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s. 


LIBRARY 

Of   THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


tAccasioH 


^'^^^,,  Class <?„E.±.(1. 


BANCROFT    LIBRARY 


THE    WIND'S    WILL 


I  ■  I  ^«  ■  «^  I 


Illustrates 


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THE  LAND  OF 

SUNSHINE 


THE  MAGAZINE  OFT 

CALIFORNIA  AND  THE  WEST 

EDITED  BY  CHAS.F.  LUMMIS 


L.  A.  Eng  Co. 


SOME   AI^PINE   SCKNKRY. 
Near  Redlands,  Cal. 


Photo  by  A.  T.  Park 


0     CENTS  LAND    OP    SUNSHINE    PUBLISHIN6    CO.,    Incorporated        ti^t  A 

A     COPY  121^  Soutli  Broadway.  I'Og  Ansreles.  %D  M     YEAF 


^^xi^^S)  -  - 


rriKJ  1  w^ivfYi^rxiv^   oui^r-j^ico 


Mm^' 


for  Your  Pet  Negative 


There  is   a   Perfection  and   Quality  about  the   Famous 

BRADLEY    PLATINUM    PAPER 

which  justly  makes  k  **  Without  a  Rival/^  It  bears  the 
maker's  guarantee,  and  is  sold  only  by  first-class  dealers 
in  photo  supplies,  which  is  a  double  guarantee.    ^^  ^  ^ 

Manufactured  only  by 

JOHN    BRADLEY,    Chemist,    PHILADELPHIA 


Folding 
PocKet  KodaK. 

Kodaks  can    be   operated  comfortably   out-of- 
rs  with  warmly  gloved  hands. 

Ask  your  dealer  or  write    us  for  inforraatlon 
lit  the  Kodak  Portrait  Attachments. 

EASTMAN  KODAK  CO. 

Kodaha, 

f  5.00  to  #35.00.    Rochester,  N.  Y. 


EASTMAN   KODOKS 

KODAK  FINISHING     ji    ^    ^ 
^    ^    ^  CALIFORNIA  VIEWS 

Photo  Supplies 

Wholesale  and  Retail. 


FREDE.MUNSEY&GO. 

406    S.    BROADWAY 

Chamber  of  Commerce  Bld«r.  Los  Ang-eles. 


IHE  LAND  OFbUNSHINE 

(incorporated)     capital  stock  $50,000 

The  Magazine  of  California  and  the  West 

EDITED  BY  CHAS.   F.   LUMMIS 

The  Only  Exclusively  Western  Magazine 

AMONG    THE    STOCKHOLDERS   AND    CONTRIBUTORS   ARE  : 
DAVID  STARR  JORDAN  WILLIAM  KEITH 

,  President  of  Stanford  University.  The  g-reatest  Western  Painter. 

FREDERICK  STARR  DR.  WASHINGTON  MATTHEWS 

Chicag-o  University.  Ex-Pres.  American  Folk-Lore  Society. 

THEODORE  H.  HITTELL  GEO.  PARKER  WINSHIP 

The  Historian  of  California.  The  Historian  of  Coronado's  Marches. 

MARY  HALLOCK  FOOTE  FREDERICK  WEBB  HODGE 

Author  of  "Tlie  Led-Horse  Claim,"  etc.  of  the  Bureau  of  Ethnoloffj',  Washing-ton. 

MARGARET  COLLIER  GRAHAM  GEO.  HAMLIN  FITCH 

Author  of  "  Stories  of  the  Foothills."  Literary  Editor  S.  P.  "  Chronicle." 

GRACE  ELLERY  CHANNING       CHARLOTTE  PERKINS  STETSON 

Author  of  "  The  Sister  of  a  Saint,"  etc.  Author  of  "  In  This  Our  World." 

ELLA  HIGGINSON  CHAS.  HOWARD  SHINN 

Author  of  "  A  Forest  Orchid,"  etc.  Author  of  "  The  Story  of  the  Mine,"  etc. 

JOHN  VANCE  CHENEY  T.  S.  VAN  DYKE 

Author  of  "Thistle  Drift,"  etc.  Author  of  "Rod  and  Gun  in  California,"  etc. 

CHARLES  WARREN  STODDARD  CHAS.  A.  KEELER 

The  Poet  of  the  South  Seas.  A  Director  of  the  California  Academy 

INA  COOLBRITH  «*  ^'''''^^''• 

Author  of  "  Songs  from  the  Golden  Gate,"  etc.        LOUISE   M.    KLELER 

EDWIN  MARKHAM  ALEX.  F.  HARMER 

Authorof"  The  Man  With  the  Hoe."  L.   MAYNARD   DIXON 

JOAQUIN  MILLER  ^  ^^^^  ^^  ^^^  ^^^^^^^        ELIZABETH  AND  '"""^"^^^• 

''''^^'  fu^hl^'of'^T^'lif^S  A?at?z,"  etc.  ''""^Srs^'of"  Ou^^F^^^^^^        Friends." 

CONSTANCE   GODDARD  Du'bOIS       BATTERMAN  LINDSAY, 
Author  of  "  The  Shield  of  the  Fleur  de  Lis."        CHAS.    DWIGHT  WILL ARD 

CONTENTS   FOR   JANUARY,  1901  : 

The  New  Tower  Arch  at  Stanford Frontispiece 

Wind  Song,  Sharlot  M.  Hall 3 

The  California  Classic,  illustrated,  Juan  Del  Rio 4 

The  Surprise  Springs  Meteorite,  illustrated,  H.  N.  Rust 11 

Lo's  Turkish  Bath,  illustrated,  Idah  M.  Strobridge 13 

The  California  Thrasher,  illustrated,  Elizabeth  and  Joseph  Grinnell  19 

An  Undesirable  Immigrant,  illustrated,  Lucy  Robinson 22 

In  Western  Letters,  illustrated,  C.  F.  L 26 

A  Sage-Brush  Oasis,  illustrated,  C.  F.  L 28 

The  Wind's  Will  (story,  concluded),  Grace  EHery  Channing 32 

Eagle  Rock  (Sonnet),  Blanche  M.  Burbank 38 

Early  Western  History,  the  "Memorial"  of  Fray  Alonso  de  Benavides,  1630. 
Translated  by  Mrs.  Edward  E.  Ayer,  annotated  by  F.  W.  Hodge,  edited 

with  notes  by  Chas.  F.  Lummis 39 

Accurate  Statistics  of  California 53 

Te  Deum  Laudamus  (poem)  Eugene  M.  Rhodes 55 

In  the  Lion's  Den  (editorial),  Chas.  F.  Lummis 56 

That  Which  is  Written  (book  reviews),  Chas.  F.  Lummis 61 

California  Babies,  illustrated 67 

The  Inner  Harbor  at  San  Pedro,  illustrated,  C.  D.  Willard 69 

Redlands,  Cal. ,  illustrated 77 

E^ntered  at  the  Los  Anereles  Postoffice  as  second-class  matter. 

SEE  publisher's  PAGE. 


^ 


>i^  i  > 


41J  The  Hollenbeck  on  Second 
^   and  Sprinj;  Sts.,  is  the  most 
49   centrally   located  ol  all  the 
^    Los  Angeles  Hotels. 
'«       Electric  cars  pass  its  doors 


to  all  points  of  interest. 
It  is  headquarters  for  Tal- 


^  ly-ho  and  Railway  Excur- 
^  sious,  commercial  men  aud 
49    tourists. 

♦?  It  is  run  on  both  Amer- 
^    icaii  and  European  plans. 

Has  first -class  Caf6  and 
rooms  with  bath  and  other 
convcnicuces.         Rates  are 


^   reasonable,     its    conveniences    ample    and    its    service    prompt    and   iT 


^  courteous.   Recently  remodeled  throiigrliout. 

49 

^  A.  C.  BILICKE  &  CO.,  Props. 


HOLLENBECK  HOTEL 


^  Second  and  Spring  Sts. 


Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


!?$$«;¥¥¥¥$¥¥$$$$$¥¥$¥$¥«:¥«:$$¥$$$$$;;, 


OIL  LANDS      INVESTMENTS    oil  stocks 


VVf  jrivr 


•ntir*'  time  to  this  business,  and  offer  j^ou  the  best  advice  reg-arding-  the  different 
oil  invi'stnients.     Prompt  attention  to  all  mail  orders. 


R.  Y.  CAMPTON,  201   Laughlin  BIdg.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Tel.  Red 
2S53 


A  DIFFERENT  CALIFORNIA 

Are  all  your  ideas  of  California  correct? 
You  may  not  know,  for  instance,  that  in 
Fresno  aud  Kinjjs  Counties,  situate  in  the 
noted  San  Joaquin  Vallev,  is  to  be  found 
one  of  the  richest  tracts  of  land  in  the  State. 
CJO,000  acres  of  iheLajfiiiiadeTache 
grant  for  sale  at  $30  to  $46  per  acre,  in- 
cluding Free  Water  Ititrlit,  at  02^ 
cents  per  acre  annual  rental  (the  cheapest 
water  in  California).  Send  your  name  and 
address,  and  receive  the  local  newspaper 
free  for  two  months,  and  with  our  circulars  added  you  may  learn  some- 
thing of  this  diffci;ent  California. 

Address  NARES  &  SAUNDERS,  Managers, 

Branch  Ofmch:  LATON,  FRESNO  CO.,  CAL. 

1840  Mariposa  St  ,  Fresno,  Cal. 

Or  C   A.  HUBHRT,  207  W.  Third  St..  r  os  Angeles,  Cal. 

TOURIST  INFORMATION  BURHAD,  10  Montgomery  St.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
NARKS.  ROBINSON  &  BLACK,  Winnipeg.  Man.,  Canada. 
SAUNDHRS.  MliHI.I.KR  &  CO.,  Knunetsburg,  Iowa. 
C.  A.  HUBERT.  950  Fifth  St.,  San  Diego,  Cal. 


;-^o^ca"^-V.^*a; 


Oood  hMlth  ia  real  w<e«lth— Abbotfa.  theOrl^nal  AngoBtura  Bitters  is  a  veritable  fortuse  to  the  weak. 


MISCELLANEOUS 


L.  B.  Elbekson,  President. 
Wm.  Meek,  Treasurer. 


The  Meek  Baking  Co. 

Wholesale  und  Retail.  ^ 

h 
Factory,  602  San  Pedro  St.      T 

Los  Angeles,  Cal.  ^ 

Telephone  322.     The  Larg-est  Bakery      i 


on  the  Coast. 


-qy— qyr-qsj- 


WE  SELL  THE  EARTH 


BASSETT  &  SMITH 


We  deal  in  all  kinds  of  Real  Estate. 
Orchard  and  Resident  Property. 
Write  for  descriptive  pamphlet. 

232  W.  Second  St,  Room  208,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Investments 

Protected  lo'sT^' 

With  collateral  security  which  is  placed  in  es- 
crow to  cover  the  amount  of  your  purchase. 

You  can  borrow  more  money  on  our  protected 
stock  than  a  real  estate  investment  of  the  same 
amount.    This  proves  its  value. 

DEVELOPMENT  WORK   NOW   IN  PROGRESS. 

Will  commence  drilling-  with  standard  rig-,  upou 
our  Newhall  land,  January  1st.  Sure  Oil  Ter- 
ritory. We  own  2,000  acres  surrounded  by,  or 
adjacent  to,  producing-  property  and  situated  in 
the  different  well  known  oil  fields  of  California. 
Ordinary  stock  now  selling-  at  l5c.  per  share  ; 
protected  stock  at  25c.  per  share ;  protected 
stock  with  2/^%  interest  at  40c.  per  share.  All 
stock  participates  alike  in  all  dividends  declared 
by  the  company.  Stock  will  rapidly  increase  in 
value,  and  price  will  be  raised  as  work  pro- 
g-resses.  Now  i^  the  time  to  invest.  Write 
today  for  particulars.  Ag-ents  wanted.  Ad- 
dress all  communications  to  the 

Imperial  Consolidated  Oil  Company, 

Clinton  Johnson,  President, 
319  Laughlan  Building, 

Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


THE 


ONE  HUNDRED  GIGANTIC 
BIRDS 

The  Original  Ostrich   Farm  of 
America 


Babies  at  the  Farm. 

"One  of  the  strangest  sig-hts  of  Amer- 
ica."— JV.  T.  Journal. 

The  Pasadena  Electric  Cars  rtjn  direct 
to  the  entrance  every  ten  minutes,  fare  10c. 

A  complete  price  list  of  feather  Boas, 
Plumes  and  Fans  mailed  on  receipt  of  2-cent 
stamp.       EDWIN  CAWSTON, 

South  Pasadena,  Cal. 


]^  Casa  Palma 


Rates 


American.... $2.00  to  $3.50 
European 75  to  $1 .  50 


Iv.  K.  SRACK,  Proprietor. 


Riverside.  Cal 


^J  X   J^X'lJL-'Xl.XVX^  V^V^X '^V^J-^AVX-^k^ 


While  Touring  Southern  California 

use  a 

Milwaukee  Automobile 


Open 

and 

Top 

Stanhopes 


Will  travel  10 
miles  on  one 
gallon  of  gaso- 
line. Good  for 
a  50-mile  trip 
without  replen- 
ishing. 


Cor, 


HAWLEY,  KING  &  CO., 

Dealers  in  high  grade  Vehicles  of  all  kinds. 

Broadway  and   Fifth   St.,   Los   Angeles,   Cal, 

(Write  for  printed  matter  and  mention  this  magazine.) 


EYE  STRAIN 


Causes  more  Hoadaclies  than  any  other 


DR.  ELLIOTT'S  METHODS 

of  nttinfir  tf hisses  irive  iiermaiu-nt  relii'f. 
E.v»-s  Test.-d  Kn-i-.     Optical  l»arU)rs, 

319  S   Spring  Street,  Los  Angeles 


fine  Comer  for  flats  Ssu"  ^^ 

dimensions,  and  cheap.     Inquire  at  '2200  Grand 
Avenue,  I„o«  Angeles. 


Princely  Shoes 
for  IVIen 

Just  now  the  great  de- 
mand is  for  our  new 
Winter  Tan.  Nothing 
so  clever  in  shape  or 
make  sold  on  the  Coast. 

Elegant  in  design,  and 
distinguished.  They 
resist  the  most  severe 
wear. 

Two  exceptional  lines 

$3.50 «  $5.00 

Do  you  take  advantage 
of  our  mail  order  depart- 
ment ?     Address  the 

C.  M. STAUB 

SHOE  CO., 

251  S.  Broadway,  Los  Angeles, Cal. 


We  Sell  Orange  Orchards 

That  i)ay  a  steady  investment,  with  ^ood  water  rights.     We  have  them  in  the 
suburbs  uf  Pasadena,  linely  located  for  homes,  also  in  the  country  for  profit. 

FINK  HOMKS  IN  PASADENA  A  SPECIALTY. 
W001>  &  CHUUCH,  1«  S.  Kaynioncl  Avenue,  Pasadeua,  Cal. 


STANDARD  CONCERNS  nt! 


A  Januaty  Clearance 

We  have  some  lines  of  SUITS  and 
OVERCOATS  to  close  out  at  Reduced      ^ 
Prices,  and  they  cannot  be  duplicated 
elsewhere  at  the  price* 

$J8.00    SUITS    NOW    $15.00 
tS.OO       '*  *'  13.50 

nm     '*         '*         10.00 

Men^s  Overcoats  and  Boy's  Suits  proportionately  reduced 


Mullen  &  Bluett  Clothing  Co. 

N.  W,  COR.  FIRST  AND  SPRING  STREETS,  LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 


FIB 


mM^ 


210  SO.  BROADWAY 

OPEN   DAY  AND  NIGHT 


"  Dependable  Furniture  at  a  fair  price. 


A  comfortable  nook  in  our  Draper^-  Department. 
JUST  RECEIVED  an  unusually  fine  assortment  of  Oriental  Rugrs.  Third  shipment  this  season 

NILES    PEASE    FURNITURE    CO. 

439-441-443  South  Spring  Street  I.OS  ANGELES  CAL,. 

Our  little  booklet  "American  Home  Furnishing-s  "  sent  free. 


r^M^ 


NEW    CENTURY    LIBRARY 

Printed  on  the  Thinnest  Printing:  Paper  in  the  World. 

Thackeray's      ^'^JHplfli      Standard 


Old  Size  and  New  Size.    Type  same  size. 

The  NEW  CENTURY  LIBRARY  is  a  radical  departure  in  the  art  of  book-making-.  The  larg-est 
novel  is  published  unabridg-ed  in  a  sing-le  volume,  which  is  so  small  that  it  is  equally  suitable  for  the 
pocket  or  satchel.  As  a  librar3'  edition  it  is  handsome  in  the  extreme.  The  size  is  only  4%  x  6%  inches, 
and  not  thicker  than  a  monthly  magazine.       ^p^^    ^ypg    jg    ^g    large  and  aS  Casilj  TCad 

as  that  of  the  line  which  you  are  now  reading.     ^^*^  '^°'°°  m7n?hS"  *°"*  *"  "* 

The  volumes  are  published  monthly  in  three  bindings:  Cloth,  $i.oo  per  vol.;  Leather,  limp, 
$1.25;  Leather,  boards,  $1.50.  Already  published:  Uickens  — "The  Pickwick  Papers,"  "Nicholas 
Nickleby,"  *' Oliver  Twist,"  and  "  Sketches  by  Boz,"  "  Old  Curiosity  Shop,"  "Martin  Chuzzlewit," 
"  Barnaby  Kudge,"  "  Dombev  and  Son,"  and  "  David  Copperfield."  Thackeray—"  Vanity  Fair,"  "The 
Newcomes,"  "  Pendennis,"  '  Henry  Esmond,"  "  The  Paris  Sketch  Book,"  etc.,  "  The  Book  of  Snobs," 
etc.,  "Burlesques,"  etc.  "  Men's  Wives,"  etc.,  and  "The  Virg-inians,"  We  shall  complete  Thacke- 
ray's Works  at  once  by  publishing-  the  remaining  5  volumes.  Any  volume  sent  postpaid  on  receipt  of 
price.     Prospectus  free,  on  application  to 

THOS.  NELSON  &  SONS,  Publishers,  Dept.  S,  37  East  ISth  Street,  New  Yerk. 


Agents  Wanted- 

Students,  Teachers,  Clergymen,  and  Bright,  Intelligent 
Men  and  Women  of  Affairs,  in  every  Town  and  Village 

CHAUTAU(JUA  wants  a  brig-ht,  intelligent  man  or  woman  in 
every  town  to  act  as  its  agent  this  fall  and  winter  in  dispens- 
ing Chautauqua  literature,  organizing  literary  clubs,  and 
encouraging  the  Chautauqua  courses  of  Home  Reading  and  Study. 
All  one's  time,  or  only  spare  time,  may  be  devoted  to  the  work,  and 
Chautauqua  will  pay  liberally  for  this  service.  Prizes  will  also  be 
offered  for  successful  work.  Address  for  full  information,  Chautau- 
qua  Assembly,  Bureau  of  Extension  (Dept.  Z),  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

When  you  remember  that  Chautauqua  is  now  twenty-seven  years 
old,  that  it  has  gone  into  every  State  of  the  Union,  that  it  has  en- 
rolled more  than  a  quarter  of  a  million  members,  that  it  keeps  in 
successful  oj^eration  a  great  variety  of  courses  of  home  reading,  that 
it  Conducts  the  largest  and  most  complete  summer  school  in  the  world, 
iikI  that  eighty  Chautauqua  Summer  Assemblies  were  held  this  year 
in  thirty  ditterent  States,  attracting  over  half  a  million  people—  you 
i;-  t  .some  idea  of  its  strength,  its  scope  and  its  influence. 

Chautauqua  Assembly,  Bureau  of  Extension  (Dept.  Z),  Cleveland,  Ohio. 


^ia=. 


FOR  THE  GARDEN 


Sii^tc^i^JJ 


.^^=m^^^ 


California  Seeds 


LEAD  THE  WORLD 

Send  for  our  Seed   and  Plant  Catalogue. 

GERMAIN  SEED  AND  PLANT 
COMPANY 

326-330   S.   Main  St.,   Los  Angeles,  Cat. 


Poultry  and  TJHbhit  Sn7>ply. 

Send  for  special  catalog-ue. 


CALDWELL  NURSERY  CO. 

JEROME    CALDWELL,    Manaqer 

Deciduous  and        Ornamental  Plants 
Citrus  Trees  «   «   «    and  Shrubs 


353^  S.  Main  St. 

North  of  Vnn  Xuys  Hotel 


LOS  ANGELES,  GAL. 


FERRY'S 

^M^^^^^^        know    what 
■^-^^^^       you're     jjlanting 
when      you     plant 
Ferry's  Seeds.     If    you 
buy  cheap  seeds  you  can't 
be  sure.     Take  no  chances  — 
get  Ferry's.       Dealers    every- 
where sell  them.    Write 
for  1901  .Seed  Annual- 
mailed  free. 

D.  M.  FERRY  &  CO. 
Detroit.  Mich. 


Tlir  nrOT  rnrrO  ah  kinds.  OUve,  orange, 
Hit    DtOl      IKttj     Lemon       Wa,„„.       and 

everything  ^Ise^      Best'' 

grown  and  largest  stock  of  street  and  orna- 
mental trees  in  Southern  California.  Roses, 
shrubs,  etc.     Best  vaiieties,  lowest  prices. 

J.  E.  MORGAN,  4584  Pasadena  Ave. 


SEND  JO  CENTS  FOR  MRS.  theodosia  b.  shepherd^s  catalogue 

OF  SEEDS,  PLANTS,  BULBS  AND  CACTUS  Ji  ^  S  ^  ^ 

Which  amount  will  be   credited  on  first  order. 

At  VENTURA-BY-THE-SEA,  California 

Want  Some  California  ^-Rpses} 

Send^  then^  for  the  beautiful  catalogue  of  the  California  Rose 
Co»,  as  advertised  on  the  next  page^  Its  fine  photographs  and 
accurate  descriptions  will  help  you  select  the  varieties  you 
prefer. 

Meantime,  reflect  on  the  fact  that  two  dollars,  sent  to  this 
office,  will  bring  you  in  return,  two  dollars  worth,  at  list  prices, 
of  the  roses  named  in  that  catalogue  (your  own  selection),  and 
one  year's  subscription  to  the  Land  of  Sunshine* 

Or  we  will  ship,  charges  paid,  to  anyone  remitting  us  five 
dollars  for  five  new  subscriptions  to  the  Land  of  Sunshine, 
roses  (your  own  pick  again)  to  the  value  of  two  dollars* 

If  this  interests  you,  let  us  hear  from  you* 

THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  PUBLISHING  CO. 

Los  Angeles,  C^U 


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THK    NKW    TOWKK    AUCH    AT   STANFORD    UNIVKKSITY.  Ph  ito.  by  C.  F.  L. 


Vol.  14.  No.  1. 


LOS  ANGELES 


JANUARY,  1901, 


Wind  Song. 


BY   SHARLOT    M.    HALL. 


One  day  upon  the  wing-s  of  air 

My  soul  shall  get  him  forth, 
And  nothing-  know  I  whence  or  where, 

To  east  or  south  or  north  ; 
And  little  care  I  through  what  ways 

This  soul  of  mine  shall  ride, 
Or  if  the  call  be  soon  or  late, 

At  morn  or  eventide. 

But  I  would  go  when  strong  winds  blow 

Full-throated  down  the  heaven, 
And  on  the  blast  like  pennants  cast 

The  wild  black  hawks  are  driven. 
Oh,  kith  and  kin  are  they  to  me, 

Wild-^^^inged  my  soul  shall  pass 
With  them,  as  their  own  shadows  drive 

Across  the  wind-swept  grass. 

Free  winds  that  wander  up  and  down 

The  weary  hills  of  earth, 
What  call  like  yours  can  sorrow  drown, 

Or  touch  her  seas  to  mirth  ? 
Strong  winds  that  were  tempestuous  souls, 

O  brothers,  bend  and  wait  ; 
Take  up  my  longings  on  your  wings 

And  I  shall  conquer  fate! 


Prescolt,  Ariz. 


Copyright  1900  by  Land  of  Suiishi 


The  California  Classic. 


BY   JUAN     DEL    RIO. 


HERE  are  several  California  classics,  in- 
deed— for  when  Joaquin  Miller  and  Mark 
Twain  and  Bret  Harte  knew  little  of  a 
meaner  world  than  the  Frontier,  each  of 
them  wrote  some  of  the  things  that  will 
last,  the  things  that  are  and  shall  be 
matchless  in  their  kind.  But  when  we 
:ome  to  the  novels,  there  is  but  one  California 
classic,  after  all  these  years  ;  and  that  was 
written  not  b_v  a  Californian,  not  by  one  of  the 
raw  demig-ods  of  the  unspoiled  West,  but  b}'  an  East- 
ern woman  who  as  often  spelled  California  names  wrong  as 
right. 

The  issue,  after  16  years,  of  the  first  really  worthy  edi- 
tion *  of  Ramoua — and  a  most  beautiful  edition  it  is^will 
be  a  comfort  to  the  multitudes  who  have  admired  in  a  plain 
dress  one  of  the  greatest  and  one  of  the  noblest  of  all 
American  novels.  Perhaps  only  one  other  volume  of  Amer- 
ican fiction  has  enjoyed  so  undying  popularit}- — for  Ramona 

has  sold  by  hundreds  of 
thousands,  and  is  still 
"selling  better"  than 
most  of  the  "popular  suc- 
cesses "  of  the  da}'.  It  was 
a  happy  critic  who  first 
called  it  "  the  Uncle  Toni's 
Cabin  of  the  Indian  ;"  for 
while  it  is  far  ahead  of 
Mrs.  Stowe's  masterpiece 
in  verisimilitude,  and  in 
dignit}^  and  even  in  liter- 
ary quality,  it  is  nearer 
than  any  other  American 
novel  in  the  quality  which 
has  made  Uncle  Tom  im- 
mortal —  its  genius  of 
human  sympathy.  One 
hardly  needs  to  be  told 
that  both  were  written, 
as  Mr.  Warner  has  said  of 
Ramona^  "  at  a  white  heat 
of  fervor. "  And  that  most 
precious  fire  is   the  deep 


H.  H. 
HKI.KN    HUNT   JACKSON. 


'".^""''•"■••V  •••I'lio"."  Little.  Brown  &  Co.,  IJoslon,  1900.    Med.  8vo.  2  vol8.,$6,  with 
23  full-iKiire  photogravure  ills,  by  Henry  Sandham,  and  numerous  headpieces. 


THE    CALIFORNIA    CLASSIC. 


BSMDSS 


secret  of  power. 
These  two  women 
have  won  not  onl}^ 
their  natural  S3^m- 
pathizers.  It  has 
been  their  rare  dis- 
tinction to  compel 
hundreds  of  thou- 
sands of  unwilling 
readers  —  readers 
who  cared  less  for 
Neg-roes  and  Indi- 
ans perse  than  the3^ 
did  for  the  fortunes 
of  a  poodle— to  thrill 
and  smile,  and  turn 
dim-e3^ed  over  the 
revealed  humanity 
of  the  Accursed 
Races.  And  there 
are  those  who  would 
rather  have  had  this 
success  of  teaching- 
a  million  hearts, 
and  coming-  forever 
into  their  fireside 
memories,  than  to 
have  tickled  the  in- 
tellectual tj^mpan- 
ums  of  all  the  critics 
now  extant. 

Since  Ramona  is 
a  purely  Southern 
California  story, 
and  its  enormous  vogue,  along-  with  the  multitudinousness 
of  tourists  who  peruse  it  and  its  scene  together,  have  given 
rise  to  a  great  number  of  myths,  local  and  Eastern,  and 
have  developed  as  much  ignorance  and  untruth  as  might 
be  expected,  I  have  been  asked  to  write  a  brief  statement 
of  the  facts  as  they  are  proved  to  be,  and  as  I  have  had  pe- 
culiar advantages  for  knowing  them — through  long  resi- 
dence in  California,  some  study  of  its  history,  and  an  inti- 
mate acquaintance  with  all  Mrs.  Jackson's  comings  and 
goings  here,  her  informants,  advisers  and  friends,  and  all 
the  scenes  she  has  sketched  with  an  accuracy  which  seems 
to  me  (in  view  of  her  short  exploration)  nothing  short  of 
marvelous.  Surely  no  writer — even  much  greater,  in  the 
literary  way,  than   Mrs.  Jackson — could  ever   have   drawn 


Copyright,  1900,  by  Little,  Brown  &  Co. 
SANDHAM'S    "  RAMONA." 


6  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

SO  lifelike  a  picture  on  so  brief  acquaintance,  unless  in  the 
Vii^ht  of  a  Pentecostal  g-low  of  head  and  heart  for  a  great 
faith.  As  those  know  who  knew  her,  the  matter  had  be- 
come almost  an  obsession.  Her  noble  sympathy  for  the 
wron^js  of  an  ill-treated  race  had  failed  of  harvest  in  the 
direct  field.  Relatively  few  Americans  have  read  her  Cen- 
tiiry  of  Dishonor ;  but  her  inspiration  to  "make  a  story  of 
it  "  has  borne  fruit  it  is  a  pity  she  might  not  have  lived  to 
see. 

As  to  the  story,  then.  It  is,  one  ought  not  to  need  to 
say,  pure  fiction.  "  Ramona  "  never  lived,  nor  "  Alessan- 
dro,"  nor  the  "  Senora  Morena,"  nor  anyone  else  in  the 
book.  The  commonest  and  cheapest  lies  told  in  California 
are  perhaps  those  of  people  who  "knew  the  original  Ra- 
mona,"  or  "the  half-breed  Indian  Alessandro,  who  was 
killed  for  horse-stealing,"  and  all  the  rest  of  this  silly  bask- 
ing of  the  small  in  the  sunshine  of  greatness.  Only  less 
common,  and  perhaps  quite  as  vulgar,  is  the  cynical  version 
— equally  designed  to  impress  tourists — that  there  "  couldnH 
be  such  people."  There  could,  and  there  are.  I  myself 
have  known  every  type  in  the  book.*  The  first  time  I  read 
it,  I  "placed  "  them  all.  It  is,  I  think,  the  greatest  tribute 
to  Mrs.  Jackson's  genius,  that  she  saw  these  characters  so 
intimately  that  a  native  recognizes  them  instantly.  F^. 
7Hia^  I  do  not  know  another  famous  American  author  who 
has  ever  drawn  so  true  California  types.  Certainly  Bret 
Harte  never  did,  nor  Mark  Twain — both  are  far  "stagier." 
"Idealized?"  Well,  do  you  know  of  any  novel  in  which 
the  Saxon  characters  are  not  idealized — even  a  novel  by 
Howells  ?  Do  you  believe  there  ever  was  a  woman  so  per- 
fect as  the  Heroine,  or  a  man  so  adorable  as  the  Hero,  or  a 
scoundrel  so  unmixed  as  the  Villain  ?  If  so,  wouldn't  you 
like  to  find  them  ?  My  humble  judgment  is  that  "Alessan- 
dro" and  "Ramona"  are  as  true  to  life  as  any  hero  and 
heroine  in  fiction.  But  I  do  not  venture  on  sarcasm  in 
these  pages.  The  simple  fact  is,  I  believe,  that  Mrs.  Jack- 
son has  caught  the  true  likeness  of  her  "people,"  and  has 
retouched  them  no  more  than  we  all  demand.  I  have  often 
wondered  if  there  is  anyone  in  the  world  who  would  read  a 
story  that  was  literally  exact.  • 

As  to  the  localities  in  the  story,  there  is  no  possible 
doubt  nor  as  to  any  of  them.  The  "home  ranch  "  is  un- 
mistakably that  fine  old  Spanish  principality  of  the  del 
Valles,  Camulos.  I  have  known  the  details  of  Mrs.  Jack- 
son's hasty  visit  to  that  blessed  spot ;  I  know  every  Spanish 
rancho  in  Southern  California.  The  description  is  wonder- 
fully accurate  there  ;  nowhere  else  does  it  fit  at  all.     It 


•S«>hav.'I.    Ei» 


THE    CALIFORNIA    CLASSIC. 


From  the  Mjnt#ey  '•  Ramona.'  Copyright,  1900,  by  Little,  Brown  &  Co. 

r.amona's  mf:eting  with  father  .sai^viekdrrra  in  the 

MUSTARD-FIEIvD. 


never  would  have  been  applied  elsewhere,  but  for  the  hope 
of  inveig-ling-  money  from  "Ramona  tourists."  And  if  that 
were  not  enough,  m}-  dear  old  friend,  now  gone,  Don  An- 
tonio F.  Coronel — who  was  also  Mrs.  Jackson's  host  and 
chief  adviser  here — told  me  explicitly  that  she  asked  him 
where  to  go  for  her  rancho  ;  that  he   sent  her  to  Camulos 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


y'tom  the  M  nterey  "  RiiiiDna. 
"  KYKS   Ol" 


THK    SKY 


Copyrighted,  190O,  by  Little,  Brown  A  Co. 
KXCI.AIMKD   YSIDKO. 


with  letters  ;  and  that  she  and  he  discussed  in  many  details 
her  description  of  that  place.  As  to  the  other  localities  of 
the  story,  there  has  never  been  any  (luestion,  I  think. 


THE    CALIFORNIA     CLASSIC. 


Copyright,  19i'U,  Uy  Liitle,  browu  (SCo. 
AI^ESSANDRO    SINGING   TO   FEIvIPE. 


There  was  no  sich  a  person  "  as  the  iron-like  Senora 
Moreno  " — but  it  is  easy  to  see  whence  the  character  came. 
For  in  her  few  hours'  visit  Mrs.  Jackson  learned  the  extra- 
ordinary executive  ability  of  a  senora  whose  tenderness, 
justice  and  exalted  womanhood — the  proverb  of  her  by  no 
means  little  world — there  was  no  chance  to  measure. 


10 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


It  has  always  been  a  fly  in  my  ointment  that  the  proper 
names  in  that  noble  book  are  so  much  misspelled  —  and  to 
me  absurd.  ''Alessandro"  is  not  Spanish,  but  Italian.  It 
ought  to  be  Alejandro.  No  American  Indian,  I  am  sure, 
ever  bore  the  other  name.  "Father  Salvierderra"  is  as 
painful.  There  was  a  Father  Zalvidea  among-  the  Francis- 
can missionaries  ;  but  this  seems  to  be  a  struggle  for  '  Sal- 
vatierra." 

This  beautiful  edition  of  her  great  work  is  peculiarly 
grateful   to  those  who  have  the  best  right  to  love  the  story 

those  who  know  and  really,  deeply  care.  Mr.  Sandham's 
illustrations  seem  to  me  exquisite  and  decorative,  but  not 
purely  Californian.  Perhaps  he  saw  types  I  do  not  know. 
At  any  rate,  though  I  have  known  "Alessandros  "  and  "Ra- 
monas,"  I  have  never  seen  those  who  look  like  his  ;  unless 
the  campanile  at  Pala  has  grown  since  I  was  last  there, 
it  is  not  more  than  one-fourth  as  tall  as  he  has  pictured  it. 
But  perhaps  it  is  ungrateful  to  say  this  ;  for  his  pictures 
are  very  beautiful,  and  it  seems  well  to  have  beautiful  pic- 
tures in  a  book  whose  soul  is  as  beautiful  as  that  of  any 
book  I  have  ever  known.  Susan  Coolidge's  introduction  is 
appreciative  and  tender,  but  does  not  quite  grasp  the  land 
Mrs.  Jackson  loved  and  understood,  nor  does  it  seem  quite 
broad  enough  to  gauge,  even  as  it  tries  to,  that  line,  broad 
and  noble  American  woman.  But  this  edition,  in  its  two 
stately  volumes,  it  is  a  keen  pleasure  to  own. 


1 

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THK    1»AI.A    CAMPANILE. 


11 

The  Surprise  Springs  Meteorite. 


BY     H       N.    RUST. 


HK  beautiful  meteorite  illustrated  on  page 
12  was  found  last  year  b}^  a  prospector 
named  Dan.  T.  Hayes,  on  the  desert  near 
Surprise  Springs,  about  100  miles  north- 
east of  San  Bernardino,  Cal.  Only  re- 
cently he  brought  it  to  San  Bernardino  to 
learn  what  it  might  be.  Mr.  Reed,  the 
assayer,  recognized  it  for  a  meteorite, 
cut  it  and  etched  the  surfaces,  bringing 
out  the  beautiful  frost-like  crystallizations 
known  as  "  Widmannstiitten  figures,"  after  the  scientist 
who  first  described  them.  The  specimen  (of  which  the 
illustration  shows  the  exact  size)  is  a  soft  malleable  iron, 
with  a  small  percentage  of  platinum  and  nickel.  It  mea- 
sures three  and  a  quarter  inches  in  its  longest  diameter 
and  two  and  three-quarters  in  its  shortest,  and  weighs  53 
ounces  Troy.  It  was  secured  for  the  collection  of  Prof. 
Henry  A.  Ward,  of  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  one  of  the  most 
enthusiastic  and  extensive  collectors  of  meteorites  in  the 
world.  The  two  specimens  shown  in  the  accompanying 
cuts  were  found  in  the  vicinity  of  Canon  Diablo,  Ariz. 

There  is  a  peculiar  fascination  about  these  mysterious 
visitants  which  come  no  man  knows  whence ;  the  only  foreign 
bodies  which  reach  earth  from  Space.  Their  fall  is  gener- 
ally accompanied  by  a  great  light,  and  often  by  terrific  de- 
tonations— the  glow  from  the  heat  generated  by  their  swift 
flight,  and  the  reports  by  explosions  of  the  mass. 

Scientists  divide  them  into  three  classes,  according  to 
their  composition — aerosiderites  (meteoric  iron),  aerosid- 
erolites  and  aerolites.  The  specimens  whose  descent  has 
been  observed  are  called  "falls;"  others  are  called  "finds." 
The  former  are  rare ;  for  the  great  majority  of  meteorites 
fall  in  the  sea  or  lonely  places.  The  record  of  observed 
falls  during  the  century  is  only  an  average  of  two  and  a 
half  a  year.  It  was,  indeed,  long  doubted  by  scientific 
men  whether  these  curious  metallic  bodies  really  came  from 
Space  ;  but  a  fall  of  over  1000  meteorites  in  France  in  1803 
convinced  the  last  skeptic. 

They  were  naturally  prized  by  ancient  man  as  fetiches, 
and  still  are,  among  uncivilized  tribes.  A  meteorite  which 
fell  in  Phrygia  at  an  early  date  is  said  to  have  been  adored 
as  Cybele.  In  652  B.  C.  a  shower  of  stones  fell  in  Rome, 
and  so  impressed  the  Senate  that  a  solemn  feast  of  nine 
days  was  held.  The  Chinese  record  a  similar  fall  in  644 
B.  C.     The  oldest  positively  identified  "fall"  is  believed 


LO'S    TURKISH    BATH. 


13 


to  be  a  mass  of  260  lbs.  of  meteoric  iron  which  fell  in 
Germany  in  1492.  The  Duke  of  Austria  had  it  suspended 
in  the  parish  church,  where  it  may  still  be  seen.  Orna- 
ments made  of  meteoric  iron  were  found  in  the  Ohio 
Mounds  by  Prof.  F.  W.  Putnam,  of  the  Peabody  Museum. 
All  meteorites  are  characterized  by  a  very  thin,  varnish- 
like surface,  due  to  the  superficial  melting-  by  the  friction 
of  their  fall.  They  also  have  rounded  pits  or  "cupules," 
g-enerally  shallow,  and  often  looking-  as  if  the  mass  had 
been  molded  by  fingers  while  plastic.  These  also  are  due 
to  the  resistance  encountered  in  their  fall.  Yet  despite  all 
this,  they  are  not  always  hot,  even  superficially,  when  they 
reach  the  ground.  Some  have  been  picked  up  immediately 
and  found  to  be  little  more  than  blood-heat,  and  one  was 
so  cold  as  to  benumb  the  fing-ers.  The}^  are  of  all  sizes, 
from  one  no  larger  than  a  pea,  which  fell  in  Iowa  in  1890, 
to  a  specimen  in  Mexico  weig-hing-  many  tons. 

'  Lo's   Turkish  Bath. 

BY    IDAH    MEACHAM    STROBRIDOE. 

IRTY  as  a  Piute  !"  How  often  one 
living-  in  Greasewood-land  hears  the 
expression. !  Ay,  and  how  often  have 
I,  myself  (knowing-  better  than  to  be  such  a 
sheep),  made  use  of  it  !  And  when  I,  or 
others,  say  it,  we  refer  invariably  to  bodily 
uncleanliness.  As  to  the  dirt  of  the  Piute 
camp  itself,  that  I  g-rant  you  is — dirt.  Dirt 
without  any  disg-uises  ;  but  wholesome,  if 
one  is  to  base  one's  belief  in  the  statement 
on  the  fat,  roly-poly  bits  of  bronze  that  tum- 
ble about  the  place  playing-  with  the  puppies, 
and  emitting-  such  g-urg-les  of  laughter  that 
your  own  heart  is  set  sing-ing  at  the  sound. 
We  who  are  chiseled  out  of  white  marble  do 
not  take  kindly  to  the  lack  of  perfect  clean- 
liness we  sometimes  find  in  our  brother  cast  in  bronze ;  but 
as  it  is  mostly  the  dirt  that  can  be  cleansed  with  a  mop  or 
a  broom,  let  us  forg-ive  him.  It  migfht  easily  be  worse — 
but  isn't.  Lo  keeps  himself  clean  by  way  of  a  bathtub  as 
thoroug-h  in  its  methods  as  your  own. 

Come  with  me.  Let  me  prove  that  Lo  in  g-eneral,  and 
Piute-Lo  in  particular,  is  often  traduced.  Come,  and  I'll 
show  you  a  beautiful  bathing--place  (and  there  are  hundreds 
more  like  it)  where  the  folk  of  Caracalla's  time,  or  others 
of  those  old  fellows — though  having-  more  luxuriously  ap- 
pointed bath-houses — couldn't  have  been  made  cleaner. 


Illustrated  from  photos,  by  the  author. 


MKTKOKI'IKS    FOUND    AT   CANON    DIABI.O,    AKIZ. 


MirrKOKlTK    FROM    CANON    DIABM). 


LO'S    TURKISH    BATH. 


15 


Away  up  in  the 
top  of  a  mountain 
(that  is  all  blending- 
blues  and  violets  till 
3^ou  reach  it,  and  all 
greenish-gra}'  with 
sag-e  and  mottled 
with  mountain  ma- 
hogan}^  when  3^ou 
do)  lies  a  lake,  long- 
and  narrow,  cold  and 
clear;  sounding-s 
have  not  found  bot- 
tom. Almost  at  the 
crest  of  the  mountain 
it  lies,  and  is  happily 
named  "Summit 
Lake."  It  is  the  lake 
best  beloved  by  the 
Piutes  ;  not  because 
of  its  trout  (yet 
where  elsewhere  are 
their  like  to  be 
found?)  but  because 
the  white  man  feels 
the  place  is  too  re- 
mote for  him  to  think 
it  worth  while  to  en- 
croach on  his  broth- 
er's domain;  and  also 
because  it  is  cool  — 
deliciously  cool  there 
all  the  hot  Nevada 
summer.  I  have 
known  snow  to 
whiten  the  peak  of 
the  mountain  in  Au- 
g-ust.  And  the 
snows,  melting-,  send 
a  stream  —  such  a 
stream  !  a  torrent  of 
beauty  and  song-  — 
down  throug-h  the 
cation  to  fling-  itself 
joyousl}^  into  the 
arms  of  the  waiting- 
lake. 

All  up  and   down 


16  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

the  great  mountain  slopes  are  antelope  and  deer — not  scat- 
tering- ones,  but  in  herds.  On  the  greater  heights  live,  a 
few  here  and  there,  the  Indian's  favorite  game — the  big-- 
horn. 

If  3'ou  go  there  by  the  creek  when  the  morning  sun  first 
finds  it,  )'ou  will  hear  the  rush  of  wings — the  partridge- 
like whirr  that,  if  3'ou  are  a  sportsman,  makes  your  trigger 
finger  itch  for  the  touch  of  a  shotgun — and  dropping 
down  b)"  dozens  and  scores  come  sage  chickens  gray  as  the 
sagebrush  that  here  grows  tall  as  the  willows,  and  wild 
gooseberry  and  rosebushes  that  border  the  banks. 

This  was  a  favorite  haunt  of  the  bronze  man  long  ago. 
He  lived  here  and  found  it  good  in  the  days  when  his  name 
was  a  terror  to  the  emigrant  whose  wagon  crept  down  the 
valley  beyond.  This  is  the  place  his  great-grandchildren 
seek  today,  loving  it  no  less  than  did  their  grandsires. 

A  little  less  than  half  a  hundred  years  ago,  men  wearing 
our  American  blue  marched  here  and,  at  the  creek's  edge, 
built  around  three  sides  of  a  hollow  square  the  substantial 
stone  and  adobe  buildings  that  made  their  shelter  in  the 
days  they  went  a-fighting  the  bronze  men  of  the  mountains. 
And  when  they  came,  their  brown  brother  drew  back  and 
away — farther  and  farther  till  there  was  no  further  need 
of  soldiers  to  protect  the  emigrant  down  below,  winding 
his  way  westward.  When  the  bronze  man  melted  away, 
the  other  went.  Only  the  houses  remained.  Then  the 
bronze  man  came  creeping  back — quieter,  wiser. 

Would  you  see  it  today?  The  walls  show  the  wear  and 
war  of  the  years  and  the  elements,  but  the  name  of  the  old 
fort  survives — Camp  McGary.  The  buildings  are  still  in- 
habited. But  those  who  go  in  and  out  of  the  officers' 
quarters— who  greet  you  at  the  door  of  the  guard-house  — 
whom  you  meet  on  the  old  parade-ground,  do  not  wear  the 
soldier-blue.  The  brown  brother  has  sole  possession  of  the 
buildings  that  were  upreared  against  his  arrows  and  by 
those  who  sought  for  his  undoing. 

It  is  here  the  Piute  today  is  happiest  when  he  hunts  and 
fishes ;  here  he  has  his  days  of  work  and  play  days  ;  here 
he  lives,  and  loves,  and — yes,  bathes  ! 

Down  by  the  creek-edge,  sweet  with  the  breath  of  sweet- 
briar  and  mint  and  plum-bushes  abloom,  is  something  that 
attracts  your  unaccustomed  eye.  Bent  willows,  stripped  of 
their  branches  and  leaves,  have  been  thrust — each  end — 
arch-like,  into  the  ground,  forming  the  framework  of  a 
tiny  dome-shaped  structure  whose  uses  you  are  yet  to  learn. 
Willow  bands  hold  it  together— tied  at  their  crossings  with 
the  willow  hoops  with  thongs  of  buckskin  or  bits  of  bright 
cloth.     It  is  perhaps  four   feet  in  diameter—  not  more  than 


LO'S    TURKISH    BATH.  1' 

two  and  a  half  high.  In  one  side  has  been  left  an  opening- 
big-  enough  for  a  grown  person  to  crawl  through.  Its  floor 
is  smooth,  and  clean,  and  hard  ;  and  at  one  side  is  a  deep 
hollow — bowl-shaped.  There  are  some  large,  smooth  stones 
lying  near.  Such  is  Lo's  bathtub.  His  bathroom  is  the 
wide  sapphire  sk}^,  the  sage-scented  hills  below  and  the 
cedar-sweet  heights  above,  the  rim  of  the  silver  lake  at  one 
side,  the  ripple  of  running  water  at  the  other. 

It  might  be  worse. 

And  now  Lo,  himself,  comes  down  from  the  place  that  of 
old  knew   the  bugle   call ;  that  todav  is  echoing  to  child- 


^^ 

tS^^^^M":**;^-^ 

^  M:^ 

A  piutb:  "  s\vf;at-h()use." 


laughter.  When  he  reaches  the  framework  that  the  white 
man  has  named  for  him  "  a  sweat-house  "  he  unwraps  his 
blanket  from  his  bod)^  and  winds  it  about  the  willow  wee 
house,  fastening  it  down  tightly  everywhere  that  no  air 
may  pass  through,  except  at  the  very  small  doorwa3\  Then 
he  proceeds  to  build  a  fire  of  the  half-dead  roots  and 
branches  of  big  sagebrush  near  by.  Soon  he  has  a  great 
lot  of  red  coals,  and  into  them  he  places  the  big  smooth 
stones  that  were  lying  near  the  sweat-house.  Then,  while 
they  are  heating,  he  sits  on  his  heels,  and  looks  awav  off 
down  in  the  valley  toward  the  lake,  and  meditates — sits 
silent  and  motionless  as — well,  an  Indian.    Once  in  a  while 


18 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


A    I'lUTE    FAMILY. 


he  rouses  himself  to  add  more  fuel  to  the  campfire.  He 
has  not  forgfotten,  though  he  sits  so  still  3'ou  begin  to 
think  he  no  longer  remembers  what  he  came  down  here  to 
the  lovely  bloom-bordered  creek  for.  By  and  by  he  fills 
the  bowl-shaped  hollow  in  the  sweat-house  with  water 
from  the  creek  bringing  it  in  a  basket  marvelously  woven 
of  willows  l^y  some  woman  of  his  camp.  Then  at  last, 
when  the  stones  are  as  hot  as  the  tire  may  make  them,  they 
are  rolled  into  the  earth-bowl  of  water  there  is  a  hiss  of 
rising  steam  Lo's  raiment  droi)s  from  him  as  by  the  touch 
of  a  magic  wand,  and  he  stands  bronze-brown  and  naked 
as  when  (iod  made  him  then  he  stoops,  crouches,  and  has 
slipped  under  the  curtained  doorway,  that  is  now  tightly 
fastened,  and     Lo  is  taking  his  bath.     Bathing  himself  in 


THE    CALIFORNIA     THRASHER. 


19 


the  fashion  known  to  all  nations  as  the  most  thorough  and 
most  cleansing-. 

Lo  sta3^s  there  longer  than  his  white  brother  could  pos- 
sibly endure  those  clouds  of  uprising  hot  vapor  ;  so  long 
that  )^ou  fall  to  wondering  if  he  ma)^  not  have  succumbed 
to  that  suffocating  heat. 

But  no  ;  after  a  long,  a  very  long  time,  there  is  a  move- 
ment of  the  blanketed  doorway,  and  there  emerges  a  bronze 
statue,  a  statue  glistening  like  polished  copper  ;  Lo  comes 
forth  shining  with  the  perspiration  that  has  cleansed  every 
pore.  There  is  a  rush  to  the  creek's  edge — a  plunge  into  its 
deepest  pool  (ice-cold  from  the  melted  snows  that  go  toward 
its  filling),  and  when  Lo  comes  forth  his  body  is  all  aglow 
from  the  quickened  blood  that  now  courses  through  his 
veins,  and  made  fresh-skinned  and  clean  by  a  bath  that 
knows  no  betters. 

*'  Dirty  as  a  Piute  ?  "     Lo,  I  beg  your  pardon  ! 

Humboldt,  Nev. 


The  California  Thrasher. 

RY   ELIZABETH   AND   JOSEPH   GRINNELL. 

BIRD  in  the  hand  is  7wl  worth  two 
in  the  bush,  as  any  one  can  see 
by  the  indignation  in  his  eye  and 
the  contempt  of  his  whole  atti- 
tude. However,  if  one  can  man- 
age to  pick  up  a  California 
Thrasher  and  subject  him  to  the 
inquisition  of  the  camera  for  just 
one  minute  for  the  express  pur- 
pose of  giving  his  photograph  to 
the  Land  of  Sunshine  readers, 
he  makes  a  pretty  fair  picture. 
In  the  attempt  to  make  him  roost  upon  the  finger  against 
his  will,  the  long  legs  of  this  notorious  runner  are  invis- 
ible, but  this  disadvantage  is  more  than  offset  by  the  full 
evidence  of  his  magnificent  beak,  which  is  as  strong  as  it 
is  gracefully  curved.  The  upper  parts  of  this  bird  are  a 
uniform  dark,  brownish  grey,  tail  slightly  darker  than  the 
back;  throat  whitish;  breast,  brownish  grey,  merging  into 
the  pale  cinnamon  brown  of  the  belly,  while  the  beak  is 
black.  He  impresses  one  as  well  dressed,  even  to  the  tip  of 
his  long  black  toes.  Nature's  own  devotee  is  he,  for  he 
scorns  the  habitations  of  man  and  all  of  man's  cultivated 
lands,  though  it  is  believed  that  an  individual  of  such  agri- 
cultural tendencies  as  himself  will  one  day  become  the 
California  ranchers'  sworn  and  affectionate  ally.  At  present 


20  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

his  home  is  always  in  the  chaparral.  From  the  Sacra- 
mento Valley  to  California's  southernmost  hem  this 
thrasher  is  abundant.  His  highest  perch  may  be  the  top- 
most twig-  of  a  buckthorn,  or  the  tapering-  finger  of  a  scrub 
oak,  not  a  high  pedestal  to  be  sure,  but  it  answers  the  pur- 
pose of  a  stage  for  the  little  singer.  And  how  he  sings  ! 
His  notes  are  variable,  being  composed  of  snatches  of  bor- 
rowed music,  and  yet  so  soft  and  beautiful  that  they  seem 
distinctly  his  own.  He  sings  on  for  hours,  especially  in  the 
early  morning,  without  regard  to  breakfast,  until  he  feels 
the  pangs  of  hunger,  such  pangs  no  doubt  being  accentu- 
ated b}'  the  faint  movement  of  the  dr}-  leaves  under  the 
perch  of  the  singer.  And  then  the  musician  becomes  the 
common  drudge  for  daily  bread,  the  "Adam  in  the  garden," 
the  ordinary  farmer  who  must  grub  for  a  living.  And  he 
knows  where  and  how  to  make  the  best  of  the  situation. 
If  it  were  possible  to  domesticate  the  California  Thrasher 
it  would  rival  the  farmyard  fowls  in  a  raid  on  the  pansy 
beds  ;  for  of  all  birds  that  love  to  scratch  and  dig  in  loose 
light  soil,  the  thrasher  would  take  the  medal.  His  long, 
curved  bill  was  made  on  purpose  to  investigate  the  retreat 
of  grub  and  larvce,  and  woe  be  to  an}'  insect  of  edible 
virtue  which  comes  within  his  reach  !  He  digs  holes  in 
the  ground  just  for  fun,  if  there  be  no  food  in  sight,  and 
would  no  doubt  bore  for  oil,  were  it  not  that  he  is  neither  a 
capitalist  nor  a  broker.  In  captivity  this  inclination  to  dig 
holes  in  something  with  his  marvelous  beak  still  is  his, 
and  so  he  is  given  a  stale  loaf  of  bread  wherein  he  pecks  to 
his  heart's  content.  A  break  in  the  plastering  on  the  wall 
once  discovered,  the  bird  never  forgets  its  exact  location 
and  keeps  on  at  his  "calling."  With  him  the  instinct  that 
treasure  is  always  buried  has  made  him  almost  a  genius. 

During  July  and  August  the  thrasher  moults  and  then 
only  is  his  voice  unheard.  After  breakfast,  and  his  usual 
exercise,  he  mounts  to  his  twig  again  and  sings.  If  inter- 
rupted by  the  approach  of  a  stranger  he  does  not  fly  but 
simply  drops  out  of  sight  on  the  side  of  the  bush  or  tree 
opposite  the  intruder. 

If  not  followed,  the  bird  runs  along  to  the  next  bush, 
where  he  hops  up  through  the  foliage  to  the  topmost  twig 
and  goes  on  with  his  music.  If  pursued,  he  does  not  take 
long  Mights,  but  runs  swiftly,  as  only  a  road  runner  (be- 
sides himself)  can  run.  Nor  does  he  go  over  the  tops  of 
bushes,  but  around  and  between  them,  always  keeping  out 
of  sight.  If  by  lucky  chance  the  observer  does  catch  a 
glimpse  of  him,  his  body  will  be  seen  tilted  slightly  for- 
ward and  his  tail  at  an  angle  of  35°. 

The  California  Thrasher  nests  as  early  as  the  hummer. 


THE    CALIFORNIA     THRASHER. 


21 


eggs  being"  found  from  December  until  June.  The  eggs 
are  three  in  number,  not  unlike  those  of  the  robin,  but 
spotted  with  brown  above  the  brig-ht  blue  of  the  ground. 
The  nests  are  not  works  of  hig-h  art,  for  the}-  consist  of  a 
platform  of  ang-ular  twigs,  with  a  more  neatl}^  molded 
saucer-shaped  lining  of  dr}^  rootlets  and  horsehair.  The 
nests  are  placed  among-  the  branches  of  bushes  two  or  three 
feet  above  the  ground.     Though   the  bird  is  ordinarilv   a 


THK    CAI^IFORNIA   THRASHER. 

sh3^  one,  it  can  be  almost  touched  when  surprised  on  the 
nest ;  then  she  slips  silently  away  and  the  intruder  must 
wait  a  long-  while  before  he  sees  her  again.  Be  he  a  true 
son  of  Mother  Nature,  he  will  bide  his  time  in  the  shadow 
of  the  chaparral,  even  thoug-h  he  be  late  to  camp  and 
hungry  for  his  supper ;  for  well  he  knows  she  will  return. 
And  there  is  a  fascination  in  the  waiting:. 


Pasadena,  Cal 


22 

An  Undesirable  Immigrant."^ 

BY    LUCY    ROBINSON 

N  describing"  the  manners  and  customs  of 
the  mongoose,  as  I  knew  him  in  Jamaica, 
I  shall  try  to  treat  with  fairness  that  na- 
tive of  Hindostan  ;  not  forgetting-  to  pay 
tribute  to  his  marvelous  courage,  sur- 
passing, it  seems  to  me,  that  of  any  other 
animal  not  more  than  double  his  size. 
Often  from  the  veranda  of  our  bunga- 
low we  watched  him  running  along  the  bluff,  resembling 
in  color,  shape,  and  leanness  a  common  red  squirrel,  but, 
like  the  grey  ground-squirrel  of  California,  confining  his 
exploits  to  le?'ra  Jirma. 

On  the  other  hand,  his  running,  instead  of  a  series  of 
squirrel  leaps,  is  a  stealthy  trot  like  the  tread  of  a  sober- 
minded  cat,  without  loping  or  prancing.  The  mongoose 
moreover  holds  his  bushy  red  tail  straight  out  behind  him, 
never  letting  it  curl  over  his  back  like  a  squirrel's. 

After  we  had  once  or  twice  observed  the  sharp-nosed, 
ferretlike  animal  furtively  crossing  the  promontory  below 
our  rookery,  we  began  to  understand  why  the  roosters,  the 
hens  and  their  broods  so  often  in  broad  daylight  came 
dashing  back,  as  if  panic-stricken,  from  the  cliff  overhang- 
ing the  Caribbean.  We  understood  why  a  handsome  hen, 
that  started  out  the  day  before  with  a  dozen  newly-hatched 
chickens,  now  had  only  eleven,  the  next  da}^  only  nine,  and 
so  on,  till  of  all  her  promising  brood  only  a  solitary  chicken 
responded  to  her  despairing  cluck. 

In  taking  up  our  abode  at  Savanna  Point,  on  the  north- 
east coast  of  Jamaica,  we  found  ourselves  in  the  heart  of 
the  original  mongoose  quarter ;  for  it  was  at  the  estate  im- 
mediately adjoining  our  lonely  cocoanut  walk  that  the 
animal  was  first  introduced  from  India.  In  1872,  with  a 
view  to  exterminating  the  cane-destroying  rat,  a  native — 
somewhat  imaginative — Jamaican,  Hon.  Bancroft  Espeut, 
proprietor  of  Spring  (larden  estate,  and  a  man  of  consider- 
able ability,  at  one  time  member  of  the  Legislative  Council 
of  the  island,  procured  two  pairs  of  mongooses,  and  turned 
them  loose  upon  his  plantation.  Rats  were  doing  serious 
mischief  to  young  cocoanuts,  by  climbing  the  palm-trees 
and  nibbling  or  breaking  off  the  immature  fruit.  Girdling 
the  trees  with  inverted  tin  pans  failed  to  keep  the  rats 
from  ascending  ;  but  it  was  thought  that  the  mongoose, 
which  does  not  shirk  from  an  encounter  with   the  Indian 


troyer 


*AprAno8  of  an  effort  to  introduce  the  mouifoose  in  this  State  as  a  pest-des- 
rer.-  Ed. 


AN    UNDESIRABLE    IMMIGRANT. 


23 


cobra,  would  soon  make  an  end  of  the  common  vermin  of 
the  West  Indies. 

The  two  pairs  imported  in  1872  flourished  and  multiplied, 
till  their  progeny  had  spread  its  conquests  to  all  parts  of 
the  island.  For  a  time,  the  newcomers  enjoyed  such  high 
favor,  and  were  in  such  demand,  that  boys  who  entrapped 
and  offered  them  for  sale  often  received  a  guinea  a  pair  for 
them.  Like  many  other  animals  distinguished  for  courage 
and  daredeviltry,  my  hero  is  lacking  in  shrewdness,  and 
therefore  easily  captured.  This  defect  has  wellnigh  sealed 
the  doom  now  hanging  over  his  devoted  head  ;  for  the  pest 


"  MEAT    FOR    THE   MONGOOSE." 

he  was  called  in  to  exterminate  is  more  than  a  m^tch  for 
him  in  cunning.  Discovering  that  their  arch-enemy's  vic- 
tories were  always  won  by  daylight;  that  his  home  was  a 
hole  in  the  ground;  that  he  was  no  climber,  and  never 
prowled  at  night,  the  rats  simply  withdrew  to  the  treetops, 
making  them  nests  among  the  growing  cocoanuts,  and 
jeering,  no  doubt,  at  the  mongoose,  as  the  kid  reviled  the 
wolf  in  the  fable.  Only  at  night,  when  the  low-caste  In- 
dian is  sleeping,  do.  the  rats  venture  to  descend  and  pursue 
their   usual   investigations    in    the   canefield   or   domestic 


24  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

sugrar-barrel.  At  this  writing  they  are  only  less  at  peace 
with  the  monj^oose  than  are  the  blacks  of  Jamaica  with  the 
coolies  imported  in  such  numbers  from  India.  But  this  ad- 
justment of  the  matter  is  not  pleasing-  to  the  planter.  Since 
the  monj^oose  completed  the  destruction  of  the  snakes  that 
formerly  infested  Jamaica,  and  turned  his  attention  to  the 
poultry,  the  tide  has  turned  ag-ainst  him,  and  all  land- 
owners are  interested  in  his  extermination.  If  the  intrepid 
little  hero  could  plead  his  own  cause,  he  would  doubtless 
arjfuc  that  he  had  been  invited  to  Jamaica  on  false  pre- 
tenses. That  he  is  the  St.  Patrick  of  the  island  is  estab- 
lished beyond  a  peradventure.  Durin«r  our  nine  months  on 
the  north  coast,  we  went  daily  into  the  deepest  jungle 
without  dread  of  reptiles  ;  nor  did  we  come  upon  anything- 
distantl}'  resembling  a  serpent;  save  now  and  then  a 
harmless  lizard  of  rich  brown  or  brightest  emerald,  that 
ran  up  and  down  the  veranda,  and  had  a  plate  of  crumbs 
all  to  himself  at  afternoon  tea.  This  is  an  island  formerly 
abounding  in  snakes,  as  its  neighbors — notably  Martinique 
— still  abound,  making  it  perilous  to  set  foot  in  the  public 
parks. 

But  no  sooner  had  the  mongoose  dealt  with  the  snakes 
as  with  the  i)r()phets  of  Baal,  letting  not  one  of  them  es- 
cape him,  than  it  was  found  that  he  was  also  something 
of  a  bird  and  L^iXii;  fancier.  Birds  are  now  dwindling- 
alarmingly  in  number  and  variety, —  and  who  devours 
their  eggs  if  not  the  ul)i(iuitous  mongoose? 

On  our  cocoanut  walk  his  ravages  were  so  heartil)'  de- 
tested that  a  daily  traj)  was  set  for  him  ;  and  not  a  week 
passed  without  a  chorus  of  barks  from  Foxy  and  O/r-de- 
Lion,  announcing  the  capture  of  a  mongoose,  and  their 
expectation  that  he  would  instantly  be  turned  loose  under 
their  noses.  What  joy  to  pounce  upon  the  wiry  little 
fellow,  who  was  game  to  the  last,  spitting  and  strik- 
ing out  right  and  left,  wheeling  and  doubling  with 
such  incredible  skill  that  once  or  twice  he  escaped  al- 
together from  the  clutches  of  men  and  dogs  Once, 
when  we  thought  nothing  could  save  him  from  being  torn 
to  pieces,  changing  his  ordinary  gait  to  a  frantic  sidewise 
jumj),  he  darted  under  a  ])ile  of  dry  palm-fronds,  to  which 
the  head-coolie  applied  a  match,  in  hope  of  tiring  him  out  ; 
the  dogs  meanwhile  standing  nonplussed  in  front  of  the 
blazing  heap.  As  he  made  no  demonstration,  and  could 
not  be  discovered  when  the  heap  had  been  reduced  to  ashes, 
we  concluded  that  he  must  have  escaped  by  digging-  a 
hole  and  burying  himself  deep  in  the  ground. 

We  once  caught  two  mongooses  within  a  few  hours  of 
each    other,    and    placed    them    in    a    hastily-constructed 


AN    UNDESIRABLE    IMMIGRANT.  2^ 

prison.  We  administered  to  them,  all  at  once,  an  en- 
tire famil}"  of  five  rats,  caug"ht  in  one  trap  on  the  precedinijf 
nig-ht.  These  the}-  dispatched  one  at  a  time,  each  with  a 
single  bite  in  the  nape  of  the  neck,  devouring-  them  with 
fiendish  energy. 

The}^  also  partook  cheerfully  of  the  bananas  we  laid  at 
their  feet ;  but  such  was  their  fierceness  and  activity  that 
to  tame  them  or  even  to  take  a  photograph  of  them  was  an 
impossibilitv. 

Like  most  persons  under  suspicion,  the  mong-oose  is  prob- 
ably the  victim  of  many  libels.     I  have  seen  it  stated   that 


A    SCENE   IN    JAMAICA. 


he  attacked  pigs  and  kittens  ;  yet  so  far  as  I  know,  he  never 
carried  off  one  of  the  wolfish  kittens  or  sucking  swine  that 
swarmed  at  Savanna  Point. 

Further  knowledge  of  the  mong-oose — no  less  accurate 
than  entertaining- — ma}-  be  found  in  Kipling's  first  "Jungle 
Book,"  the  mongoose  of  Jamaica  being  the  identical 
Rikki-Tikki-tavi  of  that  thrilling-  narrative.  In  fact, 
Rikki-tikki-tck-tck  is  what  the  diabolical  little  animal 
actually  sa3^s,  with  his  red  e3^es  blazing-,  the  incarnation  of 
hatred  and  race-prejudice,  all  hisses  and  curses  ;  for  I  am 
convinced  that  in  his  own  languag-e  he  curses,  swears  and 


26  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

blasphemes  in  one  breath.  But  I  have  endeavored  to  g"ive 
him  his  due.  In  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  where  the  ques- 
tion of  shipping  my  hero  to  San  Francisco*  is  now  under 
discussion,  there  is  a  bounty  on  his  head.  The  reader  may 
draw  his  own  conclusions  as  to  whether  the  animal  is  a 
proper  candidate  for  naturalization  in  California. 


■^^s^WMjts. 


Miss  Constance  Goddard  Du  Bois,  whose 
striking-  novel  of  Southern  California  (first 
published  as  a  serial  in  these  pages)  has  just 
been  brought  out  by  Stone,  is  a  typical  New 
England  woman.  She  has  handled  a  difficult 
story  with  quiet,  precise  yet  earnest  touch  ; 
and  the  outcome  does  honor  to  her  head  and 
heart.  Her  local  color  is  accurate  almost  be- 
yond comparison  with  any  other  fiction  which 
has  Southern 


California  as 
a  field.  Less 
impulsive 
and  inspired 
than  Helen 
Hunt,  whose 
/^  a  m  o  n  a 
stands  alone, 
she  wholly 
avoids  Mrs. 
Hunt's  too  frequent  blun- 
ders of  minor  detail  ;  and 
her  general  picture  is 
quite  as  true  in  its  hu- 
manity. Its  love  episode 
is  a  nobler  one,  if  not  so 
compelling,  withal  ;  for 
it  crosses  a  deei)er  gulf 
the  impossible  gulf  of 
race-prejudice.        But     so 


CONSTANCK   GODDARD   DU    BOIS. 

rboto.  hy  r.  F.  L. 


*It  has  bt*en  forbidden  by  the  Treasury  Department. 


IN     WESTERN    LETTERS.  27 

far  as  truthfulness  to  fact  and  nature  goes, 
A  Soul  in  Br'onze  is  the  peer  of  Ramona  ; 
and  fiction  thoug"h  it  be,  very  few  sermons 
are  as  true  as  Rcmiona. 

Miss  Du  Bois,  who  has  written  The 
Shield  of  the  Fleur  de  Lis  and  several 
other  books  of  esteem,  is  at  home  in 
Waterbur}^  Conn.;  but  spends  her  summers 
in  California  in  earnest  efforts  to  relieve 
the  Mission  Indians,  who  are  cruelly 
crowded  to  the  wall. 

FLORENCK  FINCH  KELLY.  ^lorence  Fiuch  Kelly,  whose  rousing- 
story  of  New  Mexico,  With  Hoops  of  Steel,  was  noticed  in 
these  pages  last  month,  is  a  3'oung  looking  and  sensitive- 
faced  woman — upon  whom  this  her  latest  photograph  seems 
to  me  a  libel,  for  in  fact  she  looks  ver}^  like  a  wild  rose. 
She  was  born  in  Illinois,  but  grew  up  in  Kansas  and  grad- 
uated at  the  State  University  at  Lawrence.  After  grad- 
uation she  went  at  once  into  newspaper  work,  briefly  in 
Chicago,  then  in  Boston ;  and  was  for  three  )^ears  an  active 
editorial  writer  on  the  Boston  Globe,  as  well  as  art  critic. 
Through  a  presidential  campaign  she  had  entire  charge  of 
the  Troy,  N.  Y.,  Telegrajn  editorial  page.  Then  she  mar- 
ried Allen  Kelly,  a  well  known  newspaper  man  who  had  been 
co-laborer  with  her  on  the  Boston  Globe.  They  started  a 
weekly  paper  in  Lowell,  Mass. ;  then  (those  who  have  started 
weeklies  may  supply  the  gap  before  the  next  word)  went  to 
Pall  River.  Then  newspapering  in  New  York  and  San 
Francisco,  and  then  to  the  New  Mexico  sojourn.  From  the 
cowboy  belt  the}^  came  to  Los  Angeles,  where  for  about  a 
year  Mr.  Kelly  was  city  editor  of  the  Ti^nes,  and  Mrs. 
Kelly  its  literary  editor,  as  well  as  an  active  staff  writer. 
They  have  roughed  it  a  good  deal  together  in  the  Rockies 
and  the  California  Sierra.  Both  are  now  in  Philadelphia, 
where  Mr.  Kell}"  is  an  editorial  writer  on  the  North  A?neri- 
can,  and  Mrs.  Kelly  an  occasional  contributor.  She 
reckons  herself  "  a  Kansan,  more  than  anything  else." 

* 
*  * 

From  cowboys  to  child-study  is  a  good  rifle-shot ;  but 
Western  sights  are  adjustable  for  all  ranges.  When  any- 
thing whatsoever  needs  doing,  there  is  a  Westerner  to  do  it. 

Miss  Milicent  W.  Shinn  (sister  of  our  own  Chas.  Howard 
Shinn)  is  a  native  Californian,  born  in  Niles  where  she  and 
her  brother  still  live  ;  a  graduate  and  Ph.  D.  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  California,  and  for  several  years  editor  of  the  Over- 
land Monthly  when  it  was  a  magazine.     For  several  years 


28  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

she  has  been  gfoingf  deepl)'  into  j^enetic  pS3xholog-y,  after 
the  lines  of  Preyer  ;  observing-  and  recording  minutely  the 
unfolding-  development  of  the  mind  and  body  of  her  brother's 
baby  Ruth.  Her  book,  YViC  Biography  of  a  Baby,  just 
issued  by  Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co.,  is  an  important  con- 
tribution to  the  scant  literature  of  that  intimate  problem 
which  is  on  every  home  blackboard,  but  is  so  rarely  at- 
tempted to  be  solved.     And  it  is  an  interesting  record, 'as 

well  as  a  scholarl}"  one. 

* 

Charles  and  Louise  Keeler — whose  new  book,  written  by 
him,  decorated  by  her,  is  noticed  on  another  page  —  are 
on  a  cruise  to  "Tahiti  and  way' stations "  in  the  South 
Seas.  

'  A  Sage-Brush  Oasis. 

OR  several  years  a  pretty  sure  welcome  has  been 
standing-  in  this  office  for  MSS.  in  blue  covers  in  a 
firm,  round    tist  and  with    the  postmark  "Hum- 
boldt, Nev." — if  you  chance  to  know  where  that 
dot  of  the  map  is  on  "  yan  "  slope  of  the  Sierra. 
These   stories   and   sketches   are  of   the  literary 
merit  which  inheres  in  directness,  sincerity  and 
impulse.     It  is  not  too  much  to  call  them  well 
written — but  even  more,  they  are  well  felt.    They 
are  earnest  and  honest  work  ;  and  of  an  excellent 
sympathy  and  strength.     A  harassed  editor  often  wishes  he  had  to 
read  no  MS.  less  like  dried  cod  than  the  alive  contributions  signed 
Idah  M.  Strobridge. 

Up  on  that  remote  and  beautiful  mountain  ranch,  a  long  way  out 
of  the  world — as  the  world  wobbles  now — this  ranchwoman  of  the 
sage-brush  is  turning  her  own  competent  hands  to  several  good  uses. 
Aside  from  the  big  ranch  on  the  Humboldt,  she  has  a  gold  mine  up 
in  the  caiion — and  there  is  no  tenderfoot  overseer.  And  as  house- 
keeping and  mining  and  ranching  are  not  enough  for  a  really  active 
spirit,  and  as  writing  is  only  half  enough  recreation,  Mrs.  Strobridge 
has  plunged  as  heartily  into  book-binding.  Not  as  a  fad,  nor  yet 
commercially;  but,  so  far  as  can  be  seen,  for  pure  love  of  work  worth 
while.  And  though  this  sage-brush  artisan  has  been  studying  out 
this  exigent  trade  by  herself,  off  there  in  the  wilderness,  her 
work  is  emphatically  worth  while.  A  commercial-bound  book  looks 
cheap  beside  her  staunch  and  honest  and  tasteful  bindings ;  and 
when  I  have  a  book  that  merits  to  endure  longer  than  the  commer- 
cial binds  can  make  it,  off  it  goes  to  Humboldt— and  never  in  vain. 
The  old  tomes  on  my  shelves  will  last  as  well — the  books  bound  from 
one  to  four  centuries  ago  but  practically  none  of  the  modern  ones 
will  keep  their  jackets  so  long. 

The  "Artemisia  Bindery  "  (for  so  Mrs.  Strobridge  merrily  calls  her 
home  work-and-play-shop)  is  not  open  for  business.  If  it  were,  it 
would  have  its  hands  full  since  there  are  still  people  who  care  less  for 
a  $50  binding  on  a  dollar  book  than  they  do  for  good  books  bound 
with  so  much  honesty  and  sincerity  as  are  most  rare  now.  Her  bind- 
ing is  Love's  Labor  Won.  One  of  the  oldest  and  most  famous  binders 
in  the  United  States  told  me  he  did  not  believe  a  book  I  showed  him 
from  her  hands  could  be  more  substantially  bound  anywhere. 


m 

A    SAGE-BRUSH    OASIS. 


29 


THK    S?:WTNG-PRKSS. 


THE    TvYING-PRESS. 

IN  THE  ARTEMISIA  BINDERY. 


THE    BINDER. 


32  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

The  Artemisia  Bindery,  in  an  attic  of  the  big  ranch-house,  is  almost 
entirely  home-made — as  is  the  binder's  skill.  It  seems  to  me  a  very 
interesting-  achievement  in  every  way,  that  of  this  plucky  and  able 
woman.  The  wonder  is  not  that  a  woman  should  bind  books — for 
many  do  so — but  that  anyone  should  bind  them  so  adequately. 


The  Wind's  Will 

BY  GRACE   BLLERY  CHANNINO 

[concluded.] 

HE  Professor's  pale  cheeks  grew  scarlet.  He 
lifted  his  eyes  cautiously;  Tom  was  gone,  so 
was  the  bowl  of  roses.  There  could  be  nothing-, 
in  the  fullfilment  of  his  expressed  wish*  to  in- 
cense so  reasonable  a  person  ;  therefore  it  must 
have  been  some  memor}-  of  his  nephew's  imper- 
tinence which  animated  him  to  thrust  aside 
papers,  instruments,  pamphlets  and  chair  in 
rapid  succession  and  fall  to  pacing  the  room 
impatiently. 

An  hour  later,  when  he  descended  to  dinner, 
one  may  suppose  a  raging  of  wings  in  the 
eagle's  nest,  a  rattling  of  glass  lips  and  hold- 
ing up  of  wooden  hands  to  heaven  ;  for  the 
first  time  in  the  histor}-  of  the  weather  shelter, 
the  Professor  had  neglected  to  take  his  obser- 
vation ! 

A  slight  constraint  reig-ned  at  the  dinner 
table.  Elisabeth  was  a  trifle  distant  in  her 
manner  to  the  Professor,  but  very  gay  with 
Tom,  in  whose  buttonhole  the  Oloire  Lyonnaise 
retained  its  i)lace.  The  air  coming  in  from  the 
rose-garden  irritated  the  Professor's  nerves 
more  than  ever  ;  he  pushed  away  the  plates  of  luscious  mel- 
ons and  let  the  nectarines,  plums  and  peaches  go  untasted. 
Was  it  possible,  he  wondered,  that  Tom,  who  was  very 
indiscreet,  might  have  told  Miss  Elisabeth  what  he  had 
said  of  the  roses  ?  And  if  so,  Tom  was  wholly  capable  of 
ignoring  that  it  was  she  who  put  the  flowers  there.  The 
Professor  started  up  precipitately  and  left  the  room. 

"Lord,  forgive  him,"  groaned  Tom  ;  ''he  is  getting  to 
be  an  al)solute  crank." 

"I  don't  think  Professor  Dahlgren  is  well,"  said  Elisa- 
beth's mother  kindly.      '*He  used  not  to  be  so — so" 

*' Insufl'erable,"  supplied  Tom.  ''What  can  you  expect, 
living  as  he  does  at  his  age  ?  He  is  only  thirty-eight  after 
all.  But  he  never  wasyoung^;  he  was  born  old  a  mummy 
in  his  cradle.     Now  one  good  game  of  tennis — such  as  you 


THE    WIND'S    WILL.  33 

and  I  are  going-  to  play,  Miss  Elisabeth,  as  soon  as  I  have 
eaten  this  peach — would  make  a  new  man  of  him." 

The  Professor,  meanwhile,  out  on  the  veranda  before  the 
instruments  and  seeing-  nothing,  told  himself  it  was  dys- 
pepsia ;  but  when  he  heard  the  others  approaching  he  re- 
treated abruptly  to  the  house-top. 

The  two,  looking  up  from  the  tennis-court,  beheld  him 
seated  upon  the  low  balcony,  his  chin  supported  on  one 
hand,  his  face  a  little  raised,  the  profile  visible  against  the 
singularly  blue  sky,  like  a  fine  cameo  cut  upon  the  living 
sapphire. 

'  Poor  old  chap  I  "   remarked  his  nephew  with  a  shrug. 

"Ah,"  exclaimed  Elisabeth,  "you  are  wrong;  he  is 
younger  than  any  of  us."  And  the  rest  of  the  afternoon 
there  was  a  certain  shadow  in  her  eyes ;  perhaps  she  be- 
grudged that  anything  should  be  )^ounger  than  she. 

And  the  Professor,  what  was  he  dreaming  up  there  on 
the  shores  of  that  atmospheric  ocean. whose  waves,  invisible 
to  an  eye  less  fine,  he  beheld  rising  and  falling  ?  To  others 
it  presented  nothing  more  than  the  luminous  surface  of 
blue,  a  Californian  sky  at  midsummer,  the  most  constant 
of  all  the  skies  that  are,  which  one  might  watch  from  dawn 
to  dusk  and  behold  no  mutation  except  a  paling  of  the  blue 
at  noon  as  by  the  drawing  a  golden  veil  between  it  and  the 
eye,  or  a  deepening  of  the  blue  at  evening  when  the  golden 
veil  was  withdrawn.  But  to  the  Professor  its  unseen  tides 
were  visible,  the  silent  sweep  of  its  currents,  its  eddying 
spirals,  the  rapid  fury  of  the  cyclone  with  its  calm  and  ter- 
rible blue  eye  —  both  wind  and  light  were  clear  to  his  vis- 
ion. That  ocean  wore  no  veil  for  him,  but  it  still  possessed 
secrets  ;  there  lay  its  charm.  To  rein  those  wind  forces,  to 
chain  the  air,  to  drive  and  subdue  and  compel  the  uncom- 
pelled — that  longing  possessed  him  as  the  passion  for  the 
sea  does  the  sailor.  Trouble  fell  away  from  him  ;  time 
ceased  to  exist  for  the  lonely  scientist  in  the  hours  in  which 
he  sat  there  like  Kepler,  thinking  the  thoughts  of  God 
after  him. 

Across  the  waves  of  that  air-ocean,  borne  to  his  ear  by 
them  as  the  sea  might  cast  a  mocking  shell  up  on  the  shore 
at  a  watcher's  feet,  came  the  clash  of  tennis-racquets  col- 
liding and  a  burst  of  laughter.  The  Professor  started  and 
looked  down  into  upturned  faces  flushed  with  merriment,  a 
poise  of  swift  arrested  figures  brilliant  with  youth  and  en- 
ergy, and  the  sky  shut  down  blankly,  pale  and  cold,  an 
opaque  blue  sheet  as  others  saw  it,  before  him.  He  felt  all 
at  once  old,  and  turned  away. 

"I  am  afraid,"  said  Elisabeth  with  compunction,  "we 
disturb  his  studies." 


34  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

"If  we  could,^^  replied  Tom  with  energy,  **  it  would  be 
doing  him  a  little  favor ;  but  it  isn't  his  studies  that  are 
disturbed." 

Elisabeth  was  examining-  the  strings  of  her  racquet  criti- 
cally.    *' Perhaps  it  is  the  climate,"  she  said  slowly. 

*' Perhaps."     Tom  was  not  examining  his  racquet. 

'*  Or  the  roses  ?     They  seem  to  annoy  him." 

"You  can't  think  how  they  annoy  him,"  Tom  replied 
drily.  "This  one  in  my  buttonhole,  for  instance.  He  calls 
it  a  Gloire  Lyonnaise,  by  the  way." 

Elisabeth  removed  her  eyes  from  the  racquet  and  opened 
them  widely. 

"Gloire  Lyonnaise  !     Why,  its  a  common  cabbage-rose  !" 

"  It  might  be  a  common  cabbage ;  all  is  one  to  the  mind 
of  science  when  affected  by — er — climate."  Here  Tom 
batted  a  ball  over  the  net  so  fiercely  that  it  lost  itself  in 
the  rose  garden. 

"2??w  needn't  destroy  my  roses,"  said  Elisabeth  reproach- 
fully. "After  all,  if  your  uncle  dislikes  them,  he  has  a 
right  to  the  taste  or  distate.  When  a  man  has  done  so 
much  as  he  has,  he  can  afford  a  few  eccentricities." 

"He  has  done  pretty  well,  for  a  fact;  written  at  least 
two  books  so  learned  nobody  but  himself  can  understand 
them,  and  got  no  end  of  the  alphabet  tacked  to  his  name, 
but  what  good  does  that  do  him  ?  He  doesn't  know  enough 
to  take  care  of  himself  even  ;  in  fact,  as  I  told  him  today, 
he  needs — "     Tom  paused  abruptly. 

"He  needs,"  repeated  the  girl  innocently. 

"A  guardian.  I  was  about  to  say  a  wife,  but  it  occurred 
to  me  it's  a  man's  business  to  take  care  of  his  wife."  The 
young  fellow  straightened  himself  as  he  said  it  and  looked 
squarely  at  the  girl. 

She  made  no  reply,  but  Tom,  watching  keenly  as  she 
stooped  to  pick  up  a  ball  with  her  racquet,  saw  a  swift, 
pink  blossom  in  the  cheek  turned  toward  him. 

"It  is  too  warm  to  play  another  set,"  said  Elisabeth, 
walking  away  toward  the  house. 

Tom  felt  a  pang  of  something  akin  to  remorse  as  he 
followed. 

"Perhaps  I  need  not  have  said  it,"  he  thought,  "but  I 
can't  help  it  now.  Why  doesn't  he  take  his  own  part — 
like  a  man  I  " 

He  was  extremely,  almost  remorsefully,  affectionate  to 
his  uncle  in  the  days  ensuing,  which  somehow  tried  the 
nerves  of  the  Professor  to  the  last  degree.  He  attributed 
this  to  the  dryness  of  the  atmosphere  acting  as  a  nerve- 
irritant.  The  uninterrupted  sun,  under  whose  beams  no 
dog  had  ever. been  known  to  go  mad,  he  concluded  might 


THE    WIND'S    WILL.  35 

nourish  something-  approaching-  dementia  in  the  human 
being.  The  obvious  fact  was  that  he  suffered,  and  there 
was  nothing-  but  the  climate  to  hold  responsible  for  his  suf- 
ferings. As  day  succeeded  day,  golden  and  glowing  from 
dawn  to  dark,  and  night  followed  night,  cool,  fragrant  and 
filled  with  the  song  of  mocking-birds  singing  all  night  long- 
in  Elisabeth's  garden,  the  Professor's  malady  waxed,  and 
he  longed  for  any  kind  of  a  change. 

It  came. 

One  morning  the  Professor  turned  his  tired  eyes  eastward 
and  the  valley  was  full  of  golden  dust.  Distant  shapes  of 
San  Jacinto  and  San  Bernardino  were  not ;  only  the  near 
Sierras  loomed  vaguely  through  a  golden  mist  which  bil- 
lowed at  their  feet.  Presently  a  soft  scurrying  wind  began 
to  blow,  in  fitful  gusts  at  first  which  did  nothing  but  whirl 
the  eucalyptus  leaves  and  lift  the  loose  earth  in  handfulls  ; 
the  air  was  warm,  the  sky  intensely  blue.  When  the  Pro- 
fessor came  down  stairs  the  house  was  already  softly  in- 
vaded with  a  filmy  coat  of  gray. 

"It  is  the  Santa  Ana,"  said  Elisabeth.  "Once  in  two 
or  three  years  only  we  get  it  here.     See  how  it  comes  1 " 

As  she  spoke,  a  steady  wind  began  to  blow.  Presently 
you  could  lean  against  it.  A  little  later,  the  whirl  of 
leaves  and  driving  of  dust  clouded  the  vision,  and  still  the 
steady  wind  continued  to  blow  out  of  the  intensely  blue  sky. 
The  valley  itself  went  next :  there  remained  only  a  blue  and 
gold  nearness  through  which  the  wind,  going  like  a  broom 
over  every  inch  of  road,  made  a  clean  sweep,  leaving  the 
ground  hard  as  a  parlor  floor  behind  and  brushing  the  litter 
of  pepper  berries,  leaves  and  bark  into  corners  and  borders, 
like  a  careful  housewife.  Then  the  tall  trees  began  to 
bow;  the  eucalyptus  bent  double,  but  the  stiff er  pepper  re- 
sisted till  crack  went  its  boughs.  Stately  amid  all  the  wild 
dance,  the  Italian  cypress  on  the  lawn  swa3^ed  and  nodded 
its  lofty  tip  like  a  gigantic  funeral  plume. 

The  Professor,  clinging  with  both  hands  to  what  migfht 
be  nearest  from  time  to  time,  made  his  way  down  to  the 
office  for  the  mail  with  its  eternal  Weather  Map.  The 
vigor  of  the  storm  acted  upon  him  like  wine.  It  blew  his 
hair  and  whipped  the  color  to  his  cheeks  and  lips,  and  he 
found  himself  laughing  for  pleasure  as  he  battled  onward. 
There  is  something  infinitely  exhilarating  in  these  sun-lit 
storms,  when  the  landscape  goes  on  its  mad  dance  all  in 
blue  and  gold  about  one.  Tom  and  Elisabeth  stood  on  the 
lawn,  with  glowing  faces  and  ruffled  hair,  watching  the 
swaying  and  bending*  and  tossing,  wondering-  what  would 
be  next  to  go.  Up  above  on  the  roof  the  weather  shelter 
cracked  and  swayed. 


36  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

*'  If  that  doesn't  go,  it's  a  wonder,"  remarked  Tom.  And 
then  hearing  the  hoofs  of  Elisabeth's  bronco,  he  ran  to  the 
little  barn — as  slender  in  construction  as  a  Japanese  house 
— to  make  sure  Diavolo  and  the  wind  together  had  still  left 
it  standing. 

When  he  returned  Elisabeth  was  gone.  He  ran  hastily 
around  the  house  to  look  for  her.  On  every  side  the  living 
green  things  were  writhing  and  twisting  and  snapping. 
Head  on  to  the  blast,  Tom  ran  fairly  into  his  uncle  who 
was  driven  on  before  it,  breathless  and  brilliant  with  the 
elemental  strife. 

*'  Hullo,"  shouted  Tom,  *'  have  you  seen  Miss  Elisabeth  ? 
I  left  her  out  here." 

*'I've  seen  nothing,"  the  Professor  shouted  back,  when 
crack  went  a  giant  eucalyptus  bough  across  their  path,  and 
both  men  jumping  back,  looked  upward  and  saw  her. 

High  above  them  on  the  house  top,  clinging  with  both 
arms  to  the  weather-shelter,  pounding  up  and  down  as  its 
one  freed  leg  pounded,  and  clinging  still  with  all  her  slen- 
der weight  to  its  side,  while  her  ruffled  hair  streamed  about 
her  face  amid  a  rain  of  leaves  and  twigs,  and  her  skirts 
flapped  sail-wise,  she  laughed  down  at  them  triumphantly. 
'It's  madness!"  exclaimed  Tom  sharply;  *'the  thing 
will  go  and  she  with  it." 

"Elisabeth!"  cried  the  Professor  in  a  voice  no  one  had 
ever  heard  before  and  which  rang  above  the  wind,  * '  come 
down  instantly  ! " 

It  was  the  weather-shelter  which  obeyed.  As  if  knowing 
the  master's  voice,  it  gave  one  frantic  plunge,  tossed  off  the 
clinging  arms  like  tendrils,  leaped  the  railing  with  one 
ungainly  bound,  thrust  a  derisive  leg  through  the  ell-roof 
and  another  through  the  Professor's  own  window,  sprink- 
ling his  room  with  glass  as  with  a  shower,  and  flew  on- 
ward toward  the  garden.  Tlje  Professor  fled  likewise, 
and  Tom,  at  whose  side  a  fluttering  gown  silently  appeared, 
followed  with  warier  haste.  He  and  the  shape  beside  him 
arrived  at  the  turn  of  the  path  just  in  time  to  witness  the 
apparently  simultaneous  descent  of  the  Professor  and  the 
shelter,  whose  three  remaining  legs  seemed  to  gather  and 
hurl  themselves  with  a  directed  aim  at  the  Professor's  head 
before  they  and  he  went  down  together  in  a  compound  rat- 
tle, shiver  and  smash  of  glass,  wood  and  metal. 

As  the  two  pale  witnesses  drew  near,  the  Professor  rose 
to  his  feet  with  a  gesture  of  despair. 

**  It  is  ruined  !"  he  exclaimed.  His  eyes  soufifht  Elisa- 
beth's with  a  hopelessness  of  appeal. 

*'OhI"  she  breathed  only. 

Tom  had  thrown  himself  upon  the  debris,  in  his  turn. 


THE    WIND'S    WILL.  37 

**  Utterly  ruined — smashed,"  he  reported,  rising-  from  his 
hasty  investigation,  his  hands  full  of  broken  tubes,  twisted 
bars  and  splinters — all  that  remained  of  the  finely  tested 
instruments.  Poor  Max  and  Minnie  !  they  had  taken  their 
last  flight. 

*' Ruined  I"  repeated  the  Professor  tragically,  still  with 
an  entreating  eye  upon  Elisabeth. 

"  I  am  so  sorry,"  she  faltered. 

*' Come, "said  Tom,  after  a  moment's  silence  in  which 
the  contempt  of  Science  began  to  dawn  upon  him,  "it 
mig-ht  have  been  worse.  Suppose  Miss  Elisabeth  had  been 
smashed  up  with  it." 

''Ruined  I"  repeated  the  Professor,  with  that  fixed  and 
obstinate  gaze  which  never  wandered  from  Elisabeth's  face. 

"Oh,  hang!^^  muttered  Tom  between  his  teeth,  his 
cheeks  beginning-  to  burn. 

"I  ought  to  have  built  it  more  securely — I  ought  never 
to  have  built  it — I  ought  never  to  have  come  here  at  all," 
said  the  Professor  humbly  and  desperately.  "  It  will  never 
bloom  again." 

His  hearers  started  slig-htly.  One  of  them  questioned  an 
instant  whether  his  scientific  relative's  mind  had  been  un- 
hinged with  the  weather-shelter.  Then  catching  an  ex- 
pression in  Elisabeth's  face,  almost  wished  it  had  been. 

With  sudden  illumination  he  stooped  down  and  looked 
where,  under  the  wreck  of  meteorology,  a  mass  of  towering 
green  lay  crushed.  The  Professor  was  right ;  it  would 
never  bloom  again. 

And  then  Tom  stood  up  and  looked  at  Elisabeth. 

There  is  a  stupid  fiction  to  the  effect  that  above  all  other 
things  women  love  to  be  taken  care  of.  The  fact  is,  there 
is  one  thing  they  love  far  better — to  take  care  of  what  they 
love.  There  is  a  second  stupider  fiction  which  declares  the 
maternal  passion  is  Nature's  device  for  the  protection  of 
the  young ;  the  fact  again  being  that  kind  Nature — a 
mother  herself — manufactures  the  baby  in  his  present  help- 
less shape  solely  for  the  contentment  of  the  maternal  pas- 
sion. The  proof  of  this  is  that  every  loving  woman  is 
mother  as  well  as  mistress  to  her  beloved,  while  the  real 
lovers  among  men  have  always  their  infantile  needs. 

Drawn  a  little  nearer  to  him,  Elisabeth  was  looking  at 
the  Professor  precisely  as  a  young  mother  looks  at  her 
child — mirthfully,  protectingly,  wonderingly,  adoringly, 
comprehending  his  helplessness  and  absurdity,  and  loving 
him  the  better  for  both,  thanking  him,  in  fact,  for  his  con- 
descension in  being  at  once  so  absurd  and  so  adorable. 
With  that  loveliest  regard,  Elisabeth  already  caressed  the 
Professor,  and  Tom's  eyes  fell  before  it. 


38  LAND    OF   SUNSHINE. 

Not  even  a  scientific  lover  can  remain  long"  insensible  to 
such  a  look.  An  odd  awakening  expression  began  to  dawn 
in  the  Professor's  eyes,  and  he  moved  in  his  blind  way 
toward  her  as  it  compelled. 

' '  B-Elisabeth, "  he  faltered.  * '  Elisabeth  I ''  he  entreated. 
**  Elisabeth  !"  he  commanded,  and  perhaps  it  was  the  im- 
petuous wind  that  blew  her  to  his  arms. 

Tom  turned  abruptly  and  the  ground  fled  under  his  feet 
as  he  went  with  bent  head,  something  like  a  rose-thorn 
pricking  in  his  heart,  as  reminiscent  of  rose-sweetness  and 
as  healable  withal ;  and  as  he  went  he  pulled  from  his  but- 
tonhole the  red  rose-bud  and  dropped  it  on  the  ground. 

**  We  will  build  another  weather-shelter,  dearest,"  mur- 
mured Elisabeth,  as  the  two  stood  beneath  a  bending  pepper 
to  let  the  blast  sweep  by. 

*'And  plant  a  new  Gloire  Lyonnaise,"said  the  Professor. 

*'It  was  a  Pauline,  dearest,"  answered  Elisabeth  sweetly. 

** Indeed,"  replied  the  Professor  perplexedly,  *' you  must 
teach  me  all  the  roses,  my  darling  ;  your  favorites  at  least." 

Elisabeth  smiled  down  at  the  green  disaster. 

Then  she  looked  at  the  Professor.  *' Dearest,  how  is 
your  headache  now  ?  " 

The  Professor  ran  his  slender  hand  through  his  hair  ;  he 
looked  wonderfully  young". 

**It  is  quite  gone.  I  am  feeling  well.  It  is  wonderful 
how  this  electric  storm  has  changed  the  atmosphere.  Elis- 
abeth I  " 

Before  the  laughing  wisdom  in  her  eyes  all  the  Profes- 
sor*s  knowelg"e  forsook  him  suddenly.  He  stretched  out 
his  arms  to  her. 

**  Elisabeth  I  "  he  said  again. 

And  again — perhaps  it  was  the  wind. 

Eagle  Rock. 

BY   BLANCHM   M.    BURBANK. 

I  know  a  charmed  valley  where  expands 
The  rose  in  bright  perennial  blossoming, 
Where  mocking-birds  melodious  magic  sing, 
And  orchards  lift  white,  fragrant,  happy  hands. 
And  in  the  midst  of  these  Arcadian  lands, 
As  pbised  for  flight,  yet  vainly  lingering 
Against  its  will,  like  some  enchanted  thing 
L/ong  turned  to  stone,  a  huge  gray  eagle  stands. 
Perchance  old  Perseus  with  the  Gorgon's  head 
Surprised  this  bird  with  giant  wings  outspread, 
And  so,  forever,  by  these  Western  seas, 
A  prisoner  of  the  gods,  no  more  he  roves ; 
Guarding  new  treasures  of  Hesperides, 
Hung  mid  the  verdurous  glooms  of  orange  groves. 


39 


H  Early   Western   History, 

BEN AV IDES' S    MEMORIAL,    1630. 

Translated  by  Mrs.  Edward  E.  Ayer,  annotated  by  F.  W.  Hodge, 
edited,  with  notes,  by  Chas.  F.  Lummis. 

TV. 

INiTHE  month  of  September,  of  the  past  year  of  1629,  I  [was] 
ministering-  provisionally  [asistlendo]  in  the  Monastery  of  Santa 
Clara  aforesaid,  in  the  pueblo  called  Cap6-o,(36)  which  was  the  last 
and  tenth  that,  to  the  honor  and  glory  of  God  Our  Ivord,  I  founded 
in  those  conversions.  Thither  more  than  usual  [elsewhere]  these 
Navajo- Apaches  repaired  to  do  havoc.  And  having  seen  that  I  could 
not  catch  a  one  [of  them]  — to  regale  him  and  send  him  again  to  his  land 
to  tell  his  Captains  that  we  [wished]  to  treat  for  peace — I  adventured 
and  determined  to  send  to  them  twelve  Indians  of  my  Christians, 
men  of  talent,  and  spirited.  For  the  which  I  called  the  Captains 
and  old  men  of  the  pueblo,  and  communicated  to  them  the  desire 
I  had  that  this  peace  should  be  made  ;  as  well  to  stop  so  many  deaths, 
as  that  they  might  treat  and  communicate  in  their  gains  [g7^an- 
gerias] ;  and  the  principal  [thing]  that  we  might  by  this  road  attain 
their  conversion,  which  was  my  principal  end.  All  were  of  this 
mind  [deste  parecer] ;  and  naming  one  of  the  twelve  for  Captain,  be- 
cause he  was  an  Indian  of  more  talent,  they  gave  him  the  embassy 
[embaxada]  of  peace  according  to  their  usage.  This  was  an  arrow 
with  a  feather  of  colors  in  place  of  the  flint,  and  a  reed  [canuto]  full 
of  tobacco*  [already]  begun  to  be  smoked  ;  with  another  feather, 
which  showed  on  it  that  which  they  [my  Indians]  had  smoked.  For 
the  arrow  was  in  order  that,  arriving  in  sight  of  the  Rancheria  and 
coming  nigh,  he  should  shoot  that  tame  [mansa]  arrow  in  signal  of 
peace;  and  the  reed  [was]  that  he  should  invite  them  [the  Navajos] 
to  smoke,  and  that  he  should  push  [corriesse ;  run]  this  word  and 
peace  [message]  into  the  interior.  I  likewise  gave  him  my  [own] 
word  of  peace,  which  was  a  Rosary  for  the  Captain;  and  [tell  him] 
that  I  was  desiring  to  see  him,  to  treat  with  him  [concerning]  this 
peace.  And  in  order  that  this  should  have  the  good  effect  which  it 
did  have,  it  chanced  to  be  on  the  evening  before  [la  vispera  de]\  the 
Stigmata  of  our  Father  St.  Francis  (37) — which  is  on  the  17th  of  Sept. 
— of  the  past  year  of  [1]629.  And  so  I  told  them  that  they  should 
come  to  hear  Mass  on  the  next  day  \otro  dia,  i.  e.,  Sept.  17],  whither 
all  the  people  gathered,  petitioning  God  for  a  good  result,  and  [peti- 
tioning] our  Father  St.  Francis  that  he  be  patron  of  it — and  so  I 
forthwith  dedicated  to  him  that  conversion  and  Province.  The  Mass 
having  been  heard,  then — which  was  sung  with  all  solemnity — these 
Indians  went  forth  with  very  great  courage  \ani'mo'\  and  spirit;  and 
having  besought  of  me  the  benediction,  they  began  their  journey 
[camino;  road]  from  the  very  church.     Godknoweth  the  constriction 


*The  familiar  "pipe  of  peace."  The  prehistoric  New  Mexico  Indians,  however,  did 
not  have  pipes,  nor  yet  a  real  tobacco.  Their  "sacred  smoke"  was  a  ceremonial  cigar- 
ette, made  by  ramming-  a  reed  full  of  an  herb  called  [in  Tig-ua]  "pi-6n-hle."  This 
ceremonial  cigarette  is  called  Huir  (weer).  It  is  still  used  in  innumerable  Pueblo 
ceremonials;  as  an  offering-  to  the  Cacique,  as  a  fee  to  the  Fathers  of  Medicine,  as  a 
test  for  the  neophyte  being-  initiated  into  an  order,  etc.  As  in  prehistoric  days  with 
the  prehistoric  "  smoke,"  any  cig-arette  is  to  this  day  a  proffer  of  peace  when  two 
strang-e  Indians  meet.  Now,  however,  it  is  g-enerally  a  cigarette  of  straw  paper  and 
"  Durham;"  and  is  not  first  lig-hted  and  puffed  by  the  man  who  proffers  it,  as  the 
ancient  Hm'r  used  to  be.  See  Some  St7-anffe  Corners  of  our  Country,  (the  Century  Co., 
N.  Y.),  Chap,  xviii,  "The  Pra.ying-  Smoke."  The  N.  Y.  P.  t,.  version  g-ets  all  this: 
"  A  colored  feather  and  a.  pipe  full  of  tobacco  beginning-  to  puff ,  with  another  feather 
■which  signified  for  them  to  be  ready  to  smoke."  Possibly  ig-norance  could  g-o  no  farther. 

t  N.  Y.  P.  I/.  "  Happened  to  be  the  day  of  ;"  a  ffross  ig-norinsr  of  what  "  la  vispera" 
means. 


very 
to"]  I 


40  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

[apreturas]  in  which  my  heart  was,  seeing-  the  so  manifest  risk  in 
which  I  was  putting-  those  Indians.  For  when  one  comes  out  badly 
from  an  enterprise,  there  are  never  lacking  rivals  to  judge  that  it 
was  rash;  and  if  it  turns  out  well,  few  extol  it.  But  always  I  had 
entire  faith  in  God  our  Lord,  that  He  would  [^auia  de,  lit.  "had 
guard  them  from  their  enemies. 
Having  arrived,  then,  in  sight  of  the  first  Rancheria,  the  frontier 
of  that  untamed  and  ferocious  nation,  where  w^as  the  Chief  Captain 
of  all  those  frontiers— and  the  most  valiant  [esforfado],  a  cousin  of 
the  Cazique,  who  governed  all  of  them,  who  came  there  alone  to 
raise  recruits  {hazcr  ge7ite\  tado  the  Christians  a  notable  harm — they 
fired  the  arrow  which  they  were  carrying  [and]  making  signals  with 
\_lleuatian  sefialada].  Which  being  seen  by  the  enemy,  he  answered 
them  with  another  [arrow]  of  the  same  sort.  Whereupon  they  went 
drawing  nearer,  although  slowly  and  with  mistrust.  Having  arrived, 
our  Captain  gave  him  his  message  [embaxada],  and  invited  him  with 
the  reed  of  tobacco;  and  thus  also  [the  Navajo]  received  my  Rosary. 
And  [our  man]  delivered  his  message  on  behalf  of  his  Captains  and 
on  my  [behalf].  And  as  [the  Navajo]  had  never  seen  a  Rosary,  he 
asked  what  it  signified  that  that  thread  had  so  many  beads  [granoSy 
grains] .  Our  ambassador  answered  him,  extempore  \inopinadamente ; 
not  having  had  time  to  think],  yet  with  subtlety,  that  as  they  [the 
Navajos]  were  many  Captains,  the  Father  was  sending  there  to  each 
one  of  them  his  word  that  he  would  be  his  friend — a  response  which 
much  satisfied  him  [the  Navajo].  To  the  which  the  [Navajo]  Cap- 
tain answered,  giving  a  very  great  sigh:  *'  That  it  weighed  heavy  ou 
him  \le  pesaua  muchd]  that  they  had  come  to  offer  him  peac«;  that, 
since  it  was  so  good  a  thing,  and  it  was  brought  to  his  house,  he 
could  not  forbear  to  receive  it;  but  that  he  was  very  [much]  offended 
with  the  Christians,  and  that  on  this  occasion  he  had  matters  ar- 
ranged in  [such]  manner  that  he  must  have  revenged  himself  very 
well;  but  that  he  received  the  peace,  and  wished  it."  And  so  he  sent 
the  arrow  forthwith  to  his  Cacique,  and  the  reed  of  tobacco;  and  he 
remained  with  my  Rosary  on  [his]  neck.  And  suspicious  that  this 
might  have  some  double-dealing,  he  said  to  our  men,  "  That,  though 
he  gave  peace  in  the  name  of  all,  he  wished  to  know  from  me  and 
from  all  the  Christian  Captains  personally,  if  it  was  true  that  we 
gave  it;  and  that  therefore  he  wished  to  come  and  see  us  in  our 
pueblo." 

