  of  Scnshiite." 


OLDEST  AND   LARGEST  BANK   IN   SOUTHERN 
CALIFORNIA. 

Farmers  and  IVIerciiants  Bank 

OF  LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 

Capital  (  paid  up  )      .     .     $5cx),ooo.cxj 

Surplus  and  Reserve     .      925.000.00 

Total    ....    $1,425,000.00 

OFFICERS 

I.  W.  Hellman,  Prest.      H.  W.  Hellman,  V  -Prest. 

Henry  J.  Fleishman,  Cashier 

GUSTAV  Heimann,  Assistant  Cashier 

DIRECTORS 

W.    H.   Perry,  C.   E.  Thorn,  J.  F.   Francis. 

O.  W.  Childs,    I.  W.  Hellman,  Jr.,   I.  N.  Van  Nuys, 

A.  Glassell,      H.  W.  Hellman,     I.  W.  Hellman. 

Special  Collection  Department.    Correspondence 
Invited.     Safety  Deposit  Boxes  torrent. 


W.  C.  Patterson,  Prest      W  Gillelen,  V.-Prest. 

W.  D    WoOLWINP,  Cashier 

E.  W.  COE,  Assistant  Cashier 


I  Cor,  First  and  Spring  Streets 

Capital $500,000.00 

Surplus  and  Undioided  Profits 60,000.00 

This  bank  has  the  best  location  of  any  bank  in 
Los  Angeles.  It  has  the  largest  capital  of  any 
National  Bank  in  Southern  California,  and  is  the  only 
United  States  Depositary  in  Southern  California. 


»•••••••••••••• < 


II  American 
II  Beet  Sugar  Co. 


:: 


FACTO RIBS  AT 

Oxnard  and  Ghino,  California 


GUARANTEED 


To  be  the  Finest  Sugars 
And  will   Preserve  Fruits 


:: 


First  National  Bank 

OF  LOS  ANGEI.es. 

Largest  National  Bsunk  in  Soutliern 
California. 


Capital  Stock $400,000 

Surplus  and  Undivided  Profits  over 260,000 

J.  M.  Elliott,  Prest.  W.  G.  Kerckhoff,  V.-Prest. 

Frank  A.  Gibson,  Cashier 

W.  T.  S.  Hammond,  Assistant  Cashier 

DIRECTORS 

J.  D.  Bicknell,      H.  Jevne,  W.  G.  Kerdhoff, 

J.  M.  Elliott,         F.  Q.  Story,        J.  D.  Hooker, 

J.  C.  Drake. 
All   Departments  of  a    Modern    Banking    Business 
Conducted 


^ 


*s[x*  "nJ^  *si^  '\i^  'nL^  «s1^  *sL^  'nL-^  'nU'  'nI^  'sU*  jn,  y 


SeGniitg  Savings  M 

CORNER  MAIN  AND  SECOND  STS. 


Officers  and  Directors 

H.  W.  Hellman,  J.  A.  Graves,  M.  L.  Fleming, 
F.  O.  Johnson,  H.  J.  Fleishman,  J.  H.  Shank- 
land,  W.  L.  Graves. 

J.  F.  Sartori,  President 

Maurice  S.  Hellman,  Vice-President 
W.  D.  LONGYEAR,  Cashier 


Interest  Paid  on  Ordinary  and  Term  Deposits 

;     Z^     ^     ^Z     ^1^     Z^     .y^     V^     Z^     .'T^     "^     '^ 


4: 


FOR  MEATS,  FISH,  GRAVIES, 

SOUPS,  <fcC.,  THIS  SAUCE 

HAS  NO  EQUAL 

Manufactured  and  Bottled  only  by 

GEORGE  WILLIAMS  CO., 

LOS    ANGELES^    CAL. 

If  this   sauce  is  not  satisfactory,  retam  it  to  your 
grocer  and  he  will  refund  your  money. 

GioHBK  Williams  Co. 


.*s-ir,sr:^:sr-z.-^  -j^-z-'s  -z* 


i 


A  Different  California 

Some  of  your  ideas  of  California  may  be  wrong.  Espedally  you  may  not  know  that  in  Fresno 
and  Ktngs  Counties  may  be  found  some  of  the  best  land  in  the  State  on  Laguna  de  Tache  grant 
lately  put  on  the  market  in  len-acre  tracts,  or  larger,  at  $35.00  per  acre,  including  perpetual  water 
right,  at  62J^  cents  per  acre  annual  rental,  the  cheapest  water  in  California.  Send  your  name 
and  address  and  receive  the  local  newspaper  free  for  two  months,  that  will  give  you  reliable  informa- 

"°°'  c.  A.  HUBERT.  A^ent,  Address  I    NABES  &  SAUJSTDERS, 

^07  w.  Third  St.,  1840  Mariposa  Street,  Fresno,  Cal. 

Log  Angeles.  * 


tlummel  Bros.  &  Co.  furnish  best  help.    300  W.  Second  St.  .  Tei.  Main  509 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  I,and  of  Sunshine.' 


H.JEVNE 


WHOLESALE 


AND    RETAIL    GROCER 


ADVANTAGES  °/  LARGE  STORE 

Large  purchasing  ability,  and  consequently  low  prices  to  customers. 
Anything  in  edibles,  beverages  or  smokes,  and  the  best  and  the  freshest. 

No  Freig-ht  Cbarges  on  orders  within  a  radius  of  seventy-five  miles. 

Send  for  Catalogue. 

YOU    ARE    ALWAYS    SAFE    AT   JEVNE'S 


208-210 

Telephone  Main  99 


SOUTH    SPRING 


a/ 

Hi 


STREET 

liOS  ANGBIiBS 


^ifi^ifi,ja^ia^ia^ia^^s^ifi^ia^^3a^ysm:ifi^^^i^^ 


THE  COST... 


Knowing  how  is  the  main  item  of  cost  —  in  everything 
worth  doing.  The  minister,  lawyer,  physician,  dentist 
and  in  fact  the  price  of  any  service  is  measured  by  the 
"know  how."  Then  if  you  want  the  best,  employ  one 
who  not  only  possesses  the  "know  how,"  but  the  tools 
to  do  with.  I  have  the  skill  and  experience,  aided  by 
the  very  best  time  and  pain-saving  appliances  used  in 
modem  dentistry.    Come  and  see. 


'\ 


Spinks  Block,  cor.  Fifth  and  Hill  Sts.    Tel.  Red  3261 


'i  ^^%r  ^:«&  &^€:  ^^^  ri€i&  ir^^  &€r€:  ^^%r  &&&  ^^(i  ^^^  ^^%r  ^Ir &  «^  &  &&& &&& ^^^^ 

Our  laundry  is  thoroughly  'i^ 
up-to-date.  We  have  in-  * 
vested  thousands  of  dollars  If 
in  modern  machinery  in 
order  to  be  able  to  give 
first-class  service,  and  we 


section  —  such  as  no  saw 
edge  on  collars  and  cuffs. 
In  our  place  family  wash- 
ings can  be  done  sepa- 
rately. We  give  the  most 
artistic  and  least  destruc- 
tive polish  to  linen. 

The   safest  and  best  is 
always  the  cheapest. 


J  49  South  Main  Street 


give  it.  Our  place  affords  >^ 
some  advantages  enjoyed  J* 
by  no  other  laundry  in  this  ^ 

in 

Of 

Hit 
Of 

Telephone  Main  635  ^  LOS   ANGELES.   CAL.   £ 


When  answering  advertisementa,  please  mention  that  yon  "  saw  it  in  the  lyAND  of  Sunshinb." 

USE   LEMON   INSTEAD    OF   SOAP 


California  Cream  of  Lemon 

Will  Make  You  Beautiful 

A  face  cream  that  is  absolutely  harmless.     Contains  nothing  but  lemon 

reduced  to  a  cream  by  a  patented  process. 
IVIodjeska  says  :  "  I  can  recommend  it  to  everybody." 
For  cleansing  the  skin  it  is  far  superior  to  any  toilet  soap. 
It  cures  chapping,  sunburn,  tan,  eczema  and  many  cases  of  freckles. 
3  oz.  tube  15c.,  6  oz.  tube  25c.     Sent  post  paid  upon  receipt  of  price. 

A§fents  Wanted — California  Cream  of  Lemon  Co*^  Los  An§:eles 


EYES 

TESTED 

FREE 


Acme  Optical  Co. 

Oculists'  Prescriptions  Filled. 

A.  E.  MORRO,  Optician, 
342    SOUTH    SPRING    ST. 

Open  Evenings.  Telephone  Brown  1398 

1^  A  If  O  to  write  f or  our  256-  pag  e  f r  e  e  b  ook . 
|#  A  Y  ^  '^^^^^  ^^^  rix^n  with  small  capital 
I    ^\  I  O    ^^^  make  money  with  a  Magic 

lianteru  or  Stereopticon. 
McAllister,  Mfg.  Opttclan,  49  Nassau  St.,  N.  Y. 


A.  0.  GARDNER  '^^'^^V 

118  TTlnston  St.     Tel.  BroAvn  1335 


We  Sell,  Rent,  Repair  and 
Tune  Pianos. 


Most  expert  repairer  of  stringed  instrume 
in  the  city. 

Music  furnished  for  entertainments. 