1WAS  advised  of  it  by  one  of  [our]  men  who  came  post,  and  I 
caused  that  more  than  one  thousand  five  hundred  souls*  should  go 
forth  to  receive  him.  I  awaited  him  in  the  Church,  the  which  I 
ordered  them  to  fix  up  well,  and  to  light  many  lights,  for  it  was 
already  night  when  thev  arrived.  And  because  this  nation  is 
haughty  [soberuia]  and  mettlesome,  it  appeared  to  me  [best]  to  re- 
ceive this  Captain,  and  those  that  came  with  him,  in  a  different  wise 
from  [that  in  which  we  receive]  the  other  nations.  For  with  them 
we  sit  down  on  the  floor  [or,  ground,  suelo^  at  the  Ijeginning,  con- 
forming with  their  rude  fashion  [llaneza],  until  we  teach  them  more 
politeness  [policia].  The  Apache  nation  being,  then,  so  haughty,  it 
appeared  to  me  [best]  to  change  [this]  style  ;  and  so,  next  the  Altar 
I  ordered  a  chair  set  upon  a  rug  ;  and  seated  in  this,  I  received 
him.  He  came  before  all  the  pueblo  ;  and  between  the  Christian 
Captains  came  this  Apache  Captain,  and  four  other  Captains  of  his 
[people].  Having  entered  into  the  Church  and  made  a  prayer  at  the 
Altar,  the  chief  Captain  of  the  Christians  came  to  me  and  kissed  my 


*Benavides  must  have  drawn  on  some  of  the  other  pueblos,  for  the  population  of 
Santa  Clara  at  this  time  was  probably  not  arreater  than  just  before  the  revolt  of 
1680,  when  it  numbered  only  300  persons.  At  the  latter  date,  by  the  way,  this  pueblo 
had  no  resident  misRiouary,  it  beinir  administered  by  the  padre  at  San  Ildefonso. 


EARLY    WESTERN    HISTORY.  41 

feet — a  thing-  which  I  did  not  much  oppose,  nor  indeed  was  I  pre- 
pared for  it.  And  at  his  example  and  [in]  imitation,  the  strang-ers 
did  their  part  [i.  e.,  the  same  ;  lo  propio].  And  after  having  saluted 
me,  the  chief  [Captain]  said  that  those  [our]  Captains  had  gone  to 
offer  him  peace  on  my  behalf  and  [on  that]  of  their  Captains  ;  and 
that  he  came  to  know  [about]  it  personally,  for  greater  security. 
Promptly  the  chief  Captain  of  the  pueblo  rose  and  offered  his  own 
bow  and  arrows  to  the  Apache,  saying  that  there  before  God,  who 
was  on  that  Altar,  and  before  me,  who  was  His  Priest,  he  gave  him 
those  weapons,  in  earnest  [/^]  of  his  word  that  he  never  would  break 
[faltaria^  fail]  the  peace  ;  and  thus  he  laid  them  [the  weapons]  on 
the  Altar.  And  that  he  might  perceive  [echasse  de  ver]  that  all  said 
the  same,  he  said  to  the  pueblo,  "  Do  all  consent  to  it  ?  "  [si  consent- 
iaUy  etc.]  And  giving  a  great  shout  they  answered  "  Yes  !  "  [Qt^e  5z] . 
Promptly  the  Apache  Captain  chose  from  his  quiver  an  arrow,  to  his 
thinking  the  most  suitable  [with  a  head]  of  white  flint,  and  good 
[and]  sharp;  and  before  all  said  this  in  a  loud  voice:  "I  do  not 
know  who  is  that  one  that  ye  call  God  ;  but  since  ye  put  him  for 
witness  and  stability  of  your  word,  in  pledge  [_/^]  that  infallibly 
ye  must  not  break  it,  he  ought  to  be  some  person  of  great  power  and 
authority,  and  a  good  [person].  And  so  to  that  God,  whosoever  he 
may  be,  I  likewise  give  my  word  and  faith,  in  the  name  of  all  my 
people  [los  mios] ,  with  this  arrow  in  the  hands  of  this  Father ;  and 
that  for  my  part  and  that  of  my  [people]  the  peace  and  friendship 
shall  never  fail."  And  receiving  from  him  the  arrow,  I  said  to  him: 
**  That  if  he  wished  that  I  should  tell  him  who  God  was,  he  would 
enjoy  hearing  me,  and  much  more  for  having  given  Him  his  word." 
And  as  he  said  "  Yes  !  "  I  declared  to  him  with  the  briefest  words,  in 
his  fashion  [tnodo;  doubtless  means  here  "in  his  tongue"],  who  God 
was — Creator  and  Lord  of  all  that  is  created,  and  that  to  deliver  us 
from  eternal  pains  He  had  died  upon  a  Cross — showing  it  all  to  him 
by  a  painting  at  the  Altar — and  that  he  who  should  not  adore  Him, 
and  be  baptized,  must  be  damned  and  go  to  burn  in  those  eternal 
pains.  And  as  the  word  of  God  is  so  efficacious,  it  wrought  so  in  his 
heart  that  with  a  vast  [grandioso]  ardor  [espiritu']  and  sigh  he 
turned  to  all  the  pueblo  and  in  a  very  loud  voice  said  to  them :  "Ah, 
Teoas,  and  what  envy  I  have  for  you  that  ye  have  here  [one]  who 
teaches  you  who  God  is,  and  things  so  good — and  not  us,  who  live 
and  die  traveling  through  these  wilds*  [campos^  and  mountain- 
ranges,  like  deer  and  jackrabbits.  From  this  moment  [desde  luego] 
I  say  that  I  adore  this  God  whom  this  Father  tells  of  ;  and  now  that 
I  know  Him,  I  give  peace,  and  my  word  to  keep  it,  with  the  greater 
force."  and  with  tears  from  his  eyes  he  knelt  to  kiss  my  feet.  At 
the  which,  I  lifted  him  upf  and  embraced  [him]  with  all  the  kind- 
liness [agasajo^  I  could.  And  immediately  all  the  Christian  Cap- 
tains went  to  embracing  him,  and  at  this  opportune  time  [sazon]  I 
had  them  peal  the  bells  \repicar;  the  rapid  ringing]  and  sound  the 
trumpets  and  clarions  \chirimias\X  —  a  thing  which  pleased  him 
much  to  hear,  since  it  was  the  first  time.  And  at  once  I  hung  those 
arrows  there  upon  the  Altar,  as  trophies  of  the  divine  word,  although 
by  a  Minister  so  humble  as  I ;  and  as  such  \assi\  I  made  it  manifest§ 
to  the  pueblo,  in  order  that  for  all  they  might  give  thanks  to  the  di- 
vine Majesty.  Whereupon  the  Christian  Captains  carried  off  the 
guests  to  entertain  them  in  their  houses,  and  I  regaled  them  with 
what  I  could. 


*  N.  Y.  P.  L.,  "Folds  !" 

t  N.  Y.  P.  L.,  "I  rose  "!    t  N.  Y.  P.  Iv.  does  not  translate  but  prints  it  "cherennas." 

S  Manifesti.  N.  Y.  P.  I<.,  "he  manifested  himself"! 


42  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

ON  the  next  day,  in  the  morning,  as  it  was  Saturday,  when  the 
[bells]  pealed  for  the  Mass  of  Our  Lady,  at  which  all  the 
pueblo  was  present,  this  Apache  Captain  came  also  with  the 
rest  of  the  Christians  and  with  his  [companions].  And 
having-  learned  that  I  was  named  Alonso,  he.  said  that  I 
should  g-ive  him  permission  to  be  named  so.  I  told  him  that  so  he 
should  be  named  when  he  should  be  baptized — although  from  that 
moment  they  all  called  him  Don  Alonso.  I  robed  myself  to  begin  the 
Mass  with  the  best  vestments  [ornamen^os]  there  were,  and  he  was 
marveling  to  see  the  devotion  with  which  all  the  people  were  upon 
[their]  knees  praying.  Before  beginning  the  Mass,  I  married  some 
Indians ;  and  as  they  [the  Navajos]  have  wives  as  [many  as]  they 
can  support,  it  seemed  to  him  very  good  that  the  Christians  had  no 
more  than  one  [wife] ,  and  that  they  promised  to  remain  faithful  be- 
fore God.  Then  as  I  wished  to  begin  the  Mass,  and  he  was  not  yet 
baptized,  I  told  him  that  until  he  should  be  so  [baptized]  he  could  not 
see  God  in  the  Mass,  and  that  he  should  go  out  to  walk  with  his  [com- 
panions] while  I  was  saying  it.  To  the  which  he  replied :  "  That  he 
already  took  himself  for  a  Christian,*  and  adored  God  more  than  all 
whatsoever  [todos  quantos]  were  there,  with  all  his  heart ;  and  that 
thus  he  also  wished  to  see  Him."  And  when  I  replied  that  he  could 
not  until  he  had  been  baptized,  he  ordered  his  companions  that  they 
should  go  out,  but  [said]  that  he  must  in  no  wise  whatever  go  out 
{€71  nitii^una  de  las  maneras  aula  de  salir\  I,  to  divert  him,  ordered 
the  singers  that  they  should  sing  the  Salve  [Regina]  in  an  organ- 
chant  with  all  solemnity,  and  with  trumpets  and  clarions  \chirimias\\. 
And  so,  in  my  robes  \revestidd\  at  the  Altar  I  sang  the  collect ;  and 
having  finished  it  I  sat  down  in  the  chair  and  came  back  to  telling 
him  some  words  concerning  the  mystery  of  the  Creation  and  Redemp- 
tion, wherewith  he  remained  each  time  more  confirmed  in  the  faith. 

SEVERAIy  Spanish  soldiers  had  come  together  to  hear  Mass  ;  and 
he  [the  Navajo]  said  that  the  same  peace  which  he  had  affirmed 
with  the  Teoas,  he  wished  also  to  establish  with  the  Spaniards. 
And  so  to  a  Spanish  Captain  who  was  there  he  gave  an  arrow 
by  my  hand,  in  token  of  [his]  word  that  he  would  not  fail  [to 
keep]  the  peace.  And  our  Spaniard,  drawing  his  sword  from  the 
sheath,  gave  it  likewivse  to  me,  before  the  Indian  as  an  earnest  \en  /^] 
that  he  gave  him  peace  in  the  name  of  God  and  received  his  [peace]. 
And  all,  as  before,  was  put  upon  the  Altar,  offering  it  to  God  as  judge 
and  witness  of  that  action.  Which  likewise  was  celebrated,  a  second 
time,  with  bells,  trumpets,  and  clarions  \chirimias\^ .  With  the 
which  he  [the  Navajo]  remained  very  consoled,  saying  :  '*  That  well 
he  perceived  [echaua  de  ver\  the  truth  of  our  Holy  Catholic  Faith,  since 
it  was  celebrated  with  so  much  solemnity  ;  and  that  they  [his  people] 
lived  like  brute  animals  of  the  wilds  {cavtpd].*^  And  with  this,  I  sent 
him  with  some  Christian  Captains  to  their  house,  and  said  the  Mass 
to  the  pueblo — whereat  he  afterward  became  [se  daua  por]  very 
vexed,  be  cause  he  wished  to  have  seen  God  in  the  Mass. 

HE  was  there,  and  his  [companions],  three  or  four  days,  hear- 
ing with  devotion  and  love  the  things  of  our  Holy  Catholic 
Faith,  attentive  and  noting  the  contentment  [^usio]  in  which 
the  Christians  were    living.     And  in  particular  there  had 
fixed  itself  very  [deeply]  in  their  soul  the  fear  of  the  pains 
of  hell,  and  that  in  any  event  they  wished  to  be  Christians ;  and  that 
they  much  loved  their  wives  [muq^eres]  and  children,  and  them  of 
their  nation,  and  that  it  would  affiict  them  much  that  they  should  go 


*  N.  Y.  P.  L.  omits  "ChriHtian,*' and  rives  no  hint  what  he  "considered  himself. 
IN.  Y.  P.  L.,  "Mnsic." 


EARLY    WESTERN    HISTORY.  43 

to  hell  for  not  being-  Christians,  jF*or  the  which  they  besoug-ht  me 
much,  that  I  would  go  to  their  Rancherias,  if  only  for  ten  days,  to 
tell  their  [people]  that  which  they  had  heard  me  [say]  there — for  they 
were  things  so  marvelous  that  neither  could  he  manage  to  tell  them, 
nor  would  his  [people]  believe  them  for  his  telling-  them.  At  last  he 
left,  to  return  in  a  Moon  and  a  half  (for  they  count  by  Moons).  And 
to  confirm  this  peace  [pazes],  he  wished  to  bring  all  the  women  and 
small  children  of  those  neighboring  Rancherias,  with  many  dressed 
buckskins  [g-amuzas]  and  rock  alum  [piedra  aluinbre\  ,*  to  make  a  big 
fair,  which  should  last  three  days,  and  they  would  contract  {cobrasse}i\\ 
great  friendship.  And  from  that  moment  he  assured  them  that  they 
might  enter  his  territory  \tierrd\  to  hunt,  and  for  what  they  might 
wish  ;  [and]  that  they  should  be  treated  as  very  [good]  friends.  And 
so  it  was.  For  before  this,  at  a  quarter  of  a  league  [from  the  pueblo] 
one  passed  in  that  direction  with  much  risk,  and  each  day  they  used 
to  kill  Christians  ;  and  after  this  peace,  even  the  old  women  used  to 
go  X  forth  for  wood  in  that  quarter  ;  and  if  they  encountered  Apaches 
these  gave  them  a  very  safe  \bue7i\  passage  and  shared  with  them 
the  game  that  they  had  taken  \cazadd\.  A  Religious  of  very  great 
spirit  is  pursuing  this  conversion  and  pacification,  who  will  do  it  with 
many  more  advantages  than  I  [had] .  This  Province  must  be  \tendrd\^ 
along  the  frontier,  more  than  50  leagues  ;  but  it  stretches  to  the  West 
more  than  300,  and  we  do  not  know  where  it  ends.  And  this  Province 
is  the  [one]  which  has  given  most  pain  and  anxiety  \cuidad6\  to  New 
Mexico,  as  well  from  [its  Indians],  being  so  warlike  and  valiant,  as 
because  there  are  in  it  more  than  two  hundred  thousand^  souls,  [judg- 
ing] by  the  times  when  the  Spaniards  have  seen  them  going  to  fight. 

COWBOY  APACHBS  OF  THB   BUFFAI,0-HBRD.  ||     (38) 

HAVING  passed  then,  this  Province  of  the  Apaches  of  Navajo, 
turning  now  \yd\  on  the  right  hand  to  the  EJast,  there  begins 
the  Province  of  the  Vaquero  [cowboy]  Apaches;  the  which 
runs  in  that  direction  and  returns  encompassing  the  settle- 
ments \j>oblados\  more  than  150  leagues,  until  it  reaches 
those  [settlements]  of  the  Perrillo,  where  we  begin  at  entering  into 
Ne  w  Mexico.  All  this  nation  and  Province  sustains  itself  on  cows 
\vacas\  which  they  call  [cows]  of  Sibola.^  [They  are]  like  ours 
[masculine;  sc.  ganado,  cattle]  in  greatness  \g7'andezd\,  but  very  dif- 
ferent in  the  form,  because  it  is  very  short  in  [the]  legs,  as  if  hipped 
\derrengado\  and  very  high  in  hump  and  chest,  [with]  horns  very 
small  and  sharp,  straight  upward  [derechos  a  lo  alto\*'^\  very 
great  manes  \crines\  on  the  forelock  \copete\,  which  obstructs  their 
vision  \les  tap  a  la  vista],  and  very  curly,  and  the  same  on  the 
chins  and  on  the  knees.  And  all  [are]  of  a  dark -brown  color  [hosed], 
or  black  and  [it  is]  a  marvel  [when]  one  is  seen  with  any  white  spot. 
Their  meat  is  more  savory  and  healthful  than  that  of  our  cows,  and 
the  tallow  much  better.  They  do  not  bellow  like  our  bulls,  but  grunt 
like  hogs.  They  are  not  long-tailed,  but  [the  tail  is]  small  and  with 
little  wool  [lana]  on  it.  The  hair  [j)elo]  is  not  like  that  of  our  cattle, 
but  curly  like  very  fine  fleece.  Of  it  are  made  very!  good  rugs  [xer- 
guetas],  and  of  the  new  ones  [las  nueuas;  prob.  the  new  hair],  very  fine 
hats  [are  made],  of  vicuna,  to  [all]  appearance.     Of  the  skins  of  the 


^^  *N.  Y.  P.  Iv.  does  not  translate  this,  t  N.  Y.  P.  L,.,  "to  visit  in."  X  N.  Y.  P.  ly., 
''^the  old  men  go"! 

§  Had  Benavides  given  one  fiftieth  of  this  number,  he  would  have  been  approxi- 
mately rig-ht. 

II  Or  Vaquero  Apaches  of  the  Cattle  of  Sibola.    N.  Y.  P.  I*,  does  not  translate. 

IT  Vacas  (or  g-anado)  de  Cibola;  'Buffalo. 

**  So  they  are,  from  sidewise,  despite  their  inward  curve.  N.Y.  P.  I/.  "  straight  or 
high." 


44  LAND    OF   SUNSHINE. 

heifers,  clothing  [ropas]  is  lined,  as  if  they  were  [skins]  of  martens.* 
I  have  told  so  at  length  of  these  cattle,  because  they  are  in  such 
great  number,  and  so  wide-spread  that  we  have  not  found  [the]  end 
of  them.  And  we  have  information  [noiicid]  that  they  run  from  the 
Sea  of  the  South  [the  Pacific]  to  the  Sea  of  the  North  [the  Atlantic], 
and  so  many  that  they  gorge  [espesan]  the  fields.  These  cattle  alone 
were  enough  to  make  a  Prince  very  powerful,  if  there  could  be,  or 
might  offer,  a  plan  whereby  they  might  be  brought  out  [se  sacara]  to 
other  lands  [paries].  Troops  there  are  of  more  than  forty  thousand 
bulls  to  [all]  appearances;  without  there  being  among  them  one  single 
cowf;  because  they  always  go  separate  until  rutting  time.  They  are 
not  cattle  that  let  themselves  be  rounded-up  [co^er  en  rodeos]^,  tho' 
as  a  means  [pi^y  lit.  footing]  they  take  among  them  [some]  of  our 
tame  cattle.  And  so,  at  the  time  of  calvingg,  the  Spaniards  go  to 
catch  the  little  heifers  {terneritas]  and  bring  them  up  with  she-goats. 
As  these  cattle  are  so  many,  and  shed  or  change  their  hair  [pelleja,  for 
pelechd]  every  year,  that  wool  remains  in  the  fields,  and  the  airs  keep 
drifting  it  up  (van  arrimandd]  to  trees,  or  into  sundry  ravines  [que- 
bradas],  and  in  such  quantity  that  it  could  make  many  rich — and  it  all 
is  lost.     (39) 

BY  these  cattle,  then,  all  these  Vaquero  Apaches  sustain  them- 
selves ;  for  the  which  they  go  craftily  to  their  watering- 
places,  and  hide  themselves  in  the  trails,  painted  with  red- 
lead  |  and  stained  with  the  mud  of  that  same  earth  ;  and 
stretched  in  the  deep  trails  which  the  cattle  have  made,  when 
the  [cattle]  pass  they  employ  the  arrows  which  they  carry.  And  as 
[these]  are  dull  {triste]  cattle,  though  very  savage  and  swift,  when 
they  feel  themselves  wounded  they  let  themselves  fall  after  a  few 
paces.  And  afterward  the  [Indians]  skin  them  and  carry  off  the 
hide,  the  tongues  and  tenderloins,  and  the  sinews  to  sew  [with]  and 
to  make  strings  for  their  bows.  The  hides  they  tan  [adouan]^  in  two 
ways  ;  some  leave  the  hair  on  them,  and  they  remain  like  a  plush 
velvet,  and  serve  as  bed  and  as  cloak  in  the  summer.**  Others  they 
tan  without  the  hair,  and  thin  them  down,  of  which  they  make 
their  tents  and  other  things  after  their  usage  [d  su  usanza]. 
And  with  these  hides  they  trade  through  all  the  land  and  gain  their 
living.  And  it  is  the  general  dress  [veshiario]  as  well  among  Indians 
as  Spaniards,  who  use  it  as  well  for  dress  as  for  service  as  bags, 
tents,  cuirasses,  shoes  [ca/fado]j\  a^nd  everything  that  is  needed  [se 
o/rece].  And  although  each  year  so  many  cattle  are  killed,  they  not 
only  do  not  diminish  but  are  each  day  more,  for  they  gorge  the 
plains  [campos]  and  appear  interminable.  These  Indians,  then,  go 
forth  through  the  neighboring  Provinces  to  trade  and  traffic  with 
these  hides.  At  which  point  [adonde]  1  cannot  refrain  from  telling 
one  thing,  somewhat  incredible,  howsoever  ridiculous.     And  it  is 

♦  See  the  flounderinsr  of  the  N.  Y.  P.  L.  version. 

t  Sadly  botched  by  the  N.  Y.  P.  L.  version. 

t  Rodto  Is  the  technical  Spanish  word  for  "  round-up"— still  used  amooff  South- 
western cattlemen.  N.  Y.  P.  L.  "  Enclosure."  Probably  Benavides  was  rijfht,  in 
his  time.  After  they  acquired  horses,  the  Plains  Indians  often  rounded-up  bands  of 
buffalo,  which  huddled  tojfethcr  until  dispatched.  Such  a  round-up  is  the  subject  of 
one  of  Catlin's  paintinjrs— ihoujf  h  this  fact  is  quoted  not  as  proof  but  incidentally. 

I  Paricion.    N.  Y.  P.  L.,  **  Breedings,"  a  mistake  of  some  months. 

il  Probably  hematite.    H  N.  Y.  P.  L.,  "  Rip  in  two  ways  "  ! 

♦♦  Almost  beyond  question,  there  is  a  misprint  In  the  punctuation  here.  The 
period  should  come  after  "cloak,"  both  for  climatic  and  ethnolosric  sense.  The  In- 
dians did  not  need  the  "plush-velvet"  robes  for  "cloaks  in  summer""  As  a  matter 
of  fact,  the  winter  robes,  with  their  heavy  fur,  were  tanned  with  the  hair  on  ;  the 
summer  hides,  thin  after  shedding,  were  scraped.  And  so  probably  Benavides  meant 
to  say— "In  summer,  they  tan  others  without  the  hair." 

ttN.  Y.  P.  L.,  "breeches"! 


EARLY    WESTERN    HISTORY.  45 

that  when  these  Indians  g"0  to  trade  and  traffic,  the  entire  Rancherias 
go,  with  their  wives  [mu^eres]  and  children,  who  live  in  tents  made 
of  these  skins  of  buffalo  [Sibola] ,  very  thin  and  tanned  ;  and  the 
tents  they  carry  loaded  on  pack-trains  [reguas]  of  dogs,  harnessed  up 
with  their  little  pack-saddles  ;  and  the  dogs  are  medium  sized.  And 
they  are  accustomed  to  take  five  hundred  dogs  in  one  pack-train,  one 
in  front  of  the  other  ;  and  the  people  carry  their  merchandise  [thus] 
loaded,  which  they  barter  for  cotton  cloth*  and  for  other  things  which 
they  lack.     (40) 

THIS  Province  of  the  Vaquero  Apaches  hems  (as  has  been  said) 
the  settlements  of  New  Mexico  along  its  frontier  [for]  more 
than  150  leagues,  on  the  side  of  the  East,  and  extends  in  the 
same  direction  more  than  a  hundred.  All  of  it  [is]  most 
thickly  settled  [podladissima]  with  rancherias  of  the  tents 
aforesaid,  and  infinite  people.  Our  Lord  hath  been  pleased  that  their 
conversion  and  pacification  should  be  commenced,  by  the  good  treat- 
ment [or,  conduct,  buen  tratd\  and  kindness  which  the  Religious  prac- 
tice [toward]  them  in  the  curacies  \dotrinas\  roundabout  [cirainue- 
cinas\.  And  their  Chief  Captains  having  heard  say  that  the  Spaniards 
in  the  town  [villa]  of  Santa  F^  had  the  Mother  of  God— which  was  an 
Image  in  sculpturef  of  the  Translation  [Transitd]  of  the  Virgin  Our 
Lrady,  which  I  had  carried  there,  and  it  was  well  adorned  in  a  chapel 
— they  came  to  see  her,  and  became  very  devoted  [aficionados]  to  her, 
and   promised  her  to   be   Christians.     And  in   particular  the  chief 

f  mayor]  of  them  addressed  her  with  much  devotion,  in  his  tongue 
modo  ;  style].  Therefore  the  Demon,  seeing  that  by  this  road  he  was 
being  deprived  of  the  empire  which  he  enjoyed,  made  use  of  a  fraud 
of  the  [sort]  that  he  is  wont  [to  use]  in  his  own  defense,  taking  as  a 
means  the  cupidity  of  our  Spanish  Governor  (41).  Who  to  make  slaves, 
to  send  to  sell  in  New  Spain,  sent  a  valiant  Indian  Captain,  an  enemy 
of  that  party,  and  he  was  to  bring  him  [as  many]  pieces  [piecas  ;  of 
coin]  as  he  should  be  able.  This  infernal  minister  happened  [acerto] 
to  go  to  the  rancheria  of  the  Chief  Captain  who  had  given  his  word 
to  the  Virgin  to  be  a  Christian,  with  all  his  [people].  And  fought 
with  him,  and  slew  him  and  much  people — for  he  [the  slave-hunter] 
carried  many  Indian  warriors  [Indios  de  guerrd]  with  him.  And  as  that 
Captain  [who  was]  slain  had  afhis  neck  a  Rosary  which  I  had  given 
him,  he  put  it  forward,  begging  him  by  it  and  by  that  Mother  of  God 
that  he  would  not  kill  him.  And  it  did  not  suffice  to  [make]  the  tyrant 
relinquish  exercising  his  cruelty.  And  he  brought  some  captives 
to  the  Governor,  who,  though  he  did  not  wish  to  receive  them,  for 
the  uproar  which  the  deed  caused,  and  wished  to  hangt  him  whom  he 
[himself]  had  sent,  his  cupidity  was  well  recognized.  The  which  caused 
all  this  Province  to  rise  in  rebellion,  although  (God  be  blessed)  we  are 
reclaiming  it  anew,  and  the  Indians  already  know  who  is  at  fault, 
and  that  God  ought  to  be  adored  above  everything. 

WITH  the  aforesaid,  it  appears  to  me  this  Apache  nation  will 
be  comprehended.  The  which  (as  has  been  said)  hems  the 
hundred  leagues  which  the  settlements  of  New  Mexico  in- 
habit along  the  banks  of  the  Rio  del  Norte  ;  which  are 
[the  "nations"  of  the]  Teoas,  Tanos,  Hemes,  Tioas,  Piros, 
Tompiros,  and  Queres.     And  on  the   outer  border,  to  the  East  and 

*Cotton  was  cultivated  in  abundance  and  spun  and  woven  into  excellent  fabrics  by 
the  Hopi  or  Moqui  before  the  Spaniards  first  came  in  the  16th  century.  They  are 
still  recog-nized  as  the  most  expert  cotton  weavers  among-  all  the  Pueblos,  and  larg-e 
quantities  of  their  textile  products,  particularly  dance  paraphernalia  and  women's 
mantas,  are  bartered  among-  other  tribes. 

t  Imogen  de  bulto.    N.  Y.  P.  I<.,  "  a  large  painting^''  ! 

XAhorcar.  N.  Y.  P.  I^.    "  Put  to  death." 


46  LAND    OF   SUNSHINE. 

West  and  to  the  North  and  to  the  South,  it  [the  Apache  "nation"] 
spreads  out  in  places  so  much  that  we  have  not  found  an  end  to  it. 
The  climate  [temple^  is  like  that  which  we  have  reported  of  our 
Christian  settlements — cold  to  an  extreme  in  the  winter,  and  hot  to 
an  extreme  in  the  summer.  [All]  possible  diligence  is  being-  made 
for  their  [the  Apaches']  conversion.  God  knoweth  when  their  [or 
His  ;  su]  hour  shall  arrive. 

MIRACUI^OUS   CONVBRSION  OF  THE   XUMANA    (42)   NATION. 

LEAVING,  then,  all  this  Western  part,  and  going  forth  from  the 
town  [villa]  of  Santa  F^,  [the]  center  of  New  Mexico,  which 
is  in  37  degrees   [north  lat.],  traversing  the  Apache  nation  of 
the  Vaqueros  for  more  than  a  hundred  and  twelve  leagues  to 
the  East,  [one]  comes  to  hit  upon  the  Xumana  nation  ;  which 
since  its  conversion  was  so  miraculous,  it  is  just  to  tell  how  it  was. 
Years  back,  when  a  Religious  named  Fray  luan  [Juan]  de  Salas,  (43) 
was  traveling  [andando] ,  occupied  in  the  conversion  of  the  Tompiros 

and  Salineros  Indians, where   are   the   greatest  salt-ponds  [or, 

salines  ;  sali/ias]*  in  the  world,  which  on  that  side  border  upon  these 
Xumanas  —  there  was  war  between  them.  And  when  the  Father 
Fray  luan  de  Salas  went  back  for  the  Salineros,  the  Xumanas  said 
that  people  who  went  back  for  the  poor  were  good  [people]  ;  and  so 
they  became  fond  [aficionados]  of  the  Father,  and  begged  him  that 
he  would  go  to  live  among  them.  And  each  year  they  came  to  seek 
him.  And  as  he  was  likewise  occupied  with  the  Christians  on  ac- 
count of  being  [por  ser]  an  interpreter  [lengua ;  lit.  tongue]  and  a 
very  good  Minister,  and  not  having  enough  Religious,!  I  kept  putting 
off  [jui  enlreleniendo]\  the  Xumanas  who  were  asking  for  him,:|: 
until  God  should  send  more  laborers.  As  He  sent  them  in  the  past 
year  of  [16]  29  ;  inspiring  Your  Majesty  to  order  the  Viceroy  of  New 
Spain  that  he  send  us  thirty  Religious.  Whom  the  F.  [ather]  F.[ray] 
Estevan  de  Perea,  who  was  their  Custodian,  brought.  And  so  we 
immediately  dispatched  the  said  Father  [Salas] ,  with  another,  [his] 
companion,  who  is  the  F. [ather]  F.[ray]  Diego  Ivopez  ;  whom  the 
selfsame  Indians  went  with  as  guides  [ivaji  guiando].  And  before 
tHey  went,  [we]  asked  the  Indians  to  tell  us  the  reason  why  they  were 
with  so  much  concern  petitioning  us  for  baptism,  and  for  Religious  to 
go  to  indoctrinate  them  ?     They  replied  that  a  woman  like  that  one 

whom    we   had   there   painted which   was    a     picture  of    the 

Mother  I/uisa  de  Carrion  used  to  preach  to  each  one  of  them 

in  their  [own]  tongue,  [telling]  them  that  they  should  come  to  sum- 
mon the  Fathers  to  instruct  and  baptize  them,  and  that  they  should 
not  be  slothful  [about  it].  And  that  the  woman  who  preached  to 
them  was  dressed  precisely  [ni  mas,  ni  menos;  neither  more  nor  less] 
like  her  who  was  painted  there  ;  but  that  the  face  was  not  like  that 
one,  but  that  she  [their  visitant]  was  young  and  beautiful  [mofa  y 
hertnosa] .  And  always  whenever  Indians  came  newly  from  those 
nations,  looking  upon  the  picture  and  comparing  it  among  them- 
selves, they  said  that  the  clothing  was  the  same  but  the  face  [was] 
not,  because  the  [face]  of  the  woman  who  preached  to  them  was  [that] 
of  a  young  and  beautiful  girl. 

[TO  BE  CONTINUED.] 


♦They  are  blar,  shallow  pools.  N.  Y.  P.  L.  translates  "The  biggtst  salt-works  in  the 
world"! 

tThese  clattses,  like  many  others,  are  entirely  omitted  from  the  N.  Y.  P.  L.  ver- 
sion. 

tBenavides,  it  will  be  remembered,  was  Custodian  of  all  the  missions,  and  was  the 
one  applied  to.  N.  Y.  P.  I«.  version  srets  this  clause  "  he  was  eniertaining  the  Xu- 
manas"! 


EARLY    WESTERN    HISTORY.  47 

NOTES   BY   FREDERICK  WEBB   HODGE- 

35.  Navajo. — The  origin  of  the  name  Navajo  is  not  known  with 
certainty.  Benavides  gives  the  meaning-  "great  planted  fields," 
which  does  not  seem  appropriate,  especially  as  this  popular  name 
(they  call  themselves  N'de,  or  Dene,  "  people")  is  given  as  if  derived 
from  the  language  of  the  strictly  agricultural  Pueblos.  Many  sug- 
gestions regarding  the  origin  of  the  name  have  been  advanced,  most 
of  them  having  reference  to  a  similar  Spanish  word  navdja,  "knife;" 
but  Benavides's  definition,  whether  right  or  wrong,  shows  that  this 
interpretation  is  not  tenable. 

The  original  home  of  the  Navajos  extended  from  the  San  Juan 
mountains  in  Colorado  to  the  latitude  of  the  San  Mateo  mountains  in 
New  Mexico,  and  from  the  vicinity  of  Jemez  pueblo  on  the  east  to 
the  San  Francisco  mountains  in  Arizona  in  the  west.  They  now  oc- 
cupy a  large  reservation  in  northwestern  New  Mexico,  northeastern 
Arizona^  and  southwestern  Utah,  but  many  of  their  number  live  be- 
yond its  borders.  While  the  Navajos  are  regarded  as  a  division  of 
the  Athapascan  family,  there  is  no  doubt  that  the  tribe  is  composed 
largely  of  people  of  other  stocks  who  have  either  been  voluntarily^ 
adopted  in  considerable  bodies  as  clans,  or  else  captured  during  the 
numerous  raids  against  weaker  tribes,  which  made  their  name 
dreaded,  especially  by  the  sedentary  Indians  of  the  Rio  Grande,  for 
more  than  two  and  a  half  centuries.  At  the  time  of  the  coming  of 
the  Spaniards  the  Navajos  were  insignificant.  No  mention  is  made 
of  them  by  Coronado's  chroniclers,  although  two  side  trips  were 
made  in  1540  through  a  part  of  their  country.  From  traditionary 
evidence,  substantiated  by  historical  data,  it  has  been  found  that  the 
Navajos  were  very  limited  in  number  at  the  time  of  the  Discovery, 
and  that  the  wholesale  adoption  took  place  after  the  middle  of  th^e 
sixteenth  century.  Their  name  first  appears  in  1626  as  Apaches  de 
Nabaju,  in  the  writings  of  Zarate-Salmeron,  thus  antedating  Bena- 
vides by  only  four  years.  All  efforts  to  christianize  the  Navajos 
proved  failures.  The  only  attempt  that  gave  promise  of  success 
was  made  in  1746  by  Padre  Juan  Menchero,  who  visited  the  Navajo 
country  and  induced  several  hundred  to  settle  at  Cebolleta,  now  a 
Mexican  town  north  of  I^aguna;  but  the  enterprise  came  to  an  end 
within  a  couple  of  years.  In  1749  Menchero  made  another  attempt, 
reestablishing  the  Cebolleta  mission  and  founding  another  at  Kncinal, 
directly  north  of  Acoma,  at  what  is  now  the  I^aguna  village  ot  Pun- 
yekia;  but  in  the  spring  of  1750  these  missions  were  abandoned  by 
the  two  friars  in  charge,  the  Indians  not  taking  very  kindly  to  pueblo 
life.  In  1804  the  Navajos  themselves  asked  that  missionaries  be  sent 
to  them  at  Cebolleta,  but  the  request  did  not  meet  with  favor.  The 
principal  event  in  Navajo  history  since  the  United  States  took  pos- 
session of  the  southwest,  was  the  Navajo  war  of  1861-1864 — which 
had  the  usual  result.  Most  of  those  who  were  not  killed  were  taken 
to  the  Bosque  Redondo,  in  the  valley  of  the  Pecos,  but  were  returned 
to  their  former  home  in  1867,  when  they  numbered  about  9,000.  The 
inaccurate  United  States  census  of  1890  gave  the  tribe  a  population 
of  17,204.  They  are  now  estimated  at  20,500.  The  Navajos  are  noted 
for  their  blankets  of  native  manufacture  on  hand-looms — an  industry 
doubtless  introduced  among  them  by  adopted  Pueblos,  and  greatly 
developed  through  the  acquirement  of  sheep  (now  numbering  about 
a  million  head)  originally  stolen  from  Indian  and  Spanish  flocks. 
They  are  also  adept  in  the  manufacture  of  silver  jewelry  and  other 
ornaments — an  art  derived  of  course  from  the  Spaniards. 

36.  In  Oct.,  1895,  I  was  informed  by  a  viejo  of  Santa  Clara  that  the 
original  "Capo-o",  K'ha-p6-o  was  a  few  hundred  yards  northwest  of 
the  present  village  ;  thence  its  inhabitants  moved  to  the  Puye  mesa 
on    account   of    Navajo  inroads,   but    were   finally  induced  by  the 


^  LAND    OF   SUNSHINE. 

Spaniards  to  build  the  present  town.  Bandelier  fixes  the  date  of  the 
erection  of  the  church  at  Santa  Clara  at  1760.  This  is  close  to  the 
aboriginal  name  since  applied  to  the  pueblo,  the  strict  form  being 
K*ha-p<5-o,  as  in  the  preceding  note.  It  is  said  to  mean  "  where  the 
rose-bushes  grow  near  the  water." 

From  the  fact  that  Benavides  remained  in  New  Mexico  for  some 
months  after  his  successor,  Estevan  de  Perea,  arrived  with  the  30 
priests  and  lay  brothers  in  the  spring  of  1629,  and  that  various  mis- 
sions were  established  during  the  latter  part  of  the  year  named,  it  is 
not  positively  known  which  of  the  ten  monasteries  Benavides  claims 
to  have  actually  founded.  Excluding  that  at  Santa  F6,  there  were 
ten  churches  in  the  province  in  1617,  while  in  1630  Benavides  either 
reports  directly  or  else  intimates  that  there  were  twenty-three  mon- 
asteries excluding  those  of  Santa  F6  and  Acoma,  and  the  two  at 
Zuni. 

The  ten  pueblo  churches  in  1617  were  at  San  Geronimo  de  los  Taos, 
Nuestra  Senora  de  los  Angeles  de  Pecos,  San  Ildefonso,  San  Diego 
de  Jemez,  San  Jos^  de  Jemez,  Santo  Domingo,  San  Felipe,  Santa 
Cruz  de  Galisteo,  San  Francisco  de  Sandia,  and  Santa  Clara.  Of  the 
new  monasteries,  therefore,  we  are  only  reasonably  certain  of  Sen- 
ecii,  Socorro,  Sevilleta,  Isleta,  Santa  Clara,  a  third  Queres  pueblo 
(probably  Cochitf),  a  third  Tehua  pueblo  (probably  San  Juan),  and  Pi- 
curfs.  Perhaps  other  of  the  pueblos  besides  Santa  Clara.which  con- 
tained churches  in  1617  may  have  had  no  monasteries  when  Bena- 
vides took  charge,  while  on  the  other  hand,  the  missions  of  Acoma, 
Zuni,  and  the  pueblos  of  the  Salinas  may  have  been  regarded  by  that 
custodian  as  established  under  his  supervision,  as  assuredly  were  the 
two  at  Jemez  which  had  been  abandoned. 

37.  Stigmata  of  St.  Francis.— This  has  reference  to  the  remark- 
able discovery,  after  the  death  of  St.  Francis  of  Assisi  (the  founder 
of  the  Franciscan  Order),  of  the  five  wounds  of  Christ  on  his  body 
which  were  believed  to  have  had  a  miraculous  origin  during  a  vision 
while  St.  Francis  was  in  solemn  meditation  on  Mount  Averno.  It 
has  also  been  asserted  that  the  wound  in  the  side  sometimes  bled, 
and  that  through  the  wounds  of  the  feet  there  appeared  to  be  nails 
that  could  not  be  extracted,  although  the  attempt  was  made.  Several 
witnesses  testified  to  the  occurrence,  including  Pope  Alexander  IV, 
who  claimed  to  have  seen  the  wounds  also  before  the  death  of  the 
saint.  This  supposedly  divine  infliction,  being  the  first  of  its  kind, 
resulted  in  awarding  the  Franciscan  Order  unusual  prestige. 

38.  The  name  Cibola  was  first  employed  in  1539  by  Fray  Marcos 
de  Nizza  who  learned  of  it  as  the  name  of  the  **  province  "  of  the 
Zuni  Indians  in  the  language  of  one  of  the  Piman  tribes  of  what  is 
now  northern  Sonora  or  southern  Arizona.  Later  it  was  applied  by 
this  Franciscan  to  the  pueblo  of  Hawikuh  of  the  Zunis,  the  principal 
and  only  one  of  the  seven  seen  by  him,  and  that  to  which  Coronado 
gave  the  name  Granada.  Bearing  in  mind  the  Relacion  of  Cabeza 
de  Vaca,  who  with  his  companions  made  that  first  wonderful 
journey  across  the  buffalo  plains  of  Texas  between  1528  and  1536,  the 
name  Cibola  for  a  time  became  the  designation  of  the  then  practically 
unknown  and  otherwise  unnamed  region  of  the  north,  and,  naturally 
enough  (when  the  illusion  concerning  the  Seven  Cities  of  Cibola — 
as  the  Zuni  pueblos  were  called — had  been  dispelled),  Cibola,  Sibola, 
Zivolo,  etc.,  became  the  name  by  which  was  known  the  most  numer- 
ous as  well  as  the  most  noteworthy  beast  (the  Bison  Americanus) 
which  inhabited  the  area  covered  by  the  marvelous  explorations 
which  followed.  The  buffaloes  seen  by  Cabeza  de  Vaca  were  not  the 
very  first  to  greet  the  eyes  of  a  Spaniard,  however,  for  it  is  recorded 
that  Moptezuma  had  among  other  animals  in  his  zoological  collection 
a  **  Mexican  bull"  which  was  said  to  be  **  a  wonderful  composition  of 


EARLY    WESTERN    HISTORY.  49 

divers  animals ;  it  has  crooked  shoulders,  with  a  hunch  on  its  back 
like  a  camel  ;  its  flanks  dry,  its  tail  large,  and  its  neck  covered  with 
hair  like  a  lion :  it  is  cloven  footed,  its  head  armed  like  that  of  a 
bull,  which  it  resembles  in  fierceness,  with  no  less  strength  and 
agility."  EJven  the  briefest  sketch  of  the  bison  from  the  date  of 
these  early  references  to  the  settlement  of  the  Great  West,  when  the 
fate  of  the  untold  millions  of  these  noble  beasts  became  sealed 
through  the  systematic,  relentless,  cruel,  and  shameful  slaughter 
still  fresh  in  mind  as  a  blot  on  our  national  history,  cannot  here  be 
given  owing  to  limitations  of  space.  Yet  a  word  on  the  importance 
of  the  animal  to  the  tribes  of  the  plains  seems  necessary.  No  writer, 
early  or  recent,  has  more  tersely  or  completely  covered  the  ground  in 
this  direction  than  the  author  of  the  Relacion  Postrera  de  Sivola, 
translated  for  the  first  time  by  Winship.  He  says  :  **  The  mainten- 
ance or  sustenance  of  these  Indians  comes  entirely  from  the  cows 
(bison),  because  they  neither  sow  nor  reap  corn.  With  the  skins  they 
make  their  houses,  with  the  skins  they  clothe  and  shoe  them- 
selves, of  the  skins  they  make  rope,  and  also  of  the  wool ;  from 
the  sinews  they  make  thread,  with  which  they  sew  their 
clothes  and  also  their  houses  ;  from  the  bones  they  make  awls  ; 
the  dung  serves  them  for  wood,  because  there  is  nothing  else  in  that 
country ;  the  stomachs  serve  them  for  pitchers  and  vessels  from 
which  they  drink;  they  live  on  the  flesh,  they  sometimes  eat  it  half 
roasted  and  warmed  over  the  dung,  at  other  times  raw;  .... 
they  drink  the  blood  just  as  it  leaves  the  cows;  ....  they  have 
no  other  means  of  livelihood."  ^\\e  Relacion  might  have  added  that 
the  skins  also  provided  traveling-bags,  shields,  and  coffins.  Can  we 
point,  in  the  history  of  mankind,  to  another  animal  that  has  served 
every  purpose  of  food  and  drink,  clothing,  shelter,  fuel  ?  Ivittle 
wonder,  then,  that  the  passing  of  the  buffalo  meant  also  the  passing 
of  the  Indian  hunter,  who  thenceforth  must  be  forced  between  fixed 
bounds,  usually  on  lands  that  his  white  neighbor  had  little  use  for, 
an  abused,  dissatisfied  dependent,  whose  principal  object  in  life  was 
to  be  present  on  "issue  day."  The  practical  disappearance  of  the 
bison  was  due  to  a  wantonness  that  would  scarcely  have  been  pos- 
sible without  the  aid  of  the  railroads.  The  completion  of  the  Union 
Pacific  in  1869  divided  the  herds  for  ever,  and  soon  the  systematic 
slaughter  began  ;  hundreds  of  thousands  were  killed  for  their 
tongues  alone.  During  the  years  from  1872  to  1874  the  railroads 
across  the  plains  shipped  1,378,359  hides,  while  the  total  number  of 
buffaloes  killed  by  the  whites  during  this  period  numbered  over 
three  millions — all  of  these  from  the  southern  herd.  By  1887  the  only 
buffalo  remaining  in  the  southern  plains  were  a  herd  of  200  in  north- 
western Texas.  In  the  winter  of  that  year,  two  parties,  one  headed 
by  a  certain  lyce  Howard,  attacked  them,  killing  52,  evidently  for  the 
pittance  there  was  in  it.  The  northern  herd  went  the  same  way — 
but  by  different  roads.  It  is  estimated  that  for  fifty  years  prior  to 
the  building  of  the  Northern  Pacific  in  1881-82,  from  50,000  to  100,000 
hides  were  annually  shipped  down  the  Missouri  river  to  railroad 
points.  In  1881  a  hundred  thousand  buffalo  were  butchered  by  men 
employed  at  so  much  per  month;  by  1882  there  were  5,000  white 
butchers  and  skinners  on  the  northern  range  ;  in  1883  a  single  herd 
of  75,000,  as  if  regardful  of  their  fate,  crossed  the  Yellowstone 
and  headed  for  Canada  ;  but  the  butchers  and  skinners  were  on  their 
track — one-fifteenth  of  their  number  reached  the  Dominion,  but  these 
did  not  last  long.  The  rest  of  the  story  is  known.  The  various 
**  Societies  for  the  Prevention,"  etc.,  came  forward,  but  it  was  too 
late.  Robes  were  bringing  fancy  prices  ;  the  meat  of  a  stray  bison 
was  now  worth  shipping;  later  the  bones  were  found  to  be  market- 
able— and   perhaps   it  were    well  that    these   thousands  of    tons  of 


50  LAND    OF   SUNSHINE. 

bleaching-  reminders   of  our  shame  were  gathered  and  g-round  into 
fertilizer. 

39.  The  buffalo  beg-an  to  shed  in  the  beg-inning  of  spring,  the  pro- 
cess continuing  until  about  the  first  of  October.  The  Indians  of  Vir- 
ginia and  New  England,  in  the  seventeenth  and  eighteenth  centuries, 
made  garments  of  buffalo  hair,  and  the  Comanches  and  Otoes,  at 
least,  made  reatas  of  the  same  material.  Little  use  of  it  was  made 
by  the  whites,  owing  mainl3'^  to  the  lack  of  available  sources  of 
supply.  In  1821  the  Red  River  colonists  of  Canada  organized  the 
"Buffalo  Wool  Company"  in  expectation  of  making  a  fortune. 
Skilled  workmen  with  the  necessary  machinery  were  imported,  but 
the  supply  of  "  wool"  was  found  to  be  inadequate,  and  after  it  was 
discovered  that  the  comijany  could  get  in  England  only  4^.  dd.  per 
yard  for  their  product  which  cost  £2  10s.  to  manufacture,  the  indus- 
try came  to  an  end. 

40.  By  means  of  the  travois,  or  travail,  of  the  Plains  tribes  and 
early  voyageurs.  It  consisted  of  two  lodge  or  tent  poles,  their  for- 
ward ends  harnessed  shaft-fashion,  to  either  side  of  the  dog  (or  the 
horse,  since  there  have  been  horses),  the  free  ends  dragging  on  the 
ground  behind.  A  netted  receptacle  was  often  fastened  from  pole  to 
pole,  about  midway,  to  hold  camp  equipage,  provisions,  babies  and 
what-not.  Before  the  coming  of  the  Europeans,  the  dog  and  turkey 
were  the  only  domesticated  animals  possessed  by  the  Western  tribes. 
There  were  no  horses,  cattle,  sheep,  goats,  burros,  swine,  cats.  The 
most  startling  change  in  Indian  history  came  with  the  introduction, 
by  Europeans,  of  the  domestic  animals,  metals  and  fire-arms 

41.  Whether  the  governor  alluded  to  was  Don  Francisco  Manuel 
de  Silva  Nieto  or  his  predecessor  Don  Felipe  Zotilo,  we  are  left  to 
surmise.  Probably  it  was  not  Silva  Nieto  ;  for  he,  with  20  soldiers, 
personally  accompanied  Fathers  Romero  and  Munoz  to  their  far  mis- 
sion in  the  West.  Two  of  the  longest  and  most  beautiful  inscrip- 
tions on  El  Morro  or  "Inscription  Rock"  are  by  Gov.  Silva  Nieto, 
July  29  and  Aug.  9,  1629.  For  photographic  facsimiles,  and  trans- 
lation of  these  inscriptions,  see  L/ummis's  Strange  Corners  of  Our 
Country,  pp.  177,  178.  Zotilo  served  as  governor  from  about  1621  to 
1628,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Silva  Nieto.  Whichever  was  the 
guilty  official,  his  project  was  in  flagrant  violation  of  the  lyaws  of 
the  Indies,  which  stipulated  as  early  as  1526  that  no  Indian  should 
be  enslaved,  or  sold  or  bartered  for  purposes  of  slavery.  Everything 
in  the  context  indicates  that  Zotilo  must  have  been  the  offender  ;  and 
Gov.  Silva  Nieto's  expedition  in  which  he  "carried  the  faith"  (vide 
the  inscription)  seems  to  have  been  one  of  the  means  by  which,  says 
Benavides,  "we  are  reclaiming  it  anew." 

42.  JuMANOS. — These  Indians  have  been  one  of  the  puzzles  of 
American  history  and  ethnology,  for  although  intimately  known 
during  more  than  a  century,  their  linguistic  affinity  and  final  distri- 
bution may  never  be  definitely  determined.  They  were  first  seen, 
though  not  named,  by  Cabeza  de  Vaca,  about  the  beginning  of  1536, 
in  the  territory  between  the  Conchas  and  the  Rio  Grande,  in  Chihua- 
hua, where  they  were  found  also  in  1582  by  Espejo,  who  called  them 
Jumanas  and  Patarabueyes,  and  stated  that  they  numbered  10,000  in 
five  villages.  Espejo's  estimates  of  population  are  always  greatly 
exaggerated.  In  1598  Oiiate  referred  to  them  also  as  Rayados,  on  ac- 
count of  their  custom  of  slashing  or  otherwise  striating  their  faces, 
and  later  wrote  of  a  northern  division  occupying  the  villages  of 
Atripuy.  Genabey,  Quelotetrey,  and  Patastrey,  "con  sus  subgetos," 
situated  xn  the  vicinity  of  the  Salinas  east  of  the  Rio  Grande  in  the 
present  New  Mexico.  To  these  pueblos  Fray  Francisco  de  San 
Miguel  was  assigned  as  priest,  but  the  field  was  so  vast  and  the  mis- 
sionary laborers  so  few  that  aside  from  a  few  baptisms  it  is  not  prob- 


EARLY    WESTERN    HISTORY.  51 

able  that  any  active  steps  were  taken  toward  their  spiritual  welfare 
until  Benavides's  time.  The  first  actual  missionary  that  the  Jumanos 
had  was  that  beautiful  character,  Francisco  Ivetrado,  who  was  a  mem- 
ber of  Perea's  band  of  thirty.  How  long  I^etrado  remained  among- 
the  Jumanos  is  not  known.  It  was  probably  not  more  than  a  year. 
L/earning  that  the  Zunis  were  still  unconverted  (Figueredo  and  his 
companions  having  disappeared  from  history  after  their  assignment 
to  Zuiii),  lyctrado  asked  and  was  granted  permission  to  go  among 
them.  On  Feb.  22,  1632 — a  hundred  years  to  the  day  before  Wash- 
ington was  born — he  was  murdered  by  these  natives  while  on  his 
knees  with  his  crucifix  clasped  to  his  breast.  This  event  occurred  at 
Hawikuh,  already  famous  in  New  Mexican  history.  For  the  efforts 
of  Salas  and  his  compadres  among  the  Jumanos,  see  the  following 
note.  The  southern  band  are  practically  lost  to  sight  after  Otiate's 
time,  while  the  history  of  the  New  Mexican  group  began.  No  author 
is  more  explicit  than  Benavides,  yet  the  information  which  he  gives 
is  meager  enough.  The  Piro  and  Tigua  pueblos  of  the  Salinas  were 
abandoned  on  account  of  Apache  inroads  about  1672  ;  then  followed 
the  Pueblo  revolt  of  1680  in  which  the  Jumanos  did  not  participate. 
While  the  rebellion  was  still  in  progress,  i.  e.,  Oct.  20,  1683,  a  delega- 
tion of  some  200  of  the  tribe  visited  5)1  Paso,  then  the  seat  of  the 
New  Mexican  government,  and  petitioned  for  missionaries,  stating 
that  thirty-two  nations  were  waiting  for  baptism,  because,  being  on 
the  point  of  a  great  battle  and  anxious  because  thej'  were  few,  while 
the  enemy  numbered  over  30,000,  they  invoked  the  aid  of  the  cross  as 
their  forefathers  had  done  when  they  defeated  their  enemies  and 
gained  much  spoils  of  war  without  losing  a  man.  The  relation  of 
this  miracle  proved  to  be  only  a  ruse  that  the  Spaniards  might  be  in- 
duced to  accompany  the  Jumanos  across  the  Conchas  to  their  territory 
without  fear  of  the  Apaches  who  were  blocking  the  way.  Neverthe- 
less, the  friars  believed  the  story,  and  three  of  them  accompanied 
the  Indians  back  to  their  home,  but  found  so  many  Jumanos  and 
Te  jas  (Texas  :  specifically  the  Asenai)  that  they  returned  to  Fl  Paso 
for  assistance.  The  matter  was  referred  to  the  Viceroy,  who  in  turn 
presented  it  to  the  King's  treasurer,  but  orders  came  to  defer  mission- 
ary work  and  devote  attention  to  the  reconquest  of  the  province.  Not- 
withstanding, there  is  evidence  that  some  missionaries  (probably  the 
party  composed  of  Nicolas  L-opez,  Juan  de  Zavaleta,  and  Antonio 
Acebedo)  went  to  the  Jumano  country  in  1684  by  way  of  the  Conchas 
(Acebedo  remaining  at  the  Junta  de  los  Rios),  thence  on  through  the 
plains  across  the  Pecos  and  into  the  Jumano  country  of  southern 
Texas.  It  has  already  been  observed  (see  the  Salas  note)  that  the 
Jumanos  covered  a  wide  range  in  the  latter  part  of  the  seventeenth 
century,  extending  at  least  from  Arkansas  river  in  Kansas  to  south- 
ern Texas.  Under  the  name  of  Chaumans  they  were  found  in  Texas 
in  1687,  by  the  members  of  Iva  Salle's  ill-fated  expedition — but  the 
references  to  the  tribe  about  this  period  are  far  too  numerous  to  men- 
tion, and  but  few  of  them  shed  light  on  its  characteristics.  With  the 
opening  of  the  eighteenth  century  the  Comanches — an  offshoot  of  the 
Shoshones  of  the  north — made  their  appearance  in  the  southern 
plains,  having  drifted  with  the  buffalo,  and  alternately  traded  with 
and  preyed  on  the  Pueblos,  at  the  same  time  widening  the  breach  be- 
tween them  and  the  Jumanos.  During  the  eighteenth  century  the 
latter  are  frequently  mentioned,  but,  as  before,  they  were  here  today, 
there  tomorrow,  leading  the  life  of  veritable  nomads.  Once  or  twice 
after  I^a  Salle's  time  they  are  recorded  in  the  French  history  of  the 
western  Mississippi  drainage,  and  as  late  as  the  middle  of  the  nine- 
teenth century  were  mentioned  in  connection  with  the  Kiowas,  since 
which  time  no  reference  to  them  seems  to  ha.ve  been  made  in  literature. 
Bandelier  in  1890   found  a  trace  of  the  Jumanos  dating  about  1855, 


52  LAND    OF   SUNSHINE. 

when  they  were  living-  in  Texas  *'  not  far  from  the  Comanches."  In 
1895  the  present  writer  was  informed  by  the  venerable  Jos^  Miguel 
P^co  (Zu-w^-ng'),  a  native  of  Pecos,  then  residing-  at  Jemez,  but  since 
deceased,  that  he  remembered  having  seen  some  Hum^nesh,  as  he 
called  them,  many  years  ago.  They  lived  in  tepees,  he  said,  not  in 
houses,  a  month's  journey  from  the  Rio  Grande,  in  the  '*  Sierra  Ju- 
manos."  They  differed  somewhat  from  the  Comanches  whom  his 
people  called  Ko-mS^nt'-sesh. 

43.  As  Benavides  himself  refers  to  the  labors  of  Fray  Juan  de 
Salas  in  New  Mexico  during  "years  back,"  and  as  there  is  no  men- 
tion of  this  friar  by  Perea,  it  is  evident  that  Fray  Juan  went  to  New 
Mexico  at  least  as  early  as  the  first  part  of  Benavides's  custodian- 
ship. In  1629  he  resided  in  the  monastery  which  he  had  erected  at 
San  Antonio  de  la  Isleta,  of  which  pueblo  he  became  the  first  mis- 
sionary, probably  in  1622,  whence  he  ministered  also  to  the  Indians  of 
the  Salinas,  including  the  Jumanos,  until  1629,  when  the  arrival  of 
the  thirty  new  missionaries  under  Perea,  as  Benavides  relates,  en- 
abled the  establishment  of  independent  missions  in  that  region.  On 
July  22,  1629,  some  50  Jumanos  appeared  at  Isleta,  where  the  custo- 
dian (probably  Perea)  was  then  staying,  to  renew  their  oft-repeated 
request  for  resident  missionaries,  which  had  always  been  refused  on 
account  of  the  rapidly  diminishing  force.  It  is  this  visit  to  which 
Benavides  refers.  Fray  Diego  Lopez,  Salas's  companion  on  the 
journey  to  the  Jumanos,  was  probably  also  in  New  Mexico  when 
Perea  arrived;  although  among  the  followers  of  that  custodian  were 
Fr.  Thomas  de  San  Diego y  Fr.  Diego  de  la  Fuente,  and  Fr.  Diego  de 
San  L<ucas,  all  of  whom  were  assigned  to  the  *'  great  town  of  the  Hu- 
manas  and  those  called  Pyros  and  Tonpiros."  It  is  hardly  believable 
that  the  Jumanos  ever  occupied  a  typical  pueblo  in  this  region,  or  in- 
deed, anywhere  else.  Their  habitat,  or  tribal  range,  was  at  this  time 
some  112  leagues  or  295  miles  eastward  from  the  Rio  Grande,  as  Ben- 
avides says,  and  it  is  more  likely  that  the  mission  of  San  Isidore 
(probably  never  designed  to  be  permanent)  was  established  at  one  of 
the  Piro  pueblos  (possibly  Tabird)  for  their  benefit.  However  this 
may  have  been,  the  mission  of  San  Isidore  did  not  exist  long,  nor 
did  Salas  remain  with  the  Jumanos  for  an  extended  period,  since  in 
1632,  acompanied  by  Diego  Ortego  and  a  small  guard,  he  again 
visited  the  Jumanos  on  a  stream  appropriately  called  the  Nueces, 
which  in  1650  was  said  to  flow  southeastwardly  for  fifty  leagues 
through  the  country  of  the  Kscanjaques  and  Aijoas.  This  must 
have  been  Arkansas  river  within  the  present  Kansas  limits.  In  1643 
Salas  was  priest  at  Quarrd  or  Cuaraf,  and  about  1650  Ger6nimo  de  la 
Ivlana  assumed  charge  of  this  mission,  possibly  on  account  of  Salas's 
death.  At  the  time  of  the  destruction  of  the  pueblos  of  the  Salinas 
by  the  Apaches,  about  the  year  1672,  the  New  Mexican  Jumanos  re- 
sided fifteen  leagues  eastward  of  those  towns  and  were  administered 
by  the  priest  at  Quarrd.  The  name  of  the  Jumano  settlement  is 
preserved  in  the  '*  Mesa  Jumanes  "  of  present-day  maps.  See  the 
note  on  the  Jumano  tribe. 


S3 

Accurate   California    Statistics. 

GjTTis  too  common  a  habit  to  g-uess  at  statistics,  instead  of  compiling- 
J  them — and  always  to  gniess  large  enoug-h.  Accurate  ofl&cial  fig- 
^  ures  are  at  best  hard  to  collate;  particularly  in  the  Western  states, 
where  our  political  machinery  does  not  yet  include  Bureaus  of 
Statistics,  and  the  other  departments  are  sometimes  too  busy,  and 
sometimes  too  lazy,  to  be  of  much  service  to  the  statistician.  For 
instance,  if  there  is  any  man  alive  who  knows  how  many  churches 
there  are  in  California,  of  how  many  denominations,  total  member- 
ship and  total  valuation  of  property,  he  will  confer  a  favor  by  making 
the  information  public.  And  so  in  a  score  of  items  the  student 
wishes  to  know.  Who  can  tell  how  many  miles  of  irrigation  ditches 
there  are  in  the  State,  what  they  represent  as  investment,  how  many 
acres  they  serve,  and  other  points  in  the  very  spinal  marrow  of  our 
prosperity  ?     No  one,  perhaps,  this  side  of  God. 

Having  discovered  in  bitterness  the  difficulty  of  obtaining,  for  other 
work  on  California,  tabulated  statements  which  were  more  than  hope- 
ful estimates  and  of  reasonable  modernness,  the  editor  purposes  to 
give  a  page  or  so  of  the  magazine  regularly  to  accurate  statistics,  and 
to  occasional  comparative  analyses  of  these  statistics.  1  Thus  in  time 
there  will  be  a  valuable  mass  for  reference. 

Some  valuable  tabulations  are  given  in  the  annual  review  (1900)  of 
the  California  Fruit  Grower,  San  Francisco ;  some  by  U.  S.  census 
bulletins  already  issued  for  the  census  of  1900 ;  and  some  in  various 
state  reports — but  as  a  rule  they  are  not  collated  in  the  form  most 
convenient  for  reference  and  comparison;  and  even  the  following 
simple  tabulations  have  involved  the  consultation  of  more  than  60 
authorities. 

CAWFORNIA  STATE  GAIN  IN  POPUI.ATION,  1850-1900. 

U-S-  Poniiiatinn  Increase. 

Census.  Population.  Number.        Percent. 

1850 92,597  

1860 379,994               287,397  310.3 

1870 560,247               180,253  47.4 

1880 864,694              304,447  54.3 

1890 1,208,130               343,436  39.7 

1900 1,485,053               276,923  22.9 

Average  gain  of  the  United  States,  1890-1900,  not  quite  21.0. 

Population  of  California  per  square  mile,  1900,  9.05. 

INCREASE  PER  CENT.   1880-1890  (u.  S.   CENSUS,   1890). 

Cal.  Whole  U.  S. 

Manufactures 84    74 

Total  value  lands,  fences,  and  buildings,  farms.  166     32 

Number  farms 47     14 

Acreage  farms 29     15 

Value  farm  implements 74     25 

Value  live  stock 70     46 

Total  value  property 88    40 

Value  per  capita 35      19 

Total  value  farm  produce 46    11 


54  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

STATISTICS   OF   EDUCATION   IN   CAWFORNIA. 

(Report  of  U.  S.  Commissioner  of  Education— 1897-98.) 

Most  of  these  fig-ures  are  greatly  increased  since  18%,  upon  data  of  which  year  the 

report  is  based. 
_  .       ,  T.T       1,         No.  of         Pupils  Value  of 

Schools.  Number,  teachers,    enrolled.        property. 

State  Normal 4  74  1,892  760,000 

Private  Normal 3  8  76         

Public  Hi^h  Schools 96  478        12,784        2,056,965 

Private  High  Schools  and  Acade- 
mies       63  293  6,735  

14  City  School  Systems — in  cities 

over  8,000 274        2,571*    113,439        9,588,811 

6  in  Cities  between  4,000  and  8,000        6  183  7,183  

Free  Public  Kindergartens 65  136  4,580  

Private  Kindergartens 87  146  2,927  

Common  Schools 3,644        7,432t     259,459      17,549,468 

State  Institute  for  Deaf  and  Blind        1  15  171  300,000 

State  Institute  for  Feeble-minded 

Children 1  22  550  250,000 

Public  Day  School  for  Deaf 1      

Private  Day  School  for  Deaf 3      

There  were  also  20,620  pupils  in  Private  Schools. 

Average   number   secondary  pupils  enrolled    u.  S.— Total— California 
per  1000  population 8.60  11.06 

Average  number  students  in  higher  education    1.98  3.15 

Average  monthlv  pay  of  teachers  in  public 
schools ' $45.00  $77.00 

Manual  training  is  taught  in  the  public  schools  of  San  Francisco, 
Los  Angeles,  Oakland,  Stockton,  San  Diego,  Fresno,  Santa  Barbara 
and  Santa  Cruz. 

CURED  FRUIT  OUTPUT,  1889.     (Exccpt  Raisius  and  Prunes.)  Pounds 

Peaches 34,800,000 

Apricots 11,600,000 

Apples 5,900,000 

Figs 5,800,000 

Plums 3,360,000 

Nectarines 840,000 

Grapes, 440,000 

Total  in  1899 66,440,000 

Total  in  1891 40,210,000 

eKOWTH  OF  FRUIT  AND  NUT  SHIPMENTS  IN  10  YEARS.      (In  tOQS  Of  2,000  pOUnds). 

1890  1899 

Fresh  Deciduous  Fruit 34,043  96,950 

Oranges  and  L,emons 34,219  131,917 

Cured  Fruit,  including  Prunes 32,310  86,930 

Raisins 20,265  36,010 

Canned  Fruits  and  Vegetables 40,069  75,240 

Walnuts  and  Almonds 789  6,609 

Kind                            FARM  ANIMALS,  JAN.  1,  1898.t           Number  Value 

Horses 417,3%  $12,085,909 

Mules : 56,898  2,180,836 

Milch  Cows 342,392  9,809,531 

Other  Cattle 810,615  15,328,334 

Sheep 2,589,935  5,789,915 

Swine 467,676  1,906,247 

Totals 4,684,912  $47,096,772 

No  figures  for  poultry  given. 


*  Includes  166  snpervisinflr  officers.       t  Male  1,407;  female  6,025. 
Assessor's  fiffures,  notoriously  too  small. 


55 

Te  Deum  Laudamus. 

BY  EUGENE   MANLOVE   RHODES. 

Our  foes  are  fallen — are  fallen — the  victory  is  to  force  ! 

Crushed  the  cowards  who  barred  the  path  of  our  civilizing  course. 

Scorned  are  their  craven  scruples — the  dogs  of  war  are  freed, 

And  feeble  folk  shall  bear  our  yoke  to  serve  us  in  our  need. 

The  coward's  plea  that  all  men  are  free  we  have  proven  of  little 

worth, 
And  our  empire's  mighty  arms  shall  stretch  to  the  ends  of  all  the 

earth. 
The  fools  who  dared  withstand  us — bound  to  our  chariot  wheels 
Shall  dream  in  vain  they  may  break  our  chain  and  know  how  a  free 

man  feels. 
In  vain  they  cry  to  the  pitiless  sky — there  is  no  one  to  hear, 
But  the  victor's  song  as  it  swelleth  strong  shall  chill  their  hearts 

with  fear  ; 
Savage  and  brown  we  shall  beat  them  down  ;  crouched  at  our  feet  at 

length, 
Bondmen   all  they  shall  bide  in   thrall   to   the   white   man's   giant 

strength. 
With  a  traitor's  shame  we  shall  brand  his  name,  who,  in  his  native 

land. 
Presumptuous,  'gainst  our  conquering  flag  raised  his  rebellious  band; 
And  the  women  of    the  vanquished  shall    share    the  vanquished's 

shame, 
And  bear  the  white  man's  children — to  lack  the  white  man's  name. 

Our  foes  are  fallen — are  fallen  !     Proud  to  mine  ear  there  comes 

The  blaring  of  the  bugles — the  bawling  of  the  drums. 

Who  prates  of  right  or  justice  now  ?     Our  destiny  is  war  ! 

Where  glory  waits  at  the  sunset  gates  we  bear  our  flag  afar  ; 

And  none  but  recreants  falter,  blind,  stubborn,  lost  to  shame. 

To  follow  where  its  folds  shall  lead  to  Power  and  Wealth  and  Fame  ! 

Broken  the  spell  of  idle  dreams  left  from  our  outworn  past. 

And  the  gyves  that  bound  our  mighty  limbs  are  snapped  in  twain  at 

last. 
The  words  of  Christ  our  armies  spread  and  bid  His  Church  increase — 
The  kind  and  gentle,  the  meek  and  mild,  the  lowly  Prince  of  Peace — 
For  the  holy  name  of  Freedom  and  the  Glory  of  our  God, 
The  blood  of  I^uzon's  children  smokes  up  from  Luzon's  sod ; 
And  o'er  their  swollen  corpses  the  vultures  wheel  in  glee 
Who  dared  to  die  for  the  ancient  lie  that  God  made  allimen  Free;! 

Tuluosa,  N.  M. 


56 


THB 

GRBY 

MOTHER. 


OUR 


'PRBNTICB 
DAYS 


The  Den  is  dim  this  month.  It  is  at  best  but  room  for  the  Irion's 
passing  thought;  and  today  his  thought  paces  up  and  down  a  narrow 
bound.  He  has  just  closed  the  eyes  of  one  he  hoped  should  one  day 
do  that  office  for  him.  He  has  just  surrendered  to  the  incorrupting 
flames  the  fair  husk  of  what  had  been  his  tawny-maned  cub  ;  the  lad 
he  would  have  made  a  Man  ;  the  lad  who  was  a  Man  at  six — an  old- 
fashioned,  gentle,  fearless  little  knight,  whose  first  thought  was 
always  for  others ;  whose  last  words,  in  the  agony  for  breath,  were 
**  Yes,  please  ;"  a  lad  so  big-eyed  and  slender  and  girlish-sweet  that 
one  half-thought  Nature  had  misdressed  him,  until  one  noted  that  his 
undefiant  eye  never  fell  before  any  eye,  nor  ever  wavered  ;  that  he 
never  lied  nor  dodged,  nor  shirked  his  fault,  nor  skulked  from  its 
consequence.  And  when  an  18-year-old  bully  made  to  duck  his  pet 
kitten,  he  went  white  and  snatched  a  club  and  fairly  awed  the  burly 
tormentor  off  the  field.  L<ove,  we  are  born  into;  but  to  win  respect 
is  victory  for  a  lifetime,  long  or  short.  It  is  well  with  the  boy.  But 
the  L/ion  had  not  cubs  to  spare. 

We  least  discuss  the  thing  that  is  next  us  all.  After  our 
coming,  our  only  unanimous  share  is  to  go.  Health,  love, 
happiness — these  are  for  many,  perhaps  for  most,  but  at 
least  some  fail  of  them.  And  we  talk  of  these  matters  every  day* 
But  there  is  one  surety  for  every  mother's  son — that  he  shall  in  his 
time  rest  him  in  [the  lap  of  the  dark  All-Mother.  And  of  her  we 
t  hink  and  speak  only  upon  compulsion,  and  with  a  shiver  as  if  she 
were  our  Foe,  and  as  if  we  could  dodge  her  by  evading  her  name. 

The  Lion  has  known  Death  in  many  forms  and  in  many  lands,  and 
many  times  thought  to  be  elect  of  it ;  and  whether  seen  or  appre- 
hended, it  has  never  seemed  to  him  hideous.  In  a  decent  world,  noth- 
ing which  is  universal  and  inevitable  can  be  hideous.  Its  settings 
may  be  cruel ;  but  Death  itself  is  not  hard — as  probably  all  know 
who  have  often  faced  the  grey  Change.  Nor  have  I  ever  seen  one 
die  afraid.  The  swift  pat  of  a  bullet,  the  sweet  drowsiness  of 
mortal  cold,  the  queer,  weak  content  of  an  unstanched  bleeding,  the 
mechanical  halt  of  breath  in  a  peaceful  bed — none  of  that  is  hard. 
It  is  easy  to  die.     It  is  not  even  an  effort. 

To  live  is  work.    Inside  us,  but  without  our  mandate,  our 
ceaseless  navvies  of  heart  and  lungs  toil  over  their  unbroken 
tread-mill.     That  two-pound  valve — the  only  muscle  which 
is  independent  of  its  landlord's  will — lifts  more  in  a  lifetime  than  its 


IN    THE    LION'S    DEN.  57 

200-pound  owner  could.  And  all  this  strang-e,  involuntary,  tremend" 
ous  eng-inery  travails  without  rest  that  we  may  be  thing-s  that  be- 
yond it  all  shall,  for  ourselves,  toil  and  hope,  win  and  lose,  love 
bitter-sweet,  and  be  bereaved  even  as  we  love  ;  that  we  shall  have 
our  faiths  and  our  doubting-s,  our  ideals  and  our  disillusions,  our  joys 
and  our  agonies.  If  it  were  as  cruel  to  die  as  to  be  left,  the  world 
would  be  a  mad-house.     But  it  is  no  trouble  to  die. 

But  we  who  must  for  now  stay  this  side  that  impenetrable        THie 
door  our  hopes  have   passed — how  shall  we  do  ?     Shall  we  harder 

beat  upon  its  unechoing-  panel,  and  cry  aloud  ?     Shall  we  lie  part. 

dumb  beside  it,  useless  to  them  that  are  still  unushered  as  to  him  who 
has  passed  through  ?  Shall  we  treat  it  as  a  special  trap  laid  by 
Providence  to  pinch  Us  ?  Is  it  an  affront  and  robbery  ?  A  personal 
spite  of  heaven  upon  our  marked  head  ?  Shall  we  be  broken,  or 
bitter,  or  hardened  ? 

Or  shall  we  g-o  on  the  more  like  men,  for  having-  now  all  man's 
burdens,  in  the  ranks  that  need  us  ?  Shall  we  envy  them  that  are 
spared  our  pain,  or  find  new  sympathy  for  the  innumerable  company 
that  have  tasted  the  cup  before  us,  and  the  greater  hosts  that  shall 
taste  it  after?  Shall  we  "  won't  play"  because  the  game  is  against 
us  ?  Or  play  it  the  more  steadily  and  the  more  worthily  for  very 
love  and  honor  of  the  dead  ?  These  are  new  questions  the  Lion  has 
to  ask  himself.  Perhaps  it  will  do  no  harm  to  ask  them  out  loud. 
For  there  are  others  at  the  same  cold  blackboard  even  now. 

They  who  have  lived  and  suffered  should  be  able  to  under-        but 
stand    the   springs  of    human    action.     I  can    comprehend  ^S  WK 

how  men  lie,  steal,  murder.  EJven  how  men,  for  a  child's 
death,  curse  God — and  accurse  all  in  His  image  that  are  bounden  to 
them.  They  see  it  that  way — and  man  always  justifies  himself 
somehow  for  whatever  he  does.  But,  from  another  point  of  view, 
that  all  seems  impudent  and  cowardly.  If  a  man  cared  really  more 
for  his  child  than  for  himself,  should  it  not  occur  to  him  that  the 
only  thing  he  can  do  now  for  that  promoted  soul  is  to  be  worthier  to 
have  begotten  it  ?  To  be  a  wiser  man,  a  juster  man,  a  tenderer  man; 
a  little  gentler  to  the  weak,  a  little  less  timorous  of  **  advantage," 
a  little  more  unswerving  in  duty  as  I  see  it,  a  little  more  self-search- 
ing to  be  sure  I  see  it  straight — what  else  can  I  do  now  for  my  little 
boy  ?  It  is  good  to  remember;  but  the  vitality  of  remembering  is  to 
Do  for  its  sake. 

How  to    "bound"  God,  like  sing-song    children    in    the        our 
geography,  I  have  not  the  remotest  idea.     I  know  nothing  common 

of  Him,  except  that  He  is  the  Best  I  Know.     But  perhaps  ground. 

we  can  all  agree  that  the  nearest  we  futile  mites  ever  come  to  the 
Infinite  is  in  our  home.  If  God  is  not  lodged  in  a  baby's  love  for 
father  and  mother,  and  in  their  love  for  him — why,  the  poor  coward 
that  Denies  is  right,  after  all.  Whatever  it  is,  whoever  it  is,  that  can 
«voke  from  my  body  a  frail  new  life  stronger  than  my  own,  a  new 


SBB. 


58 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


soul  to  love  me  and  to  teach  me  a  greater  love  ;  that  can  uphold  me — 
or  give  me  to  uphold  myself — when  the  candle  of  my  hope  goes  out 
and  I  am  left  groping  in  the  dark — so  much  I  can  call  God.  I  could 
not  call  so  a  Power  so  unoccupied  as  to  busy  itself  with  lending  me 
a  child  till  it  should  be  half  my  soul,  and  then  calling  in  the  loan  to 
see  me  squirm  or  because  He  needed  that  gentle  companionship  more 
than  I  did.  Whatsoever  the  Power  is  which  goes  by  many  names, 
and  in  as  many  dimensions  as  there  are  men,  it  is  adequate  and  it  is 
trustworthy — and  trust  means  to  trust  when  it  is  hard.  And  the  one 
reason  why  death  is  bearable  from  outside  is  because  life  is  appointed 
a  chance  to  earn  its  rest,  and  because  love  can  outlast  it. 


A  GOOD  Out  of  his  pain,  the  Lion  wishes  a  good  New  Year  to  all 

NEW  the  world.    To  his  friends,  that  they  be  not  so  hardly  tested, 

YEAR 

if  SO  may  be  ;  but  that  in  any  event  they  may  have  the 
mastery.  To  his  enemies — who  are  next-best,  for  while  friends 
share  our  sorrows,  a  good  foe  can  help  us  drown  them — either  better 
eyesight  (for  we  are  all  only  as  we  see),  or  more  muscle  in  their 
myopy.  Wanton  riot  is  out  of  the  L/ion's  way  ;  but  he  does  not  know 
of  anything  just  now  which  could  so  assuage  him  as  to  have  some 
one  come  along  looking  for  trouble  to  some  cause  he  loves. 

To  his  country,  full  use  of  its  conscience — which  would  include  all 
the  details  one  could  ask. 

To  the  men  across  the  world,  whose  homes  are  burned,  whose  wives 
and  babes  are  being  cattled  in  corrals,  who  patriotism  is  proclaimed 
infamy,  whose  only  hope  is  their  rifles  and  their  God — to  them  good 
cheer  and  more  power.  They  never  shall  have  failed  utterly,  so  long 
as  one  stranger's  heart  burns  for  them.  May  they  have  many  a 
Magaliesburg.  May  their  stout  hearts  And,  this  year,  what  they 
have  earned  by  a  devotion  unsurpassed  in  history — the  independence 
of  their  mother-land. 

To  their  oppressor,  as  friendly  a  wish — that  she  may  conquer  not 
the  Boers  but  her  own  baser  passions. 

To  the  brown  men  in  our  own  crown  colonies,  success,  not  in  kill- 
ing American  soldiers,  but  in  stirring  American  hearts.  May  they 
be  given,  in  the  dawn  of  the  20th  century,  the  noblest  gift  a  nation 
ever  gave — justice.  Not  education  by  compulsion,  not  benevolence, 
not  electric  lights  and  cars,  but  Freedom.  For  their  freedom  means 
ours. 

To  all  and  several,  the  best  one  year  can  bring — not,  perhaps,  the 
easiest,  but  the  Best.  If  right  to  stay  right ;  if  wrong  to  be  set 
right.  And  whether  it  is  to  be  a  good  New  Year  or  not,  is  in  our 
own  hands,  each  for  himself  and  for  so  many  as  he  can  reach. 

AS  ONE  Those  who  find  it  easier  (as  perhaps  we  all  do)  to  decide 

HAVING  what  is  right  and  what  is  wrong  after  some  voice  of  au- 

AUTHOKITY.  thority  has  spoken,  may  venture  to  begin  to  have  convic- 
tions after  Benjamin  Harrison's  superb  Ann  Arbor  speech.  Mr. 
Harrison  was,  not  so  very  long  ago.  President  of  the  United  States, 


rHE    LION'S    DEN.  59 

and  therefore  infallible  ;  and  it  would  be  a  pity  to  believe  that  the 
term  ends  all  his  brains.  He  is  also  a  Republican,  a  very  faithful 
party  man  ;  is  recog-nized  as  the  ablest  lawyer  of  those  who  have 
held  the  ofiice  since  I^incoln,  and  as  a  conservative  of  the  conserva- 
tives; so  his  plain  and  powerful  arraignment,  both  on  moral  and 
constitutional  grounds,  of  our  course  in  the  Philippines  is  rather 
startling.  When  that  sort  of  a  man  speaks  out,  it  is  time  for  the 
rest  of  us  to  listen  and  to  think.  He  is  neither  a  stiffneck  like  Reed, 
nor  sentimental  like  Hoar,  nor  impulsive  like  Mason.  livery  thing 
considered,  his  deliverance  is  perhaps  the  most  impressive  that  has 
yet  been  made  upon  a  theme  we  must  all  discuss  pretty  thoroughly 
before  we  are  done  with  it.  And,  perhaps  unconsciously,  we  are 
coming  to  realize  that  ;  for  no  one  has  yet  called  ex-President  Har- 
rison a  '*  traitor,"  nor  proposed  stopping  his  mail. 

There  is  no  special  uncertainty  about  his  utterances,  either.  He 
voted  for  Mr.  McKinley,  but  does  not  seem  to  have  thought  that  he 
was  giving  a  mortgage  on  his  brains,  lungs  and  conscience.  He 
seems  to  think  that  right  and  wrong,  wisdom  and  unwisdom,  justice 
and  oppression  are  still  jobs  for  an  American  to  put  his  own  head 
and  heart  to  work  upon,  even  after  he  has  voted. 

The  Constitution  follows  the  flag,  says  Mr.  Harrison.    The        our 
Constitution  covers  Puerto  Rico  and  the  Philippines — the  crown 

whole  Constitution,  not  the  part  some  administration  may 
find  it  convenient  to  apply.  He  even  calls  the  Imperial  idea  of  what 
we  can  do  with  our  colonies,  "shocking  " — as  God  knows  it  is — and 
with  calm  mercilessness  flays  the  awful  cant  of  "God's  having  put 
these  responsibilities  upon  us."  Our  fathers  fought  not  for  privi- 
leges but  for  rights  ;  they  meant  those  rights  should  be  for  all  men. 
"The  man  who  has  to  depend  upon  benevolence  for  his  laws  is  a 
slave,"  says  Mr.  Harrison,  with  almost  brutal  truth.  And  he  says, 
with  as  little  dodging  : 

**  A  government  of  unlimited  and  absolute  executive  powers  [and 
that  is  what  we  are  applying  in  the  Islands]  is  not  an  American  gov- 
ernment. For  one,  I  do  not  believe  the  makers  of  our  Constitution 
ever  intended  to  confer  the  power  of  any  such  government  over  any 
one  in  the  Constitution.  It  is  not  right  to  say  that  because  of 
slavery  our  fathers  did  not  mean  all  men.  It  is  a  different  thing  to 
allow  an  existing  condition  to  continue,  from  creating  an  entirely 
different  condition  to  meet  commercial  necessity." 

"No  man  can  read  that  schedule  of  rights  which  the  President 
gave  to  the  Philippine  Commission,  in  an  inverse  order,  without 
horror.  Did  you  ever  read  one  of  the  treaties  made  by  the  United 
States  with  an  Old  World  Power?  One  on  side  they  speak  of  the 
'  subjects  of  her  majesty,'  and  on  the  other  '  the  citizens  of  the 
United  States.'  Now  if  these  provisions,  guaranteed  to  citizens  of 
the  United  States,  do  not  apply  to  the  citizens  of  the  Philippine 
Islands,  it  is  time  for  us  to  amend  these  treaties  by  adding  *  and  sub- 
jects '  after  the  words,  '  and  citizens  of  the  United  States.'  " 

"  The  Constitution  provisions  regulating  the  crime  of  treason  seem 
to  apply  to  these  people.  We  have  never  had  any  trouble  with  this 
question  in  our  government  of  the  territories  before.     What  have  we 


60  LAND    or   SUNSHINE. 

been  doing  ?  Have  we  acquired  these  territories  that  we  might  hold 
them  for  crown  colonies  ?" 

THR  "But  do  you  not  see,"  continues  the  ex-President,  "that 

GRAVER  there  is  a  graver  peril  hanging  over  us  ?     Are  the  rights  of 

PERiiv.  the  people  upon  the  mainland  secure  when  we  exercise  arbi- 
trary power  over  people  from  whom  we  demand  entire  obedience  ? 
The  flag  cannot  stand  for  the  benevolent  policies  of  the  administra- 
tion. It  must  stand  for  permanency.  Is  it  not  a  mockery  to  raise 
the  flag  over  the  people  of  Puerto  Rico  and  bid  them  respect  it,  and 
then  issue  to  them  an  absolute  power  of  government  from  the  staff 
beneath  ?  If  the  act  of  annexation  does  not  carry  the  Constitution, 
I  can  think  of  nothing  that  does.  The  Constitution  goes  to  annexed 
territory  because  of  the  act. 

"A  gentleman  wrote  me  that  it  was  absolutely  necessary  to  pass 
the  Puerto  Rican  tariff  to  protect  the  beet-sugar  business.  I  thanked 
him,  but  I  could  not  see  that  it  referred  to  the  question.  The  fact 
that  we  give  all  the  money  secured  by  the  tariff  back  to  Puerto  Rico 
does  not  affect  the  question.  It  did  not  satisfy  our  fathers  when  it 
was  proposed  to  expend  the  money  derived  from  the  Stamp  Act  in 
this  country. 

'*  The  recent  acquisitions  from  Spain  may  present  a  question  of 
greater  loss  than  gain.  You  will  pardon  me  if  I  cannot  rejoice 
because  of  the  acquirement  of  territory  which  must  be  governed 
by  authority  rather  than  by  the  provisions  of  that  grand  old  Consti- 
tution. 

*'  In  conclusion,  allow  me  to  suggest  the  sentiment :  *  God  forbid 
that  the  day  should  ever  come  when  the  thought  of  man  as  a  con- 
sumer should  absorb  that  grand  old  doctrine  that  man  is  a  creation  of 
God  endowed  with  inalienable  rights.'  " 

COUNTING  Up  to  Christmas,  1900,  England's  attempt  to  kill  off  the 

THE  South  African  Republics  has  cost  her  five  hundred  million 

^^^'^'  dollars  ;  has  disabled  70,000  of  her  sons  (11,000  died  of 
wounds,  13,000  wounded,  12,000  in  hospitals  in  Africa,  36,000  "re- 
turned to  England  sick,  wounded,  or  died  on  passage  ")  ;  and  has 
stripped  her  of  the  last  vestige  of  military  "glory."  The  way  of 
the  transgressor  is  hard.  And  the  end  is  not  in  sight.  The  war  is 
now  in  British  territory  ;  Cape  Colony  is  invaded,  Kimberly  is  cut 
off,  British  regiments  and  guns  are  being  captured  by  the  men  whose 
farms  have  been  burned  and  their  wives  and  children  herded  inside 
barbed  wire.  And  the  real  English  people — the  people  we  love  as 
much  as  we  despise  their  politicians — are  beginning  to  be  heard  from, 
even  as  they  were  a  century  and  a  quarter  ago  when  the  politicians 
waged  as  cruel  and  as  shameless  a  war. 

Even  so,  also,  the  American  people  are  beginning  to  think  about 
their  own  politician-made  war. 

HOW  IT  The  sane  and  sober  Dial,  touching  the  Ross  case,  says  : 

l<OOKS  TO  «*  It  was,  of  course,  to  be  expected  that  the  matter  would  be 

SCHOLARS,      made  the  most  of  by  sensation-seeking  newspapers.     .     .     . 

Broadly  viewed,  it  seems  less  a  question  of  academic  freedom  than 

academic  common  sense The  instructor  questioning  in 

his  class-room  the  legitimacy  of  the  fortune  by  which  the  University 
had  been  established,  while  not  scrupling  to  accept  a  portion  of  the 
same  fortune  in  payment  of  his   professional  salary.     Now  if  these 


IN    THE    LION'S    DEN.  61 

things  were  true,  or  Mrs.  Stanford  believed  them  to  be  true,  her  re- 
sentment was  natural  and  inevitable  ;  and  in  any  event,  it  seems  to 
us  that  such  generous  devotion  and  boundless  liberality  as  she  has 
shown  to  the  institution  whose  welfare  lies  so  near  her  heart,  might 
fairly  have  entitled  her  to  more  considerate  and  more  kindly  treat- 
ment than  she  has  received  from  some  quarters.  We  do  not  believe, 
from  all  we  know  of  this  case,  that  the  principle  of  freedom  in 
teaching-  is  in  any  serious  danger  at  Stanford  University.  It  cer- 
tainly could  not  suffer  at  the  hands  of  President  Jordan,  who  was 
sufficiently  well  known  both  for  character  and  scholarship  before 
he  went  out  to  make  Stanford  University  i  one  of  the  greatest 
civilizing  influences,  and  himself  one  of  the  greatest  individual  forces 
for  good,  on  the  Pacific  Coast." 

The  Columbia  College  "  Hall  of  Fame  "  includes  various  more  or 
less  useful  Americans  and  excludes  Edgar  Allan  Poe.  This  is  one 
of  the  few  things  for  which  Columbia  College  has  ever  been  famed. 

"We  are  kin  in  sin,"  says  Mark  Twain  of  the  Boer  and  Philippine 
oppressions. 

It  is  a  startling  fact,  revealed  by  the  12th  U.  S.  Census,        a  i^ksson 
that  the  city  of  Ivos  Angeles  has  not  only  grown  faster  than  in  The 

any  other  in  the  American  Union,  between  1890  and  1900,  but  CENSUS, 

that  it  utterly  distances  all  the  others  in  its  own  State.  It  has  gained 
within  727  of  as  many  new  citizens  as  all  the  other  cities  in  the  State 
put  together  (except  San  Francisco)  which  now  have  over  10,000  popu- 
lation ;  and  8,339  more  than  the  big  metropolis,  which  for  nearly  half 
a  century  was  California.     This  little  table  is  very  significant : 

CITY  1890  1900  GAIN 

Oakland 48,682  66,960  18,728 

Sacramento 26,386  29,282  2,896 

San  Diego 16,159  17,700  1,541 

Stockton 14,424  17,506  3,082 

Alameda 11,165  16,464  5,299 

Fresno 10,818  12,470  1,652 

SanJos6 10,000  21,500  11,500 

Berkeley 5,101  13,214  8,113 

Totals  IJight  Cities 142,735  195,096  52,811 

Ivos  Angeles 50,395  102,479  52,084 

San  Francisco 298,997  342,742  43,785 

But  what  does  it  all  mean  ?  That  L<os  Angeles  is  intrinsically  so 
much  superior  to  all  parts  of  California?  The  Ivion  thinks  not — and 
he  lives  in  Ivos  Angeles.  God  has  been  good  to  all  the  State.  All  of 
it  is  better  than  the  home  of  any  one  of  its  million  and  a  quarter  im- 
migrants, and  as  good  as  any  of  us  shall  know  this  side  of  the  Other 
Country.  This  astonishing  preponderance  of  one  end  of  the  State  is 
no  reason  for  any  more  of  the  miserable  and  ignorant  jealousies  of 
which  we  have  had  too  much  already.  It  means  something  more  than 
that.  God  has  not  busied  Himself  in  giving  real-estate  minds  some- 
thing to  strut  over.  It  means  that,  with  equal  natural  advantages,  the 
people  of  one  section  have  stumbled  into  a  wiser  improvement  of 
them — and  that  the  people  of  the  other  section  had  better  learn.  It 
is  a  complicated  affair,  but  the  backbone  of  it  is  that  the  part  of  Cali- 
fornia which  is  growing  enormously  faster  than  all  the  rest  is  the 
part  which  realizes  the  necessity  of  communal  or  associative  effort. 

Chas.  F.  IvUMMIS. 


62 


THAT 
WHICH  IS 


WRITTEH 


Perhaps  the  best  test  for  the  re- 
viewer to  apply  to  his  own  sincerity 
^,     >^-  — the  fundament  of  his  fitness  for  the  job 

*»-^  "    at  all — is  his  inner  attitude  when  some  former  tar- 
^^»*-   '    '  get  disappoints  him.     If  he  is  not  really  relieved 

and  g"lad  to  discover  that  the  man  whose  work  he  condemned 
before  is  doing  work  now  that  can  be  praised,  then  he  cares  more  for 
his  vanit)^  than  for  the  truth.  For  the  only  real  reason  for  review- 
ing at  all  is  to  promote  the  truth  (be  it  artistic,  literary  or  scientific) 
by  praising  them  that  really  toil  after  it,  and  rapping  the  knuckles 
of  such  as  do  not  care  for  it,  that  they  may  learn  to  care. 

GARLAND'S  It  is  a  pleasant  thing — to  those  who  have  most  deprecated 

"cow-country"  his  rawness — to  feel  that  Hamlin  Garland  is  still  growing; 
STORY.  and  that  his  latest  work  is  his  best.  Strength  he  has  had 
right  along ;  and  he  is  better  learning  how  to  use  it.  The  Eaglets 
Heart,  just  out,  seems  to  me  the  best-balanced  book  he  has  yet  writ- 
ten. It  escapes  that  pessimism  of  youthful  minds  which  marked — 
and  marred — much  of  his  earlier  writing.  It  is  in  better  taste,  as  a 
rule  ;  perhaps  also  in  better  proportion.  It  seems  to  mark  his  long 
steps  on  the  road  to  learn  that  rudeness  is  no  part  of  strength — nay, 
that  the  very  strongest  are  constrained  not  to  be  rough.  This  heroic 
chronicle  of  ^  cowboy — novel  one  can  hardly  call  it,  but  powerful 
story  of  the  West  it  certainly  is — is  actually  less  coarse  in  fiber  than 
many  of  his  stories  of  middle-State  farmers.  It  has  faults.  The 
aquiline  trope  is  worked  a  good  deal  over-time  —  and  if  all  the 
"eagles"  that  could  well  be  spared  from  the  text  were  added  to  his 
royalty,  Mr.  Garland  would  be  better  off.  It  is  evident  enough,  too, 
that  he  does  not  know  the  "cow-country"  quorum  pars,  as  Hough 
dt)es — or  as  he  himself  knows  the  milder  plowed  fields  of  the  hoe- 
States.  What  Mr.  Garland  thinks  he  means  when  he  sa3-s  (p.  119) 
"his  hands  were  quick  and  sure  as  the  rattlesnake's  black,  forked 
tongue,"  an  overruling  providence  may  know,  but  not  we  mortal 
mites.  The  only  thing  a  rattlesnake's  tongue  ever  bit  was  Mr.  Gar- 
land. For  common  people  he  uses  his  fangs,  which  are  "quick  and 
sure  "  and  one  of  the  few  known  remedies  for  blunderers. 

The  house  of  Appleton,  which  publishes  the  book,  is  one  of  the  best 
in  the  country,  and  one  of  those  most  given  to  "cultivating"  West- 
em  readers  and  writers.  Possibly  it  can  increase  its  usefulness  in 
the  West,  however,  ,by  hiring  a  proofreader  who  knows  how  to  spell 
the  familiar  Western  word  Bronco.  It  should  be  a  proofreader  who 
goes  to  church — and  thereby  knows  what  c-h  sounds  like  in  church. 
It  should  also  be  no  effete  person,  but  a  man  still  able-bodied  enough 
to  open  a  dictionary  (any  dictionary)  and  discover  that  bronco  is  a 
Spanish  word,  and  not  a  Greek  sister  to  his  bronchial  tubes.  A  man 
who  spells  bronco  "  bron-cho  "  may  do  for  tourists,  but  he  will  never 
be  popular  with  Westerners — who  are  not  ignoramuses  and  do  not 
like  to  be  taken  to  be.  D.  Appleton  «&  Co.,  72  Fifth  avenue,  New 
York.    $1.50. 


THAT    WHICH    IS    WRITTEN.  63 

If  anyone  is  writing-  more  searching-  short  stories — simpler,     Bi^AUTiFul, 
straighter,  truer — than  Grace  E^Uery  Channing's  best,  this  short 

reviewer  has  yet  a  keen  pleasure  in  store.     For  he  knows  of  STORies. 

none.  They  are  so  unspoiled  by  a  breath  of  the  epidemic  "  smartness," 
so  unaffected,  so  unforced,  so  instinctive  as  a  child  toward  the  eternal 
verities,  so  womanly  in  intrinsic  delicacy;  so  human — above  all,  so 
intuitive  of  the  fact  that  what  is  all-human  is  beautiful.  Mrs.  Chan- 
ning-Stetson's  latest  collection.  The  Fortune  of  a  Day,  includes  eight 
short  stories,  and  some  of  her  best.  They  are  stories  no  one  alive 
need  blush  to  have  written,  and  that  few,  apparently,  are  now  so  un- 
dulterated  as  to  be  able  to  write.  I^or  with  no  jewelry  of  rhetoric,  no 
strut  of  consciousness,  they  prick  the  heart.  The  most  powerful  is 
clearly  "Ashes,  Dust  and  Nothing-";  but  all  are  exquisite — perhaps 
particularlv  the  title  number  and  "  The  Uccelli  with  Golden  Voices." 
H.  S.  Stone  &  Co.,  Chicago.    $1.25. 

Perhaps  only  the  curious  in  research  will  off-hand  recognize        a  novei* 
in  Richard  Yea  and  Nay  the  Ivion  Heart  of  the  Crusades  ;  of  a 

but  any  who  have  read    The  Forest  Lovers,  or  the  Little  king. 

Novels  of  Italy,  will  need  no  bait  to  bring  them  to  a  longer  and  more 
ambitious  novel  by  Maurice  Hewlett.  His  workmanship — a  medieval 
lapidarying — and  his  fine  feeling  for  Romance,  have  made  Mim.  per- 
sona grata  with  the  judicious.  Neither  style  nor  plot  have  fallen  off 
in  this  longer  work.  As  to  its  esoteric  accuracy  as  "historical,"  I 
am  no  expert ;  but  its  stately  tread  and  compelling  vitality  are  easy 
to  be  known.  Beyond  question,  it  is  an  uncommon  book,  and  an  un- 
common good  one.  There  is  a  good  deal  of  highly  effective  character 
drawing;  and  particularly  "Jehane,"  Richard  himself,  his  scrub 
brother  John,  "  Gilles  de  Gurdun  "  and  the  "  Old  Man  of  Musse  "  are 
striking  and  vital  figures,  for  all  the  antique  stage-clothes  ;  and  sev- 
eral others  are  only  less  so.  Such  a  story,  in  such  a  style,  is  a  rare 
achievement.  A  curious  slip  of  the  pen  on  p.  408  puts  "  King  Henry  " 
for  "King  Richard."  The  Macmillan  :Co.,  66  Fifth  avenue,  New 
York.     $1.50. 

A  really  sound  piece  of  workmanship  in  a  field  wherein  good        a  brownies 
work  is  rare,  is  the  modest  little  volume  The  Childhood  of  from 

Ji-shib  the  Ojibwa,  by  Albert  Krnest  Jenks,  whose  excellent  WFB. 

paper  on  The  Wild  Rice  Gatherers  of  the  Upper  Lakes  is  known  to 
students.  Ji-shib,  however,  is  no  technical  essay,  but  a  sympathetic 
and  truthful  account  of  the  childhood  of  a  typical  Ojibwa,  and  is  a 
story  to  interest  deeply  almost  any  intelligent  boy  or  girl.  The  dec- 
oration and  illustration  are  not  quite  worthy  of  so  commendable  a 
book  ;  and  it  is  a  pity  to  see  an  Indian  called  a  Red  Man  by  an  author 
who  really  knows  Indians — for  neither  Dr.  Jenks  nor  Prof.  McGee 
(who  writes  the  introduction)  ever  saw  a  Red  Indian,  nor  ever  will, 
save  by  grace  of  war-paint.  Indians  are  brown.  But  this  is  a  trifle 
in  so  praiseworthy  and  so  readable  a  book.  The  American  Thresher- 
man,  Madison,  Wis.     $1. 

There  is  much  that  is  stirring  and  touching,  and  more  than        i^ovK 
a  little  that   is  fine,  in  Crittenden,  "A  Kentucky  Story  of  and 

Ivove  and  War,"  as  is  to  be  expected  from  John  Fox,  jr.    But  war. 

the  book  as  a  whole  does  not  seem  to  me  up  to  Mr.  Fox's  best.  The 
Spanish  war  is  too  close  for  perspective,  as  yet,  unless  from  a  greater 
draughtsman  ;  though  Mr.  Fox  colors  his  picture  well.  Kilipsis  is 
carried  to  a  vice,  in  the  style.  But  after  all  the  story  is  refreshing. 
Chas.  Scribner's  Sons,  153  Fifth  avenue,  New  York.     $1.25. 

"  How  to  be  sane  though  clever,"  might  be  a  good  elective        a  PiyAY 
to  include  in  the  curriculum  of  the  University  of  the  Future  ;  upon 

for  cleverness  is  daily  becoming  commoner,  and  hard  sense  nSRVBS. 


64  LAND    or   SUNSHINE. 

more  rare,  in  literature.  That  Mr.  Barrie  is  almost  gaspably  clever, 
there  are  probably  no  two  opinions.  He  plays  with  his  thought,  its 
heirs  and  assigns,  its  ghost  and  the  shadow  of  its  ghost's  penumbra, 
until  the  very  sawdust  in  the  doll  must  ache  to  be  laid  down  that  its 
eyes  may  shut — and  always  with  a  flexibility  and  a  pretext  of  reality 
which  might  almost  convince  the  waxen  beauty  herself.  No  sane 
person  deprecates  refinement  or  subtlety  in  their  place.  A  fine 
finish  is  worthy  of  oak — but  it  is  a  mistake  to  put  an  oak  polish  on 
bark.  It  is  also  a  mistake  to  confound  a  sub-hysteric  tension  with  in- 
tellect ;  and  that  it  is  so  prevalent  in  our  current  literature  makes  it 
none  the  less  a  mistake.  I  have  nothing  against  Sentimental  Tommy; 
but  when  it  comes  to  the  Sentimental  Toramyrot  of  Tommy  and 
Grizel,  it  seems  to  me  time  for  Mr.  Barrie  to  consult  Dr.  Pierce  whose 
Favorite  Prescription  is  said  to  alleviate  these  symptoms. 

That  it  is  a  popular  book  is  highly  probable ;  that  it  is  a  brilliant 
book  in  its  way,  may  be  admitted.  If  it  is,  however,  a  normal  or  a 
manly  or  a  healthful  brilliancy,  I  hare  misread  men  and  sanity  where 
they  grow.  But  it  is  precisely  what  its  audience  wishes ;  and  that 
is  precisely  why  it  was  written.  Chas.  Scribner's  Sons,  153  Fifth 
avenue,  New  York.    $1.50. 

POBMS  A  well  dressed  limited  edition  (300  copies,  type)  environs  the 

OF  A  scholarly  measures  of   The  Sphinx,  and  Other  Poems,  by 

BOOKMAN.  Prof .Wm.  Henry  Hudson,  of  Stanford  University.  In  work- 
manship and  even  brilliancy,  these  lines  are  of  excellent  satisfaction. 
Prof.  Hudson  is  a  bookman — an  Oxonian,  I  believe — and  knows  the 
tools  of  his  craft,  and  uses  them  with  a  cunning  hand.  Perhaps  it  is 
my  misfortune  that  I  cannot  lose  sight  of  the  profession  of  literature, 
and  that  the  poems  keep  me  approving  their  admirable  technique. 
Elder  &  Shepard,  San  Francisco. 

THB  MAN  Of  all  the  multitude  of  **  Shakespeare  books,"  doubtless  the 

OF  most  sumptuous  in  dress  is  Hamilton  W.  Mabie's  JVilliam 

AVON.  Shakespeare  ;  Poet,  Dramatist  and  Man.  Its  beautiful  ooze 
binding,  the  rich,  abundant  and  pertinent  illustration — there  are  a 
hundred  pictures,  covering  very  largely  the  very  things  one  wishes 
to  see — and  admirable  general  make-up,  render  it  an  accession  to  any 
library,  so  far  as  the  externals  go  ;  and  its  content  is  worthy  of  the 
expensive  setting.  The  book  is  probably  the  best  popular  study  of 
that  mysterious  personality  which  is  still  the  riddle  of  our  English 
literature.  Mr.  Mabie  writes  like  a  gentleman  and  a  scholar,  an  ad- 
mirable judge  of  what  refined  people  like  to  read  ;  he  makes  his 
study  eminently  readable  and  a  good  deal  informative  ;  and  he  shows 
excellent  sense  and  balance  in  his  treatment  of  a  subject  which  is 
one  of  the  easiest  in  the  world  to  become  inspirational  about.  The 
book  will  not  only  be  prized  in  thousands  of  homes — the  few  really 
great  Shakespeareanists  will  probably  respect  it  as  thus  far  the  most 
successful  popularization  of  the  life,  environment  and  character  of  the 
Man  of  Avon.  And  that  is  a  handsome  thing  to  have  done.  The 
Macmillan  Co.,  66  Fifth  Ave.,  New  York.    $6. 

PROPBR,  The  conventions  do  not  come  tardy  off  in  Brown,  of  Lost 

BUT  River,  by  Mary  E.  Stickney.     The  cowboy  hero  is  drawn 

pi^KASANT.  reasonable  Man  enough  for  any  girl ;  but  of  course  he  can- 
not have  the  heroine  tourist  until  he  turns  out  to  be  a  gentleman  in 
disguise.  This  concession  to  the  Ruskin  Club  was  probably  unneces- 
sary, as  Hamlin  Garland  has  shown.  But  Mrs.  StiCkney  has  made 
withal  an  inoffensive,  unpretentious  and  agreeable  outsider's  story  of 
a  Wyoming  ranch.  D.  Appleton  &  Co.,  72  Fifth  Ave.,  New  York. 
$1.25. 


THAT    WHICH    IS     WRITTEN.  65 

A  very  pretty  book,  and  with  a  gfood  deal  of  entertaining-         another 
animal  lore,  is  Mooswa,  and  Others  of  the  Boundaries,  by  animai, 

W.    A.    Fraser.     The    illustration,    by  Arthur    Heming-,    is  book. 

much  better  than  the  averag-e.  Mr.  Fraser  spent  six  seasons  on  the 
Athabasca  and  Saskatchewan  ;  and  his  stories  are  a  very  dilute 
fimgle  Book  of  the  fur-bearers  of  the  North.  Aside  from  the  too 
evident  imitation  of  Kipling-,  the  most  serious  fault  of  the  book 
seems  to  me  its  rather  petty  characterization  of  the  animals.  There 
is  little  discernment  of  that  beast  dig-nity  which  really  inheres  in  all 
the  wild  animals — as  ever3^  deep  student  of  the  wilderness  knows  ; 
and  as  Kipling-  and  Seton-Thompson  have  so  superbly  translated. 
But  Mr.  Fraser  is  modest,  and  in  a  limited  sense  sympathetic.  Chas. 
Scribner's  Sons,  157  Fifth  Ave.,  New  York.     S2. 