For  =  =  = 


A  home«like  place 
A  central  street 
A  pleasant  room 
Good  things  to  eat 
Our  Hotel  Rates  cannot 


Horton  Hous( 

San  Diego 
Cal. — ^ 


W.  E.  HADLEY 

Proprie 


Concert  Pbonograpb 

Mr.  Edison  has  perfected  the  Phonograph. 
This  is  the  instrument. 


It  perfectly  reproduces  the  human  v( 
—JUST  AS  I^GUD— just  as  clear— just 
sweet. 

It  duplicates  instrumental  music  w 
pure-toned  brilliance  and  satisfying 
tensity.  Used  with  Edison  Concert 
cords,  its  reproduction  is  free  from 
mechanical  noises.  Only  the  music  or 
voice  is  heard.  It  is  strong  and  vibr 
enough  to  fill  the  largest  auditorium, 
is  smooth  and  broad  enough  for  the  par 

The  highest  type  of  talking  mach 
ever  before  produced  "bears  no  compari 
with  the  Edison  Concert  Phonogra 
The  price  is  $135.  Full  particulars  ( 
be  obtained  from  all  dealers  in  Phc 
graphs,  or  by  addressing  The  Natios 
Phonograph  Co.,  New  York,  asking 
Concert  Catalogue  No.  109, 

Six  other  styles  of  Phonographs, 
eluding  the  £dison  Gem,  price  $7.{ 

PETER  BACIGAI^UPI,  933  Market  ! 
San  Francisco,  Cal.,*  Pacific  Co 
Agency  for  National  Phonograph  C 
New  York. 

NONE   GENUINE    WITHOUT    TH48 


V^afUm 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  In  the  I^and  of  Sunshutb." 


n'^eSPACING  ^>/ t"MECHANISM 

of  the  NEW  MODELS  6,  7  and  8  of  the 

Remington  Typewriter 

Its  Great  Speed  —  faster  than  the 
swiftest  operator,  and  Certain  Action 
—  it  does  not  double  up  nor  skip, 
make  possible  the  Light  Touch  and 
Easy  Work  for  which  the  Remington 
is  so  famous.      

WYCKOFF,   SEAMANS    &    BENEDICT 

211    MONTGOMERY   ST.,  SAN   FRANCISCO 
147  SOUTH  BROADWAY,  LOS  ANGELES 


AT  FIRST  HANDS 

r^Y  Our  Gold  Medal  Wines  commend  themselves  to  those  who 

"^^  require  and  appreciate  Pure,  Old  Vintages.     We  are  producers 

p^  in  every  sense  of  the  word,  owning  large  Vineyards,  Wineries 

-A  o  and   Distilleries,    located   in   the   San   Gabriel   Valley.       For 

^  strength-giving  qualities  our  wines  have  no  equal.     We  SELL  o 

A**  NO  Wines  under  Five  Years  Old. 


Ao  SPECIAL.  OFFER  :     We  will  deliver  to  any  R.R.  station  in  the 

;:^  United  States,  freight  free  : 

A°  2  cases  Fine  Assorted  California  Wines,  XXX,  for  |9.00 

^  Including  one  bottle  1888  Brandy. 

A°  2  cases  Assorted  California  Wines,  XXXX,  for  $11.00 

^  Including  2  bottles  1888  Brandy  and  1  bottle  Champagne. 

^°  SOUTHERN  CALIFORNIA  WINE  COMPANY 

A°  Tel.  M.  332  220  W.  FOURTH  ST.       Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Wben  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Land  of  Sunsbide. 


HIGH  GRADE  CLOTHING 

FOR  MEN  AND  BOYS 

The  large  mail  order  business  we  do  comes 
from  the  careful  attention  we  give  those  who 
entrust  their  orders  to  us.  We  carry  complete 
lines  of  suits  and  overcoats  from 

ROGERS,  PEET  &  CO*,  NEW  YORK, 
Hart,   Shaffner  &   Marx  and  Stein-Bloch  Co. 
Thus  we  are  able  to  suit  every  taste.     Instruc- 
tions for  self-measurement   and  samples    of 
goods  sent  on  application. 

Men's  Suits  from  $10.00  to  $35.00 

Men's  Overcoats,  $10.00  to  $25.00 

MULLEN,  BLUETT  &  CO., 

N*  W*  Cor.  First  and  Spring  Sts.,  Los  Angeles,  C 


Kingsley-Barnes 


&  NEUNER  C( 


LIMITED 


Printing 
binding 
Engraving 


123  South  Broadway^  Los  Angeles,  C 


Telephone  A.1  7 


Main 


^Printers  and  binders  to 

,  the  Land  of  Sunshine 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Land  of  Sun«hinb.' 


MRS.  J.  S.  WEED. 


HER    HAIR    RETURNS 


Remarkable   Action    of  a   New 

and   Wonderful    Cure 

for  Baldness. 


Lady   Prominent  in   G.    A.    R.    Circles 

Regains   Her  Hair  Although 

Past  Fifty. 

Mrs.  J.  S.  Weed,  Treasurer  of  Swartz  Corps, 
No.  91,  W.R.C.,  with  headquarters  at  New  Albany, 
Bradford  Co.,  Pa.,  owes  a  luxuriant  growth  of 
hair  lo  a  new  and  valuable  remedy  discovered  by 
a  Cincinnati  Dispensary.  In  response  to  their 
offer  to  send  free  trials  of  their  preparations, 
Mrs.  Weed  used  the  remedies,  and  although  she 
was  past  fifty  years  of  age,  at  a  time  of  life  when 
people  imagine  their  baldness  is  hopeless,  her 
hair  grew  out  with  astonishing  luxuriance,  much 
to  her  surprise  and  delight.  Mrs.  Weed  kindly 
consented  to  permit  her  photographs  to  be 
sketched,  one  taken  some  time  ago  when  she 
was  prematurely  bald,  and  a  later  one  taken 
recently  showing  the  beautiful  effects  of  this 
remarkable  hair  grower. 


The  remedy  is  not  a  new  experiment  and  no 
one  need  fear  that  it  is  harmful.  It  cured  John 
Bruner,  Postmaster  of  Millville,  Henry  Co.,  Ind., 
and  he  strongly  urges  everyone  to  try  it.  A 
Methodist  preacher,  Victor  A.  Faigaux  of  Tracy 
City,  Tenn.,  was  perfectly  bald  on  his  forehead  for 
many  years,  but  has  now  a  fine  growth.  Mrs.  C. 
W.  Castleman,  843  Main  St.,  Riverside,  Cal ,  re- 
ports her  husband's  shiny  head  now  covered  with 
soft,  fine  hair,  and  she,  too,  has  derived  wonder- 
ful benefit.  Among  others  who  have  used  the 
remedy  is  the  wife  of  Geo.  Diefenbach,  General 
Agent  of  the  Big  Four  R.  R.  of  Dayton,  Ohio,  who 
was  entirely  cured  of  baldness. 

The  President  of  Fairmount  College,  Sulphur, 
Ky.,  Prof.  B.  F.  Turner,  was  bald  for  thirty  years 
and  now  has  a  splendid  growth  of  hair  from 
having  tried  th  s  remarkable  remedy. 

The  remedy  also  cures  itching  and  dandruff, 
sure  signs  of  approaching  baldness,  and  it  also 
restores  gray  hair  to  natural  color  and  produces 
thick  and  lustrous  eyebrows  and  eyelashes.  By 
sending  your  name  and  address  to  the  Altenheim 
Medical  Dispensary,  187  Butterfield  Building, 
Cincinnati,  Ohio,  they  will  mail  you  prepaid  a 
free  trial  of  their  remarkable  remedy. 


When  uiswering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Land  op  Sunshikb. 


FREE  ON  TRIAL 


Every  Sick  and  Despairing  Man 

or  "Woman  May  Try  at  Tlieir 

Own  Homes  "Wittiout  Cost 

Tlie  Marvelous  Kellogg 

Sanitas  Cabinet  Bath- 


No  Matter  What  the  Disease  or  How 

Often   You   Have  Failed  of  Relief, 

This    Wonderful    Cabinet    will 

Cure   You— Costs    Nothing. 

Make  a  Thorough  Test. 

Write  at  Once. 

To  thoroughly  demonstrate  the  fact  that  the 
Sanitas  Cabinet  Bath  will  overcome  bodily  dis- 
ease, cure  the  invalid,  promote  beauty,  preserve 
health,  prevent  disease  and  prolong  life,  the 
makers  will  send  it  to  every  home  on  free  trial. 


Write  to  the  Kellogg  Sanitas  Co  ,  253  E.  Main  St., 
Battle  Creek,  Mich.,  and  they  will  ship  the  cab- 
inet by  express,  giving  the  express  agent  of  your 
place  instructions  to  permit  you  to  take  the  cab- 
inet home,  try  it  for  several  days,  and  if  at  the  end 
of  that  time  you  are  not  perfectly  satis6ed  it  is  a 
remarkable  health  maker  and  affords  more  relief 
by  a  single  bath  than  can  be  derived  from  gallons 
of  medicine,  return  it  to  the  express  agent  and  he 
will  return  to  us  at  our  expense. 

Those  who  have  struggled  for  years  to  find  some 
remedy  that  will  release  them  from  the  pain  or 
torture  of  rheumatism,  liver,  kidney  or  bladder 
troubles,  sciatica,  neuralgia,  catarrh,  eczema, 
obesity,  night  sweats,  or  any  other  disease  are 
urged  to  write. 