The  Bennett  Twins,  by  Grace  M.  Hurd,  is  a  simple,  sane        modbst 
and  cheerful  story  of  a   mig-hty  nice   brother  and  sister —  young 

youngsters,  studying-  art  and  music — who  seek  their  ever-  pBOPLK. 

lasting-  fortunes  in  New  York.  Unlike  story-bookers  in  general,  they 
do  not  bring  the  urban  monster  to  their  feet  and  conliag-rate  the  East 
River,  But  they  do  keep  the  wolf  from  devouring-  them,  and  are  to 
be  commended  for  this  moderation,  as  well  as  for  their  cheerv  youth. 
The  MacmillanCo.,  New  York.     $1.50. 

If  any  woman  in  the  United  States  has  struck  a   literary         thk  good 
bonanza,   and  knows  how   to  work  it,  Alice  Morse  Karle  is  oi^d 

she.     It  seems  to  be  no  trouble  in  the  world  to  her  to  know  days 

what  to  write  about — even  when  the  averag-e  successful  author  is 
racking-  his  or  her  brains  for  "  material."     The  trouble  with  them  is 
that  they  look  for  it  in  the  wrong-  place — inside.     Mrs.  Karle  looks         ^^^;::i.3E_ 
out ;  and  it  is  blessed  to  note  how  much  she  sees.     Her  Home  Life  In    /"^""^J^^^ 
Colonial  Days,  and  her  Child  Life  ditto,  were  fascinating-  volumes  ;  •'  oy 

and   her   Stage    Coach  and   Tavern  Days   is   as   charming-.     It — like.'    ''J..V_ 
its  predecessors — is  of  those  happy  books   which  find  delig-hted  au-       ^ 
diences  now,  and  will  g-row  more  valuable  as  time  g-oes  by.     Readers        '■" 
will  still  be  rising-  up  to  call  her  blessed  when  99^  of  the  "  popular 
books  "  shall  have  been  wholly  forgotten.  Mrs.  Earle's  indefatig-able 
industry  in  finding   out,    her  friendly,  colloquial   medium,    and  her 
sympathetic  touch  in  humanizing   by-gone  days,  are   alike  notable. 
The  present  fat  octavo  of  some  450  pages  and  over  350  illustrations — 
including  great  numbers  of  the  old-time  taverns  and  their  signs,  and 
stage-coaches — is  in  some  ways  the  most  "  taking  "  of  all  this  admir- 
able series.     The  Macmillan  Co.,  66  Fifth  Ave.,  New  York.     $2.50. 

Derelicts  of  Destiny  is  a  modest  little  volume  of  six  short  stories 
by  Batterman  I^indsay,  of  Seattle;  and  good,  straightforward  human 
stories  they  are,  with  much  of  strength  and  quiet  pathos.  One  of 
them,  "My  Grandmother's  Wedding,"  will  be  remembered  by  many 
readers  of  this  magazine;  and  "Abandoned"  is  the  very  photo- 
graph of  a  tragedy.     The  Neely  Co.,  Chicago. 

More  Fables,  it  hardly  need  be  said,  are  by  the  unmitigated  George 
Ade,  who  has  done  their  amusing  like  before.  Doubtless  one  ought 
not  to  relish  this  perishable  slang  ;  but  doubtless  one  does.  In  homeo- 
pathic doses,  that  is  ;  one  should  not  read  the  book  straightaway.  By 
chapters  it  is  even  funny.     Herbert  S.  Stone  &  Co.,  Chicago.     $1. 

A  fine,  workmanlike  piece  of  scientific  work  is  Joseph  Grinnell's 
Bi7'ds  of  the  Kotzebue  Sound  Region,  Alaska,  No.  1  of  the  "Pacific 
Coast  Avifauna"  series  of  the  Cooper  Ornithological  Club.  This 
young  Pasadenian  is  fast  making  himself  a  good  name  among-  stu- 
dents.    The  Cooper  Club,  Santa  Clara,  Cal.     Paper,  75c. 


66 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


To  the  attractive  pocket-size  '*  Lark  edition  "  has  now  been  added 
Markham's  Tl/aw  IVif/i  the  //i?^,  effectively  decorated  by  Porter  Gar- 
nett,  and  with  a  good  reproduction,  for  frontispiece,  of  Millet's  paint- 
ing.    Doxey,  At  the  Sign  of  the  Lark,  New  York. 

An  unpretentious  booklet  of  unexpectedly  good  verse  is  Will  J.  Mere- 
dith's In  the  Love  of  Nature.  The  poems  are  natural,  clear,  well- 
turned  and  without  affectations  or  pessimism.  Metropolitan  Print- 
ing Co.,  Seattle. 

Among  the  important  recent  monographs  received  in  this  office  are 
our  Geo.  Parker  Winship's  "Some  Facts  about  John  and  Sebastian 
Cabot;"  A.  Lr.  Kroeber's  interesting  "Tales  of  the  Smith  Sound 
Eskimo;"  Geo.  A.  Dorsey's  review  of  six  years  of  the  "Department 
of  Anthropology,  Field  Columbian  Museum  ;"  Marshall  H.  Saville's- 
"Cruciform  Structures  Near  Mitla  ;  "  and  Albert  S.  Gatschet's- 
"Grammatic  Sketch  of  the  Catawba  Language." 

Jacinta,  "A  Californian  Idyll,  and  Other  Verses,"  by  Howard  V. 
Sutherland,  is  issued  for  the  author  in  the  attractive  Lark  fashion. 
The  little  poem  is  a  saturated  solution  of  Joaquin  Miller;  "after" 
his  meters,  his  simplicity  and  some  of  his  tricks,  but  absolutely  with- 
out Joaquin's  inevitable  flame.  The  other  poems  are  uneven  ;  and 
the  book  a  well  done  commonplace.      Wm.  Doxey,  New  York. 

The  American  Journal  of  Nursing  is  a  surprisingly  well  made  and 
creditable  monthly  magazine  by  the  Associated  Alumnae  of  Trained 
Nurses  of  the  United  States.  J.  B.  Lippincott  Co.,  Philadelphia.  $2 
per  year,  20  cents  a  number. 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  Grinnell,  of  Pasadena,  Cal  ,  has  published  a  pleas- 
ant Sunday-school  story.  For  the  Sake  of  a  Name,  David  C.  Cook 
Pub.  Co.,  Chicago.     Bound,  25  cents. 

Generous  and  dignified  in  size,  type  and  illustration,  and  strenu- 
ously but  seriously  modern,  The  World^s  Work  is  a  new  magazine 
which  makes  a  sound  bid  for  a  respectable  clientage.  Under  the 
shrewd  editorship  of  Walter  H.  Page  it  promises  interest  and  profit 
in  its  "  earnest  concern  with  the  activities  of  the  newly  organized 
world,  its  problems,  and  even  its  romance."  As  the  phrase  indicates, 
it  is  ex-officio  Imperialist.  But  the  first  numbers  have  a  large  amount 
of  interesting  and  instructive  matter.  Doubleday,  Page  &  Co.,  34 
Union  Square,  E.,  New  York.     25  cents  a  number,  $3  a  year. 

The  second  part  of  the  List  oj  Private  Libraries^  compiled  by  Mr. 
G.  Hedeler,  of  Leipzig,  will  soon  be  ready.  It  will  contain  more  than 
600  important  private  collections  of  the  United  Kingdom,  including 
supplement  to  Part  I  ( U.  S.  ^1.  and  Canada).  Possessors  of  libraries, 
with  whom  Mr.  Hedeler  has  been  unable  to  communicate,  are  re- 
quested to  furnish  him  with  a  few  details  as  to  the  extent  of  their 
treasures  and  the  special  direction  to  which  they  devote  themselves^ 

Chas.  F.  Lummis. 


THE   IvlTTl^K   BOY   THAT   WAS. 


Photo  by  C.  F.  L. 


AMADO   BANDKIvIKR    LUMMIS — BORN   NOV.    15,    1894;    DIKD    DEC.    25,    1900. 


69 


The  Inner  Harbor  at  San  Pedro. 


ty    C.     D      WILLARD. 


©p 


|HK  people  of  I^os  Ang-eles  and 
vicinity  are  now  actively  at 
work  to  secure  an  appropriation 
from  the  g-overnment  to  beg-in  the  im- 
provement of  the  Inner  Harbor  of 
San  Pedro.  Although  the  possibilities 
to  Ivos  Ang-eles  that  are  involved  in 
this  proposed  improvement  are  of  enor- 
mous import,  yet  the  matter  at  issue  is 
not  widely  understood  in  the  city  and  is 
g-enerally  misapprehended  by  people 
residing-  at  a  distance. 

Some  confusion  arose  in  the  begin- 
ning out  of  the  fact  that  there  are  really 
two  harbors  at  San'Pedro,  an  outer  and 
an  inner ;  and  ithis  was  increased  by 
the  further  fact  that  the  government, 
instead  of  following  the  logical  order, 
which  was  to  improve  the  inner  harbor 
first  to  the  fullest  practical  extent,  and 
then  develop  the  outer  harbor,  aban- 
doned the  inner  section  when  it  was  in 
shape  to  accommodate  merely  the  light- 
est draft  vessels  of  the  coastwise  trade, 
and  began  on  the  work  of  construct- 
ing the  outer  section:  This  back- 
handed method  of  procedure  was  the 
result  of  an  accident  rather  than  of 
deliberate  intention,  although  it  was  ordained  by  Congress.  A  few 
words  will  explain  how  it  occurred,  and  will  help  to  make  the  present 
situation  clearer  to  the  reader's  mind. 

In  the  beginning — thirtj"  years  ago —the  engineering  authorities  of 
the  country  selected  San  Pedro  as  the  most  available  point  for  the 
development  of  a  harbor  for  the  commerce  of  I^os  Angeles,  and  pro- 
ceeded to  construct  jetties  to  control  the  tide  flow,  and  to  dredge  and 
otherwise  improve  this  harbor. 

The  sum  of  $900,000  was  expended,  and  from  a  depth  of  a  foot  and  a 
half,  mean  low  tide,  at  the  entrance,  a  depth  of  15  feet  was  finally 
secured,  which  admits  the  smaller  lumber  and  coal  craft  of  the  coast. 
This  finished  the  original  j^roject,  and  the  question  then  arose  "what 
next." 

The  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  through  its  president,  Mr.  C.  P^ 
Huntington,  favored  the  construction  of  a  deep-water  harbor  at 
Santa  Monica  rather  than  San  Pedro,  and  began  working  at  the  capi- 
tal in  favor  of  the  former  location  and  against  the  latter.  The  people, 


A    FREQUENT   VISITOR. 


70 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


PORTION   OF    INNER    HARBOR    I^OOKING    IvANDWARI), 


however,  asked  for  San  Pedro,  in  the  belief  that  a  harbor  built  at 
that  place  would  be  more  accessible  to  all  railroads  than  one  built  at 
Santa  Monica.  Two  successive  commissions  of  engineers  were  ap- 
pointed by  act  of  Congress  to  investigate  the  matter,  and  each  re- 
ported in. favor  of  San  Pedro.  But  no  appropriations  could  be  se- 
cured for  either  the  outer  or  the  inner  harbor  at  San  Pedro  through 
a  considerable  period  of  years. 

At  last,  in  1896,  the  people,  as  represented  by  the  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce and  the  Free  Harbor  League,  were  granted  their  request  for 
the  $392,000  which  was  needed  to  take  the  next  step  in  the  improvement 
of  the  inner  harbor,  but  there  was  coupled  with  this  an  appropriation 
of  $2,900,000  for  the  construction  of  a  deep-water  harbor  at  Santa 
Monica.  This  was  in  the  first  report  of  the  House  Committee  on 
Rivers  and  Harbors,  but  when  the  Los  Angeles  organizations  de- 
manded that  the  money  for  an  outside  harbor  be  spent  at  San  Pedro 
instead  of  Santa  Monica,  the  committee  struck  both  items  out  of  the 
bill. 

The  matter  then  went  up  to  the  Senate  where  Los  Angeles  was  for- 
tunate in  having  the  services,  on  the  Commerce  Committee,  of  Senator 
Stephen  M.  White,  a  resident  of  this  city,  and  a  man  of  great  deter- 
mination, eloquence,  and  force  of  character.  63-^  his  personal 
strength,  and  through  the  righteousness  of  his  cause,  he  managed, 
although  in  a  minority  on  his  committee,  and  although  he  met  with 
most  determined  opposition  on  the  floor  of  the  Senate,  to  secure  the 
appointment  of  a  third  commission,  whose  decision  on  a  location  was 
to  be  final. 

In  the  shifting  phases  of  the  compromise  that  was  thus  achieved, 
the  original  appropriation  of  $392,000  for  the  inside  harbor  at  San 
Pedro  was  dropped  out,  Senator  White  deeming  it  wisest  not  to  stand 
on  this,  as  the  sum  involved  in   the  outer  harbor  was  over  six  times 


THE    INNER    HARBOR    AT    SAN    PEDRO 


71 


PORTION   OF   THE    PRESENT  INNER  HARBOR,    SHOWING   THE   ENTRANCE. 


greater,  and  for  that  reason  very  difficult  to  secure  ag-ain  if  lost  on 
this  occasion. 

The  new  commission  reported — as  the  friends  of  San  Pedro  had 
always  maintained  it  would — in  favor  of  San  Pedro.  After  consider- 
able delay  the  work  was  beg^un,  and  although  hindered  for  a  time  by 
the  failure  of  the  first  set  of  contractors  to  comply  with  the  require- 
ments, which  necessitated  revoking-  their  contract  and  letting  to  a 
second  firm,  the  work  is  now  well  under  way,  and  is  proceeding  with 
satisfactory  rapidity. 

It  will  require  about  four  years  more  time  to  complete  the  outer 
harbor,  and  will  consume  nearly  all  of  the  $2,900,000  which  was  ap- 
propriated for  the  purpose.  When  it  is  done,  it  will  consist  of  a  wall 
of  rock  14  feet  above  the  water's  edge  at  low  tide,  beginning  at  a 
point  3000  feet  from  the  shore  near  Point  Firmen,  and  running  along  a 
bent  line  for  8,500  feet  around  and  beyond  Dead  Man's  Island. 

This  will  create  a  protected  area  of  about  one  square  mile,  where 
vessels  of  all  dimensions  and  of  the  deepest  draft  may  lie  at  anchor 
through  storms.  It  is  a  harbor  of  refuge  and  for  naval  necessities. 
It  can  also  be  made  a  harbor  of  commerce,  but  only  at  great  expense, 
and  under  unfavorable  conditions.  A  true  harbor  of  commerce  must 
have  facilities  for  bringing  ship  and  rail  together.  It  must  be  possible 
to  unload  directly  from  the  hold  of  the  vessel  into  cars  standing  on 
the  track.  In  the  case  of  the  outer  harbor  at  San  Pedro,  this 
result  can  be  achieved  only  by  the  construction  of  enormously 
long  wharves  from  the  mainland  out  into  deep  water.  A  railway 
would  hesitate  to  go  to  this  expense,  even  if  the  investment  were 
known  to  be  a  permanent  one,  and  in  view  of  the  fact  that  whenever 
the  inner  harbor  is  built — which  must  come  to  pass  sooner  or  later — 
such  wharves  would  be  entirely  superfluous,  no  company  is  likely  to 
undertake    their   construction.     Thus   the   completion  of  the   harbor 


72 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


work  now  under  way  at  San  Pedro  will  leave  Los  Ang-eles  about  as 
far  away  from  the  harbor  that  is  really  needed  for  its  commercial 
development  as  it  was  in  the  beg-inning-. 

Yet  it  must  not  be  supposed  that  the  outer  harbor  work  is  of  no 
value.  It  was  needed,  in  the  first  place  as  a  harbor  of  refuge  for 
storm-tossed  vessels  plying-  the  coast.  It  was  needed,  morever,  for 
naval  purposes.  But  its  chief  value  will  be  of  course  as  a  comple- 
ment to  the  inner  or  commercial  harbor  when  the  latter  is  finished. 

It  is  perhaps  a  fortunate  thing-  for  the  people  of  this  reg-ion  that  the 
natural  order  was  reversed,  and  that  the  outer  harbor  preceded  the 
inner.  It  is  true  that  the  same  amount  of  money — if  Cong-ress  had 
seen  fit  to  g-rant  so  much— spent  on  the  inner  harbor,  would  have  g-iven 
Los  Ang-eles  facilities  for  the  transaction  of  a  considerable  amount  of 
ocean  traffic,  but  we  should  always  have  been  hampered  by  the  lack 
of  a  harbor  of  refuge,  easy  and  quick  of  access  for  ships  pursued  by 
storms.  It  was  also  needed  for  commercial  reasons,  as  it  allows  the 
vessels  entering-  the  harbor  to  lay  off  for  a  day  or  two,  until  their  ar- 
rang-ements  for  unloading  are  complete.  It  serves  also  as  a  protection 
to  the  entrance  of  the  inner  harbor,  and  will  help  to  maintain  it  at 
less  cost  and  in  better  order. 

But  if  the  inner  harbor  had  been  the  first  to  come,  we  might  have 
waited  for  an  indefinite  period  before  the  government  would  have 
been  disposed  to  g-o  to  the  added  expense  of  constructing-  the  outer 
harbor.  The  latter  would  then  have  been  regarded  as  a  sort  of  a 
luxury  to  be  put  off  until  the  commerce  of  this  section  had  earned  it 
through  the  revenues  collected  at  the  port.  Now,  however,  the  situ- 
ation is  just  the  reverse.  The  inner  harbor  is  a  necessity  to  g-ive  the 
outer  a  value.  The  government  almost  without  the  solicitation  of  the 
people  of  this  vicinity — certainly  without  any  exj^ectation  on  their  part 
that  it  would  be  done  so  promptly — has  chosen  first  of  all  to  construct 
the  outer  harbor.  The  great  sum  of  money  thus  invested  will  fail  to 
pay  the  public  dividends,  so  to  speak,  until  the  inner  work  is  com- 
leted.  It  is  hardly  conceivable,  therefore,  that  Congress  will  longer 
delay  in  passing  the  necessary  appropriations. 

The  project  for  the  inner  harbor  work  has  been  devised  and  re- 
ported to  the  Secretary  of  War,  and  everything  is  in  readiness  for  the 
work  to  begin  whenever  the  funds  are  provided.  The  River  and 
Harbor  Act  of  March  3,  1890,  contained  an  item  instructing  the  War 
Office  to  make  a  thorough  survey  of  the  inner  harbor,  and  re- 
port upon  the  feasibility  of  its  further  improvement.  This  work  was 
assigned  to  Capt.  Jas.  J.  Meyler,  who  is  in  charge  of  government 
harbor  improvement  along  this  portion  of  the  California  coast.  He 
was  admirably  qualified  for  this  undertaking,  not  merely  through  his 
general  experience  in  the  army  engineer  corps,  but  also  because  his 
long  service  in  this  region  had  made  him  thoroughly  familiar  with 
local  conditions.  A  complete  survey'  of  the  inner  harbor  was  made, 
soundings  were  taken  and  borings  effected,  and  a  practicable  plan 
devised  for  increasing  the  depth  ot  water  to  24  feet  at  mean  low  tide, 


7^  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

and  for  extending  the  area  of  the  harbor  sufficiently  to  accommodate 
all  the  shipping-  that  is  likely  to  come  to  it  during-  the  next  g-enera-. 
tion.  The  report  which  embodies  this  plan  was  submitted  to  the 
Secretary  of  War,  January  6th.  19()0,  and  was  approved  by  him,  to 
form  the  basis  of  future  appropriations  by  Congress. 

The  estimated  cost  of  the  entire  undertaking  is  something  over 
two  millions  of  dollars,  but  this  work  diifers  from  the  construction 
of  the  outer  harbor  in  that  it  may  be  done  in  portions,  and  each  part 
completed  will  be  of  service  immediately.  The  total  work  is 
dredge  a  channel  400  feet  wide  and  24  feet  deep,  at  mean  low 
tide,  from  the  ocean  beyond  Deadman's  Island  to  the  lower  or  outer 
end  of  the  present  wharf  frontage,  a  distance  of  about  a  mile  ;  to 
dredge  the  interior  channel  between  the  existing  wharves  to  their 
upper  end  ;  to  dredge  the  inner  basin,  which  is  about  two-thirds  of  a 
mile  in  diameter,  to  a  depth  of  thirty  feet  at  mean  low  tide,  in  order  to 
provide  a  turning  ground  for  vessels  entering  or  leaving  the  harbor ; 
to  extend  the  jetties  at  the  entrance  to  24  feet  of  water  ;  to  repair 
the  present  jetties  ;  and  to  build  a  restraining  wall  at  the  head  of  the 
Wilmington  Lagoon,  to  direct  the  storm  waters  of  the  Los  Angeles 
River  (which,  in  times  of  excessive  rainfall,  flows  into  the  harbor) 
into  the  ocean  at  Long  Beach. 

The  harbor  thus  created  would  accommodate  vessels  of  30  feet 
draft,  the  variation  between  high  and  low  tide  averaging  about  six 
feet,  and  this  is  sufficient  for  any  of  the  vessels  devoted  to  commer- 
cial use  that  ply  Pacific  waters.  Naval  vessels  of  excessively  deep 
draft  lean  anchor  jin  ithe  outside  harbor.  The  area  of  the  proposed 
inner  harbor  would  be  about  1200  acres,  and  it  would  provide  about 
sevenj  miles  of  water  front.  This  is  nearly  double  the  area  of  the 
outer  harbor,  and  six  times  as  much  water  front,  even  if  the  long 
piers,  to  which  reference  was  made  heretofore  in  this  article,  were 
built  out  to  the  sea  wall,  making  all  the  outside  deep-water  area 
available  as  wharfage  space.  The  advantage,  moreover,  of  quays 
which  can  be  flanked  by  warehouses,  factories,  offices,  etc.,  over 
narrow  piers  is  obvious.  An  ample  turning  ground  is  planned  in  the 
dredging  out  of  the  area  at  the  head  of  the  lagoon.  The  harbor  thus 
formed  would  be  absolutely  land-locked,  and  free  from  anything  that 
could  be  called  wave-motion. 

It  is  proposed  to  do  this  work  by  stages,  the  first  of  which  involves 
merely  the  deepening  of  the  entrance  channel  to  20  feet,  the  dredg- 
ing of  the  channel  along  the  wharves  to  24  feet,  and  the  construction 
of  a  turning  basiri  1600  feet  in  diameter  and  24  feet  deep.  This  will 
accommodate  vessels  of  24  foot  draft  coming  in  at  high  tide,  and 
will  greatly  increase  existing  commerce.  It  will  require  two  or 
three  years'  time,  and  will  cost  about  $550,000,  of  which  sum  $92,000 
will  be  spent  for  a  dredger,  which  will  be  available  for  service  in  the 
harbor  at  all  times  in  the  future. 

Application  has  been  made  to  Congress  for  an  initial  appropriation 
of  cash  and  the  adoption  of  this  portion  of  the  project.     At  the  pres- 


=       M 


\A\ 

t-i      f' 

/ 

iJ. 

^"    / 

/ 

I/* 

76 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


ent  writing-  (December  26,  1900),  the  report  of  the  House  River  and 
Harbor  Committee  has  just  been  made  public,  and  the  hoped-for  item 
of  $150,000  does  not  appear.  It  is  the  plan  of  the  friends  of  the 
measure  to  secure  its  insertion,  if  possible,  by  an  amendment  in  the 
Senate.  If  it  is  not  obtained  in  this-  session,  then  a  determined 
eifort  will  be  made  to  find  a  place  for  it  in  the  next  River  and  Harbor 
Bill. 

Very  few  people  are  aware,  or  at  least  realize,  that  the  harbor 
which  it  is  intended  that  Ivos  Angeles  shall  ultimately  secure  at  San 
Pedro  when  both  inner  and  outer  sections  are  completed,  will  be  one 
of  the  fine  ones  of  the  world,  equal,  in  proportion  to  area,  to  the 
harbor  of  the  Golden  Gate.  There  are  few  people,  morever,  that  ap- 
preciate what  this  improvement  means  to  the  city  of  Los   Angeles, 


PROFILE  OF  THE  OUTER  BREAKWATER. 


which  it  will  transform  from  an  agricultural  and  mining  center  to  a 
great  commercial  depot,  a  gateway  between  the  South  and  the 
Orient.  It  will  probably  require  six  or  seven  years  to  complete  both 
the  inner  and  outer  harbors,  and  if  the  Nicaragua  Canal  meets  with 
no  unexpected  delay,  it  ought  to  be  ready  for  service  about  the  same 
time.  There  are  now  three  railways  leading  out  from  Los  Angeles 
to  the  East  (two  systems),  and  a  third  will  be  in  operation  within 
the  nejtt  three  years.  It  is  not  unlikely  that  the  list  will  be  increased 
by  several  more  before  the  expiration  of  the  next  decade,  thus  greatly 
extending  the  area  of  commercial  opportunity  for  Los  Angeles.  The 
active  agitation  that  is  now  in  progress  for  government  aid  and  pro- 
tection to  irrigation  development  will  probably  result  in  settling 
much  of  this  southwestern  territory,  which  is  now  reckoned  desert, 
with  a  thrifty  and  industrious  population.  This  section  of  country  is 
commercially  tributary  to  Los  Angeles,  and  as  it  develops,  the  busi- 
ness of  that  city  will  be  augmented.  One  thing  alone  is  lacking  to 
make  Los  Angeles  a  great  commercial  center,  and  that  is  a  satisfac- 
tory outlet  to  the  sea.  Investigation  by  the  authorities  of  the  govern- 
ment has  shown  that  this  may  easily  be  attained  b}'  the  expenditure  of 
a  moderate  amount  of  money — only  a  tithe  of  what  Congress  has  or- 
dered spent  for  a  similar  stretch  of  territory  on  the  Eastern  coast. 
It  is  not  to  be  expected  that  an  etiterprise  of  this  character  can  be 
carried  through  without  meeting  some  opposition,  and  the  money 
will  not  be  forthcoming  except  the  people  of  Los  Angeles  put  forth  an 
active  effort  to  secure  it  ;  but  the  returns  to  the  whole  community 
from  this  improvement  will  l>e  so  great  that  no  exertion  should  be 
spared  to  promote  its  consummation. 


77 


Redlands. 


BY    WILLIAM    M.     TISDALE. 

HE)  story  of  Redlands  is  a  romance  of  peace  and 
progress.  It  is  a  typical  illustration  of  the  de- 
velopment of  Southern  California  during-  the 
past  twelve  years,  commencing-  with  the  close 
of  the  g-reat  "boom"  of  1887.  At  that  time 
there  was  little  in  Redlands  except  a  few 
hundred  acres  of  newly-planted  orang-e  or- 
chards, a  brick  block  or  two,  a  few  score  unpre- 
tentious dwelling-s,  some  pioneer  business 
houses,  and  a  rig-ht-of-way  for  a  railroad  to  San  Ber- 
nardino, the  county  seat. 
No  one  can  claim  exclusive  credit,  today,  for  the 
successful  efforts  to  plant  a  growing-  and  prosperous  com- 
munity upon  a  sheep  pasture,  a  range  of  barren,  brush-grown  hills 
and  valleys.  The  substantial  foundations  of  progress  were  here  be- 
fore a  foot  of  soil  was  turned.  These  were  the  great  natural  beauty 
of  the  situation,  the  fertility  of  the  soil,  the  charms  of  the  winter 
climate,  and  the  promise  of  permanence  of  the  water  supply.  These 
conditions  exist  in  many  portions  of  California,  but  Redlands  claims 
"an  undivided  interest,"  and  has  a  few  added  charms  peculiarly 
her  own. 

n Redlands  lies  in  full  view  of  the  grandest  mountains  in  Southern 
California.  The  range  of  which  San  Antonio  (  "  Old  Baldy  "  )  is  the 
chief,  bulwarks  the  skies  upon  the  northwest,  and  east  of  these  is  the 
Cajon  Pass,  through  which  the  Santa  F^  railroad  finds  entrance. 
From  these,  easterly  along  the  north,  extends  a  rugged  mountain 
wall  about  five  thousand  feet  high  until  Mt.  San  Bernardino  and  Mt. 
San  Gorgonio  are  reached,  the  former  a  little  less,  the  latter  a  little 
more,  than  12,000  feet  high.  On  the  far  southeast  rises  the  majestic 
San  Jacinto.     On  the  west  the  valleys  lie  open  to  the  sea. 

The  valley  varies  in  width,  from  south  to  north,  being  eight  or  ten 


L   A   Ens,'.  Co 


ACROSS   THE   ORANGE   GROVES. 


Photo  by  Everett. 


78 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


L.  A   Eng.  Co. 


SAN    BERNARDINO   AND 


miles  at  its  widest.  Standing-  in  Canon  Crest  Park,  on  the  southerly 
limit  of  the  city,  we  look  down,  on  the  south,  into  the  San  Timoteo 
Canon  and  see  the  Southern  Pacific  railroad  300  feet  below  us.  Be- 
yond this  are  the  low  mountains.  On  the  north,  the  earth  slopes 
away  gently  to  the  city,  some  two  miles  distant.  Beyond  this  lie  the 
long-,  level  plains  to  the  Santa  Ana  river  ;  and  beyond  that  are  the 
fertile  slopes  of  Highlands  and  the  northern  mountain  ramparts. 
North,  east  and  west,  as  far  as  the  eye  can  see,  are  the  orang-e  g^roves 
that  are  making  Kedlands  famous. 

Here,  then,  is  a  landscape  in  which  every  line  is  the  curved  line  of 
beauty,  a  scene  of  infinite  variety  which  never  palls,  a  glorious  out- 
look on  every  hand,  a  charming  vista  of  ever  green  orchards  encom- 
passing homes,  the  compact  little  city  nestling  in  the  center,  the 
superb  mountains  in  the  distance,  the  splendor  of  the  semi-tropical 
skies  over  all. 

Kedlands  lies  sheltered  by  these  mountain  ranges,  beyond  which 
are  the  deserts.  It  is  ninety  miles  from  the  ocean,  being  the  most 
easterly  city  in  California,  except  San  Diego.  The  climate  there- 
fore is  very  different  from  that  of  the  coast  towns,  being  much 
warmer  and  dryer,  especially  in  the  winter.  Yet  there  is  a  delightful 
crispness  and  freshness  in  the  air  during  the  cooler  months.  The 
average  rainfall  is  twenty  inches,  although  during  the  dry  years  just 
past  it  has  been  only  four  or  five.  There  are  often  uncomfortably 
hot  days  during  the  four  hottest  months  of  the  year,  although  an 
occasional  exceptional  summer,  such  as  that  just  past,  glides  away 
with  scarcely  a  day  of  intemperate  heat.  The  nights  are  cool  almost 
without  exception. 

The  depth,  quality  and  fertility  of  the  soil  in  and  about  Kedlands 
vary  greatly.  On  the  level  stretches  in  the  center  of  the  valley  the 
soil  is  very  deep,  of  a  light  loam,  in  some  portions  almost  a  sand,  easily 


REDLANDS. 


79 


SAN   GORGONIO   MTS.    FROM    REDI^ANDS. 


Ihoto.by  A.  T.Park 


cultiv^ated.  Along  the  heig^hts  and  the  foothills  it  is  a  decomposed 
granite,  red,  heavy,  hard  when  dry.  This  soil  is  not  so  deep  as  that 
of  the  valley,  and,  for  a  long"  time,  there  was  a  question  whether  it 
was  adapted  to  orange  culture.  That  question  is  now  settled  by  the 
thousands  of  acres  of  magnificent  orchards  upon  these  slopes. 

Such  were  the  conditions  of  soil,  climate  and  scenery  that  attracted 
the  earliest  comers  to  Redlands.  The  lands  in  the  center  of  the  val- 
ley were  settled  first,  because  the  soil  was  thought  to  be  the  best  and 
because  water  was  more  easily  carried  to  them. 

For  years  no  attempt  was  made  to  water  the  beautiful  uplying 
lands.  The  nearest  possible  source  of  water  supply  was  the  mouth 
of  the  Santa  Ana  river,  across  the  valley,  miles  away,  and,  as  ap- 
peared to  the  unaided  eye,  at  a  lower  level  than  the  lands  to  be 
watered.  The  land  was  then  open  to  settlement  as  government  land, 
but  was  considered  worthless.  Finally  a  few  enterprising  spirits 
combined,  impounded  some  of  the  waters  of  the  Santa  Ana,  brought 
them  in  a  narrow  ditch  by  a  tortuous  course  along  the  foothills,  over 
trestles,  through  tunnels  to  a  point  of  considerable  elevation  whence 
hundreds  of  acres,  theretofore  barren,  could  be  watered.  In  this 
achievement  was  the  real  beginning  of  the  Redlands  of  today.  It 
was  followed  by  the  organization  of  the  Bear  Valley  Irrigation  Com- 
pany, which  conceived  and  carried  through  the  most  daring  irriga- 
tion scheme  in  the  history  of  California.  It  impounded  winter  rain- 
falls in  the  bed  of  an  ancient  lake  among  the  mountains  and  brought 
them  for  forty  miles  along  the  course  of  the  Santa  Ana  river  to  a 
point  whence  they  could  be  distributed  over  a  wide  area.  The  plan 
had  defects  and  limitations  not  recognized  by  its  promotors,  and 
brought  ultimate  disaster  to  hundreds  of  investors  ;  but  it  brought 
also  a  period  of  growth  and  development  that  determined  the  destiny 
of  the  youthful  city. 


REDLANDS. 


81 


L.  A.  Eng.  Co. 


Lands  which,  twelve  years  ago,  could  have  been  had  by  entry  and 
occupation  under  the  homestead  laws,  or  could  have  been  bought  from 
railroad  companies  for  $1.25  an  acre,  are  now  worth,  with  the  groves 
covering  them,  from  $1,000  to  $2,000  an  acre. 

The  commencement  of  the  orange-tree  planting  period  at  Redlands 
was  just  when  the  Washington  navel  orange  was  rising  into  popu- 
larity, and  probably  80  per  cent,  of  the  total  acreage  in  this  vicinity  is 
planted  to  this  superb  variety.  The  first  car  of  oranges  from  fruit 
grown  in  this  vicinity  was  shipped  in  January,  1883.  Last  year  the 
shipments  of  citrus  fruits  were  1800  cars  ;  the  estimated  crop  of  the 

present  season 
is  2,000  cars. 
This  will  in- 
crease, as  new 
groves  come  in- 
to bearing,  to 
4,000  cars,  pos- 
sibly to  6,000. 

The  climatic 
conditions  pe- 
culiar to  Red- 
lands  have 
greatly  favored 
this  important 
industry.  The 
orange  growers 
of  Southern 
Californiahave 
had  three  ene- 
mies to  contend 
with ,  frost, 
scale  and 
drouth.  Not 
one  of  the  three 
has  ever  seri- 
ously injured 
Redlands. 
Most  seasons 
have  passed  with  no  damage  whatever  from  these  sources,  and 
at  the  worst  the  loss  has  never  exceeded  ten  per  cent.  The  drouth 
of  last  year  brought  the  greatest  perils  that  have  ever  threatened, 
but  the  owners  of  these  line  properties  rallied  to  the  occasion,  devel- 
oped, impounded  and  brought  into  Redlands  1500  inches  of  water  in 
addition  to  the  former  supply.  This  not  only  saved  the  day  but 
was  a  permanent  addition  of  at  least  three-fourths  of  a  million 
dollars  to  the  wealth  of  the  locality. 

The  gross  value  of  this  year's  crop  of  citrus  fruits,  in  Redlands 
and  its  immediate  vicinity,  in  the  markets  of  the  I^ast,  will  be 
about  a  million  and  a  half  dollars,  the  net  returns  to  the  growers  not 
less  than  three-quarters  of  a  million.  This  is  an  appreciable  annual 
income  to  a  city  of  only  six  thousand  inhabitants.  Methods  of  irri- 
gation, cultivation,  pruning,  fertilizing,  packing  and  marketing  have 
been  brought  to  a  science  here,  and  some  of  them  are  known  far 
and  wide  as  the  "Redlands  methods."  The  quality  of  the  fruit  is 
everywhere  recognized  as  of  the  finest  grown  in  California,  and  no 
district  has  a  better  reputation  abroad. 

Redlands  has,  up  to  the  present  time,  marketed  its  oranges  through 
local  cooperative  associations  of  growers,  or  individual  buyers  and 
packers.  The  oldest  association  is  now  in  its  tenth  year,  and  is 
known  as  the  Redlands  Orange  Growers'  Association.  It  includes 
about  one  hundred  and  twenty  growers,  and  markets  about  one- 
fourth  of  the  total  crop.  This,  in  the  opinion  of  its  managers,  is  as 
much  as  it  can  handle  with  profit  to  its  members,  otherwise  its  busi- 


A    SHADY    PROMENADE    AT   THE 
CASA    LOMA. 


Photo  by  K\ 


82 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


ness  could  have  been  greatly  increased.  Its  successful  experience 
gives  it  an  enviable  position  among-  the  different  org-anizations 
handling  citrus  fruits.  Besides  this  pioneer  association  there  are 
some  fifteen  firms,  associations  and  individuals  now  engaged  in 
packing  and  forwarding-  oranges  from  Redlands.  Two  of  these  are 
affiliated  with  the  Southern  California  Fruit  Exchange.  This  is  the 
first  year  of  their  existence,  and  their  career  will  afford  the  first  test 
in  Redlands  of  the  methods  of  forwarding-  and  marketing  citrus 
fruits  upon  a  system  of  cooperation  embracing,  in  theory  at  least, 
the  whole  of  Southern  California. 

The  business  section  of  Redlands  is  compactly  built  of  .substantial 
brick  structures.  The  first  of  these  was  the  Union  Bank,  opened  in 
May,  1887.  It  then  stood  alone  upon  an  undeveloped  prairie.  The 
original  building  has  often  been  remodeled  and  enlarged,  and  was 
finally,  a  year  or  two  ago,  replaced  by  an  entirely  new  one  of  pressed 
brick.  The  First  National  Bank,  which  in  April,  1887,  commenced 
business  in  Lugonia  (then  a  rival,  now  a  part,  of  Redlands)  was  later 
transferred  to  a  corner  diagonally  opposite  the  Union  Bank,  and 
these  two  institutions  fairly  represent  the  growth  and  development 
of  the  business  interests  of  the  community. 

Redlands  has  a  full  complement  of  all  the  usual  business  houses 
which  supply  articles  of   family  use,  consumption  and  luxury,  in  a 

variety  and  of  a  qual- 
ity that  would  be  con- 
sidered    satisfactory 
in     many    cities     of 
much  greater  popula- 
tion.     The  train  ser- 
vice to  Los  Angeles 
and   other   points  in 
California,  over  both 
the  Southern 
California 
and  the 


1..  A.  Kng.Co. 


Y.    M.    C.    A.    BUIlrDING. 


Southern  Pacific  roads,  is  all  that  the  most  exacting  could 
expect,  but  a  transfer  must  be  made  to  the  overland  trains  at 
Redlands  Junction,  distance  three  miles,  for  the  Southern  Pacific, 
and  at  San   Bernardino,  ten  miles,  for  the  Santa  F^  system.     It  ia 


REDLANDS. 


L   A.  Eng.  Co. 


A    REDI^ANDS    GRAMMAR    SCHOOI<. 


Photo,  by  Everitt. 


hoped  and  expected  that  the  projected  road  to  Salt  Lake,  which  now 
may  be  considered  a  probability  of  the  near  future,  will  pass  directly 
through  Redlands,  thus  placing-  the  town  upon  the  main  line  of 
a  transcontinental  road.  A  street  railroad  was  an  early  feature  of 
the  city's  development,  and  the  single  mule  car  has  been  replaced  by 
a  well  equipped,  up-to-date  electric  service. 

The  Redlands  Electric  Ivight  and  Power  Company  was  organized 
in  1892,  installed  a  plant  for  the  generation  of  electricity  by  water 
power,  and  has,    since   1893,  furnished  electricity    for  lighting  and 


^"^-^  " 


L.  A   f  ng  Co. 


INTERIOR    OF    ONE  OF    THE    FINANCTAI<  Photo  by  Everitt. 

INSTITUTIONS. 


84 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


AMID   ORANGE   BI^OSSOMS   AND    PAI.MS. 


power  purposes  to  Redlands  and  neighboring  communities.  This 
was  the  forerunner  of  a  much  more  extensive  organization,  the 
Southern  California  Power  Company,  which  has  elaborate  and  costly 
works  for  generating  electricity  by  water  power  in  the  Santa  Ana 
Cafion,  about  fifteen  miles  from  Redlands. 

In  May,  1887,  the  Redlands  News  Company  was  incorporated,  and 
July  16,  of  the  same  year,  the  first  issue  of  the  first  permanent  news- 
paper appeared,  the  Weekly  Citrogra ph.  The  present  daily  of  Red- 
lands,  the  Facts,  was  first  issued  as  a  weekly  in   the  fall  of  1890  and 

changed  to  a  daily  two  years 
later.  The  third  paper  of  the 
city,  the  Hour,  is  a  recent  aspi- 
rant for  public  favor,  and  is  a 
weekl)'.  Its  principal  aim  is  to 
support  the  already  powerful 
sentiment  in  favor  of  prohibiting 


KK.SIDKNCK   OF    CHAKl.KS    I'lTNAM. 


REDLANDS. 


85 


the    liquor  traffic,   a    policy  under    which ;  Redlands    has    flourished 
for  several  years. 

The  tourist  travel  to  Redlands  in  the  winter  is  ver^^  heavy,  and  de- 
mands   especial     hotel     accommodations, 
which    are  provided  by   the    Casa   Ivoma. 
This  fine   hotel    was  built  five  3'ears  ago, 
partly    by    public    subscription,    after  the 
burning  of  the  only  tourist  hotel  in  Red- 
lands.     It  has  been   greatly  enlarged  and 
improved  and  has 
secured  a  reputa- 
tion which  fills  it 
to    overflowing 


WINTER    BANKS   OF    KOSKS. 

during  the  winter  season.  The  Windsor  is  an  all-the-)'ear  round 
house.  The  Baker  House  is  a  good  hotel  for  its  very  moderate  prices. 
There  are  many  private  boarding-houses,  most  of  which  are  open 
only  during  the  period  of  tourist  travel. 

Redlands  has  drawn  its  population  from  every  State  and  Territory 
in  the  Union  and  from  many  foreign  countries.  New  York,  Illinois, 
Ohio  and  the  New  England  States  have  sent  the  largest  percentages. 
In  politics  it  is  emphatically  republican.  Redlands  now  stands  at 
the  head  of  the  cities  of  its  county  in  assessed  valuation  and  in 
amount  of  postoffice  receipts. 

Drawn  largely  from  the  cultured  centers  of  the  Eiast,  the 
people  of  Redlands  are  devoted  to  schools,  churches  and  public 
improvements.  The  grammar  schools  and  the  high  school  of 
Redlands  are  acknowledged  to  be  among-  the  best  in  the  State.  The 
latest  directory  lists  nearly  a  score  of  religious  and  charitable  so- 
cieties and  nearly  thirty    associations  for  social,  literary,   patriotic 


and   musical    purposes.      The 

Contemporary   Club   of     Red-  , 

lands  is  always  deserving  of  ^ 

special  mention.     It  includes  150  ladies  of 


Redlands,  and  is  devoted 


REDLANDS. 


87 


L.  A.  Eng  Co 


THE    SMII.KY    PUBI.IC    I^IBRARY. 


Photo,  by  Everitt. 


to  art,  letters,  society  and  local  reforms.  All  the  leading-  religious 
societies  have  adequate  houses  of  worship,  many  of  them  elegant. 
Through  the  liberality  of  one  of  her  citizens,  Mr.  A.  K.  Smiley, 
Redlands  has  one  of  the  few  handsome  buildings  in  Southern  Califor- 
nia used  exclusively  for  library  purposes.  It  is  a  modified  Mission  stj'le 
of  architecture,  with  tower,  tile  roof  and  corridors.  It  is  built  of  brick, 
with  marble  columns  and  trimmings.  The  interior  finish  throughout 
is  of  the  finest  polished  hard  woods,  the  windows  all  of  stained 
glass.  It  stands  in  a  park  of  twenty  acres  adjacent  to  the  business 
center,  and  both  park  and  library  were  a  gift  to  the  city.  Near  the 
library  is  a  large  brick  building  owned  by  the  Young  Men's  Christian 
Association  and  affording  ample  quarters  for  a  flourishing  society. 
Within  the  past  two  or  three  years  some  unusually  handsome  modern 
business  blocks  have  been  erected.  The  Columbia  Building  con- 
tains one  of  the  finest  society  halls  in  the  State,  for  the  use  of  the 
Knights  of  Pythias  and  one  or  two  allied  organizations. 


\ 

L.  A.  Eng.  Co 


INTERIOR    OF   THE    WBRARY. 


Photo,  by  Everitt. 


88  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

Yet  it  is  in  the  surrounding's  of  their  homes  that  the  citizens  find 
the  greatest  pleasure.  There  are  hundreds  of  beautiful  cottag-e 
homes,  each  surrounded  by  a  little  fioral  paradise  of  its  own,  and  re- 
flecting the  taste  and  care  of  its  owner.  Many  of  these  occupy  simply 
the  conventional  city  lot,  but  many  also  are  surrounded  by  orange 
groves.  The  orange-tree  with  its  snow-white  blossoms  and  golden 
fruit,  is  itself  a  most  effective  background  for  flowers,  lawns  and 
shrubbery. 

Even  a  humble  home  may  be  surrounded  by  a  most  attractive  ex- 
terior in  a  climate  like  this.  But  Redlands  has  also  many  elegant 
residences.  Many  of  the  more  ornate  and  expensive  dwellings  are 
upon  the  "  residence  tract  "  and  "  Redlands  Heights,"  sections  of  the 


KEDi^ANDS.  P*""°  ^y  ^^«"" 


city  lying  along  the  slopes  and  the  hills  back  of  the  town.  The  resi- 
dence of  Henry  Fisher  is  the  largest  in  the  city  at  present.  It  is 
Moorish  in  architecture,  with  thick  cement  walls,  a  tile  roof  and  an 
interior  court  with  an  electric  fountain. 

The  residence  of  E.  C.  Sterling  is  rendered  very  attractive  by  a  re- 
production of  the  famous  gardens  of  Italy,  planned  upon  a  series  of 
elaborate  terraces  with  granite  retaining  walls,  granite  and  cement 
railings,  and  cement  stairs  and  seats.  There  are  six  terraces,  the 
distance  between  each  pair  varying  between  six  and  twenty-six 
steps.  They  contain  summer  houses,  fish  ponds,  a  dial  and  a  pergola 
and  are  ornamented  by  groups  of  palms,  acacias,  Italian  cedars  and 
other  semi-tropical  trees,  by  climbing  vines,  and  many  groups  of 
flowers,  shrubs  and  foliage. 

The  residence,  now  in  process  of  construction,  for  Albert  C.  Bur- 
rage,  of  Boston,  is  probably  upon  a  larger  scale,  and  contains  a 
greater  number  of  special  features,  new  in  this  country,  than  any 
other  residence  in  Southern  California.  It  is  in  the  form  of  a  letter 
H,  with  towers  at  the  front  corners;  exterior  dimensions,  128x148. 
The  style  is  ancient  Christian  Spanish,  dittering  from  the  Moresque 
in  the  outer  ornamentation  of  the  walls.  The  former  is  severely 
plain,  the  latter  elaborately  ornamented  with  cement  and  stucco. 
The  entrance  to  this  mansion  is  in  the  crossbar  of  the  H.  There  are 
corridors  entirely  around  the  building,  supported  by  pillars,  and  with 
cement  floors.     From  the  entrance  one  steps  into  a  Pompeiian  recep- 


REDLANDS. 


89 


tion  hall  with  terrazo  pavement,  pillars  and  mural  painting-s,  a 
fountain  in  the  center  and  adorned  with  tropical  plants.  In  the  rear 
of  the  crossbar  of  the  H  will  be  a  swimming  pool  28  x  48  feet,  and 
six  feet  at  the  greatest  depth,  heated  from  the  furnaces  in  the  cellars 
of  the  building.  There  are  seventeen  bedrooms  to  be  finished  at 
present,  a  circular  dining-room,  drawing-rooms,  libraries  and  "dens". 
The  roof  will  be  of  tile.  There  will  be  twenty-one  miles  of  electric 
light  wiring,  when  completed,  which,  with  the  necessary  fixtures, 
will  cost  $10,000,  The  contracts  already  let  oti  this  dwelling  aggre- 
gate $100,000.  The  approaches  will  comprise  a  series  of  terraces, 
richly  ornamented  with  semi-tropical  trees  and  fiowers  in  great 
variety. 

So  far  as  outdoor  surroundings  are  concerned,  nothing  is  likely  to 
be  developed  in  California  to  exceed  the  domain  known  as  Caiion 
Crest  Park,  surrounding  the  homes  of  the  Messrs.  A.  K.  and  A.  H. 


L  A  Eng  Co, 


RESIDKNCE   OF   HENRY   FISHER. 


Photo,  by  Eyeritt. 


Smiley.  This  magnificent  private  park  covers  two  hundred  acres 
along  the  crest  of  the  hills,  looking  abruptly  down  hundreds  of  feet 
into  San  Timoteo  Caiion  and  over  one  of  the  most  superb  views  in 
the  world.  Standing  in  this  park  one  sees  miles  of  orange  groves 
extending  north,  east  and  west,  the  business" center  and  more  closely 
occupied  residence  portions  of  Redlands  in  the  middle  foreground, 
grain  fields  in  the  farther  distance,  and  the  fertile  slopes  of  High- 
lands, underneath  the  mountains,  at  the  farthest  north.  San  Ber- 
nardino and  Colton  are  outlined  on  the  northwest  and  the  west,  and, 
beyond  Colton  the  valley  lies  open  toward  the  sea  as  far  as  the  eye 
can  reach.  Except  in  this  direction,  on  all  sides,  are  the  majestic 
mountains. 

Each  of  the  Messrs.  Smiley  has  a  residence  overlooking  this  su- 
perb scenery.  The  park  contains  all  the  trees,  shrubs,  flowers  and 
vines  that  flourish  in  Southern  California.  It  aft'ords  the  botanist 
unlimited  opportunities  for  study  and  comparison,  for  it  has  over  a 


REDLANDS. 


91 


thousand  different  varieties  of  trees  and  shrubs,  to  say  nothing-  of  the 
flowers.  There  are  forty  varieties  of  the  eucalyptus,  twenty  of  acacias 
and  fifteen  of  palms.  Peppers,  g-revilleas  and  dracaenas  are 
massed  in  quantities  to  produce  striking-  effects  of  color  and 
foliag-e.  There  are  always  flowers  in  bloom,  of  infinite  variety. 
There  are  camphor,  umbrella  and  rubber  trees,  bamboos,  bananas, 
brooms,  heather,  yuccas,  ag-aves,  and  the  Kng-lish  and  Portug-al 
laurels.  Here  and  there  are  found  the  showy  bottle  brush,  flowering- 
peaches,  oleanders,  and  varieties  of  acacia  which  are,  in  season,  a 
mass  of  long-,  flowering-  fronds  of  indescribable  beauty. 

Redlands  has  the  limitations  of  all  small  communities  ;  but  it 
takes  a  just  pride  in  being-  a  city  of  homes,  a  clean  and  prog-ressive 
municipality  in  every  sense,  a  little  corner  of  the  world  where  nature 
is  kind  and  where  the  joys  of  living-  are  wholesome. 

Of  the  thousands  of  visitors  who  come  every  year,  some  always  re- 
main, or  return,  to  spend  the  remainder  of  their  days  here.  The 
equability  of  the  climate,  the  accessibility  of  scores  of  delightful 
summer  resorts,  the  almost  uninterrupted  opportunities  for  outdoor 
life  and  labor,  amusement,  riding-,  hunting-  and  fishing-,  g-olf  and 
other  sports,  the  prevailing-  air  of  thrift,  pros- 
perity and  happiness,  the  beauty  of  the  place, 
its  hig-h  standard  of  citizenship,  morality,  edu- 
cation and  relig-ion,  all  these  factors  in  the 
choice  of  a  home  bring-  to  Redlands  a  very  desir- 
able class  of  residents. 


OUTlvOOK    FROM    CANON   CREST   PARK. 


Petroleum  Versus  Petroleum. 

'S  FORTUNES  are  possible  in  California  petroleum  of  asphaltum  base  and 
eight  to  forty-five  degrees  gravity  at  $1.00  a  barrel,  the  high  gravity 
white  oil  gusher  struck  by  the  New  Century  Company  of  this  city,  in  the 
Placerita  Canon,  near  Newhall,  is  interesting  from  the  greater  value  of  the 
product.  An  analysis  of  this  oil  by  the  well  known  analytical  chemists,  J.  M. 
Curtis  &  Son  of  San  Francisco,  makes  the  following  showing : 

Petroleum  ether   3  66  per  cent 

Gasoline 14.83  per  cent 

Naphtha 30.33  per  cent 

Benzine 17.67  per  cent 

Lig"ht  kerosene 2333  per  cent 

Heavy  kerosene 10.00  per  cent      ^^f^Z  ^  B  R  A  /f 

Lubricating- oil None        ^     ^    ok  thk 

^^^'^•^""^ ■    -^'P^^^^'^YxTNIVERg 

Total 100.00  V 

Specific  gravity  at  60  degrees  Pah.,  .79918.  ^S^Cal'FQ? 

Equivalent  to  45.14  degrees  Baume. 

A  letter  accompanied  the  statement  from  the  chemists,  which  reads  as  follows  : 
GknTLKmen  :  For  refining  purposes  the  oil  would  be  divided  into  three  groups  : 
First,  petroleum  ether  and  gasoline.  Second,  naphtha  and  benzine.  Third, 
the  light  and  heavy  kerosene.  We  have  no  personal  knowledge  of  the  commer- 
cial value  of  such  oils  when  refined,  but  we  are  informed  by  a  friend  who  is  in 
the  business  that  the  market  today  for  the  first  group  is  14.5  cents  per  gallon  ; 
second  group  14  cents  ;  third  group  12  cents.  Yours  truly, 

J.  M.  Curtis  &  Son. 
While  the  writer  does  not  know  the   price  which   the  New  Century  Company 
may  be  securing  for  its  product,  its  value  may  be  closely  estimated  as  follows  : 

Petroleum  ether  and  g-asoline    comprising- 18.49  per  cent,  ©  145^c  a  eral. -2.681c  a  g-al. 

Naphtha  and  benzine comprising-  48.00  per  cent,  ©  14    c  a  g-al.»6.720c  a  g-al. 

Lig-ht  and  heavy  kerosene comprising-  33.33  per  cent,  @  12    c  a  g-al. -3.999c  a  g-al. 

Or  a  total  comprising-  99.82  per  cent, 13.40c  a  g-al. 

42  g-als.  to  the  barrel  (&  13  2-5c  a  g-al.-$5.63  a  barrel. 

Thus  we  have  in  this  case  a  demonstrated  value  five  times  that  of  the  ordinary 
California  product  which  has  made  so  many  fortunes. 

When  this  almost  transparent  liquid  wealth  was  struck  on  Aug.  2Sth,  1900,  it 
gushed  above  the  derricks  at  the  rate  of  two  hundred  barrels  a  day,  and  under 
the  pumps  is  now  steadily  producing  forty  barrels  a  day. 

The  second  well  of  the  company  is  within  a  short  distance  of  oil  sand  and  the 
strike  is  awaited  with  great  interest  by  stock  buyers  and  scientists  alike. 


■ 

Many  People  already  know  of  Hemel 

as  the  Garden-spot  of  Calijornia. 

THE      HE^^ET     LANDS 

WITH    ABUNDANCE    OF    WATER 

T    OCATFD  35  miles  South  of  Riverside.     Soil  and  climate  suitable 
I  ^     to  the  culture  of  the  Orange,  I^emon  and  Olive.     Corn,  Wheat 

and  Potatoes  yield  splendid  returns.      Good  market.      Excellent 

prices  for  produce. 

The  town  of  Hemet  is  a  thriving  place,  prosperous  stores,  banks, 
schools,  and  churches. 

WE    SEND    FREE   to  any  address  a  largre  illustrated  pamphlet 
g-iving-  reliable  conservative   facts   and    fig-ures  about  good 
California   irrig-able   lands   in   tracts   to  suit,  on   easy   paj- 
ments.     Title  perfect.        Address 

HEMET   LAND   CO,    Dept.  U,   Hemet,  Riverside  Co,    Cal. 

B 

llNVl/n    TIICIITDIPIII     Pnin     PDUy     prevents  early  wrinkles.      It  is  not  a  freckle  coating  ;    it  re- 
ninllU     inCHlnlUHL    UULU     UnCHni     moves  them.     ANYVO   CO.,   427   N.    Main    St.,   Los  Angeles 


^  s 

SI 


A   RIVERSIDE  THREE-YEAR-OLD. 


Photo,  by  Squire. 


A    RIVERSIDE   NIMROD. 


Photo,  by  Squire. 


MISCELLANEOUS 


,,=^©S:C?^ 


ELECTRIC  MOTOR  ^rr^Vn ■""'"Si  \ 

Sent  by  Mall,  POSTPAID— Money  Refunded  If  Not  Satisfactory      \ 


? 


^-'-l 
P 


\ 


EVERYONE   WANTS  TO   BE   PROfiRESSIVE 

To  make  PROGRESS  means  that  one  must  know  his  business,  and  be-    R 

cause  electricity  enters  into  every  INDUSTRY  OF  MODERN  TIMES  1 

recommend  my  Oddo  Motor  No.  7,  which  teaches  this  profession  by  Pkac 

TiCAL  Demonstkation.     The  motor  will  operate  models  of  boats  and  other  mach 

inery;  also  will  revolve  a  6-inch  fan  over  1500  Times  a  Minltte  with  1  g-ood  battery 

A  parlor  or  invalid's  room  can  be  perfumed  in  a  few  moments  by  placing-  a  bottle 

of  favorite  perfume,  smelling-  salts  or  deodorizer  in  front  of  fan  and  then  pressing- 

the  button  at  the  end  of  a  flexible  cord. 

Such  an  outfit  consists  of  the  motor,  6-inch  fan,  dry  battery,  flexible  cord  and  start- 
ing- button,  with  a  bottle  of  smelling-  salts  and  hardwood  box,  all  ready  for  instant 
work.  Price  §3.00  U'xpressage  extra).  Wake  up  in  the  night,  press  the  button,  and 
you  wouldn't  sell  the  outfit  for  a  fortune. 

RKMARKABLU        ttCICATDIO     I  IPUT     UnUC  9f  FOURTH  KDTTION 

8UCC12SS     .     .     .  CLCulnlU     LlUn  I      nURIb  Price  lOc,  postpaid 

PROFITABLE    AMUSEMENT    AND    INSTRUCTION    ALL   THE    YEAR. 

Everyone  should  learn  all  about  the  fascinating  business  profession, 

E  LECTRIC  ITY 

which,  although  practically  in  its  infancy,  now 
offers  an  inexhaustible  field  for  practical  and  intel- 
lectual advancement,  and  becomes  the  basis  of  all 
modern  science  and  industry.  That  you  may  ac- 
quire instruction  in  comprehensive  language, 
simple,  explicit  and  direct,  I  recommend  my 
little  book,  "Electric  Lig-ht  Home,"  which  in  i)lain 

lan^uaere  TEACHES    ELECTRICITY 

(The  3rd  and  4th  editions  sold  out  in  ten  weeks.) 
5th  edition  now  ready  and  mailed  for  10c.    Address 

MASON 


JAS. 

Dept.  D.C., 


NVENTOR 

70  West  Broadway,  New  York  City. 


C«T«BLISHCO     1886 


^i^^^'*si'*pi'*pi-'pr^'^'^^^^*^'*sfr^'*pr^'*pi'*i^^^p^ 


Telephone  Main  71 


Eureka  Stables 


W.  M.  OSBORN,  Prop. 


Iilvery  and 
Boarding... 


323  W.  Fifth  St. 


All-l>ay  Tally-Ho 

Kxcurtilonf),  Round        LoS  AngeleS,  Cal. 

Trip  »l.OO * 


Havana  Citcirs.  full  size. 


MUSICAL  PARLOR  CLOCK 

To  Kurcesiifully  introU'ico  our  KhkU 
Havana  ('iicar*  in  ewry  rouiitv,  rplial>le 
p^Mont  (urtiinhed  KKKt  a  MrSliM. 
PAkLOR  clock  The  clock  i»  b«^t 
American,  rum  eiKlit  <1uvi  with  one 
wiii'liiK,  ktrikes  hours  ami  hiitf  houri, 
haN  WiiislC't  iiiiys  cnoe  with  ^\\X  iirna- 
iiioiita,  is  17  iiirhes  lon^  ThiH  d.iiCK 
|iUys  MUtoiiinlically  and  iiriHltices 
chiiriuinK  sulecli.  lis,  from  m  f>ra»  to  iiop- 
ular  «oii|i!(  or  hyinnM,  and  lellii  as  high 
Hs  ♦JS  To  every  person  dondiiin  us  ^()c 
and  naniei  of  aix  ciitar  sniokerK  we  will 
ship  |>re)>iiid  free  of  mII  charire*  »«• 
c.reU  imoknl.o.ir  PKKMU-M  MUSICAL 
OPI'-KK  iiii'l  H  -iiiiiple  box   of  our  Kmle 

Eagle  Mfg.  Co.  21  JohnSt.N.Y. 


reichenbach.... 

Grille  and  Cabinet  Works 

618  S.  BROADWAY 


Artiatio  Grilles. 

Special  antl  Antique  Furniture, 

Fine  Cabinet  Work. 

Send  for  Desig-ns. 


Just  as  ph^^sical  perfection  enables  jou  to  defy  the  doctor, 
so  the  mechanical  perfection  of  an 

ELGIN     WATCH 

^  makes  it  independent  of  the  repair  man.  When  you  purchase 
'an  Klg-in  it  is  yours  for  accuracy,  for  durability,  for  beauty, 
Ifor  convenience,    for   economy.       Thc   World's  Standard.       full 

Ruby  Jeweled. 

Send     for    free     booklet— "The    Ways     of    a    Watch." 

ELGIN    NATIONAL    WATCH     CO.  =         =  Elgin,  III. 


An  Elgin  watch  always  has  the  word 
I  engraved  on  the  works — fully  gruaranteed 


Elgin' 


BUY  YOUR  NEW  PIANO 

Of  a  firm  that  sells  nothing-  but  g-ood  Pianos.  Buy  of  a 
reliable  firm,  of  a  firm  whose  hig-h  reputation  extends  all  over 
the  Southwest— buy  of  the  SOUTHERN  CALIFORNIA 
MUSIC  CO*  Every  Piano  that  stands  on  our  floors  is  sold  with 
the  hig-hest  g-uarantee — every  one  is  a  worthy  instrument. 

CHICKERING         HOWARD       KINGSBURY 


SHAW 


PEASE 


KRANICH&BACH 


We  have  an  easy  payment  plan  for  those  that  do  not  care  to 
pay  all  cash — a  few  dollars  down  and  a  few  dollars  each  month. 
An  easy  way  to  buy  a  Piano — so  easy  everybody  can  have  one. 

Southern  California  Music  Co,^ 

2J6-2I8  West  Thifd  Street,  Bradbury  Building.  Los  Angeles,  CaL 


Energy,  vigor  and  strength  foUow  the  use  pf  Abbott's,  the  Original  Angostura  Bitters.    At  grocer. 


1  ne     uana     oi     ::5unsnine 

PUBIvISHED    MONTHI^Y    BY 

TTtie  Land  of  Sianslnine  Publislning  Co. 

(incorporated) 
Rooms  5,  7,  9  ;    121>^  South  Broadway,  Ivos  Ang-eles,  Cal.,  U.  S.  A. 


HEADS  OF   DEPARTMENTS 
C.  M.  Davis       -  -  -        Gen.  Matiaerer 

Chab.  F.  Lummis  -  -  -    Editorial 

F.  A.  Pattee  -  -  -  Business 

Chas.  a.  Moody  -  -         Subscription 

F.  A.  ScHNELL         ...     News  Stand 

SUBSCRIPTION  RATES 
$1   a  year  in  the  United   States,  Canada    and 

Mexico. 
$1.50  a  year  to  other  countries  in  the  Postal 

Union. 

Entered  at  the  Los  Ang-eles.  Postoflfice  as  second- 
class  matter. 


Thanks  are  due  Mr.  E.  F.  Everitt  for  most  of 
the  photoflrraphic  views  of  Redlands  and  vicin- 
ity appearing-  in  this  number.  The  panoramic 
mountain  view  and  the  small  cut  on  cover  are 
by  Mr.  A.  T.  Park. 


HEMET'S     WATER     SUPPL.Y. 

Drainag-e  area  in  San  Jacinto  Mountains  trib- 
utary to  system,  100  square  miles. 

Present  height  of  masonry  dam,  122%  feet  ; 
can  be  increased  to  160  feet. 

Capacity  of  storag-e  reservoir,  34,770  acre  feet 
(suffcient  water  to  cover  34,770  acres  to  a  depth 
of  one  foot). 

Constant  natural  flow  of  water  into  reservoir 
from  water-bearing-  lands  owned  by  company, 
above  the  dam. 

Nineteen  artesian  flowing  wells,  part  of  them 
piercing-  deep  and  independent  supplies,  places 
Hemet  beyond  the  effects  of  dry  seasons. 

Water  conveyed  from  dam  to  consumers 
throug-h  18  miles  main  steel  pipe  ;  8  miles  ce- 
ment canal ;  5  miles  main  redwood  flume  :  to- 
g-ether with  lateral  pipes  and  flumes  along-  the 
streets  and  avenues. 

Water  delivered  under  pressure  for  domestic 
purposes  to  every  home  on  the  tract. 


TOURISTS  and  the  public  in  general  -wishing  the  newest  and  latest  in  the 
line  of  photograph)--  should  not  fail  to  secure  some  of  the  wonderful 
steel  engraved  photographs  made  only  in  Los  Angeles  by  Schumacher, 
107  N.  Spring  Street.  This  studio  is  the  first  to  introduce  them  and  the  only 
one  making  them.  Having  recently  returned  from  an  extended  trip  through- 
out the  East,  we  have  many  new  novelties  and  ideas  to  show  you.  This  studio 
has  been  established  twenty  years,  and  holds  the  World's  Fair  medal,  first  prize 
gold  medal  (above  all  competitors)  Midwinter  Pair,  San  Francisco,  1894,  and 
a  recent  medal  at  the  late  Paris  Exposition. 

A    Years    Output. 

As  compiled  by  the  Los  Angeles  Chamber  of  Commerce,  the  lead- 
ing products  of  Southern  California  for  1900  are  estimated 
as  follows : 


Citrus  Fruits $8,000,000 

Gold  and  Silver 6,400,000 

Petroleum,  estimated....  4,400,000 

Borax 1,150,000 

Hay 1,000,000 

Vegetables    and    Fruit 

consumed 1 ,  500, 000 

Dried  Fruit  and  Raisins      475,000 

Grain 150,000 

Canned  Goods 825, 000 

Sugar 1,000,000 

Fertilizers 1 ,  000, 000 

Copper 700,000 

Nuts 800,000 

Cement,  Clay  and  Brick      651,000 

Wine 850,000 

Beer 600,000 


Butter,  estimated $  500, 000 

Beans,  estimated 1,000,000 

Asphaltum 425,000 

Eggs,  estimated  325,000 

Celery,  estimated 300,000 

Poultry 250,000 

Hides 200,000 

Fresh  Fish 240,000 

Canned  Fish 115,000 

Wool 150,000 

Vegetables,  exported.. ..  325,000 

Cheese,  estimated 120,000 

Olives,  estimated 100,000 

Salt,    Mineral    Water 

and  Lead 180,000 

Lime 95,000 

$33,826,000 


INVESTMENTS 


—   -=Os<^ 


E.  G.  JUDSON,  REU  ESKTE 


and     investment 
securities,  orange 
groves,  town  lots, 
business  property.     A  residence  of  24  years  gives  me  a  thorough  know^ledge 
of  all  kinds  of  property.     Can  refer  by  permission  to  either  of  the  local  banks. 


OFFICE,  102  ORANGE  STREET, 


REDLANDS,  CALIFORNIA 


REDLANDS,  CALIFORNIA 


The  city  of  beautiful  HOMES,  CHURCHES,  SCHOOLS  (No  Saloons),  in 
the  midst  of  profitable  Orangre  Groves  ;  with  a  delightful  climate,  grand 
mountain  scenery,  etc.  For  information  regrarding-  Orang-e  Lands  and 
Groves,   address   or   call   on   FOSTER  &  SIBLEY,    Cane  &  Heeve    Block, 

REDLANDS,    CALIFORNIA 

REDLANDS,  CALIFORNIA 

A    CITY    OF    BEAUTIFUL    HOMES 

Climate    unsurpassed,    magnificent  AND    FINE    ORANGE    GROVES 

scenery,  excellent  schools  and  churches,  best  of  society,  NO  SALOONS.     If  you  want 
a  HOME^  in  Southern  California,  or  a  NAVEL  ORANGE  GROVE  as  an  invest- 
ment, call  upon  or  address  JOHN     P        FISK 
ROOMS    1     AND    2,     UNION     BANK    BLOCK  REDLANDS,     CAL. 


THE  BEST  INVESTMENT 


IS  AN 


INVESTMENT    IN   COMFORT 


It  cannot  be  had  every 
where  at  any  price. 
You  will  find  it  at 
Moderate  Cost  at  the 

Hotel  ^^ 
Windsor 

REDLANDS,    CAL. 

W.  G.  HOWARD, 
Proprietor 


MAYWOOD  COLONY 


CORNING, 

TEHAMA    COUNTY, 

CAL.  FOSTER  &  WOODSON,  Props. 


The  Garden  Spot  of  the  Sacramento  Valley.  The  larg-est,  most  successful  Fruit  Colony  in 
the  world.  More  than  six  hundred  and  seventy-five  thousand  fkuit  trees  grrow- 
ing-  ;  planting-  still  continues.  Nearly  2500  happy,  industrious,  prosperous  people  working 
FOR  themselves.  Plenty  of  water  the  whole  year.  Costly  irrigation  unnecessary.  Small 
tracts  planted  and  cultivated  for  non-resident  owners.  Selling  rapidly. 
For  illustrated  literature,  etc.,  write  or  call  on  RALPH  HOYT,  Resident  Managrer,  Southern  Cal- 
ifornia Office,  241  Doug-las  Bldg.,  Los  Angeles. 


^^THE^==    ORANGE  GROVES 

1 ^  For  reliable  infornuilion  as  to  cost,  care,  culture 

UNION      D  A  N  K  I  C.  H.  FOWLErwe  OrangeTC  REDLAHDS 


REDLANDS,    CALIFORNIA 


Capital 
Surplus 


$50,000 
35,000 


K.  C.  Wki.i.s,  President 

Sam'i..  J.  Hayks,  Vice-President 
H.  H.  FoKi).  Cashier 


Modern  Steel  Vault 
Safety  Deposit  Boxes 


Visitors  to  California  sliould  not 
fail  to  see  Rediands,  the  "  MaGIC 
City"  of   the   Coast.    j»    >    j» 


R  L.  BISBY 

523  Laughlin  Block,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Oil  Lands  and  Leases 

I  make  it  a  business  to  offer  only  proven 
lands  in  the  heart  of  the  best  districts. 
If  you  are  interested  in  oil,  communicate 
with  me  and  I  can  give  you  valuable  data. 
New  York  Address        -        -        J6  E.  23rd  Street- 


Do  You  Want  to  Know 


PADDOCK  &  DAVIS 

RIVERSIDE,  Cal. 


A    PIANO 
GIVEN     AWAY 

Who  can  arrang-e  these  live  groups  of 
letters  into  the  names  of  five  well 
known  and  common  household  articles 
which  are  used  in  every  home  :  "Rahic," 
"edb,"  "veost,"  "retpac,"  "balet."  Use 
each  letter  only  in  its  own  g-roup;  each 
g-roup  makes  a  name.  Send  your  an- 
swer todaj'  if  possible.    Try  and  be  first. 

A  handsome  Uprig-ht  Piano,  a  Seal 
Jacket,  a  China  Dinner  Set,  a  Gold 
Watch,  a  Bicycle,  a  Silk  Dress  Pattern, 
and  many  other  handsome  and  valuable 
prizes  will  be  offered  to  those  who  an- 
swer quickl)'.  Send  no  money  with 
your  reply,  but  be  sure  and  send  the 
name  and  address  of  your  nearest  drug-- 
g-ist  and  tell  us  whether  or  not  he 
handles  "Saturday  Ni^ht."  We  are  a 
reliable  concern  and  perfectly  capable 
of  carrying  out  every  ofter  we  make. 
We  refer,  as  to  our  standing,  to  any 
wholesale  drug-  house  in  the  United 
States.  Distance  makes  no  difference; 
everyone  will  have  an  equal  opportun- 
ity. Perfect  satisfaction  guaranteed. 
You  will  receive  our  reply  by  return 
mail.  Address  Ward  Drug  Co.,  56-58 
Warren  street,  Dept.  S,  New  York. 


MISCELLANEOUS 


Grace — E^legance  —  Comfort 

With  present  modes,  some  support  and 
modeling'  is  essential  to  most  fig-ures. 

The  Sahlin  Perfect  Form 
and  Corset  Combined 


Patentea  July  Joth,  IsyS, 


L^eaves    the     body 

-at-ease.     No  corset 

is  necessary,  as  it 

is     a     corset     and 

form      combined. 

Requires 

no  canvas 

or  other 

unpliable 

interlining-. 

Straps  and 

;         bands  at 

back  and 

waist  are  a 

sufficient 

support, 

while  the 

solid  front 

g-ives 


February  2utn,  1900. 


Graceful  and  Natural  Curves 

PHYSICIANS  APPROVE  this  new  device,  which 
retains  all  the  good  and  avoids  the  evil  of  the  ordinary 
corset.  There  can  be  no  compression  or  displacement 
of  heart,  lung-s  or  stomach.  Nothing  is  lost  in  style  or 
shape,  as  in  most  substitutes  for  corsets.  Lig^ht  and 
easy.  Pricc,best  grade,  full  length,  $1.50;  medium,  $1.00. 

Ask  your  dealer  ;  if  he  cannot  supply  you,  order 
direct,  and  add  18c.  for  postag^e.  Give  leng-fh  of  waist 
under  arm,  bust  and  waist  measure. 

Write  for  Free  catalogue. 

Sahlin  Corset  Co.,  141  Market  St.,  Chicago 


NO   LOSS  OR  WORRY 

If  Norny's  Preserving  Powder  is  used.  Pre- 
vents fermentation,  restores  badly  spoiled  fruit 
or  tomatoes.  Endorsed  by  all  who  have  used  it. 
One  box  will  preserve  40  quarts.  Price  35  cents 
per  box.  Trial  sample,  circulars,  etc.,  for  the 
asking-.     Address 

ZANE  NOKNY  &  CO., 
P.  O.  Box  868-  Fhiladelphia,   Pa. 

Established  1869. 


w 


ILL  develop  or  reduce 
any  part  of  the  body 


A  Perfect  Complexion  Beantifier 
and 

Remover  of  Wrinkles 

Dr.  John  Wilson  Gibbs' 

THE  ONLY 

Electric  Massage  Roller 

(Patented  United  States,   Europe, 
Canada.) 
"  Its  work  is  not  confined  to  the 
face  alone,  but  will  do  good  to  any 
Trade-Mark  Registered.       part  of  the  body  to  which  it  is  ap- 
plied, developing  or  reducing  as  desired.      It  is  a  very  pretty 
iddition  to  the  toilet-table."— Chicago  Tribune. 

"This  delicate  Electric  Beautifier  removes  all  facial  blemishes. 

It  is  the  only  positive  remover  of  wrinkles  and  crow's-feet      It 

lever  fails  to  perform  all  that  is  expected."— Chieago  Times- 

lerald. 

"The  Electric  Roller  is  certainly  productive  of  good  results. 

believe  it  the  best  of  any  appliances     It  is  »afe  and  effective." 

— Haksiet  Hubbard  Atbb,  New  York  World. 

For  Massage  and  Curative  Purposes 

vn  Electric  Roller  in  all  the  term  implies.  The  invention  of  a 
jhysician  and  electrician  known  throughout  this  country  and 
ilurope.  A  most  perfect  complexion  beautifier  Will  remove 
vrinkles,  "crow's-feet"  (premature  or  from  age),  and  all  facial 
■lemishes— POSITIVE.  Whenever  electricity  is  to  be  used  for 
uassaging  or  curative  purposes,  it  has  no  equal.  No  chartfing. 
^ill  last  forever.  Always  ready  for  use  on  ALL  PARTS  OF  THE 
'iODY,  for  all  diseases.  For  Rheumatism,  Sciatica,  Neuralgia, 
Vervous  and  Circulatory  Diseases,  a  specific  The  professional 
-tanding  of  the  inventor  (you  are  referred  to  the  public  press 
'or  the  past  fifteen  years),  with  the  approval  of  this  country 
ind  Europe,  is  a  perfect  guarantee.  PRICE  :  Gold,  $4  00, 
•iilver,  $3.00.  By  mail,  or  at  office  of  Gibbs'Company,  1370 
'Broadway,  N«w  York.    Circular  free. 

The  Only 
Electric  Roller. 
All  others 
so  called  are 
Fraudulent 
Imitations. 

Copyright. 
"Can  take  a  pound 
I  day  ofl?  a  patient, 
)r  put  It  on.'  — New 
ifork  Sun,  Aug.  30, 
1891.  Send  for  lec- 
ture on  "Great  Sub- 
ject of  Fat."     NO  DIETING.    ^0  HARD  WORK.     [Copyright. 

Dr.  John  Wilson  Gibbs'  Obesity  Cure 
For  the  Permanent  Reduction  and  Cure  of  Obesity 

Purely  Vegetable.     Harmless  and  Positive.  NO  FAILURE.    Your 
reduction  is  assured— reduced  to  stay.     One  month's  treatment 
15.00.     Mail,  or  office,  1370  Broadway,  New  York      '"On  obesity. 
Dr.  Gibbs  is  a  recognized  authority.— N.  Y.  Press,  1899." 
REDUCTION  GUARANTEED. 

"The  cure  is  based  on   Nature's   laws."— New  York   Herald, 
July  9,  1893. 


HAVE  YOl  A  TOOTH 

That  is  particularly  sensitive  and  that  you  are 
dreading  to  have  filled  because  of  the  torture  of 
dental  methods  as  you  know  them? 

That's  the  tooth  I  want  to  fill  for  >ou -because, 
by  my  care  in  the  supply  and  application  of  ever^- 
modern  means  of  lessening  the  means  of  tooth 
care,  by  g-entle  operating  and  by  prompt,  quick 
work,  I  am  certain  to  pleasantly  surprise  you  and 
to  lay  the  foundation  for  a  long  friendship  in  your 
satisfaction. 


Phone  Red  3261.      Spinks  Blk.,  Cor.  Fifth  and  Hill. 


EDUCATIONAL 


POMONA  COLLEGE 


Claf  emont, 
California. 


Courses  leading  to  degrees  of  B.A.,  B.S..  and 
B.  h.  Its  degrees  are  recognized  by  Univer- 
sity of  California,  Stanford  University,  and 
all  the  Eastern  Universities. 

Also  preparatory  School,  fitting  for  all 
Colleges,  and  a  School  of  Music  of  high 
grade.       Address, 

FRANK  I..  F£KGUSON,  Pregident 

THE  CHAFFEY  SCHOOL  ??J»c.,. 

Most  healthful  and  beautiful  location.  Well 
endowed.  Prepares  for  any  university.  Teach- 
ing or  business  Fully  accredited  by 
State  University. 

GIRLS  troined  foi  the  home  and  society  hy  cultured  lady  teach- 
ers at  Elm  Hall.    Special  teacher  in  domestic  economy. 

BOYS  <ieveloped  in  manly  qualities  and  business  habits  by 
gentlemen  teachers  at  West  Hall.     Individual  attention. 

Piano  and  Voice,  resident  teachers,  highest  standards. 

Illustrated  catalogue.  DEAN  WILLIAM  T.  RANDALL. 

LASELL    SEIVIINARY 

FOR 

YOUNG   WOMEN 

Attburndale,  Mass. 

"  In  your  walking  and  sitting  so  much  more 
erect;  in  your  general  health;  in  your  conver- 
sation; in  your  way  of  meeting  people,  and  in 
Innumerable  ways,  I  could  see  the  benefit  you 
are  receiving  from  your  training  and  associa- 
tions at  Lasell.  All  this  you  must  know  is  very 
gratifying  to  me." 

So  a  father  wrote  to  his  daughter  after  her 
Christmas  vacation  at  home.  It  is  unsolicited 
testimony  as  to  Lasell's  success  in  some  im- 
portant lines. 

Those  who  think  the  time  of  their  daughters 
is  worth  more  than  money,  and  in  the  quality 
of  the  conditions  which  are  about  ilzem  during 
school-life  desire  the  very  best  that  the  East 
can  offer,  will  do  well  to  send  for  the  illus- 
trated catalogue. 

G.  C.  BBAODON,  Principal 


SCHOOL 
OF 


NURSING 


INSTRUCTION  BY  MAIL  ONLY. 


A  thorough  and  complete  course  of  study.  You 
can  become  a  trained  nurse  by  studjring  in  your 
leisure  hours  at  home.  We  furnish  everything. 
Handsome  Diploma  when  you  graduate.  Ex- 
perienced teachers.  Long  established.  Students 
all  pleased  and  successful.  Moderate  fees.  Write 
for  catalogue,  which  is  sent  free. 

National  Correspondence  School  of  Nurs- 
ing, Masonic  Temple;  Minneapolis, 
Minn. 


Occidental  College 

LOS  ANGELBS,  CAL. 

Three  Courses:     classical,  uterary. 

Scientific,  leading  to  degrees  of  A.  B.,  B.  L.,  and 
B.  S.    Thorough  Preparatory  Department 

First  semester  began  September  26, 1900. 

Address  the  President, 

Rev.  Guy  W.  Wadsworth. 

PASADENA 

124    S.    EUCLID    AVENUE 

MISS  OBTON'S   BOARDING  AND 

DAY  SCHOOI.  FOB  GIBI.S. 

New  Buildings.  Gymnasium.  Special  care  ol 
health.  Entire  charge  taken  of  pupils  during 
school  year  and  summer  vacation.  Certificate 
admits  to  Eastern  Colleges.  11th  year  began 
October  1, 1900. 


Formerly  Casa  de  Rosas. 


GIRLS'  COLLEGIATE  SCHOOL 


Adams  and  Hoover  Sts., 
Los  Ang^eles,  Cal. 


Alice  K.  Parsons,  B.A., 

JEANNK  W.   DBNMEN, 

Principals. 


The  Brownsberger  Home  School 

SHORTHAND  AND  TYPEWRITING 
903  South   Broadway.        Tel.  Blue  7061. 

7n  Latest  Model  Typewriters  owned  by  this 
'*'  institution.  Only  individual  work.  Ma- 
chine at  home  free.  Hours  8:30  to  12:30,  and 
1:30  to  4:30.  The  only  school  on  the  Coast  doiuff 
practical  office  work.  Evening-  school  every 
evening.     Send  for  handsome  new  catalogue. 

College  of  Immaculate  Heart 

Select  boarding  School 
FOR  Young  ladies 

For  particulars  address  Sister  Superior, 
Pico  Heifirhts,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


212    Sn/IBST    THIRD    STRBBT 

is  the  oldest  established,  has  the  largest  attendance,  and  is  the  best  equipped 
business  college  on  the  Pacific  Coast.     Catalogue  and  circulars  free. 


The  bitters  that's  best  and  has  stood  the  test— Abbott's,  the  Original  Angostura  Bitters.   At  druggists. 


THE   HaRVffRD  SCHOOI^ 

(  MIILITART ) 
AVESTERN     aVE.,     UOS    ANGELES,    CaLIFORNlA 

An  Eng-lish,  Classical  Boarding-  and  Day  School.  Second  term  begrins  February  12th,  1901.  In 
the  founding-  of  this  school  an  effort  has  been  made  to  supply  for  Los  Ang-eles  a  much  needed  want, 
a  select  school  for  boys  i"  a  home  of  Its  own,  which  shall  compare  favorably  in  its  building-s, 
spacious  g-rounds,  appointments  and  teaching-  force  with  our  best  schools  East  or  West. 

The  citizens  of  Los  Ang-elesandthe  West  who  are  desirous  of  the  privileg-esof  a  private  school  of 
a  hig-h  g-rade,  and  those  people  of  the  East  who  for  reasons  of  health  desire  for  their  sons  an  excellent 
school  in  our  unsurpassed  climate,  are  especially  invited  to  investig-ate. 

City  Office,  207  W.  Third  St.  GRENVILLE  C.  EMERY,  A.  B.,  Head  Master. 

References  by  Permission  :  Charles  W.  Eliot,  LL.  D.,  Pres't  Harvard  University. 

Hon.  Wm.  P.  Frye,  Pres't  Pro  Tempore  United  States  Senate. 


A  boys'  school  giving  thor- 
ough drill  in  the  common 
branches,  and  preparing  for 
all  courses  at  college.  Indi 
viduai  instruction  — manual 
training  —  systematic  physi- 
cal culture  are  some  of  the 
advantages  offered. 

Los  Angeles 


Academy 


(Military) 


A  CLASSICAL  AND  ENGLISH  DAY 
AND  BOARDING  SCHOOL 

Re-opened  September  25th 
1900.  Terminus  Westlake 
branch  of  Traction  line. 

Parents  will  find  our  illus- 
trated catalogue  helpful  in 
deciding  upon  a  school. 

Mailed  upon  request. 

Sanford  a  Hooper, 

Head  Master. 
Edward  L.  Hardy,  Associate 


PRESENT  THIS  COUPON  at  any  store 
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"S  YOSEMITE    CRYSTALS. 


CALIFORNIA 
SOUVENIRS 

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Helleville,  N.  J.     Chicago,  fll. 


LITERATURE 


A  Weekly  Feast  to  Nourish  HungT}-  Minds."— ^V.  T.  Evangelist. 

FouNOKi)  By  E.  LITTEIvL  In  1844 


The  Living  Age 


A    WEEKLY    MAGAZINE    OF 

FOREIGN  PERIODICAL  LITERATURE 

A  Necessity  To  Every   Reader  of  Intelligence  and  (Literary  Taste 

"  The  Siege  of  the  Legations  " 

The  LiviNCi  Ag?:  will  beg-in  in  its  issue  for  November  17,  and  will  con- 
tinue for  several  successive  numbers,  a  thrilling- account  of  *'The  Siege  of  the 
Legations/*  written  by  Dr.  Morrison,  the  well  known  correspondent  of  The 
London  Times  at  Peking-.  This  narrative  is  of  absorbing  interest  in  its  descrip- 
tions of  the  daily  life  of  the  besieged  legationers,  and  it  is  noteworthy  also  as 
containing  some  disclosures  relating  to  the  inside  history  of  what  went  on  at 
Peking  in  those  stirring  days,  which  are  altogether  new  and  of  the  utmost  im- 
portance. The  unusual  length  of  Dr.  Morrison's  narrative  has  precluded  and 
probably  will  preclude  any  other  publication  of  It  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic. 
In  England  it  has  attracted  wide  notice. 


Each  Weekly  Number  Contains  Sixty-four  Pages 

in  which  are  given  without  abridgment,  the  most  interesting  and  important 
contributions  to  the  periodicals  of  Great  Britain  and  the  Continent,  from  the 
weighty  articles  in  the  quarterlies  to  the  light  literary  and  social  essays  of  the 
weekly  literary  and  political  journals.  Science,  politics,  biography,  art,  travel, 
public  affairs,  literary  criticism  and  all  other  departments  of  knowledge  and 
discussion  which  interest  intelligent  readers  are  represented  in  its  pages. 

Each  Number  Contains 

a  short  story  and  an  installment  of  a  serial  story  ;  and  translations  of  striking 
articles  from  French,  (Jerman,  Italian  and  Spanish  periodicals  are  made  ex- 
pressly for  the  magazine  by  its  own  staff  of  translators. 

The  I^ivin(.  Age  has  ministered  for  over  fifty-six  years  to  the  wants  of  a 
large  class  of  alert  and  cultivated  readers,  and  is  today  perhaps  even  more 
valuable  than  ever  to  those  who  wish  to  keep  abreast  of  current  thought  and 
discussion. 

Published  WEEKLY  at  $6.00  a  year,  postpaid.     Single  Numbers 

15  Cents  Each. 


FREE  FOR  THREE  MONTHS 


Until  the  edition  is  exhausted  there  will  be  sent  to  each  new  subscriber  for 
I'K)!,  on  request,  the  inimbers  of  The  Livin(;  Age  from  Oct.  1st  to  Deceml>er 
31st,  1*M)().  Those  numbers  will  contain  The  Siege  of  the  Legations,  as  above, 
Heinrich  SoideTs  attractive  serial.  The  Treasure,  and  the  opening  chapters  of 
A  Parisian  Household  by  Paul  liourget.  These  serials  are  copyrighted  by 
THE  LIVING  AGE  and  will  appear  only  in  this  magazine. 

Address  TIIK  LIVING   A(;K  CO.,  P.  O.   Box  5206,  Boston. 


S^-S^t^- 


TOURIST    HOTELS 


Hotel  Westminster.... 


American  and 

European  Plans 


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LOS  ANGELES 


The 
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Every  Modern 

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REDLANDS,    CALIfOBNIA 

AN  IDEAL  WINTER  HOME 
IN  THE  MOST  BEAUTIFUL 
AND  HEALTHFUL  LOCA- 
TION IN  SOUTHERN  J-  J^ 
CALIFORNIA    J^    ^     ^    J' 


STFAMHEAT     ^      ^      ^ 
^        '        IC    ELEVATORS 

t^r*       t^       Jf'       Jt' 


VV  V 


Write  for  Particulars 
and  Booklet    t^     ^ 

J.  H.  BOHON, 
Manager 


t  M^^        Creates  a    Perfect   Complexion 


Mrs.  Graham's 


Cucumber  and  Elder 


Flower  Cream 


It  cleanses,  whitens  and  beautifies  the  skin, 
feeds  and  nourishes  skin  tissues,  thus  banish^ 
ing-  wrinkles.  It  is  harmless  as  dew,  and  as 
nourishing-  to  the  skin  as  dew  is  to  the  flower. 
Price  $1.00  at  drug-gists  and  agents,  or  sent 
anywhere  prepaid.  Sample  bottle,  10  cents. 
A  handsome  book,  "  How  to  be  Beautiful,''^ 
free.  | 

GRAHAM'S     CACTICO     HAIR     GROWER 

TO    MAKE    HIS    HAIR   GROW.    AND 

QUICK    HAIR    RESTORER 

TO    RESTORE  THE   COLOR. 

Both  g-uaranteed  harmless  as  water.  Sold  bv  best  DruH^gists,  or  sent  in  plain  sealed  wrapper  by- 
express,  prepaid.     Price,  SI  .OO  each.     For  sale  by  all  Drutrsrists  and  Hairdealers. 

Send  for  FRKE  ROOK:  "A  Confidential  Chat  with  Bald  Headed,  Thin  Haired  and  Gray  Hairc^ 
Men  and  Women."'    Good  Ag-ents  wanted.  * 

REDIN6TON  &  CO.,  San  Francisco,  Gen.  Pacific  Coast  Agents.  | 

MRS.  OERVAISE  GRAHAM,  1261  Michigan  Ave.,  Chicago] 

MRS.  WEATSR-JACKSON,   Hair  Stores  and  Toilet   Parlors,   318  S.  Spring  St.,    Los  An-I 

^  geles.    S2  Fair  Oaks  Ave.,  cor.  Green  St  ,  Pasadena.  \ 


GOLD  MEML.  PARIS,  1900 


Baker's 
Breakfast 


Cocoa 


Always  uniform 
in  quality,  abso- 
lutely pure,  deli- 
cious and  nutri- 
tious. 

The  genuine 
goods  bear  our 
trade-mark  on  every 
package. 


TRADE-MARK. 


WALTER  BAKER  &  CO.  Ltd., 
Estal)Usliedl780.  DORCHESTER,  MASS. 


r  uu    A.O    I  aui 


FBBRUffRY,     1901. 


Vol.  XIV,  No, 


THE    WIZARD    OF    THE    GARDEN 
RELICS    OF    OLD    CALIFORI 
EARLY    WESTERN     HISTORY 


^RDEN) 
INIA       > 


RicWy 

Illustrated 


:  i^.^;^^^^^  PAISE5  DEL  SOLDHATAN  EL  ALMA"^jg;^:^^ii^^C;^^;^;^^^ 


THE  LAND  OF 

SUNSHINE 


>^         THE  MAGAZINE  OF"? 


CALIFORNIA  AND  THE  WEST 

EDITED  BY  CHAS.F.  LUMMIS 


:> 
> 
> 
> 


■■■Pj 

gHfl 

'J^^H! 

9 

WM/k 

^^ 

Wi^: 

I^W 

-  'ij 

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ill 

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UNDER   THE   PEPPER   TREES. 


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STANDARD    CONCERNS 


A  BARGAIN ! !  ruii  platform  RocKAWAY-with  both  poie  and  shafts. 

Interior   upholstered    in    morocco;   has    removable    front   glass   partition. 


r 


Made  by  the  NEW  HAVEN  CARRIAGE  CO.,  and  is  tirst-class  in  every  particular. 
We  offer  this   Rockaway    for   $550*00,  which    is    less    than    cost  to  us. 


HAWLEY,  KING  &  CO. 


COR.  BROADWAY  AND  FIFTH  ST. 


for  Your  Pet  Negative 


There  is   a   Perfection   and   Quality  about   the    Famous 

BRADLEY    PLATINUM    PAPER 

which  justly  makes  k  **  Without  a  Rival/'  It  bears  the 
maker's  guarantee,  and  is  sold  only  by  first-class  dealers 
in  photo  supplies,  which  is  a  double  guarantee.    ^  ^  ^ 

Manufactured  only  by 

JOHN    BRADLEY,    Chemist,    PHILADELPHIA 


STANDARD  CONCERNS 


Evening  Dress  Suits 


No  tailor,  no  matter  what  his  reputation  or 
prices  may  be,  can  fit  you  out  any  better  than 
we  can.  Our  Tuxedo  Suits  of  unfinished 
worsted  at  $33.00  are  equal  to  the  $50.00  sort 
you  get  from  the  to-order  tailors.  Our  English 
Crep^  coats  and  vests  at  $28.00  and  $30.00  are 
equal  to  what  you  would  pay  a  third  more  for 
in  other  stores. 

Mail  orders  promptly  filled. 

Mullen  &  Bluett  Clothing  Co. 

N.W.  cor.  First  and  Spring  Sts.,  Los  Angeles.  Cal. 


OIL  LANDS      INVESTMENTS    oil  stocks 

"We  g-ive  our  entire  time  to  this  business,  and  offer  you  the  best  advice  regrarding-  the  different 
oil  investments.    Prompt  attention  to  all  mail  orders. 

R.  Y.  CAMPTON,  201   Laughlin  BIdg.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.     ^^'2^53 


A  DIFFERENT  CALIFORNIA 

Are  all  your  ideas  of  California  correct? 
You  may  not  know,  for  instance,  that  in 
Fresno  and  Kings  Counties,  situate  in  the 
noted  San  Joaquin  Valley,  is  to  be  found 
one  of  the  richest  tracts  of  land  in  the  State. 
60,000  acres  of  the  Lag-ana  deTache 
grant  for  sale  at  $30  to  $45  per  acre,  in- 
cluding Free  Water  Kig-Iit,  at  S2j4 
cents  per  acre  annual  rental  (the  cheapest 
water  in  California).  Send  your  name  and 
address,  and  receive  the  local  newspaper 
free  for  two  months,  and  with  our  circulars  added  you  may  learn  some- 
thing of  this  different  California. 

Address  NARES  &  SAUNDERS,  Managers, 

Branch  Office  :  LATON,  FRESNO  CO.,  CAL. 

1840  Mariposa  St.,  Fresno,  Cal. 

Or  C.  A.  HUBERT,  207  W.  Third  St..  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

TOURIST  INFORMATION  BUREAU,  10  Montgomery  St.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
NARES,  ROBINSON  &  BLACK,  Winnipeg,  Man.,  Canada. 
SAUNDERS,  MUELLER  &  CO.,  Emmelsburg,  Iowa. 
C.  A.  HUBERT,  950  Fifth  St.,  San  Diego,  Cal. 


Huninel  Bros.  &  COh  Largest  Emptoynieiit  A^eiM^.    300  W.  Secqmt  St     Tel.  Main  509 


The  Land  of  Sunshine 


incorporated)    capital  stock  150,000 


The  Magazine  of  California  and  the  West 

EDITED  BY  CHAS.   F.  LUMMIS 

The  Only  Exclusively  Western  Magazine 


AMONG   THE   STOCKHOLDERS   AND   CONTRIBUTORS   ARE  : 


DAVID  STARR  JORDAN 

President  of  Stanford  University. 

FREDERICK  STARR 

Chicasro  University. 

THEODORE  H.  HiTTEIvL 

The  Historian  of  California. 

MARY  HALIvOCK  FOOTE 

Author  of  "The  Led-Horse  Claim,"  etc. 

MARGARET  COLI^IER  GRAHAM 

Author  of  "  Stories  of  the  Foothills." 

GRACE  ELIyERY  CHANNING 

Author  of  "  The  Sister  of  a  Saint,"  etc. 

ELLA  HIGGINSON 

Author  of  "  A  Forest  Orchid,"  etc. 

JOHN  VANCE  CHENEY 

Author  of  "Thistle  Drift,"  etc. 

CHARLES  WARREN  STODDARD 

The  Poet  of  the  South  Seas. 

INA  COOLBRITH 

Author  of  "  Soners  from  the  Golden  Gate,"  etc. 
EDWIN  MARKHAM 

Author  of  "The  Man  With  the  Hoe." 

JOAQUIN  MILLER 

The  Poet  of  the  Sierras. 

CHAS.  FREDERICK  HOLDER 

Author  of  "  The  Life  of  Agrassiz,"  etc. 

CONSTANCE  GODDARD  DU  BOIS 
Author  of  "  The  Shield  of  the  Fleur  de  Lis." 


WILLIAM  KEITH 

The  grreatest  Western  Painter. 

DR.  WASHINGTON  MATTHEWS 

Ex-Pres.  American  Folk-Lore  Society. 

GEO.  PARKER  WINSHIP 

The  Historian  of  Coronado's  Marches. 

FREDERICK  WEBB  HODGE 

of  the  Bureau  of  Ethnolog-y,  Washing-ton. 

GEO.  HAMLIN  FITCH 

Literary  Editor  S.  F.  "Chronicle." 

CHARLOTTE  PERKINS  STETSON 

Author  of  "  In  This  Our  World." 
CHAS.  HOWARD  SHINN 

Author  of  "The  Story  of  the  Mine,"  etc. 

T.  S.  VAN  DYKE 

Author  of  "Rod  and  Gun  in  California,"  etc. 

CHAS.  A.  KEELER 

A  Director  of  t':o  California  Academy 
of  Sciences. 

LOUISE  M.  KEELER 
ALEX.  F.  HARMER 

L.  MAYNARD  DIXON 

Illustrators. 

ELIZABETH  AND 

JOSEPH  GRINNELL 

Authors  of  "  Our  Feathered  Friends." 

BATTERMAN  LINDSAY, 
CHAS.  DWIGHT  WILLARD 


CONTENTS   FOR   FEBRUARY,   1901:  pagb 

The  Camino  Del  Padre Frontispiece. 

On  the  Trail  of  Death  (poem),  Sharlot  M.  Hall 95 

The  Wizard  of  the  Garden,  illustrated,  Chas.  Howard  Shinn 96 

Relics  of  Old  California,  illustrated Ill 

Residence  of  Arizona's  First  Governor,  illustrated 119 

Violets  and  Acacia  (poem),  E.  C.  Tompkins 120 

At  Indian  Well,  illustrated,  Frances  Anthony 121 

Marjorie  Daw,  illustrated 126 

Consuelo's  Hour  (story),  Amanda  Mathews 127 

Digg-er  Indian  Legends,  L.  M.  Burns 130 

An  Instance  (poem),  Julia  Boynton  Green 134 

Accurate  California  Statistics 135 

Early  Western  History,  the  '*  Memorial  "  of  Fray  Alonsode  Benavides,  1630. 
Translated  by  Mrs.  Edward  E.  Ayer,  annotated  by  F.  W.  Hodge,  edited 

with  notes  by  Chas.  F.  Lummis 137 

In  the  Lion's  Den  (by  the  editor) 149 

That  Which  is  Written  (reviews  by  the  editor) 155 

Azusa,  illustrated,  Chas.  Amadon  Moody 163 


Copyright  1901.    Entered  at  the  Los  Anoreles  Postoffice  as  second-class  matter. 

SEE  publisher's  PAOS. 


^^:SW^==^ 


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rose  bushes.  Our  photo-illustrated  catalogue,  "Roses  for  the 
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prefer. 

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■UHI"VKKi:i3:TY] 


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THK 


CAMINO    DKI.    PADKK,"     ACOMA,     N.     M. 
(See  Bfiiavides's  "  Memorial '").  Photo  bv  A.  C.  Vromaii. 


t".^^ 


Vol.  14.  NO.  2. 


LOS    ANGELES 


February,  i  901 


On  the  Trail  of  Death^ 

BY    SHARLOT    M.    HALL. 

We  rode  from  daybreak  ;  white  and  hot, 

The  sun  beat  like  a  hammer-stroke 
On  molten  iron  ;    the  blistered  dust 

Rose  up  in  clouds  to  sear  and  choke  ; 
But  on  we  rode,  g-ray-white  as  ghosts, 

Bepowdered  with  that  bitter  snow. 
The  sting-ing-  breath  of  alkali 

From  the  g^rim,  crusted  earth  below. 

Silent,  our  footsteps  scarcely  wrung- 

An  echo  from  the  sullen  trail  ; 
Silent,  parched  lip  and  stiffening'  tongue. 

We  watched  the  horses  fall  and  fail  : 
Jack's  first ;  he  caug-ht  my  stirrup  strap  ; 

God  help  me  !  but  I  shook  him  off'  ; 
Death  had  not  diced  for  two  that  day 

To  meet  him  in  that  devil's  troug-h. 

I  flung-  him  back  my  dry  canteen. 

An  ounce  at  most,  weig-hed  drop  by  drop 
With  life  :  he  clutched  it,  drank,  and  laughed 

Hard,  hideous,  appeal  to  stop 
The  strongest  heart ;  then  turned  and  ran 

With  outflung-  arms,  and  mad  eyes  set. 
Straight  on  where  'gainst  the  dun  sky's  rim 

Green  trees  stood  up,  and  cool  and  wet 

lyong-  silver  waves  broke  on  the  sand. 

The  cursed  mirage  !  that  lures  and  taunts 
The  thirst-scourged  lip  and  tortured  sight 

Ivike  some  lost  hope  that  mocking-  haunts 
A  dying-  soul.     I  tried  to  call, 

The  dry  words  rattled  in  my  throat  ; 
And  sun  and  sand  and  crouching-  sky — 

God  !  How  they  seemed  to  glare  and  gloat  1 


The  old  desert  trail  from  Sonera  to  California. 


Copyright  1901  by  Land  of  Sunshine  Pub    Co. 


9f  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

Reeling-,  I  caught  the  saddle-horn  ; 

On,  on  ;  but  now  it  seemed  to  be 
The  spring-house  path,  and  at  the  well 

My  mother  stood  and  beckoned  me  : 
The  bucket  glistened  ;  drip,  drip,  drip, 

I  heard  the  water  fall  and  plash  ; 
Then  keen  as  hell  the  burning  wind 

Awoke  me  with  its  fiery  lash. 

On,  on  ;  what  was  that  bleaching  thing- 

Across  the  trail  ?  I  dared  not  look  ; 
But  on — blind,  aimless,  till  the  sun 

Crept  g-rudging-  past  the  hills  and  took 
His  curse  from  off  the  gasping  land  ; 

The  blessed  dusk  I  my  gaunt  horse  raised 
His  head  and  neighed,  and  stagg-ered  on  ; 

And  I,  with  bleeding  lips,  half-crazed. 

Laughed  out  ;  for  just  above  us  there, 

Kock-caught,  against  a  blackened  ledge 
A  little  pool  ;  one  last  hard  climb ; 

Full  spent  we  fell  upon  its  edge, — 
One  still  forever  ;  weak  I  lay 

And  drank  ;  hot  hands  and  temples  laved  : 
Jack  gone,  alas  I  the  horses  dead  ; 

But  night  and  water  ;  I  was  saved  I 

l'rc«uitt,  Ariz. 


-  A  Wizard  of  the  Garden. 

BY  CHARLES    HOWARD    SHINN,     INSPECTOR    OF    EXPERIMENT   STATIONS,    U.    OF   C 


^/'IS  the  world's  empty  spaces  fill  and  its  un- 
'^'  '  known  areas  are  mapped  out,  there  rise 
explorers,  great  as  Columbus  and  Living- 
stone, who  lead  the  human  race  to  conti- 
nents not  bounded  b}'  oceans  nor  bent  to  the 
circle  of  the  zodiac.  What  if  one  of  these 
continents,  new  risen  against  the  horizon, 
were  named  by  us  "  intensive  horticul- 
ture," whose  g"ifts  when  rightly  understood  shall  in  due 
season  release  brain-tired  men  from  g"ray  city  pavements, 
sending-  each  one  to  his  own  well-watered,  fruit-g-iving", 
life-supplying  acre  ? 

Certain  it  is  that  at  no  time  since  authentic  history  be- 
gan has  the  scientific  culture  of  plants  occupied  so  impor- 
tant a  place  in  the  economy  of  civilized  nations.  In  a  pro- 
found sense  horticulture  is  the  great  conservative  force 
underlying  our  modern  life,  and  keeping  us  from  destruc- 
tion. Multitudes  of  complex,  mighty  and  indispensable 
industries  rest  upon  the  growth  of  plants  other  than  wheat, 
corn  and  clover.  Acres  of  glass  roofs,  miles  of  hot-water 
pipes,  countless  gardens  under  semi-tropic  suns,  carry  an 
ever-increasing  wealth  of  blossom  and  fruitage,  more  and 
more  feed  and  gladden  the  world,  and  expound  a  marvelous 


A     WIZARD    OF    THE    GARDEN. 


97 


LUTHEK     BURBANK, 

The  Great  Plant-Breeder. 


g-ospel  of  plant-evolution. 
Indeed  a  new  literature  is 
springing-  up,  fresh, 
brig-ht,  helpful,  more  fas- 
cinating* than  any  novel. 
Read,  if  3^ou  please, 
Bailey's  "The  Evolution 
of  our  Native  Fruits," 
his  "Plant  Breeding-,"  or 
his  "  Survival  of  the  Un- 
like," and  )^ou  beg-in  to 
understand  in  some  small 
measure  the  charm  and 
also  the  difficult}^  of  pro- 
ducing- new  triumphs  of 
horticulture. 