The  entire  cabinet  is  sanitary,  safe  and  hand- 
some, but  it  is  unnecessary  to  explain  all  this,  as 
it  is  sent  to  you  absolutely  on  free  trial,  and  you 
can  then  see  that  the  Kellogg  Sanitas  Cabinet  Bath 
is  just  as  safe  as  it  is  certain  to  bring  you  perfect 
liealth  and  prolong  your  years.  Write  today  with- 
out fail  for  a  fine  booklet  on  health  and  hygiene, 
^^elect  the  style  you  prefer  and  cabinet  will  be 
shipped  at  once  for  your  free  use  and  trial. 


Drunkenness  Cured 


It 


is   no-w  "Within  tlie  Reach.  oJ 
Every  "Woman  to  Save 
the  Drunkard. 


A  TRIAL  PACKAGE  FREE 


The  Remedy  Can  be  Given  in  Tea,  Coffee 

or  Food,  thus  Absolutely  and  Secretly 

Curing  the  Patient  in   a  Short 

Time     Without     His 

Knowledge. 

This  cure  for  Drunkenness  has  shed  a  radianc< 
into  thousands  of  hitherto  desolate  firesides.  Ii 
does  its  work  so  silently  and  surely  that  whih 
the  devoted  wife,  siater  or  daughter  looks  on,  th< 


MRS.  JOHN  M.  HATTON. 

drunkard  is  reclaimed  even  against  his  will  an< 
without  his  knowledge  or  co-operation  The  dis 
coverer  of  this  grand  remedy,  Dr.  Haines,  wil 
send  a  sample  of  the  remedy  free  to  all  who  wil 
write  for  it.  Enough  of  the  remedy  is  mailec 
free  to  show  how  it  is  used  in  tea,  coffee  or  food 
and  that  it  will  cure  the  dreaded  habit  quietl; 
and  permanently.  Send  your  name  and  addres: 
to  Dr.  J.  W.  Haiues,  831  Glenn  Building,  Cincin 
nati,  O.,  and  he  will  mail  a  free  sample  of  thi 
remedy  to  you,  securely  sealed  in  a  plain  wrap 
per.  also  full  directions  how  to  use  it,  books  an< 
testimonials  from  hundreds  who  have  been  cured 
and  ever\  thing  needed  to  aid  you  in  saving  thos 
near  and  dear  to  you  from  -a  life  of  degradatioi 
and  ultimate  poverty  and  disgrace. 

Mrs.  John  M.  Hatton,  of  Lebanon,  Ohio,  who  i 
few  months  ago  cured  her  hu.sband  with  Goldei 
Specific,  who  had  been  a  hard  drinker  for  years 
now  writes  us  that  she  has  also  cured  a  near  an« 
dear  relative,  and  makes  a  most  earnest  appea 
to  all  ether  women  to  save  the  drunkard. 

Send  for  a  free  trial  today.  It  will  brighten  th 
rest  of  your  life. 


Hummel  Bros.  &  Co.,  Employment  Agents,  300  W.  Second  St    Tel.  Main  509 


When  ansvrenng  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "saw  it  in  the  £.and  of  Sonshinb. 


riTTING  EXPRESSIONS 

It's  a  feat  to  fit  the  feet,  but  we  can  do  it.  Out 
customers  will  not  have  to  break  in  the  footwear 
we  sell  them. 

Well  made  Shoes,  fitting  perfectly,  will  be 
comfortable  from  the  first.  This  is  worth  some- 
thing, but  we  charge  only  for  the  value  of  the 
leather. 

SCHOOL  SHOES 

BLANEY'S 

352  South  Spring,  near  Cor.  Fourth  St. 


Artistic  Grille  Work 


Parquet  Floors,     Wood  Carpet 

A  permanent  covering  for  floors  instead  of 
the  health-destroying  woolen  carpets. 

Healthful,  Clean  and  no  Moths 

OAK  FLOORS  $1.25  per  square  yard  and  up. 

Try  our  "Nonpareil  Hard  Wax  Polish  " 

for  keeping  floors  in  good  condition. 
Designers  of 

FURNITURE  SPECIALTIES 

Tea  Tables,    Card  Tables,    Book  Cases,    Cedar 
Chests,  Etc. 

JNO.  A.  SMITH 

707  S.  Broadway,        Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
Tel.  Brown  706  Established  1891 


CUTS 


If  you  desire  good,  first-class  work  in  the  cut  line  for  your  ad- 
vertising purposes,  you  will  have  to  apply  where  they  are  made. 
Good  work  our  specialty.  L,os  Angeles  Photo.  Engraving 
Co.,  2nd  and  Main.    Telephone  Green  1545. 


>Ve  ask  not  one  cent 

of  your  Money.  This  Pic- 
ture Puzzle  represents  a  Ce- 

lesttal  engaged  at  wash- 
ing. About  him  are  pictured 
several  of  /us  customers 
Write  us  on  a  Post  Card  how  j 

«3>llnrea>3rraU"thS  FOR  EVERY  CORRECT  ANSWER. 

is  correct  we  will  award  a  full  size  Fountain  Pen  and  Filler. 


A  PRIZE 


IN  making  this  marvellous  offer  we  have  no  desire  to  pose  as  bene- 
factors.    It  is  a  business  transaction  to  introduce   CANDIED 
CRUSHED  CARNATIONS,  a  delicious  and  fragrant  breath 
perfume,  and  all  who  are  awarded  a  Fountain  Pen  we  re 
quire  to  distribute  for  us  among  friends  25  sample 
packages.      In  order  that  these  may  not  be  re 
ceived  by  unappreciative  people,  we  require 
you  to  collect  5  cents  for  each  sample  and 

as  this  is  to  advertise,  we  send  a  

PRIZE  TICKET  FREE  with  every  package,  which  entitles  _^^^£^^  free  and^^ 

each  purchaser  to  a  handsome  piece   of  jewelry,  which  _^0I^^^^^        'i  addition  to  P^Jv,- 
will  not  cost    less  than  the   Breath  Perfume.     After     .^S^^f^       the  Fountain  Pen  ^f\ 

rA(^^    you  in    the     /' 


distributing  the  25  packages  and  Prize  Tickets 
you  return  our  $1.25  ^bus 
fulfilling  your  agree 


awarded    yo" 


Solid  Gold 


first  place,  a 

Shell  Ring.beautifully  engraved, 

and  all  "ho   fnswer  this  within  three 

from  when  first  seen.we  w.ll  send  with 

also    free,    a    Simulate^     l^tamorx^. 

Ruby  and  Sapphire  Stick  Pin.     To  "^^y  ^Is 

unparalleled  offer  may  seem   impracticable.         .r^-" 

we  sav  it  is  certainlv   worth    investigating.      The  "sk  is 

nothing.    We  ask  none  of  vour  money.     We  are  Hberai 

enough  to  ofFer   inducements  to   stimulate   our    industries  never 

attempted  by  any  similar  firm,  and  we  simply  ask  you  to  write  us  on  a 

Postal  Card  the  number  of  faces  in  our  puzzle  and   your  address.      We 

award  vou  the  Fountain  Pen  and  send,  postpaid.  25  Sample  Packagesof 

Distribute  them  as  instructed,  and  we  will  give  vou  also  the  Solid  Gold  Shell  R'"?""Y 

Pin.    Nothingcould  be  more  fair.    Persons  alive  *o  their  own  interests  should  avail  themselves  of  th'S  greai 
offer  at  once  NATIONAL  SUPPLY  CO.,  46.  ^8  and  so  Wefcf  Larned  St..  PPTROIT,  HICH. 


Breath  Perfume 


LAND  OF  SUNSHINE 


COMMERCIAL  BLUE  BOOK 


LOS    ANGELES,   CALIFORNIA 


New  residents  in  a  city  or  persons  moving  from  one  section  to  another  are  usually  forced  to  learn 
by  experience  the  best  places  to  patronize.  Our  object  in  publishing  a  Commercial  Blue  Book  is  to 
point  out  to  our  readers  a  few  of  the  leading  stores,  hotels,  rooming  houses,  restaurants,  schools, 
sanitariums,  hospitals,  etc.;  also  professional  men,  and  the  most  satisfactory  places  in  which  to  deal. 
As  it  is  not  our  intention  to  publish  a  complete  business  directory,  some  firms  equally  as  good  as  those 
we  have  listed  may  have  been  omited  3fill.  we  believe  that  those  who  consult  this  guide  will  be  satis- 
fied with  the  list  submitted.  The  variety  and  class  of  goods  handled,  as  well  as  the  reputation  of  the 
merchant,  has  received  careful  attention  In  each  selection  made,  with  the  idea  of  saving  our  readers  as 
much  time,  trouble  and  expense  as  possible. 


ART,  MUSIC,  SCHOOLS  AND  COL- 
liEGKS. 

Artists. 
J.   Bond  Francisco,   416-417   Blanchard 
Hall,  235  S.  Broadway. 

Business  Colleges 
I^os  Angeles  Business  College,   212  W. 
Third  St.,  Currier  Bldg.      Tel.  Black 
2651. 
The  Brownsberger  Home  School  of  Short- 
hand and  Typewriting,  903  S.  Broad- 
way. 
Metropolitan  Business  University,  W.  C. 
Buckman,  Mgr.,  438-440  S.  Spring  st. 
Dancing  Academy. 
W.  T.  Woods,  740  S.  Figueroa  st.    Tel. 
Green  773. 