It  did  not  seem  difficult 
to  the  writers  of  a  few 
centuries  ag-o  with  their 
child-like  faith  in  every 
story      they      heard. 

Good  old  Gervase  Markham,  for  instance,  in  the  third 
book  of  his  " Countrey  Farme"  (London,  1616  edition),  de- 
scribes a  system  of  g-rafting-  the  olive  upon  the  g-rape  -an 
operation  which  unfortunately  cannot  be  done  in  these  de- 
g-enerate  da3^s.  He  proceeds  to  explain  that  the  "  vinie 
qualitie"  of  the  stock  of  the  said  grapevine  "flavors  the 
fruit  of  the  olive;"  then,  by  a  far-off  g-limpse  of  truth,  he 
adds  that  "the  variableness  of  nature  is  showed  thereby 
which  is  content  to  suffer  herself  to  be  draune  to  bring- 
forth  a  mung-rell  fruit  or  second  hermaphrodite  to  the 
coupling:  of  two  natures  in  one."  Man}^  a  classic  essav  has 
since  been  written  on  the  influence  of  stock  upon  g-raft  or 
bud,  thus  quaintly  foreshadowed  nearly  four  centuries  ag-o. 

In  these  days  of  g-reat  discoveries  some  most  sug-g-estive 
steps  are  being-  taken  toward  undreamed-of  developments 
of  useful  and  beautiful  plant-life.  Individual  plants  of 
every  species  var}-  as  much  as  individual  animals  do. 
Nature  is  continually  producing-  variations  among-  indi- 
vidual plants  all  over  the  world,  and  man  has  for  ag-es 
taken  frag-mentar^^  advantag-e  of  this  fact,  and  has  culti- 
vated what  seemed  to  the  fashion  of  his  time  the  most 
desirable  forms. 

"What  botanists  agree  in  calling  a  species  is  really  only  a 
scientific  judgment  respecting  a  given  tj^pe-form.  The 
classification  is  highly  useful — is  indeed  necessary,  but  it  is 
not  final,  complete  nor  absolute  as  the  S3^stematic  botanists 
used  to  believe.     The  modern  view  is  that  which  Bailey 


A     WIZARD    OF    THE    GARDEN. 


9'J 


expresses  when  he 
says,  "  All  so-called 
species  of  plants  are 
transitor}^  and  artifi- 
cial  groups  main- 
tained for  conven- 
ience in  the  stud}^  of 
nature."  No  two  liv- 
ing- things  are  alike. 
The  breeding  of 
plants,  as  the  breed- 
ing of  animals,  de- 
pends upon  this  vari- 
ation, which  the  ex- 
perimenter, by  every 
means  in  his  power 
directs,  controls,  aug- 
ments and  fixes  in 
new  forms.  Not  only 
individual  plants 
vary,  but  each  part  of 
each  plant  varies  from 
other  parts  —  no  two 
buds  or  branches  are 
alike,  and  manj^  new 
and  valuable  varieties 
have  originated  from 
a  sport  or  the  "acci- 
dental" variation  of  a 
bud  from  other  buds 
on  the  same  tree. 

The  person  who 
aims  to  produce  new 
forms  of  plant  life  is 
popularly  Called  a  hy- 
bridizer, and  it  is  com- 
mon to  term  nearl}^  all 
new  plants  "hybrids." 
But,  in  fact,  the  term 

"plant-breeder"  is  better  than  hybridizer.  Technically 
speaking,  a  hybrid  is  a  union  between  species  so-called,  that 
is,  between  individuals  which  are  onl}^  remotely  connected. 
Crossbreeds  are  unions  between  individual  plants  of  the 
same  species.  Hybrids  between  distinct  genera,  called 
'bi-geners,"  are  very  rare,  and  even  different  species  of  the 
genus  very  often  refuse  to  hybridize.  True  hybrids  are 
therefore  unusual,  but  they  often  show  vast  gains  in  con- 
stitutional vigor  and  in  size,  and  furnish  the  starting  points 


Improved    Scarlet    Clematis  '3  on  a  stem, 
instead  of  1,  and  all  larg-er  and  better  color. j 


0  n  ■• 

OK    'f  I 


/i     WIZARD    OF    THE    GARDEN.  101 

for  varietal  improvements.  The  g-reat  majority  of  our 
horticultural  advances  hitherto  have  been  made  b)^  means 
of  judicious  cross-breeding-,  b}-  painstaking-  selection  of 
individuals,  and  bv  fixation  of  the  new  varieties.  Much 
of  this  work  is  at  present  mereh^  empiric,  but  the  increas- 
ing- literature  devoted  to  plant-evolution  g-ives  us  reason  to 
hope  that  the  observations  and  results  of  such  men  as 
Kckford,  Lemoine  and  Benary  in  Europe,  Carman,  Munson 
and  Burbank  in  America,  will  be  coordinated  by  some 
master-mind  into  a  true  "philosophy  of  variation."  The  art 
itself  (plant-breeding)  has  come  from  the  observations  of 
Camerarius  in  1691,  Thomas  Pairchild's  first  plant  hybrid 
in  1717,  the  experiments  of  Linnseus  in  1759,  and  the 
work  of  Thomas  Knight,  Dean  Herbert  and  others  in  the 
early  part  of  the  nineteenth  century. 

A  g-reat  number  of  new  varieties  of  plants  are  yearly  of- 
fered to   the   public,    many    of    which   have   merit.     Few 


WAGER    PKACH,     CROSSED    WITH    I^ANGUEDOC    AI.MOND. 

g-rowers,  however,  produce  more  than  one  or  two  valuable 
varieties  in  a  lifetime  ;  but  we  occasionally  find  a  man 
peculiarh^  g-ifted  for  the  work  of  aiding-  nature  to  produce 
varied  forms,  from  which  he  selects  those  which  best  fit  his 
plans,  and  from  these  breeds  again  and  ag-ain  until  he 
shapes  desired  types  into  reasonable  permanence  of  form. 
Such  a  person,  now  everywhere  recog-nized  as  one  of  the 
g-reatest  of  living-  plant-breeders,  is  Luther  Burbank  of 
Santa  Rosa,  California,  a  man  whose  services  to  the  world 
can  hardly  be  estimated.  In  his  hand  a  single  cross-ferti- 
lized seed  ma}^  contain  the  "  power  and  potentiality"  of  a 
new  race  of  plants  destined  profoundl}^  to  affect  our  modern 
life,  and  many  outdoor  industries. 

Luther  Burbank  himself,  as  he  appears  to  a  strang-er's 
casual  g-lance,  is  a  small,  somewhat  stooping-,  diffident  and 
silent  man  ;  his  reserve  may  even  seem   awkwardness,  and 


102  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

his  diffidence  has  almost  the  air  of  dullness.  He  publishes 
seldom  and  composes  with  difficult}'.  He  sa3's  little  except 
when  with  tried  friends,  nor  then  often.  He  avoids  pub- 
licity as  much  as  possible,  and  slips  quietly  along-  through 
life,  finding-  all  his  happiness  in  the  care  of  his  aged 
mother,  now  eighty-nine,  and  in  his  life-work  of  creating- 
new  fruits  and  flowers. 

Thus  much  a  stranger  sees.  His  intimate  friends  see 
other  things— a  face  refined  and  spiritualized  by  his  occu- 
pation and  by  the  fires  of  suffering- ;  eyes  that  lighten  at 
every  look  of  friendship  and  every  honest  understanding-  of 
his  work,  or  twinkle  with  shy  humor  and  with  swift,  shrewd 
observations  of  his  fellow-men.  Little  by  little  they  find 
old-time  simplicity  married  to  a  gig-antic  capacity  for  taking- 
pains,  and  a  charm  of  manner  that  grows  on  one  like  the 
fragrance  of  a  field  of  sweet-brier  roses.  Such  a  man  is 
deeply  loved  by  those  who  know  him  best,  but  he  must  pro- 
tect his  vitality  by  living  "far  from  the  madding-  crowd" 
on  his  own  acre,  as  Burbank  does,  and  he  must  burn  his 
shy,  wild  genius  on  his  chosen  altar. 

It  does  burn  there  day  and  nigfht,  a  sweet,  fierce  flame 
such  as  one  could  not  dream  this  almost  painfully  retiring 
New  Englander  of  the  old,  old  pioneer  stock  could  possess. 
The  ancestors  of  him,  if  one  rightly  reads  the  natures  of 
son  and  mother  toda)',  were  mightily  deceiving  men  and 
women,  seemingly  soft  as  silk,  in  reality  durable  as  Toledo 
steel.  Millions  upon  millions  of  cross-bred  seedlings  this 
small,  nervous,  tired-looking  man  has  examined  with  keen 
eyes  and  capable  mind,  choosing,  destroying  ;  their  very 
god  incarnate.  He  has  no  foreman,  no  partner,  no  keeper 
of  his  records,  only  laborers  for  the  mere  manual  operations 
on  his  experiment  farms.  Everything  is  carried  in  his  own 
brain,  and  day  by  day  he  is  leading  upward  to  the  light 
not  onl}'  one  but  man}^  new  plant-combinations. 

Luther  Burbank's  birthplace  was  in  the  little  town  of 
Lancaster,  not  far  from  Worcester,  Massachusetts,  and  the 
date  was  March  7th,  1849.  His  opportunities  for  book-edu- 
cation were  limited,  but  while  still  a  boy  he  tried  his  'pren- 
tice hand  upon  improving  the  ''prosaic  potato  in  his 
mother's  garden,"  and  lo  !  the  Burbank  variety  came  into 
existence,  still  the  leading  kind  grown  in  many  countries, 
and  particularly  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

John  Gerarde,  the  sixteenth  century  herbalist,  thought 
so  much  of  the  then  newly-introduced  potato  that  he  had 
his  picture  drawn  holding  a  potato  flower;  and  Burbank 
might  do  worse  than  to  put  a  potato  blossom  on  his  book- 
plate. A  great  seed  firm  bought  the  boy's  new  potato  for  a 
very  few  dollars  and  made  large  profits  for  years.     What  a 


-^•■^ 


!|.^    -  fli^ 


Part  of  a  Row  of  Hybrid  Blackberry-Raspberries.— This  plant  is  practically  barren,  but 
is  the  parent  of  many  curious  forms.  The  seed,  which  is  produced  only  by  applying-  pollen 
to  the  stig-mas  (it  has  no  stamens  produces  both  raspberries  and  blackberries,  and  everj' 
g-rade  between;  some  of  marvelous  vigor,  some  of  little  vitality.     See  pp.  107,  109. 


B  ri  A 


A     WIZARD    OF    THE    GARDEN. 


105 


ONK    OF    BURBANK'S    GIANT    CAIJ^AS. 


picture  for  someone  to  paint — that  tow-headed  boy  of  a  dull 
New  Eng-land  villag-e,  away  back  in  the  closing-  years  of 
the  war,  pollenating-  potato  blossoms  in  his  mother's  veg-e- 
table  g-arden!  No  one  had  put  him  on  the  track  of  that 
kind  of  work.  He  just  "  tried,  to  see  what  would  happen." 
But  the  boy  had  to  make  his  livang-,  and  so  he  found  work 
with  the  Ames  Plow  Company,  where,  after  a  little,  he  in- 
vented a  machine  for  making"  patterns,  and  one  that  is  still 
in  use.  It  did  not  seem  to  him  of  much  importance,  but 
the  Company  wanted  it,  and  said  that  as  long-  as  he  con- 
tinued to  work  for  them  he  should  have  at  least  ten  dollars 
a  day! 


106  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

Nine  hundred  and  ninety-nine  youngf  men  out  of  a  thou- 
sand would  have  stopped  right  there,  and  drawn  their 
extra  pay  for  the  rest  of  their  lives  ;  but  Burbank  saved 
what  he  could  until  he  boug-ht  a  twent3^-acre  farm  in  Lu- 
nenburg", Massachusetts,  and  returned  to  "potato-growing-, 
and  other  experiments."  He  never  seems  to  have  cared  for 
large  pieces  of  land,  having  found  out  thus  early  the  value 
of  the  "  little  farm  well  tilled." 

In  1874,  as  I  hear,  he  took  prizes  at  the  Lunenburg  Fair 
— one  for  43  varieties  of  potatoes,  some  of  them  his  own 
seedlings  which  "sold  for  a  dollar  an  eye."  Here  again 
was  another  average  man's  temptation  to  settle  down  to 
more  farming  and  the  endless  struggle  to  produce  worth)^ 
successors  of  the  Burbank  potato.  In  that  case,  horticul- 
tural history  might  have  given  him  a  mere  lower-case  line 
among  the  man)'  bean,  corn,  cabbage,  cucumber,  potato  and 
watermelon  growers  of  America. 

It  seems,  curiously  enough,  that  there  was  a  plan  about 
this  time  to  make  a  physician  out  of  this  slender,  shy  young 
man,  and  he  had  studied  medicine  to  some  extent.  Cer- 
tainly had  he  gone  heart  and  soul  into  such  work  he  had 
the  making  of  a  most  sensitive,  capable,  country  doctor  of 
the  kind  which  lives  in  New  England  literature,  but,  in  his 
own  words,  "circumstances  changed  the  current,"  and  in 
1877  he  came  to  California,  bought  land  near  Santa  Rosa, 
in  a  most  fertile  and  beautiful  region,  and  became  a  com- 
mercial nurseryman. 

Here  Burbank  grew  fruit  trees  by  the  hundred  thousand 
— all  the  approved  old  varieties — and  sold  them  in  carload 
lots  in  the  years  when  everybody  planted  orchards,  and 
when  no  one  could  get  enough  of  certain  kinds.  He  was 
lucky — or  shrewd — for  he  made  some  of  the  "ten-strikes" 
of  that  speculative  period  by  having  for  sale  the  varieties 
of  fruit  most  in  demand. 

Meanwhile  he  had  been  pursuing  studies  in  botany  and 
plant-physiology,  and  made  innumerable  experiments  in 
crossing  varieties  and  hybridizing  species.  Still,  all  this 
was  but  his  diversion,  and  once  again  the  average  man's 
duty  lay  plain  before  him-  to  build  up  the  leading  commer- 
cial nursery  on  the  Pacific  Coast.  He  had  the  ability  and 
the  means  for  this.  Such  a  step  seemed  so  inevitable  that 
the  announcement  in  1888  or  188<^  that  Mr.  Burbank  "had 
sold  out  his  nursery "  which  "paid  him  ten  thousand  a 
year  "  net  profits,  and  was  going  to  devote  his  entire  time 
to  producing  new  things,  was  something  of  a  shock  even  to 
his  friends,  who  now  saw  him  fairly  on  the  way  to  the 
poor-house  or  the  asylum.  For  who  on  earth  ever  bought 
California  seeds,  bulbs  or  new  fruits  or  flowers?     England, 


A     WIZARD    OF    THE    GARDEN. 


107 


BI^ACKBERRY-RASPBSRRY    HYBRIDS. 
Variations  in  leaf  of  one  lot  of   seedling-s. 


Holland,  Belg-ium,  Prance,  Germany  furnished  these  thing's 
to  the  trade — and  would  forever  continue  to  furnish  them. 
But  in  reality  there  was  a  question  of  health  involved  ;  the 
commercial  nurser}^  with  its  overwhelming-  3-ear-long  labors, 
had  broken  down  his  health,  and  here  was  a  worn-out,  frail 
man,  taking  up  an  untried,  nay,  a  seeming-ly  hopeless,  task. 


108 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


Thus  driven  by  fates  and  fortunes  around  a  great  circle, 
behold  this  g-enius  back  in  what  b)^  poetic  license  we  may 
term  his  ancient  potato-garden,  a  boy  in  heart,  a  man  in 
mind,  again  putting  his  whole  time  into  the  effort  to  direct 
nature's  processes.  But  this  particular  "  potato  garden  "  is 
in  California,  and  consists  of  one  small  piece  of  land  in 
Santa  Rosa,  his  home,  and  other  small  pieces  in  Sebastopol, 
in  the  hills  on  the  western  rim  of  the  valley,  eleven  miles 
away.  And  soon  instead  of  potatoes  we  have  what  no  other 
garden  in  the  world  can  show.  In  fact,  a  man  who  has 
walked  with   Burbank  through    his  plantation    these   ten 


'» 

IsSf^f-'^kJ'^^^  *■ 

.^.^ 

'^^---s.^^iissf 

Hl^ 

^^^^^ 

FIKIyD    OF    PKKENNIAI^    SWKKT     PEAS. 


years  and  more  (since  in  reality  his  preparation  for  this 
work  has  spread  over  the  whole  period  since  he  came  to 
California),  can  only  describe  the  sum  total  of  results  by 
saying  that  here  is  such  a  revelation  of  horticultural  possi- 
bilities as  never  before  was  put  into  plain,  visible,  out-door 
fact. 

[To  bb:  conci^udkd.] 


BIvACKBERRY-RASPBKRKY    HYBRIDS. 
Variations  in  stem  in  one  lot  of  seedling-s.     See  pp.  103,  lO'J 


Ill 


Relics  of  Old  California 

NK  of  the  most  picturesque  and  charming-  fig-- 
ures  of  the  old  reg^ime  in  California,  and 
justl}^  one  of  the  most  honored  in  his  da}'  and 
ours,  was  the  late  Don  Antonio  P.  Coronel. 
Up  to  his  death,  about  a  decade  ag-o,  he  was 
probably  the  most  widel}^  known  and  loved  of 
all  the  old-school  cavaliers  of  California.  A 
man  of  courtl}'  presence,  ripe  experience,  hig-h 
integ-rit}-,  and  g-reat  personal  fascination,  it 
was  a  privileg-e  to  know  him,  an  honor  to  call 
him  friend.  There  are  man)^  who  remember  tenderly  the 
long"-g-one  days  when  this  quenchless  patriarch,  white- 
headed  but  clear-eyed  and  supple,  was  the  life  of  whatso- 
ever circle;  and  when  to  see  Don  Antonio  dance,  with  some 
biiena  moza,  the  "cuna"  or  the  "jarabe,"  or  to  listen  to  his 


DON    ANTONIO    AND     DONA     MARIANA. 


112 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


stories,  was  worth  going  a  hundred  miles, 
was  never  a  dearer  type  of  the  true  caballero. 

His  biograph}'  would  be 
very  much  a  histor}^  of  Los 
Angeles  for  fifty  years.  His 
parents  came  from  Mexico 
early  in  the  last  century;  his 
grandfather,  Don  Agustin 
Franco  Coronel,  was  a  sup- 
erior judge  in  the  City  of 
Mexico ;  his  father,  Don 
Joselgnacio,  a  distinguished 
Mexican  soldier,  and  later  a 
teacher  in  this  cit)^  Don 
Antonio  himself  held  many 
offices  in  the  old  days. 
Among  other,  he  was  Vis- 
itador  del  Sud  in  1843  ; 
and  in  1853  Mayor  of  Los 
Angeles. 

A  few  months  ago  his 
widow.  Dona  Mariana,  pres- 
ented to  the  Chamber  of 
Commerce  of  Los  Angeles 
what  has  for  years  been 
well  known  as  "the  Cor- 
onel Collection,"  and  these 
articles    are    now   in    prep- 


Surely  there 


Ckukt  uski)  hy  Fkay  Ji'Mi'KKo  Skkka.     Pikce  ok  Floor  Tilk  kkom  above 

HIS   (iKAVK   IN    KKONT   OK   THK   CaKMEL   MISSION    AlTAR.       PhoTO  OF    1  HE. 

Original  Mexican  Portrait  ok  him. 


RELICS    OF    OLD    CALIFORNIA. 


113 


DON    ANTONIO    F.     CORONEI^. 
(The  Cannon  "El  Nino,"  1769,  the  first  "artillery"  broug-ht  to  California). 

aration  for  public  display  in  the  Chamber.  It  is  a 
somewhat  motley  collection,  including-  "  Toltec "  relics 
from  Mexico,  many  California  Mission  Indian  arti- 
fects,  and  a  largfe  quantity  of  articles  related  to  Don 
Antonio  himself  and  to  the  old  reg-ime  in  California. 
All  are  worth  while  ;  but  the  Spanish-California  part  of 
the  collection  enormously  overbalances  all  the  rest  in  his- 
toric and  scientific  interest,  and  is  lit^ally  priceless.  It  is 
probably  the  most  important  collection  bearing-  on  Califor- 
nia in  the  days  "Before  the  Gring-o  came"  (and  in  those 
before  his  coming-  had  made  too  much  difference)  that  is 


^°''iht'lI«u««.'f!.,"K''  OlV"".)/  .    1'h^  crucifix  was  his  mother's,  and  he  died  with  it  in  his  hands; 
the  i)enitential  bracelet,  cilicio,  was  on  the  arm  of  Father  Zalvidea  when  he  died). 


RELICS    OF    OLD    CALIFORNIA. 


115 


DON    ANTONIO'S    JEWEI^KD    SOMBRERO. 

anywhere  extant.  The  Chamber  has  now  the  nucleus  for 
a  magnificent  California  museum.  Some  six  years  ago  it 
purchased  the  Palmer  archaeological  collection  of  Southern 
California  aboriginal  artifects  ;  a  collection  beyond  serious 
doubt  the  most  perfect  that  has  ever  been  assembled  for 
the  archaeology  of  any  locality  whatever  ;  and  now  comes 
by  generous  gift  the  most  significant  and  illuminative  col- 


OI,D    SPANISH    COMBS,    HEIRI.OOMS    IN    THE    COKONEI.    FAMII^Y. 


116 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


lection  for  the  early 
European  occupation 
of  any  State  in  the 
Union. 

The^  is  not  pres- 
nt  .^ace  to  catal- 
og-ue  the  items  of  this 
most  interesting-  as- 
semblage of  historic 
me  men  toes  ;  but 
brief  reference,  and 
some  photog"raphic 
hint  of  the  scope 
and  interest  of  the 
collection  maj^  be 
g"iven. 

The  "San  Diego 
cannon,"  the  first 
piece  of  artiller}^  in 
California,  was 
broug-ht  up  by  land 
from  Mexico  in.  1769, 
in  the  expedition 
which  accompanied 
that  g-reat  apostle, 
Junipero  Serra,  to 
the  first  founding-  of 
the  California  Mis- 
sions. The  powder-can  came  by  sea,  in  the  auxiliary  ex- 
pedition, On  the  boat  "  San  Antonio."  There  is  a  larg-e 
number  of  articles  made  in  iron  b}^  the  Indian  blacksmiths 
at  the  Mission  San  Fernando,  which  was  in  Mission  days 
famed  for  its  iron-work  as  Santa  Inez  for  saddlery  and  San 
Gabriel  for  wine.  Here  are  plow-points,  anvils,  bells,  hoes, 
chains,  locks  and  keys,  spurs,  hing-es,  scissors,  and  many 
other  articles  made  by  Mission  workmen  and  used  b}'  the 
Mission  communities  early  in  the  past  century  ;  vessels  of 
hammered  copper  of  the  same  epoch ;  the  rawhide  sur- 
veyor's chain  with  which  the  Mission  San  Gabriel  was 
surveyed,  and  the  Mission  cattle-brand  ;  g^old  scales  used 
for  dust  and  nuggets  which  were  being  "  placered  "  in  Los 
Angeles  county  more  than  a  decade  before  Marshall's  "dis- 
covery" of  California  gold  on  Sutter  Creek  ;  carvings  and 
etchings  in  wood  and  ox-horn  by  these  same  Indian  pupils 
of  the  wonderful  Franciscan  "manual  training  "  schools  ; 
and  hundreds  of  other  objects  of  that  romantic  epoch  now 
so  irrevocably  past.  Here  are  lamps,  candlesticks  and 
books  of  Padre  Fray  Jose  Maria  de  Zalvidea,  the  Francis- 


DoN  Antonio's  Saddle.—  Silver  Mounted  by  a 
Mission  Indian  at  Santa  Inez. 


METATE    BROUGHT    FROM     MEXICO    TO    I^OS    ANGELES    BY 
DON    ANTONIO'S    MOTHER. 


CANDI^ESTICK    AND    BOOK    OF    PADRE    JOSE    MARIA    DE    ZAI.VIDEA. 


118 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


OIvD   IRONWORK,    MOSTLY    DONE    AT   MISSION    SAN    FERNANDO. 


can  apostle  of  San  Gabriel,  planter  of  the  great  hedge  of 
"nopales"  (prickly  pears)  at  that  Mission,  and  builder  of 
the  famous  "  El  Molino  ;  "  the  cruet  used  by  Fray  Junipero 
at  Carmel  Mission,  and  other  relics  of  that  saintly  pioneer. 
No  less  interesting — and  in  a  sense,  even  more  valuable 
historically,  because  more  precisely  identified — are  the 
man}'  personal  belongings  of  Don  Antonio  himself;  grateful 
relics  of  a  historic  personage,  and  priceless  as  genre  of  the 
class  of  which  he  was  so  high  a  representative.  His  silver- 
mounted  saddle,  by  an  Indian  of  the  Mission  Santa  Inez  ;  his 
jeweled  sombrero  ;  his  riding  trousers  with  silver  bell- 
buttons,  made  by  his  own  hand,  three-quarters  of  a  century 
ago,  when  he  learned  and  practiced  silver-smithing  at  the 
Mission  San  Antonio  de  Padua;  his  mother's  metate  (the 
scriptural  handmill  still  in  use  in  Spanish  America) — all 
these  are  here,  and  a  great  deal  more,  of  which  even  the 
briefest  mention  must  be  reserved  for  another  time. 


119 


'   Residence  of  Arizona's  First 
Governor. 

WN  1864,  soon  after  the  selection  of  the  site  for  Pres- 
I  cott,  Arizona,  Governor  Goodwin  and  Secretary  Mc- 
Cormack  chose,  for  a  homestead,  a  piece  of  land  across 
Granite  Creek,  in  what  is  now  known  as  West  Prescott. 
This  they  named  "Pinal  Ranch,"  owing-  to  its  being-  cov- 
ered with  a  growth  of  pine.  Here  they  built  a  gubernato- 
rial mansion,  which  in  later  years  has  been  a  historic  land- 


AKIZONA'S    FIRST    GUBKKNATORIAIy    MANSION,     1864. 


mark  of  Prescott,  and  is  known  as  the  "Old  Governor's 
Mansion"  and  "The  Pleury  House."  The  house  is  fifty 
by  forty  feet,  is  built  of  large  hewn  logs,  originally  had  six 
rooms,  besides  kitchen,  upon  the  first  floor,  and  a  large 
sleeping-room  up  stairs.  It  was  several  months  in  building, 
owing  to  dif&culty  in  procuring  nails  and  the  necessary 
hardware,  and  cost  quite  a  fortune — nails  being  SlOO  a  keg, 
and  lumber  and  carpenter's  work  expensive.  It  cost  $1100 
to  sheath  the  interior  of  one  room. 

H.  W.  Fleury,  of  New  York,  came  out  with  the  guberna- 
torial party  as  private  secretary  of  Gov.  Goodwin,  and  re- 
sided in  the  "mansion"  with  the  Governor  and  Secretary 


120  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

McCormack.  In  1864  Mr.  Fleury  was  appointed  Notary 
Public  by  Gov.  Goodwin,  and  in  the  early  seventies  he  was 
Probate  Judge,  and  for  over  thirty  years  served  as  Justice 
of  the  Peace  of  Prescott  precinct,  so  of  course  ever}"  one 
knew  him  as  Judge  Fleur3^  When  the  Government  survey  of 
Prescott  and  vicinit}^  was  completed.  Judge  Fleury  entered, 
as  a  homestead,  160  acres  of  land  upon  which  the  "Gover- 
nor's Mansion"  stood,  and  "proved  up"  on  said  land.  On 
account  of  his  financial  embarrassment,  the  property  finally 
passed  into  the  hands  of  Judge  C.  G.  W.  French.  At  the 
time  of  the  Judge's  death,  upon  probating  of  his  will,  it  was 
found  that  the  block  upon  which  the  "  Governor's  Mansion  " 
stands  was  deeded  to  the  Congregational  Church  of  Pres- 
cott, subject  to  the  occupancy  of  Judge  Fleury  during  his 
life.  Judge  Fleury  died  September  2,  1895,  and  the  "man- 
sion "  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  church.  Later  the  trus- 
tees of  the  church  disposed  of  the  property.  The  present 
owner  has  recentlv  modernized  the  "Old  Governor's  Man- 
sion" by  placing  'rustic"  on  the  outside,  completel)"  hid- 
ing the  familiar  logs  with  their  plastered  crevices. 

A.  B.  M. 

Majer,  Ariz. 


Violets  and  Acacia. 


ly    B.    C.    TOMPKINS. 


Acres  and  seas  of  purple  till  the  color  is  in  the  air  ; 
Billows  of  swaying  violets  that  willing  incense  bear 
From  the  shore  to  the  solemn  mountains — born  of  the  sun 

and  dew — 
A  gate  of  heaven  left  open  and  perfume  wafted  through. 

Gold  on  the  crest  of  the  ranges,  gold  in  the  canons  deep. 

Gold  in  the  city  gardens,  gold  on  the  wooded  steep. 

With  the  fern-like  leaves  behind  it — oh,  sight  so  fair  to 

see — 
The  flossy  plumes  outshaken  from  the  green  acacia  tree  ! 

And  so  this  balmy  weather  the  streets  of  the  fine  old  town 
That  glow  from  tide  to  turret  when  the  sun  is  going  down, 
Are   sweet   from   the   vendors'   baskets   and    the   heaping 

market  stall  ; 
From  the  castle  on  the  hill-top  and  the  shack  by  the  old 

sea  wall. 

And  I  fancy  the  sailors  know  it  where  their  ships  at  anchor 

lie 
By  the  fragrance  wafted  to  them  when  a  breeze  from  land 

goes  by. 


AT    INDIAN     WELL. 


121 


And  care  is  all  forgotten  and  the  world  is  all  in  tune, 
Where  the  hills  wear  plush  in  winter   and  the  sky   is 
sky  of  June  ! 


the 


"  This  way  you  stray  Castilian,  1  want  a  lot  toda)^ 
To  g-ive  me  pleasant  visions  and  pleasant  words  to  say 
For  I  love  them — oh,  I  love  them — the  mountains  and 

sea — 
The  purple  violets  and  the  gold  of  the  acacia  tree  !" 

San  Francisco,  Cal. 


the 


At  Indian  Well. 


BY   FRANCES   ANTHONY. 


Y  three  p.  m.,  January  1,  we  had  camped  at 
Indian  Well,  on  the  west  side  of  the  des- 
ert of  the  Colorado,  twelve  miles  south- 
east from  Palm  Springs  b}"  the  Los  An- 
geles-Yuma stage  road.  The  place  is  on 
ver}^  few  maps  and  not  on  the  railroad  at 
all,  but  is  nevertheless  very  interesting  and 
has  more  unwritten  history  than  many  a 
town  of  several  thousand  people.  Yet 
there  is  neither  habitation  nor  inhabitant 
there  now. 

It  is  an  old  Indian  camp-site,  with  onl}^ 
some  characteristic  relics  left  to  tell  a  little  of  their  life. 
The  location  was  adapted  to  their  simple  wants.  A  little 
beyond  the  well,  a  spur  from  the  mountains  at  the  west  juts 
out  into  the  desert,  forming  a  riiicon.  Since  the  spur  has  a 
foundation  of  rock,  it  also  serves  to  force  the  underground 


THK    WEIyl.    ON    THE    DBSERT. 


122 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


AN    INDIAN     FUNERAI,    IN    THE    DESERT. 

flow  of  the  Whitewater  River  near  to  the  surface.  For  this 
reason  it  was  not  difficult  for  the  aborigines  to  get  water. 

The  mesquite  trees  (Prosop is  /u////ora)  growing  on  every 
sand-dune  furnished  them  with  a  share  of  their  food.  The 
tree  bears  a  long,  slim  pod,  which  the  Indians  ground  into 
meal  and  made  that  into  mush  and  tortillas.  The  desert 
Indians  of  other  localities  still  use  the  same  food,  and  also 
in  the  same  waj^  the  screw-bean  mesquite  {Prosopis  odo- 
ratci).  These  trees  also  furnished  them  with  Ifirewood,  the 
ver}'  best,  when  dry. 

At  the  time  of  the  Government  survey  in  1854,  Lieuten- 
ant Williamson  found  Indians  living  here,  and  in  his  re- 
port mentions  their  well — a  bowl-shaped  hole  twenty  feet 
across  and  as  deep,  in  sand  and  cla} — dug  by  hand  and  the 
earth  carried  out  as  they  afterward  carried  out  the  water. 
Now  no  trace  of  the  well  is  left,  but  instead  there  is  a  mod- 
ern well  with  covered  curb,  two  pointed  buckets,  a  rope  and 
a  well-wheel  for  the  convenience  of  travelers,  and  it,  too,  is 
known  as  Indian  Well.  On  every  side  are  sand-dunes  vary- 
ing in  height  from  live  to  twenty  feet,  while  the  general 
level  is  very  little  above  that  of  the  sea. 

Two  miles  before  coming  to  the  well  we  saw  the  first 
pieces  of  broken  pottery,  the  red  showing  distinctly  against 


INDIAN    COKKAL    OF    MEZS^UITK- 


AT    INDIAN     WELL. 


123 


the  gray  of  the  sand.  As  we  went  farther  they  grew 
thicker,  till  the  tint  of  the  dunes  was  red,  and  we  had  not 
passed  acres,  but  tens  of  acres.  How  or  why  it  was  scat- 
tered over  so  great  an  area  we  could  not  decide  ;  nor  how  it 
came  to  be  broken  into  pieces  varying-  from  a  quarter  inch 
to  two  inches  across.  There  was  no  evidence  of  a  pottery 
kiln  until  a  quarter  of  a  mile  beyond  the  spur  on  the  right- 
hand  road  leading  to  Torres. 

Having-  been  told  by  Dr.  Murray  that  some  of  the  Coa- 
huia  Indians   had  lived  here  some  5^ears  ago,  we  hoped  to 


AN    INDIAN    WEI.Iv    ON    THE    DESKRT. 
(Has  grade  so  cattle  can  water). 


find  some  traces,  but  we  had  not  expected  to  find  pottery — 
even  frag-ments — in  any  such  quantities  ;  and  having  heard 
that  scientific  relic  hunters  had  been  over  the  country,  we 
were  delig-hted  and  amazed  with  what  we  found. 

After  camp  was  made  for  the  night,  there  was  too  little 
daylig-ht  left  to  look  much,  but  we  did  find  two  or  three 
metates,  half  a  dozen  mullers,  and  a  fine  obsidian  drill. 

The  next  forenoon's  research  brought  us  more  metates 
and  mullers  which  we  sent  home  by  freight  from  Indio  ; 
and  the  articles  we  carried  with  us  as  too  valuable  to  be 
trusted  to  freig-ht  were  fourteen  perfect  arrowheads,  thirty- 
one  parts  of  arrowheads,  two  drills,  one  scraper,  two  black 
sand-stone  shaft-rubbers,  one  pipe,  one  bead,  a  pottery  orna- 


AT    INDIAN    WELL.  125 

ment,  and  a  lot  of  rejects  and  flakes  from  an  arrowhead 
workshop. 

The  arrowheads  are  of  several  kinds  of  rock — quartz, 
milky  quartz,  quartz  crystal,  quartzite,  jasper,  chalcedony, 
moss  ag-ate  and  obsidian.  The  work  is  that  of  an  expert ; 
fine  of  form  and  delicate  in  finish. 

It  is  popularly  supposed  that  the  Californian  Indians  lack 
intellig-ence  and  skill  as  compared  with  others.  It  is  an 
error.  Their  workmanship  in  stone  implements  indicates 
as  fine  an  eye,  as  true  a  stroke,  and  as  delicate  an  ideal  as 
is  to  be  found.  Were  a  fair  comparison  made,  the  Western 
aborig-inal  workmanship  would  be  found  equal  to  the  East- 
ern* *  Even  the  California  collection  in  the  Field  Columbian 
Museum  is  small,  incomplete  and  below  the  standard,  and 
contains  no  such  specimens  as  we  found  at  Indian  Well. 

The  points  were  scattered  here  and  there  about  the  camps 
on  the  dunes.  Some  of  them  were  found  in  slight  depres- 
sions at  the  sides  of  the  dunes,  among-  charcoal  and  burned 
human  bones.  We  did  not  dig;  everything  lay  exposed  on 
top  of  the  sand.  The  first  impression  was  that  they  had 
lately  been  uncovered  by  wind  or  rain.  It  was  evidently 
not  by  wind,  for  if  the  sand  moved  so  easily  the  ancient 
trail  would  have  been  filled  long-  ago.  Instead,  it  is  distinct 
wherever  not  obliterated  by  the  wag-on  road,  fourteen 
inches  wide  and  four  inches  deep  in  the  sand.  How  many 
ages  it  has  been  used,  there  is  nothing-  to  tell ;  but  that  it 
has  been  very  long  is  evident  from  the  fact  that  where  it 
g-oes  over  a  dip  in  the  spur  it  is  worn  fourteen  inches  deep 
in  the  granite  rock,  and  this  by  feet  either  bare  or  wearing- 
moccasins. 

Camping-  on  the  desert  that  New  Year's' nig-ht  was  an  ex- 
perience with  the  cold.  After  dark  the  wind  rose  and  came 
down  off  the  mountain  with  a  cutting^  edge.  Heated  mul- 
lers  at  our  feet  helped  somewhat,  but  we  simply  could  not 
keep  comfortable,  and  we  were  very  conscious  that  we  had 
never  slept  out  doors  or  in  a  tent  so  cold  a  night.  The 
mercury  at  19°  at  sunrise  proved  it  true.  During  all  our 
years  in  Southern  California  we  had  never  seen  it  colder 
than  26°  before.  Everything  freezable  was  frozen.  It  fell 
to  the  lot  of  the  man  to  cook  breakfast  while  we  all  sat  in 
the  tent  door  with  feet  near  the  fire,  eating  each  thing  as 
soon  as  cooked  and  warming-  one  hand  while  eating-  from 
the  other. 

As  though  it  had  all  been  a  joke,  the  mercury  reached 
90°  in  the  camp  wag-on  at  noon. 


*  As  a  matter  of  fact,  superior.— Ed. 


126 


Marjorie  Daw. 

@rtHE  original  ''  Marjorie  Daw"  of  Aldrich's  charming: 
^\  story  was  only  a  beautiful  dream  g-irl,  but  our  Mar- 
jorie  Daw  is  a  living-  reality,  a  dream  come  true  ; 
not  a  happy  accident  made  welcome,  but  a  creation,  de- 
manded, planned  for,  and  developed.  Her  mother  is  a  well 
known  beauty  ;  a  brilliant  brunette,  almost  everywhere 
loved  and  prized.  Her  father  is  a  born  aristocrat ;  exclu- 
sive, yet  immensely  admired  by  those  who  have  the  honor 
of  his  acquaintance ;  a  handsome  blonde,  cultured  and  re- 
fined, but  lacking-  energy.  The  match  proved  a  very 
happy  one,  and  when  Marjorie  Daw  came  there  was  great 
rejoicing. 

She  grew  at  first  with  little  promise  of  the  glorious 
beauty  she  developed  as  she  reached  mature  years.  She 
was  surrounded  always  by  charming  associations,  and  no 
pains  were  spared  in  her  education.  Private  instructors 
were  chosen  with  special  reference  to  her  individual  de- 
velopment ;  for  it  was  foreseen  that  some  day  she  would 
become  a  celebrity.  Ambitious,  generous,  exquisitely 
graceful,  she  has  been  a  born  leader.  To  see  her  was  to 
admire  and  love  her.  She  is  tall  and  stately  like  her 
mother,  but  far  more  beautiful ;  a  pure  blonde  type  with 
exquisite  coloring  and  flower-like  eyes.  She  dresses  always 
in  shades  of  green,  with  combinations  of  pink,  white  and 
light  red.  She  is  a  dream  of  beauty  ;  a  belle  wherever  she 
goes.  She  has  already  visited  many  parts  of  California 
and  the  East,  has  journeyed  to  England,  New  Zealand, 
Australia  and  the  Sandwich  Islands,  and  is  destined  to 
travel  through  all  the  world. 

Who  is  this  beautiful  creature  and  where  is  her  home  ? 
Why  do  we  not  hear  of  her  in  the  society  columns  ? 

Well,  **Margorie  Daw"  is  a  new  flower,  the  queen  of  all 
begonias,  a  creation  of  that  enthusiastic  flower-cultivator 
and  inventor,  Mrs.  Shepherd,  at  Ventura-by-the-Sea.  She 
is  the  begonia  in  the  background  of  the  accompanying  il- 
lustration; 15  feet  high  and  15  feet  wide,  and  carried  at  the 
time  of  the  photograph  150  clusters  of  buds  and  blossoms. 
Age,  5  years  from  the  infinitesimal  seed. 


127 

CoNSUELo's  Hour. 


BY  AMANDA  MATHBWS. 


MEXICAN  theater  is  an  excellent  place  to 
study  sociolog-y.  Around  the  central  audito- 
rium, only  interrupted  by  the  stage  and  the 
entrance,  rise  five  tiers  of  boxes,  and  the  audience 
arrang-e  themselves  according"  to  the  social  scale, 
which  descends  as  the  distance  from  the  floor  in- 
creases. The  floor  and  first  row  of  boxes  are 
occupied  by  the  elite  of  the  capital,  the  highest 
row  is  filled  with  working  people,  the  women 
wearing  black  shawls,  the  men  looking  re- 
markably like  Cox's  brownies  in  their  very 
tight  pantaloons,  very  short  coats  and  im- 
mense sombreros.  Up  there,  where  the  stage 
appears  as  if  viewed  from  a  captive  balloon, 
may  even  be  seen  occasionally  a  bare-footed  Indian  or  a 
servant  girl  in  blue  cotton  rebozo.  •  The  transition  from 
tier  to  tier  is  not  marked,  and  3^et  skip  a  tier  and  you  have 
crossed  a  social  abyss. 

The  curtain  was  half  an  hour  late,  and  yet  the  audience 
showed  no  sign  of  impatience  ;  they  are  a  people  to  whom 
time  is  no  fever. 

Behind  the  scenes  the  manager  strode  up  and  down  amid 
a  confusion  of  stage  properties,  and  gave  utterance  to  a 
variety  of  Spanish  oaths  as  he  crushed  a  pink  perfumed 
note  in  his  hand. 

"  Very  sorry,  but  the  lobster  at  supper  made  her  violently 
ill  I     Carj'amba!     What  did  she  want  to  eat  lobster  for?" 
"  Please,  Senor,  I  know  every  word  of  her  part." 
*'You!"  yelled  the  manager.      "You,  Carramba P'* 
The  woman  hung  her  head  and  clutched  her  short  gauzy 
petticoat  with  both  hands  to  hide  their  trembling.     She 
had  broad,  flat  features  ;   little,  beady,  black  eyes,  and  a 
figure  so  ungainly  as  to  amount  almost  to  deformity. 

"Why,  I've  had  people  ask  me  if  there  were  not  enough 
pretty  girls  in  Mexico  that  I  had  to  have  you  in  the 
chorus  ?" 

"  I  know  I  am  hideous,  Seiior^  and  it  is  very  strange  that 
the  saints  let  me  be  made  so  and  yet  gave  me  this  wild  de- 
sire to  be  always  here.  When  I  was  a  little  girl,  my  mother 
and  I  went  without  breakfast  and  many  times  without 
supper  that  we  might  go  to  the  theater  every  Sunday  ;  and 
when  I  was  older  and  could  sew  also,  and  we  were  called 
here  one  day  to  repair  the  costumes,  it  was  like  being 
called  to  Heaven.     And  when  you  said  I  might  try  to  take 


128  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

Maria's  place  on  the  chorus  because  she  was  so  lazy  and 
always  late,  I  thought  I  should  die  of  very  joy." 

*'And  are  you  happy  now,  Consuelo  ?"  he  inquired 
curiously. 

*'  Oh,  Seizor,  I  never  know  which  is  g^reater,  the  joy  or 
the  pain,  for  my  soul  long-s  to  speak  to  the  people  of  love 
and  hate,  of  fear  and  anger,  of  jealousy  and  remorse,  but 
because  of  my  poor  body,  they  would  not  understand,  and 
that  is  torture.  But  not  to  be  here — that  would  be  the 
worst  torture  of  all.  And  tonight,  just  to  say  the  words  of 
the  gracious  Lola,  who  is  sick,  and  for  one  little  hour  to 
imagine  to  myself  that  I  am  as  other  women, — oh,  Senor, 
that  would  have  to  content  me  all  my  life." 

*' Well,  if  you  want  to  make  a  fool  of  yourself,  I'll  let 
you  try  before  I  give  them  back  their  money.  Tumble  into 
Lola's  toggery  quick." 

The  curtain  rose  on  the  zai'ziiela  entitled  *'  The  Pace  of 
God."  A  zarzuela  might  be  described  as  a  short  play  in 
which  the  actors  break  into  song  on  slight  provocation,  or 
as  an  opera  with  a  large  proportion  of  spoken  dialogue. 
The  scene  was  laid  among  the  masons  of  Madrid,  and 
opened  with    **Soledad"    bringing    "Ramon"   his  dinner. 

Ramon"  was  the  handsome  tenor  whom  Consuelo  had 
long  worshiped  in  secret. 

When  Consuelo  entered  as  "Soledad"  instead  of  the 
stately  Lola,  the  audience  were  paralyzed  with  astonish- 
ment at  the  sublime  audacity  of  the  thing;  and  scarcely 
believing  the  evidence  of  their  senses,  the)^  made  no  dem- 
onstration whatever. 

They  knew  Consuelo  as  one  of  the  chorus,  where,  on 
account  of  her  shortness  of  stature,  she  necessarily  stood 
in  a  prominent  place  at  the  end  of  the  front  row.  It  did 
not  matter  in  what  guise  the  chorus  entered,  whether  they 
were  servant  girls  swinging  their  aprons  to  a  sauc)^  teasing 
chant,  or  short-skirted  sylphs,  or  milkmaids ;  Consuelo  was 
always  just  Consuelo — no  make-up  afforded  the  slightest 
protection  to  her  uncompromising  ugliness,  and  yet  she 
threw  herself  into  each  and  every  part  with  such  honest 
goodwill  and  beaming  satisfaction  that  the  theater-goers 
had  a  sort  of  liking  for  her  and  were  accustomed  to  watch 
for  her  homely,  shining  face  as  for  a  familar  friend. 

As  "Soledad"  arranged  "Ramon's"  dinner  for  him,  the 
audience  recovered  from  their  first  shock,  and  there  was  a 
light  ripple  of  laughter  and  mocking  cries  of  "Bravo  I" 
but  these  were  quenched  by  a  firm,  decided  chorus  of  hisses. 
Strange  to  say,  the  hisses  were  music  to  Consuelo,  for  a 
Mexican  audience  expresses  thus  not  displeasure  with  the 
stage  but  with  some  part  of  its  own  body,  as  a  crying  baby, 


CONSUELO'S    HOUR.  129 

a  talking-  couple,  or  someone  moving-  about  with  creaking- 
boots.  What  the  hissing-  meant  now  was,  **Wait,  and  let 
the  poor  little  thing-  have  a  chance." 

*'  Soledad"  discovered  that  a  villainous  cousin  had  pois- 
oned "Ramon's"  mind  ag-ainst  her  with  tales  of  her  youth- 
ful indiscretion,  and  rig-ht  there,  among-  the  bricks  and 
mortar,  he  faced  his  wife  with  cruel  accusations. 

In  the  play,  the  wife  pleaded  guilty,  and  beg-ged  to  be 
forgiven,  but  Consuelo,  in  a  sudden  exaltation  of  genius, 
went  to  improvising- : 

"You  see  me  as  I  am, — a  poor,  stupid,  ug-ly  little  toad. 
If  I  had  been  beautiful, — but  to  believe  this  of  such  as  I, 
who  could  never  win  any  man's  love — no,  not  even  yours  I 
Tell  the  truth ;  say  that  you  are  weary  of  me  and  I  will 
kill  myself  to  set  you  free,  but  leave  me  my  one  jewel,  my 
wifely  honor  !" 

The  audience  knew  the  play  by  heart ;  and  this  adapta- 
tion of  it  to  her  own  personality  drew  some  hearty  encour- 
aging- applause. 

"Ramon"  refused  to  be  pacified,  and  forebade  "Sole- 
dad"  ever  to  return  to  her  home  and  child.  She  stayed 
away  a  few  weeks,  but,  reckless  with  mother-love,  she 
g-ained  admittance  one  day  near  nightfall  and  snatched  her 
baby  from  his  little  bed  to  sing  him  a  good-nig-ht  song- 
before  she  should  be  discovered. 

Lola  always  rushed  wildly  about  the  stage,  dangling  the 
unfortunate  infant,  and  sang  a  gorgeous  lullaby  to  the 
audience  while  she  impressed  three  perfunctory  kisses 
on  the  baby's  waxen  cheek  at  the  end  of  each  stanza.  Con- 
suelo had  no  such  voice  as  Lola's.  Hers  was  only  a  child- 
ish treble ;  but  as  fresh  and  true  as  a  wild  bird's  note  ;  and 
she  seated  herself  in  a  low  chair  and  sang  to  the  baby  an 
old  crooning  carol  that  took  everyone  in  the  house  back  to 
the  days  of  his  childhood, 

**  A'  la  rorro  niiio, 
A'  la  rorrorr6." 

She  sang  to  a  people  whose  intuition  had  almost  made 
speech  a  luxury  rather  than  a  necessity.  Where  an  Amer- 
ican audience  would  have  seen  only  a  very  plain  young 
woman,  taking  indifferently  well  a  part  entirely  unsuited 
to  her,  they  read  between  the  lines  a  life-story  of  an  artist 
soul  struggling  for  expression  and  forever  denied.  Mexican 
courtesy  and  fine  kindness  rose  to  the  occasion,  and  not 
even  Lola  was  ever  better  received. 

"Ramon"  entered  from  his  work,  and,  after  a  stormy 
scene,  "Soledad"  was  again  cast  forth.  A  desperate 
woman  now,  she  sought  out  the  cousin,  who  is  also  a 
mason,  and  made  an  appointment  for  a  secret  meeting  in  a 


130  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

lonely  place.  The  husband  found  this  out  and  invited  him- 
self to  attend  as  a  listener.  He  heard  the  cousin  declare 
his  love  for  *'Soledad"  as  his  motive  for  his  undoing  her 
with  her  husband.  He  heard  "  Soledad's"  fierce  denuncia- 
tion and  saw  her  draw  a  knife,  and  rushed  in  to  do  the 
killing:  himself.  They  were  interrupted,  but  promised  to 
fig-ht  the  next  day.  Before  the  next  day  the  cousin  was 
killed  by  a  loose  stone  in  the  building  they  were  construct- 
ing-. Of  course  there  was  a  complete  reconciliation,  and 
for  one  blissful  moment  Consuelo  lay  in  the  arms  of  the 
handsome  tenor  amid  the  cheers  of  the  audience.  She  was 
called  before  the  curtain  and  a  great  bunch  of  red  roses 
intended  for  Lola  fell  at  her  feet. 

"What  does  it  all  mean?"  she  gasped. 

"  Nothing,  girl.  Don't  let  it  turn  your  head,"  answered 
the  manager  gruffly,  but  not  unkindly.  "You've  had  your 
night,  now  be  content — and  don't  ever  try  it  again." 

Loc  Angelet.  

'  "Digger"  Indian  Legends. 

BY  L.    M.    BURNS. 

IT  is  my'  purpose  to  present,  without  embellishment 
and  as  nearly  as  possible  without  alteration,  a  few 
_  of  the  traditions  still  treasured  among  the  Scott 
Valley  Indians  of  Northern  California  —  a  class  of 
aborigines  more  commonl}^  designated  by  that  gen- 
eral term  of  contempt,  "Diggers."  The  Scott 
Valley  tribe,  never  a  large  one,  is  rapidly  becoming 
extinct,  and  with  it  is  dying  an  unwritten  litera- 
ture replete  with  suggestion  for  the  student  of  folk- 
lore. 
While  the  legends  cannot  compare  with  those  of  more 
enlightened  tribes  for  beauty  of  imagery  or  poetic  thought, 
they  have  in  them  as  they  come  from  the  lips  of  the  story- 
teller a  quality  that  is  fascinating  in  the  extreme,  howbeit 
too  elusive  to  be  fixed  by  the  printer's  art.  One  needs  the 
swarthy,  stolid  face,  with  its  occasional  quick  flash  of 
humor,  the  guttural  voice,  the  terse  diction,  the  unexpected 
pause,  the  shrug:,  the  lifting  of  the  hands,  that  supply  to 
the  hearer  a  running  parallel  of  mimicry,  to  make  the  sto- 
ries what  they  once  were — the  entertainment  of  chiefs. 

The  central  figure  in  most  of  the  traditions  is  that  of 
Quatuk,  the  Coyote.  He  is  distinctly  a  product  of  the 
West,  but  takes  the  part  of  the  Fox  in  i^sop's  fables  and 
the  Wildcat  in  the  legends  of  the  Iroquois,  except  that  his 
sagacity  is  not  infallible,  and,  indeed,  is  at  best  sadly  tinc- 
tured with  cowardice  and  egotism. 


"DIGGER"    INDIAN    LEGENDS. 


131 


It  is  to  him,  however,  that  the  tribe  owes  all  it  knows  of 
the  next  world.  Finding-  his  soul,  during-  a  locust  famine, 
in  a  sort  of  a  trance  from  starvation,  he  was  cunning- 
enougfh  to  send  it  spying-  among-  the  g-hosts,  first  making 
sure  that  his  faithful  wife  would  sing-  beside  his  body  and 
keep  it  ready  for  his  spirit's  reincarnation  when  he  should 
return.  The  completeness  of  his  researches  leaves  nothing-  to 
be  desired.  He  is  presumably  a  g-host  himself  at  the  present 
moment,  dancing  with  the  just  among  the  stars.  He  died 
ignominiously  at  last,  as  the  result  of  an  attempted  assault 
upon  a  pitch  man  which  a  malicious  giant  had  set  up  in  his 
way.  It  is  the  Indian  version  of  Brer  Rabbit  and  Tar 
Baby.  He  hung  by  his  ears,  hands  and  feet  until  dead,  for 
there  was  no  Brer  Fox  to  pull  him  loose.  Thus  ended  a 
life  of  many  experiences. 

One  of  his  early  adventures  is  given  in  explanation  of 

WHY   the:   animates   ARE   WARM-BI,OODE)D. 

In  the  first  days  of  the  earth,  all  that  the  animals  had  to 
warm  themselves  by  was  a  hot  rock.  This  was  the  prop- 
erty of  the  Lynx.  There  was  such  jealousy  for  its  posses- 
sion that  finally  all  the  animals  except  Quatuk,  the  Coyote, 
were  invited  by  the  Lynx  to  meet  upon  the  Klamath  and 
gamble  to  decide  who  should  own  it. 

Quatuk  heard  them  gambling  as  he  sat  in  the  Shasta 
Valley,  twenty  miles  away. 

□  "I  will  play  them  a  trick,"  he  said  to  himself.  So  he 
covered  himself  with  a  skin,  and  came  running  over  the 
hills  singing  the  traveling  song  of  the  beasts  : 


J 


S 


^ 


5 


3 


'^o^- 


I 


lAo/vtAVTvcy   '.         aJA^SL/v^Xj  Tv^'::^  •        V!iv<VVAe J  i/->^   C| 


When  he  got  to  the  Klamath  the  Lynx  still  had  the  stone. 
Quatuk  began  to  gamble  with  the  rest,  and  by  his  cunning 
soon  won  the  game.  But  the  rock  was  so  hot  that  no  one 
could  touch  it  but  the  Lynx,  and  Quatuk  knew  that  he 
would  never  part  with  it  without  doing  some  mischief  first. 

All  the  animals  began  to  dance.  Quatuk,  covered  with 
the  skin,  leapt  highest  of  them  all.  But  he  could  see  that 
the  Lynx  was  plotting  to  kill  him.  So  he  slipped  to  one 
side  and  left  the  skin  to  dance  for  him. 

When  the  dance  grew  fiercest  and  the  skin  was  leaping 
higher  than  the  tree-tops,  the  Lynx  suddenly  seized  the 


132  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

rock  and  hurled  it  at  the  skin,  thinking  to  kill  his  rival. 
But  the  skin  only  wilted  down,  flat  and  empty,  and  the  rock 
hit  the  mountain  side  behind  and  shivered  into  a  hundred 
pieces.  The  drake  caught  up  one  piece  and  ran  away  with 
it  under  his  arm,  where  it  is  easily  proved  he  still  carries  it; 
for  is  he  not,  like  all  fowls,  warmer  under  his  left  wing" 
than  his  right  ?  All  the  other  animals  followed  suit  till 
nothing  was  left  of  the  hot  rock,  and  those  who  were  too 
slow  to  get  even  a  pinch  of  the  dust  that  was  left,  took  to 
the  water  or  crawled  into  the  earth,  where  they  have  hid- 
den themselves  ever  since  from  the  scorn  of  their  fellows — 
cold-blooded  and  sluggish  to  this  day. 

THE  STEALING   OF   THE    FIRE. 

On  a  mountain  known  to  the  Indians  of  today  as  Was-a- 
hoo,  or  '*the  Cry  of  the  Coyote,"  there  lived  at  the  beginning 
of  time  the  family  of  Pains,  whose  duty  it  was  to  guard  the 
eternal  fire.  None  of  the  animals  of  the  earth  had  any- 
thing to  warm  them  except  their  portion  of  the  original 
hot  rock,  and  it  was  finally  the  sly  Quatuk  who  succeeded 
in  playing  the  part  of  Prometheus  for  the  suffering  beasts. 

The  parent  Pains  one  day  went  hunting,  leaving  the  lit- 
tle ones  in  charge. 

'*Let  no  one  come  near  the  fire,"  they  warned  them. 
**  Let  not  the  cunning  Quatuk  come  near  it,  for  he  will 
steal  it  and  leave  us  shivering." 

Now  Quatuk  knew  when  the  parent  Pains  had  gone,  and 
he  called  all  the  animals  together  and  stationed  them  at 
regular  intervals  on  the  way  to  Was-a-hoo.  He  went  him- 
self to  the  mountain,  disguised  as  a  paint-man.  The  little 
Pains  were  standing  close  around  the  fire,  guarding  it. 

*'Good  morning,"  said  Quatuk,  smiling  pleasantly. 
**  Where  are  your  father  and  mother  ?  " 

**  Gone  hunting,"  said  the  little  Pains,  huddling  closer  to 
the  fire. 

**  Too  bad,"  said  Quatuk  sadly.  '*They  wanted  me  to 
paint  them."  He  lowered  his  paint  pots  to  the  ground  and 
stretched  his  shoulder.  "  I  had  to  carry  them  all  the  way 
up  the  mountain  for  nothing.  You'd  better  let  me  paint 
you." 

**  Seems  to  me  you  look  like  Quatuk,"  said  one  little  Pain 
with  his  head  on  one  side. 

**Oh  no,"  laughed  the  coyote.     *' Quatuk  gone  Ites."* 

**  Your  feet  look  like  Quatuk *s,"  said  another  little  Pain, 
squinting  his  eyes. 

**  Oh,  no,  no  I  Quatuk  gone  Ites  long  ago." 

**  Your  ears  look  like  Quatuk,"  said  a  bigger  Pain.  '*Gk) 
away  I " 

*The  home  of  the  coyote  in  the  North. 


(( 


"DIGGER"     NDIAN    LEGENDS.  133 

**  Quatuk  gfone  Ites  these  four  moons,"  said  the  Coyote. 

Better  let  me  paint  your  face. " 

Your  tail  looks  like  Quatuk's,"said  the  first  little  Pain. 
Ha,  ha  !  Quatuk  g-one  Ites.  I'm  nothing-  but  a  paint- 
man.  Just  let  me  paint  your  face,  little  fellow.  I'll  make 
you  so  pretty  you  won't  know  yourself. " 

The  big-  Pains  held  back  and  shook  their  heads,  but  the 
little  one  drew  near,  and  Quatuk  painted  his  face,  red  on 
one  side  and  yellow  on  the  other.  Then  he  fetched  a  bowl 
of  water,  and  the  little  Pain  bent  over  it  to  see  how  he 
looked.     He  was  so  pretty  he  didn't  know  himself. 

Then  some  of  the  older  Pains  came  forward  to  be  painted, 
and  soon  they  were  all  crowding"  around,  forgetting-  every- 
thing- in  their  curiosity.  Quatuk  painted  them  every  one 
and  sent  them  to  look  at  themselves  in  the  water.  They 
were  so  pretty  they  couldn't  tear  themselves  away.  They 
pushed  each  other  and  fought  for  the  best  place  to  stand, 
while  Quatuk  sauntered  off. 

*' Guess  I'll  go  out  to  meet  your  father  and  mother,"  he 
said. 

He  watched  the  little  Pains  out  of  the  corner  of  his  eyes. 
Pretty  soon  they  stopped  fig-hting-  and  made  a  close  ring 
around  the  water,  looking-  at  themselves. 

Quatuk  made  a  dash  for  the  fire,  ^  seized  a  large  brand, 
and  ran  for  his  life,  with  it  under  his  arm.  He  ran  until 
he  was  ready  to  drop,  and  then  handed  the  fire  to  the 
White  Deer  who  was  stationed  at  the  first  post. 

In  the  meanwhile  the  parent  Pains  had  returned,  and 
found  the  fire  all  gone  out.  The  knew  by  that  that  a  frag- 
ment had  been  stolen,  and  they  turned  out  full  force  and 
were  hot  on  the  trail,  when  at  last  the  brand  was  handed 
to  the  Turtle,  who  promptly  jumped  into  the  water.  Upon 
that  the  Pains  turned  back,  the  Turtle  being  the  last  on 
the  line ;  and  for  revenge  they  took  up  their  abode  in  the 
bodies  of  the  animals  that  had  assisted  in  the  theft,  where 
they  have  existed  ever  since,  torturing  men  and  beasts  in 
the  thousands  of  ways  that  their  malice  has  devised.  The 
fire,  being  immortal,  was  not  extinguished  by  the  water, 
and  the  creatures  of  the  earth  still  find  in  it  some  consola- 
tion for  the  comfort  that  they  lost. 

It  is  interesting  to  note  in  this  connection  the  theory  of 
disease  still  held  by  the  medicine-men  of  this  tribe.  It  is 
based  directly  on  the  legend  of  the  Pains,  and  with  them 
the  diagnosis  of  a  case  means  the  discovery  of  what  kind 
of  a  pain  it  is  that  is  assailing  the  victim — whether  wolf- 
pain,  bear-pain,  eel-pain,  or  what.  The  process  is  full  of 
dramatic  possibilities,  swerving  in  its  action  between  the 


134  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

tragic  and  ludicrous.  The  medicine-man,  stripped  and 
holding  in  his  hand  the  skin,  claw,  or  tusk  of  some  animal 
(or  a  crude  representation,  if  nothing"  better  is  to  be  had), 
leaps  and  runs  about  the  sick-bed  in  pursuit  of  the  malig- 
nant spirit.  The  hypothesis  is  that  only  a  wolf  can 
overtake  a  wolf-pain.  Often  the  chase  is  kept  up  for 
hours,  and  the  doctor  may  have  well-nigh  exhausted  the 
fauna  of  the  place  before  he  finally  lights  on  the  proper  ani- 
mal. In  the  meanwhile  no  morsel  of  food  or  drop  of  water 
is  allowed  to  pass  the  sufferer's  lips,  and  the  women,  with 
beating  of  hands  and  stamping  of  feet,  keep  up  the  per- 
petual drone  of  the  medicine-song,  a  chant  so  harrowing 
and  dirge-like  that  it  is  a  wonder  the  patient  survives  the 
first  hour.  In  one  case  the  medicine-man  seized  a  live  dog, 
and,  indifferent  to  its  frantic  yelps  and  howls,  bore  it  with 
long  leaps  and  jumps  around  and  around  the  sick  man,  till 
he  had  demonstrated  that  it  was  no^  a  dog-pain  that  was 
doing  the  mischief.  It  was  finally  determined  that  it  was 
a  white-deer-pain,  the  fleetest  kind  of  all.  He  pursued  it 
in  full  cry  into  the  woods,  and  at  length  ran  it  to  cover 
under  a  stone,  from  whence  he  pinched  it  up  between  his 
thumb  and  forefinger,  and  carried  it  in  triumph  to  the 
house.  After  a  long  and  eloquent  address,  in  which  he  ex- 
horted it  to  return  to  Was-a-hoo  and  trouble  men  no  longer, 
he  drowned  it  ceremoniously  in  a  little  bowl,  and  then 
poured  it  into  the  fire.  The  patient  died,  but  the  mourners 
had  the  satisfaction  of  knowing  that  his  last  moments 
were  free  from  pain. 

''Otto  hofee,  I  pity  him,"  said  the  doctor.  *'But  I 
caught  the  white  deer  too  late." 

It  was  explained  that  a  pain  no  thicker  than  a  thread 
would  cause  infinite  agony,  and  one  of  proportions  to  be 
recognized  a  few  inches  off  would  bring  on  death  instantly. 
It  is  plain,  then,  that  the  task  of  the  physician  is  not  envi- 
able, and  it  is  no  proof  to  the  Indians  of  lack  of  skill  if  all 
his  patients  die. 

[to  be  continued.] 


Ah  Instance, 

BY  i/ULlA    BOYNTON   ORmKN. 

When  Mother  Eve  through  Eden's  store 
On  that  first  shopping  trip  went  forth. 
To  find  what  fabric  was  best  worth 

To  make  her  famous  pinafore, . 

She  thought  her  task  with  moment  big  ; 
She  must  weigh  color,  texture,  shape ; 


ACCURATE    CALIFORNIA    STATISTICS.  135 

She  passed  the  fern,  the  gourd,  the  grape, 
And  settled  on  the  historic  fig. 

Honor  to  her  inspired  likes  ! 

What  leaf  so  smooth,  so  strong,  so  clean  ? 

Colored  to  such  a  perfect  green, 
And  ready  cut  in  sweet  Vandykes  I 

And  as  she  fastened  in  her  bower 

The  emerald  peplum  round  her  waist. 
She  shadowed  forth  that  finer  taste. 

From  then  till  now  the  woman's  dower. 

Redlands,  Cal. 


Accurate  California  Statistics, 


^ 


HE    following-  tables  are  compiled  from  all  latest  available 
official  sources  : 


EDUCATION  IN   CAI^IFORNIA,   1900. 

From  the  Biennial  Report  of  Thos.  J.  Kirk,  Supt.  of  Public  In- 
struction, the  following  statistics  of  education  in  California  for  1900 
are  taken : 

Number  of  primary  and  grammar  school  districts 3,277 

Number  of  classes  and  teachers 7,119 

Value  of  lots  and  buildings $15,276,694 

Value  of  libraries $703,178 

Value  of  apparatus $383,690 

Pupils  enrolled  in  primary  and  grammar  schools 257,557 

Number  of  State  Normal  Schools 5 

Number  of  teachers 101 

Number  of  students,  normal  department,  1,690 ;  training, 

926;   total 2,616 

Value  of  lots  and  buildings $615,226 

Value  of  furniture $31,500 

Value  of  libraries $30,498 

Value  of  apparatus $21,850 

Number  of  High  Schools 120 

Number  of  teachers 486 

Number  of  students 12,179 

Value  of  lots,  buildings  and  furniture $1,912,691 

Value  of  apparatus 104,479 

Value  of  libraries 55,916 

Under  the  State  law,  the  kindergarten  is  part  of  the  primary 
schools,  and  is  reported  with  them.  In  1899  there  were  129  teachers 
and  4,410  pupils  in  the  kindergartens. 

DEPOSITS  IN  SAVINGS  BANKS— DEC.   31,   1898. 

AVERAGE 
STATE  PER   DEPOSITOR 

All  United  States $392  13 

Massachusetts 347  36 

New  York... 437  45 

Pennsylvania 291  47 

Illinois 309  95 

Rhode  Island 507  29 

California 637  75 


136  LAND    CF    SUNSHINE. 

Note — California  leads  all  States  in  the  Union :  The  depositors 
in  California  numbered  209,9C8,  or  about  one  in  seven  of  the  total 
population,  Chinese  and  Indians  included. 

CAI,lFORNIA   SKA-GOING  COMMKRCK,    1897-98. 
PORTS  IMPORTS  EXPORTS 

San  Francisco $42,821,945  $40,709,851 

Ltos  Angeles 476,042  110,375 

San  Diego 198,477  487,364 


Totals $43,496,464  $41,307,590 

Increase  over  1887-88: 

Imports $  2,800,000 

Exports 38,700,000 

GROWTH  OF  SOME  CAI^IFORNIA  INDUSTRIES. 

1890  1900 

Prune  crop  in  pounds* 16,000,000  125,000,000 

Raisin  crop  in  poands 38,000,000  71,568,000 

Beet  sugar  crop  in  poundsf 9,250,000  50,000,000 

Dried  figs,  crop  in  pounds 360,000  5,800,000 

SHIPMENTS  FRESH   DECIDUOUS   FRUITS — MAY  1-OCT.   31,   1900. 

(For  Northern  California  only.) 

CARLOADS 

Pears 2,103^ 

Peaches 1,360^ 

Plums 1,159^ 

Grapes 796^ 

Apples 324>^ 

Cherries 237^ 

Apricots i 151  i^ 

Quinces 9)4 

Persimmons 2 

Mixed  (nectarines,  figs,  berries,  pomegranates,  etc.) 27>^ 

Total  carloads 6,173 

SHIPMENTS  FRESH  DECIDUOUS  FRUITS. 

1890 74,646,000  pounds 

1899 193,900,000  pounds 

CAUFORNIA   FOREST  RESERVES. 

The  national  system  of  forest  reserves,  begun  in  1892,  includes  7 
reservations  in  California,  aggregating  8,511,794  acres.  They  are 
as  follows : 

NAME  ACRES 

San  Gabriel  Timber-Land  Reserve 555,520 

Sierra  Forest  Reserve 4,096,000 

San  Bernardino  Forest  Reserve 737,280 

Trabuco  Caiion  Forest  Reserve 49,920 

Stanislaus  Forest  Reserve 691,200 

San  Jacinto  Forest  Reserve 737,280 

Pine  Mt.  and  Jiaca  Lake  Forest  Reserve 1,644,594 

Congress  has  also  taken  steps  to  add  the  Calaveras  Grove  of  Big 
Trees  (Sequoia  gigantea)  to  the  list  of  reservations. 

♦  In  1899,  California  prnnes— poanda 114,227,000 

Rest  of  the  world— pounds 133,000,000 

t  ElflTht  factories,  with  a  daily  capacity  of  11,350  tons  of  beets.  The  larjrest  and 
best  suirar  factory  in  the  world,  and  the  first  in  the  U.  S.  are  in  this  State.  The  in- 
dustry beffan  in  1883. 


137 


.  Early   Western   History, 

BENAVIDES'S    MEMORIAL.     1630. 

Translated  by  Mrs.  Edward  E.  Ayer,  annotated  by  F,  W.  Hodge ^ 
edited^  with  notes.,  by  Chas.  F.  Lumfnis. 


THE  Demon,  enemy  of  souls,  seeing-  that  those  Religious  were 
going-  to  deliver  from  his  claws  the  [soulsj  which  he  there 
had  possession  of  Vgozd],  wished  to  defend  himself,  and 
made  use  of  a  stratagem  [ardid']*  of  the  [sort]  that  he  is 
accustomed  to.  And  it  was,  that  he  dried  up  the  lagoons  of 
water  that  they  drank  ;  on  account  of  which  also  fled  the  much  herd 
of  Buffalo  [f7tucho\  ganado  de  Sibola^  which  was  there,  by  which  all 
these  nations  sustain  themselves.  And  directly,  by  the  medium  of 
the  Indian  sorcerers^,  he  broadcast  the  word  [echo  la  voz]  that  they 
should  change  their  location  \jnudassen  puesto']  to  seek  [their]  food  ; 
and  that  now  the  Religious  whom  they  were  sending  to  summon 
would  not  come ;  since  in  six  years  that  they  had  waited  for  them 
they  did  not  go  ;  and  this  time  they  were  already  delaying  so  much 
that  they  had  not  to  expect  them.  And  so  the  Captains  ordered  that 
they  should  strike  their  tents  to  go  the  next  day  at  dawn.  And  at 
the  break  of  day  the  Saint  [feminine]  spoke  to  each  one  of  them  in- 
dividually [en  particular'X ,  and  told  them  that  they  should  not  go  ; 
for  already  the  Religious  whom  they  were  sending  to  seek  were  draw- 
ing near  \ivan  cercd\.  And  all  of  them  having  discussed  it  among 
themselves,  they  sent  twelve  Captains  in  whom  they  most  confided 
\de  mas  satisfaccion]  ,t  to  see  if  it  were  so.  And  on  the  third  day  they 
ran  upon  [toparon  con]  the  Religious,  whom  they  asked  to  show  them 
the  picture  of  the  woman  that  used  to  preach  to  them.  And  when 
the  Padre  showed  him  [mostrandole — to  their  leader,  presumably]  a 
[picture]  of  the  Mother  Louisa  de  Carrion,  they  said  that  she  [their 
visitant]  was  dressed  like  that  one,  but  that  she  was  more  handsome 
and  young.  And  immediately  [al  punto]  they  went  to  give  news  to 
their  [people]  of  the  coming  of  the  Padres.  And  came  out  to  meet 
them  in  procession,  with  two  Crosses  in  front,  as  [they  were]  so  well 
instructed  by  heaven.  When  the  said  Padres,  and  three  soldiers  that 
went  with  them,  had  adored  the  which  [crosses]  the  Padres,  also,  took 
out  their  two  Crucifixes,  which  they  wore  at  the  neck ;  and  all  came 
to  kiss  it  [the  crucifix]  and  to  venerate  it,  as  if  they  were  very  old 
Christians.  And  the  same  they  did  to  a  ver3^  pretty  Infant 
Jesus,  that  they  [the  padres]  carried,  putting  their  mouch  and  eyes 
to  His  feet  with  much  devotion.  At  which  all  our  [people]  were  left 
marveling  much  \_quedauan  muy  admirados].  Then,  more  than  ten 
thousand  souls  having  come  together  in  that  field  to  hear  the  word 
of  the  L/ord,  the  Padre  Salas  asked  them  if  with  all  their  heart 
they  asked  for  baptism.  To  the  which  the  Captains  responded.  That 
only  for  that  they  had  sent  to  summon  him,  and  for  that  they  had 
come  together.  The  Padre  said  to  them,  That,  although  it  is  true 
that  the  Captains  are  supposed  t  [to  stand]  for  all,  he  would  like  to 
hear  it  from  the  mouth  of  each  one.  And  now  that  that  could  not  be, 
because  the  people  were  so  many,  that  the  word  should  be  passed  {gue 
corriesse  la  voz],%  and  that  he  who  might  wish  to  be  a  Christian  should 
lift  his  arm,  in  the  place  where  he  was,  and  he  would  know  from  there 

*N.  Y.  P.  L.,  "  act  of  audacity."    tN.  Y.  P.  I^.,  "  immense."    *  hechiceros.    N.  Y,  P. 
I».,  "sorcery." 
tN.  Y.  P.  ly.,  "/or  greater  satisfaction,"  wholly  missing-  the  idiom. 
%  Suponian.    N.  Y.  P.  ly.,  "  Captains  speak  for  all." 
§  Omitted  altosrether  by  N.  Y.  P.  ly. 


138  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

who  wished  to  be  one.  A  marvelous  thing- !  For  with  one  great  cry  all 
uplifted  their  arms,  rising  to  their  feet,  asking  for  the  holy  baptism. 
And  that  which  most  hath  moved  us  to  compassion  \nos  ha  enterne- 
cido]  is  that  the  mothers  who  had  in  their  arms  their  tiny  children 
[criaturitas]  at  the  breast,  seeing  them  incapable  of  performing  this 
action,  took  them  by  their  little  arms  and  held  them  upward,  begging 
aloud  jfor  them  the  holy  baptism.  It  is  the  power  of  the  divine  word, 
which  worketh  witlv  so  much  efficacy. 

THESE  Religious  were  there  some  few  days,  preaching  the 
divine  word  and  teaching  [them]  to  pray.  To  which  they 
flocked  [acudian]  with  so  much  punctuality  that  they  failed 
not  morning  or  Yy]  evening.  And  in  those  days  *  came  mes- 
sengers from  the  rest  of  the  neighboring  nations  to  summon 
them  [the  Padres]  to  go  and  teach  them  likewise  ;  since  there  likewise 
went  that  Saint  [feminine],  preaching  to  them.  And  as  it  seemed 
to  the  Padres  that  that  harvest  was  mnch  and  the  laborers  few,  and 
the  people  disposed  to  settle  down  [poblar]  and  make  their  churches, 
they  [the  Padres]  returned  to  where  we  [the  superiors  of  the  order] 
were,  to  take  the  assistants  [aderentes,  lit.  followers  f ]  therefor. 
And  before  leaving,  they  brought  together  all  the  Indians,  to  bid 
them  farewell.  And  taking  the[ir]  hand,  the  Padre  Salas — as  Com- 
missary of  the  journey, t  as  he  was — told  them  that  in  the  interim 
until  he  should  come,  they  should  flock  every  day,  as  they  were  wont, 
to  pray  to  a  Cross  which  they  had  set  up§  there  upon  a  pedestal.  And 
that  in  all  the  necessities  which  might  befall  them,  they  should  flock 
with  Faith  to  that  holy  Cross,  for  it  would  relieve  them  therein.  To 
the  which  the  chief  Captain  answered  these  words  :  *'  Padre,  we  can 
not  yet  do  anything  with  God,  for  we  are  like  deer  and  animals  of 
the  wilds ;  and  thou  canst  [do]  much  with  God  and  with  this  holy 
Cross.  And  we  have  many  sick  ones — cure  them  first  [before]  that 
thou  goest."  And  it  appears  that  God  permitted  that  at  this  season 
there  should  be  so  many  sick,  upon  whom  He  might  well  employ  His 
divine  pity.  For,  it  being  three  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  when  they 
commenced,  they  had  to  bring  ||  [sick  ones]  all  the  afternoon,  all  the 
night,  and  the  next  day  until  ten  o'clock.  And  one  of  the  Religious 
on  one  side  and  the  other  on  the  other,^  with  only  making  the  sign 
of  the  Cross  and  saying  the  Gospel  of  St.  Luke,  '•'' Loquente  lesuy^^  and 
the  prayer  of  Our  Lady,  '*  concede  nos,'"  and  that  of  Our  Father  St. 
Francis,  ^^Deus  qui  Ecclesiatn  tuatn  " — instantly  they  rose  up  well** 
of  all  their  infirmities,  the  blind,  lame,  dropsied,  and  of  all  their 
pains.  O  infinite  goodness  !  May  the  Angels  bless  thee,  that  thus 
thou  wishest  to  honor  this  sacred  Order  {Religiofi]  and  its  sons,  con- 
firming by  their  hand,  with  so  many  miracles,  thy  divine  word  which 
those  Religious  gave  ;  and  the  soldiers  who  saw  it  were  as  stunned 
[pasmados]  to  see  so  many  marvels  wrought  by  their  [the  Padres'] 
hands  ;  and  the  Indians  so  confirmed  in  the  Faith  of  the  holy  Cross 
that  at  once  {luego]  they  each  one  placed  it  [a  cross]  on  the  front 
l/ronlispicio]  of  his  tent,  and  afterward,  each  time  that  they  went 
away  from  home  [saltan  fuera],  they  carried  it  for  a  guide.  So  many 
were  they  that  were  miraculously  healed  there,  that  they  could 
not  he  reduced  to  number.  The  which  [cures]  God  wrought  in  such 
abundance  that  even  the  very  soldiers  who  accompanied  the  Religious 
made  them.     For  all,  God  be  infinitely  praised. 

•N.  Y.  P.  L.,  "  In  these  two  days.'' 

t  N.  Y.  P.  L.,  "  to  net  Tools  for  It " ! 

Xjornada.    N.  Y.  P.  L.,  "  misaiod." 

%  Avian.    N.  Y.  P.  L.,"he.'» 

II  Traisr.    N.  Y.  P.  L.,  "  continue." 

II N.  Y.  P.  L.  omits  all  this  sentence  thus  far. 

••  Sanos.    Omitted  by  N.  Y.  P.  L. 


EARLY    WESTERN    HISTORY.      '  139 

FOM  the  [afore]  said  may  well  be  inferred  the  so  copious  spirit- 
ual blessings  [dienes]  which  our  Seraphic  Order  [/^elig-ion] 
hath  discovered  throughout  all  the  world.  And  in  this  region 
[por  esta  parte']  it  alone  is  the  [Order]  which  with  so  great 
travails  and  risks  makes  these  so  superb  [grandiosas]  dis- 
coveries. Since,  as  has  been  said,  in  [one]  sole  stretch  of  one  hun- 
dred leagues  it  has  baptized  more  than  eighty  thousand*  souls,  and 
built  more  than  fifty  very  beautiful  {^curiosos]  Churches  and  Monas- 
teries. And  they  are  more  than  five  hundred  thousand*  Indians, 
those  whom  we  have  pacific  \^pacificos,  instead  of  pacificados\  and 
subject  to  Your  Majesty  in  all  the  neighboring  nations,  who  are  little 
by  little  being  catechised  to  be  baptized.  In  [such]  sort  that  tho'  \de 
suerte  que\  all  that  territory  belonged  tof  the  demon  until  now,  and 
was  thick  with  [poblada  de]  idolatry,  without  there  being  a  person  to 
praise  the  most  Holy  Name  of  Jesus,  today  it  is  all  thick  [podlada] 
with  Temples  and  Monasteries,  and  with  pedestals  of  the  Cross  ; 
and  there  is  no  one  that  does  not  praise  God  and  His  Most 
Holy  Mother  aloud  in  the  wilds  when  they  are  saluting  one  another. 
In  which  merit  Your  Majesty  is  so  much  a"  sharer  [ian  interesado] , 
since  with  your:}:  Royal  aid  we  are  sustained  in  those  conversions,  and 
with  your:}:  Royal  incomes  \_aueres,  for  haberes]  we  found  churches  to 
the  lyord.  For  the  which  I  have  very  great  faith  that  as  Your 
Majesty  so  much  spreads  our  Holy  Catholic  Faith,  our  I^ord  hath  to 
pay  you  it,  even  in  this  life,  in  the  same  coin  [mofieda],  by  extending 
your  Royal  Crown,  subjecting  [to  it]  so  many  enemies  of  the  Faith 
and  manifesting  to  you  such  rich  treasures  of  mines,  as  now  we  have 
discovered. 

KINGDOM   OF   QUIVIRA  AIXAOS. 

WHE^N  these  two  Religious  were  working  those  marvels  in 
the  Xumana  nation,  and  in  that  of  the  Iapes,§  Xabatoas§ 
(45)  and  other  [nations]  which  were  there  neighboring;  In 
ofnnem  tei'ram  exiuit  sonus  eorumX,  likewise  this  word 
\voz\  reached  to  the  Kingdom  of  Quivira,  and  to  that  of 
Aixaos,  which  were  30  or  40  leagues  from  there,  in  the  same  direction 
of  the  Bast.  And  they  sent  their  Embassadors  to  the  Padres,  that 
they  should  go  there  likewise  to  teach  them  and  baptize  them.  Say- 
ing how  the  same  Saint  [feminine]  went  there  preaching  to  them 
that  they  should  come  to  summon  them  [the  Padres] .  Well,  as  the 
Religious  were  already  on  their  way  \de  catnino]  to  return  whence 
they  had  come  forth,  and  to  take  [back]  what  was  necessary  to  found 
the  Churches — they  told  them  [the  Indians]  that  they  would  go  there 
also,  and  would  bring  for  them  more  Religious  to  aid  them.  And  so 
with  them  came  the  same  ^Embassadors,  who  told  us  all  of  th-e  concern 
\afectd\  with  which  they  were  begging  [for]  baptism.  And  without 
fail  they  [the  reinforced  missionaries]  must  have  [aurdn  for  habrdn] 
gone  in  by  now  and  commenced  to  work  in  the  vineyard  of  the  I^ord. 

1  CANNOT  omit  telling  on  this  occasion,  the  particular  service 
which  my  Order  [^Religioti]  does  Your  Majesty  in  the  pacification 
and  conversion  of  this  Kingdom  of  Quivira  and  Aixaos,  since  it 
is  of  known  greatness  and  richness.  Being  as  the  Villa  of 
Santa  F^  is  in  thirty-seven  degrees  [north  lat.],  and  going  from 
there  to  the  EJast  a  hundred  and  fifty  leagues,  [one]  strikes  this  King- 

*  The  exag-fireration  of  the  enthusiast.    Both  nttmbers  should  be  divided  by  ten» 
perhaps. 
tN.  Y.  P.  L.,  "  has  stood  up  for." 
JN.  Y.  P.  L.,  "his"! 
§  Both  mispelled  in      .  Y.  P.  L . 
Romans  10, 18. 


140  LAND    OF   SUNSHINE. 

dom  ;  and  so  it  is  in  the  same  latitude.*  Even  so,  we  know  by  evi- 
dence and  eyesight  that  there  exists  in  this  Kingdom,  and  in  that  of 
the  Aixaos  which  borders  upon  it,  very  great  quantity  of  gold.  And 
each  day  we  see  their  Indians,  who  trade  with  ours,  who  testify  to  it. 
(46)  And  much  better  [testify]  the  Fleraingsf  and  English,  who  on 
the  side  of  Florida  are  near  them  and  barter  with  them  for  the  gold 
dust  [meial  tierra  de  oro]  in  the  greatest  quantity.  The  which  they 
carry  off  thus  to  benefit  their  countries,  and  the  Heretics  enjoy  the 
so  great  riches  which  the  Catholic  Church  in  the  name  of  God  granted 
to  Your  Majesty  ;  and  with  it  they  make  war  on  us.  Even  so,  well 
testifies  the  Captain  and  great  pilot  Vicente  Gongales,  (47)  of  the 
nation  of  Lusitania,:}:  who  from  Havana  went  to  coast  the  coast 
[cosiear  la  costa%},  of  the  Florida.  And  he  entered  into  that  great 
River  where  the  English  are  settled.  And  entering  to  the  interior 
\tierra  adentrd\ ,  he  saw  the  Indians  of  Quivira  and  Aixaos,  with  ear- 
rings and  necklaces  of  gold,  very  bulky  \gruessas\  and  so  soft  that 
with  the  fingers  they  made  of  them  whatever  they  wished.  The  In- 
dians assuring  [him]  that  there  existed  in  their  Kingdom  of  Quivira 
and  Aixaos  much  of  that  [metal] .  So,  in  order  that  Your  Majesty 
enjoy  all  this,  it  is  fitting  \conviene\  in  any  event  that  this  Kingdom 
of  Quivira,  and  that  of  the  Aixaos,  be  settled,  and  that  those  Indians 
be  Christians.  And  looking  from  this  post  [or,  place;  pueslo]  of 
Quivira  to  the  nearest  [part]  of  the  sea,  which  falls  to  the  East,  there 
is  shown  on  the  maritime  maps  [mapas  de  niarear] ,  a  bay  with  [the] 
title  of  the  Espiritu  Santo,  in  29  degrees,  between  the  Cape  of  Apa- 
lache  and  the  coast  of  Tampico,  which  is  the  coast  of  the  North  of 
New  Spain  [Mexico],  within  the  gulf  [ensenada,  generally  a  sm.all  and 
open  bay  or  roadstead].  Following  the  chart  [carieandd],  then,  from 
this  Kingdom  of  Quivira  to  this  gulf,  it  is  not  so  much  as  [aun  no  ay]  a 
hundred  leagues.  And  from  there  [the  gulf  shore]  to  the  Havana  one 
goes  in  five  or  six  days,  coasting  the  coast.  So  that  if  this  port  or  bay 
of  Espiritu  Santo  were  settled  up,  there  would  be  saved||  [se  aorrauan^ 
for  ahorrabaii\  in  that  direction  \^por  alii]  more  than  eight  hundred 
leagues,  which  are  the  [distance]  from  New  Mexico  to  the  Havana, 
coming  by  [way  of]  Mexico.  The  which  [leagues]  are  traveled  in 
more  than  a  year  [se  caminan  en  mas  de  un  ano;  i.  e.,  it  takes  more 
than  a  year  to  travel  them] ;  and  four  hundred  of  them  through  a 
land  of  war  very  perilous  [tierra  de  guerra  fnuy  peligrosa],  where 
Your  Majesty  makes  many  expenditures  in  escorts  of  soldiers,  and  [in] 
wagons.  And  this  way  from  the  bay  of  Espiritu  Santo  all  this  is 
saved  in  only  a  hundred  leagues  of  road,  which  is  the  [distance]  from 
the  Kingdom  of  Quivira  to  this  bay.  And  all  the  road  [is]  pacific,  of 
friendly  and  known  people,  who  today  must  be  [oy  estaraii]  converted 
and  must  be  conferring  about  [tratardn  de]  their  baptism  ;  for  in  this 
state  I  left  them  the  year  past.  Even  so  by  this  route  [por  esta  parte] 
the  nearness  to  the  Havana  being  so  great,  it  would  be  possible  easily 
to  have  the  profit  of  [gozar]  the  hides  [corambre]  which  could  be 
made  from  the  Buffalo  herd  [ganado  de  Sibola]^  and  their  wool  [land]. 

*N.  Y.  P.  Ju.,  '*  AUitude"!  It  is  in  fact  less  than  half  as  hijfh  above  sea-level  as 
Santa  F6. 

t  riameucos.    N.  Y.  P.  L..  "  Dutch." 

X  Part  of  ancient  Portuaral.  The  N.  Y.  P.  L.  coolly  translates  "  PortUR-ncse 
nation." 

9  Here  is  a  jrood  example  of  the  amateur  translator's  temptations  to  "educate  his 
author."  Benavides  says  "to  coast  the  coast,"  and  the  Sophomore  knows  that  this 
is  tautoloffy*  Unless  he  has  natural  common-sense  or  traininsr  in  science,  he  will 
be  sure  to  write  "skirt  the  coast,"  or  some  other  smooth  Inexactitude.  This  is  not 
(rood  science,  and  probably  not  ffood  morals.  No  one  cares  a  two-btt  piece  what 
rh'^toric  the  translator  can  swinsr;  the  ouly  concern  on  earth  is*  "What  did  Bena- 
vides say?"    The  N.  Y.  P.  L.,  by  the  way,  translates  costear  "  to  examine." 

UN.  Y.  P.  L.,  "settled"! 


EARLY    WESTERN    HISTORY.  141 

For  as  it  is  a  herd  which  sheds  [its  hair] ,  the  wind  is  wont  to  g-ather 
tog-ether  in  the  plains  heaps  of  it,  and  it  is  lost.  And  so  of  these 
^oods  [or,  kind ;  generd],  as  of  many  others  which  that  land  has. 
From  there  [one]  can  with  facility,  in  light  vessels  \_fragatillas\^ 
trade  and  traffic  with  all  the  coast  of  New  Spain,  Tampico,  San  luan 
de  I/ua  [San  Juan  de  Ulua],  Campeche,  Havana  and  Florida,  and  all 
in  sight  of  land.  Wherewith  those  ports  will  go  on  in  increase  and 
riches,  whereby  Your  Majesty  will  be  very  much  interested  [i.  e.,  in 
the  financial  sense].  Besides  which,  in  that  bay  of  Espiritu  Santo, 
and  [on]  all  that  coast,  clear  to  Florida,  there  are  \tiene;  the  Fraile 
forg-ets  the  construction  with  which  he  began  the  sentence]  much 
pearls,  and  amber ;  and  today  they  are  all  lost  by  [the  locality]  not 
being  settled.  And  for  this  reason  so  many  hostile  Hollanders*  roam 
\andan\  there,  robbing  whatsoever  light  vessels  \_fragatillas\  cross 
the  gulf  [ensenadd] .  And  if  the  bay  [of  Espiritu  Santo]  were  settled, 
they  would  not  have  anywhere  to  take  refuge.  liven  so,  to  carry 
from  Mexico  to  New  Mexico  all  the  necessaries  which  Your  Majesty 
sends  to  those  Churches,!  one  goes  through  five  hundred  leagues,  and 
the  most  of  them  at  war  ide  guerra] ,  and  then,  to  reach  Quivira,  it 
is  necessary  to  travel  another  hundred  and  fifty  [leagues]  in  which 
Your  Majesty  will  pay  mare  expenses  than  the  principal  is  worth. 
And  all  this  is  saved  [by]  sending  it  in  a  light  vessel  from  the 
Havana  to  the  bay  of  Espiritu  Santo,  if  [that]  is  settled  up.    (48) 

SAINTI^Y  OFFICES  IN  WHICH  THE   REWGIOUS   BUSY  THEMSEI^VES. 

WEL/L<  may  it  be  inferred,  from  all  the  aforesaid,  how  shining 
[^luzidos]  are  the  toils  and  peregrinations  of  the  Religious 
of  my  Father  St.  Francis,  in  the  service  of  God  our  lyord. 
Since  not  only  have  they  taken  away  from  the  Demon  his 
empire  over  those  souls,  which  he  enjoyed  so  without  con- 
tradiction, but  that,  all  idolatry  and  adorations  of  the  demon  being 
taken  away,  only  the  I^ord  and  Creator  of  all  things  is  adored.  And 
where  nothing  appeared  but  estuf as:}:  (49)  of  idolatry,  today  all  the  land 
is  thick  [poblada;  populated]  with  very  sumptuous  and  beautiful 
[curiosos]  Temples,  which  the  Religious  have  built  and  put  so  much 
care  in  it  [the  building  of  them]  that  to  build  them  so  fine  [tales; 
such]  they  stripped  themselves  [se  deshazian\  of  that  which  Your 
Majesty  gives  them  for  their  sustenance  and  vesture.  (50)  The  con- 
tinuous occupation  which  they  have  is  [that]  of  Martha  and  Mary — 
like  Martha  following  the  active  life  ;  treating  \_curando\  the  sick  and 
sustaining  the  needy  poor,  for  this  [purpose]  causing  fields  to  be  sown 
and  cattle  raised.  And  with  this,  to  break  the  lands  for  the  Indians 
that  do  not  live  in  the  settlement.§  And  after  having  made  ||  them 
{the]  house,  and  the  entire  pueblo,  and  plowed  the  lands,  and  sowed 
them,  and  given  the  [Indians]  everything  necessary  for  those  first 
months,  they  bring  them  to  live  there,  like  [civilized]  people  [genie].^ 
Where  they  teach  them  to  pray  all  the  Christian  Doctrine,  and  good 
customs ;  [and]  even  so  [they  teach]  the  boys  to  read  and  write  and 
to  sing.  For  it  is  [a  thing  for  which]  to  praise  the  I^ord  to  see  in  so 
little  time  so  many  Chapels**  with  [de]  the  organ-chant.  And  even 
so  all  the  crafts  and  trades  for  human  use — such  as  tailors,  shoe- 
makers, carpenters,  blacksmiths,  and  the  rest,  in  which   they  are 

*N.  Y.P.I,.,  "Dutch." 
t  Iglesias.    N.  Y.  P.  Iv.,  "  Indies" ! 
X  N.  Y.  P.  L.,  "  Hot  houses." 

§  The  semi-nomadic  tribes— like  the  Apaches,  etc. — as  disting-uished  from  the  sed- 
entary, agricultural  pueblos. 
II  Hecho.    N.  Y.  P.  I,.,  "  ^iven." 
'iGente  is  used  in  Spanish  for  civilized  ^<ic>v\^. 
**OmittedbyN.  Y.P.I,. 


1*2  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

already  very  dexterous.  *  And  all  depends  upon  the  solicitude  and 
care  of  the  Religious  ;  for  if  he  were  to  fall  short  \J'altasse^ ,  all  this 
concert  would  cease,  and  all  the  civilized  [politico]  living-  in  which 
they  are  taught  after  our  fashion.  As  little  do  they  fall  short,  like 
Mary,  in  the  contemplative  life, which  is  the  monastic  state  that  they 
have  professed  ;  since  with  so  many  outside  occupations  in  the  admin- 
istering of  the  holy  Sacraments,  they  do  not  halt  from  one  pueblo  to 
another ;  for  there  is  not  a  Religious  who  has  not  under  his  charge 
four  and  five  pueblos.  [Yet]  they  live  in  such  sort  that  it  appears 
they  are  in  a  [religious]  community;  since  never  do  the  Matins  at 
midnight  fail,  and  the  other  hours  ;  and  high  Mass  at  its  time.  And 
the  monasteries  [are]  with  so  much  concert  that  they  appear  rather 
Sanctuaries  than  the  house  of  one  lone  Fraile,  and  [one]  with  so  con- 
tinuous occupations.  Their  fasts,  even  unto  [hastd]  the  Lent  of  the 
Benditos,f  never  fail ;  and  many  other  spiritual  exercises — wherewith 
they  have  so  edified  as  well  the  Spaniards  as  the  Indians,  that  they 
respect  them  as  if  [they  were]  Angels.  I  have  wished  to  touch  upon 
this  matter  thus  in  passing — avoiding  mention  [escusando  dezir]  of 
many  other  things  which  I  could — solely  that  Your  Majesty  may 
know  the  quality  and  virtue  of  those  your  Chaplains,  who  with  so 
much  gratefulness,  love  and  good-will,  commend  Your  Majesty 
to  God,  in  that  so  distant  corner  [rincon]  and  in  that  primitive 
Church.  Where  our  lyord  worketh  so  many  marvels,  and  whither 
Your  Majesty  ought  to  assist  with  all  favor  and  aid — as  well  for 
the  obligations  under  which  the  Church  put  Your  Majesty  by  the 
Bull  of  Alexander  Sixth,:}:  when  he  gave  you  these  Kingdoms  in  God's 
name  for  only  the  care  of  sustaining  there  our  holy  Catholic  Faith 
and  the  conversion  of  so  many  souls,  as  likewise  for  the  many  mercies 
Intercedes]  which  God  our  L<ord  doth  there  to  Your  Majesty  in  giving 
you  so  many  riches  as  we  have  discovered  in  the  Province  of  the  Pi- 
ros  (as  has  been  said)  and  in  this  Kingdom  of  the  Quivira  and  Aixaos. 
And  the  only  [thing]  that  is  lacking  to  enjoy  all  that  Monarchy 
[i.  e.,  profit  by  it]  is  to  settle  {poblar]  the  ports  by  which  may  be 
taken  out  so  much  riches,  and  that  there  be  somebody  to  develop 
[beneficie]  them.  For  it  is  certain  that  the  bars  [planchas]  of  silver 
have  not  to  jump  out  from  the  mine  ready-made  {no  han  de  salir  he- 
r//a5],  but  that  they  have  to  be  paid  for  and  carried  to  the  house. § 
It  is  enough  that  God  our  Lord  show  us  before  our  eyes  the  rich 
metals  ||  and  the  ports  through  which  we  have  to  enjoy  them. 

COAST  OF  THK  SOUTH   [SEA].  1j 

HAVING  treated  of  all  the  land  which  we  have  pacified  and 
converted  to  God  our  Lord  and  to  Your  Majesty,  on  this  side 
of  the  North  [Sea]  ,**  it  is  just  that  Your  Majesty  know  an- 
other treasure  which  has  been  safeguarded  for  youf f  more 
than  seventy  years  now.  And  after  [it  was]  discovered  and 
seen,  it  was  left  so  [as  it  was],  until  that  our  Lord  should  please  that 

*From  which  the  superintendents  of  some  of  oar  Indian  schools  mig-ht  ffain  a  few 
points  in  Industrial  education  instead  of  teacliinsr  the  Indian  youth  printinor,  draw- 
inar,  painting-,  tinning,  oratory,  etc.,  for  which  they  have  no  earthly  need  when  re- 
turned to  their  people,  while  the  textile  and  fictile  arts,  in  which  the  Indian  is  natur- 
ally adept,  are  slowly  but  surely  being  forg-otten,  although  vast  quantities  of  woven 
and  earthenware  products  are  annually  imported  from  European  and  Asiatic  mar- 
kets.   H 

t Three  Lents,  I  am  told,  are  kept  in  the  Catholic  church;  the  third  not  of  univer- 
sal obligation,  but  observed  by  the  most  devout.  This  is  the  Cuaresma  de  los  Ben- 
ditos,  or  Lent  of  the  Blessed. 

X  In  which  bull.  May  4, 1493,  that  pope  divided  the  New  World  between  Spain  and 
Portugal.    H. 

§  N.  Y.  P.  L.  is  unable  to  translate  this  clause  at  all. 

II  MetaUs.    N.  Y.  P.  L.,  "  mines." 

II  The  Pacific  Ocean.  N.  Y.  P.  L.,  "  Southern  Coast."  Probably  Benarides  ends 
here.— Ed.    **The  Atlantic.    ttN.  Y.  P.  L.. "  him." 


EARLY    WESTERN    HISTORY.  1^ 

its  hour  should  come.  It  must  be  seventy  years  since  the  Viceroy  of 
New  Spain,  Don  Antonio  de  Mendoza,  sent  the  Captain  Alonso  *  Vaz- 
quez Coronado  (51)  to  the  discovery  [or  exploration ;  descubrimiento 
meant  this  as  often  as  it  did  **  discovery  "]  of  the  coast  of  the  South 
[Sea] .  And  there  went  with  him  four  Relig-ious  of  my  Order,  f  And 
although  to  treat  of  these  nations  we  could  commence  from  New 
Mexico,  going  straight  to  the  South  [Sea] ;  or  from  the  road  to  New 
Mexico  at  the  last  pueblo  of  New  Spain,  which  is  the  valley  of  Santa 
Barbara  [in  Chihuahua,  now] ,  going  forth  to  the  West — which  is  to 
the  Occident,  as  the  land  is  all  contiguous  and  one  with  New  Mexico  ; 
and  as  no  other  Order  [Religion]  has  entered  into  it  except  that  of  my 
Father  St.  Francis,  which  at  the  cost  of  its  blood  has  given  tidings 
of  our  holy  Catholic  Faith — of  course  to  make  this  journey  it  is  not 
necessary  to  commence  from  the  [side  of]  New  Mexico,  but  [it  can  be 
done]  from  the  city  of  Mexico ;  it  appears  to  me  more  proper  to  com- 
mence from  this  city  and  reach  the  Province  [s]  of  Chiametla,  ( 52) 
Culuacan  and  Sinaloa  which  are  fifty  or  sixty  leagues  from  those 
[provinces]  of  Xalisco.  [One]  comes  to  strike  these  nations  in  the 
following  order  [forma] .     (53) 

VAI^IvBY  OF   SKNORA.      (54) 

I  SAY,  then,  that  going  forth  from  this  Province  of  Chiametla  and 
traveling  eighty  leagues  to  the  North,  always  keeping  near  and 
coasting  the  sea  of  the  South  [the  Pacific],  [one]  reaches  and  hits 
upon  [da]  the  Valley  of  Seiiora.  It  has  sixty  leagues  of  length 
and  ten  of  width  ;  through  the  midst  of  which  passes  a  very  wide^ 
River.  [It  is]  a  land  very  fertile  in  plantings,  and  settled  up  with 
many  settlements.  §  The  first  pueblo  is  called  [Pueblo]  of  the  Cora- 
zones  [Hearts],  on  account  of  the  many  [hearts]  of  deer  which  there 
they  presented  to  our  [people].  (55)  This  pueblo  has  seven  hundred 
houses  very  well-ordered ;  and  the  climate  [temple]  of  the  country 
is  very  delectable  [deleitable] . 

AGASTAN.      (56) 

AT  six  leagues  outward  from  this  pueblo,  in  the  same  direction 
[i.  e.,  north] ,  is  another  called  Agastan,  which  is  greater  than 
the  former  [passado] .     And  round  about,  and  through  all  this 
valley,  are  many  pueblos.     But  the  principal  [one] ,  which  is 
where  the  Cazique  of  this  Kingdom  ministers  [assiste] ,  is  of 
three  thousand  houses  very  good  and  sightly.     And  as  well  in  this 
[pueblo]  as  in  the  rest,  they  have  their  Temples  of  idolatry,  very 
sightly;  and  sepulchres  where  they  inter  their  principal  persons. 

[TO   BE   CONCI^UDED.] 


NOTES   BY   FREDERICK  WEBB  HODGE. 

44.  See  the  preceding  note  on  the  Jumanos  in  which  is  recorded  a 
reference  to  the  "miracle  "  reputed  by  these  people  in  1683  to  have 
been  handed  down  by  their  forefathers,  but  which  subsequently 
proved  to  be  only  a  ruse  to  induce  the  missionaries  to  pass  them 
through  the  Apache  lines.  The  picture  of  the  nun  was  in  possession 
of  Fray  Garcia  de  San  Francisco  y  ^uniga  (the  founder  of  the  mis- 
sion of  Socorro),  according  to  Vetancurt,  who  recounts  the  occur- 
rence.    As  Benavides  remarks,  Salas  and  Lopez  proceeded   to   the 

*  In  fact,  Francisco.    tSee  note.    X  Ancho.    N.  Y.  P.  L.,  "  deep." 
§  N.  Y.  P.  L., "  a  great  population  ''''—{muchas  poblaciones.) 


^^  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

Jumano  country,  whence  they  brought  back  an  unknown  number  of 
those  Indians,  settling  them  near  Quarra,  from  which  pueblo  they 
were  administered.  Benavides  erred  concerning  the  identity  of  the 
nun.  It  was  not  Louisa  of  Carri6n,  but  the  celebrated  Mother  Maria 
de  Jesus  (1602-1665),  abbess  of  the  Convent  of  the  Immaculate  Con- 
ception of  Agreda,  in  the  province  of  Soria,  Spain.  Salas  and  L/Opez 
verified  the  statement  that  the  nun  appeared  repeatedly  to  the  Indi- 
ans after  their  arrival  at  Quarrd  ;  and  as  Maria  was  27  years  of  age 
at  this  time,  the  Indians  were  not  very  wide  of  the  mark  in  claiming 
that  their  mystic  was  younger  (but  whether  handsomer  we  are  not 
informed)  than  the  venerable  Mother  Louisa  of  Carri6n.  After  re- 
turning to  Spain  Benavides  held  converse  with  the  nun  of  Agreda  (in 
her  presence,  it  is  assumed)  learning  that  the  miraculous  manifesta- 
tions of  which  he  had  heard  from  the  Jumanos  were  true,  because 
the  nun  told  him  so,  and  that  she  had  the  power  to  transplant  herself 
as  often  as  needs  be  and  to  communicate  with  the  natives  in  their 
respective  tongues,  although  she  seemed  to  be  at  a  loss  to  understand 
a  word  of  these  languages  unless  on  the  ground.  Benavides  ad- 
dressed a  letter  on  the  subject  to  the  friars  of  New  Mexico,  which 
later  fell  into  the  hands  of  Vetancurt  and  is  now  in  possession  of  the 
John  Carter  Brown  Library  at  Providence,  R.  I.  It  is  printed  in 
Palou's  Fida  de  Junipero  Serra  (Mexico,  1787),  together  with  a  com- 
munication from  the  lady  herself.  It  may  be  of  interest  to  know 
that  this  well  meaning  Maria  de  Jesus  wrote  a  life  of  the  Virgin 
Mary  which  she  claimed  to  be  the  result  of  divine  revelation ;  never- 
theless it  was  characterized  as  indecent  by  the  celebrated  prelate, 
Bossuet,  and  was  condemned  by  the  Sorbonne.  (See  page  52,  Jan- 
uary number.) 