Dramatic  Training 
G.  A.  Dobinson.  Studio,  526  S.  Spring  st. 
(Training  of   the  speaking  voice  a 
specialty. ) 

Marbleized  Plaster  Medallions, 
Busts,  etc. 

Sarah  B.  Thatcher,  successor  to  Alfred 

T.  Nicoletti,  129  East  Seventh  st. 

Schools  and  Colleges. 

St.  Vincent's  College,  Grand  ave. 

Los  Angeles  Military  Academy,  west  of 
Westlake  Park.     P.  O.  Box  193,  City. 

Miss  French's  Classical  School  for  Girls, 
5 1 2  S.  Alvarado  st.    Tel.  Brown  1 652. 
Musical  Colleges 

Bernard  Berg  (pupil  of  Rubinstein), 
Colonial  Flat  16,  Broadway  and 
Eighth  St. 

Vocal  Instruction 

Charles  F.  Edson,  basso  cantante.  En- 
gagements accepted  for  concert, 
o'-ftorio  and  opera.  Studio,  61 1 
\fiimeT  St. 

/ 


Architects 

Arthur  Burnett  Benton,  1 14  N.  Spring  st. 

Tel.  Red  3521. 
R.   B.   Young,   427  S.    Broadway.     Tel. 

Main  151. 
John   P.   Krempel,    415-416  Henne  Blk. 

Tel.  Main  663. 

Architect  Supplies 

Sanborn,  Vail  &  Co.,  133  S.  Spring  st. 

Acetylene  Gas  Generators  and  Calcium 
Carbide 

Hedden  &  Black,  746  S.  Main  st. 

Assay ers.    Refiners   and   Bullion    Buyers 

Wm.  T.  Smith  &  Co.,   114  N.   Main  st. 
Tel.  Brown  1735. 

Anyvo — Theatrical  Cold  Cream  Make  Up. 
Bouge  Gras 

Viole  &  Lopizich,  427  N.  Main  st.,  dis- 
tributing agents.     Tel.  Main  875. 

Banks 

California  Bank,  S.  W.   cor.   Second  st. 

and  Broadway. 
German- American  Savings  Bank,  N.  E. 

cor.  First  and  Main  sts. 
Los    Angeles    Rational     Bank    (United 

States  Depositary),  N.E.  cor.  First 

and  Spring  sts. 
Security  Savings  Bank,   N.  E.  cor.  Sec- 
ond and  Main  sts. 
Southern  California  Savings  Bank,  150- 

152  N.  Spring  St. 
State  Bank  and  Trust  Company,  N.  W. 

cor.  Second  and  Spring  sts. 

Bakeries 

Ebinger's  Bakery,  cor.  Spring  and  Third 
sts.     Tel.  610. 


Land  of  Sunshine  Commercial  Blue  Bool^,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


The  Meek  Baking  Co.  Factory  and  of- 
fice Sixth  and  San  Pedro  sts.  Tel. 
main  322.  Principal  store  226  W. 
Fourth  St.     Tel.  main  1011. 

Ahrens'  Bakery,  425  S.   Broadway. 

Mrs.  Angel's  Bakery,  830  W.  Seventh  st. 

LosJ  Angeles  Bakery,  Jean  Dor^,  Prop. 
(French  Bread.)  846  Lyon  st.  cor. 
Macy. 

Karl  A.  Senz,  614  S.  Broadway.  Tel. 
Main  1411.     French  Pastry. 

Bamboo  Goods 

S.  Akita,  504  S.  Broadway 

Baths 

Hammam,  210  S.  Broadway.  Turkish 
and  all  other  baths  and  rubs,  25  cts. 
to$l. 

Beach  Pebbles,  Moonstones,  Agates,  Sea 

Shells,  etc.,  Dressed  and  Polished 

to  Order 

J.  A.  Mcintosh  &  Co.,  L.  A.  Steam  Shell 
Works,  1825  S.  Main  st. 

Bicycle  Dealers 

1,  A.  Cycle  and  Sporting  Goods  Co  ,  319 
S.  Main  st.     (Eldrige  Bicycles.) 

Central  Park  Cyclery,  G.  W.  Williams, 
prop.,  518  S.  Hill  st  Tel.  Green 
1211. 

Bicycle  Insurance. 

The  California  Bicyclists  Protective  As- 
sociation, Chas.  J.  George  &  Co., 
Mgrs.,  208  Laughlin  Bldg.  Tel. 
Main  990. 

Bicycle  Biding  Academy 

Central  Park  Cyclery,  W.  G.  Williams, 
prop.,  518  S.Hill  St.  Tel.  Green  1211. 

Books,  Stationery,  etc. 

Stoll  &  Thayer  Co.,  252-254  S.  Spring  st. 
B.  F.  Gardner,  305  S.  Spring  st. 

Botanic  Pharmacy 

Freeman-LiscombCc,  Botanic  Pharmacy, 
Main  and  Fifteenth  sts.   Tel.  West  68. 

Breeders  of  Thoroughbred   Belgians, 
Angoria  and  Russian  Babbits. 

The  Bonanza  Rabbitry,  Elmer  L.  Piatt, 
930  Grand  View  ave.    Circulars  free. 

Building  and  lioan  Associations 

The  State  Mutual  Building  and  Loan  As- 
sociation, 141  S.  Broadway. 
Carpet  Gleaning  Works 

Pioneer  Steam   Carpet  Cleaning  Works, 

Robt.  Jordan,  Mgr.,  641  S.  Broadway. 

Tel.  217  Main. 
Great   Western   Steam  Carpet  Cleaning 

Works,  H.  Himelreich,  Prop.     Cor. 

Ninth    and    Grand    ave.    (formerly 

Tenth  and  Grand  ave.)     Tel.  White 

5511. 
Carpenter  "Work,  Jobbing,  Mill  "Work 
Adams  Mfg.  Co.,  742  S.  Main  st.     Tel. 

Red  1048. 


Carriage  Works. 
J.  U.  Tabor  &  Co.   ( J.  U.  Tabor  and  G. 

N.  Rookhout),  cor.  Seventh  and  Los 

Angeles  sts.     Tel.  Main  127. 
Cooperative  Carriage  Works,  A.  Sperl, 

Mgr.,  337  E.  First  st. 

Clothing  and  Gent's  Furnishings 
London  Clothing  Co.,  117-125  N.  Spring 

St.,  s.  w.  cor.  Franklin. 
Mullen,  Bluett  &  Co.,  n.  w.  cor.  Spring 

and  First  sts. 

Confectionery,  Ice  Cream,  Sherbets,  etc 
Wholesale  and  Retail 

Merriam  &  Son,   127  S.  Spring  st.     Tel. 

Main  475. 
M.  Broszev  &  Co.,  727  W.  Sixth  st.    Tel. 

Red  2033. 
Coal  Oil,  Gasoline,  W^ood,  Coal,   etc. 

Morris-Jones  Oil  and  Fuel  Co.,  127  S. 
Broadway.     Tel.  Main  666. 

Collateral  lioans 

G.  M.  Jones,  254  S.  Broadway,  rooms  1 
and  2  (Private  office  for  ladies).  Tel. 
Main  739. 

Curio  Stores 
Wm.  F.  Winkler,  346  S.  Broadway. 

Delicacy  Store 
Ahrens'  Bakery,  425  S .  Broadway. 

Dentists 
Drs.  Adams  Bros.,  239>^  S.  Spring  st. 

Distilled  Water  and  Carbonated 
Beverages. 

The  Ice  and  Cold  Storage  Co.,  Seventh 
St.  and  Santa  F^  Ry .  tracks.    Tel.  228. 
Druggists 

Boswell  &  Noyes  Drug  Co.,  Prescription 
Druggists,  300  S.  Broadway.  Tel. 
Main  125. 

F.J.Giese,  l03N.Main  st.  Tel.Brown  310. 

Thomas  Drug  Co.,  cor.  Spring  and  Tem- 
ple sts.     Tel.  Main  62. 

H.  C.  Worland,  2133  E.  First  st.  Station  B. 

H.  B.  Fasig,  531  Downey  ave.,  cor.  Tru- 
man St.,  East  L.  A.     Tel.  Alta  201 . 

M.  W.  Brown,  1200  W.  Washington  st. 

Freeman -Liscomb  Co.,  cor.  Main  and  Fif- 
teenth sts.     Tel.  West  68. 

Catalina  Pharmacy,  M.  Home,  prop.,  1501 
W.  Seventh  st.     Tel.  Green  772. 

Edmistoa  &  Harrison,  Vermont  and  Jef- 
ferson sts.     Tel.  Blue  4701. 

E.  P.  Deville,  cor.  Sixth  and  Spring  sts. 
Tel.  Main  799. 

J.  V.  Akey,  Central  and  Vernon  aves. 
Tel.  West  32. 

Chicago  Pharmacy,  F.  J.  Kruell,  Ph.G., 
Prop.  Central  ave.  and  Twelfth  st. 
Tel.  West  132. 

W.  A.  Home,  s  w.  cor.  Adams  st.  and 
Central  ave.     Tel.  West  200 

A.  J.  Watters,  Cor  Fifth  and  Wall  sts. 

Hughes  bldg.     Tel.  Black  1094. 

Homeopathic  Pharmacist 

Boericke  &  Runyon  Co.,  320  S*  Broad- 
way.    Tel.  Main  504. 


Land  of  Sunshine  Commercial  Blue  Book,   Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Dry  Goods 

Boston  Dry  Goods  Store,  239  S.  Broadway. 
J.  M.  Hale  Co.,  107-9-10  N.  Spring  st. 

Dye  Works,  Cleanini; 

American  Dye  Works,  J.  A.  Berg,  prop. 

Office  210>^  S.  Spring  st.     Tel.  Main 

850.  Works  613-615  W.  Sixth  st.  Tel. 

Main  1016. 
English  Steam  Dye  Works,  T.  Caunce, 

proprietor,   829  S.   Spring  st.     Tel. 

Black  2731. 
Door  and    Window  Screens    and    House 
Kepairing; 

Adams  Mfg  Co.,  742  S.   Main  st.     Tel- 
Red  1048. 

JBlectricians 

Woodill  &  Hulse  Electric  Co.,    108  W. 

Third  St.     Tel.  Main  1125. 
Electric  Supply  and  Fixture  Co.,  541  S. 

Broadway.     Tel.  Main  831. 
Electrical  Commercial  Co.,  666  S.  Spring 

St.     Tel.  Main  1666. 

^Employment  Agents. 
Hummel  Bros.  &  Co.,  300  and  302  West 

Second  st.  cor.  Broadway,  basement 

California  Bank  Bldg.      Tel.   Main 

509. 
Miss  Day's  Female  Employment  Office, 

121  j^  South  Broadway,  rooms  1  and 

3.     Tel.  Main  1179. 
Veatber  Works,  Mattresses,  Pillows, Etc. 
Acme    Feather    Works,  Jas.   F.    Allen, 

Prop.,  513  S.  Spring  st.    Tel.  Black 

3151. 

Fish,  Oysters  and  Game. 

(Family  trade  solicited) 

Levy's,  1 1 1  W.  Third  st.     Tel.  Main  1284. 

Fruit  and  Vegetables 
Marston  &   Co.,   320  Temple  st.      Tel. 

Main  1622.     (Shipping  solicited.) 
Rivers  Bros.,  Broadway  and  Temple  st. 

Tel.  Main  1426.  (Shipping  solicited.) 
Ivudwig  &  Mathews,  129-133  S.  Main  st. 

Tel.  550.     ( Shipping  solicited.) 

Furnished  Rooms 

The  Seminole,  324  W.  Third  st.      Rate 

^*4  $3  per  week  and  up. 

The  Spencer,  31 6>^  W.  Third  st.      Rate 

$3  to  $5  per  week.     Tel.  Red  335 1 . 
The  Narragansett,  423  S.  Broadway.,  opp. 

Van  Nuys   Broadway.     Tel.    Brown 

1373.     Rate  50c  per  day  and  up. 
The  Kenwood,  131  >^  S.  Broadway.     Rate 

$3  to  $6  per  week.    Tel.  Brown  1360. 
Menlo  Hotel,  Fritz  Guenther,  prop.,  cor. 

Main  and  Winston  sts.,  opp.  post- 
office.     Tel.  Brown  1221. 
The  Rossmore,  Mrs.  M.  J.  Knox,  prop.. 

416  W.  Sixth  St.      Rate   $1.50  to  $5 

per  week. 
The  Hafen,  Mrs.  M.  J.  Knox,  prop.,  344 

S.  Hill  St.    Rate  |1 .50  to  $3  per  week. 

Furniture,  Carpets  and  Draperies 
Los' Angeles  Furniture  Co.,  225-229  S. 
^      Broidway.     Tel.  Main  13. 
Southern  California  Furniture  Co.,  312- 

31  i  S.  Broadway.     Tel.  Main  1215. 
I.  T.  Martin,  531-3-5  S.  Spring  st. 


Gas  Regulators. 
Los  Angeles  Gas  Saving  Association,  666 

S.  Spring  St.     Tel.  1666. 
Grilles,  Fretwork,  W^ood  Novelties,  Etc. 
Los  Angeles  Grille   Works,   610  South 
Broadway. 

Groceries 

Blue  Ribbon  Grocery,  B.  Wynns  &  Co., 

449  S.  Spring  st.     Tel.  Main  728. 
Despars  &  Son,  cor.  Main  and  Twenty- 
fifth  sts. 
H.  Jevne,  208-210  S.  Spring  st. 
C.  A.  Neil,  423  Downey  ave..  East  L.  A. 

Tel.  Alta  202. 
Marston   &  Co.,   320  Temple  st.      Tel. 

Main  1622. 
Geo.   Williamson,    1436-38  S.    Main  st. 

Tel.  White  2062. 
O.Willis,  690  Alvarado  st.   Tel.  Main  1382. 
J.  C.  Rockhill,   1573  W.   First  St.,   cor. 

Belmont  ave.      Tel.  Main  789. 
T.  L.  Coblentz,  825  S.    Grand  ave.     Tel. 

Red  3011. 
J.  Lawrence,  Cool  Block,  cor.  JeflFerson  st. 

and  Wesley  ave. 
Rivers  Bros.,  Broadway   and  Temple  st. 

Tel.  Main  1426. 
Smith  &  Anderson,  cor.  Pico  and  Olive 

sts.     Tel.  Blue  3966. 
J.  H.  Wyatt,  332  E.  Fifth  st.     Tel.  Brown 

973. 
The  99  Grocery,  T.  J.  Coy,  prop.,  4402 

Central  ave.     Tel.  West  32. 
Central  Avenue  Mercantile  Store,  Mrs. 

E.  Botello,  prop.,  1200  Central  ave. 

Tel.  Blue  2580. 
Power  House  Grocery,  J.   A.   Fazenda, 

prop.,  625  Central  ave.     Tel.  Green 

813. 

Haberdashers  and  Hatters. 
Bumiller  &  McKnight,  123  S.  Spring  st. 

Tel.  Main  547. 

Hair  Bazaar  and  Beauty  Parlors 
The  Imperial,   Frank  Neubauer,  prop., 

224-226    W.  Second  st.     Tel.   Black 

1381. 

Hardwood  and  Parquetry  Flooring  and 
Fnamel  Paints. 

Marshall  &  Jenkins,  430  S.    Broadway. 

Tel.  Green  1611. 

Hardware 
W.  A.  Russell,  204  S.  Broadway.     Tel. 

Main  47. 

Hay,  Grain,  Coal  and  Wood 
The  P.  J.  Brannen  Feed,  Fuel  &  Storage 

Co.,  806-810  S.  Main  St.      Tel.  Main 

419. 
William  Dibble,  cor.  Sixth  and  Los  An- 
geles sts.     Tel.  Green  1761. 
Grand  Avenue  Feed  &  Fuel  Co.,  A.  F. 

Cochems,    1514    Grand    ave.      Tel. 

West  227. 
A.   E.   Breuchaud,   841    S.   Figueroa  st. 

Tel.  Main  923. 
Enterprise  Fuel  and  Feed  Store,  Ax  & 

Peet,  1006  West  Ninth  St.     Tel.  West 

239. 


Land  of  Sunshine  Commercial  Blue  Book,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


The  M.  Black  Co.,  306-308  Central  ave. 
Tel  Brown  811. 

Homeopathic  Pharmacist 

Boericke  &  Runyon  Co.,  320  S.  Broadway. 
Tel.  Main  504. 

Hospitals 

The  California  Hospital,   1414  S.   Hope 

St.     Tel.  West  92. 
Dr.  Stewart's  Private  Hospital,  315  West 

Pico  St.     Tel.  West  14. 

Hotels 

Aldine  Hotel,  Hill  St.,  bet.  3rd  and  4th 

sts.     American  plan,  $1.50  per  day 

and  up.      European   plan,   $3  50  to 

$10.00  per  week. 
Hotel  Ivocke,  139  S.  Hill  St.,  entrance  on 

Second  st.     American   plan.     Rate 

$8.00  to  $12  per  week. 
Bellevue  Terrace  Hotel,  cor.  Sixth  and 

Figueroa  sts.  Rate,  $2  per  day  and  up. 
HoUenbeck  Hotel,  American  and  Europ- 
ean plan.  Second  and  Spring  sts. 
Hotel  Van  Nuys,   n.  w.    cor.    Main  and 

Fourth  sts.      American  plan,   $3  to 

$12  per  day;    European  plan,  $1   to 

$10  per  day. 
Hotel    Palms,    H.    C.    Fryman,     prop., 

Sixth  and  Broadway.    American  and 

European  plans. 
Westminster  Hotel,  n.  e.  cor.  Main  and 

Fourth  sts.     American  plan,  $3  per 

day  and  up  ;  European  plan,  $1  per 

day  and  up. 
Hotel   Gray  Gables,   cor.  Seventh    and 

Hill  sts.     Rates  $1  to  $2  per  day. 
Hotel  Lillie,  534  S.  Hill  st.     Rate  $8  to 

$15  per  week. 
The  Belmont,  425  Temple  st.     Rate  $6.50 

per  week  and  up. 
Hotel  Grey,  n.  e.  cor.  Main  and  Third 

sts.    European  plan.      Rate,  $3.00  to 

$12  per  week. 

Japanese  Fancy  Goods 

Quong  I^ee  Lung  &  Co.,  350  S.  Spring  st. 