45.  The  lapes  and  Xabatoas  are  not  identifiable,  but  they  were  no 
doubt  small  divisions  of  the  Caddoan  linguistic  stock,  whose  prin- 
cipal range  during  the  last  two  or  three  centuries  was  Texas  and  the 
present  Indian  Territory  and  Oklahoma,  but  at  an  early  period  it  ex- 
tended northward  into  Kansas.  That  Quivira  was  the  country  of  the 
Wichitas,  also  of  Caddoan  aflinity,  and  the  only  tribe  of  the  plains 
that  occupied  grass  lodges,  has  been  shown  by  the  present  writer  in 
a  paper  bearing  the  title  "Coronado's  March  to  Quivira,"  in  Vol.  II 
of  J.  V.  Brower's  Memoirs  of  Explorations  in  the  Basin  of  the 
Mississippi,  St.  Paul,  1899,  pp.  29-73.  The  name  Quivira  first  appears 
in  the  narratives  of  Coronado's  Expedition  (see  Winship,  *'The 
Coronado  Expedition,  1540-1542,"  in  the  Fourteenth  Annual  Report 
of  the  Bureau  of  Ethnology)  y  the  route  of  which  from  the  Rio  Grande 
in  New  Mexico,  through  the  buffalo  plains,  thence  northward  to 
Arkansas  river  and  beyond,  in  the  present  Kansas,  is  now  generally 
well  known.  It  is  also  generally  well  understood  that  the  Wichitas 
gfradually  drifted  southward  to  the  vicinity  of  the  Wichita  mountains 
— a  movement  that  was  probably  in  progress  during  Benavides's 
time,  for  his  Quivira  seems  to  have  been  further  southward  than 
during  the  previous  century,  i.e.,  the  Wichitas  had  probably  aban- 


EARLY    WESTERN    HISTORY.  145 

doned  the  Arkansas  and  Smoky  Hill  country  of  Kansas,  where  they 
were  met  on  the  north  by  their  kindred,  the  Pawnees,  and  during-  the 
beginning  of  the  second  quarter  of  the  17th  century  were  150  leagues 
(about  400  miles)  due  east  from  Santa  F6,  or  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
Cimarron  or  the  Canadian  river  in  Oklahoma,  just  north  of  the 
mountains  to  which  the  Wichitas  lent  their  name.  The  Aixaos  men- 
tioned by  Benavides  were  evidently  not  the  inhabitants  of  the  prov- 
ince called  **  Harahey"  by  Jaramillo,  and  *'  Harale"  by  the  Relacion 
del  Suceso  (see  Winship,  op.cit.)  which  adjoined  the  Quivira  province 
in  1541,  and  which  I  have  identified  with  the  Pawnee  country;  but 
more  likely  the  "Haxa,"  who,  while  on  the  Texas  plains,  Coronado 
learned  were  further  east  from  where  his  army  then  was.  I  am  in- 
clined to  think  that  the  Aixaos  (or  Haxas)  were  the  Aish  (Aix,  Ayas, 
Aij,  etc.,  etc.),  a  tribe  of  the  Caddo  confederacy  which  lived  in  past- 
ern Texas,  and  was  gathered  in  the  mission  of  San  Augustine  by 
Padre  Fray  Antonio  Margil  de  Jesus  prior  to  1717.  lyater  they  were 
said  to  have  lived  on  a  bayou  bearing  their  name  (Ayish  bayou), 
crossed  by  the  road  from  Natchitoches  to  the  Nacogdoches,  about  12 
miles  west  of  the  Sabine  river.  In  1782  they  were  reported  to  number 
20  families,  near  the  river  mentioned  ;  by  1805  they  were  near  the 
Nacogdoches.  Four  years  later  there  were  said  to  have  been  only  25 
survivors,  and  by  1820  these  were  reduced  to  20,  on  Angelina  river. 
It  is  also  stated  that  in  1828  the  **  Aix"  had  160  families,  lived  be- 
tween the  Brazos  and  the  Colorado,  and  were  allies  of  the  Comanches, 
Tawakonis,  and  others.  The  last  given  population  probably  included 
other  Caddoan  divisions.  On  Caddo  authority  the  Aish  in  1881  were 
said  to  form  a  clan  of  that  tribe.  Those  known  as  Caddo  now 
number  about  500  on  the  Kiowa,  Comanche  and  Wichita  reservation, 
Oklahoma.  Benavides,  it  will  be  seen,  placed  the  Aixaos  30  or  40 
leagues  east  of  Quivira,  or  in  Southern  Indian  Territory ;  but  as 
directions  and  distances  are  usually  only  approximated  by  our  author, 
especially  in  those  parts  not  personally  visited  by  him,  the  location 
of  the  province  discussed  was  probably  much  more  southeastwardly, 
in  Eastern  Texas,  where  its  inhabitants,  the  Aish,  dwelt  within  the 
present  century. 

46.  It  was  the  greed  for  gold,  be  it  remembered,  that  led  Coronado 
on  his  wild-goose  chase  across  the  plains  some  ninety  years  before. 
Of  course  he  found  none  ;  and,  indeed,  it  is  very  doubtful  if  the  na- 
tives, even  in  Benavides's  time,  knew  what  gold  was.  All  references 
to  mineral  wealth,  therefore,  should  be  taken  cunt  grano  salts,  and 
our  author's  entire  allusion  to  the  subject  taken  as  an  appeal  for 
means  to  colonize  and  christianize  the  region  in  hope  of  an  adequate 
return  in  worldly  possessions  at  least. 

47.  Captain  Vincente  Gonzales  is  mentioned  by  Alexander  Brown, 
in  his  First  Republic  in  America  (1898),  pp.  88  and  91,  as  one  who,  '*  in 
former  days"  (i.e.,  prior  to  1609),  went  with  a  ship  probably  to  the 
mouth  of  the  James  river,  Virginia.  Aside  from  this,  I  have  not 
found  trace  of  the  gallant  Portuguese  pilot.  It  is  not  improbable 
that  the  ill-fated  colony  of  Jamestown  was  the  one  alluded  to  by 
Benavides. 

48.  As  Benavides  intimates,  he  derived  his  information  from  the 
maps  of  the  period,  imperfect  though  they  were,  rather  than  from 
personal  knowledge,  since  there  is  no  evidence  that  he  ever  went  east 
of  the  Piro  and  Tigua  pueblos  of  the  Salinas.  His  plan  was  to  save 
the  time,  trouble  and  expense  of  sending  men  and  supplies  over  the 
terrible  land  route  from  the  city  of  Mexico  to  the  New  Mexican  set- 
tlements by  establishing  a  post  on  Matagorda  bay  (called  EJspiritu 
Santo  by  the  Spaniards,  and  later  Baye  St.  lyouis  by  the  French),  in 
Eastern  Texas,  or,  as  he  states,  on  the  coast  between  Florida  and  the 
port  of  Tampico,  Mexico.     The  name  Espiritu  Santo  (Holy  Spirit) 


146  LAND    OF   SUNSHINE. 

was  a  favorite  one  with  the  Spaniards,  for  it  was  applied  also  to  the 
Mississippi  and  to  the  small  bay  into  which  it  was  supposed  to  dis- 
charge, as  well  as  to  Tampa  Bay — all  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  In  his 
latitude  of  Matag-orda  bay  Benavides  was  only  about  30'  out  of  the 
way.  The  entire  project  would  have  been  all  very  well  had  the  over- 
land route  not  been  already  blazed,  and  had  Benavides  been  able  to 
induce  his  superiors  to  regard  more  favorably  his  wonderful  stories 
of  wealth  in  gold  and  buffalo  products.  At  any  rate,  Benavides's 
foresight  is  shown  by  the  fact  that  fifty-five  years  later  (in  1685) 
Robert  Cavelier,  Sieur  de  la  Salle,  established  his  Fort  Francois,  in 
the  name  of  the  King  of  France,  at  the  point  which  Benavides  had 
recommended  to  the  Spanish  crown.  Our  author's  "  San  luan  de 
lyua"  (San  Juan  de  Uliia)  had  recently  been  established  on  a  small 
island  off  Vera  Cruz  in  defense  of  that  important  seaport.  It  was 
the  last  Spanish  possession  on  the  North  American  mainland,  capitu- 
lating Nov.  18,  1825. 

49.  EsTUFAS. — These  are  the  ceremonial  chambers,  generally  iso- 
lated from  the  communal  structures,  sometimes  partially  or  wholly 
underground.  It  is  probable  that  in  early  times  they  were  inhabited 
regularly  by  the  men,  the  dwelling-houses  belonging  then  as  now  to 
the  women.  They  are  still  occupied  for  days  at  a  time  by  men  and 
boys  while  performing  tribal  religious  functions  or  undergoing  per- 
sonal fasting  or  purification.  These  chambers  are  still  popularly 
called  estufas  (literally  "stoves"),  but  the  more  appropriate  term 
kiva,  the  Hopi  name,  has  come  to  be  generally  used  by  ethnologists  to 
designate  all  such  structures  among  the  pueblos.  The  chroniclers  of 
Coronado's  expedition  make  various  allusions  to  kivas,  one  of  the 
most  interesting  of  which  is  that  of  Castaneda,  who  says,  *'The 
young  men  live  in  the  estufas,  which  are  in  the  yards  of  the  village. 
They  are  underground,  square  or  round,  with  five  pillars.  Some 
were  seen  with  twelve  pillars,  and  with  four  in  the  center  as  large  as 
two  men  could  stretch  around.  They  usually  had  three  or  four  pillars. 
The  floor  was  made  of  large,  smooth  stones,  like  the  baths  which 
they  have  in  Europe.  They  have  a  hearth  made  like  the  binnacle  or 
compass-box  of  a  ship,  in  which  they  burn  a  handful  of  thyme  (sage- 
brush) at  a  time  to  keep  up  the  heat,  and  they  can  stay  in  there  just 
as  in  a  bath.  The  top  was  on  a  level  with  the  ground.  Some  that 
were  seen  were  large  enough  for  a  game  of  ball."  (Winship's 
Coronado,  pp.  520-521.  See  also  pp.  405,  511,  518,  569,  587.)  It  is 
not  unusual,  in  at  least  most  of  the  pueblos,  for  the  natives  to  attend 
a  Christian  service  conducted  in  a  church  by  a  white  priest,  and  on 
the  same  day  to  perform  a  ceremony!of  their  own  as  pagan  in  charac- 
ter as  if  they  had  never  been  in  contact  with  christianizing 
influences. 

50.  A  similar  occurrence  is  noted  by  Bancroft  (Hist.  Ariz,  and 
N.  Mex.,  p.  248,  note),  who  states,  on  documentary  authority,  that 
in  1750  Padre  Delgado,  a  missionary  among  the  Navaj6,  gave  away 
his  clothes  and  begged  his  superior  for  more — old  ones,  not  new — so 
that  he  might  with  decency  meet  people.  This  is  but  another  in- 
stance in  kind.  The  padres  were  not  prone  to  complain  of  their  in- 
conveniences or  even  of  their  many  sufferings,  which,  in  accordance 
with  their  vows,  they  rather  courted  than  aimed  to  escape. 

51.  The  oft-cited  expedition  of  Francisco  Vazquez  Coronado  is  so 
well  known  to  the  reader  of  this  magazine  that  even  a  brief  review 
of  what  that  celebrated  explorer  accomplished  seems  needless  here. 
For  a  full  account  see  Winship's  admirable  memoir,  with  the  original 
documents  and  a  list  of  works  bearing  on  the  subject  in  the  Four- 
teenth Annual  Report  of  the  Bureau  of  Ethnology,  Washington, 
18%,  and  for  supplementary  information  on  the  route  pursued,  the 
present  annotator's  paper  '*  Coronado's  March  to  Quivira,"  in  J.  V. 


EARLY    WESTERN    HISTORY.  147 

Brewer's  Memoirs  of  ^Exploration  in  the  Basin  of  the  Mississippi, 
Vol  II,  St.  Paul,  1899.  The  Memorial  erroneously  gives  *'  Alonso" 
instead  of  Francisco  as  Coronado's  first  name. 

52.  I^ike  all  the  early  Spanish  writers  on  the  region,  Benavides 
uses  the  term  provincia  very  loosely  ;  it  may  refer  to  a  single  native 
settlement  or  a  group  of  settlements  within  a  comparatively  limited 
range,  but  usually  the  name  is  employed  to  designate  the  habitat  of 
a  people  speaking  a  common  language  so  far  as  known.  The  name 
**  Chiametla"  still  survives  in  Rio  Chametla  in  the  southeastern  part 
of  the  State  of  Sinaloa ;  Culiacan  is  in  the  central  portion  of  the 
same  State,  and  the  town  of  Sinaloa  (formerly  the  capital)  in  the 
northwestern  part.  San  Miguel  Culiacan  was  founded  in  1531,  by 
Nuiio  de  Guzman,  near  the  site  of  the  present  town  of  San  Miguel 
Culiacan.  It  is  of  interest  in  the  present  connection  as  having  been 
the  point  whence  Coronado  had  planned  to  communicate  with  the 
fleet  under  Alarcon,  and  the  home  of  the  chief  chronicler  of  the  ex- 
pedition, Pedro  de  Castaneda  de  Najera,  as  well  as  of  Melchior  Diaz, 
a  prominent  member  of  the  expedition,  who  was  formerly  mayor  of 
the  town. 

53.  There  is  good  reason  for  supposing  that  here  ends  the  Memo- 
rial as  originally  submitted  by  Benavides  to  Santander,  for  it  can 
hardly  be  conceived  that  Fray  Alonso  could  have  been  guilty  of  in- 
corporating in  his  relaciofty  without  knowing  it,  an  unreliable  account 
of  Coronado's  discoveries  in  the  very  country  in  which  he  himself 
had  been  missionizing  for  some  seven  years.  Indeed,  in  the  closing 
paragraph  of  the  Memorial,  as  published,  Santander  directly  alludes 
to  a  certain  inform^acion  juridica  "  and  other  authentic  narrations 
which  the  Padre  Commissary-General  of  New  Spain  [Francisco  de 
Apodaca]  transmitted  to  w^,"  thus  practically  admitting  the  interpo- 
lation. It  is  difficult  to  imagine  that  the  descriptions  of  the  provinces 
of  "Tihues"  and  Quivira  and  of  the  *"  Marvelous  Crag"  of  Acoma, 
which  follow,  would  not  have  been  recognized  at  once  by  Benavides 
as  prominent  features  of  his  own  missionary  field,  even  if  "  Sibola'* 
were  not  recognizable  as  Zuni,  "Tuzayan"  as  the  Hopi  or  Moqui 
villages,  and  Cicuyo  or  Cycuyo  as  Pecos.  I  suspect  that  the  **  in- 
formation" sent  out  by  Apodaca  to  Santander  was  derived  from  a 
narration  of  Coronado's  expedition  then  extant  in  the  City  of  Mexico, 
but  of  which  we  now  know  nothing,  and  that  it  suffered  torture  in 
the  extracting.  My  reason  for  this  conclusion  is  the  fact  that  in  no 
other  sixteenth  or  seventeenth  century  source  have  I  thus  far  been 
able  to  find  the  forms  of  the  town  and  province  names  as  here  re- 
corded. Sibola,  Tuzayan,  Cicuyo  or  Cycuyo,  and  Tihues  are  new 
spellings  for  the  time,  while  Agastan  (which  sounds  suspiciously 
Nahuatlan)  as  the  name  of  an  Opata  settlement  in  Rio  Sonora 
Valley  appears  in  no  other  work  so  far  as  I  am  aware.  And  yet  it 
seems  impossible  that  such  atrocious  blunders  as  occur  in  this  account 
of  Coronado's  exploits  could  have  been  made  by  a  member  of  the 
expedition,  or  even  by  any  one  else  at  all  familiar  with  the  narra- 
tives. The  only  other  conclusion  possible  is  that  the  account  was  de- 
liberately contorted  to  cover  the  unknown  country  toward  the  Pacific 
simply  for  the  purpose  of  strengthening  the  appeal  to  the  King. 

54.  This  description  of  the  "Valley  of  Seiiora"  (i.e.,  the  present 
Sonora  Valley  in  the  Mexican  State  of  the  same  name)  does  not  coin- 
cide with  the  narratives  of  Coronado's  companions.  Castaneda 
gives  the  distance  as  150  leagues  from  Culiacan  to  Seiiora  Valley,  or 
300  leagues  ('*  perhaps  10  more  or  less")  from  Culiacan  to  Cibola 
(Zuni),  in  which  latter  figure  the  Relacion  Postrera  de  Sivola  agrees. 
The  Traslado  de  las  Nuevas  gives  "350  long  leagues"  (the  author 
probably  grew  weary  in  well  doing) ;  the  Relacion  del  Suceso  says  ISO 


148 


LAND    OF   SUNSHINE. 


leagues  from  Culiacan  to  Corazones  and  the  same  distance  from  the 
latter  to  Cibola,  while  Senora  valley  was  10  leagues  beyond  Cora- 
zones  valley.  In  another  place,  however,  this  document  asserts  that 
it  is  240  leagues  from  Culiacan  to  Cibola.  Whence  the  Memorial's 
notion  of  80  leagues  from  Chametla  to  Senora  valley  was  derived,  I 
fail  to  discover.  As  the  route  from  Culiacan  to  Senora  valley  ap- 
proximated 150  leagues,  while  Chametla  was  60  or  70  leagues  still 
farther  away,  the  MetnoriaV s  figure  is  only  about  a  third  of  the  actual 
distance  traveled  between  the  points  named  by  it.  As  to  the  length 
of  Senora  valley  the  authorities  disagree,  because  the  valley  of  the 
Rio  Sonora  was  divided  by  the  chroniclers  into  Corazones,  Senora  and 
Suya  valleys,  which  in  all  probability  were  along  one  and  the  same 
stream — the  Rio  Sonora  (see  "Coronado's  March  to  Quivira,"  op. 
cit.),  Jaramillo,  for  example,  says  that  Senora  valley  *'  continues  for 
6  or  7  leagnes,  a  little  more  or  less."  The  Memorials  statement  of 
the  length  (60  leag-ues)  is  not  far  out  of  the  way. 

55.  "  Our  people  "  here  refers  to  Alvar  Nuiiez  Cabega  de  Vaca  and 
his  companions  who  reached  this  point,  after  years  of  wandering 
and  suffering,  early  in  1536.  The  exploit  of  Cabe^a  de  Vaca  does  not 
concern  us  here.  For  a  good  popular  account  see  The  Spanish 
Pioneers,  by  Charles  F.  Lrummia  ;  and  for  the  narrative  itself,  the 
Relacion  of  Alvar  Nunez  Cabega  de  Vaca,  translated  from  the  Span- 
ish by  Buckingham,  Smithy  New  York,  1871,  from  which  the  following- 
extract  is  made :  **  In  the  town  where  the  emeralds  were  presented  to 
us  the  people  gave  Dorantes  over  six  hundred  open  hearts  of  deer. 
They  ever  keep  a  good  supply  of  them  for  food,  and  we  called  the 
place  Pueblo  de  los  Corazones.  It  is  the  entrance  into  many  prov- 
inces on  the  South  sea.  They  who  go  to  look  for  them  and  do  not 
enter  there,  will  be  lost"  (p.  172).  Smith,  the  translator,  identifies 
Corazones  with  "Tekora",  after  Padre  Francisco  Javier  Alegre's 
identification  with  "  Yecora,"  but  these  are  evidently  errors,  as 
neither  of  the  two  settlements  named  Yecora  (one  a  Nevome,  the 
other  an  Opata  village)  was  on  the  Rio  Sonora  or  "Senora."  The 
present  annotator  has  arrayed  sufficient  evidence,  it  is  believed,  to 
establish  the  location  of  Corazones  at  or  near  the  present  Ures  (see 
**  Coronado's  March  from  Culiacan  to  Quivira,"  op.  cit.).  The  Memo- 
rial is  the  only  known  writing  to  give  the  definite  size  of  Corazones 
at  so  early  a  period. 

56.  As  hitherto  stated,  this  great  pueblo  (if  it  ever  existed)  is 
not  identifiable  with  any  settlement  known  to  history.  The  valley 
of  the  Sonora  was  inhabited  by  the  Opatas,  a  Piman  tribe,  one  of 
whose  villages  was  Ures  (Corazones).  Six  leagues  up  stream  would 
not  bring  one  to  any  known  town  of  importance,  during  the  coloniza- 
tion at  least.  Suaqui  and  Babiacora  were  the  first  noteworthy  settle- 
ments of  the  Opata  going  up  the  valley  from  Ures,  but  these  lay  at  a 
considerable  distance. 


149 


[f5?2.<^" 


•<«3^ 


•Mt^lB^ 


IN  THE 

LION'S  DEN 


■Mm4^^mmmm'mi^wm<. 


The  Queen  is  dead— God  rest  her !     It  is  not  necessarily  THE  LIGHT 
next  American  lips  to  add  the  courtier's  "  lyong-  live  the  WHICH  BEATS  UPON 
King- !"    It  depends.    Respect  and  good  will  "  the  Widow  o'  A  THRONE. 

Windsor"  has  had  of  us  abundantly — but  for  her  character,  not  for 
her  place  ;  not  because  she  was  a  monarch,  but  because  she  was  a 
good  one.  Our  futile  snobs  do  not  count ;  the  true  American  has 
honored  and  felt  tender  toward  this  unpretentious  woman,  of  a  stock 
never  famed  in  history  for  intellect — and  none  too  often  for  morals — 
who  has  broug-ht  a  new  and  better  tradition  to  the  name  of  royalty. 
She  has  given  England  not  only  its  longest  reign,  but  one  of  the 
simplest,  cleanest  and  least  arrogant  in  all  the  history  of  monarchies. 
She  has  cleansed  the  whole  moral  atmosphere  of  Eiuropean  courts  ; 
and  after  so  long  a  habituation  to  decency  it  is  doubtful  if  any  very 
serious  steps  backward  will  be  tolerated.  What  a  regeneration — 
from  the  bestial  Georges  to  the  motherly  Queen  !  But  there  has 
been  almost  as  great  a  change  in  prerogative. 

Within  the  pregnant  span  of  63  years,  since  the  untried   THE  RINGING 
young  girl  put  on  the  crown  of  I^ngland,  her  kingdom  has  GROOVES 

become  an  E^mpire  in  name  ;  in  fact  one  of  the  great  democ-  OP  CHANGE, 

racies.  The  Queen  reigned,  but  did  not  rule — the  politicians  have 
come  up.  Within  Victoria's  reign  PJngland  has  waged  some  dozens 
of  the  least  creditable  wars  in  a  long  and  bloody  history ;  but  not 
one  for  the  greed  or  revenge  or  folly  of  the  monarch  !  How  the 
throne  has  shrunken  since  war  was  at  the  monarch's  word  I  And  to 
Englishmen  whose  reverence  for  the  good  dead  woman  is  real  and 
not  a  superstition,  there  is  something  to  remember  in  the  notorious 
fact  that  England's  present  war  was  against  the  Queen's  will,  and 
was  forced  upon  her  by  cheap  politicians  whom  no  Englishman  con- 
sciously reveres,  and  whom  the  world  does  not  respect.  Nor  is 
there  any  reason  to  doubt  the  iterant  report  that  the  Boer  war  was 
a  constant  heavy  grief  to  her  and  probably  shortened  her  life.  It 
has  been  enough  to  grieve  a  worse  woman. 

Full  of  years  and  of  honors,  the  venerable  Queen  of  Great    THE  PLACE 
Britain  and  Empress  of  India  has  gone  to  her  rest.     In  her         THAT  ONCE 
stead   reigns  the  son  of  her  body  but  not  of  her  example  KNEW  HER. 

— perhaps  the  only  royalty  in  Europe  whose  life  has  been  absolutely 
untouched  by  the  homely  decency  of  his  mother.  And  in  the  person- 
ality of  Edward  VII  lies  a  kernel  of  the  things  that  make  history. 
The  end  of  the  monarchical  figureheads  is  not  yet  ;  but  he  will 
hasten  it.  It  is  a  safety  of  England  that  she  is  as  conservative  as  a 
savage  clan.  She  will  cling  to  the  outward  tradition — she  has  al- 
ready clung — long  past  the  loss  of  its  meaning.  But  she  cannot  cling 
forever.  I^ike  Santa  Glaus,  the  tradition  of  the  Divine  Right  is  a 
comfort  there  is  no  way  to  avoid  outgrowing. 

A  test,  whose  sharpness  is  little  hinted  aloud,  is  now  upon    THE 
England.     In  place  of  a  Queen  who  for  three  score  years  TEST  OP 

was  the  quiet  model  of  *'  the  domestic  virtues"  and  of  clean  TRUTH, 

life  ;  who  gave  Europe  its  longest  example  of  respectability  at  court 


150  LAND    OF   SUNSHINE 

— in  her  place  is  the  person  whose  only  distinction  thus  far  has  been 
as  the  First  Blackguard  of  Europe  ;  the  most  wholesale  adulterer 
alive,  a  set  gambler,  a  debauchee  so  unmeasured  that  his  wife — as 
clean  a  woman  as  his  mother,  and  more  intellectual  —  has  been 
forced  for  years  to  withdraw  herself  from  his  besotted  intimacy.  It 
is  not  a  little  thing  that  can  dare  the  conventions  which  press  so 
heavily  on  royalty.  Nor  is  it  anywhere  of  record  that  the  Queen 
mother  of  this  royal  rake  has  blamed  her  daughter-in-law,  even  by 
the  implication  of  asking  her  to  forgive. 

"WEJHAVE  This  tremendous  change  in  the  personality  and  atmosphere 

CHANGED  of  the  throne  is  made  amid  the  hush  of  reverent  grief  ;  but 

ALL  THAT."  it  is  to  be  tested  in  the  pitiless,  commonplace  tension  of 
actual  wear.  We  are  assured  that  England  loved  the  Queen — as  the 
world  did — less  because  she  was  Queen  than  because  she  was  good. 
We  shall  see,  presently,  whether  this  was  true  or  not.  King  Edward, 
indeed,  has  by  now  pretty  well  exhausted  the  calendar  possibilities 
of  debauchery.  Old  age  may  take  the  place  of  virtue  in  the  formal 
act ;  but  he  will  not  change  his  fiber.  He  will  never  stand  an  exam- 
ple of  clean,  decent,  manly  manhood,  for  he  has  nothing  of  that  to 
stand  on.  He  has  less  intellect  than  any  public  man  in  England ; 
less  morals  than  the  average  peasant.  All  that  can  save  him  will  be 
the  impotency  of  his  years  and  the  uplift  of  kingly  traditions,  such 
as  they  are.  And  as  the  fiction  of  the  Divine  Right  of  Kings  is  grown 
threadbare  the  world  over,  the  student  looking  forward  must  find  a 
problem  worthy  of  his  best  ingenuity  in  the  lateral  strain  between 
that  fine  stern  loyalty  of  Englishmen  to  a  tradition  and  the  new 
hard  test  that  has  come  upon  them  who  are,  perhaps,  more  changed 
than  they  know  by  the  republicanization  of  the  century  and  by  the 
new  standards  of  royal  decency  which  a  clean  woman  has  enforced 
throughout  that  century's  larger  part. 

MO  It  would  be  vastly  funny,  if  it  were  not  so  humiliating,  to 

TROUBLE  read  the  average  press  gossips  about    **  the    troubles    at 

AT  ALL.  Stanford  University."  It  is,  unhappily,  the  sort  of  thing 
the  American  people  are  expected  to  take  as  news. 

As  a  matter  of  fact,  Stanford  has  no  "  troubles."  Those  that  she 
had,  she  has  quietly,  firmly,  and  most  properly  got  rid  of.  She  has 
made  a  needed  weeding-out  of  undignified,  unbalanced,  cynical  and 
disloyal  elements ;  and  is  far  stronger  and  far  better  off  for  the 
elimination. 

WHERE  The    only    **  trouble"    is   in    some    newspaper  oflfices — the 

THERE  IS  natural  sanctuary,  of  course,  for  all  real  concern  as  to  the 

TROUBLE,  integrity  of  universities.  As  to  one  of  these  newspapers — 
the  one  through  which  has  come  practically  all  the  sensational  silli- 
ness and  untruth  telegraphed  broadcast — it  was  notorious  a  couple 
of  years  ago,  that  Mrs.  Stanford  prevented  (or  helped  to  prevent) 
its  owner  from  becoming  U.  S.  Senator  from  California.  Now  is  its 
time  to  get  even.  As  to  the  other  papers  which  have  printed  foolish 
comments — based  on  its  dispatches — they  are  probably  troubled  by 
nothing  more  serious  than  the  common  habit  of  jumping  at  conclu- 
sions and  owling  over  things  guessed-at ;  along  with  a  certain  pro- 
fessional distrust  of  a  **  rival"  more  than  suspected  of  impertinence. 
What  need  of  universities,  anyhow,  when  the  Press  is  here  to  educate 
us  ?  Whether  it  is  because  the  professor  gets  bigger  pay,  or  because 
he  has  **  a  surer  job,"  or  because  he  is  more  respected,  we  arc  all 
familiar  with  the  fact  that  the  average  reporter  has  a  more  or  less 
conscious  hostility  to  college  professors — until  they  can  be  used 
against  the  college.     Perhaps  he  is  not  to  be  blamed. 


IN     FHE    LION'S    DEN.  151 

The  case   of  Prof.  Ross  was  truly — and  very  mildly — set      FOUND 
forth  in  these  pag-es  two  months  ag-o.    Meantime  Prof.  Ross  HIS 

has  found  his  place.     President  Andrews,  whose  familiar  LEVEI*. 

career  naturally  gives  him  a  fellow-feeling-,  has  created  a  position 
for  him  in  the  University  of  Nebraska.  There  he  will  doubtless  be 
absolutely  "  Free."  He  need  not  be  pursued  ;  but  a  little  more  must 
be  said  of  him  for  necessary  light  upon  the  sequel. 

In  the  "  first  Bryan  campaign,"  four  years  ago,  Prof.  Ross    MATTERS 
was  not  only  a  loud  partisan  of  Bryan.     He  published  a  OF 

campaign  book  of  very  much  the  caliber,  good  taste  and  TASTE, 

common  sense  of  "  Coin"  Harvey's  notorious  production.  It  was 
entitled  An  Honest  Dollar;  and  was  not  from  plain  Ross,  but  *'  By 
Edward  A.  Ross,  Professor  of  EJconomics  in  the  Iceland  Stanford,  Jr., 
University."  That  is,  he  used  his  place  to  give  him  weight  he  had 
not ;  and  made  a  non-sectarian,  non-partisan,  dignified  university 
forcible  and  unconsulted  partner  in  his  unbaked,  slangy,  and  essen- 
tially vulgar  deliverance,  "illustrated"  with  chopping-block  cuts  of 
famished  laboring  men  and  fat  bankers.  The  whole  production 
would  have  better  fitted  a  worker  in  the  Salvation  Army  than  a 
professor  of  anything  anywhere.  It  outraged  all  persons  of  taste 
who  saw  it ;  and  among  them  Mrs.  Stanford.  It  was  an  offense  to 
manners  and  balance.  Questions  of  party  did  not  enter.  That  this 
is  true  is  sufficiently  proved  by  the  well  known  fact  that  in  the  cam- 
paign just  ended  Prest.  Jordan  himself  was  strongly  against  the 
Administration's  foreign  policy,  and  spoke  out  more  freely,  more 
manfully  and  more  effectively  than  any  other  college  president  in 
America.  A  humor  of  the  case  is  that  the  newspapers  which  tried  in 
their  little  way  to  get  Mrs.  Stanford  to  silence  or  behead  him  for 
this  freedom  of  speech,  are  loudest  in  their  lamentations  over  the  un- 
derdone and  variable  Ross  as  a  martyr  to  free  speech  !  And  this,  by 
the  way,  Ross  himself  has  never  dared  pretend.  He  has  not  been 
particularly  reserved  in  his  "  defense" — but  all  the  talk  of  his  being 
dismissed  for  free  speech  or  at  the  behest  of  the  Money  Power  was 
invented  by  a  newspaper. 

The  day  after  the  Ross  episode  became  public.  Prof.  Geo.  E.    ^HE 
Howard,  head  of  the  history  department  at  Stanford,  gave         PI^OT 
his  class  a  rampant  harangue  apparently  intended  to  show  THICKENS, 

his  superiority  to  his  118  associates  in  the  faculty.  *'/  do  not  wor- 
ship St.  Market  street,"  said  the  wise  and  graceful  Dr.  Howard.  **/ 
do  not  reverence  Holy  Standard  Oil,  nor  do  /  doff  my  hat  to  the 
Celestial  Six  Companies." 

Now,  unless  Dr.  Howard  is  a  fool,  he  meant  by  this  select  "THE  P'INT 
language  that  he  was  better  than  the  company  he  kept.  IS  IN  THE 
He   meant— if    he    meant    anything— that    the    controlling  APPLICATION." 

forces  of  the  University  did  "worship"  and  "reverence"  and  "doff 
the  hat"  to  notorious  corporate  influences.  And  he  meant  it  not 
only  for  the  head  of  the  University,  but  for  as  many  of  the  faculty 
as  should  not  rebel  along  with  the  noble  Dr.  Howard.  Possibly  he 
overrated  Dr.  Howard's  importance.  The  faculty  did  not  follow  him. 
The  students  did  not  revolt.  The  insurrection  was  confined  to  Dr. 
Howard  and  the  newspapers. 

But  did  this  Superior  Person  resign  his  place  from  among    THE 
a  servile  and  supine  crowd  when  he  found  them  unkindled  ?         NITRIC  ACID 
Did  he  quit  his  salary  (which  I  presume  to  assert  was  about  TEST, 

twice  what  he  ever  received  before)  sooner  than  stay  in  his  slavish  en- 
vironment ?  Did  he  prove  himself  genuine,  even  if  a  trifle  underdone  ? 
Not  he.     He   kept  on   taking  the    "slave-driver's"  money   until  a 


152  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

patient  president — after  waiting  two  months  for  manhood  to  pene- 
trate him — required  either  his  apology  or  his  resignation.  Dr. 
Howard  could  not  see  anything  to  apologize  for,  either  to  good  taste, 
to  his  associates  or  superiors,  in  his  intemperate  remarks  ;  and  the 
place  he  had  clung  to  in  violation  of  what  he  pretended  were  his  con- 
victions, was  taken  from  him.  He  is  no  longer  a  professor  at  Stan- 
ford ;  and  Stanford  is  to  be  congratulated.  He  had  many  points  of 
a  good  man  ;  but  no  college  is  better  off  for  a  professor  who  cares  more 
for  his  salary  than  for  his  self-respect ;  and  no  man  cares  as  much 
for  his  self-respect  as  for  his  salary,  when  he  continues  to  draw  the 
latter  from  an  institution  he  deems  lacking  in  morals  or  manhood. 

AND  THEN  With  the  dismissal  of  Dr.  Howard— so  much  abler  a  man 

THE  than  Ross  that  it  is  difficult  to  think  of  him  as  victim  to  his 

DElvUGE.  friendly  emotions,  and  not  to  suspect  that  the  immature 
Ross  was  merely  curtain-raiser  for  a  heroic  drama  that  was  expected 
to  be  a  success  instead  of  the  flat  failure  it  is — and  the  timely  resig- 
nation of  two  or  three  minor  men,  this  campaign  of  stupid  men- 
dacity (if  lies  are  ever  less  than  stupid)  breaks  out  afresh.  From 
the  organs  of  Worry  for  Freedom  we  learn  that  there  is  "likely 
to  be  a  stampede  of  the  faculty "  at  Stanford.  ''Several  pro- 
fessors contemplate  'going  out  in  a  body  as  the  only  way  of  keep- 
ing their  self-respect  and  protesting  against  the  policy  which  renders 
academic  freedom  impossible."  The  students  will  probably  desert 
en  masse.  President  Jordan  is  in  "  nervous  prostration  over  the 
affair,"  and  has  to  be  lugged  off  by  friends.  Boo  to  a  goose  !  Evi- 
dently the  enemy  knows  as  little  of  a  Man  as  of  the  truth.  Jordan 
with  nervous  prostration  ! 

HAD  TO  Not  one  professor  who  gave  the  University  standing,  in- 

FLOCK  instead  of  getting  his  standing  from  the  University,  has 

ALONE.  given  symptoms  of  revolt.  The  men  like  Branner,  Kellogg 
and  their  peers — imagine  a  Ross,  or  a  Howard,  charging  ihem  with 
base  surrender  !  — are  serene.  They  have  no  quarrel  with  the  Presi- 
dent's intention — luckily  coupled  with  the  power — to  have  solidarity 
and  sense  in  the  faculty.  The  student  body  is  a  vigorous  unit  in 
supporting  the  president.  Many  liked  the  deposed  professors ;  but 
they  care  more  for  the  University.  They  were  even  boys  enough 
to  pitch  into  the  horsepond  the  only  undergraduate  thus  far  heard 
from  who  was  as  immature  as  his  hero.  It  was  an  impolite  and 
youthful  argumentum  ad  sophontorem ;  but  as  between  college 
boys  ducking  a  fool  classmate  and  college  professors  falling  into  the 
puddle  of  nonsense  themselves,  the  boys  have  the  better  of  it. 

SOME  It  is  at  least  comforting  to  reflect  that  the  same  Associated 

POETIC  Press  correspondent  who    has  broadcasted  so  many  con- 

JUSTICE.  genial  falsehoods  is  now  forced  to  telegraph  this  significant 
fact  as  to  the  temper  of  the  student-body  ;  and  on  its  heels  a  still 
more  significant  truth.  The  report  of  the  Stanford  Alumni  Com- 
mittee, appointed  to  investigate  this  matter,  shows  that  Prof.  Ross 
was  not  "fired"  for  Free  Speech  nor  for  criticising  the  Money 
Power ;  but  for  bad  taste,  lack  of  dignity  and  balance,  and  various 
'other  things  which  make  him  impossible  as  a  professor.  This  re- 
port settles  Prof.  Ross.  It  settles  Prof.  Howard.  It  settles  the 
newspaper  promoter  who  is  at  the  bottom  of  the  whole  sensation. 

LET  US  There  is  no  need  of  worrying  about  Stanford— though  the 

LOSE  aforesaid  Associated  Press  correspondent  sends  out  the  im- 

NO  SLEEP,    portant  news  that  one  fond  parent,  resident  in  some  portion 

of  California,  has  withdrawn  his  child  from  Stanford  and  sent  him 

or  her  to  Berkeley.    As  there  are  only  about  1499  students  left  at 


IN    THE    LION'S    DEN.  153 

Stanford,  the  news  is  weig-hty.  Students  *' want  in"  faster  than 
room  can  be  made  for  them  ;  and  as  Americans  are  not  all  fools, 
this  will  doubtless  continue  to  be  true. 

As  for  Mrs.  Stanford,  whom  the  L/ion  honors  as  the  only   THE  MOTHER 
rich  woman  in  America  who  ever  devoted  herself  absolutely         OF  THE 
to  a  University,  it  is  enoug-h  to  say  that  she  is  justified  of  UNIVERSITY, 

the  event.  Only  a  willful  liar  or  a  person  too  uninformed  to  be  en- 
titled to  speech,  would  ever  accuse  her  of  being-  a  plutocrat.  The 
very  Money  Power  she  is  accused  of  truckling  to  is  the  *'  crowd  "  she 
has  had  to  fig^ht  ever  since  the  Senator's  death.  Was  it  to  please  the 
Money  Power  that  she  gave  up  all  her  own  money  to  the  Univer- 
sity ? 

The  facts  as  to  this  matter  are  well  enough  known  to  everyone 
who  knows  the  modern  history  of  California  at  all.  And  all  who  can 
recognize  womanly  devotion,  lofty  ideals  and  a  very  rare  persistence 
and  hard  sense  in  pursuing  them,  will  be  glad  for  this  single-hearted 
woman  that  the  University  to  which  she  is  in  the  highest  sense  a 
mother  has  got  rid  of  the  men  who  could  not  fill  their  probational 
places  in  a  great  plan. 

Bven  as  at  Stanford,  so  also  in  the  University  of  California,    I^IKEWISE 
the  possession  of  an  actual  head  is  working  wonders.     We         THE  STATE 
cannot  be  too  thankful  for  the  influences — largely  individual  UNIVERSITY. 

— which  have  given  us  two  great  California  universities  in  generous 
rivalry,  in  place  of  one  unwakened  one.  It  was  the  beginning  of  an 
absolutely  new  era  in  education  on  this  Coast.  When  Stanford 
opened,  short-sighted  people  feared  the  State  University  would 
suifer.  Suffer  !  It  has  today  over  four  times  as  many  students  as  it 
had  then — and  something  more  important  still.  The  two  universi- 
ties have  six  times  as  many  undergraduates  as  the  one  had  ten  years 
ago.  The  graphic  proof  at  Stanford  of  the  virtue  of  presidential  re- 
sponsibility forced  Berkeley  to  waken  into  like  modernity.  A  new 
president  was  selected  ;  not  because  he  "lived  handy  "  (as  he  didn't), 
but  because  he  was  a  proved  man  big  enough  for  the  place.  Power 
unknown  to  his  predecessors  had  to  be  taken  from  the  politicians  and 
given  into  his  hands.  The  coming  of  Benj.  Ide  Wheeler  is  the  great- 
est thing  that  has  ever  befallen  the  University  of  California — incom- 
parably more  vital  than  any  numerical  growth  in  students  or  endow- 
ment. There  were  earnest  members  and  a  stout  body  ;  but  it  is  the 
head  that  gives  charaeter  to  man  or  college. 

Under  President   Wheeler's   broad,  tactful  and  vigorous    THE  BENEITS 
leadership  the   University  has   already  knitted  as  it   was  OF  HAVING 

never  knit  before.     It  is  better  than  ever  fitted  to  meet  the  A  HEAD, 

exigent  requirements  of  its  place  as  official  head  of  the  educational 
system  of  a  State  which  means  to  have  the  best.  It  has  already 
made  remarkable  advance  under  the  new  regime,  with  promise  of 
still  longer  strides. 

President  Wheeler's  first  biennial  report  to  the  G-overnor  is    SOME 
almost  startling  in  its  figures.     Berkeley  has  now  1895  un-         STARTLING 
dergraduates,  and  ranks  second  among  all  the  hundreds  of  FIGURES, 

colleges  in  the  United  States.  Only  Harvard  exceeds  it.  Its  total 
enrollment  is  3226 — far  ahead  of  Yale,  Cornell,  Chicago  and  Pennsyl- 
vania, two  and  a  half  times  as  many  as  Princeton.  It  is  growing  faster 
than  any  other  university  in  America  ;  and  in  1900  had  the  third- 
largest  summer-school.  The  percentage  of  college  students  to  total 
population  is  higher  in  California  than  in  any  other  State  of  the 
Union — one  to  every  419. 

Despite  Mrs.  Hearst's  many  munificences,  the  University  is  sorely 
in  need  of  funds.     Its  enrollment  has  grown  more  than  five  times  as 


154  LAND    OF   SUNSHINE. 

fast  as  its  income  ;  and  the  State  support,  generous  only  a  few  years 
ago,  is  now  wholly  inadequate  to  the  needs  of  the  vastly  increased 
student  body.  There  are  plenty  of  rich  Californians ;  and  Califor- 
nians,  rich  or  poor,  used  to  be  generous.  There  will  be  something 
to  quarrel  with  in  the  later  immigration  if  this  institution  shall  long 
lack  the  wherewithal  to  keep  in  the  van  of  progress. 

HAIL  One  of  those  malicious  little  tricks    the    mind    sometimes 

COLUMBIA  !  plays  on  its  nominal  owner,  as  if  to  assure  him  that  he 
doesn't  even  know  what  little  he  knows,  made  me  last  month 
credit  the  "Hall  of  Fame"  to  Columbia  College— which  of  course 
isn't  in  that  sophomoric  business.  It  is  the  New  York  University 
that  hath  done  this  thing.  The  only  serious  charge  I  know  against 
Columbia  is  that  it  stays  in  the  same  unregenerate  city  ;  but  even 
there  it  is  a  sober,  sane  and  admirable  college,  which  is  known  to 
fame.     And  here's  begging  its  pardon. 

SHALL  It  may,  of  course,  be  **  patriotism"  to  trust  the  politicians 

WE  BE  at  the  expense  of  our  eyes  and  brains  and  consciences  ;  but 

JUST?  if  so,  the  more  intelligence  a  man  has  the  less  possible  it  is 
for  him  to  be  a  patriot.  And  that  would  be  a  bad  outlook  for  a 
country  which  prides  itself  on  educating  its  citizens — since  the  faster 
it  succeeded  the  sooner  it  would  lose  their  respect  and  devotion. 

Looking  dispassionately  at  all  the  documents  which  have  thus  far 
come  from  the  Filipino  republic,  they  are  manly  documents.  We 
would  all  say  so  on  their  merits,  if  it  were  not  for  the  notion  that 
these  folks  are  "rebels"  against  an  allegiance  they  never  owed. 
The  latest,  a  petition  from  2000  Filipinos  which  was  presented  in 
Congress  last  month,  is  a  paper  no  unprejudiced  American  can  read 
without  some  stir  inside  him.  It  sounds  very  much  as  if  these  people 
really  cared  for  Freedom,  and  thought  we  were  depriving  them  of  it. 
Now,  who  is  the  judge  of  Freedom — the  man  it  concerns,  or  his 
master  ?  The  master's  superior  morals  and  brains — if  he  has  them — 
have  nothing  to  do  with  the  case.  Freedom  is  to  have  no  master 
save  yourself.  If  a  good  and  great  nation  can  own,  against  its 
will,  a  small  and  ignorant  one,  why  cannot  a  good,  wise  man  sell 
and  boss  a  man  who  is  stupid  and  naughty  ?  Were  we  fools  when  we 
spent  billions  of  treasure  and  a  quarter  of  a  million  lives  to  settle 
that  even  a  good  man  had  no  right  under  heaven  and  the  Amer- 
ican Constitution  to  own  the  meanest  "nigger"?  And  if  one  man 
cannot  be  held  by  a  master,  how  large  must  a  town  be  before  its 
people  can  be  held  ?    Or  a  nation  ? 

Now  everyone  knows  in  his  heart  that  there  is  no  answer.  There 
is  not  an  American  alive,  from  the  President  down,  but  knows 
secretly  that  we  have  no  right  to  slaves — by  ones,  by  tens,  by  mil- 
lions. Oh,  but  they  aren't  slaves,  eh  ?  They  aren't  bought  and 
sold  ?  No,  but  they  can  be,  if  they  can  be  deprived  of  their  other 
rights.  Would  you  think  you  were  free  if  England  appointed  the 
president,  and  governors  of  States,  and  supervised  all  the  laws  ? 

LET  US  It  is  an  excellent  suggestion  of  the  Argonaut,  the  best  and 

KNOW  most  influential  weekly  in   the   West,  that  as  out  of  the 

THE  COST.  100,000  men  now  demanded  for  our  standing  army,  70,000 
are  for  the  Philippines  (and,  by  unanimous  testimony,  will  be  needed 
there  for  many  years  to  come)  it  is  only  proper  that  the  Government 
should  segregate  the  two  main  items  and  maintain  the  army  of  con- 
quest as  a  separate  establishment.  That  is  the  only  honest  sort  of 
bookkeeping.  Even  England  uses  it,  and  in  this  republic  the  people 
are  fully  as  entitled  to  know  what's  what  in  the  details  of  their  busi- 
ness.   They  should  not  be  treated  after  the  fashion  of   a  college 


IN    THE    UON'S    DEN.  155 

classmate  of  mine,  20  years  ag*o,  who  sent  his  doting  father  the  fol- 
lowing- itemized  statement  of  his  term  expenditures  :  / 

Books %  10  00 

Postage 45 

Foreign  Missions 25 

Sundries 489  30' 

As  the  American  people  '*  pay  the  freight,"  it  is  not  unreasonable 
to  ask  that  they  shall  know  what  they  are  getting. 

The  people  did  not  vote  in  November  to  stop  thinking  for      NO 
the  next  four  years.     They  returned  a  President  to  Wash-  MORTGAGE 

ington  but  kept  their  minds  at  home.     They  are  using  them  GIVEN, 

more  and  more,  as  the  purposely  confused  issues  of  the  campaign  fall 
behind.  They  are  going  to  keep  using  them.  Bven  Congress  will 
have  to  concentrate  what  mind  it  has  and  face  the  music.  After 
more  than  two  years  of  muddle  and  drift,  and  censorships  to  hide 
the  truth,  the  time  is  near  when  something  must  be  done  more  satis- 
factory than  has  been  done.  Killing  and  exiling  and  bribing  the 
Filipinos,  threatening  and  coaxing  them,  giving  them  saloons  and 
licensed  brothels,  sending  them  commissions  of  nice  men  who  can't 
swim  in  deep  water — none  of  this  tames  the  perverse  brutes.  Possi- 
bly a  little  trial  of  justice  and  honesty  might  work.  If  we  offered 
them  what  we  never  dared  deny  any  people  before,  and  what  we  have 
taken  oath  to  give  the  Cubans,  we  should  not  need  to  quadruple  our 
standing  army.  And  before  the  American  mind  is  done  working  on 
this  business,  the  chances  are  that  the  matter  will  be  put  on  a  much 
more  creditable  basis. 

Colorado  and  Kansas  troops  have  been  prominent  civilizers  in  the 
Philippines,  and  have  killed  off  several  thousand  of  the  ungrateful 
wretches  who  can't  see  how  much  better  they  would  be  if  they  ad- 
opted the  Christian  civilization  of  States  that  roast  a  negro  at  the 
stake  and  fetch  their  wives  and  children  to  see  the  fun,  and  scramble 
for  "  souvenirs  "  of  the  charred  flesh.  The  Filipinos  have  never  risen 
to  the  culture  of  Kansas  and  Colorado.  They  don't  hold  human  bar- 
becues nor  elect  curs  for  sheriffs  and  oysters  for  governors.  So  they 
are  evidently  "unfit  for  self-government." 

The  Lion  would  personally  answer  each  letter  of  sympathy  UNTO 
that  has  come  since  the  last  number  ;  but  it  is  a  physical  ALL, 

impossibility.     Rather  over-worked  at  best,  his  accumulated  THANKS, 

duties  are  now  a  strain  even  on  a  tough  endurance.  Nor  is  the  Den 
for  his  affairs,  save  only  when  they  may  be  made  of  some  wider  ser- 
vice. But  he  can  and  does  openly  and  truly  thank  each  generous 
writer — and  not  least  the  hundreds  of  nominal  strangers.  For  now 
no  father  and  no  mother  is  quite  a  stranger  to  the  L<ion. 

But  there  is  a  surprisingly  numerous  class  of  letters  which      THE 
suggest  a  text  that  touches  many  lives.     A  mother  ripened  TOUCH 

by  the  grief  of  a  dozen  years  thus  formulates  it :  OE  NATURE. 

'*  I  am  so  glad  that  you  gave  him  to  '  the  incorrupting  flames.  ' 
May  no  one  ever  endure  the  long  nights  of  agony  which  fell  to  my 
lot  in  the  rainy,  rainy  winter  that  followed  my  little  girl's  death  in 
November.  One  understands  poor  '  L^yndall '  when  she  sends  '  Greg- 
ory'  out  with  her  cloak  to  cover  the  little  grave." 

Yes,  the  I^ion  understands — though  he  has  seen  men  die  unshriven 
and  left  stark  to  the  sky,  and  knows  in  fact  that  the  clay  does  not 
mind  wetting,  and  that  the  reality  of  the  One  that  Was  is  warm  in 
hearts  where  no  winter  can  beat  in.  But  when  the  first  cold 
storm  after  Christmas  began  to  knock  upon  the  roof,  there  were  two 
that  looked  at  one  another  and  said,  "  Thank  God,  the  little  boy  isn't 
out  in  it  I"         . 


156  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

ACCHANGE  It  must  be  fifteen  years  now  since  the  I^ion  watched,  from 

OF  beginning  to  end,  the  first  incineration  west  of  the  Missouri. 

HEART.  He  went  merely  in  the  line  of  duty,  as  a  city  editor.  He 
carried  all  the  prejudices  and  superstitions  of  his  sort — but  they  did 
not  all  come  back  with  him.  He  had  never  really  shared  the  compli- 
mentary fear  of  some,  that  God  could  not  reassemble  a  personality 
from  ashes  as  easily  as  from  the  digested  dust  of  ten  thousand  worms  ; 
but  fire — burning — roasting — that  rather  went  against  what  he  was 
pleased  to  deem  his  finer  feelings.  And  he  had  never  known  how 
ignorant  he  was. 

"AND  I  SAW  For  this  is  what  he  saw — watching  for  hours  at  the  glazed 

A  GREAT  peep-hole  of  the  new  retort  which  many  people  deemed  *'  ir- 

LIGHT."  religious."  A  little  vaulted  chamber  swept  and  immaculate 
for  its  silent  guest,  and  lighted  with  such  a  glow  as  is  upon  the  peaks 
when  shadow  has  come  upon  all  the  lower  world.  No  hint  of  flame; 
no  more  suggestion  of  heat  than  there  is  in  the  Alpenglow  ;  nor 
scent,  nor  sound  nor  motion,  nor  other  reminder  of  the  physical.  In 
that  radiant  chamber,  a  spotless  mound — a  woman's  body  like  a  slen- 
der snowdrift  under  its  alum  sheet.  And  that  was  all.  Save  that 
from  hour  to  hour  the  snow-drift  waned.  It  did  not  mell.  There  was 
not  one  possible  suggestion  of  flesh  and  fire,  of  combustion  or  liques- 
cence.  It  simply  grew  less  and  less,  still  in  the  same  gentle,  eloquent 
outlines  ;  till  at  last  the  snowdrift  was  but  a  snowdrift's  wraith — a 
faint,  vague,  wistful  presence  one  might  see  a  breath  would  scatter, 
but  in  that  peaceful  cell  unruflled  and  unconfused.  And  the  Ivion 
came  away  awed  and  humbled  but  with  a  new  hope. 

HOPE  Death  is  part  of  nature,  and  therefore  honorable  ;  but  its 

AND  settings  we  have  made  ghastly  with  tiptoe   hirelings  and 

BEAUTY.  rented  plumes  and  pomp  and  the  rattle  of  the  clods,  and  the 
surrender  to  corruption.  For  the  first  time  the  Lion  had  seen  beauty 
and  hope  and  spirituality  for  the  poor  play.  He  has  seen  life  and  death 
and  love,  the  heart  of  nature  and  her  greatest  glories.  But  he  has  never 
seen  another  thing  so  beautiful  as  was  that  translation  of  a  corruptible 
body  into  the  cleanest  and  the  most  imperishable  thing  in  the  visible 
world. 

IS  IT  Wisdom,   perhaps,   must  wait    outside  the   last  door  of  a 

NOT  stricken  heart.     It  is  not  easy — nor  perhaps  right— while 

GENTLER?  we  wrestle  with  the  deadliest  grief  that  man  can  know,  to 
remember  whether  we  shall  be  poisoning  posterity  with  our  dis- 
posal of  the  clay.     But  love  may  enter  where  all  others  are  denied. 

No  rains  shall  chill  even  that  which  was  the  tenement  of  my  little 
boy.  The  conqueror  worm  shall  have  no  feast  of  him.  Part  of  his 
ashes  from  this  tiny  casket  beside  me  shall  become  part  of  the  stone 
walls  of  the  home  he  loved  and  was  helping  with  his  little  hands  to 
build  ;  and  a  pinch  of  them  shall  pass  into  the  tree  and  rose  I  set  up 
for  him  in  place  of  a  dead  stone.  So  even  that  which  was  his  earthly 
form  shall  go  on  in  life  and  helpfulness ;  a  part  of  daily  comfort,  a 
part  of  perennial  grace  to  them  who  carry  him  in  their  hearts.  The 
shade,  the  fruit,  the  flowers  will  be  literal  part  of  him ;  givers  of 
gentle  gifts  as  he  should  have  been— and  through  them  still  shall  be. 
All  this  would  be  unbearable  to  say,  unless  it  might  be  that  what 
has  so  comforted  two  heavy  hearts  may  comfort  more. 

Chas.  F.  Lummis. 


157 


THAT 


WHICH  IS 
WRITT'l^ 


It  is   a   good   many    years  now 
since  The  Led-Horse  Claim  surprised 
•■i.^ YlSp^r ''^^«'^''  tis  all,  and  set  Mary  Hallock  Foote  safely 

'fe^^'S^^^-  ^  '""^       within  the  inner  circle  of  the  best  "Western  writers. 
"^  ■"    ■  Since  that  time  Mrs.  Foote  has  written  on,  quietly, 

slowly,  unflurried  by  success,  uncheapened  by  the  general  adultera- 
tion of  the  market,  with  long  pauses  between  stories — just  enough, 
in  fact,  to  keep  her  in  grateful  remembrance  among  such  as  really 
care.  It  is  more  than  pleasant  to  find  her  very  latest  book  one  of  the 
very  best,  both  as  to  its  humanity  and  its  art,  that  she  has  ever  writ- 
ten ;  and  distinctly  superior  to  some  of  her  earlier  work.  The  Prodi- 
gal is  a  powerful,  clear-cut,  almost  virile  story  of  the  San  Francisco 
water-front  a  generation  ago  ;  its  theme  the  making  of  a  man — from 
an  outcast  ne'er-do-well.  The  strength,  the  repression,  and  yet  the 
fineness  of  touch  which  mark  this  story  are  decidedly  uncommon. 
No  one,  I  think,  has  ever  written  a  more  compelling  story  of  San 
Francisco.  It  is  grateful,  too,  to  find  here  Mrs.  Foote's  own  always 
attractive  illustrations,  the  missing  of  which  from  several  of  her 
books  reminds  one  of  the  little  boy's  definition  :  "  Salt's  what  makes 
your  potato  taste  bad  when  you  don't  put  none  on."  Houghton, 
Mifflin  &  Co.,  Boston.     $1.25. 

The  fifth  volume  in  the  fine  and  really  important  * 'Story  of    MORE 
the  West  series,"  which  has  so  of  ten  been  praised  in  these         "STORY  OF 
difficult  pages,  is  The  Story  of  the  Soldier,  by  Gen.  Geo.  A.  THE  WEST.' 

Forsythe.  Without  the  literary  grace  of  Hough  or  Shinn,  at  least, 
among  his  predecessors.  Gen.  Forsythe  has  wide  knowledge  of  his 
subject,  a  soldierly  pride  in  "his  people,"  and  that  intimacy  of  ex- 
perience which  entitles  him  to  write  an  authoritative  volume.  It  is, 
indeed,  a  "Story  "  well  worth  writing  ;  a  heroic  story,  despite  blots 
and  meannesses  not  mentioned  here  but  common  to  human  history. 
If  the  American  regular  army  has  not  been  fairly  appreciated — as  it 
certainly  has  not — it  has  here  a  handsome  testimonial,  all  the  more 
worth  while  because  it  is  so  full  of  interesting  facts  the  average 
intelligent  American  does  not  know.  Gen.  Forsythe's  book  is  prob- 
ably the  best  broad  "story"  yet  printed  of  the  growth  of  our 
brave  little  regular  army  from  the  colonial  days  till  now,  its  char- 
acter, its  organization,  its  life  and  exploits.  Very  properly — both  for 
the  scope  of  this  series  and  the  fact  that  the  major  achievement  and 
training-ground  of  our  army  has  been  on  the  frontier — the  bulk  of  the 
book  is  given  to  a  fair  picture  of  post-life  and  Indian  fighting  in  the 
West.  It  is  gratifying  to  see  justice  done  Crook  and  Custer^  two  of 
the  men  the  army  has  reason  to  be  proudest  of  in  all  the  century's 
roster ;  and  to  the  patient  heroism  of  the  bronzed  fellows  who 
learned  in  the  frontier  school. 

Gen.  Forsythe's  interesting  volume  should  not  be  marred  \>y 
several  things  which  we  may  hope  to  see  remedied  in  a  later  edition. 
In  the  editor's  preface  one  of  the  two  first  "  American  "  explorers  of 
the  far  West  is  disfigured  in  "I^ewis  and  Clarke."  "The  discovery 
of  gold  in  California  in  1847"  (p.  63)  is  not  exactly  what  we  look  for 
in  a  reputable  book.     To  quote  R.  I.  Dodge's  brutal  and   ignorant 


158  LAND    CF    SUNSHINE. 

outgiving  about  Indians  as  authoritative,  is  absurd,  as  Col.  Dodge 
was  about  as  high  an  authority  as  '*  Ouida  "  might  be.  His  state- 
ment about  the  training  of  Indian  children  (p.  200)  is  as  stupid  a 
mendacity  as  I  ever  saw  in  type.  The  chapter  on  ''Arizona  and  the 
Apache"  starts  off  with  four  pages  which  might  be  forgiven  in  a 
schoolboy's  composition,  but  not  in  a  sober  book.  They  are  full  of 
blunders  of  spelling  and  of  fact,  and  betray  no  digestion  of  the  facts 
they  pretend  to  cover.  There  was  no  such  person  as  *'  Estevancio," 
no  such  place  as  "Vocapa,"  no  annihilation  of  4000  Navajos  by  the 
French  (or  anyone  else)  in  1698.  Mendoza  was  not  a  governor  ;  Coro- 
nado — nor  anyone  else — "occupied  this  country  in  1540-'50."  There 
was  no  Spanish  "  attempt  to  enslave  the  Apaches,"  nor  anything  re- 
sembling it.  General  Forsythe  will  do  well  to  rewrite  this  chapter 
with  more  regard  to  the  proved  historic  truth.  As  to  his  repeated 
assurance  that  the  Regular  Army,  ofiQcer  and  enlisted  man,  is  the 
"  best,"  **  the  most  thoroughly  devoted  and  ever  and  always  the 
most  staunch  and  loyal  citizen  of  the  republic,"  it  is  just  as  well 
for  a  soldier  to  think  so.  But  fortunately  it  is  not  true.  D.  Apple- 
ton  &  Co.,  72  Fifth  avenue.  New  York.     $1.50. 

SI^AUGHTER  Mrs.  Eva  Emery  Dye's  McLoughlin   and  Old  Oregon  has 

OF  THE  been  warmly  commended  in  these  pages.     Maugre  certain 

INNOCENTS,  faults,  it  is  a  creditable  book  of  and  from  the  West.  So 
much  cannot  be  said  for  her  school  version,  Vol.  VII  in  a  "Western 
Series  of  Readers."  The  kindest  verdict  is  that  her  Stories  of 
Oregon  was  probably  done  on  a  *'  rush  order"  to  sell  to  school-boards 
that  know  no  better.  To  teach  children  the  sort  of  Brummagem  ig- 
norance and  falsehood  which  marks  the  introductory  chapters,  and 
the  crudeness  of  the  whole,  is  nothing  short  of  a  sin.  I  have  never 
seen  in  print  a  more  unredeemed  and  ridiculous  muddle  than  this 
book  makes  of  its  early  "history."  A  merciless  revision  might 
make  it  decent  and  honest  to  put  before  young  Americans  ;  but  for 
its  present  state  its  author  and  its  publishers  have  every  right  to 
blush.     The  Whitaker  &  Ray  Co.,  San  Francisco. 

FOREST  A  book  of  genuine  importance,  despite  minor  carelessnesses 

AND  in  production,   is  Forest  and  Water^  by  Abbot  Kinney  of 

WATER.  L/os  Angeles,  vice-president  of  the  American  Forestry  Asso- 
ciation, and  a  well  known,  expert  and  tireless  crusader  for  the  pro- 
tection of  our  forests.  Of  this  most  vital  matter  to  all  California — 
so  much  neglected  only  because  so  many  of  us  are  greenhorns  in  the 
country,  and  as  yet  ignorant  of  its  real  nature  and  necessities — Mr. 
Kinney  gives  the  fullest  and  most  adequate  presentations  yet ;  and 
supplementary  chapters  on  cognate  themes  by  such  competent  per- 
sons as  H.  Hawgood,  Jas.  D.  Schuyler,  Geo.  H.  Maxwell,  J.  B.  Lip- 
pincott,  T.  S.  Van  Dyke,  C.  F.  Holder,  A.  H.  Koebig,  and  others, 
do  much  to  round  out  the  volume.  A  large  number  of  excellent  half- 
tones are  given.  For  its  substantial  merits  the  book  deserves  to 
have  had  rather  more  care  in  style  and  a  good  deal  more  in  the  proof- 
reading.   The  Post  Pub.  Co.,  lyos  Angeles. 

A  BETTEUi  Very  decidely  the  best  of  all  the  swarm  of  popular  publica- 

BOOK  ABOUT  tions  (mostly  catchpenny  volumettes)  which  have  dealt  with 

THE  MISSIONS.  **  the  Missions,"  is  Chas.  F.  Carter's  Missions  of  Nueva 
California^  the  meat  of  which  was  first  published  in  this  magazine 
in  1897.  Of  the  matter  as  originally  written,  with  a  few — too  few — 
additions,  Mr.  Carter  and  his  publishers  have  made  a  personable 
book  which  in  appearance  as  well  as  in  content  is  easily  at  the  head 
of  its  class.  A  substantial  post  folio,  on  good  paper,  soundly 
bound,  it  gives  all  the  historical  information  (digested  from  Hittell 
and  Bancroft)  the  average  reader  is  likely  to  ask  even  about  so  fascin- 


THAT    WHICH    IS    WRITTEN.  159 

ating  a  theme  as  this  is  ;  and  a  large  amount  of  illustration.  Mr. 
Carter's  own  water-colors  are  sympathetic ;  but  in  matters  of  fact 
and  history,  good  photographs  would  be  much  more  reliable.  It  is 
a  mistake,  also,  to  leave  the  presentation  of  the  Missions  five  years 
old.  Mr.  Carter  has  thought  it  wise  to  leave  these  remarkable  mon- 
uments as  he  saw  them  ;  but  it  would  have  been  better  to  bring  the 
view  up  to  somewhere  near  the  date  of  publication.  In  several  of  the 
more  important  Missions  there  have  been  very  radical  changes  in 
five  years.  Nor  is  the  conspectus  of  the  Mission  regime  true,  so  far 
as  concerns  the  relations  between  missionaries  and  the  Indians.  The 
latter  were  never  enslaved.  They  have  been  in  a  hundred-fold  worse 
serfdom  under  us  than  they  were  under  the  Franciscans.  The  only 
object  of  criticising  so  earnest — and  in  general  so  worthy — a  book  as 
Mr.  Carter's  is  the  hope  that  he  may  make  the  like  criticism  impossi- 
ble for  the  later  editions  into  which  it  is  likely  to  run.  For  it  may  be 
repeated  that  of  all  the  output  on  the  California  Missions  this  is 
much  the  best.     Whitaker  &  Ray  Co.,  San  Francisco.     $1.50. 

A  civilized  person  of  course  knows  off-hand  what  to  expect    THE 
of  a  book  whose    title   is  Rudyard  Reviewed.     Self-cata-  NEW 

logued  on  its   cover  for  immature,  vulgar   and  '*  unrecog-  HUMORPST. 

nized,"  it  does  not  belie  its  ticketing.  Sewing-circle  rhetoric  and 
grammar,  smug  conceit  and  a  thrilling  barrenness  of  humor  and 
horse  sense  are  the  minor  earmarks  of  perhaps  the  funniest  book  ever 
published,  even  by  a  gentleman  surprised  and  grieved  that  the  world 
should  listen  to  Kipling  instead  of  to  him.  It  is,  of  course,  printed 
at  the  author's  expense  ;  and  we  may  take  his  word  for  it  that  his 
name  is  W.  J.  Peddicord,  and  his  home  in  Portland,  Ore.  Probably 
he  knows.  How  Dickens  would  have  reveled  in  that  onomatopoeic 
name!  "Reviewing"  is  a  cheerful  word  in  mouths  which  do  not 
know  its  meaning.  That  Mr.  Peddicord  doesn't,  his  preface  and  in- 
troduction are  witness  even  to  those  so  unhumorous  as  to  slight  the 
rest  of  his  book.  He  deals  deadly  Portland  satire  upon  Americans 
so  cringing  as  to  see  any  literary  merit  in  the  work  of  a  man  who 
found  fault  with  a  country  which  could  produce  a  Peddicord.  The 
Webfoot  Oracle  realizes  the  bad  taste,  caddishness  and  servility  of 
the  world  in  general  and  his  countrymen  in  particular,  but  is  willing 
to  instruct  them  in  literary  taste  and  self-respect.  The  stripling  from 
India  (as  he  was  when  he  wrote  the  bumptious  American  Notes)  had 
a  time  of  thinking  the  Yankees  were  not  so  smart  as  Kipling  ;  the 
gentleman  from  Oregon  deems  them  less  wise  than  Peddicord.  So 
disproportionate  notice  of  Mr.  Peddicord's  deliverance  is  not  casual. 
His  book  should  be  in  every  library — for  as  a  people  we  need  hum- 
bling. And  if  any  horrid  Britishers  should  ever  see  it,  they  would 
probably  be  careful  never  to  criticise  a  country  patrolled  by  a  loaded 
Peddicord.     The  author,  Portland.     $1. 

It  would  be  late  in  the  day  to  analyze  David  Harum^  which    THE 
has  been  taken  "  for  better  or  for  worse,"  by  most  readers         "SCATTER" 
already  ;  the  question  of  its  popularity  being  definitely  set-  OjB*  CATS, 

tied,  and  the  question  of  its  deserts  to  be  popular  only  less  so.  But 
it  is  contemporaneous  to  speak  of  the  handsome  new  "illustrated 
edition,"  with  full-pages  by  Clinedinst,  and  text-drawings  by  C.  D. 
Farrant,  and  an  introduction  telling  of  the  author  who  did  not  live 
to  know  of  the  enormous  sales  of  his  only  book.  D.  Appleton  &  Co., 
72  Fifth  avenue.  New  York.     $2.00. 

Good  clergyman,  good  fisherman,  good  lover  of  nature  not       DAY 
too  unmitigated,  Henry  Van  Dyke  is  a  friendly  figure  among  BY 

those  by  whom  "of  the  making  of  books  there  is  no  end."  DAY. 

He  has  written   many,  and   all  good  in  their  sort ;   all  human  and 


160  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

genuine  and  gentle.  From  his  works  Rev.  Geo.  S.  Webster  has  com- 
piled a  book  of  good  daily  quotations  under  title  of  T/ie  Friendly 
Year.  It  is  a  good  deal  for  one  man  to  have  enabled  so  amiable  a 
calendar.     Chas.  Scribner's  Sons,  15S-157  Fifth  avenue,  New  York. 

$1.25. 

CHOICE  That  clever  and   judicious  new  "Philosopher  Press,"   in 

I^ITTLE  Darkest  Wausau,  Wis.,  is  turning  out  some  of  the  most  at- 

EDITIONS.  tractive  editions  issuing  from  any  house.  Robert  Ivouis 
Stevenson's  A  Lodging  for  the  Night  is  done  in  a  really  exquisite 
little  volume,  on  Dickinson  hand-made  paper,  600  copies.  No  less  at- 
tractive is  the  make-up  of  Dante  Gabriel  Rossetti's  almost  classic 
Jenny ^  also  limited  to  600  copies,  and  on  hand-made  paper.  Such 
faithful  and  artistic  workmanship  as  this  merits  recognition  in  a 
commercialized  age.  Each  book  sells  at  $2.  Van  Vechten  &  Ellis, 
Wausau,  Wis. 

THE  CRADLE  Among  them  that  love  strong  work  and  true  work,  Flora 

OF  THE  Annie  Steel  has  her  audience  waiting  with  good  appetite. 
GODS.  Her  grasp  of  the  strange  romance  of  India,  and  her  power 
to  make  it  live  for  us  upon  the  printed  page  are  as  rare  as  they  are 
startling.  In  all  the  writing  rout  there  are  very  few  of  so  much 
mastery.  The  Hosts  of  the  Lord.,  her  latest  novel,  is  another  strong 
and  vital  piece  of  work,  as  full  of  humanity  and  grip  as  it  is  of 
knowledge,  a  story  to  make  one  grateful  that  all  literature  isn't  yet 
a  puppet-show.  The  Macmillan  Co.,  66  Fifth  avenue.  New  York. 
$1.50. 

WITCHES  A  curious  novel  of  the  mountaineers  of  Kentucky  and  Ten- 

" SPELLS"  nessee,  a  generation  ago,  is  Emma  Rayner's   Visiting  the 

AND  GORE.  Sin.  Her  colonial  romances  have  had  success,  and  here 
Miss  Rayner  strikes  a  new  lead.  One  would  dislike  to  settle  among 
the  sort  of  people  with  the  complicated  habits  of  witchcraft,  abduc- 
tion and  bloody  murder  that  Miss  Rayner's  characters  have,  or  to 
fancy  that  they  exist  quite  so  raw  ;  but  she  vouches  for  them  in  her 
preface.  At  any  rate  the  plot  is  intricate  and  grisly  enough  to  rout 
the  most  hardened  out  of  sleep.  Small,  Maynard  &  Co.,  Boston. 
$1.50. 

THAT  Lrike   an   even   more  noted   personage,    Rhoda    Broughton 

KIND  OF  •*  Moves  in  a  mysterioas  way 

PEOPLE.  Her  wonders  to  perform." 

Unto  this  date  I  do  not  know  whom  she  meant  to  cast  as  heroine  of 
Foes-in-Law;  for  *'L/ettice,"  who  starts  out  to  be,  as  a  most  proper 
person,  becomes  a  precious  prig  as  she  meanders  ;  and  '*  Marie,"  the 
unspeakable  Philistine  of  a  Philistine  crowd,  is  attempted  to  be 
wheedled  into  our  affections  in  fullness  of  time.  The  chiefest  satis- 
faction of  an  outsider  in  reading  this  book  must  be,  I  should  say, 
the  reflection  that  if  there  really  are  such  people  they  are  the  very 
ones  who  would  like  it.  The  Macmillan  Co.,  66  B'ifth  avenue.  New 
York.    $1.50. 

FURTHER  From    out    the   literally  astounding  mass  of    his   famous 

EUGENE  column  in   the  Chicago  Daily  News.,  in  which   the    vast 

FIELD,  majority  of  his  works  first  appeared,  his  friend  Slason 
Thompson  has  selected  two  further  volumes,  aggregating  well  over 
500  pages,  of  Eugene  Field's  humor  and  pathos  and  general  irre- 
pressibleness.  Of  Field's  productivity  Mr.  Thompson  remarks  that 
the  Sharps  and  Flats  column  (from  which  the  book  takes  its  title) 
averaged  2000  words  a  day,  six  days  a  week,  for  twelve  years — a  little 
matter  of  seven  and  a  half  million  words.  That  would  make  from 
75  to  100  sizable   books — but   fortunately    does  not.      The  present 


THAT    WHICH    IS    WRITTEN.  161 

volume  contains  much  that  may  be  worth  saving-  per  se,  and  much 
that  certainly  would  not  be  saved  for  any  mute  inglorious  Milton. 
But  as  Mr.  Field  wrote  himself  very  widely  into  public  affection,  it  is 
well  to  preserve  these  supplementary  readings,  which  are  eminently 
Fieldian.  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  153-157  Fifth  avenue,  New  York. 
2  vols.     $2.50. 

The   whimsy  cleverness  of  Oliver  Herf ord  is  by  now  so    "  RELISHED 
much  a  household  word  that  a  book  all  by  him — text  as  well  BY  THE 

as   illustrations — is  sure    of    general   welcome.     His    Over-  WISEST  MEN." 

heard  in  a  Garden  is  about  as  funny  as  usual — and  that  is  perhaps  all 
that  need  be  said.  Of  Herford  one  feels  much  as  the  Kentuckian 
did  about  another  familiar  spirit  :  "  Bad,  suh  ?  The'  ain't  no  bad 
whisky,  suh  !  But  some  is  better  than  other,  suh  I"  So  all  Her- 
ford's  gracious  nonsense  is  welcome  in  a  world  which  has  too  little. 
Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  153-157  Fifth  avenue,  New  York.     $1.25. 

Plain  Talk  in  Psalm  and  Parable.,  by  Brnest  Crosby,  does       ONE 
not  belie  its  name.     The  format  is  scriptural  enough,  and  SPEAKS 

the  "talk"  as  abundantly  plain  as  one  could  desire,  and  as  OUT. 

Mr.  Crosby  is  becoming  known  for.  His  deliverances  are  as  revolu- 
tionary as  some  of  the  pag-es  of  the  book  which  has  most  kindled 
him.  Some  are  no  doubt  too  revolutionary.  But  by-and-larg-e  his 
volume  is  at  least  stimulant  to  thought  and  an  awakener  of  altruism. 
Small,  Maynard  &  Co.,  Boston.     $1.50. 

Very  suggestive  in  text  of  the  pleasant  (if  willful)  humor    ANOTHER 
of  her  Elizabeth  and  Her  Germa7i  Garden,  is  this  popular         GREENAWAY 
but  mysteriously  nameless  author's   The  April  Baby's  Book  BOOK. 

of  Tunes.  It  is  beautifully  dressed,  with  real  Kate  Greenaway  illus- 
trations, and  all  the  g-eneral  daintiness  of  make-up  that  traditionally 
accompanies  them.  The  mother,  snowed  in  with  her  three  children, 
in  trag-i-comic  desperation  to  amuse  them,  sets  to  tunes  of  her  own 
nine  of  the  familiar  nursery  rhymes,  like  "Jack  and  Jill,"  "Little 
Miss  Muffett,"  and  so  on.  The  tunes  I  am  no  judge  of;  but  the 
beauty  of  the  book  and  the  sympathy  of  the  text — albeit  rather  con- 
scious— will  make  it  as  amusing-  to  other  children  as  to  those  of  the 
story.     The  Macmillan  Co.,  66  Fifth  avenue,  New  York.     $1.50. 

The  Wild  Animal  Play  is  a  natural  outcome  of  the  deserved    THE  HERO 
popularity  of  Ernest  Seton-Thompson's  three  noble  books —  BEASTS 

Wild  Animals  I  Have  Known,  Biography  of  a  Grizzly  and  AT  Pi^AY. 

Trail  of  the  Sandhill  Stag,  The  chief  heroes  of  these  classic 
stories  are  here  brought  in  as  the  dramatis  personse  of  a  little  parlor 
comedietta  for  young  children.  They  will  enjoy  it,  and  perhaps 
g-ather  useful  lessons  by  their  fun  ;  though  I  would  certainly  rather 
have  a  child  absorb  this  author's  stories — as  any  proper  child  can — 
than  his  very  off-hand  rhymes.  Doubleday,  Pag-e  &  Co.,  New  York  ; 
C.  C.  Parker,  L/Os  Angeles.     50  cents. 

It  is  more  than  agreeable  to  note  a  step  forward  in  the  per-    "  IDYLS 
formance   marked   by   Charles  Keeler's    latest    volume    of  OF 

verse,  Idyls  of  Eldorado.     A  tasteful  volume,  decorated  by  ELDORADO." 

Mrs.  Keeler  with  designs  from  California  wild-flowers,  it  shows  a 
measurable  advance  in  maturity,  in  breadth  and  in  the  command 
of  technique,  over  his  former  work.  There  is  a  notable  gain  in  the 
rhythmic  quality  of  the  lines,  as  well  as  more  certainty  and  scope 
of  expression.  If  anyone  deserves  to  succeed,  Mr.  Keeler  does.  A.  M. 
Robertson,  126  Post  street,  San  Francisco.     $1.25. 

ChAS.    F.    IvUMMIS. 


\*\ 

I* 
tl*. 


n 


II  II 


CALIFORNIA  BABIES 


II  II  II  II  II 


Of 


C.I.AD   I   AM    HBRR. 


163 


AZUSA 


1Y     CHAS,    AMADON    MOODY. 


G|f  N  the  spring-  of  1887,  the  tide  of  the  "  great  boom"  in  South- 

I      ern  California,  not  yet  quite  at  its  full  flood,  was  rising- 

•     with  a  rapidity  and  volume  sufficiently  amazing.     Toward 

the  end  of  March  of    that  year,    a  brief  and  by   no 

means  flowery  advertisement  appeared  in  one  of  the 

daily  papers,  announcing-  that  a  part  of  the  "  Azusa 

Kancho"  had  been  laid  out  as  a  town-site,  and  that 

sale  of  lots  would  be  opened  on  the  first  day  of  April 

at  the  office  of  the   Azusa  Land  and  Water  Co.,  in 

Los  Angeles.  A  few  promises  as  to  sidewalks,  streets 

and  sewerag-e  (all  of  which  were  later  fully  kept)  followed, 

and  the   advertisement   closed   by   g-iving-   the    prices  at  which 

lots   would  be  sold. 

There  was  absolutely  nothing-  of  the  "  boom"  character  about 
this  concise  business  notice,  and  none  were  more  surprised  at 
its  effect  than  the  officers  of  the  company.  I^or  at  the  hour  of  open- 
ing business  on  the  morning-  appointed,  a  string  of  waiting-  men 
stretched  from  the  office  doorway  down  a  flight  of  stairs,  out  into  the 
street  and  on  down  the  street  around  the  corner.  Many  of  them  had 
been  standing-  there  since  daybreak,  while  not  a  few  had  actually 
camped  there  all  night  to  be  sure  of  an  early  choice  of  lots.  Belated 
comers  were  eagerly  offering-  cash  prices  for  a  place  in  the  line,  the 


A   TYPICAI.  ORANGE   GROVK. 


AZUSA. 


165 


amount  increas- 
ing- rapidly  as  the 
place  sought  for 
was  nearer  to  the 
front  of  the  line. 
As  an  eye-witness 
(and  participant) 
said  to  me  a  few 
days  since,  "You'd 
a  thought  every- 
body'd  got  to  have 
lots  in  Azusa  and 
there  wasn't  g"oin' 
to  be  enough  to  go 
'round.  But  there 
was." 

That  day's  sales 
amounted  to  $206,- 
000,  at  least  one- 
third  cash  being 
paid  in  each  case. 
A  little  later — an 
excursion  having 
been  run  to  the 
prospective  city 
meanw  h  i  1  e  —  an 
auction  sale  was 
held  of  such  lots 
as  the  Company 
did  not  wish  to 
reserve  for  itself, 
and  over  $40,000 
more  was  realized 
from  this. 

This  was  the 
birth  of  what  is 
now  the  thriving- 
and  attractive  lit- 
tle city  of  Azusa. 
When  these  sales 
were  made,  abso- 
lutely nothing  was 
there  —  except  the 
survey-stakes  —  to 
distinguish  the  fu- 
ture city  from  mile 
after  mile  of  uncul- 
tivated barrenness 
around  it.  Hund- 
reds of  other  such 
towns  were  start- 
ed, during-  that 
wild  speculation, 
quite  as  promising 
on  paper.  Most  of 
them  never  got 
beyond  the  paper 
stage  ;  some  g-rew 
amazingly  for  a 
brief  space,  only 
to  wither  to  noth- 
ing-ness  with  the 
pricking-  of  the 
bubble  ;       a     few 


166 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


have  grown  and  prospered  steadily,  though  at  a  less  furious  gait 
than  was  expected  by  the  men  who  sat  up  all  night  to  get  "  first 
pick"  of  the  lots.     Of  this  select  few  was  Azusa. 

It  is  worth  while  in  passing  to  ask  why  this  attempt  to  found  a  town 
should  have  succeeded  while  so  many  others  failed.  The  explanation 
is  to  be  found  under  three  heads.  In  the  first  place,  the  town-site 
was  well  chosen  ;  that  is,  there  were  good  reasons  why  a  town  should 
grow  up  at  this  point  rather  than  another.  These  reasons  will 
appear  in  the  course  of  this  article.  They  depend  upon  the  plac- 
ing of  the  city  with  relation  to  the  San  Gabriel  Canon  and  the 
Azusa  Valley.  From  the  canon  comes  the  water  which  makes 
industry  safe  and  profitable,  and  in  the  canon  is  mile  after  mile 
of  delightful  summering  ground,  which  is  to  be  reached  only  by 
way  of  Azusa.  The  low  ranges  of  hills  which  shut  in  the  val- 
ley on  two  sides,  so  divert  the  drying,  dust-laden  desert  winds 
that  they  rarely  reach  this  point,  while  the  valley  opens  freely  to- 
ward the  Pacific,  from  which  a  deliciously  cooling  breeze  may  be 
counted  on  every  day  through  the  warm  season.  The  delightful 
climate  of  Southern  California  is  known  the  world  over  ;  Azusa  has 
the  very  choicest  slice  of  that  perfect  climate.  This  fact,  together 
with  the  delightful  drives  to  every  point  of  the  compass,  over  roads 
which  need  not  shrink  from  comparison  with  any  in  the  State,  and 
the  comfortable  hotel  accommodations,  make  Azusa  a  most  attract- 
ive point  for  visitors,  and  one  which  should  be  included  in  the  itin- 
erary of  every  tourist.  And  Azusa  is,  besides,  the  natural  shipping 
and  supply  point  for  the  whole  fertile  and  prosperous  valley.  This 
has  resulted  in  a  development   of    business   facilities  beyond  what 


THE   HOTKL  AZUSA. 


AZUSA. 


167 


L.  A.  Entr.Co. 


A    SHADY   DRIVE. 


Photo,  by  AhGow. 


would  normally  be  expected  in  a  city  of  this  size,  and  an  extension 
of  trade  to  include  lines  not  usually  found  outside  of  the  larger  busi- 
ness centers.  Secondly,  its  orig-inal  founders  had  both  the  means 
and  the  disposition  to  carry  out  their  promises  as  to  early  im- 
provements. And,  finally,  there  has  been  from  the  start  a  notable 
development  of  public  spirit — that  "  every-man-do-his-share"  habit 
— which  is  of  such  importance  in  forwarding-  community  interests. 

Azusa — since  1899  an  incorporated  city  —  is  on  the  mainline  of 
the  Santa  F^  railroad,  about  twenty-five  miles  east  of  Ivos  Angeles. 
It  is  just  at  the  eastern  edge  of  the  broad  and  barren  "  wash"  of  the 
San  Gabriel  river,  and  nestles  right  up  to  the  foothills  of  the  Sierra 
Madre  range,  broken  at  this  point  by  the  long  and  winding  canon  of 
the  San  Gabriel. 

It  takes  its  name — a  combination  of  sibilants  and  vowels  which 
strikes  on  most  ears  as  slightly  humorous,  and  thereby  the  easier  to 
remember — from  the  valley  in  which  it  lies.  This  has  been  known  as 
the  Azusa  Valley  since  the  memory  of  man  runneth  not  to  the  con- 
trary; but  if  any  man  really  knows  the  derivation  and  meaning  of 
the  name,  such  search  as  this  writer  could  make  did  not  reveal  him, 
or  rather  every  person  questioned  had  a  different  explanation  for  it. 
According  to  one,  Azusa  meant  a  "by-path,"  the  Indians  so 
naming  it  as  somewhat  out  of  the  usual  line  of  travel  ;  another  ex- 
plained it  as  'a  lost  or  hidden  place,"  another  had  heard  that  it 
signified  "  pleasant  water,"  while  a  fourth  translated  it  as  "a  large 
family." 

At  any  rate  the  Azusa  Valley  is  good  to  look  upon.  Shut  in  on  the 
north  by  the  huge  and  abrupt  uplift  of  the  Sierra  Madre  range,  to 
the  east  by  the  San  Jose  hills,  and  to  the  south  by  the  low  Puente 


168  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

hills,  it  opens  broadly  to  the  vrest  upon  the  San  Gabriel  Valley. 
When  atmospheric  conditions  are  favorable,  one  may  look  out,  from 
certain  elevated  points,  across  the  miles  of  intervening  land  and 
ocean,  clear  to  Santa  Catalina  Island.  Always  Mounts  San  Bernard- 
ino and  San  Antonio  ("Old  Baldy")  loom  up  to  the  east  and  north- 
east, grimly  bare  and  rugged  or  brilliantly  snow-clad.  Always  the 
valley  itself  lies  shining  in  the  sun  with  its  miles  on  miles  of  well 
kept  orange  and  lemon  groves,  among  which  are  hidden  scores  of  de- 
lightful homes.  The  peaceful  and  fertile  landscape  is  the  just  and 
proper  setting  to  the  prosperous,  contented,  yet  progressive,  com- 
munity that  has  grown  and  is  growing  there. 

A  generation  or  so  ago,  "when  the  Gringo  came,"  much  of  this 
valley  was  owned — and  the  rest  of  it  claimed — by  one  man,  who  held 
the  title  by  Mexican  grant.  He  claimed  to  own  "  as  far  as  he  could 
see"  from  some  point  on  his  land,  and  to  own  besides  the  entire  flow 
of  the  San  Gabriel  river.  Great  vineyards  he  had  in  those  days,  and 
a  winery  from  which  sounds  of  reveling  were  sometimes  heard  for 
miles  away,  and  flocks  and  herds  and  many  possessions.  But  one 
straggling  settler  after  another  came,  disputing  title  to  part  of  his 
claim,  both  as  to  the  land  and  as  to  the  water,  without  which  the  land 
was  all  but  worthless.  The  questions  arising  were  discussed  for 
many  a  year  in  the  courts  of  law  and  out  of  them. 

There  is  no  room  here  to  write  of  the  details  of  that  struggle,  nor 
of  how  the  mortgage  given  to  raise  money  to  carry  it  on  finally 
swept  away  from  him  who  wished  to  own  all  even  that  to  which  his 
title  was  good.  It  was  disastrous  to  him,  but  a  disaster  brought  on 
by  himself,  and  one  which  made  it  possible  for  the  development  of 
that  fertile  tract  to  be  carried  on  to  the  advantage  of  many  hundreds 
of  families. 

Although  a  certain  amount  of  water  is  obtained  from  other  sources 
— notably  by  "development"  during  the  three  dry  years  just  ended 
— the  prosperity  of  the  Azusa  Valley  (and  therefore  of  the  city)  has 
depended  mainly  upon  the  supply  of  water  yielded  by  the  San 
Gabriel  river,  and  the  ownership  and  division  of  this  supply  is  there- 
fore the  very  kernel  of  things.  This  has  been  finally  adjusted — and 
the  settlement  confirmed  by  the  courts — on  the  basis  of  the  water 
belonging  to  certain  lands  and  being  inseparable  from  them.  The 
entire  flow  of  the  river  is  delivered  at  the  mouth  of  San  Gabriel 
Canon  by  the  San  Gabriel  Electric  Company  (of  which  further  men- 
tion will  be  made)  to  the  control  of  the  "  Committee  of  Nine."  This 
body  is  made  up  of  representatives  of  the  different  districts  which 
are  entitled  to  receive  water  from  the  river,  and  on  it  rests  the  re- 
sponsibility of  apportioning  the  water  exactly  in  accordance  with  the 
rights  of  each  district.  Without  going  minutely  into  the  exact  frac- 
tional distribution  of  the  water,  it  may  be  said  that  the  city  of  Azusa 
and  the  territory  directly  tributary  to  it  are  entitled  to  about  two- 
thirds  of  the  entire  flow  of  the  river.  In  normal  years  this  gives 
ample  supply  for  every  purpose,  and  even  in  the  driest  seasons  there 
is  nothing  like  a  water-famine. 


170  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  ownership  and  control  of  the  water  supply 
are  not  held  by  any  individuals,  few  or  many,  but  by  the  community 
as  a  whole.  There  is  no  such  thing-,  in  this  locality,  as  the  ownership 
of  the  water  apart  from  the  land,  the  courts  having-  held  that  the  water 
is  appurtenant  to  the  land.  This  does  not  mean,  of  course,  that  the 
owner  of  land  may  not  use  the  water  rightfully  pertaining  to  it  in 
such  reasonable  manner  as  he  sees  fit.  It  does  mean  that  neither 
individual  nor  corporation  can  get  control  of  the  water  supply 
apart  from  the  land,  and  either  divert  it  entirely  or  lay  heavy  taxes 
upon  the  land-owners  for  the  privilege  of  using-  the  necessary  water. 
This  appears  to  be  as  near  to  a  satisfactory  solution  of  the  water- 
rig-ht  question   as   has   yet   been  worked  out. 

The  summer  flow  of  the  San  Gabriel  river,  in  normal  years,  ranges 
between  one  thousand  and  fifteen  hundred  miner's  inches.  During- 
the  period  of  excessively  short  winter  rainfall  from  which  Southern 
California  has  just  emerg-ed,  the  supply  has  at  times  fallen  consider- 
ably below  this  standard.  Yet  here,  as  elsewhere,  this  seeming  mis- 
fortune has  proved  a  blessing  but  thinly  disguised  ;  for  the  threatened 
shortage  in  the  water  supply  from  existing  sources  has  stimulated  the 
search  for  others.  The  result  has  been  the  development  in  the  Azusa 
Valley  alone  (by  means  of  wells  driven  to  a  depth  of  from  100  to  150 
feet)  of  water  conservatively  estimated  to  amount  to  600  miner's 
inches.  This  new  supply,  since  it  was  developed  mostly  at  the  end 
of  such  a  "dry  spell"  as  has  not  before  occurred  in  the  history  of 
Southern  California,  may  be  assumed  to  be  practically  independent 
of  weather  conditions.  How  great  an  addition  to  the  resources  of  the 
community  this  is  may  be  judged  from  the  fact  that  one  miner's  inch  of 
water  is  wo^th,  on  the  average,  about  $1,000.  Or  to  show  the  effect- 
iveness for  the  purpose  of  cultivation  of  such  a  supply  as  600  miner's 
inches,  one  need  only  recall  that  one  "  miner's  inch"  means  a  flow  of 
about  nine  gallons  of  water  per  minute.  Now,  since  (roughly  speak- 
ing) there  are  seven  and  a  half  gallons  to  the  cubic  foot,  and  43,560 
square  feet  to  the  acre,  it  follows  that  the  water  developed  in  the 
Azusa  Valley  is  sufficient  to  flood  one  acre  to  the  depth  of  one  foot 
every  sixty  minutes,  or  to  cover  24  acres  to  the  same  depth  each  day. 

The  greater  part  of  the  Azusa  Valley  was  long  ago  proved  to  be 
specially  adapted  for  raising  citrus  fruits,  by  reason  of  the  character 
of  soil,  almost  complete  freedom  from  frost. —  for  ten  years  past, 
whatever  damage  may  have  been  done  elsewhere,  Azusa  oranges 
have  sold  at  the  top,  notch  and  have  been  entirely  free  from  frost — 
and  ample  supply  of  irrigating  water.  This  is  today,  and  will 
doubtless  continue  to  be  the  leading  industry.  The  Washington 
Navel  and  the  Valencia  Late  oranges  make  up  the  bulk  of  the  crop, 
which  is  growing  larger  and  more  profitable  every  year.  There 
are  some  large  lemon  orchards  which  pay  well,  and  the  Tangerine 
and  Mandarin  oranges,  as  well  as  the  Pomelo,  have  their  friends — 
and  with  reason. 


IN   THE    PlyANT   OF   THK   AZUSA   ICE   AND   COI,D   STORAGE:   CO. 


Eng-.  by  L.  A.  Eng-.  Co.    '  in  THE  PACKING-HOUSE 

OF   THE   AZUSA   CITRUS    ASSOCIATION. 


Photos,  by  Graham. 


172 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


The  packing  and  marketing  of  the  fruit  are  done  almost  wholly  on 
the  cooperative  basis. 

The  Azusa  Citrus  Association  packs  and  ships  the  great  bulk  of  the 
crop  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Azusa,  and  there  are  similar  organ- 
izations at  other  convenient  points  in  the  valley.  As  illustrating 
the  rapid  growth  of  the  industry,  it  is  interesting  to  note  that  the 
pack  of  the  Association  is  this  year  about  five  times  as  large  as  in 
1895-6,  when  it  was  organized.  The  pack  of  the  Association,  together 
with  that  of  the  Associations  at  Glendora  and  Irwindale,  is  marketed 
through  the  A.  C.  G.  (Azusa-Covina-Glendora)  Fruit  Exchange, 
whose  headquarters  are  at  Azusa,  this  being  a  member  of  the  South- 
ern California  Fruit  Exchange.  The  A.  C.  G.  Fruit  Exchange  will 
market  this  year  about  1000  carloads  of  oranges  and  not  far  from  150 
carloads  of  lemons.  This  is  about  one-twentieth  of  the  entire  orange 
and  lemon  crop  of  California.  It  is  too  early  yet  to  give  figures  of 
the  cash  value  of  this  season's  crop,  but  last  year  the  A.  C.  G.  Fruit 
Exchange  received  about  $320,000  for  the  fruit  handled. 


Enjr.  by  L.  A.  Knsf.  Co.  i'lioio.  by  Schiiell. 

A    l*OUR-DOI«I.AR   OKANCK   CHOI'  ON    A    SKVBN-YEAK-pI^D  TREE. 


'aZUSA.  173 

How  thoroug'hly  satisfactory  cooperative  methods  have  proved 
to  the  g-rowers  of  the  Azusa  Valley  may  be  easily  inferred  from  the 
unanimity  with  which  they  have  joined  their  Associations. 

Individual  returns  from  orang-e  groves  vary  largely.  Quite  as  much 
as  any  other  fruit,  and  more  than  most,  the  orange  requires  con- 
stant, intelligent  care  and  liberal  treatment.  But  given  these — and 
the  right  kind  of  trees,  location  and  soil  to  start  with — and  the  re- 
turns are  certainly  satisfying.  Here,  for  instance,  are  a  few  taken 
almost  at  random  from  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Azusa  : 

10  acres,  mostly  Valencias,  8  years  old,  paid  last 

year S2,745 

20  acres  Washington  Navels,  paid  year  before  last 

$3,048,  last  year  3,882 

35  acres.  Navels  and  Valencias,  paid  year  before 

last  $4,609,  last  year 7,266 

These  may  fairly  enough  be  called  average  returns  and  do  not  in- 
clude such  specially  good  results  as  the  five-acre  orchard  which  last 
year  paid  $2,850,  nor  the  banner  two  acres,  the  crop  of  which  sold  last 
year  for  $2,008  ;  nor  the  tangerine  orchard  which  last  year  paid  over 
$700  per  acre,  and  will  do  even  better  this  year.  Yet  it  is  well  to  em- 
phasize the  fact  that  such  "  average  returns  "  cannot  be  obtained 
with  careless  or  incompetent  or  shiftless  management.  It  takes  a 
man  of  brains  and  industry  to  make  a  commercial  success  of  orange- 
growing,  and  takes  most  of  his  time,  too.  But  if  there  is  any  calling 
in  life  of  which  this  is  not  true,  it  has  escaped  the  notice  of  an  eager 
multitude  who  are  clamoring  for  it. 

Strawberries  have  been  a  decided  success  at  Azusa,  and  shipments 
of  this  fruit  are  made  nearly  every  month  of  the  year.  One  grower 
picked  from  two  acres  last  year  16,000  boxes,  which  he  sold  for  $800. 
The  cost  of  cultivation,  irrigating  and  picking  was  about  $300,  leav- 
ing a  net  profit  for  the  two  acres  of  $500.  I  heard  of  ly^  acres  of 
strawberries  which  paid  in  one  year  $1400,  but  this  was  quoted  as  a 
most  uncommon  figure.  It  seems  to  be  agreed,  however,  that  straw- 
berries will  pay  from  $200  to  $300  an  acre  one  year  with  another. 
They  require  plenty  of  water,  however,  and  unless  ample  irrigation 
can  be  had,  a  strawberry  patch  is  worse  than  useless. 

One  of  the  most  interesting  points  in  the  neighborhood  of  Azusa  is 
the  plant  of  the  San  Gabriel  Electric  Company,  which  takes  the  entire 
San  Gabriel  river  at  a  point  some  six  miles  up  the  river  (having  now 
built  a  dam  to  bed-rock  to  make  sure  that  no  water  gets  away),  carries 
it  six  miles  through  tunnels,  culverts  and  pipes,  then  lets  it  drop  four 
hundred  feet  to  drive  water-wheels  which  generate  electricity.  The 
power  thus  generated  varies  with  the  flow  of  the  river,  but  averages 
2,500  to  3,000  horse-power.  This  is  transmitted  to  I^os  Angeles,  23 
miles  away,  where  it  helps  run  the  street-cars,  and  light  the  city  and 
drive  the  machinery  in  various  manufacturing  establishments.  No 
attempt  at  full  description  is  possible  here.  I  may  barely  quote, 
from  a  competent  engineer,  the  statement  that  "  the  Azusa-L/Os  An- 


174 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


geles  transmission  is  in 
some  respects  the  most 
remarkable  to  be  found 
on  the  Pacific  Coast,  if 
not  in  America." 

Another  most  inter- 
esting- feature  of  Azusa 
is  the  factory  of,  the 
Ice  and  Cold  Storage 
Company.  Here  12,500 
g-allons  of  distilled  and 
filtered  water  is  daily 
transformed  by  the  am- 
monia-vapor process  in- 
to shining-  blocks  of  ice. 
The  power  necessary 
for  this  factory  is  main- 
ly supplied  by  the  water 
already  used  for  generat- 
GOLD  NUGGETS— ACTUAI.  SIZE.  i^g.   the  electric  energy 

mentioned  in  the  last  paragraph.  In  addition  to  this  there  is  a 
seventy  horse-power  steam  plant  for  auxiliary  use.  The  capacity  of 
the  factory  is  50  tons  daily.  Its  whole  output,  except  the  compara- 
tively small  quantity  required  for  local  consumption  in  Azusa,  goes 
to  the  Santa  F^  railroad,  under  a  contract  for  a  term  of  years,  this 
factory  supplying-  all  the  ice  used  by  the  Santa  F^  on  its  line  between 
Barstow  and  L/Os  Angeles,  and  Los  Angeles  and  San  Diego.  The 
accompanying  photograph  of  the  great  storage  room  of  this  factory 
is  a  somewhat  unusual  picture,  but  gives  no  idea  of  what  cold  work 
went  to  its  taking. 

Evidently  enough,  the  San  Gabriel  Caiion  has  made  it  possible  for 
Azusa  to  become  what  it  is,  since  without  the  water  gathered  in  that 
long  and  winding  watershed,  no  such  cultivation  of  the  valley  could 
have  taken  place,  but  the  caiion  helps  the  prosperity  of  Azusa  in  other 
ways — may  yet  bring  it  sud- 
den growth  far  beyond  any 
present  expectation.  For 
many  years  a  small  but  toler- 
ably regular  quantity  of  pla- 
cer gold  has  been  found  in 
the  canon,  and  a  number  of 
men  have  employed  them- 
selves either  in  obtaining  the 
"dust"  and  "nuggets,"  or  in 
searching  for  the  quartz  veins 
from  which  place  the  gold 
presumably  came.  The  gold- 
hunting  has  not  been   protit- 


SKCTION  SANTA  FE  DEPOT  AND  GROUNDS. 


176 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


able  on  the  whole  —  has  probably  not  even  paid  good  days'  wages, 
though  a  single  nugget  worth  more  than  $60  has  been  found,  and 
very  many  such  smaller  ones  as  those  photographed.  There  is 
now  a  report  that  veins  carrying  both  tin  and  gold  have  been 
found  in  the  caiion,  and  that  there  is  a  prospect  of  the  development 
of  paying  mines.  Some  very  fine  specimens  of  copper  ore  have  also 
been  recently  discovered,  and  there  are  those  sanguine  enough  to 
talk  of  a  probable  great  copper  mine.  If  these  things,  or  any  of 
them  should  come  about,  Azusa  would  try  to  endure  with  equa- 
nimity the  great  rush  of  business  from  them,  but  she  is  not  yet  lying 
awake  nights  planning  for  it. 

Of  more  practical  value  just  now  is  the  fact  that  the  thirty  odd 
miles  of  caiion,  winding  right  up  to  San  Antonio,  furnish  most  at 
tractive  summer-ground  for  visitors  from  far  and  near.  There  are 
two  points  at  which  there  is  a  regular  provision  for  entertainhig 
visitors,  one  about  14  miles  up  the  canon,  and  another  about  20  miles. 
Daily  stage  goes  as  far  as  the  first  point  the  year  round,  while 
through  the  summer  season  a  second  stage  makes  the  longer  trip. 
The  trout-fishing  is  specially  good  in  the  upper  San  Gabriel,  the  Los 
Angeles  Creel  Club  having 
one  cabin  there,  and  the 
Pasadena  Bait  Club  having 
two.  These  two  organiza- 
tions have  of  late  years 
turned  their  attention  to 
re-stocking  the  stream,  65,- 
000    young    trout      having 


Entf.  by  L.  A.  Enir.  Co. 


Photo,  by  Graham^ 


AZUSA    GRAMMAR    SCHOOI.. 


AZUSA. 


177 


been  put  in  during  the  last  three  years.  Altogether  the  attractions 
of  the  canon  in  summer  are  sufficient  to  make  its  summer  popula- 
tion run  regularly  up  to  six  or  seven  hundred. 

Azusa  is  but  a  little  city,  just  under  a  thousand  according  to  the 
last  census,  but  it  plans  to  be  bigger,  and  is  now  far  better  equipped 
and  more  "citified"  than  many  a  place  of  greater  size.  This  is 
largely  due  to  the  general  diffusion  of  an  effective  civic  pride,  not 
the  kind  which  merely  talks  about  what  a  good  place  it  is,  but  the  less 
common  variety  that  is  willing  to  get  out  and  hustle  and  bend  united 
backs  to  the  task  of  doing  the  things  needful  to  make  it  continually 
a  bettei  and  more  attractive  place.  One  may  note  specially  the  good 
sidewalks,  the  sewerage  system,  the  half  dozen  church  bodies,  the 


ON   SAN    GABRIKI.   AVENUE. 


electric'lights,  the  excellent  school,  the  large'hotel  ( just  refitted  and 
now  in  compet^^nt  hands),  the  orderly,  well  housed  and  finely  stocked 
stores,  the  sound  and  well  managed  bank,  the  entirely  creditable 
weekly  paper,  and,  last  but  not  least,  the  Chamber  of  Commerce, 
with  a  membership  which  seemed  to  this  writer  to  include  everyone 
in  town,  and  all  active. 

Azusa  has  no  *'  palatial  mansions,"  nor  any  hovels  ;  no  colony  of 
millionaires,  nor  any  paupers  ;  no  opportunities  for  amassing  rapid 
wealth,  but  ample  room  for  profitable  employment  of  brains,  indus- 
try and  capital.  All  the  world  knows — or  should  know  by  this  time 
— that  Southern  California  is  the  corner  best  worth  living  in,  all 
things  considered,  and  every  resident  of  Azusa  (with  some  others)  is 
agreed  that  no  city  of  approximately  its  size  can  match  up  with 
Azusa,     At  any  rate  it  is  worth  a  visit  from  all  and  sundry. 


Good  Investments. 


FIVE,   TEN    AND    TWENTY   ACRE    TRACTS    AT    MONTEBELLO-A 

GOOD  PURCHASE  AT  PRESENT  PRICES- A  CHANCE 

FOR    EASTERN    PEOPLE. 