Jewelers  and  Watchmakers 

S.  Conradi,  113  S.  Spring  st.     Tel.  Main 

1159. 
W.  T.  Harris,  cor.  First  and  Main  sts. 

Tel.  Red  2981. 

Liadies'   Tailor 
S.  Benioflf,  330  S.  Broadway. 
Laundries 

Crystal  Steam  Laundry,  W.J.Hill,  Mgr., 
416-420  E.  First  st.     Tel.  Red  1932. 

Empire  Steam  Laundry,  149  South  Main 
St.     Tel.  Main  635. 

liiquor    Merchants 
H.  J.  Woollacott,  124-126  N.  Spring  st. 
Southern  California  Wine  Co.,  220  W. 

Fourth  St. 
Edward   Germain  Wine  Co.,  397-399  S. 

Los  Angeles  st.    Tel.  Main  919. 


I.ivery  Stables  and  Tally-hos 

Tally-ho  Stable  &  Carriage  Co.,  W.  R. 
Murphy  (formerly-  at  109  N.  Broad- 
way), 712  S.  Broadway.  Tel.  Main 
51. 

Eagle  Stables,  Woodward  &  Cole,  122  S. 
Broadway.     Tel.  Main  248 

Eureka  Stables,  323  W.  Fifth  st.  Tel. 
Main  71. 

Meat  Markets 

Norma  Market,    M.   T.    Ryan,     1818   S. 

Main  St.     Tel.  West  171. 
Crystal  Market,  Reed  Bros.,  2309  S.  Union 

ave.     Tel.  Blue  3131. 
Model   Market,  R.    A.  Norries,   831    W. 

Sixth  St.  cor  Pearl.     Tel.  979  Main. 
Boston  Cash   Market,  Jos.  Oser,  1156  S. 

Olive  St.     Tel.  West  126. 
Grand    Avenue    Market,   J.    A.    Rydell, 

2218  S.  Grand  ave.     Tel.  White  321 1 . 
Pioneer   Meat   Market,  E.   Rudolph,  514 

Downey  ave  ,  East  LA.   Tel.Alta208. 
Chicago   Market,  J.    WoUenshlager,  410 

S.  Main  st      Tel.  Main  779. 
Park  Market,  Chas    Kestner,  329  West 

Fifth  St.     Tel.  Red  2671. 
Eureka  Market,  Jay  W.  Hyland,  cor.  7th 

st   and  Union  ave.      Tel.  Main  1467. 
Oregon  Market,  Geo.  N.   Briggs,  prop., 

525  W.  Sixth  st.     Tel.  Red  2032. 
Floral  Meat  Market,  Frinier  &  Watkins, 

4404  Central  ave.     Tel.  West  .12. 
Washington  Market,  J.  A.  McCoy,  Station 

"  D,"  1214  W.  Washington  st.      Tel. 

Blue  4961. 

Men's  Furnishing:  Goods,  Notions,  Fancy 
Goods,  etc. 

Cheapside  Bazaar,  F.  E.  Verge,  2440  S. 
Main  st. 

Merchant  Tailors 

O.  C.  Sens,219  W  Second  st,  opp.  Hoi- 

lenbeck  Hotel. 
Brauer  &  Krohn,  1 14>^  S.  Main  st.     TeL 

Green  1745. 
A.  J.  Partridge,    125   W.   First  st.     Tel. 

Green  13 
M.  C.  Meiklejohn,  203  S.  Main  st.  Branch 

E  St.,  San  Bernardino. 

Mexican  Hand- Carved  lieather  Goods 

H.  Ross  &  Sons,  352  S.  Broadway,  P.  O. 
box  902. 

Millinery 

Maison  Nouvelle,  Miss  A.  Clarke,  222  W. 
3rd  St.     Tel.  Main  1374. 

Mineral  Baths. 

Los  Angeles  Mineral  Baths  and  Springs, 
A.  Puissegur,  Prop.,  cor.  Macy  and 
Lyon  sts.,  and  851  Howard  st. 

Modiste 

Miss  H.  M.  Goodwin,  Muskegon  ock^ 
cor.  Broadway  and  Third  st. 


Land  of  bunshme  Commercial  t5iue  t5ook,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Monumental  Dealers 

Lane  Bros.,  631  S.  Spring  St.,  Los  Ange- 
les, and  41 1  McAlister  st.,  San  Fran- 
cisco. 

Nurserymen  and  Florigts 

Los  Angeles  Nursery.  Sales  depot  446 
S.  Main  st.  P.  O.  box  549.  (Special- 
ties, plant  and  cacti  souvenirs. ) 

Rlysian  Gardens  and  Nursery,  Ethel 
Lord,  prop.  City  depot  440  S.  Broad- 
way. Nursery  corner  PhiUeo  and 
Marathon  sts. 

Elmo  R.  Meserve.  Salesyard  635  S. 
Broadway.  Tel.  White  3226.  Nur- 
sery 2228  Sutter  st. 

Opticians 

Adolph  Frese,  126  S.  Spring  st. 

Boston  Optical  Co.,  Kyte  &  Granicher, 

235  S  Spring  st. 
Fred  Detmers,  354  S.  Broadway. 

Osteopathy- 
Pacific  School  of  Osteopathy  and  Infirm- 
ary, C.  A.  Bailey,  Pres.,  Tenth  and 
Flower  sts.    Tel.  West  55. 
Paints,  Oils  and  Glass 

Scriver  &  Quinn,    200-202  S.   Main  st. 

Tel.  565. 
P.  H.  Mathews,  238-240  S.  Main  st.    Tel. 

1025. 

Pawn  Brokers 

L.  B.  Cohn,  120-122  North  Spring  st. 
Pharmaceutical  Manufacturers. 

The  Salubrita  Pharmacal  Co.,  Mrs.  L.  W. 
Shellhamer,  lady  mgr  122  West 
Third  St.,  room  320.  (Fine  cosmetics 
a  specialty.) 

Photographers 

Townsend's,  340>^  S.  Broadway. 

Photographic  Material,  Kodaks,  etc. 
Dewey  Bros.,  326  South  Spring  st.      Tel. 
Black  3891. 

Pianos,  Sheet  Music  and  Musical 
Merchandise 

Southern  California  Music  Co.,  216-218 
W.  Third  st.     Tel.  585. 

Fitzgerald  Music  &  Piano  Co.,  113  S. 
Spring  St.     Tel.  Main  1 159. 

Williamson  Bros. ,  327  S  Spring  st.  Tel. 
1315  Brown. 

Geo.  T.  Exton,  327  S-  Spring  st.  Tel. 
1315  Brown.  (Agent  for  Regal  Man- 
dolins and  Guitars.) 

Picture  Frames,  Artists*  Materials,  Sou- 
venirs 

Sanborn,  Vail  &  Co.,  133  S.  Spring  st. 
Ita  Williams,  354  S.  Broadway  and   311 
S.  Main  st. 

Pleating— Accordion  and  Knife 
Tucking,  cording.  Pinking  and  Braiding 

Mrs.  T.  M.  Clark,  340^  S.  Hillst. 

Printing,  Sngraving,  Binding 
Kingsley-Barnes  &  Neuner  Co.,  123  S. 
Broadway.     Tel.  Main  417. 


Restaurants 

Ebinger's  Dining  Parlors,  cor.  Spring 
and  Third  sts.     Tel.  610. 

Saddlerock  Fish  and  Oyster  Parlors,  236 
S.  Spring  st.  (Private  dining  par- 
lors.) 

Maison  Doree  (French  Restaurant),  145- 
147  N.  Main  st.     Tel.  Main  1573. 

Seymour  Dining  Parlors,  318  West  Sec- 
ond St. 

The  Rival  Lunch  Counter  and  Restaur- 
ant, 115  W.  Second  St. 

Bubber  Stamps,  Stencils  and  Seals 
Los  Angeles  Rubber  Stamp  Co.,  224  W. 
First  St.     Tel.  Red  3941. 

Buberoid  Boofing  and  P.  &  B.  Roof 
Paints  and  Gravel  Boofing. 

Paraffine  Paint  Co.,  312-314  W.  Fifth  st. 

Safe  Dealers. 
The  Mosler  Safe  Co.,  J.  H.  Britton,  Agt., 
129  S.  Broadway. 

Sewing  Machines  and  Bicycles 

Williamson  Bros.,  327  S  Spring  st.  Tel. 
Brown  1315. 

Seeds  and  Agricultural  Implementa 

Johnson  &  Musser  Seed  Co.,  1 13  N.  Main 
St.    Tel.  Main  176. 

Sheet  Metal  Works,  Galvanized  Iron 

and  Copper  Cornices,  Sky  Lights, 

Boofing,  etc. 

Union  Sheet  Metal  Works,  347  to  351 
Central  ave.     Tel.  Black  2931. 

Shirt  and  Shirt  Waist  Makers 

Machin  Shirt  Co.,  1 18K  S.  Spring  st. 
Bumiller  &  McKnight,  123  S.  Spring  st. 
Tel.  Main  547. 

Shoe  Stores 

W.  E.  Cummings,  Fourth  and  Broadway. 

Innes-Crippen  Shoe  Co.,  258  S.  Broad- 
way and  231  W.  Third  st. 

Waterman's  Shoe  Store,  122  S  Spring  st. 

Skinner  &  Kay,  sole  agents  Burt  &  Pack- 
ard '*  Korrect  Shape  "  shoes,  209  W. 
Third  st. 

F.  E.  Verge,  2440  S.  Main  st. 

Sign  Writers  and  Painters 
S.  Bros.-Schroeder  Bros.,  121  E.  Second 
St.     Tel.  Main  561. 

Soda  Works  and  Beer  Bottlers 

Los  Angeles  Soda  Works  (H.  W  Stoll  & 
Co. ),•  509  Commercial  st.  Tel.  Main 
103. 

Sporting  Goods  and  Bicycles 
L.  A.  Cycle  &   Sporting  Goods  Co.,  319 
S.  Main  st. 

Taxidermist  and  Naturalist 
Wm.  F.  Winkler,  346  S.  Broadway. 

Teas,  Coffees  and  Spices 
Sunset  Tea  &  Coffee  Co.,  229  W.  Fourth 

St.     Tel.  Main  1214. 
J.  D.  Lee  &  Co.,  130  W.  Fifth  st. 


Land  of  bunshine  commercial  Blue  Book,  Los  Angeles,  CaL 


Tents,  Awning^H,  Hammocks,    Camp 
Furniture,  etc. 

Los  Angeles  Tent  &  Awning  Co.,  A.  W. 

Swanfeldt,    prop.,   220    S.    Main  st. 

Tel.  Main  1160. 
J.  H.  Masters,  136  S.  Main  st.     Tel.  Main 

1512.     Also  guns  and  ammunition. 

Trunk  Matiufacturers,  Traveling 
Cases,  etc. 

D.  D.  Whitney,  423  S.    Spring  st.    Tel. 

Main  203. 
Upholstering,   Polishing,  Cabinet  "Work 
Broadway  Furniture  &  Upholstering  Co., 
521  S.  Broadway. 

Transfer  Co. 

(See  Van  and  Storage  Co's.) 

Undertakers 

Bresee  Bros,,  557-559  S.  Broadway.     Tel. 

Main  243. 
C.  D.  Howry,  509-511  S.  Broadway.  Of- 
fice Tel.  107  ;  Res.  Tel.  541. 
Peck   &  Chase   Co.,  433-435  S.  Hill   st. 
Tel.  61. 


Van  and  Storage  Companies 

Bekins  Van  and  Storage  Co.  Office  436 
S.  Spring  st.;  Tel.  Main  19.  Ware- 
house, Fourth  and  Alameda  sts.;  Tel. 
Black  1221. 

Wall  Paper,  Room  Moulding,  Decorating 

Los  Angeles  Wall  Paper  Co.,  309 S.  Main 

St.     Tel.  Green  314. 
New  York  Wall  Paper  Co.,  452  S.  Spring 
St.     Tel.  Main  207. 

Warehouse 

(See  Van  and  Storage  Co's.) 

W^ood  OTantels,  Tiles,  Grates,  Ktc. 

Chas    E.    Marshall,    514   S.    Spring    st. 

Tel.  Brown  1821. 

Wood  Turning,  Grill  and  Cabinet  Work. 

The  Art  Mill  Co.,  649  S.  Spring  st.     Tel. 

Green  1638. 
Wood  Turning,  Scroll   and  Band  Sawing 

A.  J.  Koll,  335-337  K.  Second  st.  •  Tel. 
1242. 


PASADENA    COMMERCIAL    BLUE    BOOK. 

Pasadena  is  a  city  of  beautiful  homes.  Its  charming  location  near  the  Sierra  Madre  mountains,  at 
the  head  of  the  beautiful  San  Gabriel  valley,  and  its  proximity  and  exceptional  railway  facilities  to 
Los  Angeles,  make  it  at  once  popular  as  a  winter  resort  to  tourists  and  a  suburban  residence  for  Los 
Angeles  business  men  It  has  good  business  houses,  fine  churches  and  schools,  an  excellent  library, 
charming  drives,  and  the  finest  hotel  in  the  section. 


Banks. 

First  National  Bank,  cor.  Fair  Oaks  ave. 
and  Colorado  st. 

Bakeries. 

C.  S.  Heiser,  22  West  Colorado  st.  Branch 
26  Pine  St.,  Long  Beach. 
Coal,  Wood,  Hay  and  Grain. 
J.  A.  Jacobs  &  Son,   100  East  Colorado 
St.     Tel.  Main  105 

Druggists. 

Asbury  G.  Smith,  n.  w.  cor.   Raymond 

and  Colorado  sts.     Tel.  Main  171. 

Furniture,  Carpets  and  Draperies. 

Chas.  E.  Putman,  96-98  East  Colorado  st. 

Brown  &  Sutliflf,  99-103  South  Fair  Oaks 

ave.     Tel.  99. 

Gymnasium,  Baths,  Massage. 

Rowland's  Gymnasium,  cor.  Green  and 

Fair  Oaks.     Tel.  Black  673. 

Groceries. 

W.  J.  Kelly,  55-57  East  Colorado  st.    Tel. 

86 
Martin  &  Booher,  24  East  Colorado  st. 
Tel.  Main  54. 

Haberdasher<4  and  Hatters. 
F.  E.  Twombly,  28  East  Colorado  st. 
Harness  and  Horse  Furnishing  Goods. 

H.   I.   Howard,    117   East    Colorado    st. 

(Fine  custom  work  a  specialty.) 

Hotels. 

Hotel  Mitchell,  cor.  Dayton  st.  and  Fair 
Oaks  ave.  American  plan.  Rates 
$2.00  per  day  and  up. 

Ice,  Distilled  Water,  etc. 

Independent  Ice  Co.,  cor  Raymond  ave. 
and  Union  st.     Tel.  Red  672. 


Laundries. 

Pacific  Steam  Laundry,  254  South  Fair 
Oaks  ave.     Tel.  Main  12. 
Meat  Markets. 
City  Meat  Market,  John  Breiner,  83  East 

Colorado  st.     Tel.  60. 

East  Side  Market,  H.  Iv.  Flouruoy,  184- 

1 86  East  Colorado  st.    Tel .  Black  3 1 4. 

Mexican  Hand-Carved  I^eather  Goods. 

Leather    Novelty     Manufacturing    Co., 

L.  F.  Brown,  mgr.,  1 1  E.  Colorado  st. 

Millinery. 

Knox  &  McDermid  Millinery  Parlors, 
No  9  Fair  Oaks  ave..  First  National 
Bank  Bldg. 

Opticians. 

Drs.  F.  M.  &  A.  C.  Taylor,  31  East  Col- 
orado St. 

Kestaurants  (Lunches  put  up). 

Arlington  Restaurant  and  Bakery,  S.  F. 
Smiley,  prop.,  102  East  Colorado  st., 
second  door  west  Santa  Fe  tracks. 

Mrs  McDermid's  Delicacy  Bakery,  35 
East  Colorado  st. 

Steel  Ranges,   House  Furnishing  Hard- 
ware, Refrigerators,  etc. 

Pasadena   Hardware    Company,   No.    13 

East  Colorado  st. 

Undertakers. 
Reynolds  &  VanNuys,  63  N.  Fair  Oaks 

ave.     Tel.  52.     Proprietors  Pasadena 

Crematorium. 

W^all  Paper,  Mouldings,  Window  Shades, 
Paints,  Oils,  Varnishes. 

H.  E.  Lodge,  172  East  Colorado  st.  Tel. 
Red  401. 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  I<and  of  Sunshine. 


^W 


Leave  Los  Angeles  every  Tuesday  via  the  Denver 
&  Rio  Grande  *  Scenic  Line,"  and  by  the  popular 
Southern  Route  every  Wednesday.    Low  rates; 
quick  time  ;  competent  managers  ;  Pullman  up- 
holstered cars  ;  union  depot    Chicago.    Our  cars 
are   attached    to   the    "Boston  and  New  York 
Special,"  via  Lake  Shore,  New  York  Central  and 
Boston  &  Albany  Railways,  arriving  Boston  3:00 
p.m.,  New  York  1  p.m. 
For  maps,  rates,  etc.,  call  on  or  address, 
F.  W.  THOMPSON,  Gen.  Ag't., 
214  S.  Spring  St.  Los  Angeles. 

Personally  Conducted 

REDONDO  BY  THE  SEA 

17  Miles  from  liOS  Angeles 

Redondo  Railway  Time  Table 

In  effect  September  8,  1899 
Leave  Los  Angeles  Leave  Redondo 

9:80  am dailv 8:00  a.m. 

1:30  p.m daily 11:00  a.m. 

5:00  p.m daily 3:45  p.m. 

7:30  p.m Saturday  only 6:30  p.m. 

L.  J.  PERRY    Superintendent,  Grand  Ave.  and  Jefferson  St. 
City  office,  246  S.  Spring  St.     Telephone  Wett  1. 

90%  Of  AMERICAN  WOMEN 

wash  dishes  three  times  each  day.  If  yoti 
are  one  of  these,  wear  a  pair  of  **  Good- 
year" Rubber  Gloves  and  always  have 
soft,  white  hands.  Sent  by  mail,  post- 
paid, on  receiptor $1.50.  Agents  wanted. 
Address  M.  O.  Dept., 
M.  F.  Reese  Supply  Co.,  Setauket.N.Y. 