YJ^OR  those  looking-  for  investments  or  homes,  nonte- 
xt bello,  which  is  onl}^  four  miles  east  of  Los  Ang-eles 
city  limits,  offers  some  very  solid  attractions.  This  beau-, 
tiful  suburb  lies  on  the  foothills,  in  a  frostless  belt,  on  the' 
main  road  to  Whittier.  The  land  is  especiall}"  adapted  to 
orang-es,  lemons,  winter  vegetables  and  deciduous  fruits. 
Beautiful  oranges  of  large  size  have  been  taken  from  trees 
which  were  only  planted  last  spring.  As  a  productive 
home  these  tracts  have  no  superior  in  the  world.  Every 
inch  of  ground  is  productive  every  day  in  the  year. 

There  is  an  abundance  of  water  for  irrigation,  even  in 
the  dryest  season.  The  land  lays  beautifully,  the  natural 
location  being  just  as  fine,  if  not  finer,  than  Pasadena  or 
Hollywood,  while  prices  are  very  much  lower.  Many  im- 
provements have  been  and  are  being  put  in.  The  prices 
asked  for  5,  10  and  20  acre  lots  are  so  very  low  that  no 
buyer  can  help  making  money  on  the  strong  advance 
which  is  sure  to  come  in  the  immediate  future,  and  the 
terms  are  extremely  eas)^  —  one-fourth  .  cash,  balance  one, 
two,  three  and  four  3^ears,  at  six  per  cent  interest. 

The  owners  of  Montebello  respectfully  refer  strangers 
who  desire  to  make  inquiries,  to  R.  G.  Dun  &  Co.,  Brad- 
street,  or  any  bank  in  Los  Angeles. 

Booklet,  with  maps,  etc.,  free  upon  application.  For 
particulars  apply  to 

K.  COHN  &  CO.,  Owners, 

415  N.  Main  Street. 

Or  P.  J.  STEELE,  Special  Agent, 

Room  216,  Currier  Block, 

Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


A  New  Field. 

D.  COOL/EY,  president  of  the  Pacific  Coast  Underwriting  Company, 
in  speaking  of  the  field  that  his  company  is  occupying  in  the  oil  in- 
*  dustry  said  to  a  representative  of  Industry  :  "Our  aim  will  be  mainly 
to  aid  companies  to  incorporate,  insure  the  sale  of  their  stock  by  means  of  bonds 
indemnifying  the  purchaser  against  loss  and  the  assuring  to  the  investors  a  cer- 
tainty that  they  will  not  lose  anything  but  the  interest  on  their  investment  dur- 
ingthe  tenure  of  the  bonds. 

"This  method  of  underwriting  has  been  common  in  Europe  for  upward  of 
sixty  years,  but  it  is  only  of  few  years'  practice  in  theUnited  States.  We  are 
the  pioneers  on  this  Coast.  Our  bonds  are  gilt-edged,  being  secured  by  the 
Continental  Building  and  LoanAssociation  of  San  Francisco.  We  do  not  con- 
fine our  operations  to  oil,  but  to  all  industrial  stock  companies.  During  the  time 
we  have  been  in  operation  here  we  have  underwritten  the  stocks  of  120  com- 
panies, both  oil  and  of  various  industrial  characters,  and  we  have  incorporated 
34  oil  companies  as  well.  We  are  a  necessity,  so  to  speak.  It  is  an  insurance 
guarding  against  wild-catting,  and  an  aid  toward  the  securing  of  capital  for 
those  who  have  a  good  thing  and  have  not  sufficient  means  to  operate  with. 

"  Our  rates  to  correspondents  are,  furthermore,  lower  than  those  offered  by 
any  company  ;  this  because  we  will  not  underwrite  a  company  unless  it  has  men 
of  integrity  behind  it  and  good  prospects  of  success.  The  tenure  of  our  bonds 
is  ten  years.  One  of  these  bonds  accompanies  every  block  of  stock  which  is  sold 
by  a  company  which  we  may  underwrite,  payable  at  any  bank  or  place  where  the 
purchaser  of  the  stock  may  elect.  It  insures  him  the  full  value  of  his  stock  at 
the  end  of  that  period,  so  all  that  he  would  lose  would  be  his  interest.  We,  at 
any  time  after  his  stock  is  purchased,  will  advance  loans  of  from  42  to  80  per  cent, 
of  the  par  value  of  the  stock,  according  to  the  length  of  time  that  the  bond  has 
been  in  force,  so  it  can  readily  be  seen  that  we  have  faith  in  any  company 
which  we  may  underwrite.  We  are  careful  and  can  do  this.  It  is  simply  an  in- 
terest proposition  of  insurance  where  everyone  participating  in  it  reaps  a  benefit." 

The  main  offices  of  the  company  are  507-508-509  Parrott  Building,  San  Fran- 
cisco. Persons  desiring  capital  to  develop  oil  lands,  mines,  patents,  manufactur- 
ing business,  mercantile  business,  or  to  use  in  the  promotion  of  any  legitimate 
business  are  asked  to  communicate  with  the  company.  Satisfactory  business  and 
banking  references  can  be  given.  The  company  has  a  branch  office  at  334  Wilcox 
Building,  L/OS  Angeles,  of  which  W.  B.  Burrows  is  the  manager.  L.  C.  Dillman 
has  charge  of  its  offices  at  Seattle,  Washington. 

Petroleum  Versus  Petroleum. 

N  analysis  by  the  well  known  analytical  chemists,  J.  M.  Curtis  &  Son  of 
San  Francisco,  of  the  product  from  the  white  oil  gusher  struck  by  the 
New  Century  Co.,  of  this  city,  in  the  Placerita  Caiion,  near  Newhall,  Cal., 
makes  the  following  showing  : 

Petroleum  ether 3.66  per  cent 

Gaaoline 14.83  per  cent 

Naphtha « 30.33  per  cent 

Benzine 17.67  per  cent 

Lijfht  kerosene Z3.33  percent 

Heavy  kerosene 10.00  per  cent 

Lubricatintr  oil None 

Residuum 18  per  cent 

Total 100.00 

Specific  gravity  at  60  degrees  Fah.,  .79918. 

Equivalent  to  45.14  degrees  Baume. 

A  letter  accompanied  the  statement  from  the  chemists,  which  reads  as  follows : 

GKNTI.EMBN  :  For  refining  purposes  the  oil  would  be  divided  into  three  groups: 
First,  petroleum  ether  and  gasoline.  Second,  naphtha  and  benzine.  Third, 
the  light  and  heavy  kerosene.  We  have  no  personal  knowledge  of  the  commer- 
cial value  of  such  oils  when  refined,  but  we  are  informed  by  a  friend  who  is  in 
the  business  that  the  market  today  for  the  first  group  is  14.5  cents  per  gallon  ; 
second  group  14  cents  ;  third  group  12  cents.  Yours  truly, 

J.  M.  Curtis  &  Son. 

Its  value  may  be  closely  estimated  as  follows  : 

Petroleum   I'thcr  and  srasoline    comprisinar  18.49  i>er  cent,  C<^  14j4c  a  jral. -2.681c  a  «ral. 

Naphtha  and  benzine comprisinsr  48.00  per  cent,  (g>  14    c  a  ifal.-6.7a0c  a  aral. 

Lisrht  and  heavy  kerosene comprisintr  33.33  per  cent,  (<?>  12    c  a  jral.-3.999c  a  iral. 

Or  a  total  comprisinjjr  99.82  i>er  cent, 13.40c  a  aral. 

42  jfals.  to  the  barrel  (<«  13  2  5c  a  iral.-$5.63  a  barrel. 

Thus  we  have  in  this  case  a  demonstrated  value  five  times  that  of  the  ordinary 
California  product  which  has  made  so  many  fortunes. 


but  He  Who 
Robs  Me  of  my 

Elgin    Watch 

takes  from  me    time,   value  and  my 

reputation  for  promptness."     To   be 

deprived  of  your  Elgin    is    the    next 

'worst    thing    to    never  having 

owned  one.     An  Elgin  watch  is 

the  world's   highest   standard 

in     time-keeping.       Beautiful, 

durable,  accurate. 

Full  ruby  jeweled. 

An  Elgin  watch  always 
has  the  word  "Elgin"  en- 
graved on  the  works— 
fully  guaranteed. 

Send  for  booklet. 

ELGIN 
NATIONAL 
WATCH  CO., 
Ei^in.  in. 


The 

Chickering 

Leads 


And  has  been  at  the  head  of  every  piano  made  for  78  years.  If  you 
want  the  piano  that  is  most  nearly  perfect — the  one  that  will  g-ive  you 
the  most  satisfaction  and  always  render  the  sweetest  music — you'll  buy 
a  Chickering  every  time.  The  finest  nmsicians  of  the  land  always  use 
a  Chickering.  We  are  the  sole  authorized  agents  of  the  Chickering 
firm  selling   under    the    full    Chickering     guarantee    in    the     Southwest. 

Southern  California  Music  Co*^ 

2 J 6-2 J 8  West  Third  Street,  Bradbury  Building:,  Los  Ang-eles,  CaL 


Reliable  help  promptly  furnished.    Ifummel  Bros.  &  Co.    Tel.  Main  509 


MSCELLANEOUS 


LA  PALOMA 


A  CAI.IFORNIA. 
TOILET  SOAP 
DELICATELY    PERFUMED 


FOR  SALE  BY  ALL  DRUGGISTS 

If  unable  to  secure  it  at  your  dru(f  store,  forward 
U8  10  cents  for  one  cake  or  25  cents  for  box  of 
three  cakes,  and  we  will  mail  it,  postaRe  prepaid. 
Los  Angeles  Soap  Co..  633  E.  First  St.,  Los  Angeles.  Cal. 

WTSELL  THE  EaRTH 


BASSETT  k  SMITH 


We  deal  in  all  kinds  of  Real  Estate. 
Orchard  and  Resident  Prop>erty. 
Write  for  descriptive  pamphlet. 

232  W.  Second  St.,  Room  208,  Los  Angeles,  Cal 

ENAMEL  YOUR  BICYCLE 

yourself.  Oiirenanu'l  is  api)lied  with  a  brush, 
and  needs  no  baking  to  harden  it.  Six  colors  : 
Black,  White,  Maroon.  Red,  Clreen  and  Blue. 
Sent  postpaid  to  any  address  for  25  cents  (silver) 
and  two  2-cent  stamps.  MAGIC  MFG.  CO.. 
Ann  Art)er,  Mich. 


A  NEW  IDEA 


Champion  window  sash  lock. 

The  best  and  cheai>est  made. 
S»-in  to  ay  flits  on  credit  to  be  paid  for  after  sold. 
Complete  agent's  outfit  for  15  cents  cash.  Sells 
four  for  25  cents.     One-half  to  agents. 

JAS.  JONKS,  JR.,  Farrsville,  Texas. 


From  Orange  Groves  to  Snow 


IN        KM      HOUR 


^SCENIC   , 
MOUNT  LOWL 


LOS  ANGtLESANpPASADEHA  ELECTRIC  RY. 


Be  Sure  of  TMs  Trip,  Whatever  Else  You  Miss. 

It  affords  an  attractive  and  comfortable 
trolley  ride  from  Los  Angreles,  throutrh  Pas- 
adena and  Altadena,  to  Rubio  Canon,  thence 
by  that  great  eng-ineeringr  feat,  the  Cable  In- 
cline, to  Echo  Mountain,  3,500  feet  above  the 
sea,  from  whence  the  mountain  trolley  line 
climbs  the  canons  and  crests  to  Ye  Alpine 
Tavern,  5,000  feet  above  sea  level,  where  are 
shady  nooks,  mountain  trails  and  carriag-e 
drives. 

Excellent  lodg-inKTs  can  be  had  on  the 
mountain  for  from  $2.50  to  $3.00  a  day,  or 
$12.50  to  $15.00  a  week,  by  those  who  wish  to 
fully  enjoy  the  mountain  climbintr,  the  in- 
vigorating-air,  visit  the  observatory,  watch 
the  distant  scintillating  and  fan-like  brouch 
of  the  Los  Ang-eles  electric  lig-hts,  and  see 
the  3,000,000  candle-power  Echo  Mountain 
search  lig^ht  play  uiK>n  the  valley  below. 

Cars  leave  Third  and 
Spring  Sts. 
K.  C.  Sattlky,  Passenger  Agent, 
IMione  Main  900.  250  S.  Spring-,  Los  Anareles. 


MT.  LOWE  RY. 


Beautiful  Bust 

GUARANTEED. 

A   Bust   Developer 

THAT    l>KVELOPKS. 
SAKK,   SUKK,  PERMANENT. 

Beautiful  booklet  mailed 
showing-  a    perfectly    de- 
Nfloped   form,  <m  receipt 
i>t  2cts.  to  pay  postag-e. 
I  he  Madame  Taxis  Toilet  Co. 

oipT.  12.    OHioAtto.  III. 


Southern  California 


should 
not  fail  to  see 

AZUSA 

24   miles  from  Ivos  Ang^eles, 
on  the  Kite-shaped  track  of 
Mo-TP-T   A'/T  QA  the  Santa  Fe  Ry. 

HOTEL   AZXjSA.  -^ 

It  has  first-class  hotel  accommodations,  g-ood  drives  and  fine  scenic  sur- 
rounding-s.  Its  educational,  social  and  religious  facilities  are  complete. 
It  is  surrounded  by  the  most  productive  and  beautiful  orange  and  lemon 
groves  in  the  world,  and  as  a  place  of  residence  is  warmer  in  winter  and 
cooler  in  summer  than  many  other  famous  orange  districts. 
.    For  especial  information  or  complete  and  handsome  illustrated  literature, 


Visitors 


Write 


C.  D.  GRIFFITHS,  Sec'y 
Azusa,  California. 


Chamber  of  Commerce 


Conscientiousness. . . . 

A  customer  said  to  me  the  other  day,  "  you  must  take  a 
deep  interest  in  your  profession  and  love  to  do  thing's  rigrht, 
for  you  have  done  more  on  my  teeth  than  the  price  agrreed 
upon  called  for,  and  have  meanwhile  imparted  much  useful 
information." 

I  do  not  need  to  indulge  in  sensational  newspaper  ad- 
vertising-—my  customers  speak  for  me  everywhere. 

Skillful,  conscientious  work  today  will  bring-  tomorrow's 
customers. 


Spinks  Blk., 

cor.  Fifth  and 

Hill. 

Phone  Red  3261 


'M 

\ 

y'^/y<^\y^^ 

MM- 

EAMES  TRICYCLE  CO. 

Manufacturers  and  patentees  of  the  very 
latest  designs  of  Tricycles  for  the  crip- 
pled. Also  Tricycles  for  those  who  would 
like  the  pleasures  of  cycling  and  do  not 
ride  the  bicycle.  Wheel  chairs  for  inval- 
ids, and  Hospital  Appliances.  Send  for 
illustrated  catalogue. 

EAMES  TRICYCLE  CO.  iirrS'," 


INVESTMENTS,  ETC 


^    X      ORANGE   AND    LEMON 
^/  GROVES 

The  most  profitable  varieties  on  the  best  soil 
the  finest  condition.     I  have    more    than    I   want 


-t- 


NOW  PAYING  A  GOOD 

INCOME  ON  PRICE 

REQUIRED. 


WILL  PAY  A  BETTER 

INCOME  AS  TREES 

GET  OLDER. 


take  care  of,  and  will  sell  part  in  ten-acre  tracts  at  prices 
below  present  conservative  values.     Write  me  for   >    ^ 
^^  V   particulars,    Better  vet,  come  and  see  propertx .  ^r   ^^^ 

%\  A.  P.  GRIFFITH,  Azusa,  Gal.  Xa"^ 


V 


^fffefel 


210  SO.  BROADWAY 

OPEN   DAY  AND  NIGHT 


E.  G.  JUDSON,  REAL  ESTATE 


and  investment  securities, 
orange  groves,  town  lots, 
business  property.  A  residence  of  24  years  gives  me  a  thorough  khowledge 
of  all  kinds  of  property.  Can  refer  by  permission  to  either  of  the  local  banks. 
Send  for  illustrated  pamphlet. 


OFFICE,  102  ORANGE  STREET, 


BEDLANDS,  CAL, 

^  Miniature  Portrait  Paintings  on  Porcelain 


YOU    .\KK    C.IVKN    (^KRKTING    BY 

J.   CORRY   BAKER 

wlio  wishes  yim  to  know  that  hi'  furnishes  (leliorhtful  tniniaturos  at  low  prices.  He  will 
copy  any  phototrraph,  flruaratttoelrKr  a  luTfect  likeness  and  absolute  permanency  of  color- 
intr.  Artistic  s<mls  wishin?  to  preserve  a  beautiful  likeness  of  some  dear  one,  should  post 
at  once  a  request  ft)r  information,  addressed  to  him  and  to 


»«-^ 


DENVER,   COLO. 


■2*S-7§ 


MISCELLANEOUS 


^ 


^  Suits, 


^ 


Ladies'  Tailor  Made 
Skirts    and 


Coats  ^ 


VERY  garment  cut  and  made 
to  measure,  of  cloth,  lining 
and   style    selected   by  cus- 


tomer. 


COMPLETE  OUTFIT  FREE 


consisting  of 
book  contain- 
ing 100  illus- 
trations of 
latest  styles, 
250  samples 
of  cloth, 
Stan  dard 
Com  bi  nation 
Tape  Measure 
etc.,  etc. 

We     Sell 

Cloth 
by  the  Yard 

A  good  mer- 
chant wanted 
in  every  town 
to  take  our 
agency.  Write 
to 


I   STANDARD    LADIES'    TAILORING    CO.    | 
^  266-268  Franklin  St.,  Chicago.  W. 


'BarKEI'  BRAND'' 

^"^^I'CnDars  &  Cuffs  Jfif^- 
fAcioRy  v/EST-moY.  NY.  '*E^' 

SACKS    BKOS  &  CO. 
San    Pranclsoo    Coasir   Agents 

ATVfC'TV/,  TPil7  A  Champion  window  sash  lock. 
iNJCtW  IJ^TL/X*  The  best  and  cheapest  made 
Sent  to  agents  on  credit  to  be  paid  for  after  sold.  Complete 
agent's  outfit  for  15  cents  cash.  Sells  four  for  26  centa.  One- 
half  to  agents.    JAS.  JONES,  JR.,  Farrsville,  Texas. 


w 


ILL  develop  or  reduce 
any  part  of  the  body 

A  Perfect  Complexion  Beantifler 
and 

Remover  of  Wrinkles 

Dr.  John  Wilson  Glbbs' 

THE  ONLY 

Electric  Massage  Roller 

(Patented  United  Stetes,   Europe, 
Canada.) 
"  Its  work  is  not  confined  to  the 
T    J    «    .-  T.       ,.      J       '*<*«  alone,  but  will  do  good  to  any 
Trade-Mark  Registered.      part  of  the  body  to  which  it  is  ap- 
plied, developing  or  reducing  as  desired.     It  is  a  very  pretty 
addition  to  the  toilet-table."— Chicago  Tribune. 

"This  delicate  Electric  Beautifler  removes  all  facial  blemishes. 
It  is  the  CHily  positive  remover  of  wrinkles  and  crow's-feet.  It 
never  fails  to  perform  all  that  is  expected."— Chicago  Times- 
Berald. 

"The  Electric  Roller  is  certainly  productive  of  good  results. 
I  believe  it  the  best  of  any  appliances     It  is  safe  and  effective ." 
— Habuit  Httbbard  AT«a,  New  York  World. 

For  Massage  and  Curative  Purposes 

An  Electric  Roller  in  all  the  term  implies.  The  invention  of  a 
physician  and  electrician  known  throughout  this  country  and 
Europe.  A  most  perfect  complexion  beautifler  Will  remove 
wrinkles,  "crow's-feet"  (premature  or  from  age),  and  all  facial 
blemishes— POSITIVE.  Whenever  electricity  is  to  be  used  for 
massaging  or  curative  purposes,  it  has  no  equal.  No  charging. 
Will  last  forever.  Always  ready  for  use  on  ALL  PARTS  OF  THE 
BODY,  for  all  diseases.  For  Rheumatism,  Sciatica,  Neuralgia, 
Nervous  and  Circulatory  Diseases,  a  specific  The  professional 
standing  of  the  inventor  (you  are  referred  to  the  public  press 
for  the  past  fifteen  years),  with  the  approval  of  this  country 
and  Europe,  is  a  perfect  guarantee.  PRICE  :  Qold,  $4  00, 
Silver,  $3.00.  By  mail,  or  at  office  of  Gibbs'Company,  1370 
Broadway,  New  Yobk.    Circular  free. 

The  Only 
Electric  Roller. 
All  others 
80  called  are 
Fraudulent 
— _      Imitations. 

Copyright. 
"Can  take  a  pound 
a  day  off  a  patient, 
or  put  it  on." — New 
York  Sun,  Aug.  30, 
1891.  Send  for  lec- 
ture on  "Great  Sub- 
ject of  Fat."     NO  DIETING.    NO  HARD  WORK.    [Copyright. 

Dr.  John  Wilson  Glbbs'  Obesity  Cure 
For  the  Permanent  Reduction  and  Cure  of  Obesity 

Purely  Vegetable.  Harmless  and  Positive.  NO  FAILURE.  Your 
reduction  is  assured — reduced  to  stay.  One  month's  treatment 
16.00.  Mail,  or  office,  1370  Broadway,  New  York  "On  obesity. 
Dr.  Gibbs  is  a  recognized  authority.— N.  Y.  Press,  1899." 

REDUCTION  GUARANTEED. 

"The  cure  is  based  on  Nature's  laws."— New  York  Herald, 
July  9,  1893. 


Wk  Make  a  Specialty  of 

SHOES  BY  MAIL 

If  you  will  write  u.s,  stating-  plainly 
what  size  and  width  and  style  of  a 
shoe  you  want,  and  send  us  the 
amount  3^ou  want  to  pay,  we  will 
g-uarantee  to  g^ive  you  the  nobbiest 
and  best  shoe  for  the  money  in  the 
Southwest.  Your  money  returned 
if  you  are  not  entirely  satisfied.  All 
correspondence  receives  careful  at- 
tention  by    a    member   of  the  firm. 

C.  M.  STAIB  SHOE  CO. 

255  S.  Broadway 


EDUCATIONAL 


POMONA  COLLEGE 


Claremont, 
California. 


Courses  leading  to  degrees  of  B.A.,  B.S.,  and 
B.  L.  Its  degrees  are  recognized  by  Univer- 
sity of  California,  Stanford  University,  and 
all  the  Eastern  Universities. 

Also  preparatory  School,  fitting  for  all 
Colleges,  and  a  School  of  Music  of  high 
grade.       Address, 

FRANK  T.,  FITBOUSON,  President 


THE  CHAFFEY  SCHOOL 


ONTARIO. 
Southern  Cal. 

Most  healthful  and  beautiful  location.  Well 
endowed.  Prepares  for  any  university.  Teach- 
ing or  business  Fully  accredited  by 
State  University. 

OIRLS  trained  foi  the  home  and  society  hy  cultured  lady  teach- 
ers at  Elm  Hall.    Special  teacher  in  domestic  economy. 

BOTS  developed  in  manly  qnalities  and  business  habits  by 
gentlemen  teachers  at  West  Hall.     Individual  attention. 

Piano  and  Voice,  resident  teache'i,  highest  standards. 

niastrated  catalogue.  DEAN  WILLIAM  T.  RANDALL. 

LASELL    SEMINARY 

FOR 

YOUNG   WOMEN 

AHburndale,  Mass. 

••  In  your  walking  and  sitting  so  much  more 
erect;  in  your  general  health;  in  your  conver- 
sation ;  in  your  way  of  meeting  people,  and  in 
Innumerable  ways,  I  could  see  the  benefit  you 
are  receiving  from  vour  training  and  associa- 
tions at  Lasell.  All  this  you  must  know  is  very 
gratifying  to  me." 

So  a  father  wrote  to  his  daughter  after  her 
Christmas  vacation  at  home.  It  is  unsolicited 
testimony  as  to  Lasell's  success  in  some  im- 
portant lines.  .    ^   ,    . 

Those  who  think  the  time  of  their  daughters 
is  worth  more  than  money,  and  in  the  quality 
of  the  conditions  which  are  about  ^.em  during 
Bchool-life  desire  the  very  best  that  the  East 
can  offer,  will  do  well  to  send  for  the  illus- 
trated catalogue. 

*  O.  C.  BBAODON,  Principal 


SCHOOL 

or 


NURSING 


INSTRUCTION  BY  MAIL  ONLY. 


A  thorough  and  complete  course  of  studv.  You 
can  become  a  trained  nurse  by  studying  in  your 
leisure  hours  at  home.  We  furnish  everything. 
Handsome  Diploma  when  you  graduate.  Ex- 
perienced teachers.  Long  established.  Students 
all  pleased  and  successful.  Moderate  fees.  Write 
for  catalogue,  which  is  sent  free. 

National  Correspondence  School  of  Nurs- 
ing. Masonic  Temple;  Minneapolis, 
Minn. 


Occidental  College 

LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 

Three  Courses:     classical,  Literary, 

Scientific,  leading  to  degrees  of  A.  B.,  B.  L.,  and 
B.  S.    Thorough  Preparatory  Department. 

First  semester  began  September  26, 1900. 

Address  the  President, 

Rev.  Guy  "W.  'Wadsworth. 

PASADENA 

124    S.    EUCLID    AVENUE 

MISS  ORTON'S   BOARDING  AND 

DAY  SCHOOI.  FOR  GIRLS. 

New  Buildings.  Gymnasium.  Special  care  ol 
health.  Fntire  charge  taken  of  pupils  during 
school  year  and  summer  vacation.  Certificate 
admits  to  Eastern  Colleges.  11th  year  began 
October  1,1900. 


Formerly  Casa  de  Rosas. 


GIRLS'  COLLEGIATE  SCHOOL 


Adams  and  Hoover  Sts. 
Los  Angeles.  Cal. 


Alice  K.  Parsons,  B.A., 

JBANNB  W.   DbNNBIT, 

Principals. 


The  Brownsberger  Home  School 

SHORTHAND  AND  TYPEWRITING 
903  South  Broadway.  Tel.  Blue  7051. 
70  Latest  Model  Typewriters  owned  by  this 
'*'  institution.  Only  individual  work.  Ma- 
chine at  home  free.  Hours  8:30  to  12:30,  and 
1:30  to  4:30.  The  only  school  on  the  Coast  doinsr 
practical  office  work.  Evening  school  every 
evening-.    Send  for  handsome  new  catalogue. 

College  of  Immaculate  Heart 

SELECT  BOARDING  SCHOOL 
FOR  YOUNG   LADIES 

For  particulars  address  Sister  Superior, 
Pico  Heijfhts,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


212    Sll£BST    THIRD    STRBBT 

is  the  oldest  established,  has  the  largest  attendance,  and  is  the  best  equipped 
business  college  on  the  Pacific  Coast.     Catalogue  and  circulars  free. 


THE   HaRVffRD   SCHOOI^ 

(  MII.IT  ART  ) 

>VESTERN    aVE.,    l^OS    ANGEI.KS,    caLIFORNia 

An  Eng-lish,  Classical  Boarding-  and  Day  School.  Second  term  begins  February  12th,  1901.  In 
the  founding-  of  this  school  an  effort  has  been  made  to  supply  for  Los  Ang-eles  a  much  needed  want, 
a  select  school  for  boys  in  »  home  of  its  oivn,  which  shall  compare  favorably  in  its  building-s, 
spacious  g-rounds,  appointments  and  teaching-  force  with  our  best  schools  East  or  West. 

The  citizens  of  Los  A  ng-eles  and  the  West  who  are  desirous  of  the  privileg-es  of  a  private  school  of 
a  hig-h  g-rade,  and  those  people  of  the  East  who  for  reasons  of  health  desire  for  their  sons  an  excellent 
school  in  our  unsurpassed  climate,  are  especially  invited  to  investig-ate. 

City  Office,  207  W.  Third  St.  GRENVILLE  C.  EMERY,  A.  B.,  Head  Master. 

References  by  Permission  :  Charles  W.  Eliot,  LL.  D.,  Pres't  Harvard  University. 

Hon.  Wm.  P.  Frye,  Pres't  Pro  Tempore  United  States  Senate. 


A  boys'  school  giving  thor- 
ough drill  in  the  common 
branches,  and  preparing  for 
all  courses  at  college.  Indi- 
vidual instruction  — manual 
training  —  systematic  physi- 
cal culture  are  some  of  the 
advantages  offered. 

Los  Angeles 


Academy 


(Military) 


A  CLASSICAL  AND  ENGLISH  DAY 
AND  BOARDING  SCHOOL 

Re-opened  September  25th 
1900.  Terminus  Westlake 
branch  of  Traction  line. 

Parents  will  find  our  illus- 
trated catalogue  helpful  in 
deciding  upon  a  school. 

Mailed  upon  request. 

Sanfokd  a  Hooper, 

Head  Master. 
Edward  L.  Habdy,  Associate 


CALIFORNIA 
SOUVENIRS 

Sea  Shells, 

Orang-e-wood  Novelties, 
Art  Leather  Goods,  California  Bird  Eg-g-s. 

Mail  orders  promptly   filled. 

432  South   Broadway,   Los  Angeles. 

No  Money  in  Advance 

Our  elefrant  New  Jewel  Drop- 
.head  Sewing  Macliine  possess- 
ing all   the    latest   improve- 
ments, hiy:h  quality  and  thor- 
ough Wijr.niianshiiJ.    Shipped 
direct  at  $12.50,the  lowest  price 
ever  known.    30  days'  free  trial. 
Money  refu  nded  if  not  as  represent- 
ed.   GuaraTiteed  20  years.  All  at- 
tachments free.    125.000  sold. 
I  $40.00  Arlington  for.. ..$14.50 
$50.00  "  "  ....$1?.00 

$60.00  Kenwood  "  ....$31.50 
Other  Machines  at  $8.00.  $9,00  and  $10.50 
Large  illustrated  catalogue  and  testimonials  Free. 
CASH  BUYERS'  l" NION,  158-1C4  Vr.VanBuren  St.,  B-462,Chlcago 


ANYVO  TNtAIRIGAL  GOLD  GREAM 


prevents  early  wrinkles.     It  is  not  a  freckle  coating- :  it  re- 
moves them.     ANYVO  CO.,   427   N.   Main   St.,   Los  Ang-eles. 


MISCELLANEOUS 


HOT 

WftTER 

FOR 

BftTH- 

ING- 


A  HOT   BATH   IN   SEVEN 
MINITES  rOR  3  CENTS 

WITH    A 

GAS  INSTANTANEOIS 
WATER  HEATER 

Call  at  our  (ias  Appliance  Department,  453  S. 
Broadway,  where  we  keep  a  heater  constantly 
in  operation.  Hot  water  for  medicinal  purposes 
at  midniifht  takes  only  a  seconcl. 

SOLD  AT  AHSOLUTE  COST 

Los  Angeles  Lighting  Co. 
NO   LOSS  OR  WORRY 

If  Nokny's  Pkkskkvino  Powdkk  is  used.  Pr,- 
vfHts  fcrmi-ntation,  restores  badly  siM)iIed  fruit 
or  tomatoes.  Endorsed  by  all  who  have  used  it. 
One  box  will  preserve  40  quarts.  Price  35  cents 
per  box.  Trial  sample,  circulars,  etc.,  for  the 
askintf.     Address 

ZANK  NORNY  A  CO., 
P.  O.  Box  808.  Fhlladelphia,  I'm. 

Established  1869. 


fCS     fCS     fO.     rCK     ,0. 

L.  B.  Elbekson,  President. 
Wm.  Meek,  Treasurer. 


The  IVIeek  Baking  Co. 

Wholesale  and  Retail. 
Factory,  602  San  Pedro  5t. 

Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Telephone  322.     The  Lrargrest  Bakery 
on  the  Coast. 


■i?—'^- 


W    "i5 


(Jan  quickly  be  Rained  if  you  use  tiie  famous  new  '•Nadine" 
system  of  development  The  marvelous  and  unusual  suc- 
cess with  which  Mnie  Hastings'  Hustand  Form  developing 
treatment  is  met^ting  everywhere  makes  it  aoknowle<iKed 
by  society,  the  medical  profe'^sion,  and  even  by  our  com- 
petitors as  distinctly  ihe  peer  of  all  known  developers 
Unattractive  and  masculine  chested  women  are  readily 
tranHfnrmed  into  superb  Hnd  attractive  figures.  All  holl'  w 
or  slighted  parts  are  rapidly  filled  out  and  made  beaut  ful 
in  rontour.  It  never  fails  ana  is  absolutely  guaranteed  m 
enlarge  the  female  bust  at  east  »ix  inches.  J'ou  ivill 
have  the  personal  attention  by  matt  of  a  Face 
and  Form  Specialist  until  development  is  en- 
tirely completed.  Failure  is  imposs&hle  Special  direc. 
tions  are  also  given  for  luiiking  the  Neck  and  Arms  and 
other  parts  full  and  plump.  Perfectly  harmless  ;  all 
ilevelopment  is  invariably  permanent.  Detailed  instruc- 
tions nre  also  given  by  which  15  to  30  healthy  ponnds  can 
ho  a(lde<l  til  the  body  generally,  when  so  desired  Instruc- 
tions, photos,  and  references,  sealed,  free.  Knoloee  stamp 
for  postage.  MME.  HASTINGS,  213  Omaha  Bldg.,  Chicago, 
Illinois 


JDunlop  Pneumatic  Tires 

j//]    /j\V      tor  Bicycles 
.  ff' '  nrt '  Wl  «  for  Carriages 

X      ,     '       S  for  Automobiles 


The  American  Dunlop  Tire  Co. 


nummel  Bros.  &  Co.  furnish  best  help.    300  W.  Second  St    Tel.  Mal»  509 


MISCELLANEOUS. 


Look  Prosperous... 

and  prosperity  will  be  more  likely  to  seek  you,   for  no  truer  verse 
was  ever  written  than  : 

"Lauffh,  and  the  world  laug^hs  with  you, 
Weep,  and  you  weep  alone." 

One's  position  in  business  and  social  life  must  be  pretty  well  assured 
before  he  will  escape  being- classed  as  a  "way  back"  if  he  dresses  like  one. 

We  make  Clothes  that   Fit 


from  a  choice  assortment  of  reliable,  up-to-date  g^oods. 
Call  and  see  us  and  you  will  find  that  it  is  not  always  the  price  but 
the  way  the  clothes  are  made  that  counts. 

Warner  &  Petterson 

MERCHANT  TAILORS 

508=510  Byrne  Building  j.  j.  Los  Angeles,  California  f 

4^  ^ 

49       \//^f    TD        I      IlVrClVr      Have  you  ever  encountered  ^ 

49         Y   V^U  FV       Lrfli^  Lil^       linen  starched  so  heavily  ^ 

49       ^^^^^i^^^^^mmm^^^^^^mmm^^^^^^^^mmm^      that  it  has  no  semblauce  ^ 

49       to  the  real  g-oods,  and  ironed  until  roug-h  and  sharp  at  the  edg-es  ?  }^ 

49       Is  it  comfortable  ?     Is  it  g-ood  taste  ?     With  our  modern  facilities  and  o9 

2^      interest  in  being  up-to-date,  we  g"ive  just  the  required  g-loss  without  oj 

Tq      hiding-  the  fine  texture  of  the  goods,  and  we  insure  absolute  comfort  ?! 

^       by  means  of  our  own  patent.     "  No  saw  edge  on  collars  and  cufl^s."  »- 

I        EMPIRE   LAUNDRY  I 

«        ?♦ 

^      Phone  Main  635.     149  S.  Main  St.,  Los  Angeles  ^ 


We  Sell  Orange  Orchards 

That  pay  a  steady  investment,  with  good  water  rights.     We  have  them  in  the 
suburbs  of  Pasadena,  finely  located  for  homes,  also  in  the  country  for  profit. 

FINE  HOMES  IN  PASADENA  A  SPECIALTY. 
WOOD  &  CHURCH,  16  S.  Raymond  Avenue,  Pasadena,  Cal. 

Help— All  Kinds.    See  Hummel  Bros,  ft  Ca    300  W.  Second  St    Tel.  Mala  509 


FINANCIAL,  ETC^ 


^==*©^' 


OLDEST  AND  LARGEST  BANK  IN  SOUTHERN 
CALIFORNIA. 

Tarmers  and  Merchants  Bank 

or  LOS  ANGELES,  CAL 

Capital  (  paid  up )      .    .    $500,000.00 

Surplus  and  Reserve     .      925.000.00 

Total   ....    $1,425,000.00 

OFFICERS 

I.  W.  Hellman.  Prest.      H.  W.  Hellman,  V  -Prest. 

Henry  J.  Fleishman,  Cashier 

GUSTAV  Heimann,  Assistant  Cashier 

DIRECTORS 

W.   H.   Perry.  C.   E.  Thorn.         J.  F.  Francis. 

O.  W.  Childs.    I.  W.  Hellman,  Jr..  I.  N.  Van  Nuys. 
A.  Glasseli,     H.  W.  Hellman.     I.  W.  Hellman. 

Special  Collection  Department.    Correspondence 
Invited.    Safety  Deposit  Boxes  torrent. 

First  National  Banl( 

OF  LOS  AXG£I.£S. 

Largttt  National  Bank  In  Southtrn 
California. 

Capital  Stock $400,000 

Surplus  and  Undivlt'.ed  Profits  over 260,000 

J.  M.  Elliott.  Prest.  W.  G.  Kerckhoff,  V.-Prest. 

Frank  A.  Gibson,  Cashier 

W.  T.  S.  Hammond,  Assistant  Cashier 

DIRECTORS 

J.  D.  BIcknell.     H.  Jevne.  W.  G.  Kerckhoft. 

J.  M.  Elliott,         F.  Q.  Story,        J.  D.  Hooker, 

J.  C.  Drake. 
All  Departments  of  a    Modem    Banking    Business 
Conducted. 


W.  C  Patterson,  Prest.  P.  M.  Green,  Vice-Pres. 

W.  D  WOOLWINE,  Cashier 
E.  W.  Cob,  Assistant  Cashier 


Cot,  First  and  Spring  Streets 

Capital  Stock  -  .  .  $500,000 

Surplus  and  Undioided  Profits        .         100,000 

This  bank  has  the  best  location  of  any  bank  In 
Los  Angeles.  It  has  the  largest  capital  of  any 
National  Bank  in  Southern  California,  and  is  the  only 
United  States  Depositary  in  Southern  California. 


Ok  Dck  fiou$(» 


% 


In  the  business  heart  of  San  Francisco. 
Just  a  step  from  car  lines  reaching  every 
part  of  the  city. 


HERDQUAHTEI^S    pOH 
TOURISTS   RfiD   mifiINO   CQEfl 

Modern,  newly  fitted  and  managed  with  the 
utmost  regard  to  the  comfort  and  conyenience  of 
its  guests. 

G.  W.  KINGSBURY,  Mgr. 


KINGSLEY-BARNES  &  NEUNER  CO. 


LIIVIITED 


Engravers 
Printers 
Binders 


ART  SOUVENIRS  OF  ALL 
DESCRIPTIONS     j*     jt     j» 

Finest  Work 
on  the  Coast 

Printers    and    Binders    to    The    Land     of 
o*        o*        J*     Sunshine    j*        j*        j* 


TELEPHONE  MAIN  417 


123  S.  Broadway     LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 


HISTORY.... 

COME  six  years  ago  the  Ivos 
^^  Ang-eles  Photo  Engraving 
Company  established  itself  in 
the  city  whose  name  it  bears. 
Believing  that  the  fittest  would 
survive,  its  purpose  has  always 
been  to  look  in  the  line  of  ad- 
vancement. Although  in  a  lim- 
ited field  they  have  never  deemed 
it  a  consistent  policy  to  resort 
to  annihilation  to  control  trade, 
with  the  idea  of  being  the  whole 
thing.  The  result  of  their  pol- 
icy has  put  them  in  the  lead  on 
the  Pacific  Coast  with  the  road- 
side strewn  with  the  carcasses 
of  would-be  destroyers.  Quality 
with  compensation  consistent  for 
its  production  has  made  their 
business. 


Folding 
PocKet  KodaK. 

Kodaks  can  be  operated  comfortably  out-of- 
doors  with  warmly  gloved  hands. 

Ask  your  dealer  or  write  us  for  information 
about  the  Kodak  Portrait  Attachments. 

EASTMAN  KODAK  CO. 
Rochester,  N.  Y. 


Kodaks, 

$5.00  to  $35.00. 

Catalogius  at  the 
dealers  or  by  mail. 


THK 


ONE  HUNDRED  GIGANTIC 
BIRDS 

The  Original  Ostrich   Farm  of 
America 


Babies  at  the  Farm. 

"  One  of  the  strang-est  sig-hts  of  Amer- 
ica."—iV^.  r.  7oiir?ial. 

The  Pasadena  Electric  Cars  run  direct 
to  the  entrance  every  ten  minutes,  fare  10c. 

A  complete  price  list  of  feather  Boas, 
Plumes  and  Fans  mailed  on  receipt  of  2-cent 
stamp.       EDWIN  CAWSTON, 

South  Pasadena,  Cal. 


LITERATURE  ^"^ 


OUR  CLUB  LIST 

For  the  convenience  of  our  subscribers,  old  and  new,  THE  LAND 
OF  SUNSHINE  has  arranged  with  a  number  of  leading  periodicals  to 
receive  and  forward  subscriptions*  When  ordered  alone,  such  subscrip- 
tions will  be  received  only  at  full  regular  prices*  In  combination  with 
a  subscription  for  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  (new  or  renewal), 
we  are  able  to  offer  clubbing  rates  which 

WILL  SAVE  YOU  MONEY 

To  make  our  club  list  more  valuable  to  our  readers  we  give  a  very 
brief  statement  concerning  each  magazine  —  from  its  publishers  where 
quotation  marks  are  used;  in  other  cases  from  one  of  its  readers: 

The  Argonaut  "is  a  literary,  political  and  society  weekly,  containing  vigorous 
American  Editorials,  striking  Short  Stories,  Art,  Music,  Drama  and  Society 
notes,  by  brilliant  writers."     San  Francisco,  $4.00  a  year. 

With  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $4.25. 

The  Dial,  "a  semi-monthly  journal  of  Literary  criticism,  discussion  and  infor- 
mation, has  gained  the  solid  respect  of  the  country  as  a  serious  and  impartial 
journal."     Chicago,  $2.00  a  year. 

With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $2.25.   {New  subscrip- 
tion only.) 

The  Public,  '*  a  serious  paper  for  serious  people,  is  a  weekly  review  of  history 
in  the  making,  conducted  in  the  spirit  of  Jeffersonian  democracy."  Louis  F. 
Post,  editor.     Chicago,  $1.00  a  year. 

With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $1.50. 

The  Nation  has  for  many  years  held  a  secure  place  among  the  first  half  dozen 
American  magazines.  No  serious  thinker,  once  knowing  it,  can  willingly  do 
without  it.     New  York,  $3.00  a  year. 

With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $3.75. 

The  American  Monthly  Review  of  Reviews  "is  the  one  important  maga- 
zine in  the  world  giving  in  its  pictures,  its  text,  its  contributed  articles,  edi- 
torials and  departments,  a  comprehensive,  timely  record  of  the  world's  current 
history."     New  York,  $2.50  a  year. 

With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $3.00. 

The  Literary  Digest,  "all  the  periodicals  in  one — all  sides  of  all  important 
questions."     Weekly,  32  pages,  illustrated.     New  York,  $3.00  a  year. 
With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $3.30. 

The  Atlantic  Monthly  "aims  now,  as  always  hitherto,  to  give  expression  to 
the  highest  thought  of  the  whole  country."     Boston,  $4.00  a  year. 
With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $4.23. 

The  Forum — "to  read  it  is  to  keep  in  touch  with  the  best  thought  of  the  day. 
To  be  without  it  is  to  miss  the  best  help  to  clear  thinking."  New  York,  $3.0o 
a  year. 

With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $3.30. 

The"' Arena  "presents  from  month  to  month  the  ablest  thoughts  on  the  upper- 
most problems  in  the  public  mind,  discussed  by  the  most  capable  thinkers." 
New  York,  $2.50  a  year. 

With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $2.75, 

Continued  to  next  page. 


LITERATURE 


Mind,  "  the  world's  leading-  mag-azine  of  liberal  and  advanced  thoug-ht  ...  on 
science,  philosophy,  relig^ion,  psychology,  metaphysics,  occultism,  etc."  New- 
York,  $2.00  a  year. 

With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $2.25. 

The  L/IVING  Age,  "in  each  weekly  number  of  64  pag-es,  g-ives  the  most  inter- 
esting and  important  contributions  to  the  periodicals  of  Great  Britain  and  the 
Continent."     Boston,  $6.00  a  year. 

With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $6.25, 

The  Century,  "the  leading- periodical  of  the  world,  will  make  its  most  striking- 
feature  for  1901  the  unexampled  abundance  and  variety  of  its  fiction."  New 
York,  $4.00  a  year. 

With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $4.50. 

St.  NichoIvAS — "No  one  who  does  not  see  it  can  realize  what  an  interesting-  mag- 
azine it  is  and  how  exquisitely  it  is  illustrated ;  it  is  a  surprise  to  young  and 
old."     New  York,  $3.00  a  year. 

With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $3.50. 

Harper'vS  Monthi^y — "The  strongest  serials,  the  best  short  stories,  the  best 
descriptive  and  most  timely  special  articles,  the  keenest  literary  reviews,  and 
the  finest  illustrations  in  both  black-and-white  and  color."  New  York,  $4.00 
a  year. 

With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $4.25.       EJither   Har- 
per's Bazaar  or  Harper's  Weeki^y  can  be  supplied  at  the  same  price. 

Life  is  the  only  "humorous  "  paper  in  America  which  runs  the  whole  scale  of 
humor  from  the  grotesque  to  the  ridiculous  while  never  losing  its  good-breed- 
ing, its  conscience  or  its  self-respect.     New  York,  $5.00  a  year. 
With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $5.25. 

IviPPiNCOTT's  "  IS  distinguished  from  all  other  magazines  by  a  complete  novel  in 
each  number,  besides  many  short  stories,  light  papers,  travel,  humor  and 
poetry  by  noted  authors."     Philadelphia,  $2.50  a  year. 

With  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $2.75. 

McCi^URE's  Magazine — "  Among  many  noticeable  features  will  be  Rudyard  Kip- 
ling's new  novel  "Kim,"  the  best  work  he  has  ever  produced;  "  New  Dolly 
Dialogues,"  by  Anthony  Hope  ;  a  drama  by  Elizabeth  Stuart  Phelps-Ward,  and 
unusually  interesting  historical  articles."     New  York,  $1.00. 
With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $1.75. 

The  Youth's  Companion,  "every  Thursday  in  the  year  for  every  member  of 
the  family."     Boston,  $1.75  a  year. 

With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $2.25.    {New  subscrip- 
tion only.) 

Modern  Cui^TurE,  "a  continual  feast  for  lovers  of  fiction,  but  fiction  is  not  the 
only  or  the  chief  attraction  of  this  magazine  to  thoughtful  readers."  Cleve- 
land, $1.00  a  year. 

With  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $1.50. 

Success  "is  a  monthly  home  magazine  of  inspiration,  progress  and  self-help." 
New  York,  $1.00  a  year. 

With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $1.75. 


If  you  are  in  the  habit  of  subscribing-  for  several  magazines,  the 
combination  offers  on  the  next  pag"e  will  interest  3"0U.  If  not,  this  is 
a  g-ood  time  to  g-et  into  the  habit. 

Thk  Land  of  Sunshine  Publishing  Co., 

Los  Ang-eles,  Cal. 

Continued  to  next  page. 


LITERATURE 


FEASTS  OF  GOOD  READING  AT  FAMINE  PRICES. 

Review  of  Reviews  (new),  Current  Literature  and  Land  of 
Sunshine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $6.50.     O UR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  S3. 15- 

Cosmopolitan,  McClure's,    Review  of  Reviews  (new),  Land  of 
Sunshine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $5.50.     O UR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $3. 75- 

McClure's,    Review    of    Reviews   (new).  Current    Literature, 
Land  of  Sunshine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $7.50.     OUR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $4,50, 

Lippincott's,  Review  of  Reviews   (new),   Current  Literature, 
Land  of  Sunshine. 

REG  ULAR  PRICE,  $9. 00.     O  UR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $5.50. 
Success,  Cosmopolitan,  McClure's,  Land  of  Sutstshine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $4.00,     OUR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $3.00. 

Public  Opinion  (new).  Success,  Review  of  Reviews  (new).  Cosmo- 
politan, Land  of  Sunshine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $8.00.     OUR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $4.00. 

Current  Literature,  McClure's,   Success,  Review  of  Reviews 
(new).  Cosmopolitan,  Land  of  Sunshine. 

.  REGULAR  PRICE,  $9.50.     OUR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $5.00. 

The  Dial,  The  Arena,  Lipincott's,  Harpers,  Land  of  Sunshine. 
REGULAR  PRICE,  $12.00.     OUR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $9.00. 

Atlantic  Monthly,  Harper's,  Century,  Review  of  REviEws(new), 
Current  Literature,  Land  of  Sunshine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $18.50.     OUR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $13.50. 

Scribner'vS,  The  Nation,  The  Dial  (new).  Current  Literature 
Review  of  Reviews  (new).  Land  of  Sunshine. 

REGULA R  PRICE,  $14.50.     O  UR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $10.50. 

The  Argonaut,  Harper's,  Current  Literature,  Review  of  Re- 
views (new).  Land  of  Sunshine. 

REG  ULA  R  PRICE,  $14.50.     O  UR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $10. 00. 
St  Nicholas,  Youth's  Companion  (new),  Land  of  Sunshine. 

REG  ULA  R  PRICE,  $5. 75.     O  L  R  C  E  UB  RA  TE,  $4. 75. 

If  you  do  not  find  just  the  combination  3'ou  would  like  among  these 
named,  write  us  just  what  3'ou  want  and  we  will  probably  be  able 
to  name  a  satisfactory  price. 

Full  remittance  must  accompany  all  orders. 

The  Land  of  Sunshine  Publishing  Co., 


LITERATURE 


A  Weekl}'  Feast  to  Nourish  HungT}-  Minds."— ^V.  T,  Evangelist. 


Founded  By  E.  IvlTTEl/Iv  In  1844 


rnt  LIVING  AGE 

A    WEEKLY    MAGAZINE    OF 

FOREIGN  PERIODICAL  LITERATURE 

A  Necessity  ^^  Every   Reader  of  Intelligence  and    Literary  Taste 

"  The  Siege  of  the  Legations  " 

The  Living  Agk  will  beg-in  in  its  issue  for  November  17,  and  will  con- 
tinue for  several  successive  numbers,  a  thrilling"  account  of  **  The  Siege  of  the 
Legations/'  written  by  Dr.  Morrison,  the  well  known  correspondent  of  The 
lyondon  Times  at  Peking-.  This  narrative  is  of  absorbing-  interest  in  its  descrip- 
tions of  the  daily  life  of  the  besieg-ed  leg-ationers,  and  it  is  noteworthy  also  as 
containing-  some  disclosures  relating-  to  the  inside  history  of  what  went  on  at 
Peking  in  those  stirring  days,  which  are  altogether  new  and  of  the  utmost  im- 
portance. The  unusual  length  of  Dr.  Morrison's  narrative  has  precluded  and 
probably  will  preclude  any  other  publication  of  it  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic. 
In  England  it  has  attracted  wide  notice. 


Each  Weekly  Number  Contains  Sixty=four  Pages 

in  which  are  given  without  abridgment,  the  most  interesting  and  important 
contributions  to  the  periodicals  of  Great  Britain  and  the  Continent,  from  the 
weighty  articles  in  the  quarterlies  to  the  light  literary  and  social  essays  of  the 
weekly  literary  and  political  journals.  Science,  politics,  biography,  art,  travel, 
public  affairs,  literary  criticism  and  all  other  departments  of  knowledge  and 
discussion  which  interest  intelligent  readers  are  represented  in  its  pages. 

Each  Number  Contains 

a  short  story  and  an  installment  of  a  serial  story ;  and  translations  of  striking 
articles  from  French,  German,  Italian  and  Spanish  periodicals  are  made  ex- 
pressly for  the  magazine  by  its  own  staff  of  translators. 

The  lyiviNG  Age  has  ministered  for  over  fifty -six  years  to  the  wants  of  a 
large  class  of  alert  and  cultivated  readers,  and  is  today  perhaps  even  more 
valuable  than  ever  to  those  who  wish  to  keep  abreast  of  current  thought  and 
discussion. 

Published  WEEKLY  at  $6.00  a  year,  postpaid.    Single  Numbers 

15  Cents  Each. 


FREE  FOR  THREE  MONTHS 


Until  the  edition  is  exhausted  there  will  be  sent  to  each  new  subscriber  for 
1901,  on  request,  the  numbers  of  The  Living  Age  from  Oct.  1st  to  December 
31st,  1900.  These  numbers  will  contain  The  Siege  of  the  Legations,  as  above, 
Heinrich  Seidel's  attractive  serial,  The  Treasure,  and  the  opening  chapters  of 
A  Parisian  Household  by  Paul  Bourg^et.  These  serials  are  copyrighted  by 
THE  LIVING  AGE  and  will  appear  only  in  this  magazine. 

Address  THE)  LIVING  AGE  CO.,  P.  O.  Box  5206,  Boston. 


-^^?rSr-='- 


SStSl-, 


MISCELLANEOUS 


VOIR  CHOICE  AT  HAir -PRICE 

Half-tone  and 
Line  Etching  Cuts 

We  have  accumulated  over  2000  cuts  of  Cali- 
fornia,   Arizona,    and    Nevj    Mexico    subjects 
which  have  been  used  in  the  Land  of  Sun-  \ 
SHINE.    They  are  practically  as  good  as  new, 
but  will  be  sold  at  half-price,  viz.,    8j^c  a 
square  inch  for  half-tones  larg-er  than  ten 
square  inches  and  $1  for  those  under  that 
size  with  40c  additional  for  vig-nettes.     Line 
etchinfifs,  5c  a  square  inch   for    those  over  , 
ten  square  inches  and  50c  for  those  under  i 
that  size. 

If  you  cannot  call  at  our  office  send  $1.50  , 
to  cover  express  charg-es  on  proof  bork  to  be  ' 
sent  to  yau  for  inspection  and  return.  The  ' 
book  is  not  for  sale  and  must  be  returned 
promptly. 

If  you  order  cuts  to  the  amount  of  $5  the  \ 
cost  of  expressag-e  on  the  proof  book  will  be  \ 
refunded. 

Land  of  Sunshine  Pub,  Co. 

Room  7,   No.  121  >^  S.   Broadway 
Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Why  suffer  with  Corns  f  Corn  Killer  will 
positively  cure  hard  or  soft  corns.  Price  25c. 
R.  H.  Supply  Co.,  L.  Bx.  522,  Cumberland  Mills, 
Maine. 


Hypnotism     and    Animal    Magnetism — 
Original  Method.     A  Great  Book,  JO  cents 
postpaid.       Catalogue  of  rare  and  wonder- 
ful Books  free  with  each  order. 
Address  :        H.  P.  STRUPP, 

Dept.  3,  Gtmbelltown,  Pa. 


HavHDB  Cigars,  full  size. 


MUSICAL  PARLOR  CLOCK 

To  successfully  introduce  our  Eagle 
Havana  Cigars  in  every  county,  reliable 
persons  furnished  FREK  a  MUSICAL 
HA  K LOR  CLOCK.  The  olock  is  best 
American,  runs  eight  days  with  one 
windinK,  strikes  hours  and  half  hours, 
has  Winsted  onyx  case,  with  gilt  orna- 
ments, is  17  inches  lung.  This  CLO('K 
plays  automatically  and  produces 
charming  selectii  ns,  from  operas  to  pop- 
ular songs  or  hymns,  and  sells  as  high 
«s  $25  To  every  person  sending  us  60c 
and  names  of  six  cigar  smokers  we  will 
ship  prepiiid  free  of  nil  charges,  se- 
curelv  pack.-.l.  our  PRKMll'M  MUSIC .\L 
OFKKK  iiiirt  a  SHmple  box   of  our  K.igle 

Eagle  Mfg.  Co.  21  JohnSt..N.Y. 


I 


^ 


.. -,r-<- -t.-.r 


Telephone  Main  71 


Eureka  Stables 


W.  M.  OSBORN,  Prop. 


Tjivery  and 
Boarding^... 


323  W.  Fifth  St. 


All-I>ay  Tally-Ho 

KxcurHionn,  Kound     Los  Ansrelos,  Cal. 

Trip  Wl.OO 


Ilummel  Bros.  &  Go.,  employment  Agents,  300  W.  Second  St    Tel.  Mala  509 


TRANSPORTATION 


Quick  and 
Comfortable.*. 


She^s  fast»  but  charming. 

To  know  her  is  to  know  the  limit 


California  Limited 


ON    THE    SANTA    FE 


TRANSPORTATION 


0 


CEANrC  S.  S.  CO.-nONOLlJLl] 
APIA,  AlCKLAND  and  SYDNEY 


HONOLULU 


SAMOA,TAH,!i.    icEMIICSTEAMSHIPft 


NEW  ZEALAND, 
AUSTRALIA. 


(My  Sicwr  te  ti  teWMBtadj«>t  Wk 

Tu  South  Sea  Islands. 

UMVt  T«»»  T«»—  • 


Send  10  cents  postage  for 
"  7V/^  to  Hawaii,"  with  fine 
photographic  illustrations. 
5o  cents  for  new  edition  of 
Mme,  with  beautiful  colored  plate  illustrations  ; 
20  cents  postage  for  "  Talofa,  Summer  Sail  to 
South  Seas,"  also  in  colors,  to  Ocbanic  S.  S.  Co., 
643  Market  St.,  San  Francisco. 

Throug-h  steamers  sail  to  Honolulu 
three  times  a  month  ;  to  Samoa,  New 
Zealand  and  Sydney,  via  Honolulu, 
every  three  weeks. 

Steamer  Australia  makes  round  trip 
every  thirty-three  days  to  Tahiti. 

J.  D.  SPRECKELS  &  BROS.  CO., 
643  Market  Street,  San  Francisco. 

HUGH  B.  RICK,  Agent, 

230  8.  Spring  St.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Pacific  Coast  Steamship  Ca 


The  company's  elejrant  steam- 
ers leave  as  follows  : 

FOR  SAN  FRANCISCO, 

callintfonly  at  Redondo,  Port 

Los  AnR-fles  and  Santa 

Barbara. 


Leave      REDONDO.      SANTA      ROSA      and 

QUEEN,  Wednesdays  and  Saturdays,  «a.m. 
Leave  PORT  LOS  ANGELES.  SANTA  ROSA 

and  QUEEN,  Wednesdays  and  Saturdays, 
11:30  a.m. 

Arrive  at  San  Francisco  Thursdays  and  Sun- 
days, 1  p.m. 
Leave  SAN  PEDRO.    CORONA  and  IIONITA, 

Sundays  and  Thursdays,  6:25j).tn. 
J^eave   EAST   SAN    PEDRO.     CORONA    and 

BONITA,  Sundays  and  Thursdays,  6:30  p.m. 

FOR  SAN  DIE(iO. 

Leave  PORT  LOS  ANGELES.  SANTA  ROSA 
and  QUEEN,  Mondays  and  Thursdays,  4  p.m. 

Leave  REDONDO.  SANTA  ROSA  and 
QUEEN,  Mondays  and  Thursdays,  M  p.m. 

Due  at  San  Diejro  Tuesdays  and  Fridays,  6  a.m. 

The  company  reserves  the  rijfht  l<>  chanire 
steamers,  sailincr  days,  and  hours  of  sailinir, 
witliout  previous  notice. 

W.  PARRIS,  Ajrent,  124  West  Second  St.,  Los 
Anireles.  GOODALL,  PERKINS  &  CO.,  Gen- 
eral  Aarents,  San  Francisco. 


Faster  than  ever 
to  Chicago 


CHICAGO 

&  NORTH-WESTERN 

RAILWAY 


T^HE  train  for  the  East  is  The  Overland 
Limited.  Leaves  Los  Angeles  daily 
6.45  p.  m.,  San  Francisco  at  10.00  a.  m., 
via  Chicago- Union  Pacific  &  North- Western 
Line,  arrives  Chicago  9.30  a.  m.  third  day. 
No  change  of  cars;  all  meals  in  dining 
cars.  Another  fast  train  leaves  Los 
Angeles  daily  10.20  p.  m.  and  San  Fran- 
cisco 6.00  p.  m.  Best  service,  quickest 
time.  For  tickets  and  reservations  apply 
to  ticket  agents  or  address  W.  D.  Camp- 
bell, 247  So.  Spring  Street,  Los  Angeles, 
Cal. 


Parcels  Delivered  to  any  part  of  the  City  for 

10  cents  each.    Special  rates  to  Merchants. 

Office  hours,  7:30 a.m.  to 6  p.m.  Saturdays.lOp.ra. 

Specials  and  Shipments  Promptly  Made. 

AGENT  FOR  HEALTH-OIVINQ  BYTHINIA. 

C.  H.  FiNUEY,  Manager,  145-147  N.  Broadway. 
Telephone  Main  940. 


OPALS 


75,000 

Genuine 
Mexican 
OPALS 

For  sale  at  less  than  half  price.   We  want  an  agent  in 
every  town  and  city  in  the  U.  S.  Send  86c.  for  sampls 
opal  worth  |2.    Good  agents  make  $10  a  day. 
Mexican  Opal  Co.,  607  Frost  Bldg.,  Los  Angeles.  CaL 
Bank  reference.  State  Loan  and  Trust  Oo. 


TRANSPORTATION 


Sunset  limited 


THREE  TIMES  A  WEEK 


EQUIPMENT 

Composite  observation  car  (smoking* 
and  reading"  apartment  with  library,  easy 
chairs,  writing  desk,  buffet,  barber  shop 
and  bath)  ;  ladies'  compartment  car  (seven 
compartments  and  ladies'  observation  par- 
lor with  library  and  escritoire  —  maid  in 
attendance)  ;  a  stateroom-section  car  (six 
sections,  three  staterooms  and  a  drawing- 
room),  a  Pullman  standard  sleeper  (four- 
teen sections  and  drawing--room)  and  a 
diner  (the  best  in  food,  service  and  appoint- 
ments). 


NEW  ORLEANS 
WASHINGTON 
PHILADELPHIA 
NEW  YORK 
BOSTON 

CHICAGO 
and  all  Principal 
Eastern  Cities. 


Leaves  Los  Angeles,  East-bound,  at  8:00  a.m»,  on  Tuesdays,  Thursdays  and 
Saturdays. 

Leaves  New  Orleans,  West-bound,  at  10:45  a.m.,  on  Mondays,  Thursdays 
and  Saturdays. 

THE  FASTEST  LONG  DISTANCE  TRAIN  IN  THE  WORLD 

^-  ""• '-'' and  pi'  Ag^nn  Los  Angeles,  Cai.     SoutHem  Pacific  Company. 


THE   LOS   ANGELES -PACIFIC    RAILWAY 


The  Delightful  Scenic  Route 


I  •••••••• •••••••• •••• •••••••• • •••••••• •»•••••••••• 


•  To  Santa  cMonica 


And  Hollywood 


Fine,  Comfortable  Observation  Cars  Free  from  Smolce,  etc. 

Cars  leave  Fourth  street  and  Broadway,  I^os  Angeles,  for  Santa  Monica  via.  Sixteenth  street, 
every  half  hour  from  6:38  a.m.  to  8:35  p.m  ,  then  each  hour  till  11:35;  or  via  Believue  Ave.  for 
Colegrove  and  Sherman,  every  hour  from  6:15  a  m.  to  11:15  p.m.,  returning  from  Santa  Monica 
every  thirty  to  sixty  minutes  from  5:50  a.m.  to  10:40  p.m.  Cars  leave  Ocean  Park,  Santa 
Monica,  at  5:50  and  6:20  a.m.  and  every  half  hour  thereafter  till  7:40  p.m.,  thereafter  at  8:40,  9:40 
and  10:40. 

Cars  leave  Los  Angeles  for  Santa  Monica  via.  Hollywood,  and  Sherman  via.  Believue  Ave. 
everyhour  froji  6:45  a.m.  to  11:45  p.m. 

Btf"  For  complete  time  table  and  particulars  call  at  ofl&ce  of  company, 

316-322    WEST    FOURTH    STREET,    LOS    ANGELES 

TROI^IiEY  PARTIES  BY  DAY  OR  NIGHT  A  SPECIAIiTY. 

••••• •••••••• •••••••• •••••••• •••••••• •••••••• •••••••• 


DINNER  SET 


FREE 


for  selling  24  boxes  Salvona  Soaps  or  bottles  Salvona  Perfumes,  To  in 
troduce  our  Soaps  and  Perfumes,  ^ve  give  free  to  every  purchaser  of  a 
box  or  bottle,  a  beautiful  cut  glass  pattern  10-inch  fruit  bowl,  or  choice  of 
many  other  valuable  articles.  To  the  agent  who  sells  24  boxes  soap  we 
give  our  50-piece  Dinner  Set,  full  size,  handsomely  decorated  and  gold 
lined.  We  also  give  Curtains,  Conches,  Kookers,  8portlner  Goods,  8ewine  Machines.  Parlor  Lamps,  Musical 
Instruments  of  all  kinds  and  many  other  premiums  for  selling  Salvona  Soaps  and  Perfumes.  We  allow  you  15  days 
to  deliver  goods  and  collect  for  them.  We  give  cash  commission  if  desired.  No  money  required.  Write  to-day 
for  our  handsome  illustrated  catalogue  free.    SALVONA  SOAP  CO.,    Second  <L- Locust  Sts.,    ST.  LOITIS,  MO. 


FOR  THE  GARDEN 


)®®®®®®®®®®®®®(^^^^ 


'Your  Grandmother's  Garden,"  we  are  sure, 
ontained  many  rare  flowers  and  delicious  vege- 
ables,  which  doubtless  came  from  our  house,  as 
ve  have  supplied  the  most  discriminating  people 
or  over  half  a  century.    Our  1901  Catalogue  of  ^Q_, 

"EVEIRVTHIINIG     FOR     THE     GARDEIM" 

s  the  grandest  yet— really  a  book  of  190  pages— 700  engravings  and  8  superb  colored  plates  of  Vegetables  and  Flowers.    A  perfect  i 
>f  information  on  {jfarJen  topics. 

To  K:ive  our  Catalojrue  the  largest  possible  distribution,  we  make  the  following-  liberal  offer: 
EVERV  EIlVlR-rV  EIMVELORE  COUIMTS  AS  CASH. 
fo  every  one  who  will  state  where  this  advertisement  was  seen,  and  who  incloses  10  cents  (in  stamps),  we  will  mail 
Zatalogue,  and  also  send  free  of  charge,  our  famous  50'Cent  "Garden"  Collection  of  seeds,  containing  one  packet  eacl 
JttbiUc  Phlox,  (iiant  Victoria  Aster,  (Hunt  Ftuicy  I'aiisy,Piuk  Plume  C  cltry.  Mignonette  Lett  iici-,Bindi  Lor  il/ard  Tom 
n  a  red  envelope,  which  when  emptied  and  returned  wiifbe  accepted  as  a  25-cent  cash  payment  on  any  order  of  g( 
elected  from  Catalogue  to  the  amount  of  $i.oo  and  upward. 

PETERHENDERSON&  CO.,  "" ""  ^AS^'^'SP^''  ^*'"*' 

®®(S)(Sxsxs)(?)®(S)(S)(S)(ix^^ 


California  Seeds 


LEAD  THE  WORLD 

Send  for  our  Seed   and  Plant  Catalogue. 

BERMAIN  SEED  AND  PLANT 
COMPANY 

326-330  S.  Main  St.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Poultry  and  Rabbit  Supply. 

S»'ii(l  for  special  catalotrue. 

CALDWELL  NURSERY  CO. 

JCROMB    CALDWBLL.    M«N«oan 

Deciduous  and        Ornamental  Plants 
Citrus  Trees  «  «   «    and  Shrubs 

353^  S.  Main  St. 

North  of  Vm.  Nuy,  HoUl  (.OS  ANBELE8,   CAL. 


IHE  BEST  IREES 


All  kinds.  Olive,  Orange. 
Lemon.      Walnut,     and 
everything    else.      Best- 
grown   and   largest   stock  of   street    and    orna- 
mental   trees   in    Southern    California.      Roses, 
shrubs,  etc.    Begt  varieties,  lowest  prices. 

J.  E.  MORGAN,  4584  Pasadena  Ave. 


TOURIST    HOTELS 


(^-V^-'^C, 


I  Hotel  Westminster.... 


American  and 

European  Plans 


LOS  ANQELES 


The 
Great 


Tourist 
Hotel 


of 

Los  Angeles 


Every  Modern 

Comfort  and  Convenience 

that  can  be  found 

in  any 

Hotel. 


Send  for  Booklet  on 

Los  Angeles  and  environs. 


F.  O.  JOHNSON,  Proprietor 


HOTEL  CASA 
LOMA 


^^       ^\^       ^^ 


REDLANDS,    CALITORNIA 

AN  IDEAL  WINTER  HOME 
IN  THE  MOST  BEAUTIFUL 
AND  HEALTHFUL  LOCA- 
TION IN  SOUTHERN  ^  J^ 

CALIFORNIA    J'    J^     J^    jk 


% 


STEAM  HEAT  .^  ^  ^ 
ELECTRIC  ELEVATORS 
GOLF  LINKS    ^    .^    ^    ^ 


Write  for  Particulars 
and  Booklet    t^     ^ 

J.  H.  BOHON, 
Manager 


it  ^^^^      Creates  a    Perfect    Complexion 

t  ^^^^m^  Mrs.  Qraham's 

I  ^^IM  Flower  Cream 


Cucumber  and  Elder 


It  cleanses,  whitens  and  beautifies  the  skin, 
feeds  and  nourishes  skin  tissues,  thus  banish- 
ing wrinkles.  It  is  harmless  as  dew,  and  as 
nourishing  to  the  skin  as  dew  is  to  the  flower. 
Price  $1.00  at  druggists  and  agents,  or  sent 
anywhere  prepaid.  Sample  bottle,  10  cents. 
A  handsome  book,  "  How  to  be  Beautiful," 
free. 


MRS. 


HAIR     GROWER 


GRAHAM'S    CACTICO 

TO    MAKE    HIS    HAIR   GROW.    AND 

QUICK     HAIR    RESTORER 

TO    RC8TORC  THE   COLOR. 

Both  g-uaranteed  harmless  as  water.  Sold  by  best  Drug^gists,  or  sent  in  plain  sealed  wrapper  by 
express,  prepaid.     Frio©,  411  .OO  «>ach.     For  sale  by  all  Drugrgrists  and  Hairdealers. 

Send  for  FRKE  BOOK:  *'A  Confidential  Chat  with  Bald  Headed,  Thin  Haired  and  Gray  Haired 
Men  and  Women."    Good  Ag-ents  wanted. 


E  REDINOTON  &  CO.,  San  Francisco,  Gen.  Pacific  Coast  Agents. 

E  MRS.  GERVAISB  GRAHAM,  1261  Michigan  Ave.,  Cbioago. 

^  MRS.    WEAVER-JACRSON.   Hair  Stores   and   Toilet   Parlors,    318  S.  Spring  St.,   Los  An- 
i£  geles.    88  Fair  Oaks  Ave.,  cor.  Green  St.,  Pasadena. 


\  WHEN  YOU  ORDER 

'    -    Baker's 


EXAMIITE 

THE 
PACKAGE 

YOU 

RECEIVE 

AUBMAEE 

SURE  THAT 

IT  BEARS 

OUR 
TRADE- 
MARE. 


Under  the  de- 
cisions  of   the 
—  U.S.  Courts  no 
^  other  Chocolate 
;  -  iiititled  to  be 
cled  or  sold 
.1.    "H.nker's 
rii.....',,'    •• 


£4 


WALTER  BAKER  &  CO.  Limited, 

EstabUslied  1780.  DORCHESTER,  MASS. 

GOLD  MEDAL,  PARIS.   1900. 


Chocolate  I 


DEIV 

Reject  Alam  Bakiner  Powders— They  Destroy  Health 


IVJOSRCH,    1901. 


Vol.  XiV    N©, 


jj^  IN    THE    HIGH    SIERRAS 

s^  OLD    AND    NEW    CALIFORNIA 

'  EARLY    WESTERN     HISTORY 


Richly 

Illustrated 


-^'^^Mi^^Gi^^'Si:^:^>^^^^^^-^^i;^-'lOb  PAISES  DEL  SOLOHATAN  EL  ALMA-'^jg^^g^;;^^::^^?:;;;;^,^^ 


THE  LAND  OF 

SUNSHINE 


CALIFORNIA  AND  THE  WEST 

EDITED  BY  CHAS.  F.  LUMMIS 


Old  and  Young  California. 


JM7(MM7UWWWWW^M7U(M^ 


MISCELLANEOUS 


Hotel  Westminster.... 


American  ard 

European  Plans 


LOS  ANQELES 


The 
Qreat 


Tourist 
Hotel 


of 

Los  Angeles 


Every  Modem 

Comfort  and  Convenience 

that  can  be  found 

in  any 

Hotel. 


Send  for  Booklet  on 

Los  Angeles  and  environs. 


F.  O.  JOHNSON,  Proprietor 


The  "King"  five-Bar  lever  Harrow 


Haflforg-ed  and  tempered  teeth,  is  tiie  best  workiny".  lijrlitest  draft  and  most  durable  Harrow  on 
tlie  market.  We  carry  the  celebrated  BUCKEYE  ORANGE  DROVE  FERTILIZER  DRILLS -both 
one  and  two  horse.     Airents  for  the  JNO.  DEERE  PLOWS  AND  ORCHARD  CULTIVATORS. 

HAWLEY,  KINO  &  CO., 

Vehicles  and  Agricultural  Implements 

Branch  Repository.         Nos.   164-168  N.  Los  Angelas  St. 

Cor.  Fifth  and  Broadway  LOS  ANQELES.  CAL. 


MISCELLANEOUS 


SPRING  CLOTHING 

FOR  MEN  AND  BOYS 


We  are  ready  with  the  finest  stock  we  ever 
owned,  comprising  the  ver)^  newest  st3^1es  of  top 
coats  and  suits,  made  to  order  by  famous  makers, 
such  as 

Rogers,  Peet  &  Co., 

Stein-Bloch  Co., 

Hart,  Schaffner  &  Marx, 

Etc. 

Men's  Suits,  SIO.OO  to  $25.00.     Boys'  Suits,  $2.50  up. 
Mail  orders  carefull}^  and  promptly  attended  to. 

Mullen  &  Bluett  Clothing  Co., 

N.  W.  cor.  First  and  Spring-  Sts.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


OIL  LANDS      INVESTMENTS    oil  stocks 

We  g-ive  our  entire  time  to  this  business,  and  offer  you  the  best  advice  reg-arding-  the  different 
oil  investments.     Prompt  attention  to  all  mail  orders. 

R.  Y.  CAMPTON,  234  Laughlin  BIdg.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal, 


Tel.  Red 
2853 


A  DIFFERENT  CALIFORNIA 

Are  all  your  ideas  of  California  correct  ? 
You  may  not  know,  for  instance,  that  in 
Fresno  and  Kings  Counties,  situate  in  the 
noted  San  Joaquin  Valley,  is  to  be  found 
one  of  the  richest  tracts  of  land  in  the  State. 
60,000  acres  of  theLagrunadeTache 
grant  for  sale  at  $30  to  $46  per  acre,  in- 
cluding Free  Water  Kijarht,  at  32)4 
cents  per  acre  annual  rental  (the  cheapest 
water  in  California).  Send  your  name  and 
address,  and  receive  the  local  newspaper 
free  for  two  months,  and  with  our  circulars  added  you  may  learn  some- 
thing of  this  different  California. 

Address  NARES  &  SAUNDERS,  Managers, 

Branch  office:  LATON,  FRESNO  CO-,  CAL, 

1840  Mariposa  St.,  Fresno,  Cal. 

Or  C.  A.  HUBERT,  207  W.  Third  St..  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

TOURIST  INFORMATION  BUREAU,  10  Montgomery  St.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
NARES,  ROBINSON  &  BLACK,  Winnipeg,  Man.,  Canada. 
SAUNDERS,  MUELLER  &  CO.,  Emmelsburg,  Iowa. 
C.  A.  HUBERT,  950  Fifth  St.,  San  Diego,  Cal. 


Hummel  Bros.  6  GOh  Largest  Employment  Agency.    300  W.  Second  St     TeL  Main  509 


The  Land  of  Sunshine 


(  INCORPORATED  )      CAPITAL   STOCK  150,000 


The  Magazine  of  California  and  the  West 

EDITED  BY  CHAS.   F.  LUMMIS 

The  Only  Exclusively  Western  Magazine 

AMONG   THE   STOCKHOLDERS   AND    CONTRIBUTORS   ARE  : 


DAVID  STARR  JORDAN 

President  of  Stanford  University. 

FREDERICK  STARR 

Chicag-o  University. 

THEODORE  H.  HITTELL 

The  Historian  of  California. 

MARY  HALLOCK  FOOTE 

Author  of  "The  Led-Horse  Claim,"  etc. 

MARGARET  COEEIER  GRAHAM 

Author  of  "  Stories  of  the  Foothills." 

GRACE  EIvEERY  CHANNING 

Author  of  "  The  Sister  of  a  Saint,"  etc. 

ELLA  HIGGINSON 

Author  of  "  A  Forest  Orchid,"  etc. 

JOHN  VANCE  CHENEY 

Author  of  "Thistle  Drift,"  etc. 
CHARLES  WARREN  STODDARD 

The  Poet  of  the  South  Seas. 

INA  COOLBRITH 

Author  of  "  Sonffs  from  the  Golden  Gate,"  etc. 
EDWIN  MARKHAM 

Author  of  "  The  Man  With  the  Hoe." 

JOAQUIN  MILLER 

The  Poet  of  the  Sierras. 

CHAS.  FREDERICK  HOLDER 

Author  of  "The  Life  of  Asrassiz,"  etc. 
CONSTANCE   GODDARD  DU  BOIS 

Author  of  "  The  Shield  of  the  Flour  de  Lis." 


WILLIAM  KEITH 

The  firreatest  Western  Painter. 

DR.  WASHINGTON  MATTHEWS 

Ex-Pres.  American  Folk-Lore  Society. 

GEO.  PARKER  WINSHIP 

The  Historian  of  Coronado's  Marches. 

FREDERICK  WEBB  HODGE 

of  the  Bureau  of  Ethnolog-y,  Washing-ton. 
GEO.  HAMLIN  FITCH 

Literary  Editor  S.  F.  "Chronicle." 

CHARLOTTE  PERKINS  STETSON 

Author  of  "  In  This  Our  World." 
CHAS.  HOWARD  SHINN 

Author  of  "  The  Story  of  the  Mine,"  etc. 

T.  S.  VAN  DYKE 

Author  of  "Rod  and  Gun  in  California,"  etc. 

CHAS.  A.  KEELER 

A  Director  of  the  California  Academy 
of  Sciences. 

LOUISE  M.  KEELER 
ALEX.  F.  HARMER 

L.  MAYNARD  DIXON 

Illustrators. 
ELIZABETH  AND 

JOSEPH  GRINNELL 

Authors  of  "  Our  Feathered  Friends." 

BATTERMAN  LINDSAY, 
CHAS.  DWIGHT  WILLARD 


CONTENTS   FOR    MARCH,   1901  :  page 

A  Giant  Amaryllis Frontispiece 

A  Twilift^ht  Hill  (poem),  Mary  Austin 181 

A  Wizard  of  the  Garden,  II,  illustrated,  Chas.  Howard  Shinn 183 

In  the  Hi^'-h  Sierra,  illustrated,  John  Harold  Hamlin  189 

Amon^  the  Cocopahs,  illustrated.  Capt.  Newton  H.  Chittenden 197 

Relics  of  Old  California,  II.  illustrated 205 

Home,  Sweet  Home  (story),  Harry  B.  Tedrow 211 

Untruthful  James,  C.  F.  L 215 

Honest  and  Dishonest  Revii-wees,  C.  F.  L 218 

The  Clifl-Dweller  Exi>editinii 220 

Dijjfjjfer  Indian  LejLfends,  H,  L.  M.  Burns 223 

In  the  (iarden  (poemt,  Ella  M.  Sc.xton 226 

Early  Western   History,  the  "  Memorial  "  of  Fray  Alonso  de  Benavides,  1630. 
Translated  by  Mrs.  Edward  E.  Ayer,  antiotated  by  F.  W.  Hodge,  edited 

with  notes  by  Chas.  F.  Lummis  ;  concluded 227 

In  the  Lion's  Den  (by  the  editor) 233 

That  Which  is  Written  (reviews  by  the  editor) 240 

Marketing  California  Oranges  and  Lemons,  illustrated,  J.  H.  Naftzger 247 

From  Oranges  to  Snt)w,  illustrated 257 

Porterville,  illustrated,  Chas.  Amadon  Moody 258 

Cupyriffht  1901.     Entered  at  the  Los  Anffeles  Postoffice  as  second-class  matter. 

SEE   publisher's   PAGE. 


MISCELLANEOUS 


%^i^!^i^i^^i^^^^i^^!^^i^  **;ft  **«  «*iS;JI«;ft  :j^**;fe«;j^)^ 


<^ 
4^ 
<9 
49 
49 
49 
49 
49 
49 
49 
49 
49 
49 
49 
49 


COMFORT 


to  a  great  extent  is  what  we  are  all 
endeavoring  to  surround  ourselves 
with.  Why  not  apply  the  ambition 
to  that  which  is  closest  to  you  and  which  you  take  around  with  you 
wherever  you  go.  Your  laundry  can  be  made  extremely  uncomfort- 
able by  careless  and  unscientific  methods,  or,  by  intelligent  care  and 
modern  machinery,  "  a  thing  of  beauty  and  a  joy  forever." 

Our  No  Saw-Edge  on  Collars  and  Cuffs  machine  is  one  of  the 
many  unique  facilities  of  our  modern  plant. 
A  trial  will  show  you  the  difference. 

EMPIRE    LAUNDRY 


Phone  Main  635.     149  5.  Main  St.,  Los  Angeles 


MAYWOOD  COLONY 


CORNING, 

TEHAMA  COUNTY, 

CAL.  FOSTER  &  WOODSON,  Props. 


The  Garden  Spot  of  the  Sacramento  Valley.  The  larg-est,  most  successful  Fruit  Colony  in 
the  world.  More  than  six  hundrbd  and  seventy-five  thousand  fruit  trees  grrow- 
ing-  ;  planting-  still  continues.  Nearly  2500  happy,  industrious,  prosperous  people  working 
FOR  THEMSELVES.  Plenty  of  water  the  whole  year.  Costly  irrig-ation  unnecessary.  Small 
tracts  planted  and  cultivated  for  non-resident  owners.  Improved  acreag-e  also  for  sale. 
Selling-  rapidly.  For  illustrated  literature,  etc.,  write  or  call  on  RAlPH  HOY  I ,  lie&ident  Manager, 
Southern  California  Office,  241  Douglas  Bldg.,  Los  Angeles. 


REDLANDS3  CALIFORNIA 

A    CITY    OF    BEAUTIFUL    HOMES 

AND    FINE    ORANGE    GROVES 

Climate  unsurpassed,  mag-nificent  scenery,  ex- 
cellent schools  and  churches,  best  of  society,  no 
saloons,  if  you  want  a  home  in  Southern  Califor- 
nia, or  a  navel  orang^e  g-rove  as  an  investment, 
call  upon  or  address:  JOHN  P.  FISK,  Rooms  1 
and  2,  Union  Bank  Block,  Redlands,  California. 


Many  people  already  knovj  of  Ilemet 
as    the    Garden    Spot    of    California 

CALIFORNIA  LANDS 

WITH  ABUNDANCE  OF  WATER 

I  OCATED  at  Hemet  near  Los  Angreles. 
■-  Soil  and  climate  suitable  to  the  culture 
of  the  Orang-e,  Lemon  and  Olive.  Corn, 
wheat  and  potatoes  yield  splendid  returns. 
g-ood  market.  Excellent  prices.  The 
town  of  Hemet  is  a  thriving-  place,  pros- 
perous stores,  bank,  school  and  churches. 
We  send  free  to  any  address  a  larg-e  illus- 
trated pamphlet  g-iving-  reliable  conser- 
vative facts  and  fig-ures  about  g-ood  Cal- 
ifornia irrigable  lands  in  tracts  to  suit,  on 
easy  payments.     Title  perfect.      Address 

HtMEr     LAND     COMPANY 
Dept.  U,  Hemet,  Riverside  County,  Cai. 


The  best  investment  is  an  investment  in  com- 
fort.   The  latter  can  be  had  at 

m  Ca$a  Palma 


s 

PH 

^^^m 

m..-  ■■.•••«. -, 

Rates 


American.... $2.00  to  $3.50 
European 75  to  $1.50 


Iv.  ^.  SRACK,  Proprietor. 


Riverside,  Cai 


RAMONA  TOILET  ^OAP 


FOR   SALE 
EVERYWHEF?E 


HOUSEHOLD  FURNISHINGS 


FURNITURE 


(^ 


Home  influence  is  very  powerful.  The 
furnishings  need  not  be  expensive,  but 
they  should  be  artistic,  pretty  and 
cheerful.  Art  and  beauty  in  the  home 
mould  the  character  of  boys  and  girls — 
awaken  and  educate  their  better  na- 
tures. Girls  are  not  slow  to  invite 
their  friends  and  spend  most  of  their 
time  in  a  pretty  home.  Our  furniture 
is  as  artistic  as  any,  more  durable  than 
most.  Prices  the  lowest,  quality  con- 
sidered. 


W.  S.  ALLEN 


345=347  5.  SPRING  STREET 

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T.  rMLLINGTON  CO..  Proprietors. 


HOUSEHOLD    FURNISHINGS 


o o o o o- 


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Bedside  Table 


A  wonderful  comfort  and  convenience  for 
the  sick-room.    It  projects  over  a  bed,  causing-  no 
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Just  as  handy  as  a  book-rest,  to  be  used  by 
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Strong-,  compact  and  handsomely  finished.  The 
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familiar  to  all  readers  of  mag-azines.  They  are 
used  in  all  leading  hospitals  throug-hout  the 
world.  We  are  exclusive  ag-ents  for  Southern 
California.     Prices,  $4.25  to  $7.25. 


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Hotel  Pleasanton 


Cor.  Sutter  and  Jones  Streets 
San  Francisco,  Gal, 

THE  LEADING   FAMILY  AND   TOURIST    HOTEL 
IN   SAN   FRANCISCO 

Situated  in  a  pleasant  and  convenient  part  of  the  city, 
near  the  Theaters,  Churches  and  principal  stores. 
Two  lines  of  cable  cars  pass  the  Hotel,  Sutter  St.  line 
direct  from  the  Ferries  and  to  the  Cliff  House  and 
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plumbing-,  porcelain  bath  tubs  and  all  modern  im- 
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assurance  of  home  comfort  and  hospitable  treatment 
rarely  met  with  in  a  hotel.  Rates  $2  to  $4  per  day. 
Special  terms  by  the  week  and  month. 

O.   M.   BRENNAN,   Proprietor 


If  you  are  interested  in  the 
finest  examples  of  Indian  art, 
there  is  a  little  book  entitled 
"Good  Thing-s  from  the  West" 
that  is  yours  for  the  asking. 
Mention  Land  of  Sun.shink, 
and  write  to  Hkkbkrt  A.  Cof- 
FBKN,  Navajo  Blankets  and 
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Miniature  Portrait  Paintings  on  Porcelain 

Perfect  likenesses,  colors  absolutely  fast  and  permanent.  Photographs, 
old  and  difficult  tintypes,  Dag-uerrcotypes,  etc.,  copied  perfectly  and  origi- 
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for  brooch  pins,  the  newest  fad,  furnished  complete,  ready  for  use. 

For  Introductory  Purposes,  20  per  cent,  reduction  will  be  allowed 
on  the  first  two  orders  received  from  each  town  or  city  for  my  new  process 
miniature  portrait  painting  on  porcelain. 

There  is  no  discount  on  my  highest  grade  miniaUireson  genuine  ivorj'. 
Work  all  of  highest  quality  ;  prices  so  low  they  will  surprise  you.  Write 
at  once  for  free  information. 

J.  CORRY  BAKER,  915  22nd  Street,  Denver,  Colo. 


mjpVaioma  Toilet5?ap 


AX   ALL 
DRUG  STORES 


FOR  THE  GARDEN 


INGLESIDE  FLORAL  CO.,  F.  Edward  Gray,  Proprietor 

Tel.  Main  568.     140  S.  Spring  St.,  Los  Angeles,  Gal. 


EASTER  LILIES 

We  grow  all  our  own  flowers  and  plants  at  our  Xurseries  at  Alhambra 


IN  POTS. 


Pajaro  Valley  Nyrsery 

LARGE  AND  COMPLETE  STOCK  OF 
ALL  KINDS  OF 

Deciduous  Fruit  Trees, 

Shade  and  Ornamental  Trees, 

Small  Fruits,  etc. 

; 

j  Would  call  attention  to  my  New  IMammoth 
I  Biackberr>  which  I  am  offering-  for  sale  for 
the  first  time  this  winter.  I  am  the  sole 
owner  of  all  the  g-enuine  plants  offered  for 
I  sale.  If  you  want  to  know  all  about  the 
I '  larg-est  and  best  Blackberry  ever  grown 

i 

i       Send  for  catalog^ue,  circular  and  price  list. 

I 

I  JAMES    WATERS 

C""itsonville, 
s 


California. 


»^S=^^a5=S=^s«^S=SS=®^ 


ornia.  | 


THE  BEST  IREES 


All  kinds.  Olive,  Orange, 
Lemon.  Walnut,  and 
everything-  else.  Best- 
grown  and  largest  stock  of  street  and  orna- 
mentai  trees  in  Southern  California.  Roses, 
shrubs,  etc.    Best  varieties,  lowest  prices. 


J.  E.  MORGAN,  4584  Pasadena  Ave. 

I.OS  ANGELKS,  CAI.. 


Ferry's  Seeds  are 

known  the  country  over  as 

the  most  reliable  Seeds  that 

can  be   bought.       Don't  save   a 

nickel  on  cheap  seeds  and  lose  a 

dollar  on  the  harvest. 

1901  Seed  Annual  free. 
D.  M.  FERRY  &  CO. 
Detroit,  Mich. 


Agricultural         § 
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GARDEN  TOOLS  (m\ 

LAWN  HOSE       (fix) 

m 

JOHNSON  &  MUSSER  SEED  CO.,  W 

INCORPORATED  ^\]} 

113  N.   MAIN    ST.  ^11 

Los  Angeles,  Cal.    ^J 


Phone  Main  176. 


■10  L0YELY  TEa  ROSES 

I  /      THE  GIANT  ROSE  COLLECTION. 


■  ^^^     These  Roses  will  bloom  freely  this  Summer,  either  in  pots  or 

■  ^^B  planted  in  yard.    They   are  hardy  eyer-bloomers.    We  guaran- 


tee them  to  reach  voa  in  good  condition  anvwhere  in  the  U.  S 
rincess  Sagan,  velvety  Crimson;   Nlosella,  White,  Yellow  Center;   Mad 
'    '  Sylph     Ivorywhite  tinted  Peach;    Pres     ~  -        . 

Creamy  White,  edged  Rosy  Blush;    "" 


50c. 


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Alice  Monaco 


Carnot 
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lovely  Fawn  Color-.    Princr-SS 


Maid  of   Honor,    a  lovely  Deep  Pink:  Lottie 


Baumgiardner,  Carmine  and  Silvery  Peach;  L'Innocence,  Snow  Wh'ite;  Helen  Cambier,    Am 
ber Yellow;  Coronet,    Clear  Pink,  edged  White;  Burbank,  the  sweetest  of  all  Roses. 

WHAT    YOU    CAN    BUY    FOR     50     CENTS. 


12  Fragrant  Carnation  Pinks.  12  kinds, 
18  Choice  Prize  Crvsanthemums, 
80  Choicest  Gladiolus,        .... 
18  Lovely  Kuchias,  all  different, 

Oxar    Catalogue 
THE   GREAT  WESTERN    PLANT  CO 


50e.  I  15  Sweet-Scented  Double  Tube  Roses,       -      50o. 
50e.  I  SO  Large-Flowered  Pansv  Plants,         -       -         50i". 
-      50f-    18  Coleus,  will  make  abrmht  bed,       -       -        SQe. 
50c.  I        ANY  FIVE  OF  ABOVE  SETS  FOR  $2-00. 
Free.    Order    Today.    Address 

Box    10,      SPRINGFIELD,   OHIO 


SEND  10  CENTS  for  mrs.  theodosia  b.  shepherd^s  catalogue 

OF  seeds,  plants,  bulbs  and  cactus  Jt  Jt  ji  ^  jH 

Which  amount  will  be    credited  on  first  order. 

At  VENTURA-BY-THE-SEA,  California 


«NYVO  THflllRICIlL  COID  CfiEHII  !;; 


irevents  early  wrinkles.     It  is  not  a  freckle  coating-:  it  re" 
ovesthetn.     ANYVO  CO.,   42*7  N.   Main   St.,   I^os  Angreles. 


MISCELLANEOUS 


Scheirs  Patent  Adjustable  form 

For  dressmaking. 

It  is  tiresome  to  fit  people. 
It  is  a   pleasure  to  fit  and 
carry   out   the   most  unique 
design  on  this  form,  which 
is  made  to 
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and     can 
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minutely  as 
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son's form 
changes. 
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ward    or    backward, 
consequently       skirts 
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perfectly     and     com- 
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Office,  316  South  Broadway,  Los  Angeles.  Cal. 

Rooms  3  and  4         Phone  Jamcs  4441 


INTER 

mm\ 

DENTIFRICt 

Best  for  the  Teeth. 

It  cleanses,  preserves,  beautifies 
and  whitens  them,  strengthens  the 
gums  and  sweetens  the  breath. 

Put  up  in  neat  tin  boxes,  it  is  per- 
fect for  the  dressing  table  and  ideal 
for  traveling.  No  powder  to  scatter, 
no  liquid  to  spill  or  to  stain  garments. 

25c  at  all  druggists. 

C.  H.  STRONO  k  CO.,  Proprietors,       •       Chicago. 


SAVE 
YOUR 
MONEY 

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your  name  and 

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Pains      and 

aches.        Sell 

each  pkg-.    for 

25c.,  return   us 

the    $1.50,    and 

in  order  to  introduce  our  wonderful  remedy,  we 

will,  same  day  money  is  received,  send  you  our 

grand  offer  of  an  Olmypia  Music  Box,  together 

with  twenty-five  of  the  latest  song-s  and  a  silver 

reeded  Harmon ia. 

The  Box  is  iVA  x  10  x  9,  is  warranted,  and  a 
child  can  start  it.  Clear  as  a  bell.  Remember^ 
all  you  need  do  is  comply  with  the  offer  we  shall 
send  you.  This  Music  Box  will  be  sent  pre  paid, 
expressasre  and  all.  We  deal  square.  Agents 
wanted  all  over  the  U.  S.  and  Canada.  EAST- 
ERN MFG.  CO.,  1293  Broadway,  New  York  City. 


CAMES  TRICYCLE  CO, 

Manufacturers  and  patentees  of  the  very 
latest  designs  of  Tricycles  for  the  crip- 
pled.   Also  Tricycles  for  those  who  would 


like  the  pleasures  of  cycling  and  do  not 
ride  the  bicycle.  Wheel  chairs  for  inval- 
ids, and  Hospital  Appliances.  Send  for 
illustrated  catalogue. 

EAMES  TRICYCLE  CO.  iirpSci" 


EIne  Corner  for  Flats 

dimensions,  and  cheap. 
Avenue,  Los  Angeles. 


close    in,    well 

located,     good 

Inquire  at  2200  Gran^ 


\  3  ft  A  R  y 

■UNIVERSITT 


o 


VOL.  14,  IMO.  3.  LOS    ANGELES  MARCH.  1901 


A  Twilight  Hill. 

BV    MARY   AUSTIN. 

A  grove  I  know,  set  circling-  like  a  crown, 

Of  slanting  oaks  ;  it  overlooks  a  t->wn, 

And  thence  the  hill  front  slopeth  broadly  down 

And  gives  a  prospect  fair. 
When  days  of  spring  draw  lengthening  to  a  close. 
The  while  from  room  to  room  the  housewife  goes 
With  busy  cares  about  the  night's  repose, 

I  love  to  linger  there. 

It  is  the  season  when  the  streamlets  sing. 
Sweet  misty  censers  do  the  grape  vines  swing. 
And  at  their  thresholds  birds  are  gossiping 

While  holds  the  lengthening  light. 
And  here  the  blundering  night-moth  doth  disclose 
The  scented  hollow  where  the  currant  grows. 
And  there  the  musky  bloom  of  gilia  glows 

lyike  nuns  at  prayer,  milk-white. 

Some  beams  still  light  the  far,  dark,  tapered  firs, 

A  quail  belated  to  its  covert  whirrs 

In  nestling  hollows  where  a  warm  wind  stirs 

The  lupins  everywhere. 
The  hill  folk  have  no  fear  of  such  as  I. 
The  questing  night  hawk  hurtles  dauntless  by, 
I  hear  the  speckled  owlets  hoot,  and  spy 

Their  matings  unaware. 

While  lowing  upward  from  the  winding  creek 
The  warm,  last-lighted  slopes  the  cattle  seek. 
Up  climbs  the  dark  along  the  jacinth  steep. 

And  every  far  hill  glows 
Blue  with  the  blue  of  seas  encompassing. 
Divinely  purpled  to  its  outer  ring. 
In  such  uncounted  hours  remembering 

The  sea  from  which  it  rose. 

Independecce,  Cal. 


Copyright  1901  by  Land  of  Sunshine  Pub.  Co. 


182 

i-  A  Wizard  of  the  Garden. 

BY   CHAS.    HOWARD   SHINN,    INSPECTOR   OF   EXPERIMENT   STATIONS,    U.  OF  C. 


5,  _  ^^p<-wET  US  sum  a  few  of  the  results  of  the  re- 
(5=^^:^]^^^  '  markable  work  of  this  great  plant-breeder, 
Luther  Burbank,  in  recent  years  :  In  1887 
he  introduced  five  new  varieties  of  Jap- 
anese plums,  not  seedlings,  but  valuable 
and  the  parents  of  man}'  useful  sorts.  In 
1888  he  introduced  twelve  more  varieties. 
In  1893  he  sent  out  six  fine  seedlingfs  of  his 
own,  besides  new  walnuts,  quinces,  blackberries,  raspberries 
and  useful  hybrid  berries.  A  beautiful  dwarf  calla  and  a 
g-iant  one,*  both  now  grown  in  all  the  leading  nurseries  of 
the  world  ;  also  new  poppies,  myrtles,  and  tomatoes  were 
among  his  other  successes.  In  1894  and  1895  the  world  re- 
ceived more  plums  and  quinces,  besides  prunes,  berries  of 
exquisite  flavor  and  of  unprecedented  size  and  beauty,  the 
famous  blackberry-raspberr}'  hybrids  (40,000  hybridized 
seedlings  were  destroyed  in  successive  "rogueing-s"  by  Bur- 
bank's  unerring  hands  in  order  to  leave  as  the  last  survivor 
his  "Paradox").  New  clematises,  callas,  roses,  and,  more 
than  all,  an  army  of  cross-bred  lilies,  were  included  in  the 
triumphs  of  this  period.  These  lilies  are  still  being  de- 
veloped by  Mr.  Burbank  and  Mr.  Carl  Purdy,  the  leading 
Californian  bulb  authority,  and  will  be  more  particularly 
described  and  illustrated  in  another  paper. 

The  new  plums  sent  out  in  1898  and  1899,  ''Apple," 
' 'America, '' ' 'Chalco, " ' '  Pearl, " ' 'Climax, "  ' 'Sultan , "  ' 'Bart- 
lett,"  and  "Shiro,"  and  the  "Sugar"  and  "Giant"  prunes, 
were  all  acquisitions  to  horticulture.  Not  all  are  of  equal 
commercial  importance,  but  all  are  finding  places  in  g-ar- 
dens  and  orchards,  and  some  are  doubtless  destined  to  sup- 
plant other  varieties.  Modern  horticulture  demands  many 
more  varieties  than  formerly,  to  suit  different  localities, 
markets  and  seasons.  It  is  fortunately'  impossible  to  bind 
up  all  excellences  in  one  fruit,  and  it  is  the  especial  g-lory  of 
Burbank  that  he  has  succeeded  in  producing  so  many  new 
flavors,  so  many  fruits  suited  to  various  purposes  and  to 
different  climates.  His  Wickson  plum  where  it  succeeds 
best,  and  especially  in  Southern  California,  is  perhaps  the 
finest  of  the  earlier  Japanese  crosses  ;  his  Sultan,  which  is 
a  cross  between  Wickson  and  Satsuma,  is  a  superb  plum  ; 
his  Sugar  prune,  which  by  analysis  contains  when  fresh 
nearly  twenty-four  ])er  cent,  of  sugar  (the  averag^e  of  the 


*  Si'f  i>.  105,  Feb.  number. 


A     WIZARD    OF    THE    GARDEN. 


183 


ONE   OF   THE   SUCCESSFUI.   BIvACKBERRY-RASPBERRIES. 


French  prune  being-  about  eighteen  and  one-half  per  cent.), 
is  being-  commercially  tested  in  all  the  prune  reg-ions'of  the 
world. 

At  the  present  time  he  is  sending-  out  a  new  earh^  plum 
called  "  First,"  which  is  bred  from  selected  varieties  of 
American  and  Japanese  plums,  g-iving-  flavor  and  hardi- 
ness. Another  plum,  "  Combination,"  was  tested  for  qual- 
it}^;  "with  25,000  bearing  varieties"  grafted  and  seedling, 
and  proved  best  of  all.  Besides  plums,  there  is  a  new  and 
choice  peach,  "Opulent,"  and  a  new  apple,  "  Winterstein," 
both  well  worth  the  attention  of  propag-ators,  and  selected 


184 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


from  over  fift}-  thousand 
interesting  and  attractive 
cross-bred  seedling-s. 

He  is  now  occupied  with 
a  seedless  plum  not  yet 
perfected,  but  on  the  wa}'. 
The  hard  shell  has  nearl^v 
or  quite  disappeared, leav- 
ing" in  some  cases  merely 
an  abortive  rim  and  a  very 
small  kernel.  The  latest 
result  along-  this  line  is  a 
"larg-e,  sweet  and  delici- 
ous plum  which  bears 
neither  seed  nor  stone." 
Whether  or  not  seedless 
plums,  cherries  and  other 
fruits,  if  they  ever  arrive, 
can  be  kept  by  grafting, 
or  indeed  whether  they 
will  maintain  their  flavor, 
must  be  left  for  this  new 
century  to  decide.  His 
I  'Plum-cot,  "another  fruit 
in  process  of  evolution, 
combines,  as  its  name  in- 
dicates, the  flavor  and 
characteristics  of  apricot 
and  plum.  Still  another, 
and  perhaps  the  most 
promising  of  his  new 
fruits  for  the  most  trying 
climates,  is  the  Improved 
Beach  Plum,  hardy  as  a 
Sierra  pine,  and  bearing 
sweet,  delicious  fruits 
nearly  an  inch  in  diameter 
and  hanging  ''  as  close  as 
huckleberries "  on  the 
branches. 

Man}'  of  Burbank's 
greatest  achievements 
have  been  with  flowers 
which,  after  all,  lie  nearer  to  his  heart  than  any 
fruits.  He  has  improved  a  large  number  of  things  for  the 
seedsmen  of  Europe  and  America.  One  hardly  knows  how 
many  modern  ''strains"  of  flowers  came  from  his  gardens. 
One  silver-lined  poppy,  new,  I  think,  this  season,  is  a  lovely 


HUKBANK'S    "SHASTA 


A     WIZARD    OF    THE    GARDEN. 


185 


selection.  Hisg-ladioluses 
certainl}'  occup}^  a  place 
of  their  own,  and  so  do 
his  cannas,  roses  and  cle- 
matises. 

Among"  the  new  t3^pes 
of  flowers  soon  to  be  ex- 
pected are  a  host  of  im- 
proved California  pop- 
pies ;  also  a  strain  of  per- 
ennial peas  into  which 
Burbank  has  been  trjang 
to  introduce  the  colors 
and  fragrance  of  the  best 
sweet-peas,  which  would 
certainl)^  make  one  of  the 
noblest  and  most  useful  of 
all  garden  perennials. 
He  has  also  taken  up  the 
brilliant  Mexican  Tigri- 
dias,  and  has  alread}^  pro- 
duced much  finer  flowers 
in  new,  gladiolus-like 
hues.  The  Sedums,  Ech- 
everias  and  that  entire 
class  of  succulents  much 
used  in  Europe  for  formal 
garden  designs,  have  been 
in  hand  for  some  time, 
and,  I  understand,  with 
man)^  striking  results. 

None  of  these  things, 
however,  are  more  "stun- 
ning "  in  their  park  and 
garden  possibilities  than 
the  new  Amar3'llises  and 
"Field  Daises"  of  this 
flower-maker.  The  Ama- 
ryllises are  a  vast  group 
of  species  of  brilliant 
Cape  bulbs  of  growings 
popularit}^  even  where 
their  culture  must  be  in 
greenhouses.  In  California  gardens  thej^  justly  take  very 
high  place.  Now  Burbank,  by  hybridizing  species,  has  se- 
cured a  type  which  has  flowers  measuring  nearly  a  foot 
across,  and  four  or  five  such  flowers  are  in  a  cluster.  There 
are  thousands  of  seedlings  of  this  new  giant  Amaryllis,  and 


I.IFE   SIZE. 


186  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

the  varieties  are  beintj:  selected  and  made  more  permanent. 
Lastl)^  for  there  must  come  some  sort  of  an  end  to  this  list, 
we  have  already  the  new  "Field  Daisy  "  which  was  pro- 
duced by  hybridizing  the  well  known  and  common  Ameri- 
can wild  species  with  the  large,  coarse  European  species, 
and  the  result  with  Japanese  species.  After  this,  rigid  se- 
lection for  years  has  given  the  gardens  of  the  world 
what  Burbank  names  "Shasta  Daisies."  The  very  abun- 
dant flowers  of  the  purest  white  are  often  four  inches  across. 
There  are  several  rows  of  petals,  and  the  type  is  breaking 
into  other  forms  and  colors,  and  is  beginning  to  "come 
double."  This  new  "perennial  candidate"  for  election  to 
garden  honors  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  to  Hudson  Bay  (so 
wide  is  its  range  of  climatic  endurance)  was,  as  noted,  de- 
veloped from  coarse,  ill-smelling  and  rowdy  weeds. 

The  published  writings  of  Luther  Burbank  are  com- 
paratively few.  He  furnishes  his  own  descriptions  of 
novelties,  and  he  has  occasionally  contributed  to  horticul- 
tural journals.  He  read  a  striking  paper  before  the  Sacra- 
mento Session  of  the  American  Pomological  Society, 
January  18th,  1895,  and  another  paper  is  soon  to  be  pub- 
lished by  the  American  Association  for  the  Advancement 
of  Science.  He  read  an  essay  before  the  California  Fruit 
Growers'  Association  in  San  Jose  in  1898.  It  is  not  likely 
that  we  shall  ever  have  a  book  from  his  pen,  but  his  notes, 
journals,  registers  and  scrap-books  will  some  day  possess 
unique  value,  and  should  belong  to  one  of  the  California 
universities.  The  recent  publications  of  the  Department 
of  Agriculture  contain  much  material  furnished  b}^  Mr. 
Burbank. 