Pacific  Coast  Steamship  Co, 

The  Company's  elegant  steam 
ers  Santa  Rosa  and  Corona  leave 
Redondo  at  11  a.m.,  and  Port  Los 
Angeles  at  2:30  p.m  ,  for  San 
Francisco  via  Santa  Barbara  and 
Port  Harford,  Nov,  2,  6,  10,  14, 
18,  22,  26,  30,  Dec.  4  and  every 
fourth  day  thereafter. 
Leave  Port  Los  Angeles  at  5:45 
a.m.  and  Redondo  at  10:45  a.m.  for  San  Diego, 
Nov.  4.  8,  12,  16,  20,  24,  28,  Dec  2  and  every  fourth 
day  thereafter. 

Cars  connect  via  Redondo  leave  Santa  F6  depot 
at  9:55  a.m.,  or  Redondo  Ry.  depot  at  9:30 
a  m.  Cars  connect  via  Port  Los  Angeles  leave 
S.  P.  R.  R.  depot  1:35  p.m.  for  steamers  north 
bound. 

The  steamers  Coos  Bay  and  Bonita  leave  San 
Pedro  for  San  Francisco  via  East  San  Pedro,  Ven- 
tura. Carpenteria,  Santa  Barbara,  Goleta,  Gaviota, 
Port  Harford,  Cayucos,  San  Simeon,  Monterey 
and  Santa  Cruz,  at  6  p  m.,  Nov.  3,  7, 11, 15,  19,  23, ' 
27,  Dec.  1  and  every  fourth  day  thereafter. 

Cars  to  connect  with  steamers  via  San  Pedro 
leave  S.  P.  R.  R.  (Arcade  Depot)  at  5:03  p  m.,  and 
Terminal  Ry.  depot  5:20  p.m.  Sunday  at  1:45  p.m. 
For  further  information  obtain  folder. 
The  Company  reserves  right  to  change,  without 
previous  notice,  steamers,  sailing  dates  and  hours 
of  sailing.  W.  PARRIS,  Agt., 

124  West  Second  St.,  Los  Angeles. 
GOODALL,  PERKINS  &  CO.,  Gen.  Agts., 

San  Francisco. 


Shortest 
Way 
Home 


One  day  quicker  than  any  other  line  be 
tween  Southern  California  and 


CHICAGO 


Most  comfortable  way  across  th« 
Continent. 

Pullman  Palace  and  Tourist  Sleepers 
every  day  in  the  year. 

Dining  service  of  the  highest  standard 


Santa  Fe  Route 


0 


CEANIC  S.  S.  CO.-nONOLLLl 
APIA,  AlCKLAND  and  SYD^ 

HONOLULU 


SAMOA, 


icEANic  Steamship 


FIJI, 
.TAHITI 

NEW  ZEALAND,        /o^sfamerUwitottieWonderlindsititiePica 
AUSTRALIA.  ,«^p,^    -n,*  South  Sea  Islands. 

SPECIAL  RATES 
fOR  i.jausivt  TBI  OS   T*«i«»  * 

"H;»waii. Samoa. Fwi, Tahiti  etc. 

Send  10  cents  postage 
"  Trip  to  Hawaii,"  with 
photographic  illustrati 
20  cents  for  new  editioi 
same,  with  beautiful  colored  plate  illustratic 
20  cents  postage  for  "  Talofa,  Summer  Sa\ 
South  Seas,"  also  in  colors,  to  Oceanic  S.  S. 
114  Montgomery  St..  San  Francisco. 

Steamers  sail  to  Honolulu  twic 
month,  to  Samoa,  New  Zealand  i 
Sydney,  via  Honolulu,  every  28  days. 

J.  D.  SPRECKELS  BROS.  CO. 

114  Montgomery  Street,  San  Franci 

HUGH  B.  RICE,  Agent, 

330  8.  Spring  St.,  I.08  Angeles,  < 


Hummel  Bros.  &  Co.,  "Help  Center."    300  W.  Second  St.    Tel.  Main  509 


ilastic  Felt  Mattre3;s 


is  well  worthy  ot  your  consideration. 
[;v  you  open  to  to/iific/ioji  ?  or  are  you  one  of  the  few  people  who  ivill  have  an  unsanitary 
air  mattress  —  no  matter  what  it  costs?     We  make  it  simple  for  you  to  learn  about  (see 
bove  picture)  and  easy  for  you  to  buy,  for  our  mattress  is  always 


44 


SENT  ON  SUSPICION." 


SLEEP  ON  IT  30  NIGHTS  and  if  it  is  not  even  all  you  have  hoped  for,  if  you  don't  believe  it  to  be 
le  equal  in  cleanliness,  durability  and  comfort  of  any  $50  hair  mattress  ever  made,  you  can  get  your 
loney  back  by  return  mail — "  no  questions  asked."    There  will  be  no  unpleasantness  about  it  at  all. 

Gk.\nd  R.m'ids,  Mich.,  i;;  Washingrton  .Street,  March  15th,  i8q7. 
Dear  .Sirs:  In  1881  (i5  years  agro)  I  ordered  a  Patent  Elastic  Felt  Mattre.ss,  as  an  experiment,  and  the  results  have 
been  in  every  way  satisfactory.  It  retains  its  shape  and  elasticity  in  a  manner  that  makes  devotees  0/ hair  mattresses 
incredulous.  I  kno7v  0/ no  material  that  can  begin  to  compare  ivith  the  Felt.  My  experie7ice  ivifh  it  has  made  tne 
recommetid  it  to  my  friends,  and  they  sooujoiu  in  the  chorus  0/  praise.  All  the  claims  you  make  for  the  material 
and  workmanship  seem  to  me  -ycil  -ciiliin  flu-  houtuls  of  modesty.  Yours  truly,         (Re\ .)  THOS.  W.  ILLMAN. 


impressing 


the  f,  U. 


Send  for  "  The  Test  of  Time,** 

whether  you  need  a  mattress  now  or  not.  It  will 
interest  you  anyway  to  know  about  the  best  and 
cheapest  mattress  in  the  world.  We  sell  direct  to 
the  user  onl)-. 

2  feet  6  inches  wide,  25  lbs. 

3  feet  wide,  30  lbs. 

3  feet  6  inches  wide,  35  lbs. 

4  feet  wide,  40  lbs.    .     .     . 
4  feet  6  inches  wide,  45  lbs. 

Made  in  two  parts,  50  cents  extra. 

Express  charges  prepaid  everywhere. 

WARNING!  Not  for  sale  by  stores.  A  few  unscrupulous  deal- 
ers are  trying  to  sell  a  f^~,  mattress  for  ^10  and  $15  on  our  advertis- 
ing.    Patent  Elastic  Felt  Mattresses  can  only  be  bought  of 


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$8.35 
10.00  I      g  pEET 
"•70  13  INCHES 
>3-35         LONG. 
15.00  J 


)STER]V100R  &  COMPANY,  140  Elizabeth  St.,  New  York. 

We  have  cushioned  23,000  churches.     Send  for  our  book,  ''Church  Cushions." 


When  answering  advertisements,  please  mention  that  you  "  saw  it  in  the  Land  of  Sunshuik." 


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CREATES  A  PEFFECT  COMPLEXION    t 


Mrs.  Graham's 

Cucumber  and  Elder 
Flower  Cream 

It  cleanses,  whitens  and  beautiOes  the 
skin,  feeds  and  nourishes  skin  tissues, 
thus  banishing  wrinkles.  It  is  harmless 
as  dew,  and  as  nourishing  to  the  skin  as 
dew  is  to  the  flower.  Price  $1  00  at  drug- 
gists and  agents,  or  sent  anywhere  pre- 
«  paid.    Sample  bottle,  10  cents.    A  hand- 

some book,  "  How  to  be  Beautiful,"  free. 

MRS.  GRAHAM'S   CACTICO    HAIR   GROWER 

TO    MAKE    HIS    HAIR    GROW,    AND 

QUICK    HAIR    RESTORER 

TO    RESTORE   THE    COLOR. 

Both  guaranteed  harmless  as  water.  Sold  by  best  Drugfgists,  or  sent  in  plain  sealed 
wrapper  by  express,  prepaid.    Price,  $1.00  each. 

For  sale  by  all  Druggists  and  Hairdealers. 

Send  for  FREE  BOOK  :  "A  Confidential  Chat  with  Bald  Headed.  Thin  Haired  and 
Gray  Haired  Men  and  Women."    Good  Agents  wanted. 

BEDINGTON  &  CO.,  San  Francisco,  Gen.  Pacific  Coast  Agents. 
MRS.  GERVAISE  GBAHAM,  1250  Michigan  Ave.,  Chicago. 


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SIINGER     SElA/IING-yV\/\CHIINES. 

Every  American  warship  carries  a  sewing-machine  as  a  part  of  its  regular  equipment;  besides  this 
there  arc  usually  one  or  more  sailors  on  each  vessel  who  purchase  hand  machines  and  act  as  "ship's  tailor," 
thereby  earning  a  tidy  sum  by  making  or  repairing  clothing  for  their  mates.  Here,  as  in  every  other  occu- 
pation using  a  sewing  machine,  THE  SINGER  has  the  preference  over  all  others  because  of  its  simplicity, 
its  reliable  construction,  and  its  good  work  under  all  conditions.  "While  powerful  warships  and  great  guns 
are  good  things  for  the  Nation  a.t  some  times,  Singer  Sewing-Machines  are  essential  to  its  pcopie  all  the 
time,  whether  afloat  or  ashore.  sold  only   by 


THE      SIINCiBR 


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Salesrooms   in    Every   City. 


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