One  of  the  best  illustrations  of  the  esteem  in  which 
Burbank  is  held  "among  those  who  know"  is  furnished 
by  the  recent  action  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  of 
London,  which  was  established  in  1804,  and  holds  unques- 
tioned primacy  in  its  field.  This  great  society,  in  1898, 
planned  a  "Hybrid  Conference,"  which  took  place  in  July, 
1899,  and  whose  results  were  published  in  1900.  The  call 
was  for  a  Conference  on  "Hybridization  (the  cross-breed- 
ing of  species)  and  on  the  cross-breeding  of  varieties,"  and 
the  Society  then  sent  out  special  invitations  to  one  hundred 
and  twenty-five  distinguished  "hybridizers",  nine  of  whom 
were  Americans  (four  of  them,  however,  from  the  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture  at  Washington).  Only  one,  Luther 
Burbank,  was  selected  from  the  Western  half  of  the  conti- 
nent. He  did  not  attend  ;  he  was  too  busy  even  to  send  an 
essay,  but  Professor  Bailey  of  Cornell,  and  others,  alluded 
in  glowing  terms  to  his  success  in  producing  "  new  values 
in  fruits  and  flowers." 


A     WIZARD    OF    THE    GARDEN. 


187 


THE  STONEI^KSS  PlyUMS. 

This  group  represents  the  development  of  a  larffe  seedless  plum  'the  biyg-est  on  the  plate  from 
small  and  worthless  ones  approaching-  seedlessness. 

Among-  the  leaders  of  this  notable  Conference  were  the 
specialists  in  the  production  of  new  flowers  and  fruits,  and 
also  some  of  the  g^reat,  historic  figures  in  botan}^  and  horti- 
culture— such  men  as  Sir  Joseph  Hooker,  Sir  Wm.  Thisel- 
ton-Dyer,  Max  Leichtlin,  the  Vilmorins,  Georg-e  Nicholson, 
Lemoine,  of  g-ladiolus  fame,  Crozy,  the  producer  of  new 
cannas,  Kckford,  the  father  of  modern  sweet-peas.  Rev. 
William  Wilks,  the  g-enial  author  of  Shirley  poppies.  Dr. 
Trabut  of  Alg-iers,  who  has  introduced  some  superb  Euca- 


188 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE 


CKOSS-BKKI)    SKKDMNf;    PI.UMS. 

Many  cracked  an(|  wortliU'ss,  but  finally  pi'rfi'Cled  in  Burbank's  superb 
"Climax"  Plum. 

lyptus  hybrids,  Burbi(l{*-e,  one  of  the  daffodil  authorities, 
Dr.  Masters,  editor  of  the  (ianicucrs'  Cliro)iich\  Lord 
Penzance,  the  introducer  of  new  forms  of  sweet-brier 
roses,  and  many  others  whose  names  are  as  familiar  as 
household  words  wherever  flowers  are  grown,  (rold  medals 
and  other  honors  were  {jfiven  for  the  best  hybridized  or 
cross-bred  orchids,  ferns,  water-lilies,  passifloras,  roses, 
clematises,  and  a  host  of  other  novelties. 


IN     THE    HIGH    SIERRA. 


189 


And  3^et  these  wonderful  results  of  European  horticul- 
tural science  were  but  the  manifestations  of  an  old  and 
hig-hl3^-specialized  civilization.  Burbank,  with  his  strong- 
individualit}^,  his  faith  in  outdoor  methods  and  in  cross- 
fertilizing-  on  an  immense  scale,  in  ever}^  case  following 
with  selection  after  selection,  is,  on  the  other  hand,  a  re- 
markable manifestation  of  the  originality  of  genius.  He 
has  profoundly  affected  the  methods  of  modern  plant- 
breeders,  and  younger  men,  following-  in  his  footsteps,  will 
continue  to  emphasize  the  advantag-es  of  a  climate  like 
California,  and  of  such  free,  outdoor,  larg-e-scale  operations 
as  those  which  have  yielded  such  splendid  results  at  Santa 
Rosa  and  Sebastopol. 

University  of  California,  Berkeley. 


In  the  High  Sierra. 

BY    JOHN    HAROLD    HAMLIN. 

HE  Sierra  Nevada,  tumbled,  precipitous, 
and  marvelous  in  scenic  wonders,  serves 
as  a  barrier  between  California  and 
barren  old  Nevada.  A  contrast  so  marked 
that  it  actually  startles  one  is  this  dis- 
similarity between  the  adjoining  States  ; 
nowhere  so  noticeable  as  along-  the  east- 
ern slopes  and  picturesque  mountains  of 
the  Sierra.     For  lying-  within  visual  distance  of  this  loftv 


I WhiMii  'Ti 
^^^^f^^^  Jam 


IvAKB   MARI^ETTB. 


190 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


range  are  bits  of  the  scenery  so  characteristic  of  the  Sage- 
brush State,  in  their  monotonous  garb  of  dull-gra}'  sand, 
sprinkled  over  with  colorless,  everlasting  artemisia.  There 
is  one  particular  locality  where  a  dun-colored  mass  of  hills, 
termed  the  ''  Peavines,"  merge  into  the  lofty,  cool-looking. 
Sierras.  The  juxtaposition  of  these  widely  different  ranges 
is  a  striking  object  lesson  of  Nature.  The  Peavines 
ramble  in  an  easterly  direction  over  the  western  portion  of 
Nevada  ;  one  can  imagine  that  an  expanse  of  desert  land 
became  weary  of  its  lot,  and  leaped  upright,  supported  by 
pillars  of  granite  and  volcanic  rock.  The  Peavines  are 
not  nice  to  look  upon  ;    even   a  coating  of  snow  fails   to 


A    HIT   Oi'    I.AKK   TAHOH. 


IN    THE    HIGH    SIERRA. 


191 


beautify  their  treeless,  arid  exterior.  But  the  Sierras  I 
They  are  wonderfull}^  mag-nificent  b}^  natural  adornment ; 
and  seem  to  tower  in  disdainful  haughtiness  at  their  junc- 
tion with  the  dowd}^  Peavines. 

Nature  is  perhaps  nowhere  more  beautiful  than  in  the 
country  about  Lake  Tahoe — that  gem  of  the  Sierras. 
From  the  elevated  peaks  surrounding-  Tahoe,  which  is  it- 
self 9,000  feet  above  sea-level,  one  can  behold,  as  in  a  mon- 
strous kaleidoscope,  panoramas  of  mountains,  thrown  far 
up  above  the  veg-etation  belt  ;  of  tiny  lakes  here  and  there, 
glistening*  like  tear-drops  in  their  secluded  fastnesses  ;  of 
snow-vestured  rang-es,  partiall}^  enshrouded  with  clouds  ; 


SOURCE   OF   THE   TKUCKKE    RIVEK. 


19: 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


and  then  to  ease  the  eye,  there  are  vistas,  deepl^v  shadowed, 
of  pines  and  cedars  and  rou^h-barked  firs,  all  beautifully 
jrreen  and  deliciously  cool. 

But  within  this  gfreat  sweep  of  landscape  one  discovers 
every  now  and  ag-ain  a  touch  of  civilization  ;  a  log-  hut,  a 
wood-chopper's,  mayhap,  or  the  abode  of  a  fisherman. 
The  g-leam  of  white  tents  marks  the  invasion  of  campers. 
Even  the  waters  of  tiny  lakes  ripple  before  the  prow  of 
gliding-  boats. 

So  the  word  untrammeled  cannot  quite  be  applied  to  these 
high  Sierras  ;  yet  there  are  miles  and  miles  of  wooded 
tracts  where  one  may  ramble  and  actuall)^  become  intimid- 


3                          1-    „•         •^>y'*t~f...-^-,  ■•-*.• 

WE 

iJ 

^ 
^ 

,1 1   -,      ;•  =-:•>>■•,:    \  ^3^' 

?4 

^T^ 

'v-:^^;     '  Hjp~^'' '"'^^ 

AMONG   THR    FIKS. 


IN    THE    HIGH    SIERRA. 


193 


ated  b}^  the  appalling-  silence  and  wild  pathlessness  of  the 
mountainous  regions.  Here  are  thickets  of  3^oung-  spruce 
or  fir  trees,  impenetrable,  so  rankly  luxurious  is  their 
growth  ;  and  the  greenish-white  luster  of  their  straight 
trunks  regularl)"  interspersed  with  circlets  of  horizontal 
branches.  These  little  fir  trees  are  so  S3^mbolic  of  Santa 
Claus  that  one  is  inclined  to  christen  the  fir  districts 
"  Land  of  the  Christmas-tree."  Cedars,  grouped  in  array, 
occur  in  limited  numbers.  The  reddish,  spiral  trunks  wear 
a  patrician  mien,  and  the  soft,  green  meshes  of  foliage  that 
adorn  their  proud  tips  intertwine  in  exclusive  fashion. 
The    fragrant     odor     emanating     from     the    wind-tossed 


A   GROUP  OF   CEDARS. 


194 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


branches  of  cedar  trees  is  more  aromatic  than  the  pung^ent 
smell  of  balsam. 

Nature  was  indeed  lavish  when  she  assigned  the  flora  of 
the  Sierras.  Bier,  scrag-g-y  firs,  firml}^  anchored  by  wide- 
spreading-  roots,  many  of  them  snapped  off  fift}^  or  sixty 
feet  above  the  g-round  by  the  winds,  form  acres  of  severe 
forests. 

Startled  coveys  of  g-rouse  whir  with  the  swiftness  of  an 
arrow  through  the  shaded  alleys  of  firs.  You  observe  one 
alig-ht  in  a  thick-branched  tree,  advance  quietly  to  the  spot, 
and  scan  the  boug-hs  for  an  hour  with  never  a  trace  of  the 
hidden  bird. 


THICKET   OF   YOUNG    FIKS. 


IN    THE    HIGH    SIERRA. 


195 


A   TANGI^E   OF    FERNS. 


Ag-ile  squirrels  leap  from  limb  to  limb — flash  to  and  fro 
as  if  wing-ed.  And,  indeed,  a  fljnng-  squirrel  is  occasionally 
seen,  a  reddish-brown  beauty,  whose  meteoric  flights  span 
dozens  of  feet  at  a  single  dive. 

The  reservation  of  the  country  about  Tahoe  was  a 
notable  and  commendable  act  of  the  Government ;  preserv- 
ing" thousands  of  acres  of  virg-in  forests  from  the  ruthless 
hand  of  man,  and  protecting-  in  a  measure  the  larg-e  and 
small  g-ame,  plentifully  distributed  throug"hout  the  Sierras. 
Springs  bubble  in  sylvan  nooks,  and  send  forth  trickling- 
rills  that  increase  in  volume  as  they  sing-  down  devious 
canons  ;  finally  as  noisy  brooks  they  empty  into  some  one 
of  the  m3^riad  lakelets  nestling-  in  depressions  of  the 
mountains.  Deep  in  the  woods,  where  sunbeams  are 
filtered  through  tangled  nettings  of  foliag-e,  ferns  grow 
profusely.  Delicate  fronds  droop  coyly  from  the  penetrat- 
ing- lig-ht,  too  frag-ile  to  thrive  on  sunny  slopes.  Varieties 
choice  enough  for  conservatories  interlace  wavering-  sprays 
with  red-spotted  tiger  lilies  and  roug-h  brambles,  all  g-row- 
ing  equally  well  in  the  damp  mold. 

Emerg-ing-  from  the  vistas  of  pine  and  fir  and  cedar,  and 
ascending-  a  bald,  adamantine  mount,  one  beholds  a  view 
impressive  as  the  others  are  serenely  pretty.  A  lake, 
vastly    inferior   to   Tahoe,   but    larger   than   most  of   the 


196  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

mountain  lakes,  mirrors  in  its  blue-g-reen  bosom  cloud-land 
and  bordering-  peaks.  It  is  Marlette,  renowned  for  its 
Switzerland-like  scener}-  and  unknown  depths. 

Marlette's  altitude  is  even  hig-her  than  Tahoe's  ;  and  on 
every  side  are  g-igantic  furrows  of  snow-capped  mountains. 
Here  the  timber  begins  to  diminish  in  quantity  and  size  ; 
even  hardy  trees  cannot  contend  with  the  sweeping-  winds 
and  deep  snows  of  winter.  Lusty  brook  trout  flourish  in 
its  cold,  pure  waters,  and  rise  to  a  fly  with  the  rush  and 
splash  so  enticing-  to  the  sportsman.  The  narrow  strip  of 
white  beach  girding  the  lake  sets  the  blue-green  waters  off 
in  strong  relief  against  the  imprisoning-  fir-mantled 
mountains. 

Marlette  is  a  dainty  fairy's  basin  compared  with  the 
queen  of  California  lakes — Tahoe.  Tahoe  covers  an  area 
of  225  square  miles,  and  is  heralded  far  and  wide  as  a 
fashionable  watering-place  for  summer  tourists.  Within 
the  last  few  years  this  resort  has  been  crowded  with 
visitors,  some  hailing  from  foreign  countries;  and  those 
who  know  proclaim  Tahoe  superior  in  scenic  resources  to 
the  famous  Alpine  lakes. 

The  Truckee  river  is  the  outlet  of  Lake  Tahoe,  and 
about  its  sources  are  numerous  meadows  and  spring-)-  dells 
liberally  dotted  with  drooping  willows.  Here  the  mountain 
quail  hide  in  security  from  the  eager  Nimrod,  and  stray 
bears  or  a  timid  deer  steal  in  for  a  feast  of  berries  or  tender 
grasses.  It  is  a  locality  harmonious  as  the  ideal  forest  of 
Arden,  where  one, 

"  Exempt  from  public  haunt, 

Finds  tong-ues  in  trees,  books  in  the  running  brooks, 
Sermons  in  stones,  and  good  in  everything." 


•  Among  the  Cocopahs, 

BY   CAPT.    NEWTON    H.    CHITTENDEN. 

YtXiFTY  miles  east  of  Tia  Juana,  Mexico,  at  the  pictur- 
*ra  es(iue  mountain  border  station  of  Campo,  on  the  early 
U.  S.  mail  and  emigrant  road  between  Fort  Yuma  and 
San  Diego,  I  exchanged  my  gentle  Mexican  pack  pony 
for  an  untrained,  vicious  little  burro,  as  the  only 
beast  of  burden  which  could  survive  an  extended 
desert  journey.  It  began  service  by  bucking  off  the 
saddle,  charging  through  the  chaparral  and  cactus, 
scattering  my  outfit,  tearing  corduroys,  lacerating- 
the  flesh,  provoking  strong  language  and  permanently  im- 
pairing confidence.  But  this  wonderful  specimen  of  ani- 
mated nature  was  finally  persuaded  to  carry  my  blankets 
and  provisions  five  hundred  and  forty-five  miles,  over  the 


AMONG    THE    COCOPAHS.  197 

rock}^  summits  of  the  CuN'amaca  mountains  out  on  to  the 
desert,  past  C03  ote  and  Indian  Wells  to  Cameron  Lake,  and 
thence  south  four  days'  travel  to  the  tide-waters  of  the 
Gulf  of  California  on  Hardy  river.  That  was  the  way  1 
reached  the  land  of  the  Cocopahs. 

They  inhabit  a  region  remarkable  for  its  desolate  fea- 
tures, extreme  isolation,  high  temperature  and  active  vol- 
canic eruptions;  a  triangle  a  hundred  miles  on  a  side,  b^ng- 
between  the  Colorado  river  on  the  east,  high  precipitous 
mountains  on  the  west  and  two  hundred  miles  of  desert 
waste  to  the  northwest.  The  Cocopah  mountains — entirely 
separated  from  the  main  range,  and  from  ten  to  twent}^  miles 
therefrom — extend  from  the  boundary  southeastward  about 
sixt}^  miles.  The  intense  midsummer  heat,  augmented  b}^ 
reflection  to  an  overpowering  degree,  and  the  lack  of  water 
for  long  distances,  have  been  fatal  to  scores  of  prospectors. 
The  bodies  of  two  Americans  were  found  at  the  entrance  to 
Pacheco  cation  a  few  months  ago,  and  I  saw  the  grave  of 
another  who  had  been  overcome  within  a  few  miles  of  water. 

Advancing  along  the  eastern  base,  fragments  of  pottery 
were  seen  over  such  extended  area,  mixed  with  fresh  water 
shells,  as  to  suggest  that  prehistoric  natives  camped  on  the 
shore  of  gradualh^  receding  waters,  which,  at  a  former 
period,  covered  all  the  interior  basins.  That  such  overflow 
was  preceded  by  one  of  salt  seas  which  rose  over  mountain 
tops,  abundant  evidence  is  afforded  by  the  large  quantities 
of  oyster  and  other  ocean  shells.  Volcanic  forces  appear  to 
have  been  the  agencies  which  have,  through  successive  up- 
heavals and  vast  outpouring  of  stones,  lava  and  ashes, 
caused  the  retirement  of  the  ocean  and  the  damming  of  the 
Colorado  river,  which,  before  cutting  new  channels  to  the 
gulf,  formed  a  great  interior  lake.  There  are  several  ex- 
tensive craters,  one  of  which,  situated  about  thirty  miles 
south  of  Cameron  Lake  and  known  as  Black  Mountain,  is 
upward  of  a  thousand  feet  in  height  and  four  miles  in 
diameter,  and  so  recently  active  that  in  places  it  is  still 
almost  burning  hot.  The  surrounding  plain  is  covered 
with  cinders  and  ashes.  The  ashes  from  the  various  cen- 
ters of  eruption  cover  in  the  aggregate  hundreds  of  thou- 
sands of  acres,  and,  mixed  with  the  enormous  sedimentary 
deposits,  form  a  soil  of  great  depth  and  richness,  which 
overlies  the  sands  of  more  than  a  million  acres,  extending 
from  the  gulf  northward  over  a  hundred  miles  with  an  av- 
erage breadth  of  forty  miles.  Although  their  utilization 
beyond  the  limited  portions  watered  b}^  the  Colorado  river 
overflow  would  require  a  vast  outlay  of  capital,  when  the 
great  extent  of  productive  area  is  considered  and  the  enor- 
mous yield  of  grasses,  cereals  and  semi-tropic  fruits  secured, 
the  investment  seems  warranted. 


AMONG    THE    COCOPAHS. 


199 


CAPT.    NEWTON    H.    CHITTENDE^N. 


About  three  miles  east 
of  the  Black  Mountain 
crater  I  reached  the  west- 
ern shore  of  the  most  ex- 
tensive bod}'  of  fresh  water 
in  that  region,  then  over 
ten  miles  in  diameter.  It 
is  formed  of  the  June  rise 
of  the  Colorado  river 
through  its  new  outlet, 
called  b}^  the  Indians  and 
Mexicans  Paderon  river.* 
In  ordinary  seasons  this 
lake  discharges  most  of  its 
waters  through  the  Hard}'^ 
river  back  again  into  the 
Colorado  about  twenty- 
five  miles  from  the  gulf, 
filling,  in  its  course, 
numerous  lagoons  of  con- 
siderable extent,  overflow- 
ing upon  the  west  side  of 
the  Cocopah  range  several 

miles.  At  intervals  of  years  such  floods  pour  down 
from  the  mountains  that,  after  the  great  central  reservoir 
and  lagoons  to  the  southward  are  filled,  it  then  overflows  to 
the  north,  and  through  a  narrow  channel  reaches  the 
United  States,  and  after  forming  the  large  lagoon  called 
Cameron  Lake  sixty  miles  west  of  Yuma,  sometimes  (as  in 
1891)  has  a  sufficient  surplus  to  submerge  the  desert  as  far 
northward  as  Salton. 

Several  thousand  acres  southeast  of  Paderon  river-lake 
are  now  the  center  of  active  volcanic  eruption.  There  are 
over  two  hundred  cones  from  five  to  ten  feet  in  height  and 
diameter  continuously  boiling  and  spouting  hot  mud,  water 
and  steam ;  and  two  mud-pots  about  forty  feet  in  diameter, 
having  each  over  a  hundred  separate  centers  of  ebullition, 
some  of  which  at  regular  intervals,  accompanied  by  con- 
siderable noise,  throw  scalding  hot  mud  from  five  to  ten 
feet.  A  larger  deep  pool  of  hot  water  and  mud  is  supplied 
bv  an  intermittent  eruption  from  a  cone  ten  feet  high. 
This,  being  of  an  agreeable  bathing  temperature,  is  resorted 
to  by  the  Indians  and  Mexicans,  who  have  constructed  a 
sheltering  booth  from  tule  and  willows.  The  ov^erflow  of 
numerous   volcanic   springs,    including   one   of     drinkable 


*Paderon  is  a  common  Southwestern  Spanish  corruption  of  *'paredon,"  intensive 
of  "  pared,"  wall,  which  is  always  called  "  pader."  Paredon  river  would  mean  '  big- 
wall  "  or  "  high  bank  ''  river. — Ed. 


AMONG    THE    COCOPAHS.  201 

water — salt  and  sulphur  predominating- — has  formed  a  re- 
markable basin  of  black  warm  water  more  than  six  hundred 
feet  in  diameter,  with  hot  salt  borders,  around  which  a 
thousand  persons  could  take  mud  baths  at  once  without 
crowding-. 

Proceeding-  southward,  throug-h  groves  of  mesquite  trees, 
about  thirty-five  miles  from  the  boundary,  the  first  of  the 
Cocopah  nation  were  seen.  They  were  two  young-  hunters, 
armed  with  bows  and  arrows,  naked  to  the  waist,  wearing 
narrow  protecting-  g-irdles,  and  short  shirts  exposing-  the 
chest  and  arms.  They  were  admirable  representatives  of 
their  race  ;  above  the  average  native  American  in  stature, 
strongfly  and  well  formed,  with  an  ease  and  grace  of  move- 
ment seldom  acquired  by  any  other  people.  Their  features 
were  reg-ular,  hair  hung-  long-  and  thick,  eyes  larg-e,  lus- 
trous black  and  broad  set,  foreheads  prominent,  and  expres- 
sion intelligfent  and  friendly.  Exchang^ing-  a  few  words  of 
g-reeting-  in  Spanish,  I  asked  for  fish.  They  hastened  to  a  net 
which  they  had  woven  from  wild  hemp  and  set  across  a  lagoon 
near  us,  and  in  a  few  minutes  broug-ht  me  a  larg-e  mullet. 
Before  I  had  finished  cooking-  it  they  returned  ag-ain,  hav- 
ing- shot  a  duck  entirely  through  the  body  with  a  wooden- 
pointed  arrow.  Having-  roasted  this  on  my  camp  fire  they  de- 
parted for  their  villag-e  on  the  eastern  foothills  of  the  Co- 
copah range,  between  four  and  five  miles  distant. 

Before  evening-  the}"  returned,  bringing-  five  more  mem- 
bers of  their  tribe,  including-  the  ag-ed  Keganus,  whom  I  re- 
freshed with  a  drink  of  pinole.  When  I  afterward  visited 
his  rancheria  he  presented  me  with  a  sack  containing- 
two  or  three  pounds  of  it,  very  finely  prepared  by  his 
women  with  their  primitive  milling-  metates.  Two  Mexi- 
cans (one  from  the  mountains,  the  other  a  desert  cowboy) 
having  arrived,  it  was  decided  to  celebrate  the  occasion 
with  a  feast  of  fish  served  in  Indian  style.  According-l}^ 
after  a  g-reat  fire  had  been  built,  the  young-  men,  taking- 
long  poles,  sprang-  naked  into  the  narrow  lagoon,  and 
beg-an  to  beat  the  water  vig-orously  as  they  advanced 
toward  the  net,  which  was  buoyed  on  the  surface  with  wild 
cane.  They  were  so  successful  that  by  the  time  the 
bed  of  hot  coals  was  in  readiness  a  pile  of  fish  of  several 
varieties,  including  carp  and  mullet,  were  floundering-  along-- 
side.  After  being-  cut  open  and  cleaned  they  were  filled 
with,  laid  upon,  and  covered  with,  red  hot  coals ;  and  in  less 
than  twenty  minutes  were  so  thoroug-hl}^  roasted  that  skin, 
scales  and  fins  pealed  off,  leaving-  the  flesh  as  clean  and  pal- 
atable as  if  cooked  by  the  most  skillful  modern  caterer. 

Such  a  welcome  was  a  pleasant  contrast  to  the  reception 
which  the  Cocopahs  gave  to  foreig-ners  attempting-  to  enter 


202 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


their  countn-  a  few  years  ag-o.  A  Yuma  trader  who  had 
taken  one  of  their  women  for  his  wife  undertook  to  lead  a 
part)'  of  prospectors  througfh  the  land  of  his  relations.  But 
the  Cocopah  warriors  met  them  on  the  border  line  in  battle 
array,  and  iirmly  refused  to  let  them  cross  over.  Nearly 
fifty  well  armed  miners  from  Julian,  searching-  for  g'old  in 
the  San  Pedro  mountains,  were  forced  by  the  Cocopahs  to 
retreat  toward  the  coast,  and  narrowly  escaped  destruction 
in  a  canon  ambuscade.  Graduall}^  through  the  influence 
of  contact  with  the  better  elements  of  our  civilization,  their 
former  polic)'  of  exclusion  has  given  wa}'  to  one  of  friendly 
admission  among  them  of  those  who  are  in  pursuit  of 
worthy  objects. 

The  tribe  is  more  populous  than  has  been  estimated, 
numbering  at  least  450,  chiefly  occupying^  three  villages 
situated  on  the  east  side  of  the  river,  the  farthest  south 
being"  thirty  miles  from  the  gulf.  There  are  ten  family 
groups,    about    one    hundred     altogether,      dwelling     for 


AMONG    THE    COCOPAHS.  203 

twent3^-five  miles  along-  the  foothills  of  the  Cocopah  mount- 
ains. Their  isolation  has  been  so  complete  that  the}^  still 
retain  most  of  their  aboriginal  habits  and  customs.  The 
high  summer  temperature,  frequentl}^  from  110"  to  125"^.  has 
led  the  men  to  dispense  with  clothing-  almost  altogether, 
while  man}'  of  the  women  are  naked  to  the  waist,  wearing 
short  kilts  of  cottonwood  or  willow  bark. 

Nature  has  provided  abundantly  for  these  children  of  the 
desert.  All  the  waters  are  alive  with  fish  ver}'  easily 
caught,  while  multitudes  of  wild  geese,  duck  and  other 
fowl  swarm  on  their  surface.  Deer  are  numerous  in  the 
mountains,  rabbits  among  the  foothills,  and  the  musical 
notes  of  the  large  desert  quail  are  heard  all  night  long. 
The  mesquite  tree  flourishes  on  the  borders  of  all  the  lagoons 
and  upon  overflowed  lands,  yielding  supplies  of  beans  alone 
adequate  for  their  subsistence.  Of  these  they  gather  large 
quantities.  Pihon  nuts  are  obtained  in  the  mountains, 
wild  potatoes  in  the  tule  bottoms,  and  rice  on  the  banks  of 
the  lower  river  under  the  salt  water  tide  overflow.  Moreover, 
the  Cocopahs,  although  so  wild  in  many  respects,  have  be- 
come agriculturists  to  such  an  extent  that  nearly  every  family 
plants  a  garden  after  the  June  rise  of  the  Colorado  river, 
and  raises  considerable  quantities  of  corn,  beans,  squashes 
and  melons.  So  fine,  mellow  and  rich  is  the  soil  that  with- 
out plowing,  and  with  very  limited  cultivation,  the  yield  is 
most  abundant.  They  have  no  cattle  and  only  a  few 
horses,  the  practice  of  burning  them  when  cremating  the 
dead  having  kept  their  numbers  reduced.  A  few  burros 
were  seen  which  were  used  in  packing  water  for  the  Mexi- 
cans engaged  in  gold  placer-mining  in  the  Cocopah  mount- 
ains. 

As  one  approaches  their  habitation,  the  most  conspicu- 
ous structure  is  the  raised  platform  about  six  feet  in  height 
upon  which,  in  great  baskets  coarsely  made  from  willow 
and  tule,  secure  from  flood,  storms  and  wild  animals,  were 
stored  their  most  important  vegetable  foods,  especially  mes- 
quite beans,  corn  and  beans.  Their  huts  are  built  ver}" 
low,  of  poles  covered  with  willow,  tule  and  earth,  frequenth^ 
without  smoke  escape,  in  which  during  the  cool  nights  of 
my  March  visit,  the}^  coiled  at  night  nearly  naked,  close 
around  the  fires  for  warmth,  on  the  bare  sand  with  their 
numerous  dogs.  In  front  are  usuall}^  arbors  covered  with 
willow  and  tule,  where  the}-  cook,  eat  and  recline  during  the 
day  time. 

Their  primitive  vessels,  mortars,  pestles  and  potter}^ 
wares  were  very  rudely  made,  and  only  a  few  other  stone 
implements  were  seen.  Wooden  mortars  and  long,  hard 
wood  pestles  were  used  for  pounding  mesquite  beans.   Bows 


204  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

were  made  from  willow,  and  being-  less  elastic  and  more 
liable  to  break  when  dry,  old  ones  were  seldom  seen.  Those 
used  for  huntings  deer  were  from  six  to  eight  feet  in  length. 
Arrows  were  made  from  wild  cane,  pointed  with  six  or 
eight  inches  of  hard  wood  skillfully  secured  with  sinew. 
Three  different  hunting  parties  whom  I  met  between  their 
several  villages  were  all  exclusively  armed  with  them. 

The  men  manufacture  ropes  from  mescal  fiber,  also  noise- 
less sandals  for  deer  hunting — rawhide  being-  used  for  ordi- 
nary service.  Their  aged  medicine  man,  who  wore  a  larg-e 
white  bead  suspended  from  his  nostril,  was  knitting-  a  fine 
meshed  fishing-  net  from  wild  hemp.  The  women  make 
baskets  from  the  roots  of  the  mesquite  tree,  and  willow, 
caps  from  wire  grass  or  mescal  fiber.  Their  ornamen- 
tation consists  chiefly  in  face  painting-.  I  was  a  guest  at 
supper  in  one  Cocopah  household  of  twentj-,  where  several 
naked  red,  white  and  blue  faced  children,  with  their  heads 
plastered  thick  with  mud,  were  evidently  objects  of  parental 
pride. 

About  twenty-five  miles  south  of  the  Black  Mountain 
crater  the  tortuous  river  bends  westward  until,  for  a  short 
distance,  it  runs  close  to  the  base  of  the  Cocopah  mount- 
ains. The  narrow  strip  between  was  covered  with  a  dense 
growth  of  tule,  which  the  Indians  had  set  on  fire  for  the 
purpose  of  driving  out  game.  In  passing  through,  the 
flames  enveloped  me,  burning  my  clothing  and  blistering 
one  hand.  Toward  evening  I  reached  the  most  southerly 
habitation  of  the  Cocopahs,  on  the  west  side  of  the  river, 
and  was  pressing  on  when  the  aged  occupant  hastened  to 
overtake  me,  and  point  out  the  right  trail.  On  the  last  day 
of  March  the  midnight  high  tide  came  rushing  up  from  the 
gulf  close  to  my  bivouac  on  the  Hardy  river.  Several  sec- 
tions of  the  vertebrae  of  an  enormous  whale  lay  on  the 
bank  near  me,  which  stranded  a  few  miles  below  in  the 
great  storm  tidal  wave  of  1895. 

There  were  two  families  of  Indians  from  their  village, 
eight  miles  distant,  who  received  me  in  a  friendly  manner. 
Three  roasted  rats  were  included  in  their  supper  menu, 
and  I  was  very  much  relieved  when  a  big  Indian  devoured 
the  last  of  them  without  inviting  me  to  share  that  portion 
of  the  feast. 


//4a 


205 


Relics  of  Old    California, 


II. 

ITH  thousands,  an  added  interest  will  ac- 
crue to  the  unique  collection  of  relics 
pertaining-  to  or  collected  by  that  cavalier 
of  the  old  California  da3^s,  Don  Antonio 
P.  Coronel,  from  the  fact  that  he  and 
his  wife  were  the  hosts,  mentors  and 
dear  friends  of  Helen  Hunt  Jackson. 
Don  Antonio  might  almost  be  called  the 
godfather  of  Rajnona.  No  other  person  g-ave  Mrs.  Jackson 
— if  an}^  other  person  could  so  well  have  given — so  much 
of  the  "atmosphere,"  so  much  of  the  sound  information 
as  to  character  and  customs,  so  expert  advice  whither  to  go 
and  whom  to  see,  for  the  g^athering  of  material  for  her 
wonderful  romance.  While  in  Los  Angeles  she  sojourned 
with  the  Coronels  in  the  delightful  old  adobe  on  Seventh 
street — long-  since,  alas,  onl}^  a  precious  memory  to  those 
who  knew  it — whose  place  could  never  quite  be  taken,  even 
with  the  same  g^racious  hosts,  by  its  ugly  typical  American 
frame  successor.  There  she  lived  personally  amid  the  ver}^ 
type  of  the  patriarchal  life  she  was  to  delineate  so  beauti- 
fully and  so  sympathetically.  There  she  was  a  very  in- 
quisitor with  innumerable  questions  to  Don  Antonio  and 


"  H.    H.,"    HKR    TABIvE 


206 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


1 

1            Wi 

Copyrijfht  IHbT  by  Chas.  V.  Luninii 
DON    ANTONIO    AND    DONA    I'ICHONA    DANCING    '*  THE   CUNA." 


Dona  Mariana — and  never  did  law)'er  make  better  use  of  a 
cross-examination.  Beyond  reasonable  doubt,  Charles 
Dudle}'  Warner  was  the  only  other  Eastern  writer  who  ever 
learned  so  much  of  Southern  California  in  so  short  a  time 
as  Mrs.  Jackson  did  ;  and  her  line  of  research  was  much 
more  esoteric.  Those  who  really  know  how  crude  concepts 
even  the  bri»»-ht  traveler  <2:enerally  carries  away  after  a  few 
weeks,  can  best  appreciate  both  the  g-enius  of  Mrs.  Jackson 
for  this  sort  of  learning:,  and  her  great  fortune  in  finding" 
the  very  best  informants  there  were.  It  is  quite  safe  to 
say — for  the  chances  are  as  a  thousand  to  one  that  if  she 
had  not  "discovered"  Don  Antonio  she  would  not  have  ac- 
(luired,  within  the  term  of  her  California  sojourn,  one-half 
that  perfection  of  local  color  which  is  one  great  charm  of 
her  book.      ''  He  is  US  years  of  age,  but  he  is  young,"  wrote 


RELICS    OF    OLD    CALIFORNIA. 


20/ 


Mrs.  Jackson  in  the  Century  magazine  in  1883  ("Echoes 
in  the  City  of  the  Ang-els");  "  the  best  walker  in  Los  An- 
g-eles  today  ;  his  eye  keen,  his  blood  fierj^-quick  ;  his 
memor}^  like  a  burning-g-lass,  bringing-  into  sharp  light 
and  focus  a  half-century  as  if  it  were  as  yesterday." 

There  in  the  old  adobe,  too,  she  wrote  her  notes  for 
RajHona ;  and  the  little  writing-table,  made  for  her,  is 
part  of  the  "  Coronel  Collection"  now  in  the  Chamber  of 
Commerce  Art  Room.  For  that  matter,  a  whole  wall  is 
given  up  to  mementos  of  her ;  and  her  letters  to  the 
Coronels,  with  various  editions  of  Ranioiia  and  the  great 
bulk  of  matter  for  extra-illustrating  the  book,  upon  which 
Miss  Annie  B.  Picher,  the  curator,  has  been  at  work  for 
man}^  A^ears,  are  here  to  be  seen.  Kven  as  a  Raniona  col- 
lection the  displa}'  is  highly  interesting;  and  it  will  doubt- 
less be  a  nucleus  to  attract  what  shall  form  a  veritable 
little  museum  of  mementos  of  this  California  classic.    Such 


s 

1 

sr 

w 

\ 

^^1 

A^ 

lA'  '^  ^"^^H 

1       r^  ^ 

KM 

f^Mtitt'fc-a         jg 

^ 

¥ 

/ 
r' 

^^^m 

;  '^ijy 



^^^F 

Southern  California  Indian  Baskets,  Cradle,  Women's  Skirts,  Wing 
OF  California  Condor  given  "  H.  H."  by  Coahuia  Indians,  etc. 


208 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


JUNiPERO  SERRA. 

(From  the  Schumacher  crayon,  after 

a  painting"  in  the  City  of  Mexico.] 

last  remnant  of  the  old  blue 


a  department,  made  complete, 
would  be  admirably  worth 
while. 

But  that  is  merely  a  small 
issue  in  the  value  and  interest 
of  the  Coronel  Collection.  The 
personal  relics  of  Father  Juni- 
pero  Serra,  the  Apostle  of  Cal- 
ifornia, and  founder  of  the 
Missions  ;  of  Father  Zalvidea 
and  others  of  the  Franciscan 
missionaries  ;  of  Portala,  the 
first  governor,  and  many  of  his 
successors ;  of  Don  Antonio 
himself,  as  gracious  and  as  fine 
a  caballero  as  ever  trod  Cali- 
fornia soil ;  the  handicraft  and 
the  trapping's  of  the  old-time 
life  at  Mission  or  in  pueblo  or 
on  the  rancho — these  are  the 
characteristic  and  priceless 
features  of  the  collection.  The 
zarape  Don  Antonio  wore  at 


4 


Kroni  paint iny  by  Alex.  K.  llaniier. 
DONA    MAKIANA    AT   THE    MKTATK. 


RELICS    OF    OLD    CALIFORN 


^ 


209 


THE   Ol.n    CORONRI,   HOME,    FROM    PAINTING   BY   AI,EX.    F.    HARMER. 

the  battle  of  San  Pascual  (the  little  action  of  Dec.  6,  1846, 
in  which  the  native  Californians  defeated  Gen.  Kearny 
and  captured  one  of  his  howitzers)  is  treasured  here  ;  and 
so  are  other  relics  of  the  brief  and  remarkably  unsanguin- 
ary  "Conquest"  of  California.  The  fact  is,  California 
was  really  leaning-  toward  us  ;  restless  under  the  rule  of 
Mexico,  because  of  the  carpet-bag-  g-overnors  sent  from  there, 
and  preferring  United  States  to  Bng-lish  authority,  chiefly 


OI.D    "  AI.AMBIQUES,"    WHEEI.S   OF   THE  FIRST  AMERICAN  WAGON   THAT 
CROSSED   THE   PI<AINS   TO    l,OS   ANGEIyES,    ETC 


210 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


^^4 


OLD   SILVER    CUKTAIN-LOOPS. 


HOME,    SWEET   HOME. 


211 


for  geographical  reasons.  Org-anized  resistance  to  our 
arms  was  practically  by  the  imported  politicians  and  their 
followers,  and  there  was  no  serious  hostility  toward 
''Americans"  in  the  g-reat  mass  of  Californians. 

There  are  in  the  collection  man}^  articles  made  when 
California  was  new,  by  Spanish  colonist  artisans  and  Mis- 
sion Indian  neophj^tes ;  many  older  artifects  of  Old  Mexico 
and  Spain  ;  and  many  from  the  patient  hands  of  the  very 
first  Californians — the  prehistoric  savages  of  whose  de- 
scendants, converted  and  civilized  in  thousands  by  the 
Franciscan  missionaries,  onl)^  a  few  pitiful  remnants  are 
now  left,  crowded  out  upon  the  desert  places  by  the  greed  of 
their  latter-day  neighbors. 


V.  V  B  R  /.  p, 


Home,  Sweet  Home. 


Ui- 


C.-.' 


BY  HARRY   B.    TEDROW. 


ATURE  provides  for  the  bad  as  well  as  the 
good  of  her  creation.  She  stored  the  fis- 
sures of  Mount  Argo  with  silver  ore.  She 
also  made  Dastard's  Point  through  which 
the  treasures  must  be  carried  —  a  place 
where  those  who  live  by  preying  upon 
their  fellows  might  easily  murder  and  rob. 
Dastard's  Point  is  a  few  miles  from  the 
famous  mining  camp.  Here  the  road  dips  into  a  hollow 
where  spruce  and  pine  trees  grow  thickly  on  either  side  and 
where  the  cold,  clear  waters  wash  the  wheels  and  the 
horses'  legs  as  they  ford  the  rushing  mountain  stream.  The 
Way  out  of  the  hollow  is  rocky  and  steep.  The  horses  must 
scramble  to  pull  up  their  loads,  and  even  the  patient  pack- 
burro  sometimes  rebels  at  the  climb.  It  was  at  the  crest 
of  this  small  hill  that  highwaymen  committed  most  of  their 
crimes.  Here  took  place  the  dreadful  tragedy  which  gave 
the  place  its  name.  The  story  may  be  heard  from  any  of 
the  men  and  women  who  lived  at  Argo  at  the  time. 

It  was  in  the  days  when  the  place  was  earning  its  repu- 
tation as  a  great  camp  by  producing  thousands  of  dollars 
of  silver  every  month.  The  signs  of  its  prosperity  were 
dozens  of  saloons  and  dance-halls,  street  murders  and,  above 
all,  stage  robberies.  Sometimes  the  pack  trains  which  car- 
ried the  precious  bullion  from  the  camp  to  the  railway  ten 
miles  away  were  plundered,  but  upcoming  stages  were  the 
favorite  objects  of  attack.  Pack  trains  were  always  accom- 
panied by  a  large  and  heavily  armed  escort.  Stages  were 
seldom  guarded,  except  by  the  driver  and  express-messen- 
ger.    The  latter  had  in  his  charge  the  heavy  iron  box; 


212  LAND    OF   SUNSHINE. 

which  was  screwed  to  the  vehicle,  and  to  secure  the  con- 
tents of  this  box  was  the  incentive  for  most  of  the  holdups. 
Incidentally,  passengers  were  relieved  of  their  valuables. 
The  upcoming:  stage  very  often  brought  thousands  of  dol- 
lars in  money,  to  be  used  in  paying  miners  for  their  labor. 
The  bandits  knew  this  fact  very  well.  Actual  coin  was  not 
only  of  more  use  to  them  than  bullion,  but  easier  to  get. 
Therefore,  the  stages  were  their  natural  prey. 

On  that  June  evening  there  was  joy  in  one  of  the  little 
cabins  at  Argo,  for  a  man  and  woman  somewhat  past  middle 
age.  He  was  bent  by  years  of  slaving  with  pick  and  drill, 
and  she  was  bowed  by  all  the  worry  and  toil  that  befall 
the  miner's  wife.  Their  careworn  faces  at  this  time,  how- 
ever, bespoke  a  happiness  greater  than  any  they  had  ever 
before  known.  Their  daughter  was  coming  home,  and  this 
was  the  evening  for  her  arrival. 

In  one  of  her  few  trips  to  Argo,  the  wife  of  a  wealthy 
mine  owner  had  been  struck  with  the  unusual  intelligence 
and  rare  beaut}^  of  their  little  girl,  then  ten  years  old.  She 
asked  to  take  the  child  East  and  educate  her.  The  parents, 
after  long  thought,  consented.  The  advantages  of  the 
rough  mining  camp  were  few,  and,  although  their  affection 
for  their  daughter  was  strong,  they  could  not  deny  her  such  an 
opportunity  as  was  offered^  So  it  happened  that  the  mother 
and  father  put  aside  their  own  feelings  and  let  her  go.  For 
eight  years  they  had  met  their  troubles  with  resignation 
because  they  knew  Rosie  was  being  well  cared  for  and  edu- 
cated. In  May  she  had  graduated  from  the  academy. 
After  the  excitement  of  commencement  was  over,  her 
thoughts  turned  homeward,  and  she  was  coming  back. 

The  little  home  was  in  perfect  order.  Long  had  the 
couple  waited  for  this  great  event.  They  had  planned  just 
how  to  arrange  the  simple  furniture  in  the  cabin,  and  had 
many  talks  about  what  they  should  have  for  the  first  meal. 
Now  they  were  waiting  the  coming  of  the  stage  with  as 
much  patience  as  they  could  muster. 

**I  put  the  little  chair  in  her  bedroom,  John,  just  where 
she'll  see  it  when  she  goes  in,"  said  the  mother,  who  was 
trying  to  be  calm  by  rearranging  things  which  she  had 
already  arranged  a  half  dozen  times.  "I  think  she'll  re- 
member it.  Why,  she  wrote  about  her  little  blue  chair  in 
one  of  her  letters  a  year  or  so  ago." 

John  was  likewise  busy  doing  a  lot  of  useless  things. 
He  made  no  answer  and  his  wife  prattled  on. 

**It  don't  seem  like  she's  grown  so,  now  does  it?  Five 
feet  four,  a  hundred  and  'leven  pounds.  Mercy  sakes, 
who'd  a  thought  our  little  girl'd  ever  be  a  woman  like  this  I" 
and  the  mother  took  down  from  the  clock  shelf  a  photo- 


HOME,    SWEET    HOME.  213 

graph,  which  she  looked  at  proudly,  holding:  it  at  various 
distances  from  her  to  g-et  different  perspectives.  ' '  What 
do  you  think  Mrs.  Samuelson  asked  me,  John?  Asked  me 
if  I  warn't  afraid  she'd  be  stuck  up  and  above  us.  Think 
of  it  I  Our  own  little  Rosie  ashamed  of  us  !  Not  much,  I 
tell  you,  and  I  answered  her  purty  sharp,  too.  JRosie  aint 
forg-ot  us,  John,  not  if  she  /las  growed  up  into  a  beautiful 
lady.  Do  you  remember  what  she  said  in  her  last  letter 
about  how  glad  she'll  be  to  see  us  ?  Oh,  it  seems  so  long. 
Wonder  why  the  stage  don't  come?  Si  Haskins  usually 
brings  it  in  on  time,  and  it's  pretty  near  an  hour  late  now." 

At  the  railway  station  the  train  had  arrived  and  brought 
Rosie.  She  was  a  bright,  vivacious  girl  with  every  sign 
of  health  and  happiness.  Her  large  blue  eyes  sparkled 
with  delight  at  returning  to  the  mountains,  and  with  the 
anticipated  pleasure  of  seeing  her  parents  after  so  long 
absence. 

"Lord,  Rosie,"  said  her  old  friend  the  stage-driver,  as  he 
stood  amazed  at  the  neatly  dressed  young  woman,  "yo're 
as  big  as  I  am.     Yo'r  folks  won't  know  you." 

"Oh,  I  hope  so.  Si,"  she  replied;  "I  suppose  I  have 
grown  some.  You  can't  keep  girls  little  all  the  time,  you 
know.  They  will  grow.  I  wish.  Si,"  she  went  on,  "you 
would  let  me  ride  on  the  seat  with  you.  I  haven't  seen  a 
mountain  for  so  long,  and  I  would  die  inside  that  stuffy 
place.  Just  think,  Si,  for  eight  years  I  haven't  seen  a  real 
mountain!  It  won't  be  like  coming  home  if  I  can't  sit  out 
with  you  and  enjoy  it." 

"Well,  you  know,  Rosie,  Jake's  got  to  ride  with  me — an 
express-messenger's  place  is  always  with  the  driver — but 
both  me  and  Jake  is  slim,  and  I  guess  there'll  be  plenty  of 
room  for  all  three  of  us.  'Jake,"  he  said,  turning  to  the 
messenger  who  had  now  come  up,  "we'll  take  Rosie  up  in 
front  with  us.  Jist  think,"  he  mumbled  to  himself,  "the 
gal  hain't  saw  a  mountain  for  eight  year  ! " 

Jake  was  willing  and  even  pleased.  He  showed  a  blush- 
ing face  as  he  put  the  necessary  Winchester  in  its  place. 
As  a  matter  of  fact,  the  iron  box  held  nothing  on  this  trip. 
Nevertheless,  the  messenger's  duty  was  the  same.  There 
were  three  or  four  passengers  beside  Rosie.  As  soon  as  every- 
one was  seated,  including  the  other  woman  traveler,  an  aged 
lady.  Si  cracked  his  long  whip  and  the  four  horses  started 
off  with  a  bound. 

It  was  a  glorious  mountain  day.  There  were  enough 
clouds  passing  before  the  sun  to  prevent  its  rays  from  be- 
coming too  hot,  and  a  cool  breeze  blew  from  the  range. 
The  effect  of  the  beauty  and  tl^e  pure  air  was  exhilarating. 
Rosie  chattered  and  laughed. 


214  LAND    OF   SUNSHINE. 

*'Now,  I  don't  want  you  to  tell  me  a  name  unless  I  get 
the  places  mixed,"  she  said  to  the  two  men  between  whom 
she  sat.  "  I  know  I  haven't  forgotten  a  single  ridge  on  any 
of  these  mountains,  not  one.  There's  Sheep  Mountain  over 
there  with  the  round  top ;  there's  Badger  with  the  three 
sharp  points  sticking  up,  and  let's  see,  where's  Old  Baldy? 
Oh,  there  he  is,"  she  cried ;  "isn't  he  beautiful,  and  the 
snow  lies  just  in  the  same  old  way,  in  the  shape  of  a  cres- 
cent. Do  you  know.  Si,  sometimes  the  clouds  would  bank 
up  into  ranges  and  peaks,  and  I'd  try  to  imagine  they  were 
our  mountains — but  somehow  I  couldn't  fool  myself  very 
well." 

As  the  stage  labored  on  she  told  them  stories  of  her  life 
at  school  and  insisted  that  they,  in  turn,  should  tell  what 
had  happened  while  she  had  been  away.  The  sun  was 
sinking  behind  the  range  in  a  brilliancy  of  color.  They 
were  within  a  few  miles  of  Argo.  They  had  ceased  talk- 
ing, and  the  old  lady,  impressed  by  the  silence,  called  out 
from  the  interior  of  the  conversance,  asking  if  Rosie  could 
sing.     For  answer  the  girl  sang  "Home,  Sweet  Home." 

The  soft  footfall  of  the  horses,  the  creaking  of  the  har- 
ness and  the  vehicle,  the  occasional  cry  of  a  belated  bird, 
and  the  murmurs  of  a  stream  they  were  approaching  inter- 
fered in  no  way  with  the  clear  notes  as  they  fell  upon  the 
evening  air.  Her  soul  was  in  the  song.  She  herself  was 
going  home.  Not  to  the  old  lady  within,  not  to  Si  or  Jake, 
not  to  herself,  was  she  singing.  She  was  pouring  forth  her 
inmost  feelings  to  all  the  beautiful  world  around  her.  She 
would  soon  be  back  in  the  cabin  home  with  mother  and 
father,  and  be  it  ever  so  humble  there  was  no  place  like 
home. 

The  stage  passed  down  into  the  hollow.  The  song  con- 
tinued. Between  the  pine  and  spruce  trees  were  wafted 
the  heartfelt  words.  All  the  occupants  of  the  conveyance 
were  under  the  spell.  Si  afterward  declared  he  did  not  re- 
member crossing  the  creek  nor  going  up  the  hill.  Under  the 
influence  the  horses  themselves  found  the  climb  an  easy 
one.  She  began  the  last  verse  as  they  neared  the  top.  Her 
eyes  were  fixed  upon  the  far-away  snows  of  Old  Baldy.  Im- 
pelled by  the  near  approach  to  her  early  home,  the  song 
swelled  out  with  a  divine  tone  upon  the  quiet  air. 

Suddenly,  without  a  cry  of  "Haiti"  without  a  sign  of 
warning,  both  barrels  of  a  shot-gun  were  discharged  from 
in  front  of  the  horses.  The  arm  of  the  driver  was  shat- 
tered, the  jaw  of  the  messenger  was  almost  entirely  carried 
away,  and  Rosie  fell  down  beneath  the  horses'  feet  with 
"Home,  sweet  home,"  upon  her  lips.  One  shot  had  pierced 
her  head,  another  her  heart. 


UNTRUTHFUL    JAMES. 


215 


The  stag-e  that  slowly  came  into  Argo  that  nig-ht  bearing 
its  wounded  and  dead  is  said  to  have  been  the  bloodiest  that 
ever  arrived  at  the  mining-  camp.  No  satisfactory  explana- 
tion was  ever  made  to  account  for  the  heartlessness  of  the 
trag-edy .  The  lone  hig-hwayman  was  never  captured.  After 
he  fired  his  two  barrels,  he  disappeared  in  the  bushes,  not 
even  waiting  to  rob  his  victims.  His  nerve  seemed  to  have 
left  him  the  instant  the  deed  was  done.  It  was  the  act  of 
a  worse  than  coward ;  and  for  want  of  a  strong-er  name,  the 
place  where  it  was  committed  is  called  Dastard's  Point. 

Denver,  Colo. 


Untruthful  James. 

[he  Wide  World  mag-azine  (London)  of  September, 
1900,  pp.  516-523,  contains  as  impudent  a  fraud  as  was 
ever  printed — "  The  Fire  Dance  of  the  Navahoes,  by 
George  Wharton  James  of  Pasadena,  Cal."  It  runs 
only  about  3000  words  ;  but  in  this  modest  space  are 
at  least  fifteen  unquestionable  lies,  willful  and  shame- 
less ;  nine  falsehoods  which  are  lies  if  James  never 
saw  the  dance  (as  is  certainly  the  case),  fourteen  pre- 
varications or  purposely  misleading-  remarks,  and  a 
number  of  phrases  which  we  may  mildly  call  tergiver- 
sations. What  truth  there  is  in  the  article  was  stolen 
bodily  from  Dr.  Washington  Matthews's  ''Mountain 
Chant"  in  the  5th  Annual  Report  of  the  Bureau  of 
Ethnology.  Dr.  Matthews  is  at  the  head  of  American 
ethnologists  ;  the  longest  of  our  students,  the  most 
modest,  and  now  most  hopelessly  broken  in  health.  A 
hairless  Chihuahua  dog  might  possibly  steal  from 
him ;  but  if  we  can  suppose  a  student  ready  to  steal 
from  anyone  else,  no  student  would  steal  from  the 
brave  old  dean.  But  Mr.  James  has  been  for  many 
years  notorious,  where  known,  for  making  no  fine  dis- 
tinctions. 

In  his  first  column  we  flush  a  fine  brace  of — James- 
isms.  '*  It  [the  ceremony]  receives  its  name  from  the 
fact  that  .  .  .  the  hosh-kon,  a  species  of  Yucca,  is 
made  to  grow  in  the  presence  of  the  spectators.  This 
plant  is  shown  in  our  second  photo." 

It  is  not  made  to  grow  in  the  presence  of  the  specta- 
tors. The  trick  is  one  an  American  schoolboy  would 
understand,  if  he  saw  it  performed.  James  emphasizes  his  false- 
hood by  saying  (p.  522),  "How  the  hosh-kon  is  made  to  grow  out  of 
season  in  this  extraordinary  way  I  am  unable  to  say,  and  I  have  never 
met  anyone  who  was  able  to  give  an  intelligent  explanation  of  it." 
Very  likely.  Mr.  James  has  never  seen  the  act ;  and  so  far  as  I  know 
the  only  white  men  who  have  are  people  who  would  hardly  explain 
anything  to  Mr.  James — unless  the  way  to  the  door.  A  scholar  who 
did  see  it  (Dr.  Matthews)  had  no  difficulty  in  understanding  the  trick. 
It  was  so  evident,  indeed,  that  he  did  not  trouble  to  explain  it,  beyond 
saying  (par.  143),  "  The  ceremony  was  conducted  ...  by  22  persons 
in  ordinary  dress.  One  bore,  exposed  to  view,  a  natural  root  of 
yucca,  crowned  with  its  cluster  of  root-leaves,  which  remain  green 
all  winter.  The  rest  bore  in  their  hands  wands  of  piiion.  What 
other  properties  they  may  have  had  concealed  under  their  blankets^  the 


216  LAND    OF   SUNSHINE. 

reader  will  soon  be  able  to  conjecture.'*''  Italics  mine.  As  a  matter  of 
fact,  the  panicle  of  the  yucca  blossoms  and  that  of  fruit  are  artificial. 
The  dancers  bring  them  under  their  blankets  and  set  them  in  the 
ground.  As  a  score  of  them  form  a  close  ring  around  the  magician, 
he  can  easily  do  his  work  unseen  by  the  outsiders.  When  he  is  done, 
the  ring  opens  and  the  "  miracle  "  is  displayed.  If  Mr.  James  had 
ever  seen  the  ceremony  he  would  doubtless  still  be — what  he  is.  But 
he  would  not  need  to  be  so  stupid  a  one. 

The  hosh-kon  (as  he  writes  it)  is  not  "displayed  in  his  second  photo.,** 
nor  in  any  other.  Dr.  Matthews  is  not  only  an  ethnologist  and 
an  honorable  man — in  which,  as  in  many  other  particulars,  he  has  an 
eternal  advantage  over  Mr.  James — but  also  a  botanist  of  standing. 
In  fig.  57,  p.  440,  he  gives  a  true  picture  of  the  hoshkawn  or  yucca  bac- 
cata.  Heaven  may  know  what  plant  Mr.  James  has  figured  in  this 
place,  but  the  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture  does  not — and  it  has 
been  consulted.  In  any  event,  the  plant  is  not  what  it  pretends  to  be, 
and  it  does  not  grow  in  the  Navajo  country.  As  Mr.  James  stole  so 
liberally  from  Dr.  Matthews,  why  did  he  not  '*  convey"  this  cut  also  ? 

More  lies  are  in  the  second  column.  '*  The  reports  of  the  few  emi- 
nent scientists  who  have  witnessed  the  ceremony  confirm  in  every 
particular  the  result  of  my  own  observations."  This  is  not  merely 
double-barreled — it  is  a  revolver  !  Mr.  James  never  saw  the  cere- 
mony, as  his  own  article  shall  prove  ;  and  the  only  eminent  scientist 
who  has  ever  recorded  the  ceremony  contradicts  Mr.  James's  **  ob- 
servations." 

Whopper  again  in  the  third  column — and  be  it  understood  that  this 
space  is  too  valuable  to  waste  on  James's  minor  sins.  Only  a  few  of 
the  most  characteristic  can  be  cited.  He  says  the  great  woodpile  for 
the  central  fire  was  collected  in  one  day  and  was  '*  no  less  than  250 
feet  in  diameter."  Unhappily  for  him,  he  steals  Dr.  Matthews's 
picture  of  the  same  wood  pile.  He  says  the  wood  is  dragged  in,  which 
is  true.  If  over  500  Navajos  ever  attended  this  ceremony  at  a  time, 
it  was  long  before  ex-Rev.  G.  Wharton  James  was  expelled  from  the 
ministry.  About  half  of  this  maximum  number  are  women,  children 
and  old  men.  But  if  every  one  of  the  500  had  nothing  to  do  but  to 
drag  in  wood,  it  would  be  a  very  fair  day's  work  for  them  to  fetch 
some  5000  cords.  Now  Dr.  Matthews's  picture  shows  the  complete 
woodpile — a  line  drawing  from  a  photo.  As  if  fearful  that  someone 
might  deem  his  1^'ing  unintentional,  Mr.  James  labels  the  borrowed 
cut  **y^  contribution  toward  the  great  stack  of  wood  for  the  furnace." 
This  proves  that  his  ten-fold  exaggeration  is  willful ;  and  not  a  slip 
of  the  pen  or  a  typographical  error.  Dr.  Matthews  says  the  whole 
corral  in  which  the  ceremony  took  place  was  40  paces  in  diameter ; 
and  James  nimbly  steals  his  engraving  of  the  120-foot  circle  and 
textually  puts  a  250-foot  woodpile  in  it — to  say  nothing  of  the  dancers 
and  several  hundred  spectators.  James  "admits"  he  took  his 
camera  along  and  that  he  "  saw  "  these  things  in  the  daytime.  How 
does  it  chance,  then,  that  all  his  illustrations  which  have  anything 
to  do  with  the  case  are  stolen  from  Dr.  Matthews's  famous  work,  and 
that  all  the  James  photos,  are  what  any  fakir  could  make  almost  any- 
where ?  Perhaps  the  veracious  gentleman's  "plates  were  spoiled" 
— but  he  fails  to  tell  us  so. 

To  pass  many  other  lies  let  us  take  pp.  520  and  521.  Describing 
the  "  great  plumed  arrow,"  James  says  :  "Then,  to  our  amazement, 
each  [actor]  threw  his  head  back  and  slowly  but  surely  thrust  the  ar- 
row down  his  throaty  as  shown  in  the  preceding  sketch.  Still  with 
the  arrow  stuck  down  their  gullets,  the  two  savages  danced.  . 
Then,  apparently  quite  unharmed  by  their  startling  performance, 
they  withdrew  the  arrows  from  their  throats."  The  underlined 
words  he  uses  as  title  of  the  picture— again  stolen  from  Dr.  Matthews. 


UNTRUTHFUL    JAMES.  217 

Now,  if  Mr.  James  were  a  wiser  thief,  he  would  have  read  more 
carefully.  Dr.  Matthews  has  seen  these  trick-arrows  made  in  the 
medicine-house,  and  tells  at  length  (par.  121)  how  they  are  made  and 
used.  Again  (par.  131,  134)  he  explains  the  sleight  of  hand  of  the 
"swallowing."  They  are  never  swallowed.  They  do  not  pass  be- 
yond the  teeth.  The  trick  did  not  puzzle  any  scholar  who  ever  saw 
it.  It  does  not  puzzle  James,  who  never  saw  it.  But  he  writes  for 
easy  pre)' — and  he  is  James.  It  is  rather  well  understood  by  Indians 
and  whites,  along  some  500  miles  of  the  Southwest  that  Mr.  James 
may  tell  the  truth  when  he  cannot  well  help  it. 

Of  the  twelve  illustrations  in  the  Wide  World  fake,  five  are  stolen 
from  Dr.  Matthews,  and  four  of  these  are  untruthfully  entitled.  The 
rest  might  have  been  bought  by  any  "  tenderfoot"  tourist.  They  are 
in  themselves  sufficient  evidence  that  James  never  saw  the  cere- 
monial. Not  one  is  intimate — except  that  of  the  author ;  and  it,  if 
intimate,  is  not  particular. 

On  page  517,  Mr.  James  pretends  that  he  saw  the  esoteric  rites  in 
the  hogan  during  the  nine  days  preceding  the  public  ceremonial.  I 
may  be  mistaken  in  the  belief  that  Dr.  Matthews  is  the  only  white 
mian  who  has  ever  seen  those  rites,  as  he  is  certainly  the  only  respect- 
able person  who  has  ever  in  print  pretended  to. 

Now,  to  the  "few  eminent  scientists"  who  know  anything  about 
this  matter,  it  is  notorious  that  no  two  of  the  "Fire-dances"  are 
precisely  alike.  They  are  always  varied  for  religious  as  well  as  for 
artistic  reasons.  Funny  that  Mr.  James,  pretending  to  see  a  Fire- 
dance  in  1898  "saw"  only  what  Dr.  Matthews  had  printed  for  him 
of  1884 ! 

Yet  not  so  funny  after  all.  If  these  foregoing  words  seem  harsh, 
they  will  not  after  a  moment.  Mr.  James  does  not  in  any  way  in  his 
article  name  the  man  from  whom  he  has  shamelessly  stolen  all  he 
knows  of  the  Fire-dance — one  of  the  most  modest  but  best  known 
and  most  honored  scientists  in  America.  As  James  got  the  informa- 
tion nowhere  else — and  his  lies  at  home — this  is  enough  to  ticket 
him. 

It  may  be  in  order  to  add,  for  the  benefit  of  such  easy  editors,  that 
ex-Rev.  G.  Wharton  James  was  a  Methodist  minister  at  I^ong  Beach, 
Cal.,  until  degraded  from  the  pulpit,  after  full  trial,  for  unspeakable 
vileness,  and  that  his  life  since  has  not  shown  fruits  meet  for  repent- 
ance. These  and  many  like  facts  explain  the  nature  of  Mr.  Jaines's 
writings.  He  is  a  man  of  considerable  ability  and  much  experience, 
who  could  do  honorable  work  if  the  truth  were  good  enough  for  him. 
But  whatever  he  writes  is  vitiated  by  lies  for  self-glorification.  One 
would  rather  not  handle  so  unsavory  a  subject ;  but  when  it  is  so 
easy  for  Mr.  James  to  bag  editors  and  audiences  which  know  as  little 
of  his  theme  as  of  his  character,  it  seems  time  to  take  the  tongs. 
Possibly  a  tithe  of  the  lies  in  this  one  article  have  been  exposed  ; 
and  Mr.  James  has  left  a  considerable  trail  of  similar  mendacities  in 
articles  in  confiding  magazines  of  about  the  Wide  World  caliber. 
The  statement  in  the  present  fake  that  he  has  been  "studying  In- 
dians nearly  20  years"  is  a  gross  lie  ;  and  so,  I  fancy,  is  the  brag 
that  he  is  now  preparing  "an  important  work  for  the  U.  S.  Govern- 
ment." If  it  should  chance  to  be  true,  however,  it  will  probably 
work  out  for  the  best.  It  seems  to  need  some  such  performance  to 
bring  about  an  upsetting  and  reforming  of  the  Bureau  of  Ethnology. 
Almost  without  exception  the  workers  of  that  great  institution  are 
honorable,  competent  and  worthy  students ;  but  its  managing  poli- 
ticians have  left  much  to  be  desired.  By  joining  forces  with  Mr 
James  they  could  probably  pull  down  upon  their  heads  the  reforms 
which  are  needed.  C.  F.  L,. 

See  Dr.  Matthew's  card  in  the  Lion's  Den.        i 


218 

Honest  and   Dishonest  Reviewees. 

HE  exposition  already  made  of  the  ignorance  and 
dishonesty  of  Rev.  Stephen  D.  Peet,  Ph.  D., 
might  be  presumed  to  be  enough — and  no  one, 
certainly,  would  care  to  pursue  such  themes  a 
moment  longer  than  is  necessary.  But  it  is 
necessary  so  long  as  he  insists  on  more.  He  has 
been  branded  as  a  pretentious  ignoramus,  making 
his  living  by  selling  alleged  information  about 
things  he  never  saw  and  knows  nothing  about 
save  by  guessing  at  the  unassimilated  writings 
of  persons  he  cannot  tell  apart,  does  not  quote  correctly,  and  cannot 
even  spell  the  names  of.  A  conscientious  man  would  feel  at  least 
ashamed  of  what  has  been  proved  on  the  Rev.  Dr.  Peet.  But  he  is 
not  abashed.  On  the  contrary  he  tries  harder  than  ever  to  sell  his 
$4  gold  brick.  # 

Dr.  Peet  still  writes  himself  on  the  cover  of  his  humorous  and 
unspelled  American  Antiquarian  as  Rev.  and  Ph.  D.,  making  the 
most  of  his  ministerial  and  doctorial  titles  to  trap  the  unwary  to  be- 
lieve him.  In  the  current  number  he  advertises  :  **  The  Editor,  Rey. 
Stephen  D.  Peet,  Ph.  D.,  is  an  Oriental  Scholar  as  well  as  an  Amer- 
icanist, and  is  qualified  to  edit  a  journal  which  takes  in  lands  of  the 
East  as  well  as  different  parts  of  our  own  land."  It  also  **  takes  in" 
any  who  subscribe  for  it.     Peet,  a  scholar  !     Peet,  an  Americanist ! 

In  the  same  number  Dr.  Peet's  editorial  seems  desirous  to  prove 
that  he  can  go  a  step  beyond  ignorant  mendacity.  After  reciting 
the  deplorable  fact  that  several  papers,  which  should  have  been  in 
better  business  {vide  p.  423,  Dec,  1900,  this  magazine),  hare  praised 
his  unspeakable  book,  Dr.  Peet  adds  in  the  noble  English  so  charac- 
teristic of  him  : 

**  There,  however,  appeared  a  criticism  of  the  book  in  the  Nation ^ 
of  Sept.  20,  1900,  written  by  an  anonymous  writer,  which  occupied 
three  columns,  and  which  dwelt  only  upon  the  form,  of  the  book  and 
said  nothing  of  its  contents.^'' 

The  italics  are  mine.  I  have  read  the  Nation  for  many  years, 
with  great  profit,  and  never  yet  saw  in  it  a  review  which  was  not 
"anonymous."  Dr.  Peet  is  evidently  as  ignorant  of  the  procedure 
of  the  foremost  review  in  America  as  he  is  of  history.  Apparently 
he  never  heard  of  the  Nation  until  it  added  to  its  many  public  ser- 
vices the  puncturing  of  his  impudent  pretense.  But  this  is  imma- 
terial. The  point  is  that  the  above  italicized  words  are  a  direct 
falsehood.  The  Nation  review  is  pasted  in  the  front  of  my  copy  of 
Peet  as  the  most  adequate  I  have  seen  ;  and  I  am  competently  in- 
formed that  it  is  similarly  pasted  into  many  other  copies.  Doubtless 
Dr.  Peet  has  a  copy  of  it  himself  ;  at  any  rate  he  has  read  it.  So  this 
falsehood  is  wanton.  So  far  from  "saying  nothing  about  the  con- 
tents of  the  book^"  it  says  very  distinctly  that  the  contents  are  as 
bad  as  the  "  form."  It  not  only  shows  (as  his  personal  letters  show) 
that  he  cannot  spell  even  the  names  of  the  men  from  whom  he  has 
uncle verly  rehashed  his  book,  but  that  he  is  even  more  ignorant  of 
history  and  geography  than  of  spelling.  It  crucifies  him  as  an  ig- 
noramus in  the  record  and  in  the  fact ;  and  winds  up  by  saying: 

*'  After  thus  much,  which  is  little,  it  is  perhaps  almost  gratuitous 
to  add  that  the  volume  is  a  solemn  indigestion  of  many  and  undis- 
criminated writings."  And  so  on.  No  book  ever  had  its  contents 
more  mercilessly — nor  more  justly — damned.  And  then  the  wise  and 
truthful  author  pretends  that  "  nothing  was  said." 


HONEST   AND    DISHONEST   REVIEWEES.  219 

From  this  apparently  intentional  falsehood,  Rev.  Dr.  Peet  de- 
scends to  humor.  He  accuses  poor  me  of  writing-  the  Nation  review. 
He  is  not  brave  enough  to  charg-e  it  directly,  nor  honest  enough  to 
say  that  he  knows  nothing-  about  the  facts,  and  has  no  evidence 
whatever,  nor  to  state  that  he  had  previously  accused  several  other 
persons  of  the  identical  crime.  As  they  have  denied,  one  by  one,  he 
has  moved  on. 

His  game  of  discovery  by  elimination  is  too  clumsy  to  be  amusing- 
— and  here  it  is  blocked.  I  would  not  deny  anything-  to  a  swindler. 
If  Dr.  Peet  likes  to  flatter  me,  I  can  stand  flattery.  The  Nation  is  an 
honorable  place  to  be  in  ;  the  Nation  review  of  Peet  was  expert  and 
true  ;  I  would  be  proud  to  write  it.  And  I  would  as  readily  say  all 
this  if  I  had  written  it.  Truth  is  truth,  whosoever  speaks  it ;  and 
that  review  is  the  first  detailed  truth  I  have  ever  seen  in  print  con- 
cerning- a  venerable  fakir  who  has  been  imposing-  on  innocent  pur- 
chasers for  about  twenty-three  years,  and  has  made  his  living-  at  it. 
Until  some  better-entitled  claimant  arises,  then,  or  the  Nation  objects, 
or  until  the  American  Buncoquarian  has  a  new  suspicion — let  me 
carry  the  onus  of  being  first  to  expose  him  as  a  fraud. 


How  different  men  are  I  Or,  rather,  how  different  men  are  from 
— other  things.  At  the  same  time  that  this  modest  magazine  exposed 
the  unmitigated  Peet,  it  severely  criticised  Mr.  Warren  K.  Moore- 
head's  latest  work.  Dr.  Peet  has  tried  very  hard  to  fetch  Mr. 
Moorehead  into  his  category — but  mistook  his  natural  history.  For 
Mr.  Moorehead  chances  to  be  a  man.  He  was  human  enough  to  be 
sore,  but  man  enough  to  care  more  for  the  truth  than  for  his  vanity 
or  his  money.  The  correspondence  I  have  since  had  with  him  is 
manly — wherein  he  is  unlike  Dr.  Peet.  He  was  very  sick  when  the 
book  was  printing,  and  is  very  sorry  since.  He  is  sorry  enough  to 
make  a  new  edition,  eliminating,  so  far  as  he  can,  the  blunders  of 
the  first.  That  is  the  difference  between  a  student  and  a — Peet. 
Mr.  Moorehead's  book  was  careless  and  hurried,  but  not  impudent. 
It  had  no  resemblance  to  Peet's.  It  was  not  a  swindle,  and  its  author 
is  not  a  shameless  pretender. 

*^* 

A  last  humor  of  the  case  is  that  Dr.  Peet — who  for  some  five 
months  has  been  gnashing  his  teeth  over  the  iniquities  of  '*  anony- 
mous "  reviewing — prints  a  few  pages  later  in  this  same  number,  an 
anonymous  review  of  Mr.  Moorehead's  book  !  For  a  wonder  the 
name  is  spelled  straight — it  was  "Moorhead"  in  Dr.  Peet's  valued 
volume.  But  Mr.  Moorehead  will  not  thank  this  anonymous  "re- 
viewer" for  using  him  as  a  stool-pigeon  to  work  off  a  personal 
grudge.  The  review  is  inexpert  and  ignorant  ;  pretending  to  be  au- 
thoritative, it  is  therefore  also  mendacious.  It  knows  as  little  as  it 
little  cares  about  Mr.  Moorehead ;  but  it  sees  in  him  an  excuse  to 
abuse  someone  who  has  criticised  both.  And  Mr.  Moorehead  gives 
him  the  lie  direct  by  going  at  a  new  edition. 

"  Has  it  come  to  that  pass,"  cries  Dr.  Peet,"  "  that  common  sense 
cannot  be  exercised  in  reading  a  book,  and  common  honesty  and 
civility  are  not  to  be  observed  in  reviewing  it  ?  "  No.  But  it  has 
come  to  a  pass  where  these  qualities  are  going  to  be  observed.  Ejven 
unto  the  "civility" — but  the  civility  will  be  toward  the  Truth,  and 
not  toward  the  impudent  peddler.  As  to  honesty  of  any  sort,  '*  com- 
mon "  or  rare,  the  man  is  no  judge  who  still  tries  to  sell  the  book 
whose  incomparable  dishonesty  has  been  so  fully  exposed  that  even 
he  must  realize  it.  C.  F.  L<. 


220 

'  The  CLIFF-DWELLER  Expedition. 

•^J#R.  WARREN  K.  MOOREHEAD  sends  a  formal  denial  that 
tfguyj  his  Illustrated  American  Expedition  was  "unscientific.'* 
^^  •  It  is  much  too  long  for  these  crowded  pages  ;  but  the 
gist  of  it  is  equitably,  I  think,  presented  herewith ;  and  gladly, 
since  I  have  no  desire  to  be  unjust. 

'*  The  difficulties  of  the  expedition  have  never  before  been  made 
public,"  says  Mr.  Moorehead.  '*  Ten  years  ago  the  Illustrated 
American  was  trying  to  establish  a  high-class  weekly  magazine.  It 
spent  thousands  of  dollars  on  every  issue.  Why  it  failed,  no  one 
knows.     It  is  said  to  have  sunk  over  half  a  million  dollars. 

*'  The  manager,  Mr.  Minton,  sent  for  me  in  February,  1892.  I  had 
represented  his  journal  at  Pine  Ridge  during  the  Ghost  Dance 
troubles  (Nov.-Dec, '90).  He  outlined  the  Cliff-Dweller  Expedition, 
gave  me  power  to  procure  equipment  and  men,  and  ordered  me  to 
leave  New  York  in  three  days.  He  had  been  trained  under  the 
younger  Bennett  on  the  Herald  and  had  his  abrupt  manner.  He 
would  not  see  me  again  save  to  say  good-by,  and  when  I  called  to 
ask  for  advice  on  the  second  day,  he  wished  to  know,  in  very  forcible 
language,  why  I  was  not  ready  to  depart.  There  was  no  intimation 
of  "hard  times"  at  this  date. 

"  Our  party  met  at  St.  I^ouis.  There  were  seven  of  us  from  the 
East,  five  being  college  men.  Stopping  at  Durango,  we  procured 
such  outfit  as  had  not  been  brought  from  New  York,  hired  guides 
and  helpers,  cook,  packer,  teamster,  etc.  We  had  two  wagons  and 
nineteen  head  of  stock.  We  established  permanent  camps  at  such 
points  as  the  wagons  could  conveniently  reach  and  worked  the  sur- 
rounding ruins  by  detached  parties  of  three  or  five  men. 

*•  With  the  exception  of  Cushing's,  Holmes's  and  Pepper's,  no 
survey  ever  entered  the  Colorado  Canon  country  better  equipped. 
Our  expenses  were  over  $2000  per  month,  yet  no  man  in  the  party 
drew  a  large  salary.  We  had  a  graduate  surveyor,  a  geologist,  a 
naturalist,  a  stenographer,  an  artist,  a  clerk,  etc. 

**  In  April,  1892,  we  were  west  of  Bluff,  Utah.  The  country  was 
very  desolate,  and  out  of  the  San  Juan  Valley  there  were  no  settle- 
ments. The  Illustrated  American  wired  me  at  Durango,  and  a  mes- 
senger brought  the  telegram  some  150  miles  overland.  Our  employ- 
ers had  failed,  the  remittance  requested  ($500)  could  not  be  sent,  and 
we  were  left  to  shift  for  ourselves.  I  went  to  Durango,  wired  to  my 
business  interests  and  raised  over  $2500  cash.  I  returned  to  the  ex- 
pedition (which  had  meantime  continued  explorations)  and  continued 
the  work  until  well  into  June. 

"The  results  of  the  expedition  were  :  numerous  boxes  of  archaeo- 
logic  material,  hundreds  of  photographs  and  drawings,  many  com- 
plete surveys  and  ground  plans,  hundreds  of  pages  of  typewritten 
notes.  Some  of  the  ruins  we  examined  had  been  measured  by  per- 
sons not  surveyors.  I  have  seen  their  hasty  observations  reported  in 
various  publications.  None  of  these  "  expeditions "  had  half  our 
equipment,  nor  did  they  take  much  pains  to  be  accurate  or  thorough. 

"This  material  was  destroyed  in  the  fire  of  '94  when  the  Illustrated 
American  was  burned  out.  Some  of  the  specimens  had  been  sent  to 
Department  of  Anthropology,  World's  Columbian  Exposition.  Little 
interest  was  manifested  by  the  readers  of  the  weekly  in  our  discov- 
eries, and  Minton  reproduced  only  twenty  of  our  articles.  The  photo- 
graphs and  drawings,  plans,  etc.,  he  would  never  give  me.  I  brought 
suit  upon  my  return  East,  and  recovered  a  part  of  the  money  due  me. 


THE    CLIFF-DWELLER    EXPEDITION.  221 

**  Mr.  lyummis  is  in  error  when  he  says  that  *  Moorehead  conducted 
a  radically  unscientific  EJxpedition  to  the  Southwest.'  I  deny  that 
in  toto.  Mr.  lyummis  knows  that  the  ruins  are  interesting-  to  all  in- 
telligent persons.  But  no  man  knows  better  than  Mr.  L/ummis  that 
men  of  unscientific  \>ent  do  not  survey,  map,  dig-,  draw  and  photo- 
graph. Neither  do  they  camp  for  days  in  isolated  spots,  nor  do  they 
cross  deserts,  endure  thirst  and  fatigue,  suffer  from  alkali,  dust,  heat, 
poor  food,  and  the  score  of  hardships  attendant  upon  exploration  in 
the  Canon  country. 

"  The  Editor  of  the  IvAND  of  Sunshins  seldom  makes  mistakes. 
But  occasionally,  like  the  rest  of  us,  he  falls  from  grace.  In  his  re- 
marks about  the  Illustrated  American  Expedition  he  is  swayed  by 
his  love  of  a  '  roast ' — dear  to  Mr.  Lummis's  heart — and  he  sets  up  a 
man  of  straw. 

"  We  all  admire  the  courage  of  the  Lion,  and  a  few  of  us  may  dare 
approach  his  Den ;  but  it  sometimes  happens  that  his  repeated 
Roar  serves  to  guide  the  Hunter,  and  in  that  event  neither  his  teeth 
nor  his  claws  can  prevail  against  the  Rifle. ''^ 

Saranac  Lake,  N.  Y. 

The  misunderstanding  with  Mr.  Moorehead  seems  mostly  a  matter 
of  definition.  He  uses  "science"  somewhat  "as  she  is  spoke" — and  as 
she  is  not  meant  to  be  spoke  in  these  pages.  "  Scientist"  is  reserved 
here,  not  for  those  who  besiege  scientific  subjects,  but  for  the  very 
few  who  can  administer  the  province  after  they  have  captured  it.  If 
Mr.  Moorehead  had  realized  how  stingily  the  word  is  used  here,  he  is 
too  modest  and  too  honest  to  complain  that  he  is  not  included.  There 
are  hundreds  of  earnest  and  worthy  students  of  archseology  and  eth- 
nology in  the  United  States  ;  but  there  are  not  over  six  scientists  in 
both  lines.  And  neither  Mr.  Moorehead  nor  I  can  hope  to  swell  the 
number.     We  are  merely  students,  more  or  less. 

The  Illustrated  Atnef'ican  was  not  a  scientific  paper — even  in  paper 
science.  It  did  not  succeed — and  I  think  I  know  several  reasons  why. 
Nor  did  it  ever  do,  nor  ever  wish  to  do,  anything  I  would  call  scien- 
tific. Its  Cliff-Dweller  Expedition  was  as  much  science  as  a  recent 
"  Life  of  the  Master"  is  religion.  Archaeology  and  the  Man  of  Naz- 
areth respectively  were  "put  up  for  money."  This  is  no  discredit  to 
Mr.  Moorehead.  He  knew,  I  venture  to  say,  that  the  able  Mr.  Min- 
ton  neither  knew  nor  cared  for  science  ;  and  he  gave  the  paper  honest 
money's  worth  on  its  basis.  Probably  more  ;  for  Mr.  Moorehead 
cared  for  his  theme,  and  made  his  "story"  too  good  for  his  employer. 
Without  any  charge  against  Mr.  Moorehead,  I  said  he  "conducted  a 
radically  unscientific  expedition."  In  other  words,  he  conducted  an 
expedition  for  the  Illustrated  Aynerican. 

Big  equipment  does  not  make  an  expedition  scientific.  I  would  not 
say  that  it  makes  science  impossible  ;  but  as  a  matter  of  fact  and  ex- 
perience, the  thing-  has  so  been  coincident.  Gushing,  alone,  suffer- 
ing, starving,  studying,  was  a  scientist ;  after  he  got  an  "expedition" 
he  was  a  ruined  man.  He  never  was  a  scientist  again.  There  have 
been  good  expeditions  ;  but  I  have  never  known  in  America  an  elabor- 
ate one  which  did  work  of  the  very  highest  order.  The  explanation 
is  simple.  The  men  who  have,  on  the  top  of  the  documentary  train- 
ing-, the  proper  field  experience,  need  no  sensational  outfit.  They 
have  learned  that  they  can  do  the  headwork  and  hire  cheap  labor  in 
situ  to  do  the  manual  part.  Dr.  Washington  Matthews,  dean  of  all 
our  American  ethnologists,  neyer  needed  "expeditions."  As  simple 
post  surgeon  on  the  frontier  he  learned  and  proved  more  of  reliable 
ethnology  than  any  other  one  man  ever  learned  of  any  American 
tribe.  Dr.  Elliott  Coues,  foremost  of  all  our  documentary  editors  of 
the  West,  needed  no  ornate  outfits.     And  Bandelier,  who  has  meas- 


222  LAND    OF   SUNSHINE. 

ured  ten  times  as  many  ruins  as  any  other  American  scientist,  and 
far  more  accurately,  and  has  the  incomparable  ground  plans  to  show 
for  it— why,  he  used  to  go  absolutely  alone,  on  foot,  carrying-  his  in- 
struments and  outfit  on  his  back.  No  wagons  and  no  pack-train  for 
him.  I  remember,  in  the  youth  of  our  acquaintance,  forcing  him  to 
take  my  pet  horse  for  a  thirty-mile  trip,  and  how  he  got  tired  and 
sent  back  the  horse  by  a  Mexican  he  met  two  miles  out,  and  walked 
on  relieved.  And  in  the  years  we  used  to  get  about  together — for  my 
camera  was  scientific — I  have  seen  him  do  more  hard  work  in  a  day, 
as  well  as  more  scientific  work — than  I  ever  saw  an  expedition  of 
younger  men  do  in  those  lines.  Alone  and  afoot  he  ransacked  all  the 
Southwest  and  Mexico.  In  Peru  and  Bolivia — where  he  has  done 
more  for  archaeology  than  all  his  predecessors — his  ''expedition"  con- 
sisted of  himself  and  his  heroic  wife  (and,  for  a  time,  of  me).  In 
dangers  and  hardships  as  much  greater  than  any  that  are  in  the  Colo- 
rado plateau  as  that  is  more  difficult  than  the  Waldorf-Astoria  (and  I 
can  say  this,  knowing  both  countries  intimately),  these  two  devoted 
people  have  done  more  for  science  than  all  the  newspaper  explorers 
that  ever  sallied  in  cotton-batting.  And,  as  those  know  who  know 
the  South  American  collections  of  the  American  Museum  of  Natural 
History — unparalleled  in  the  world — thej'  have  made  more  (and  more 
valuable)  collections.  For  the  scientific  weight  of  an  exploration  de- 
pends not  upon  its  wagons  and  nineteen  pack-animals,  nor  its  $2,000 
a  month,  but  upon  the  mental  equipment  of  it. 

Nor  is  it  a  test  of  science  to  be  willing  to  endure  hardships  for  the 
sake  of  ruins  "interesting  to  every  intelligent  person."  I  have 
known  many  people  to  do  it  to  whom  nothing  short  of  heaven's  best 
effort  could  even  translate  the  word  "science."  For  that  matter,  my 
eight-year-old  girl  has  accompanied  me  in  quite  as  hard  experiences  as 
any  I  was  able  to  find  in  the  country  of  the  Illustrated  American  expe- 
dition— and  enjoyed  them,  and  never  complained.  She  is  not  a  scien- 
tist, and  our  journeys  were  not  scientific  ;  but  both  of  us  chance  to  like 
ruins  and  the  wilderness. 

The  Lion  emphatically  does  not  "  love  a  roast."  Not  even  those 
who  are  done  to  a  turn  for  unfaithful  servants  could  be  so  glad  as  he 
would  be  if  no  one  would  ever  again  require  the  griddle.  If  good 
men  would  never  be  careless,  if  shameless  fakirs  would  no  more  arise 
to  peddle  quack  science,  the  Lion  would  be  more  than  glad  to  turn 
lamb. 

Nor  will  he  use  teeth  or  claws  against  the  italic  Hunter  and  Rifle. 
On  the  contrary,  he  freely  gives  them  a  crack  at  him — a  little  re- 
minded, meantime,  of  an  old  friend  in  New  Mexico  whom  a  young 
gentleman  from  the  East  menaced  with  a  22-calibre  seven-shooter: 
"  Say,  son,"  drawled  Hank,  "ef  yo'  was  to  shoot  that  yer  at  me,  an* 
ef  anyone  come  an'  told  me  that  I  was  hit,  I  might  git  vexed." 

C.  F.  L. 


223 


Digger  Indian  Legends. 


BY   L.    M,     BURNS. 


II. 


HERB  is  sometimes  found  under  the  skin  of 
the  deer's  neck  a  hard  ball  an  inch  or  so 
throug-h.  This  lump  is  highly  prized  by 
the  Indian  hunter  who  is  fortunate  enough 
to  kill  deer  bearing-  one.  He  carries  it  on 
his  person  or  in  his  gfun,  in  the  belief  that 
it  attracts  the  deer  to  his  path.  Henry, 
the  husband  of  my  chief  informant,  car- 
ried one  for  years,  and  it  was  certain  that 
he  never  lacked  for  game  I 

In  the  days  when  the  beasts  walked  upright  and  there 
were  no  men,  there  was  only  one  deer-ball  in  the  world.  It 
was  a  foot  thick.  It  had  been  stolen  from  the  deer,  and 
was  in  the  possession  of  the  Lion  and  his  wife,  the  Wild- 
cat, and  the  Coyote.  They  all  lived  peacefully  together  in 
one  hut,  and  never  wanted  for  game.  All  they  had 
to  do  for  dinner  was  to  hold  the  ball  through  the  smoke 
flue  at  the  top  of  the  hut,  and  the  deer,  frantic  to  get 
it,  would  leap  for  it,  only  to  fall  throug-h  the  hole  into  the 
clutches  of  the  beasts  below.  The  Lion  always  held  the 
ball,  and  his  wrists  were  so  strong-  that  the  big-gest  buck 
could  not  strike  them  aside. 

By  simply  holding-  up  the  ball  the  beasts  could  get  three, 
fovir,  five  or  six  deer  at  a  time — as  many  as  they  wanted. 
They  had  killed  so  many  that  the  hut  was  made  com- 
pletely of  deer  skins,  the  poles  were  bound  together  with 
deer  sinews,  and  the  walls  were  hung  with  dried  meat 
which  they  had  stored  up  against  a  famine. 

After  awhile  they  tired  of  g-etting  game  so  easily.  So 
one  day  they  took  down  the  bows  with  their  strings  of  deer 
sinew,  and  went  out  to  hunt.  The  Lion's  wife  was  left  alone 
to  guard  the  deer-ball.  After  Quatuk,  the  Coyote,  had 
g-one  a  little  ways  he  pretended  he  was  tired  and  stopped  to 
rest.  When  the  others  were  out  of  sight  he  sneaked  back 
to  the  hut. 

"Now  is  my  chance,"  he  thought.  He  had  always  been, 
jealous  because  the  Lion  was  the  only  one  allowed  to  hold 
the  deer  ball. 

He  slipped  in  so  quietly  that  the  Lion's  wife  did  not  hear 
him.  The  deer-ball  was  lying-  by  the  fire.  He  snatched 
it  up  and  sprang-  for  the  roof. 

"Give  it  here  I"  pleaded  the  Lion's  wife.  Quatuk 
laug-hed  softly. 


224  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

*'  You'll  get  your  wrist  broken  !"  she  cried. 

*'You  needn't  think  the  Lion  is  the  only  one  that  has 
strong-  wrists,"  he  said  boastingly. 

"  You'll  lose  the  ball  !     Oh,  give  it  to  me  !  " 

But  already  he  had  it  through  the  smoke  hole.  An  in- 
stant later  he  fell  back  with  a  broken  wrist.  A  little  fawn 
had  leapt  for  the  ball,  caught  it,  and  run  away. 

Now  that  the  magic  ball  was  again  in  the  possession 
of  the  deer,  strange  things  happened.  The  hut  fell 
down.  The  deer  hides  from  the  walls  sprang  up  and  ran 
away.  The  dried  meat  followed.  Even  the  sinews  that 
had  bound  the  poles  came  to  life  and  leapt  away  after  the 
hides  and  meat.  Out  in  the  forest  the  sinews  jumped  off 
the  bows  of  the  hunters,  and  whisked  out  of  sight  through 
the  trees.  By  that  the  Lion  and  the  Wildcat  knew  that 
the  deer-ball  had  been  betrayed  into  the  keeping  of  the 
deer,  and  they  came  home,  fierce  for  the  life  of  Quatuk. 
But  the  Lion's  wife  was  alone,  moaning  beside  the  broken 
poles  of  the  hut.  Quatuk  did  not  come  back  till  fast- 
ing had  stolen  the  fury  from  their  blood,  and  made  them 
helpless  to  kill  him. 

It  was  a  terrible  time.  The  Lion's  wife  dug  huska,  the 
ground  nut,  with  a  stick,  and  boiled  weeds  till  she  was  too 
thin  to  work.  Then  she  lay  down  and  moaned  The  Lion 
gathered  roots  and  chewed  them  till  he  was  nothing  but 
skin  and  bones.  Then  Quatuk  came  back.  The  animals 
were  famished  and  did  not  speak  to  him.  Only  he  and 
Itchii,  the  Wildcat,  were  able  to  move  around. 

Itchii  looked  at  his  dying  friends  and  his  strength  came 
back  to  him. 

"  I  will  go  hunt  the  deer-ball,"  he  said. 

*'And  I,"  said  Quatuk,  feebly,  '*  will  help  you."  But  no 
one  noticed  him. 

Itchii,  the  Wildcat,  went  away,  traveling  in  the  tree  tops, 
and  the  Lion's  wife  sang  his  death  song,  for  she  thought  he 
would  never  come  back.  Quatuk  followed  as  best  he  could 
on  ground.  If  there  was  to  be  vension  after  awhile,  he 
wanted  to  be  on  hand  for  the  first  helping. 

But  it  was  hard  to  keep  up,  for  the  trees  were  very  high, 
and  often  he  did  not  see  Itchii  for  days  at  a  time.  For  a 
whole  moon  he  followed  him,  and  then  a  great  fog  settled 
over  the  land,  and  Quatuk  could  not  see  an  arm's  length 
before  him.     So  he  lay  down  and  waited. 

Itchii  in  the  tree  tops  moved  on  slowly,  till  he  came  to 
where  there  were  no  more  trees  except  a  great  pine  stand- 
ing in  the  midst  of  a  plain.  The  fog  parted,  and  around 
the  tree  all  the  deer  were  lying.  On  the  outside  the  big 
bucks  lay  in  a  great  circle,  with  their  antlers  touching. 


DIGGER    INDIAN    LEGENDS.  225 

Next  were  the  does,  and  on  the  inside  of  all  were  the  fawns 
playing  with  the  deer  ball. 

Itchii  swung-  himself  out  and  lit  on  top  of  the  pine  tree. 
And  none  of  the  deer  saw  him  for  the  fog. 

The  little  fawns  were  playing  "  ante-over"  with  the  ball 
across  the  pine  tree.  Itchii  laughed  to  himself  in  his  hid- 
ing place  above  the  boughs. 

The  next  time  the  ball  came  up  he  caught  it,  held  it  a 
moment,  and  then  let  it  drop,  laughing  softly  to  himself 
all  the  time. 

"  How  far  I  threw  that  ball !  "  cried  the  fawn  that  had 
thrown  it  last, 

"  I  can  beat  you,"  said  the  one  that  caught  it.  And  then 
he  threw  it  hard  into  the  air. 

Itchii  caught  it,  held  it  a  little  longer  than  before,  and 
then  dropped  it,  laughing  softly  to  himself. 

"See  that,"  cried  the  last  fawn  proudly.  "  You  can't 
beat  that." 

Back  came  the  ball.  Itchii  held  it  a  full  minute,  and 
then  let  it  fall. 

"  Looks  to  me  as  if  Itchii  has  had  that  ball,"  said  a  little 
spotted  fawn  with  its  head  on  one  side.  "  See  those 
marks  ?  " 

"Nonsense,"  laughed  the  rest.     "Itchii's  dead." 

Again  the  ball  came  up,  and  Itchii  held  it  and  dropped 
it  as  before. 

"  Looks  like  the  finger-marks  of  Itchii,"  said  the  spotted 
fawn  with  its  head  on  the  other  side. 

"When  you  lose  your  spots  you'll  get  a  little  sense," 
sneered  the  rest.     "  Itchii's  dead  long  ago." 

"  Smells  to  me  like  Itchii,"  he  said  next  time.  "Better 
not  throw  it  again. 

"  Kee-ock  !  "  said  the  big  fawn.     "  Stop  your  noise  I  " 

"  If  Itchii  had  it  do  you  suppose  he'd  throw  it  down  ?  " 
said  the  one  who  held  the  ball.  ' '  It's  because  I  throw  it 
so  far.     Just  look  there  I  " 

He  tossed  it  up  into  the  air,  and  Itchii  sprang  to  meet  it. 
He  caught  it  in  his  hands  and  leapt  on  to  the  next  tree. 

"Just  see  how  far  I  threw  it  I  "  cried  the  fawn  exultingly. 
"  It  isn't  down  yet  I  " 

Then  the  Wildcat  laughed  so  loud  that  the  deer  all  heard 
him.     "Tse!  Tse  !  Tsel" 

All  the  bucks  leaped  up  and  followed  him,  with  the  does 
and  fawns  close  behind.  They  sprang  with  their  sharp 
hoofs  against  the  tree  he  was  in  and  cut  it  down.  He 
bounded  on  to  the  next  and  they  cut  it  down.  At  last  he 
sprang  into  a  hickory  tree  and  laughed  down  at  them. 

"Tsel    Tsel    Tsel" 


226  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

They  struck  at  the  trunk  ag-ain  and  again  with  their 
hoofs,  but  the  stout  bark  yielded  not  a  fiber.  They  struck 
until  their  hoofs  were  worn  down  to  the  quick,  and  still 
the  tough  tree  stood  unmarred,  and  Itchii  laughed  down  at 
them  from  its  branches. 

"Tse!   Tse!    Tse!' 

The  night  came  on,  and  the  fawns  dropped  down  to  rest, 
and  then  the  does  in  a  circle  around  them,  and  last  of  all 
the  bucks,  with  their  horns  touching.  And  all  were  so 
weary  that  not  one  was  left  to  guard. 

Itchii  waited  a  little,  and  then  crept  down  the  tree, 
laughing  to  himself.  He  passed  out  from  among  the  scat- 
tered forms  that  lay  asleep  at  the  foot  of  the  tree,  and 
stepped  upon  the  horns  of  the  nearest  buck. 

'  Tse  I  Tse  !  Tse  !  "  he  laughed,  and  stepped  onto  the 
horns  of  the  next,  and  laughed  again,  "  Tse  !  Tse  I  Tse  !" 
He  walked  around  the  entire  circle,  stepping  softly  and 
laughing  all  the  time.  Then  he  cleared  the  circle  with  a 
long-  leap,  and  came  face  to  face  with  Quatuk.  Quatuk 
was  about  to  devour  a  fawn  he  had  captured  while  it  slept. 

Itchii  fell  upon  him  and  choked  him  till  he  was  glad  to 
escape  with  his  life.  Then  he  tore  the  fawn  into  a  thou- 
sand pieces,  and  scattered  them  like  seed  all  over  the  earth. 
From  the  pieces  sprang  a  new  race  of  deer,  a  few  of  them 
bearing"  a  fragment  of  the  original  deer-ball  in  their  necks. 
It  is  to  this  stock  that  the  present  deer  belong. 

His  work  accomplished,  Itchii  hastened  back  to  his 
friends  with  his  treasure  under  his  arm,  and  with  them  he 
lived  for  the  rest  of  his  life  in  peace  and  plenty. 

San  Jo.s6,  Cal.  [^q   g^   CONTINUED.] 


In  the  Garden. 

BY  ELLA    M.    SBXTON 

Soft,  soft,  tni  querida^  the  mandolin's  measures 
"    Throb  through  the  shadows  that  veil 
Thine  eyes  from  thy  lover,  yet  grant  him  the  token 
Too  timid,  tni  abna^  too  faint  to  be  spoken, 
That  love  o'er  thy  heart  shall  prevail. 

Sway  yonder  the  dancers  and  lig-htly,  Anita. 

Ay,  but  the  lightest  of  all. 
Is  safe,  vti  queriday  aside  with  her  lover. 
Ah,  flutterer,  stay  there  !  no  eye  shall  discover, 

So  thickly  the  jasmine  boughs  fall. 

What  wonders  of  odors  their  wax  blooms  are  shedding ! 

Thou,  dear,  my  rose  of  delight, 
More  sweet  than  the  jasmine,  Anita,  and  folding 
Thee  closer,  thy  soft  lips  are  mine,  and  life's  holding 

No  bliss  like  thy  lover's  tonight. 
San  Francisco. 


227 


^'  Early   Western   History. 

BENAVIDES'S    MEMORIAL.     1630. 

Translated  by  Mrs.  Edward  E.  Ayer^  annotated  by  F.  W.  Hodge, 
edited,  with  notes,  by  Chas.  F.  Lurnmis. 


SIBOI^A.      (57) 

SAIvLYING,  then,  from  the  last  pueblo  of  this  valley  of  Senora, 
to  the  same  North,  by  the  same  coast  of  the  sea  of  the  South, 
[after]  forty  or  fifty  leag-ues  is  the  Province  of  Sibola.  And  so, 
likewise,  the  principal  city  is  called.-  The  which  has  in  its 
territory  Yco^narcd\  other  seven  cities.  The  first  must  be  [sera] 
of  a  thousand  houses,  and  the  others  of  much  more.  They  are  of 
stone  and  timber,  and  of  three  and  four  stories,  very  sightly. 

TIHUKS. 

HAVING  passed  two  other  days'  journe3^s  in  the  same  direction, 
[one]  runs  ag-ainst  [topase]  the  Province  of  Tihues*,  which 
has  very  greatly  the  advantage  of  the  foregoing  [passada: 
i.  e.,  Sibola]  in  beauty  and  strength  [fortaleza]  of  edifices. 
The  first  city,  going  from  Sibola,  which  must  be  the  princi- 
pal [city]  of  this  Kingdom,  is  called  Tihues.  It  has  four  thousand 
houses  and  more,  all  very  great,  in  [each  of]  which  lived  from  ten  to 
fifteen  inhabitants  \_vezinos}.^  Very  high  corridors  and  terraces  and 
very  high  towers.  All  this  city  communicates  by  the  flat  roofs 
{az ideas']  and  terraces  for  passages  {passadizos].X  It  was  situated  in 
a  plain  on  the  banks  of  a  river  ;  surrounded  by  walls  of  stone  without 
lime  [mortar]  but  with  gypsum  [yeso].  And  so  the  Spaniards  were 
startled  [quedauan  espantados]  by  its  beauty. 

CITY.     (58) 

ANOTHIiR  city  is  half  a  league§  from  this  one  of  Tihues,  also 
on  the  bank  of  the  river.  [It  is]  of  three  thousand  houses, 
where  the  King  keeps  his  wives  Sjnugeres],  a  city  very  beau- 
titul  and  strong,  [built]  in  a  square,  whose  houses  are  of 
stone.  It  has  three  plazas  [public  squares]  |  and  the  smallest 
is  of  two  hundred  paces  in  width  and  as  many  more  \ot7'os  tantos]  in 
length.  From  these  plazas  one  sallies  by  streets  so  narrow  that  hardly 
is  there  room  for  [caben]  two  on  horseback.  All  the  houses  have 
their  corridors  to  the  plaza,  like  those  of  New  Mexico,  (58)  and  their 
estufas,1I  on  the  [plazas],  for  the  winter.  And  of  these  [estufas]  there 
are  more  than  twenty,  very  great  ones  ;  which  well  argues  the  much 
people  that  are  there.  Along  the  same  bank  of  this  river,  at  half  a 
league,  and  at  two,  at  three  and  at  four  [leagues]  are  more  than 
twenty  other  settlements  [poblaciones]  like  this  one,  [some]  more  and 
[some]  less  strong.     And  along  a  distance  of  sixty*'*  leagues  which 


*  This  was  the  Province  of  Tiguex  of  Coronado,  the  Tioa  country  of  Benavides 
proper,  and  the  territory  of  theTiffuasof  the  present 'time.  (See  p.  284,  Sept.,  Oct., 
and  note  16,  p.  353,  Nov.)  The  "  principal  city"  with  the  vastly  exagrgrerated  number 
of  houses,  was  doubtless  Puarai. 

t  New  York  Public  L,ibrary,  "  families." 

t  N.  Y.  P.  Iv.,  "  the  passing-  people." 

§  Media  legua.    N.  Y.  P.  I,.,  "  a  league  and  a  half  " !     II  N.  Y.  P.  Iv.,  "  places." 

IT  N.  Y.  P.  I/.,  "  and  their  stoves  in  them  for  winter" ! 

**  Sesenta;  doubtless  misprint  for  seiscientas,  600,  which  would  be  no  wilder  than 
Benavides's  own  fig-ures. 


228  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

this  river  runs  unto  the  sea,  it  goes  all  inhabited.*  And  it  is  called 
the  Rio  Bravof  [Fierce  River] ,  and  must  have  [^e?idrd]  a  width  of 
one  shot  of  an  arquebuse. 

MARVEI^OUS   CRAG.      (59) 

SAIylyYING  from  Tihues  toward  the  West— and  not  to  the  North, 
as  thus  far— [at]  a  space  of  two  days'  journey  is  a  city,  the 
strangest  and  strongest  that  there  can  be  [que  deve  de  aucr\  in 
the  world.  The  which  is  of  more  than  two  thousand  houses, 
so  capacious  that  they  said  there  were  in  them  more  than 
seven  thousand  inhabitants  [vezinos]^^  and  they  even  went  so  far  as 
to  say  more  [than  that  number] .  It  is  in  some  great  plains  of  fif- 
teen leagues,  in  the  midst  of  which  is  a  Peiiol  as  high  as  the  tower  of 
the  Church  of  Seville,  which  appears  to  be  more  than  a  thousand 
estados  §  [high] .  On  the  height  of  this  Penol  it  is  all  level  for  the 
space  of  one  league  |,  without  [any]  kind  of  tree  or  hill;  on  the  which 
[level]  is  built  the  city.  [Up]  there,  and  below  in  the  plains,  they 
have  their  plantings  and  cornfields  [sementeras  y  niayzales\  All 
this  Penol,  on  the  outside,  is  chopped-off  cliff  [peiia  tajadd]  so 
smooth  and  upright  \derecha\  that  it  has  no  place  where  to  climb  up, 
except  it  is  one  roadH  [camino]  made  by  hand ;  so  narrow  that 
more  than  one  sole  person  has  not  room  in  it,  and  at  intervals  some 
concavities,  in  order  that  if  two  should  meet  in  the  road,  there  [at 
these  concavities]  they  may  be  able  to  pass.  On  top  [arribd]  they 
have  very  great  cisterns  and  reservoirs  [algides,  for  a] jibes]  of 
water.  By  [reason]  of  which,  it  [the  "city"]  is  inexpugnable,  and 
[it  is]  marvelous  in  everything. 

TUZAYAN.      (60) 

lOLIvOWING  this  same  direction  to  the  "West,  toward  the  coast** 
of  the  sea  of  the  South,  eighty  leagues  from  Tihues,  is  the 
Province  of  Tuzayan,  which  has  as  many  as  [/lastd]  thirty 
pueblos  of  good  houses,  though  not  as  [good  as]  the  afore- 
said. 

CICUYO.      (61) 

TURNING  about  to  the  North,  from  the  city  of  Tihues,  [at] 
three  or  four  days'  journey,  is  a  plain  which  extends  six 
leagues,  all  full  of  tilled  lands  [ladranzas]  among  some  pin- 
eries [pinales]\\  which  yield  marvelous  piiion-nuts ;  and 
other  trees  graceful  and  great.  There  is  reared  a  great  and 
beautiful  city,  called  in  the  tongue  of  that  land  tX  Cycuyo,  on  level 
ground.  Which  must  have  more  than  six  thousand  houses,  very  great 

*  Pod/ado;  i.  e.,  there  arc  settlements  alontr  its  whole  course. 

t  The  river  of  Tiguex  of  Castaneda  and  the  Nnestra  Senora  of  Alvarado  (1540). 
It  later  became  known  as  the  Rio  Grande  (1£82\  its  present  name;  subsequently  as 
the  Guadalquiver  (after  the  stream  in  Spain  on  which  Sevilla  is  situated),  the  Rio 
Bravo  or  Rio  Bravo  del  Norte,  and  more  recently,  as  the  Rio  Grande  del  Norte  and 
Rio  Grande.   The  various  forms  of  the  name  are  too  numerous  to  mention  here.    H. 

t  N.  Y.  P.  I^.,  "  families." 

»  An  estado  was  1.864  yards,  or  5  ft.  7  in.  N.  Y.  P.  L.  does  not  attempt  to  translate 
this. 

II  The  area  of  the  top  is  really  about  70  acres. 

U  There  are,  and  doubtless  were,  several  trails— all  difficult  and  danjrerons.  In  all. 
probability  the  text  refers  to  the  Camino  del  Padre,  so  called  after  Fray  Juan 
Ramirez,  the  '*  Apostle  of  Acoma,"  who  climbed  it  in  1629.  See  Spanish  Pioneers^  p.. 
141.  The  frontispiece  of  this  magazine  last  month  shows  a  part  of  this  wonderful 
trail.  The  upper  flg-ure  is  Geo.  Parker  Winship,  the  historian  of  Coronado's  marches 

**  N.  Y.  P.  L.,  "  OM  the  coast  of  the  South  Sea"— a  new  place  for  Moqui! 

tt  N.  Y.  P.  L.,  **  amid ptttts  -which  btar  wonderful tintapplts" I 

UTitrra.    N.  Y.  P.  I*.,  "city." 


F 


EARLY    WESTERN    HISTORY.  229 

[ones] ,  of  six  and  seven  stories.  It  has  two  circumvallations  [cercas] , 
the  one  ten  paces  away  from  the  other,  of  the  hight  of  two  estados,  * 
[i.  e.,  3.7  yards],  more  than  strong-  enough  for  among  people  who  do 
not  use  artillery.  It  has  its  towers  with  their  capitals  [or,  tops  ; 
chapiteles\^  very  ruddy  \^colorados\  and  sightly.  It  has  three  very 
great  plazas,  and  in  them  many  estufas  ;  and  all  the  houses  with  their 
corridors  to  the  plazas,  and  the  streets  narrow  [so]  that  only  two  on 
horseback  would  be  able  \^podrdn\  to  pass.  It  is  a  city  very  sightly 
and  strong ;  and  so  it  left  our  [people]  startled  \dex6  espantados\ . 

QUIVIRA.      (62) 

FFTIJEN  short  {pequenas\  days'  journey  from  Tihues  toward 
the  West  f  is  the  Kingdom  of  Quivira,  where  are  great  and 
many  settlements  \j)oblacio7ies\  whose  houses  are  of  straw,  as 
in  New  Spain,  because  the  temperature  \teniple\  of  here  is  very 
tempered  \_templado] .  And  this  nation  does  not  make  its  edi- 
fices with  more  showiness  [fausio]  than  they  have  need  for  their 
homely  livelihood  {passadia  llana\.  And  although  we  call  this  the 
sea  of  the  South,  it  is  that  of  the  California,  which  traverses  from 
the  South  to  the  North  until  it  comes  out  at  the  Strait  of  Anian. 

AS  far  as  this  point  arrived  Alonso  %  Vazquez  Coronado  and  his 
people,  with  our  four  Religious  ;  and  not  to  pawn  himself 
{enipenat^se\%  so  much,  and  with  so  few  people  and  so  little 
ammunition  and  provisions,  they  determined  ||  to  return,  being 
informed  that  on  one  bank  \vanda]  and  on  the  other  there 
were  huge  [g-randiosas]  settlements,  and  very  rich.  And  having  left 
sown  there  the  seed  of  the  divine  word,  and  knowledge  of  our  God 
and  L/ord,  as  much  as  [lo  gue]  that  brief  time  gave  room,  they  re- 
turned to  give  information  [noticia]  to  the  Viceroy  of  that  which  they 
had  seen.  And  [that  region]  remained  thus,  until  God  may  be  pleased 
that  its  hour  arrive  and  that  Y  [our]  Majesty  enjoy  [the  profit  of; 
goze]  that  Monarchy  also.  May  it  please  the  Majesty  of  God  to  dis- 
pose it  all  in  [such]  sort  that  all  those  souls  may  know  and  adore  His 
most  holy  name,  and  attain  the  holy  Sacrament  of  Baptism.  And 
unto  Yr.  Majesty,  spirit,  grace  and  might  \_fuerfas],  for  making  sub- 
ject unto  the  Church  ■[[  and  unto  your  Royal  Crown  so  many  barbarous 
nations  as  there  inhabit, 

FRAT  ALONSO  DE  BENAUIDES. 

THIS  is  the  Memorial  which  the  said  padre  Fray  Alonso  de 
Venauedis  \_sic\  has  extracted  and  collected  \_sacado  e  recog- 
tdo],  as  well  from  things  experienced  and  seen  by  him  in 
his  time  as  from  a  legal  brief  \informacion  juridical  and 
other  authentic  narrations  [relaciones^  which  the  padre 
Commissary-General  of  New  Spain  transmitted  to  me.  S^rom  the 
which  Memorial  Yr.  Majesty  will  have  understood  the  great  fruits, 
spiritual  and  temporal,  with  which  God  our  I^ord  hath  willed  to 
requite  the  Catholic  zeal  which  Yr.  Majesty  has  demonstrated  in 
favoring  with  your*  royal  stipends  [estipendios]  those  conversions  ; 
with  so  much  benefit  to  more  than  five  hundred  thousand  souls  by 


*  N.  Y.  P.  L.  does  not  pretend  to  translate. 

t  The  text  is  Octdente,  but  it  is  of  course  a  misprint  for  Oriente,  Quivira  being-  far 
East. 
X  Francisco. 
§  I.  e.,  involve  himself; 

II  Se  determinaron.    N.  Y.  P.  ly.,  "  he  determined." 
IF  N.  Y.  P.  ly.  omits  la  Iglesia  y  a  la. 
**N.  Y.  P.  L.,  "his." 


230  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

[the]  industry  and  solicitude,  and  not  without  the  immense  travail  of 
the  sons*  of  this  seraphic  Order  [I^elig-ion].  The  which  [Franciscans] 
as  well  in  these  conversions  as  in  all  the  rest  in  that  New  World,  in 
the  East  Indies  and  West  [Indies] ,  have  been  the  first  that  so  disin- 
terestedly have  put  their  shoulderf  [to  the  work],  and  given  happy 
and  prosperous  \_feliz  y  dichosd\  beginning-  to  so  g-lorious  enterprises. 
For  so  much,  I  supplicate  Yr.  Majesty  to  deign  to  command  anew 
that  those  conversions  be  favored  with  sending-  to  them,  and  to  all  the 
Provinces  of  my  Order  (the  which  alone  in  all  America  occupies  it- 
self today  in  new  conversions)  Religious  from  those  [Provinces]  of 
Spain — from  whence  they  [the  missions  or  "conversions"]  have  al- 
ways had  their  beginning  and  conservation.  For  the  harvest  is  so 
great  and  copious,  and  the  laborers  over  there  \de  alld]  so  few  that 
no  one  of  those  Provinces  can  provide  them — not  even  [aunque  sea; 
lit.,  although  it  were]  that  [Province]  of  the  Holy  Evangel.  (63) 
For,  granting  that  this  {^Provincia  del  Santo  Evangelio]  may  have  as 
many  [Religious]  as  suffice  it,  if  they  have  to  be  such  as  it  is  well 
should  be  chosen  for  these  Apostolic  Missions,  it  cannot  give  them 
to  the  rest  [of  the  Provinces]  without  itself  remaining  in  notable 
decay  [mengua^  and  [in]  need  of  that  which  so  much  imports  it  for 
its  conservation  in  the  perfection  and  observance  of  its  rules  and  ful- 
fillment of  its  obligations.  And  thus  the  padre  Commissary-General 
of  those  Provinces  writes  me  that  all  are  in  very  urgent  necessity 
that  Yr.  Majesty  provide  them  with  Religious  from  here  [Spain]  to 
cultivate  them  [the  Provinces].  In  order  that  seeing  themselves 
favored  with  such  protection  and  aid  [^dmparo] ,  the  Religious  may 
recover  courage  \^cobren  dnimo]  and  exert  themselves  to  prosecute  and 
carry  forward  the  many  and  advantageous  services  which  they  have 
done  in  those  regions  [partes^  for  both  [your]  Majesties. 
Fray  Iuan  dk  Santander, 

Commissary-General  of  [the]  Indies. 


NOTES  BY  FREDERICK  WEBB  HODGE. 

57.  This  was  the  name  (generally  spelled  "  Cibola,"  possibly  a 
corruption  of  Shiwona,  the  native  name  of  the  tribal  range)  first 
applied  by  the  Spaniards  to  the  group  of  seven  villages  (the  *'  Seven 
Cities  of  Cibola")  occupied  by  the  Zuni  tribe,  in  the  valley  of  the 
Rio  Zuiii,  Western  Central  New  Mexico.  Leaving  Sonora  valley  the 
trend  was  decidedly  northeastward,  Coronado  hitherto  aiming  to 
keep  as  near  to  the  coast  as  possible,  but  finding  himself  farther  and 
and  farther  away  as  he  proceeded  northward  with  his  army.  The 
identity  of  Cibola  and  !^uni  has  so  often  been  indisputably  shown 
that  there  is  no  need  of  dwelling  on  it  here.  See  the  List  of  Works 
accompanying  Winship's  Coronado  Expedition^  and  the  evidence  re- 
peated in  Coronado^ s  March  front  Culiacan  to  Quiviray  before  cited. 
Allowing  60  leagues  for  the  length  of  Sonora  or  Senora  valley,  as 
given  in  the  Me^norialy  the  compiler  would  still  be  50  or  60  leagues 
short  in  his  estimate  from  Soriora  valley  to  Cibola,  as  the  route 
covered  between  Corazones  and  the  latter  point  approximated  150 
leagues,  as  we  have  seen.  The  principal  "city"  of  Cibola,  accord- 
ing to  Coronado,  was  the  most  southwestwardly  one,  which  he  called 
Granada,  but  which  the  natives  knew  as  Hawikuh.  In  the  words  of 
Coronado  (Winship,  p.  558),  "the  Seven  Cities  are  seven  little  villages. 
They  are  all  called  the  Kingdom  of  Cevola,  and  each  has  its  own 
name,  and  no  single  one  is  called  Cevola,  but  all  together  are  called 


•  N.  Y.  P.  L.,  omits  los  hifos  de. 

t  Han  putsto  el  ombro  [for  kombro\,    N.  Y.  P.  L.,  cannot  translate  this,  and  prints  it 

pnesto  elombro." 


EARLY    WESTERN    HISTORY.  231 

Cevola.  This  one  which  I  have  called  a  city  I  have  named  Granada." 
The  impression  that  one  of  the  g-roup  of  pueblos  was  called  Cibola 
was  gained  from  Marcos  of  Nizza,  who  '*  understood,  or  gave  to 
understand,  that  the  region  and  neighborhood  in  which  there  are 
seven  villages  were  a  single  village  which  he  called  Cibola,  but  the 
whole  of  this  settled  region  is  called  Cibola"  Relacion  del  Suceso, 
in  Winship,  p.  673).  This  document  further  states  that  *'  the  villages 
have  from  150  to  200  and  300  houses,"  also  that  "  the  largest  may  have 
about  200  houses  and  two  others  about  200,  and  the  others  somewhere 
between  60  or  50  and  30  houses"  (ibid).  These  statements  show  the 
continued  tendency  of  the  Memorial  to  exaggerate  ;  but  its  reference 
to  the  height  of  the  buildings  agrees  with  the  statements  of  the 
chroniclers.  On  this  point  Castaiieda  says:  '*The  houses  are  ordi- 
narily three  or  four  stories  high,  but  in  the  Macaque  [Matsaki,  near 
the  base  of  Thunder  mountain,  about  3  miles  east  of  Zuni]  there  are 
houses  with  four  and  seven  stories"  (Winship,  517). 

58.  An  overdrawn  account  of  another  Tigua  town  which  is  not 
identifiable.  Compare  the  descriptions  of  Coronado's  province  of 
Tiguex  and  the  conflicting  statements  of  the  number  of  towns  com- 
posing it  in  Winship's  Coronado  Expedition.  This  reference  to  the 
unknown  "city"  is  probably  of  little  or  no  value.  The  number  of 
houses  must  have  been  greatly  exaggerated  as  usual.  It  will  be  ob- 
served that  the  writer  alludes  to  the  similarity  of  the  ''corridors" 
(terraces)  of  the  house  to  those  of  New  Mexico  as  if  he  imagined  that 
his  description  alluded  to  another  region.  The  entire  territory  now 
being  discussed  was  no  other,  of  course,  than  Benavides's  own  mis- 
sionary field,  the  river  so  often  mentioned  being  the  Rio  Grande. 

59.  The  "  Marvelous  Crag"  is  of  course  the  Acoma  peiiol.  See 
note  on  Acoma,  page  358,  Nov.  No.,  and  compare  its  descriptions  by 
Coronado's  narrators  in  Winship,  op.  cit.  Aside  from  the  usual  ex- 
aggeration in  the  number  of  houses  and  the  population,  the  descrip- 
tion is  not  much  overdrawn.  Castaiieda  was  the  first  to  speak  of  the 
cultivation  of  the  summit  of  the  Acoma  mesa  and  to  call  attention  to 
its  interesting  natural  water  supply.  The  height  of  the  peiiol  is  not 
nearly  2000  feet,  as  one  might  imagine  from  the  description,  but  357 
feet :  while  that  of  the  Giralda,  a  bell  tower  which  rises  from  the 
northeastern  corner  of  the  Seville  cathedral,  is  275  feet. 

60.  The  province  of  Tusayan  or  "  Tuzayan"  was,  of  course,  the 
Moqui  or  Hopi  villages  of  the  present  northeastern  Arizona.  There 
is  no  reason  to  suppose  that  the  number  of  towns  in  Benavides's  time 
was  any  greater  than  when  the  province  was  visited  by  Tovar  in  1540. 
They  then  numbered  seven.  See  note  32,  page  441,  December  num- 
ber ;  and  compare  the  original  narratives  in  the  Coronado  Expedi- 
tion (Winship  Ed.). 

61.  Cicuyo,  or  Cycuyo,  is  the  Cicuic,  Cicuique,  and  Cicuye  of  the 
Coronado  narratives,  concerning  which  see  Winship,  op.  cit.  This 
pueblo  was  Pecos.  See  note  24,  page  356,  November  number.  Ban- 
delier  conducted  important  researches  among  the  ruins  of  this  pueblo, 
for  which  consult  Papers  of  the  Archaeological  Institute  of  America, 
American  series,  part  I,  1881,  pages  37-133,  The  Memorial's  refer- 
ence to  the  number  of  houses  is,  as  usual,  exaggerated. 

62.  The  statement  regarding  the  location  of  Quivira  west  of  the 
Rio  Grande  country  of  the  Tiguas  seems  to  be  a  deliberate  misrepre- 
sentation for  the  purpose  of  impressing  the  king  with  the  extent  of 
his  domain  between  the  New  Mexican  settlements  and  the  South  sea, 
or  the  Pacific  ocean.  It  is  impossible  to  believe  that  Benavides 
was  the  author  of  this  portion  of  the  Mem.orial,  since  he  was  per-, 
fectly  familiar  with  the  location  of  the  province  of  Quivira  through, 
the  labors  of  Padre  Salas  and  others,  as  previously  noted.  This  en-^ 
tire  reference  to  Quivira  is  worthless,  and  it  played  havoc  with  tho; 


232  LAND    OF   SUNSHINE. 

maps  prepared  by  the  cartographers  of  the  period  into  whose  hands 
the  Memorial  fell.  Coronado's  name  was  Francisco  Vazquez,  not 
Alonso  Vazquez.  The  '*four"  friars  who  accompanied  him  were 
Marcos  de  Nizza,  the  provincial  of  the  Franciscan  order,  who  acted 
as  Coronado's  g"uide,  but  returned  to  Mexico  from  Cibola  by  reason  of 
threats  from  the  soldiers  on  account  of  his  supposed  false  description 
of  the  country  ;  Juan  de  Padilla,  who,  with  Lucas  and  Sebastian,  lay 
brothers,  remained  in  Quivira  and  was  killed  ;  Juan  de  la  Cruz,  who 
stayed  behind  at  Tig-uex  and  was  killed ;  lyuis  Descalona  (or  de 
Ubeda),  who  established  himself  at  Pecos,  and,  like  Fray  Juan,  was 
murdered  by  the  natives.  Fray  Antonio  Victoria,  who  broke  his  leg" 
en  route  from  Culiacan  seems  to  have  remained  behind. 

63.  The  province  of  the  Holy  iivang-el  was  founded  by  the  Fran- 
ciscan order,  originally  as  a  custodia,  at  the  City  of  Mexico  in  1524, 
its  first  Father  Custodian  being  Padre  Fray  Martin  Valencia.  By 
vlS90  there  were  three  Franciscan  provincias  in  Mexico,  that  of  the 
original  Santo  Evang^lio  at  the  capital,  San  Pedro  y  San  Pablo  de 
Michoacan,  and  San  Jos6  de  Yucatan.  The  Provfncia  del  Santo 
Evang^lio  was  of  such  importance  during  the  second  quarter  of  the 
16th  century  that  the  provinces  of  Peru  and  Guatemala,  as  well  as 
Cuba  and  Florida,  were  under  its  jurisdiction.  In  1596  the  three 
provinces  had  ninety  monasteries,  and  by  1612  there  were  172  monas- 
teries and  religious  houses  in  the  three  provinces  named  and  those  of 
Nueva  Galicia  and  Zacatecas,  which  had  subsequently  been  founded. 

[thr  end.] 


Note. — This  translation  of  Benavides,  further  revised 
and  perfected,  with  very  much  fuller  notes,  a  fac-simile  of 
the  original  Spanish  text  (one  of  the  rarest  books  in  the 
world) ;  with  map,  illustrations,  bibliography  and  other 
setting  worthy  its  historic  value,  will  be  brought  out,  this 
year,  by  Mr.  Ayer.  It  is  intended  to  make  it  the  most  per- 
fect issue  yet  printed  of  any  early  American  '*  source." 
Mechanically,  nothing  will  be  spared  that  wealth,  devotion 
and  expert  taste  can  suggest ;  technically  it  will  be  as 
faultless  as  scholarship  and  patience  can  make  it.  The 
edition  will  be  limited,  and  was  originall)^  intended  to  be 
practically  prohibitive  ;  but  Mr.  Ayer  has  generously  con- 
sented to  make  it  large  enough  so  that  every  serious  scholar 
and  every  important  resort  of  scholars  may  possess  the 
work.  As  only  four  copies  of  the  original  are  known  to 
exist,  each  valued  at  the  price  of  a  goodly  private  library  ; 
and  as  this  vital  document  in  the  history  of  the  Southwest 
has  never  before  been  really  translated  into  English,  the 
edition  will  be  of  no  small  significance  to  scholars. 

Due  notice  will  be  given  in  these  pages  when  the  details 
of  time,  publisher,  price,  etc.,  shall  have  been  settled. 

Ed. 


There  is  no  serious  question  that  the  g-reatest  man  Cali-      "  HERE 
fornia   has    produced    in    her    meteoric    half-century    was  WAS  A 

Stephen  Mallory  White,  who  died  in  I^os   Ang-eles,  Feb.  21,  MAN.' 

1901,  ag-ed  48  years.  The  State  has  schooled  many  g-reat  men  ;  but 
among-  Californians  born,  White's  precedence  was  easy.  Probably 
not  over  half  a  dozen  men  now  in  national  politics  equaled  him  in 
mental  endowment ;  and  his  conscience  was  as  rare.  His  mind  was 
of  extraordinary  scope  and  clarity,  his  balance  as  notable  as  his  in- 
sig-ht.  Brave,  tender,  chivalric,  true  ;  of  an  integrity  never  ques- 
tioned, even  in  the  heat  of  politics  ;  modest,  but  indomJtable — he 
was  in  most  of  the  phases  of  his  life  an  inspiration  to  manhood  and 
g-ood  citizenship.  Going-  to  the  Senate  of  the  U.  S.  in  his  thirties,  by 
sheer  character  and  against  a  trem^endous  corporate  influence,  he 
made  there  a  most  surprising  record — not  of  fireworks  but  of  actual 
work.  It  is  very  possiblj'  true  that  no  one  else  ever  accomplished  so 
much  in  the  Senate  in  his  first  term.  The  peer  of  any  of  his  asso- 
ciates in  brains,  he  won  their  respect  and  confidence  by  his  character. 
He  is  perhaps  the  only  man  that  ever  routed  CoUis  P.  Huntington  in 
open  battle  ;  and  it  was  White's  personality  that  defeated  the  strong- 
est and  most  impudent  lobby  that  ever  besieged — and  for  a  long  time 
blocked — the  national  government.  His  constituents  were  at  his 
back  ;  but  no  student  of  politics  can  well  doubt  that  save  for  White's 
brains  and  his  standing  we  should  have  lost  that  astounding  contest 
known  as  the  "San  Pedro  Harbor  fight."  It  is  rather  an  open 
secret,  too,  that  Senator  White  could  have  had  the  Democratic 
nomination  for  President  from  the  national  convention  whose 
chairman  he  was.  Nor  is  it  exaggeration  to  say  that  he  was  con- 
siderably above  the  averag-e  Presidential  timber.  A  minor  indication 
is — that  he  declined. 

Not  at  all  a  large  man.  White  had  a  presence  that  never   AN 
failed  to  be  impressive;  and  when  roused  he  looked  a  very  lion.       OLD-PASHIONED 
It  took  an  honest  man  and  a  brave  one  to  face  him  at  all,  then ;  SORT, 

and  the  jackals  simply  slunk  to  cover.  He  was  as  noted  for  common- 
sense  as  for  brains.  He  was  never  florid  ;  but  his  speech  was  always 
convincing,  and  at  times  irresistible.  His  closing  argument  in  the 
famous  "lyucky  Baldwin"  case,  fourteen  or  fifteen  years  ago,  was 
from  every  point  of  view  one  of  the  most  masterful  deliverances  I 
have  ever  heard.  It  was  not  only  law,  it  was  really  literature.  And 
it  was  manhood.  In  all  the  Infei'no  there  is  not  such  a  picture  of  tor- 
ture as  was  eloquent  upon  the  face  of  the  personage  he  flayed  alive — 
and  it  was  no  tender  personage.  I  have  heard  our  great  orators, 
from  Wendell  Phillips  hither,  and  some  in  other  lands ;  but  never 
another  so  compelling  off-hand  speech.  It  is  a  pity  it  has  not 
been  preserved,  though  it  w^s  the  summing-up  of  a  breach-of -promise 
case  ;  but  stenographers  and  reporters  were  swept  oft"  their  feet,  and 
forgot  why  they  were  there.  It  was  not  an  easy  audience.  Virgil 
Karp,  one  of  the  baddest  Bad  Men  of  early  Arizona,  was  among 


234  LAND    OF   SUNSHINE. 

Baldwin's  star  witnesses  ;  and  the  defendant  himself  was  no  chicken; 
and  in  that  crowded  hall  were  many  men  with  **  records."  But  upon 
them  all,  friend  and  foe  and  stranger,  fell  the  power  of  that  short, 
thick-chested  man  who  believed  what  he  said,  and  said  it  straight. 
He  swayed  them  as  a  strong  wind  among  the  reeds.  '*  Killers,"  who 
would  have  sneered  in  the  face  of  a  leveled  six-shooter,  wriggled 
miserably  while  he  crucified  them  by  name.  There  was  one  man 
who  had  killed  his  dozen  for  the  thousandth  part  of  that  language  ; 
but  he  had  no  thought  to  kill  White.  I  have  known  reasonably  brave 
men  in  several  countries,  but  cannot  recall  just  the  one  who  would 
have  cared  to  stop  that  slow-pacing,  leonine  figure  whose  words  were 
like  the  Day  of  Judgment. 

It  is  a  Man's  life  that  has  gone  out  untimely  ;  an  honest  politician, 
a  public  man  loved  and  trusted  by  all,  a  good  citizen  in  everj^  rela- 
tion. None  of  his  stature  is  left  in  the  politics  of  the  West ;  too  few 
in  those  of  the  nation.     May  God  deal  generously  with  him  ! 

WHERE  An  honest  man  pays  his  debts.     An  honest  firm  pays  its 

DOES  debts.     There  is  no  notch  in  the  multiplication  table  be- 

HONESTY  STOP?  yond  which  honesty  ceases  to  be  binding.  So  a  na- 
tion must  pay  its  debts — or  be  what  one  man  would  be  in  the 
like  alternative.  And  there  are  some  debts  which  we  all  agree  are 
even  more  sacred  than  some  others.  It  would  be  an  eternal  blot 
upon  our  honor  if  this  vast  and  incalculably  wealthy  nation  were 
to  fail  to  pay  Jessie  Benton  Fremont  what  it  has  so  long  owed  her — 
and  pay  it  in  time.  It  has  kept  her  out  of  her  own  money  for  nearly 
40  years.     And  she  needs  it. 

In  1860  Mrs.  Fremont  bought  lands  on  Point  San  Jos^,  San  Fran- 
cisco, for  $41,000,  and  spent  over  $10,000  for  improvements.  In  1863 
the  government  seized  all  that  water  front  for  military  purposes  ; 
destroyed  Mrs.  Fremont's  residence  and  erected  a  battery.  From 
that  day  to  this  she  has  been  unable  to  secure  any  restitution  or 
compensation.  For  years  she  has  been  living  in  lios  Angeles,  in 
feeble  health  and  straightened  circumstances.  She  is  now  about 
80  years  old,  helpless  with  a  broken  hip,  tortured  with  sciatica — and 
hardly  less  tortured  by  anxiety  for  her  children,  lest  they  be  robbed 
of  what  she  had  the  right  to  leave  them.  She  asks  no  charity,  no 
pension,  no  raid  on  the  treasury ;  simply  to  be  paid  back  her  own 
which  the  country  has  taken  forcibly  from  her. 

A  MIGHTY  Governments  have  done  some  strange  things — as  a  giant 

SMALL  does,  because  he  is  strongest.     But  under  all  the  historic 

BUSINESS,  circumstances  I  cannot  discover  that  any  government  under 
heaven  ever  perpetrated  so  mean  and  small  a  business  as  it  would 
be  to  refuse  to  repay  the  daughter  of  Senator  Thos.  Benton  and  the 
widow  of  John  C.  Fremont — the  Pathfinder,  the  first  presidential 
candidate  of  the  Republican  party.  She  herself  has  been  a  historic 
figure  ;  and  even  in  her  old  age  she  has — swift,  clear  and  unimpaired — 
one  of  the  most  extraordinary  minds  I  ever  encountered  in  a  woman. 
With  almost  a  statesman's  scope  of  thought,  and  with  riper  experi- 
ence than  the  majority  of  statesmen  attain  ;  with  the  poise  and 
breeding  of  the  noblest  of  the  Old  School ;  with  a  womanliness  as 
rare  as  it  is  inspiring — and  to  talk  with  her,  even  now,  is  like  a 
breath  from  the  heroic  days — this  quenchless  old  woman  lies  here  in 
a  physical  pain  we  cannot  remedy,  but  in  a  mental  pain  we  can 
remedy — and  by  every  obligation  of  honor  are  bound  to.  Some  say 
that  chivalry  is  dead.  It  must  be — and  buried,  and  common  man- 
hood with  it — if  they  shall  not  stir  at  this  case. 

TRANSLATED  But  if  our  only  *'  God  is  our  belly,"  even  it  has  ears  when 

INTO  "money  talks."     Let  us  see.     Somewhere  about  $50,000  is 

"  BUSINESS."   the  amount  the  government  has  taken  forcibly  from  Mrs. 


IN    THE    UON'S    DEN.  235 

Fremont's  pocket,  against  her  will,  without  pretense  of  fault  by  her ; 
and  has  not  managed  to  repay  her  in  38  years.  Mrs.  Fremont's 
father  and  her  husband  are  the  two  men  to  whom  the  United  States 
owes  California.  As  every  student  knows,  but  for  their  foresight 
and  action,  we  should  have  lost  California,  and  probably  the  whole 
Pacific  Coast.  In  gold  alone,  up  to  Jan.  1,  1900,  California  has  pro- 
duced over  fourteen  hundred  million  dollars.  It  has  given  the  nation 
over  $300,000,000  in  silver — for  the  Comstock  was  purely  a  Califor- 
nia institution.  Up  to  California,  the  whole  nation  had  produced 
less  than  twenty-five  millions  in  gold  and  silver  together.  Up  to  this 
day,  California  alone  has  produced  in  51  years  more  gold  than  all  the 
rest  of  North  America  has  produced  since  America  was  discovered 
409  years  ago.  But  for  California  the  United  States  would  not  be 
on  a  "  sound  money  "  basis  even  today.  In  other  minerals  and  in  ag- 
ricultural products,  California  has  added  to  the  wealth  of  the  Union 
even  more  than  in  gold. 

And  this  is  but  a  trifle  of  what  one  State  has  done  for      SEVERAI. 
the  Union,  financially,  socially,  politically,  geographically.  OTHER 

It  furnished  the  hard  coin  for  the  civil  war  ;  it  gave  the  free  DEBTS. 

Northern  States  their  first  majority  in  the  U.  S.  Senate  against 
slavery  ;  and  it  made,  in  fact,  the  whole  West.  When  Fremont,  on 
Benton's  far-seeing  inspiration,  took  California  for  the  U.  S.,  there 
was  not  a  single  American  State  west  of  the  Missouri  river.  Now 
the  valuation  of  property  in  the  States  admitted  since  California  was 
— and  chiefly  because  California  was — is  many  times  larger  than  the 
whole  Union  had  in  1850.  I  have  not  the  recent  official  figures  at 
hand  ;  but  the  valuation  of  the  Western  States  must  be  some  twenty 
billions  of  dollars.  What  England  had  not  taken  would  have  been 
taken  by  us,  some  day,  and  some  day  developed  ;  but  it  seems  to  me 
quite  certain  that  in  our  generation  the  total  West  could  not  have 
swelled  the  national  assessment  roll  one-tenth  as  much  as  it  does  if 
California  had  not  been  secured  to  us  ;  without  Benton  and  Fremont 
there  is  not  one  chance  in  a  hundred  that  we  should  have  secured  it. 

Mr.  Russell  Sage  is  generally  credited  with  being  the  mean-      EVEN 
est   millionaire  alive  ;    but   I   presume  even  Uncle  Russell  "  UNCI^E 

would  be  willing  to  give   a  copper  cent  to  the  person — or  RUSSELI^." 

that  person's  heirs — who  had  put  two  hundred  and  fifty  million  dol- 
lars into  Uncle  Russell's  hands.  That  is  a  fair  statement  of  the  com- 
mission— if  it  were  a  commission. 

But  instead  of  being  a  commission  it  is  ''borrowed"  money    A  TIME 
— to  put  it  mildly.     To  take  forcibly  property  which  cost  FOR  MEN 

Mrs.  Fremont  $50,000  is  precisely  the  same  in  morals  as  put-  'TO  ACT 

ting  a  strong  hand  in  her  pocket  and  subtracting  $50,000  in  bills  — 
meantime  choking  her,  past  resistance.  That  is,  always,  unless  resti- 
tution is  made.  Government  must  sometimes  confiscate  for  public 
uses  ;  but  it  must  pay.  "Must?  "  Aye,  musi — for  the  laws  of  God 
and  human  decency  take  precedence  over  those  of  Washington.  A 
nation  can  as  little  afford  to  be  a  thief  as  you  and  I  can.  Mrs.  Fre- 
mont's "forced  loan"  should  be  returned  to  her  though  she  were  the 
daughter  of — tramps.  But  it  is  a  little  more  contemptible  and  out- 
rageous to  withhold  her  just  dues  from  a  woman  who  is  the  human 
representative  of  the  greatest  material  fortune  that  ever  befell  a 
nation  which  is  now  as  rich  as  a  million  Russell  Sages.  Her  sons  are 
on  the  other  side  of  the  world  doing  their  duty  to  their  country  in  the 
army  and  navy.  They  cannot  come  to  her.  They  may  not  be  released 
to  come  in  time.  She  is  alone  with  her  brave  daughter.  Now  if 
there  is  a  spark  of  manhood  left  in  our  public  men,  they  will  see  to  it 
that  their  country's  business  honor  is  vindicated  by  prompt  payment 


236  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

of  its  money  debt  to  this  old  woman.  Its  real  debt,  as  scholars  count, 
to  the  Fremont  family,  it  could  not  pay  if  it  tried ;  and  no  one  asks 
it  to.  Justice,  not  sentiment,  is  the  plea.  In  the  name  of  all  that  is 
American,  let  us  not  allow  Jessie  Benton  Fremont's  last  days  to  be 
poisoned  by  feeling-  that  she  and  her  children  have  been  done  out  of 
their  own  by  the  nation. 

POOR  Mr.  F.  Hopkinson  Smith  is  one  of  the  handsomest  authors 

UNCLE  in  America — next  to  Gen.  Miles,  whom  he  "favors."     Possi- 

TOM.  bly   there  is  a  subcutaneous  and   featural    bacillus  which 

makes  a  gentleman  who  thinks  just  about  so  much  of  himself  look 
just  about  such  a  way.  Mr.  Smith  is  also  a  very  clever  handsome 
man.  He  writes  books  which  tickle  us  all.  Of  course  Southerners 
laugh  at  his  Southern  stories,  and  Mexicans  and  students  of  Mexico 
laugh  at  his  White  Umbrella :  but  they  are  all  good  fun — and  I  pre- 
sume that  is  all  they  are  meant  to  be.  In  a  word,  he  is  as  clever  as 
he  is  handsome. 

With  such  endowments,  he  could  have  afforded  to  be  more  gentle  to 
an  obscure  space  writer  whose  name  is  said  to  be  Harriet  Beecher 
Stowe.  She  was  not  beautiful  in  any  years  Mr.  Smith  and  I  can  re- 
member, and  I  never  knew  her  to  run  anyone  into  a  corner  and  read  her 
latest  work  to  them  willy-nilly.  But  Mr.  Smith,  after  apparently  ma- 
ture deliberation  (since  she  flourished  some  time  ago),  tells  us  that 
Uncle  Tom's  Cabin  (I  infer  that  it  must  be  a  book)  is  "the  most  vicious 
book  ever  written."  "It  was  a  vicious,  appalling,  criminal  mistake." 
He  even  thinks  it  brought  about  the  War.  If  it  did,  it  is  very  sad. 
As  we  all  know  now,  it  was  a  very  wicked  and  unjust  war  ;  and  it  had 
no  inexorable  reasons.  The  happy  slaves  ought  to  have  been  left  in 
their  Southern  do  Ice  far  niente.  They  might  have  been,  if  a  vicious 
woman  hadn't  written  a  criminal  book.  Of  course  neither  the  South 
nor  the  North  could  stand  up  against  that !  The  few  dozen  million 
people  could  putter  and  potter  and  splutter  about  politics  and  econ- 
omics ;  but  when  a  Great  Big  Woman  Shook  a  Bound  Book  at 
them,  they  fell  upon  one  another  in  mortal  combat.  That  is,  Mr.  Hop. 
Smith  didn't.  He  and  I  were  too  young — and  I  wish  he'd  tell  me  how 
he  manages  to  keep  from  getting  over  it.  But  I  am  glad  he  realizes 
the  Great  Responsibilities  of  Famous  Authors.  With  his  eyes  open, 
I  am  sure  that  Mr.  Smith  will  be  too  honorable  to  write  a  book  which 
might  precipitate  a  war  upon  our  now  common  country. 

A.1ID  Henry  Watterson  is  perhaps  the  juiciest  of  the  Southerners 

POOR  who  have  "  had  fun  "  with  this  modest  deliverance  of  Col. 

"HOP."  Smith  ;  and  the  fun  he  has  is  worth  going  to  Louisville  to 

see.  "  Uncle  Tom's  Cabin  is  one  of  the  greatest  books  of  the  world," 
says  Watterson.  "So  far  from  being  a  cruel  attack  upon  the  people 
of  the  South,  it  was  a  most  kindly  representation.  I  am  willing  to 
bet  [Smith]  a  cigar  that  he  never  read  it.  It  is  this  dreadful  sensi- 
tivity of  provincialism,  this  astounding  ignorance  of  the  world  at 
large,  that  has  kept  the  South  in  leading-strings  for  a  hundred  years. 
.  .  .  .  Col.  Carter  of  Cartersville  shocked  my  sensibilities  as  a 
Southern  man  very  much  more  than  did  Uncle  Tom's  Cabin." 

Doubtless  Brer  Smith  never  did  read  it  ;  he  doesn't  need  to,  for  he 
has  several  books  he  likes  better.  But  he  may  have  seen  the  blood- 
hounds of  a  U.  T.  C.  Co.  being  exercised  on  the  street,  or  mayhap 
have  lodged  in  the  same  hotel  with  the  Two  Topsies  and  Two  I^e- 
grees. 

A  MAN  There  are  those   who    know    nothing  about  Mark  Twain, 

AMONG  except  that  he  is  "  funny."     So  are  they,  if  they  did  but 

MEN.        know  it — or  the  world.     Mark  is  funny  enough  to  shift  the 

terrestrial  center  of  gravity  ;  and  to  do  it  "on  purpose."    And  herein 


IN    THE    LION'S    DEN.  237 

is  one  difference.  But  people  who  have  read  the  wonderful  book  of 
the  Mississippi,  or  seen  the  man  in  some  of  his  astonishing-  feats, 
have  known  for  years  that  this  white-headed,  drawling-  lion  was  no 
clown,  no  petty  smirker  **  scattering-  smiles,"  and  dancing-  like  a  pro- 
fessional monkey  for  the  pennies  of  the  populace.  For  all  his  fool- 
ing-, thoughtful  people  have  long-  known  that  he  is  the  largest  and 
most  serious  of  all  the  Western  writers  ;  and  the  most  American. 
No  other  man  in  history  has  by  his  fun  so  swaj'^ed  so  vast  an  audi- 
ence ;  but  the  open  secret  of  the  fact  is  not  that  Mark  is  a  *'  Funny 
Man,"  but  that  he  is  a  Man.  He  has,  indeed,  done  some  labored 
fooling- — but  he  has  never  labored  to  be  a  fool.  He  has  never  been 
a  time-server.  And  while  many  did  not  pause  to  analyze  the  reason, 
that  is  the  chief  reason  why  he  weig-hs  more  here  than  any  other 
American  humorist,  more  in  Bng-land  than  any  EJnglish  humorist. 
For  people  everywhere,  and  whether  they  know  it  or  not,  like  a  Man. 

Mark  is  not  a  **  business  man" — but  as  everyone  can  know      AND 
who  cares  for  these  thing-s,  he  has  set  one  of  the    noblest  AMONG 

examples  of  business  integ-rity  that  was  ever  set  in  Amer-  BUSINESS  WfEN. 
ica.  It  was  more  than  business  integ-rity — it  was  the  chivalry  of  a 
Bayard — to  spend  his  declining  years  in  hard  work  to  pay  firm  debts 
he  was  not  to  blame  for  nor  legally  responsible  for.  If  any  man  in 
America  can  stand  up  with  clean  hands  in  every  relation  of  life, 
Mark  Twain  can.  As  for  courage — he  has  done  braver  things  than 
ever  Roosevelt  did,  and  "  Teddy"  is  not  famous  as  a  coward. 

But  in  some  vital  ways  Mark  Twain  never  did  a  finer  nor  a      TO  THE 
braver  thing  than  in  his  article  in  the  North  American  Re-  '^OP  OF 

view  for  February.     Nor,  I  believe,  a  thing  more  character-  HIS  BENT, 

istic  of  the  man.  Its  only  parallel  in  literature  is  Robert  I^ouis 
Stevenson's  flaying  of  the  otherwise  unknown  bigot  who  traduced 
the  hero  Father  Damien.  Side  by  side  with  that  superb  outburst  of 
indignant  manhood  will  stand  Mark  Twain's  crucifixion  of  Rev.  Dr. 
Ament,  American  missionary  to  China,  who  extorted  from  innocent 
paupers  a  manifold  retribution  in  blood  and  money  for  the  sins  of 
the  Boxers,  and  applied  the  coin  wrung  from  starving  Chinese  women 
and  babies  to  spread  *'the  gospel"  as  Rev.  Ament  understands  it. 
The  would-be  apologists  of  this  grinder  of  the  poor  have  since  '*  come 
after"  Twain — and  out  of  their  own  mouths  he  convicts  them. 

The  whole  article  is  one  of  the  most  tremendous  indict-      THE 
ments  found  in  any  recent  court.     As  to  China   and  Dr.  WORLD 

Ament,  as  to  the  Philippines  and  Prest.  McKinley,  this  full  DO  MOVE. 

grown  American  has  spoken  as  few  men  nowadays  have  either  the 
brains  or  the  courage  to  speak.  It  is  a  word  in  season.  And  if  those 
who  know  their  ward  boss  better  than  they  do  literature  like  to  call 
Mark  Twain  a  "traitor,"  I  venture  to  predict  that  they  will  not  so 
entitle  ex-Prest.  Benjamin  Harrison,  whose  article  in  the  same  maga- 
zine, while  very  different,  is  as  deadly  a  satire  on  our  present 
national  policy.  One  short  year  ago  it  was  decidedly  fashionable  to 
call  common  men  "  traitors,"  for  quoting  the  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence and  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States.  But  it  isn't 
fashionable  now.  Fven  the  most  ignorant  have  "  heard  something 
drop."  The  only  living  ex-Presidents  of  the  U.  S.  are  both  squarely, 
sharply  and  openly  arrayed  against  Imperialism — against  the  present 
administration's  foreign  policy,  if  you  prefer  that  phrase.  So  are  a 
majority  of  the  weightiest  men  in  both  parties.  The  fact  is,  as  every 
sober  man  knows  in  his  heart,  the  American  people  are  overwhelm- 
ingly against  this  whole  business,  but  they  do  not  quite  know  how 
to.  "let  go." 

"Treason  doth  never  prosper  ;   what's  the  reason? 
Why,  if  it  prospers,  none  dare  call  it  treason." 


238  LAND    OF   SUNSHINE. 

And  it  prospers.  Almost  every  day  some  American  of  weight  speaks 
out,  whom  no  sane  American,  even  a  party  phonograph,  dares  call 
traitor.  It  has  ceased  to  be  "treason,"  even  in  the  mouths  of  fools, 
for  a  free-bom  American  to  think.  It  has  ceased  to  be  "  treason" 
to  doubt  if  the  politicians  of  a  day  are  bigger  than  the  eternal 
truth  ;  to  question  if  Marcus  Aurelius  Hanna  is  a  greater  man  and 
patriot  than  Washington  and  Lincoln  put  together ;  to  wonder  if  the 
Constitution  of  the  U.  S.  is  perhaps  as  important  as  the  Ship  Subsidy 
steal.     The  world  do  move,  and  even  the  unwilling  move  with  it. 

I 

SUSTAINED  The  following  comment  on  the  article  ''Untruthful  James' 

BY  THE  (pp  215-217,  this  number)  was  received  too  late  to  be  printed 

SUPREME  COURT.    .^  juxtaposition  with  the  text.     Dr.  Washington  Matthews, 

U.  S.  Army,  is  unquestioned  Nestor  of  American  Ethnologists,  and 

is  known  the  world  over  as  the  foremost  authority,  living  or  dead, 

upon  the  Navajos. 

**  I  have  read  (in  proof)  Mr.  lyummis's  exposure  of  a  'fake'  article 
on  '  The  Fire  Dance  of  the  Navajos,'  by  G.  Wharton  James,  in  the 
Wide  World  magazine  of  September,  1900.  As  to  the  other  achieve- 
ments credited  to  Mr.  James  I  have  no  personal  knowledge  ;  but  the 
statement  of  this  specific  case  I  find  correct  and  not  overdrawn.  The 
charge  therein  made  of  plagiarism  and  willful  mendacity  seems  fully 
justified  by  the  facts.  Washington  Matthews, 

"  1262  New  Hampshire  ave., 

"  Mch.  4, 1901.  Washington,  D.  C." 

THE  NEW  The  Fifth  Proposition  of  Euclid  is  evidently  in  imminent 

PONS  risk  of  its  venerable  laurels.     Even  fewer — er — of  Them — 

ASINORUM.  seem  able  to  get  across  the  new  Pons  Ross-Howardii  at 
Stanford  University.  This  is  perhaps  because  even  they  that  were 
elect  to  stall  upon  the  ancient  bridge  did  at  least  study  a  little  before 
they  thought  to  cross,  whereas  their  kind  go  at  the  new  one  with  no 
more  preparation  than  their  naturally  arrectis  auribus.  We  are 
familiar,  of  course,  with  the  newspaper  habit  to  love  and  spread  a 
scandal  on  evidence  which  would  be  laughed  out  of  court  even  by  a 
rural  J.  P. ;  but  we  are  not  yet  so  wholly  hardened  to  the  facility 
with  which  some  of  our  **  educators"  run  into  the  first  Morning 
Mousetrap.  Only  lewd  fellows  of  the  baser  sort  hate  and  fear 
college  professors  qud  college  professors  ;  but  sober  men — adult 
males,  weaned,  and  of  some  experience  outside  the  paternal  and 
alma-maternal  back-yard — have  too  often  to  wonder  how  the  deuce 
so  many  persons  get  to  be  college  professors,  who  could  not  for  their 
lives  conduct  a  ten-cow  dairy,  nor  face  a  rougher  world  than  radiant 
Ebell  Clubs ;  and  who  have  difficulty  in  refraining  from  acts  which 
men,  boys,  savages  and  all  other  adequate  human  animals  recognize 
and  resent  as  unmanly  and  caddish.  *'  Academic,"  we  gently  term 
these  semi-persons,  after  their  own  abuse  of  a  once  honorable  word  ; 
but  in  a  grammar  school  they  would  have  a  franker,  and  really  more 
scientific,  catalogue  title. 

THE  The  latest  balk  on  the  Pons  Novus  Asinorum  is  by  a  so- 

UN-ROMAN  called   "Committee  of  Economists."      These  are  not  the 

THREE.    Three 

"  Who  kept  the  bridire  bo  well 
lu  the  brave  days  of  old." 

Nor  in  blood  descent.  They  neither  keep  it  nor  get  over  it ;  but 
prance  in  its  middle  and  seem  to  wonder  that  the  structure  does  not 
tremble  at  their  sonorous  tread.  They  are,  I  assume,  nice  men,  though 
plainly  not  of   the  Horatii ;    being  Profs.  Seligman  of   Columbia, 


/N    THE    LION'S    DEN.  239 

Farnham  of  Yale,  and  Gardner  of  Brown ;  and  each,  I  believe,  pro-£ 
fessor  of  political  economy,  as  Ross  was.  This,  by  the  way,  seems 
to  be  the  "  Pullman  Professorship"  in  the  usual  university  ;  on  the 
familiar  theory,  of  transcontinental  proverb,  "  '  Railroad  man?'  He 
ain't  no  railroad  man — he's  a  Pullman  conductor  !"  It  may  be  that 
we  shall  have  to  come  to  say,  "Colleg-e  Professor;  well,  hardly — 
he  is  merely  Professor  of  Political  Economy  in  a  College." 

But  whereunto  are  these  ready  g-entlemen  a  *'  committee"  ?    WHO 
Who   appointed  them  ?      Not  their  natural  Chancery,   the         HATH  DONE 
American    Economic    Association.       The    matter   was  not  THIS  THING? 

brought  before  the  Association,  if  we  can  trust  Prof.  Seligman  him- 
self. But  he  says  his  committee  was  "appointed  by  40  economists, 
comprising- practically  all  attending-  the  Detroit  meeting-."  How? 
When  ?  While  the  Association  was  in  session  ?  If  so,  why  wasn't 
so  important  a  matter  broug-ht  before  it  ?  Anyone  afraid  that  the 
Association  would  not  lend  its  official  sanction  to  a  procedure  on  its 
face  puerile  ?  If  after  the  Association  adjourned,  how  ?  Did  the  40 
get  together  somewhere  and  discuss  what  little  they  knew  by  the 
newspaper  and  appoint  three  of  their  number  to  find  out  more  ?  Or 
did  Professor  Seligman  perhaps  engineer  the  matter  by  correspond- 
ence and  by  personal  interviews,  and  get  himself  appointed  by  con- 
sent— and  possibly  with  power  to  select  his  associates  ?  I  ask  merely 
for  information.  Direct  questions  are  evidently  necessary  ;  for  these 
three  professors  very  curiously  left  the  impression  that  they  were 
official  representatives  of  the  Association.  They  do  not  lie,  but  they 
must  have  known  (if  intelligent  enough  even  for  economists)  that 
their  pose  would  lead  people  to  believe  a  lie.  They  were  careful — I'm 
afraid  I  must  put  it  that  way — not  to  state  honestly  that  they  were 
not  a  committee  of  the  Association,  and  careful  not  to  state 
just  who  they  were.  That  is,  they  wanted  some  little  weight  back 
of  them.  It  is  not  until  they  have  been  directly  taxed  with  their 
suggestio  falsi  that  we  get  the  first  reluctant  truth  from  Prof.  Selig- 
man in  a  telegram  to  Dr.  Howard — "  Not  brought  before  Associa- 
tion." No  wonder  they  sympathize  with  Ross.  He  put  out  his 
Honest  Dollar  in  the  name  of  the  University.  But  Prof.  Seligman 
does  not  let  out  the  whole  truth  yet,  and  we  want  it.  How  did  he 
corral  the  40  ? 

Volunteer  or  not — and  they  sound  volunteer — how  did  this    THE 
triumvirate  jury  prepare  for  their  task  ?     Did  they  come  over         WlIyl^lNG 
to  California  to  "view  the  remains"?    It  might  have  im-  WITNESSES. 

proved  their  knowledge,  and  must  almost  certainly  have  bettered 
their  digestions  and  perhaps  even  affected  by  infiltration  their  curi- 
ous economic  ideas  of  manhood.  Did  any  one  of  them  ever  see  Cali- 
fornia ?  Do  they  know  Stanford  University  by  sight  ?  Have  they 
a  bowing  acquaintance  with  its  student-body,  its  faculty  or  its  stand- 
ards ?  Do  they  know  Dr.  Jordan  ?  Do  they  know  Mrs.  Stanford  ?  Do 
they  know  Prof.  Ross  ?  Did  any  of  the  parties  to  the  case  appear 
before  this  august  "  committee,"  so  pena  its  dire  displeasure  ?  To 
answer  "  no  "  to  each  of  these  questions  requires  no  special  gift  of 
prophecy.  And  it  is  the  answer  most  complimentary  to  the  gentle- 
men. The  only  alternative  is  much  less  pleasant.  If  I  am  wrong  in 
any  case,  I  will  be  glad  to  know  in  which  case,  and  will  make  public 
confession.  I  will  take  the  word  of  either  of  the  three  ;  but  it  must 
be  a  specific  word — no  more  of  these  generalities  calculated  to  de- 
ceive. 

On  the  retina  of  what  mind  I  have  is  a  delicious  moving    ON 
picture  of  a  tolerable  cross-examiner  with  An  Honest  Dot-      CROSS 
lar  in  his  hand,  catechising  these  froward  gentlemen  before  EXAMINATION. 


240  LAND    OF   SUNSHINE. 

a  tribune  of  their  own  friendly  colleges.  '*Did  you  ever  read  Dr. 
Ross's  pamphlet?"  No.  "  Did  you  ever  read  Dr.  Jordan's  Fishes 
of  North  America?  Or  his  Imperial  Democ7-acy  f'  No.  "What 
attention  have  you  given  to  weighing  the  men  by  their  work  ?  " 
None.  "  Did  you  ever  see  both  of  them  ?  "  No.  "What  do  you  know 
about  the  case  ?"  Well,  we  read  the  sacred  newspapers,  and  Dr. 
Ross  has  generously  informed  us.  Dr.  Jordan  didn't  seem  to  think 
it  any  of  our  business.  "And  you  felt,  gentlemen,  that  on  such  evi- 
dence it  was  scholarship  and  good  morals  to  render  a  verdict,  with 
color  of  official  sanction  from  some  indefinite  authority  ?  "  We  did. 
"  That  is  all.  The  witnesses  may  step  down."  But  if  he  were  at  all 
inclined  to  be  "  nasty,"  that  would  not  be  all  by  a  long  chalk. 

BOYS  To  a  rude  frontiersman  it  looks  as  if  these  excellent  young 

WILL  BE  gentlemen  (I  assume  that  their  years  twin  with  their  act) 

BOYS.  had  procured  themselves  to  be  appointed  to  adjudicate  a  case 
they  knew  nothing  about,  and  took  no  manly  pains  to  learn.  They 
did  not  bother  about  the  trivial  formality  of  catching  a  man 
before  they  tried  to  hang  him.  An  untutored  cowboy  would  have 
gone  first  to  inspect  the  maverick  in  dispute  ;  but  not  so  these  learned 
jurors.  W^hy  should  they  ?  Isn't  it  enough  for  a  man  to  live  in  the 
East  ?  Doesn't  that  mere  fact  sufl'use  him  with  final  knowledge  ? 
Can't  he  delimit  California  with  one  superb  gesture  ?  There  is  a 
maturity — to  some  it  comes  early,  to  some  late,  and  to  some  never  at 
all — which  leads  a  man  to  "know  what  he  is  talking  about"  before 
he  talks.  It  may  not  be  Political  Economy  ;  but  it  is  very  economic 
of  subsequent  mortification.  It  has  interested  me  to  understand  this 
case  ;  it  has  not  interested  these  superior  beings.  Being  a  West- 
erner I  had  to  understand  or  "shut  up";  but  in  the  happy  East  no 
such  limitations  apply.  Their  motto  is  an  improvement  on  the  Ger- 
man :  was  ich  nicht  weiss  macht  mich  heiss.  I  have  read  their  "  offi- 
cial" report  very  carefully,  and  with  care  to  read  their  own  version, 
not  the  telegraphed  one.  It  gives  me  no  news  of  the  case — though 
many  news  I  should  call  falsehoods  if  I  had  never  seen  "  tenderfeet" 
before.  But  I  plan  in  the  fullness  of  time  to  give  thef)t  some  news  ; 
news  of  the  special  sort  which  will  most  interest  them — and  which 
they  might  have  spared  me  the  trouble  of  supplying.  And  by  get- 
ting that  news  themselves  they  could  have  saved  not  only  morti- 
fication but  such  minor  things  as  a  shameful  and  ignorant  in- 
justice. Their  present  "  report"  reminds  me  of  a  young  wife's  first 
sponge  cake — if  you  ever  chanced  to  try  one.  Outwardly  it  is  author- 
itatively brown,  despite  a  curious  sinking  in  the  middle.  But  in- 
wardly it  is  ravening  dough. 

A  GREY  BEARD  The  Rev.  Dr.  Henry  Van  Dyke,  a  better    baked   man,    is 

OF  THE  another  too  speedy  witness  to  things  he  wots  not  of.     He 

SAME  CUT.  thinks  (if  he  is  correctly  reported  by  his  own  court  of  last 
resort  in  the  case)  that  the  action  of  Ross's  "  fellow  professors  who 
followed  him  out",  (what  it  is  to  have  an  unalloyed  Eastern  mind  ! 
Now/  should  never  have  thought  to  call  "following  him  out"  the 
process  of  clinging  to  their  salaries  as  long  after  he  was  gone  as  they 
could,  or  felt  sure  they  could)  and  the  Eastern  hubbub  of  a  few  ap- 
prehensives  "ought  to  make  us  proud  of  American  scholarship." 
Maybe  it  ought.  A  little  something,  however,  would  depend  on  the 
definition  of  "scholarship."  Dr.  Van  Dyke  concludes  that  "what 
the  Germans  call  akademische  Lehrfreiheit  is  not  dead  here  by  any 
means."  I  guess  it  isn't.  It  looks  to  me  as  safe  as  Dr.  Van  Dyke  is 
when  he  goes  outdoors  with  a  guide  and  writes  really  pretty  and 
amiable  books  on  "Nature."  The  guide  won't  kill  him.  The  only 
danger  is  from  his  own  gun.  I  am  much  more  concerned  to  know 
Dr.  Van  Dyke's  diagnosis  of  the  pulse,  temperature  and  expectation- 


IN    THE    LION'S    DEN.  241 

of -life  of  what  the  Germans  do  not  call  Horsesensische  Gesundheit, 
or  words  to  that  effect. 

A  Prof.  Wm.  C.  I^awton  (no  apparent  relation  to  the  manly    I  KNEW 
General,  whom  I  knew),  who  had  previously,  in  the  gravity         A  QUIETER 
of  his  Noah's  Ark  world,  suggested  an  Amalgamated  Pud-  I^AWTON. 

dlers'  Union  for  College  Professors,  breaks  out  again  in  the  Nation 
of  Feb.  21  with  a  Vae  !  Vae  !  that  is  calculated  to  make  Califor- 
nians  take  not  merely  to  tall  timber,  but  to  the  upper  sprays  of  the 
Sequoia  Gigantea.  I  have  not  really  space  now  to  reckon  with  Prof. 
Lawton,  who  knows  a  good  deal  about  Greek,  and  nothing  whatever 
about  the  Stanford  case  or  anything  outdoors — for  if  he  did,  several 
things  in  his  outburst  would  have  to  be  called  lies  ;  and  until  further 
notice  I  assent  that  Prof.  Ivawton  is  not  a  liar.  He  is  merely  a  good, 
honest,  earnest,  hair-trigger-emotioned,  unaerated  Greek  professor.  I 
even  hope  he  will  never  know  how  absurd  his  Jeremiad  would  look  to 
him  if  he  ever  met  the  naked  truth  of  the  case.  Meantime,  I  remem- 
ber having  seen  recommended  for  the  like  peevish  symptoms  some 
Mother  Winslow's  Soothing  Syrup.  It  is  said  to  be  good  during  den- 
tition. Or,  a  few  feet  of  compound  railway  ticket  taken  externally, 
and  the  opening  of  batted  eyes,  sometimes  have  a!^  beneficial  effect. 

But  of  all  that  have  come  to  spraddle  and  slide  on  the  Pons    BUT 
Novus,  first  place  must  be  given  to  Prof.  W.  J.   Ashley  of         THE  BI^UE 
Harvard.     I  have  followed  the  specific  case  rather  closely —  RIBBON— 

and  college  professors  as  a  genus  for  many  j^ears.  Without  jest- 
ing at  all,  I  have  been  literally  "collecting  Fools  "  for  nearly  twenty 
years — and  "  fools  "  always  includes  those  who  won't  be  Men.  And 
I  have  never  found  a  choicer — or,  thank  God,  rarer — specimen.  I 
have  never  seen  so  sorry  an  exhibition  of  a  college  professor  as  Mr. 
Ashley's  communication  to  the  Nation  of  Jan.  31.  I  have  seen  as 
foolish  things  ;  but  never  from  such  a  source  a  thing  so  foolish  in 
fact  and  so  contemptible  in  spirit.  In  my  fallible  judgment,  of 
course,  with  some  experience  of  "  men,  women  and  college  pro- 
fessors." In  each  of  several  "savage  "  tribes  I  have  had  the  honor 
to  become  intimate  with,  I  have  personally  known  men  to  be  forever 
degraded  from  the  aboriginal  "  chair  "  — which  is  that  of  principal 
or  councillor — for  precisely  Prof.  Ashley's  act.  That  is,  for  getting 
up  and  making  a  speech  which  showed  ignorance  and  malice. 

"  The  present  situation  at  Stanford,"  writes  Prof.  Ashley,       "l^ET 
**  leads  me,  very  unwillingly^  to  address  a  word  of  warning  NO  DOG 

to  the  younger  instructors  at  other  American  universities."  BARK.'» 

Some  of  them  might  get  invitations  "to  take  places  of  the  expelled 
and  resigned  Stanford  professors."  To  this  so  unwilling  volunteer, 
"The  acceptance  of  a  position  at  Stanford  is  in  the  highest  degree 
indecorous."  For  anyone  who  knows  no  more  what  he  scandalizes 
about  than  Prof.  Ashley  does,  it  is  more  than  "  indecorous."  I 
should  call  it  "  impossible."  Nor  do  I  know  any  cis-Missouri  college 
so  poor  and  narrow  that  it  would  call  the  gentleman  who  wrote  that 
letter.  We  like  scholars,  "  Out  West,"  but  we  have  to  have  Men.  As 
a  rather  notorious  matter  of  fact,  we  generally  manage  to  secure 
both. 

"Very  unwillingly,"  comes  this  stocking-foot  volunteer,    BRAYED 
who  has  not  even  waited  to  dress.     And  having  been  so         IN  HIS  OWN 
"reluctant"  as  to  ask  an  honorable  paper  to  print  his  un-  MORTAR., 

solicited  voluntary,  advising  "  younger  instructors,"  he  directly  con- 
fesses that  he  knows  nothing  about  the  case.  "  I  repeat,"  he  says — 
after  doing  whatever  harm  his  name  and  guesswork  may  be  able  to 
do  (and  of  course  he  knows  he  can  never  quite  undo  it),  "  that  the  evi- 


242  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

dence  is  not  yet  accessible  by  which  We  Professors  in  the  East 
[Sacr^Nom/]  can  fairly  judge  the  present  situation."  Would  it  be 
beneath  Prof.  Ashley's  conception  of  morals  and  professional  dig- 
nity to  wait  till  he  could  judge  fairly  before  judging  at  all  ?  Was 
his  coat  on  fire  ?  If  he  is  "unwilling,"  who  "  fo'ced  "  him?  Cer- 
tainly the  paper  had  not  asked  for  his  valued  opinions.  Who  did,  or 
what  did,  overcome  his  "  very  unwillingness "  ?  Perhaps  the 
finished  gentleman  would  print  (in  another  paper):  "I  very  un- 
willingly warn  all  younger  persons  as  to  the  chastity  of  my  neighbor's 
wife.  I  never  saw  her,  and  no  evidence  is  accessible  ;  but  in  the 
present  situation  it  would  be  indecorous  in  the  highest  degree  to 
speak  to  this  female  whom  I  suspect.  There  might  be  worse  things 
than  her  suffering  because  I  don't  know  her."  And  again,  perhaps  he 
wouldn't.  It  might  be  less  safe  ;  but  it  would  be  quite  as  scholarly 
and  quite  as  manly. 

I  myself  am  a  willing  witness  in  this  case  ;  for  the  simple  reason, 
so  far  as  I  can  get  at  it,  that  I  know  the  case  on  both  sides — know 
the  university  at  issue  and  the  universities  which  seem  unable  to  dis- 
miss their  drags — and,  despite  a  collector's  fondness,  I  am  grown 
weary  of  too  many  kinds  of  a  fool  at  once.  But  I  do  not  pretend  to 
be  unwilling.     It  is  something  of  a  gratification  to  a  tired  man. 

BUT  **  It  is  evident,"  comments  the  modest  and  ripe  Dr.  Ashley, 

JUST  **  that  l/ie  best  way  to  educate  the  Stanford  administration  to 

FAHNCY !  a  higher  conception  of  a  university  is  by  the  refusal  of 
scholars  outside  to  haCve  anything  to  do  with  such  an  institution." 
Ach,  du  lieber  Gott  !  There  used  to  be  a  precious  song  rife  at  Har- 
vard in  my  day,  and  doubtless  not  yet  extinct  in  Dr.  Ashley's  more 
profitable  time  : 

"  Then  I  can't  marry  you,  my  pretty  maid," 
"  Nobody  asked  you,  kind  sir,"  she  said, 
"  And  I  come  from  the  Rio  Grande." 

FUERA  If  Prof.  Ashley  would  secure  a  large  auditorium  in  which  to 

COS  A  *'  educate  "  Jordan,  Branner  and  several  dozen  other  persons 

DE  VER.  of  the  Stanford  faculty,  he  could  make  more  money  than  a 
prize-fight.  May  be  he  doesn't  care  for  money.  Then  he  would 
make  more  notoriety  (for  which  his  itch  is  clear)  than  by  all  the  vol- 
unteer letters  he  can  ever  write  in  the  dark.  People  would  cross  the 
continent,  either  way,  to  see  the  teacher  meet  his  class.  I  myself 
would  even  go  East  again  for  it.  Anyone  who  has  any  imagination 
and  any  knowledge  of  the  comparative  rank,  in  American  scholar- 
ship and  in  manhood,  of  Dr.  Ashley  and  his  proposed  pupils  will  not 
really  need  to  read  Life  or  Puck  for  a  year.     Their  fun  is  laid  out. 

FOR  I  think  they  shall  have  more.     But  for  the  moment  there  is 

THE  one  safe  anchorage  for  such  as  respect,  indeed,   a  young 

PRESENT.  person's  ability  to  remember  what  books  he  has  read,  but 
respect  decent  manhood  and  "  horse  sense,"  still  more.  The  Japhet 
of  a  committee  takes  to  its  bosom  two  men  it  does  not  know,  as 
Martyrs  to  a  Cause  it  guesses.  The  two  are  martyrs  because  they 
charged  their  employers — who  had  lifted  them  from  obscurity — with 
being  dishonest  and  servile.  Instead  of  getting  out  of  such  bad 
company — and  even  wicked  Stanford  hasn't  handcufts  to  detain 
these  gentlemen  one  minute  longer  than  they  desire  to  staj' — both 
gentlemen  clung  desperately,  unto  the  last  minute,  to  salaries  twice 
as  big  as  they  ever  got  before  ;  and  both  tried  to  hold  on  still 
longer.  Now,  this  may  convey  no  meaning  to  '*  Pol-Econ  "  profes- 
sors ;  but  it  is  intelligible  to  Men.  And  it  is  a  reasonable  type  of  the 
reasons  why  Men  do  not  always  give  professors  all  the  reverence  the 
professors  deem  their  due. 

Chas.  F.  Lummis. 


243 


WHICH  TS 
WRITTEM 


Hon.  D.    A.    Shaw,    of  Pasadena, 

Cal.,  a  pioneer  of  1850,  has  made  an 

^■j^^^  extremely  interesting-  book — and  one  not 

>^  ^    without  scientific  value  —  in  his  Bl  Dorado.     No 

honest  eyewitness  chronicle  of 

"The  days  of  old, 
The  days  of  grold," 

can  be  unimportant  to  the  student ;  and  Mr.  Shaw  is  an  exceptionally 
intelligent  and  reliable  witness.  He  came  overland  to  California, 
leaving-  Mareng-o,  111.,  April  19,  1850;  and  ag-ain  in  1853.  His  narra- 
tive of  these  two  great  journeys  is  excellently  worth  while,  despite 
some  careless  Eng-lish  and  poor  proofreading-  of  the  book. 

It  is  a  pity  that  the  sketch  of  early  California  history  is 
full  of  error.  There  never  was  a  "  Viceroy  of  Spain"  (p.  196);  no 
viceroy  of  any  country  ever  visited  California.  Cortez  was  never 
Viceroy  of  Mexico,  Antonio  de  Mendoza  being-  the  first — as  he  was 
the  greatest.  No  student  supposes  that  Francis  Drake  entered  or  in 
any  way  knew  of  the  bay  of  San  Francisco.  Drake  was  not  the 
"  first  navigator  that  ever  made  a  complete  circuit  of  the  globe" — not 
by  a  little  matter  of  60  years.  That  honor  belongs  to  a  gentleman 
whose  name  was  Magalhaes,  and  of  whom  some  of  us  have  heard 
as  Magellan.  And  so  on  for  quantity.  But  Mr.  Shaw's  personal 
chronicles  are  modest,  shrewd,  reliable,  and  informative.  B.  R. 
Baumgardt,  Los  Angeles.     $1.25. 

A  very  hard-headed  "  Yank"  has  found  very  keen  pleasure    AND  "WIXGS"' 
in  reading  Joel  Chandler  Harris's  On  the  Whig  of  Occasions.  THAT 

It  is  a  Man  Book,  this  sequence  of  stories  of  the  war  from  the  FLY. 

"  rebel"  view  point.  And  it  makes  one  prouder  to  be  an  American  to 
learn  by  this  square  proof  that  there  were  such  Americans  on  the 
other  side.  Politically,  they  were  wrong — if  a  republic  is  right  at 
all,  as  I  think  it  is,  and  if  freedom  is  anywise  noble,  as  I  am  sure  it 
is.  But  they  were  Americans  and  they  were  men.  That  is  the 
reason  other  Americans  had  so  large  a  contract  to  whip  them  with 
three  men  to  one.  The  book  is  worth  reading  twice  if  only  for  its 
human  pictures  of  Lincoln  ;  and  it  is  worth  reading  without  that — 
for  "  Larry  McCarthy"  is  one  of  the  figures  of  men  now  rarely  seen 
in  fiction  or  in  life.  Doubleday,  Page  &  Co.,  New  York  ;  C.  C.  Parker, 
Los  Angeles.     $1.50. 

A  study  whose  accuracy  those  who  have  been  in  the  same    AN  ALMOST 
now  outgrown  atmosphere  can  best  appreciate  is  Caroline  A.  FOSSIL 

Mason's   A    Woman   of   Yesterday.     It   really  seems  to  me  TYPE, 

an  uncommon  photograph,  in  several  details  ;  though  I  am  rather 
sure  it  would  not  interest  me  if  I  had  never  known  just  that  sort  of 
people.  The  narrow  but  precise  devotion  of  a  New  England  country 
town  before  New  England  itself  became  sophisticated,  is  diagram- 
matically  drawn.  I  have  even  known  men  who  would  fall  in  love 
with  the  heroine — but  they  are  all  old  now.  Doubleday,  Page  &  Co., 
New  York ;  C.  C.  Parker,  Los  Angeles.     $1.50. 


244  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

MACAULAY'S  The  concluding-  volumes,  III,  IV  and  V  of  the  very  attractive 

ESSAYS,  pocket-size  "  Temple  Classics"  edition  of  Macaulay's  Essays, 
contain  twelve  of  these  almost  model  papers,  including  those 
on  Bacon,  Lord  Clive,  Leigh  Hunt,  Warren  Hastings,  Addison  and 
Frederick  the  Great ;  and  each  its  frontispiece  portrait,  the  useful 
editor's  appendix  and  glossary.  This  chaste  little  edition  is  a  marvel 
of  cheapness  and  good  workmanship.  Five  vols.,  SOcents  per  vol.  J. 
M.  Dent,  London;  The  Macmillan  Co.,  New  York. 

LIKE  A  A  really  beautiful  little  story— for  with  all  its  300  pages  it 

WILD  seems  little — exquisitely  simple  and  sweet  and  warming,  is 

ROSE.  Arthur  Henry's  ./  Princess  of  Arcady.  It  is  doubly  wel- 
come to  find  such  a  wild-flower  of  a  novel  amid  our  present  hothouse 
literature.  Doubleday,  Page  &  Co.,  New  York  ;  C.  C.  Parker,  Los 
Angeles.     $1.50. 

THETlitTLE  An  important  paper  of  over  500  pages  on  The  Eskimo  About 

NORTHERN  Berifig   Strait  is  printed  as  a    "Separate"   from  the  18th 

PEOPLE.  Annual  Report  of  the  Bureau  of  Ethnology.  It  is  by  Edw. 
William  Nelson,  who  lived  nearly  five  years  in  Northern  Alaska.  I 
am  unable  to  speak  as  an  expert  on  Eskimo,  but  Mr.  Nelson's  ex- 
haustive volume,  with  its  hundreds  of  extremely  satisfactory  and  in- 
formative illustrations,  seems  to  me  a  workmanlike  and  valuable 
contribution. 

AMONG  Under  the  Great  Bear  is  another  of  Kirk  Monroe's  stories 

THE  — which  are  always  good,  and  would  be  better  it  he  did  not 

ICEBERGS,  turn  them  out  with  the  speed  and  mechanicalness  of  a  calico 
factory.  They  have  come  to  be  rather  visibly  by  the  yard.  The 
present  tale  is  interesting  to  boys,  with  its  wild  enough  adventures 
in  the  Arctic  ;  but  Mr.  Monroe  has  it  in  him  to  be  something  better 
than  a  new  Oliver  Optic,  if  he  would  give  himself  a  chance.  Double- 
day,  Page  &  Co.,  New  York  ;  C.  C.  Parker,  Los  Angeles.     $1.25. 

WONDERING  Good-natured,  well-meaning,  superficial,  and  sometimes  of 

AND  a  grammar  to  disturb  the  long  sleep  of  Gould  Brown,  Mrs. 

WANDERING.  William  Beckman's  Backsheesh ;  A  Woman's  Wanderings 
("  in  Europe,  Asia  Minor,  Egypt,  Syria  and  Palestine")  is  of  the  sort 
of  travel-books  which  please  their  author  and  injure  no  one.  *'  I 
send  forth  this  book,  which  consists  of  my  ideas  and  descriptions  of 
the  countries  I  visited,  and  were  written  hastily  while  traveling  from 
place  to  place,"  writes  Mrs.  BecT<man.  And  this  seems  to  be  about 
so.     46  illustrations.     The  Whitaker  &  Ray  Co.,  San  Francisco. 

FAIR  Whatever  other  i)enalty  of  mortal  briefness  may  be  allotted 

BUT  to  the  rest  of  mankind,  we  may  be  absolutely  secure  that  the 

FALSE.  race  will  never  die  out  of  them  that  must  write  of  things 

they  know  nothing  of.  And  so  long  as  Indians  last,  or  the  memory 
of  them,  they  will  be  a  favorite  target  for  the  Guess-So  people.  ./ 
Child  of  the  Sum  by  Chas.  Eugene  Banks,  is  an  uncommonly  beauti- 
ful book,  graced  with  many  very  pretty  "colortype"  illustrations  by 
Louis  Betts,  and  dressed  most  artistically  by  publishers  already  noted 
for  the  excellent  mechanics  and  esthetics  of  their  books.  But  it  is 
wholly  unjustified.  There  is  nothing  Indian  in  it,  except  the  names 
and  the  pictures  and  they  are  Indian  rather  by  faith  than  by  works. 
I^erhaps  the  funniest  thing  about  the  book  is  its  vernacular-  an  at- 
tempt at  Hiawatha  in  prose.  It  would  doubtless  be  vain  to  tr^'  to  tell 
anyone  but  a  familiar  of  Indians  how  absurd  all  this  sort  thing  is. 
H.  S.  Stone  &  Co.,  Chicago.     Si. 50. 

Dr.  D.  G.  Elliot  reprints  from  the  Auk  a  loving  In  Memoriam  of 
the  late  lamented  Dr.  Elliott  Coues,  of  this  stafi". 


THAT    WHICH    IS    WRITTEN.  245 

Part  Two  of  the  Seventeenth  Annual  Report  of  the  Bureau    FROM 
of  Ethnolog-y  contains  a  short  but  scholarly  paper  by  Cosmos  THE  GOV'T 

Mindeleff  on  "  Navaho  "  Houses  (after  the  barbarous  spelling-  BUREAU, 

adopted  from  some  uneducated  frontiersman,  and  persisted  in  by  the 
Bureau  in  defiance  of  history,  etymology  and  lucidity) ;  and  a  long- 
paper  by  J.  Walter  Fewkes  on  his  Expedition  to  Arizona  in  iSg^. 
Dr.  Fewkes  is  studious,  and  his  report  is  important.  It  would  be  still 
more  so  but  for  his  characteristic  habit  of  omitting-  to  give  credit  to 
the  sources  of  his  information  ;  and  of  appearing  rather  to  know 
these  things  by  divine  revelation.  One  would  presume  (who  did  not 
know)  that  Dr.  P^ewkes  had  a  personal  familiarity  with  Vetancurt, 
Benavides,  and  other  early  Spanish  "  sources."  As  a  matter  of  fact, 
he  has  not,  and  for  them  depends  upon  others — ^  almost  exclusively 
upon  a  man  whom  he  has  for  j^ears  tried  to  discredit  from  around  the 
corner  ;  viz  ,  Bandelier.  It  is  not  Dr.  Fewkes's  fault  that  one  Bande- 
ller  would  make  several  Fewkeses  ;  for  our  brains  are  only  as  God 
gives  us.  But  a  good  use  of  brains  is  to  recognize  our  biggers  ;  and 
to  thank  them  when  we  climb  up  on  their  shoulders.  The  big  man 
was  almost  painfully  careful  to  "  give  credit,"  even  to  humble 
sources.  If  Dr.  Fewkes  had  ever  been  heard  of  in  the  field  when 
Bandelier  drew  its  definitive  generic  lines,  he  would  have  been  men- 
tioned. That  is  the  difference — or  one  difference — between  little 
men  and  big  men. 

The  plodding  patience  of  the  gentleman  who  undermined  Gushing, 
and  now  occupies  so  much  of  his  shoes  as  he  can,  is  known  and  re- 
spected by  all  students  of  the  Southwest.  He  has  been  a  faithful 
and  a  useful  investigator,  and  made  probably  the  best  of  his  endow- 
ment and  his  chances.  But  he  would  grow  in  stature  if  he  would  put 
aside  a  certain  jealousy  and  .vanity  which  were  visible  in  the  first 
week  in  which  he  ever  saw  the  Southwest  and  have  not  disappeared 
even  yet — though  that  is  nearly  a  decade  ago. 

If  there  is  any  poetry  in  the  world  to  beat  the  best  Irish  POEMS 
for  getting  at  the  heart  of  one,  it  is  still  undiscovered.     And  OP  THE 

the  probable  reason  of  this  is  that  it  comes  from  the  heart.  "OLD  SOD.'' 

A  very  judicious  selection  from  the  best  is  A  Treasury  of  Irish 
Poetry,  by  Stopford  Brooke  and  T.  W.  RoUeston  ;  a  handsome  book 
of  near  600  pages,  with  biographies  of  the  poets.  It  is  g^ood  to  read. 
But  why  does  it  leave  out  the  greatest  Irish  poet  of  America  —  John 
Boyle  6' Reilly  ?    The  Macmillan  Co.,  66  Fifth  ave.,  New  York.    $1.75. 

Dr.  Bdward  Robeson  Taylor,  of  San  Francisco,  whose  translations 
of  Heredia  have  won  the  praise  of  the  praised,  has  issued  in  a  100- 
copy  edition  a  worthy  volume  of  Memories  and  Other  Verses.  A 
particularly  admirable  photograph  of  the  author,  made  by  William 
Keith,  serves  as  frontispiece.  The  verses  are  of  Dr.  Taylor's  charac- 
teristic scholarliness,  patient  workmanship  and  broad  sympathy. 
Privately  printed  for  the  author,  San  Francisco. 

Dr.  J.  A.  Munk,  of  Los  Angeles,  has  issued  a  28-page  "bibliography" 
of  many  hundreds  of  "  Arizona  books,  pamphlets  and  periodicals." 
It  is  a  curious  collection,  ranging  all  the  way  from  Bandelier  to 
Richard  Henry  Savage,  and  from  the  government  reports  of  Simpson 
and  W^hipple  to  "  space"  articles  in  a  Denver  curio-dealer's  trade- 
sheet.  Dr.  Munk  has  made  an  uncommonly  effective  round-up  of 
modern  material  on  Arizona. 

A  Round  of  Rimes,  by  Denis  A.  McCarthy,  is  a  pleasant  surprise. 
In  this  modest  little  volume  there  is  more  than  a  little  of  the  delicacy, 
the  music  and  the  evasive  charm  of  the  real  Irish  poetry,  which 
always  warms  the  heart.     Review  Pub.  Co.,  Boston.     $1. 


246  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

Mrs.  Ltou  V.  Chapin's  W  Lover's  Anniversary  and  other  poems,  il- 
lustrated by  Will  E.  Chapin,  is  one  of  the  more  creditable  of  local 
productions.  Mrs.  Chapin's  verse  has  motion  and  swing",  a  g^ood  deal 
of  vigor  and  a  good  deal  of  tenderness  of  thought.  There  are  a  very 
few  quarrelsome  rhymes ;  but  as  a  whole  the  little  volume  is  far  above 
the  average  of  newspaper  verse.  B.  R.  Baumgardt  &  Co.,  Los 
Angeles.     75  cents. 

Some  flavorsome  and  "taking"  homely  verse,  full  of  pleasant 
reminders  of  the  old  New  England,  is  in  Charles  Elmer  Jenney's 
Scenes  of  My  Childhood.  The  little  book  is  handsomely  printed  ; 
and  its  interest  is  much  enhanced  by  a  profusion  of  uncommonly 
artistic  photo-engravings.     The  author,  Fresno,  Cal.     $1.50. 

The  worthy  monthly  Revista  de  Chihuahua,  long  suspended,  has 
resumed  publication — a  fact  which  will  be  welcomed  by  studends  of 
the  neighboring"  republic.  It  is  conducted  by  Dr.  Miguel  Marquez,  in 
the  chief  city  of  Northern  Mexico.  Chihuahua  now  has  30,252  in- 
habitants— a  g'ain  of  64  per  cent,  since  1895. 

Two  scholarly  archaeological  papers  on  our  North  Pacific  Coast, 
by  Harlan  J.  Smith  of  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  Historj', 
New  York,  are  reprinted  in  a  "separate."  They  are  from  Science, 
and  the  latest  session  of  the  Am.  Assn.  for  the  Advancement  of 
Science. 

The  California  Academy  of  Sciences,  San  Francisco,  issues  Henry 
Ward  Turner's  interesting  paper  on  "The  Pleistocene  Geology  of  the 
South  Central  Sierra  Nevada,  with  Especial  Reference  to  the  Origin 
of  Yosemite  Valley." 

The  Godly  Seer  purports  to  be  "  a  true  story  of  Hi-a-wat-ha,  ar- 
ranged and  collated  from  ancient  writing-,"  by  Ellis  Wordsworth — 
who  has  been  fortunate  to  secure  "  ancient"  writings  on  this  theme  ! 
Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

By  far  the  best  summing  up  of  the  events  of  the  nineteenth  cen- 
tury that  has  yet  been  printed  is  the  elaborate  review,  a  goodly  book 
in  size,  and  by  many  experts,  in  the  New  York  Evening  Post  of 
Jan.  12. 

Dr.  Theo.  B.  Comstock,  of  Los  Angeles,  has  printed  in  pamphlet 
form  his  paper  before  the  American  Institute  of  Engineers,  last 
August,  on  "The  Geology  and  Vein  Formation  of  Arizona." 

An  attractive  brochure  of  the  Ballad  of  the  (Unsuccessful,  by  the 
well  known  critic  Richard  Burton  (who  is  now  in  California),  is 
issued  by  Small,  Maynard  and  Co.,  Boston.     35  cents. 

Frances  Fenton  Sanborn  has  assembled,  without  much  assimila- 
tion, a  good  deal  of  material  ^iboul  Dante  and  his  Beloved  Florence, 
The  Whitaker  &  Ray  Co.,  San  Francisco.     $1. 

Edwin  Burritt  Smith's  strong  legal  presentation,  The  Constitution 
and  Inequality  of  Rights  is  a  good  document  to  read,  re  our  present 
foreign  policy. 

Chas.  F.  Lummis. 


247 


Marketing  California  Oranges  and 

Lemons. 


BY  A.    H      NAFTZGBR. 


m 


YT\OUBTl^ESS  very  few  people  not  di- 
rectly interested  in  g-rowing-  or  ship- 
ping- citrus  fruits  have  any  accurate 
or  comprehensive  idea  of  the  volume  or  value 
of  the  products  of  the  orchards  of  Southern 
California,  nor  do  they  appreciate  the  fact  that 
the  industry  has  not  reached  its  present  status 
by  easy  stages.  The  vast  undertakings  in 
the  way  of  water  developments,  constructing 
canals,  preparing  the  ground  and  planting 
the  trees  have  been  carried  forward  at  great 
expenditure  of  time,  labor  and  capital.  Other 
like  expenditures  have  been  made'  to  protect 
the  groves  from  the  ravages  of  scale  and  other 
pests,  and  to  guard  as  far  as  possible  against 
damage  by  frost.  Despite  these  difficulties, 
the  g-rowth  of  the  industry  has  been  very 
great,  and  has  exerted  a  powerful  influence 
upon  the  financial  interests,  and  progress  of 
this  portion  of  the  State.  The  profits  from 
our  orchards  constitute  one  of  our  principal 
items  of  revenue. 

The  first  orange  trees  in  California  were 
only  for  ornament  about  the  early  missions 
and  village  plazas,  and  for  a  hundred  years 
the  fruit  grown  scarcely  met  the  small  local  requirements  of  the  scat- 
tered settlements  and  prospective  cities.  In  1874  the  government 
sent  to  Riverside  the  first  orange  trees  of  the  seedless  variety,  now 
so  well  known  as  the  Washington  Navel.  It  was  the  destiny  of  these 
trees  to  change  the  history  of  orange-growing,  or  rather  to  open  a 
new  epoch  in  its  history,  built  upon  the  excellence  of  a  single  variety, 
and  bring-  California  an  almost  world-wide  reputation  for  her  citrus 
fruits. 

Twenty  years  ago  the  total  shipments  were  scarcely  twenty  car- 
loads. Ten  years  ago  the  total  shipments  were  approximately  four 
thousand  carloads,  or  slightly  in  excess  of  a  million  and  a  quarter 
boxes. 

Since  that  time  there  has  been  an  increase  from  year  to  year,  until 
the  output  of  1900  reached  the  vast  volume  of  eighteen  thousand  car- 
loads, or  six  and  a  half  million  boxes.  The  net  value  of  this  crop  of 
1900  has  been  conservatively  estimated  at  eight  million  dollars. 
The  crop  now  in  process  of  marketing  will  probably  reach  eig-ht 
million  boxes,  or  more  than  twenty-two  thousand  carloads,  of  which 
nearly  twenty  thousand  carloads  are  oranges. 


WASHINGTON   NAVEI.S. 


248 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


The  product  of  our  lemon  orchards,  as  well  as  of  the  orange  or- 
chards, is  steadily  increasing-,  as  new  groves  come  into  bearing,  and 
the  trees  increase  in  size  ;  and  as  the  quality  of  our  lemons  is  su- 
perior to  that  of  the  imported,  they  are  rapidly  gaining  favor  in  all 
parts  of  the  country,  and  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  with  the  main- 
tenance of  the  present  tariff  we  shall  have  all  the  markets  of  the 
country  as  soon  as  we  are  able  to  supply  their  requirements. 

The  chief  element  of  superiority  in  California  lemons  is  the  fact 
that  a  very  large  proportion  of  them  are  seedless,  or  nearly  so.  A 
recent  analysis  by  the  official  chemists  to  the  New  York  Produce  Ex- 
change shows  that  twelve  California  lemons  are  equal  in  value  to 
seventeen  imported,  of  the  same  size  and  tested  under  like  conditions. 


JUST  PIvANTKD. 


When  citrus  fruit-growing  in  California  emerged  from  the  stage  of 
experiment  and  pastime  into  that  of  profit-seeking,  the  problem 
of  markets  immediately  confronted  the  growers.  They  were  thou- 
sands of  miles  from  the  populous  centers  in  which  their  fruit 
must  find  consumers,  and  they  had  practically  no  home  market 
nor  agencies  throligh  which  they  could  convert  it  into  ready 
money  at  remunerative  figures.  It  is  true  there  were  speculators  in 
the  field,  but  their  offers  to  buy  were  at  very  low  prices,  and  only 
spasmodic  at  best.  This  is  not  strange,  as  these  speculators  were  but 
go-betweens,  and  the  markets  being  undeveloped  they  could  only 
off"er  for  the  most  part  to  take  the  fruit  on  consignment  for  the  grow- 
er's account.  If,  passing  the  speculator  by,  the  grower  sought  re- 
lief by  consigning  his  product  to  the  market  himself,  he  was  little,  if 
any,  the  gainer.  These  were  the  conditions  in  the  early  nineties, 
when  the   citrus  fruits  of  California   orchards   were   less  than  one- 


MARKETING  CALIFORNIA    ORANGES   AND   LEMONS.    249 

fourth  the  present  volume.  This  was  before  the  great  freeze  had  so 
nearly  put  Florida  out  of  the  race,  as  a  competitor,  and  with  a  rapidly 
increasing-  product,  and  uncertainty  as  to  whether  it  could  be  sold  at 
prices  to  leave  the  producers  a  profit,  the  industry  was  upon  anything- 
but  sure  footing. 

Various  expedients  were  resorted  to  for  the  betterment  of  the  con- 
ditions. Speculators  attempted  to  form  a  compact,  fixing  maximum 
prices  to  be  paid  for  fruit,  and  also  to  establish  f .  o.  b.  prices,  regu- 
late credits,  and  equalize  distribution.  Growers  and  speculators  to- 
gether sought  to  regulate  prices,  consignments,  and  other  important 
questions.  All  of  these  efforts  were  inadequate  and  ephemeral.  In 
the  very  nature  of  things  they  could  not  be  more  than  partially  suc- 
cessful, since  the  interests  of  growers  and  speculators  are  necessarily 
divergent  on  important  points.  In  several  localities  a  few  growers 
associated  themselves  to  secure  better  packing  facilities,  and  for 
mutual  protection.  In  some  instances  these  associations  marketed 
on  a  mutual  basis. 

As  a  consequence  of  these  various  efforts,  particularly  stimulated 
by  the  association  experiences,  a  large  percentage  of  the  growers 
sought  to  solve  the  vexing  problem  by  an  enlargement  of  the  asso- 
ciation idea. 

A  convention  of   growers,  held   in   I^os    Angeles   in    August,  1893, 


L,.  A.  Eng-.  Co.  Photo,  by  Summers. 

A    FlVK-YKAR-OI,D   POMEI<0    (GRAPK    FRUIT). 


250  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

formally  org-anized  the  Southern  California  Fruit  Exchange  by  the 
adoption  of  a  plan  for  marketing-,  submitted  by  Mr.  T.  H.  B.  Cham- 
blin,  of  Riverside,  and  modeled  after  plans  evolved  by  him  as  one  of 
the  org-anizers,  and  subsequently  manag-er  of  the  Pachappa  Orang-e 
Growers  Association  of  Riverside — a  pioneer  association,  organized 
several  years  earlier,  and  founded  upon  the  Exchange  idea.  So  that 
it  is  historically  correct  to  denominate  Mr.  Chamblin,  the  *'  Father 
of  the  Exchange."  Whatever  others  may  have  done,  either  in  "  pre- 
paring the  way,"  or  in  rearing  the  superstructure,  the  "plan"  was 
his. 

The  Exchange  was  founded  upon  the  theory  that  every  member  is 
entitled  to  furnish  his  pro  rata  of  the  fruit  for  shipment  through  his 
association,  and  every  association  to  its  pro  rata  of  the  various 
markets  of  the  country.  This  theory  reduced  to  practice  gives  every 
grower  his  fair  share,  and  the  average  price  of  all  markets  through- 
out the  season. 

Another  cardinal  provision  of  the  plan  was  that  all  fruit  should  be 
marketed  on  a  level  basis  of  actual  cost,  with  all  books  and  accounts 
open  for  inspection  at  the  pleasure  of  the  members.  These  broad 
principles  of  full  cooperation  constitute  the  basis  of  the  Exchange 
movement. 

Discouraged  by  the  vexing  experiences  of  a  consignment  system, 
the  growers  were  clamorous  for  an  f.  o.  b.  market.  Yielding  to  this 
demand,  although  the  plan  adopted  provided  for  establishing  agen- 
cies under  control  of  the  Exchange,  if  found  advisable  to  do  so,  the 
f .  o.  b.  method  was  employed  for  two  years. 

From  time  to  time — usually  about  twice  a  month — the  Exchange 
established  and  published  to  its  members,  the  prices  of  oranges  f .  o.  b. 
California,  with  the  result  that  fruit  held  outside  the  Exchange  was 
uniformly  quoted  and  sold  slightly  under  Exchange  prices.  In 
effect  this  was  making  a  market  first  for  the  fruit  outside — afterward 
the  Exchange,  with  a  strong  probability  that  when  the  Exchange 
did  make  sales,  the  fruit  would  be  rejected  on  arrival,  because  of 
lower  quotation  on  outside  fruit.  It  will  be  noted  that  so-called 
f.  o.  b.  sales  are  seldom  more  than  conditional  sales,  as  the  fruit  is 
forwarded  with  instructions  from  the  shipjjer  to  the  carrier  to  "allow 
inspection."  This  is  all  but  equivalent  to  saying  "  allow  rejection," 
as  that  was  so  usual  as  to  almost  constitute  the  rule.  Smarting  under 
the  bitter  experiehce  of  having  been  forced  to  allow  rebates  or  dis- 
counts to  the  extent  of  nearly  SlOO,OtX)  on  rejected  shipments  in  a 
single  season,  the  Exchange,  in  1895,  put  into  use  the  *'  selling  de- 
livered "  method,  and  proceeded  to  establish  its  own  selling  agen- 
cies in  the  great  markets  of  the  country.  Selling  delivered,  was  not 
a  departure  from  the  original  idea  of  the  founder  of  the  Exchange, 
but  the  attempt  to  sell  f.  o.  b.  was  rather  a  concession  to  the  wishes 
of  the  members. 

The  system  adopted  in  1895,  and  ever  since  adhered  to,  has  many 
points  of  great  advantage.     First  :  It  is  a  system  of  absolute  selling 


MARKETING  CALIFORNIA   ORANGES   AND    LEMONS.    251 

for  the  best  prices  obtainable  at  the  time  of  delivery.  No  fruit  is 
ever  consigned,  to  be  sold  for  account  of  the  E)xchang-e,  except  to 
auction  markets.  The  fruit  is  sold  upon  reaching-  the  markets,  and 
upon  personal  inspection  by  the  purchaser.  If  the  market  advances 
between  the  date  of  shipment,  and  that  of  arrival,  the  Exchange 
g-ets  the  advance  ;  if,  on  the  other  hand,  the  market  declines,  the  Ex- 
chang-e  is  no  worse  off,  since  the  f .  o.  b.  purchase  is  almost  invariably 
rejected  on  a  falling-  market.  As  a  rule,  conservative  dealers  prefer 
to  buy  spot  g-oods  upon  personal  examination. 

A  second  advantage  is  that  the  Exchange  operating  through  its 
own  exclusive  agencies  is  able  to  a  considerable  extent  to  both  equal- 
ize and  promote  the  distribution  of  fruit.  Its  many  salaried  agents 
are  always  in  the  markets  pushing  the  sale  of  California  oranges  and 
lemons,  whereas  the  average  broker  who  is  usually  the  selling  agent 
for  other  perishable  products,  will  neglect  oranges  whenever  the 
market  is  dull,  turning  his  attention  to  some  more  salable  commodity, 
from  which  he  can  get  a  more  nimble  brokerage. 

The  Exchange  system  is  simple,  and  quite  democratic.  The  local 
association  consists  of  a  number  of  growers  contiguously  situated. 


/.    fe 


PICKING   I^KMONS. 


252  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

who  unite  themselves  for  the  purpose  of  preparing-  their  fruit  for 
market  on  a  cooperative  basis.  They  establish  their  own  brands, 
make  such  rules  as  they  may  ag-ree  upon  for  grading-,  packing,  and 
pooling  their  fruit.  Usually  these  associations  own  thoroughly 
equipped  packing-houses. 

All  members  are  given  a  like  privilege  to  pick  and  deliver  fruit  to 
the  packing-house,  where  it  is  weighed  in  and  properly  receipted  for. 
Usually  every  grower's  fruit  is  culled,  and  thereafter  it  goes  into  the 
common  pool,  and  in  due  course  takes  its  proper  percentage  of  the 
returns. 

Any  given  brand  is  the  exclusive  property  of  the  Association  using 
it,  and  the  fruit  under  this  brand  is  always  packed  in  the  same  locality, 
and  therefore  of  uniform  quality.  This  is  of  great  advantage  in 
marketing,  as  the  trade  soon  learns  that  the  pack  is  reliable. 

There  are  more  than  seventy  associations,  covering  every  citrus 
fruit  district  in  Southern  California,  and  packing  nearly  two  hundred 
reliable  and  guaranteed  brands  of  oranges  and  lemons. 

The  several  associations  in  a  locality  unite  to  form  the  local  Ex- 
change, which  serves  as  a  medium,  and  to  a  certain  extent  as  a  buffer, 
between  the  associations  and  the  general  Exchange. 

Questions  of  purely  local  interest,  and  many  real  or  supposed 
grievances  are  disposed  of  in  the  local  Exchange,  and  through  it 
more  important  matters  reach  the  general  Exchange. 

The  Southern  California  Fruit  Exchange,  referred  to  above,  as  the 
general  Exchange,  consists  of  eleven  stockholders,  all  directors,  and 
all,  except  the  president,  selected  by  the  local  Exchanges.  In  other 
words,  the  several  local  Exchanges  designate  one  man  each  from 
their  membership,  and  he  is  elected  a  director  of  the  Southern  Cali- 
fornia Fruit  Exchange.  By  this  method,  the  policy  making  and 
govering  power  of  the  organization  remains  in  the  hands  of  the  local 
Exchanges. 

The  present  Board  of  Directors  consists  of  the  following  members: 
A.  H.  Naftzger,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.;  F.  Q.  Story,  Alhambra,  Cal.; 
G.  W.  Garcelon,  Riverside,  Cal.;  E.  F.  Van  Luven,  Colton,  Cal.;  W.  H. 
Young,  Duarte,  Cal.;  P.  J.  Dreher,  Pomona,  Cal.;  I.  W.  Brink,  Orange, 
Cal.;  F.  B.  Meriam,  Chula  Vista,  Cal.;  Frank  Scoville,  Corona,  Cal.; 
A.  P.  Harwood,  North  Ontario,  Cal.;  W.  R.  Powell,  Azusa,  Cal. 

The  additional  members  ot  the  Executive  Committee  are:  H.  E. 
Cheesebro,  Covink,  Cal.;  N.  W.  Blanchard,  Santa  Paula,  Cal.;  I.  R. 
Baxley,  Santa  Barbara,  Cal.;  C.  E.  Maude,  Riverside,  Cal. 

The  officers  are  :  A.  H.  Naftzger,  President  and  General  Manager"; 
F.  (J.  Story,  Vice-President ;  R.  H.  Wilkinson,  Secretary. 

These  Directors  and  Committeemen  represent  the  following  local 
Exchanges:  A.-C.-G.  Fruit  Exchange,  Azusa,  Cal.;  Covina  Fruit  Ex- 
change, Covina,  Cal.;'Duarte-Monrovia  Fruit  Exchange,  Duarte,  Cal.; 
Ontario-Cucamonga  Fruit  Exchange,  North|[Ontario,*Cal.;  (Orange 
County  Fruit  Exchange,  Orange,  Cal.;[Queen  Colony  FruitiExchange, 
Corona,  Cal.;  Riverside  Fruit  Exchange,  Riverside,  Cal.;  San  Antonio 


CI.KANING,    SORTING   AND   PACKING   ORANGES   IN   CAI^IFORNIA. 


DEWVKRING   THEM   AT  THR   NEW   YORK    WAREHOUSE. 


254 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


HP 

mm 

A* 

%4 

T.  H.  B.  CHAMBIJN. 
(Father  of  the  Exchange.; 


Fruit  Exchange,  Pomona, 
Cal.;  San  Bernardino  County 
Fruit  Exchange,  Colton,  Cal.; 
San  Diego  Fruit  Exchange, 
Chula  Vista,  Cal.;  Santa  Bar- 
bara Lemon  Growers  Ex- 
change, Santa  Barbara,  Cal.; 
Semi-Tropic  Fruit  Exchange, 
Ivos  Angeles,  Cal.;  N.  W. 
Blanchard,  Santa  Paula,  Cal.; 
Arlington  Heights  Fruit  Com- 
pany, Riverside,  Cal. 

By  specific  contract,  full 
power  is  vested  in  the  General 
Exchange,  to  market  all  the 
fruit  owned  or  controlled  by 
the  local  Exchanges,  and  in- 
cidentally to  devise  and  put  in 
force  such  methods  and  ma- 
chinery as  may  be  necessary 
for  the  purpose.  From  top  to 
bottom  the  organization  is 
planned,  dominated  and  in 
general  and  detail  controlled 
absolutely'  by  fruit-growers,  and  for  the  common  good  of  all  members. 
No  corporations  nor  individuals  reap  from  it  either  dividends  or  pri- 
vate gain. 

So  far  this  paper  has  dealt  almost  exclusively  with  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  Exchange,  its  cooperative  aspects,  and  general  policy  at 
home.     Equally  important  is  its  organization  in  the  markets. 

Seeking  to  free  itself  from  the  shifting  influences  of  speculative 
trading,  by  taking  the  business  out  of  the  hands  of  middlemen,  at 
home,  the  Exchange  found  it  quite  as  important  to  maintain  the  con- 
trol of  its  own  a  flairs  in  the  markets.  It  never  contemplated  the 
opening  of  either  retail  or  jobbing  houses,  but  to  put  the  fruit  into 
the  hands  of  the  legitimate  dealers  flrst-hand.  For  this  purpose  the 
Exchange  established  a  system  of  exclusive  agencies  in  all  the  prin- 
cipal cities  of  the  country,  employing  as  agents  active,  capable  young 
men  of  experience  in  the  fruit  business.  Most  of  these  agents  are 
salaried,  and  have  no  other  business  of  any  kind  to  engage  their 
attention,  and  none  of  the  Exchange  representatives  handle  any  other 
citrus  fruits.  These  agents  usually  sell  to  smaller  cities  contiguous 
to  their  headquarters. 

Overall  of  these  agencies  is  a  general  or  traveling  agent,  with 
authority  to  supervise  and  check  up  the  various  offices.  This  general 
agent  maintains  in  his  office  in  Chicago  a  complete  bureau  of  inform- 
ation, through  which  all  agents  receive  every  day  detailed  information 
as  to  sales  of  Exchange  fruit  in  all  markets  the  previous  day.     Pos- 


MARKETING    CALIFORNIA    ORANGES  AND  LEMONS.    255 

sessing-  this  data  the  selling  agent  cannot  be  taken  advantage  of  as  to 
prices.  If  any  agent  finds  his  market  sluggish,  and  is  unable  to  sell  at 
the  average  prices  prevailing  elsewhere,  he  promptly  advises  the  head 
office  in  I^os  Angeles,  and  sufficient  fruit  is  diverted  from  his  market 
to  relieve  it  and  restore  prices  to  normal  level.  Through  these  agen- 
cies of  its  own  the  Exchange  is  able  to  get  and  transmit  to  its  members 
the  most  trustworthy  information  regarding  market  conditions,  vis- 
ible supplies,  etc.  This  system  affords  a  maximum  of  good  service 
at  a  minimum  cost.  The  volume  of  the  business  is  so  large  that  a 
most  thorough  equipment  is  maintained  at  much  less  cost  to  growers 
than  any  other  selling  agency  can  offer.  For  several  years  past  the 
average  cost  of  marketing  by  the  Kxchange,  covering  all  charges  of 
every  kind  from  the  time  the  fruit  is  loaded  on  the  cars,  has  been  in 


A    TYPICAI,   ORANGK   SECTION    OF   SOUTHERN    CAr,IFORNIA. 

round  figures  three  per  cent.  Covering  a  period  of  four  years,  and 
aggregate  sales  of  over  thirteen  millions  of  dollars,  the  total  losses 
from  bad  credits  have  been  less  than  one-fortieth  of  one  per  cent 
{l-40th  of  1%).  These  facts  are  the  strongest  possible  proofs  of  con- 
servative methods. 

The  Exchange  claims  to  get  more  average  money  per  box  than  is 
obtained  for  any  other  large  quantity  of  fruit  of  like  quality  and 
grades,  and  is  willing  to  submit  this  claim  to  the  test  of  comparative 
figures. 

A  steadily  increasing  membership  and  percentage  of  the  whole 
crop  under  the  control  of  the  l^xchange  is  perhaps  the  best  proof 
that  the  system  is  in  favor  with  the  growers. 

The  Eixchange  controls  at  this  time  about  45  per  cent  of  the  crop, 
with  every  prospect  that  its  holdings  will  greatly  increase  before  the 
opening  of  another  season. 

This  cooperative  movement  is  no  longer  an  experiment.     Organ- 


256 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


they  have  adhered  to  the  single  pur- 
pose— that  of  solving  the  cooperative 
problem.  Gradually  the  system  of 
marketing,  familarlj'  called  "Selling 
Delivered"  has  gained  favor  with 
the  fruit  dealers  throughout  the 
country  until  it  has  reached  a  practi- 
cally unanimous  approval. 

It  must  be  noted  that  the  Exchange 
is  not  a  trust  in  any  sense.    It  neither 
seeks  to  control  the  production,  nor 
to  arbitrarily  fix  the  prices.     It  does, 
of  course,  undertake  as  far  as  pos- 
sible to  displace  the  competition  of 
one  grower  with  another  in  the  mat- 
ter of  marketing  by  a  simple  method 
of  cooperation.     It  insures  to  every 
grower    the     full 
reward  of  growing 
good  fruit,  and  to 
every    association 
the  benefit  of  good 
grading  and  pack- 
ing.    All  the  indi- 
cation? forecast  a 
complete  unity  of 
the     citrus    fruit- 
growers of  South- 
ern  California    in 
this    cooperative 
system  of  market- 
ing   at     an    early 
date. 


ized  upon  lines  ma- 
terially      differing 
from  any  other  co- 
operative     associa- 
tion, all  the  details 
had   to    be    worked 
out     with    extreme 
care     and    caution. 
To      have       failed 
would  have  been  to 
utterly    demoralize 
the   citrus  fruit  in- 
dustry,     as      there 
were  no  other  ade- 
quate marketing  fa- 
cilities.     Serious 
bhmders  in  the  ex- 
ecution of  the  plan 
would  have  been  al- 
most    equally    dis- 
astrous.    Naturally 
this  growers'  organization  met  very 
strenuous,    and    in    some    instances 
bitter,    opposition    from    the    specu- 
lative elements  in   the   fruit   trade. 
The  directors,  as  well  as  many  other 
growers,  deserve  great  credit  for  the 
intelligence   with  which    they  have 
grappled  with    the    difficulties   that 
presented    themselves  from  time  to 
time,  and  for  the  fidelity  with  which 


From  Oranges  to  Snow,   February,  1901 

ONE  HOUR'S  RIDE  FROM    LOS  ANGELES. 


"  COI.D    I^UNCH  "    ON    MT.    I.OWK. 


Iv.  A.  Engr.  Co. 


the;   COIvDEST   man   in   CAI^IFORNIA.        Photos,  by  F.  A.  Schnell. 


259 


PORTERVILLE. 


BY    CHAS.  AMADON    MOODY 


^y^ff  ARYEiLtOXJS  as  are  the  contributions  which  California  has 
fSliV  I  already  made  to  the  wealth — and  the  aggreg-ate  comfort 
^■^  •  and  happiness — of  the  world,  they  are  all  but  insignificant 
by  comparison  with  those  which  are  yet  to  come.  That  this  is  the 
safest  of  prophecies  will  appear  almost  at  the  outset  of  any  inquiry 
into  the  subject,  and  the  evidence  become  more  convincing  at  every 
step.  For  even  in  those  sections  which  have  been  longest  settled 
and  most  fully  developed — the  two  conditions,  by  the  way,  are  by  no 
means  invariably  coincident — the  possibilities  which  remain  com- 
monly far  exceed  those  already  utilized.     And  as  for  the  larger  part 


A   PORTERVIIvIvK   BUSINESS   STREET.      Photo,  by  Roberts. 

of  the  state,  it  is  a  conservative  use  of  words  to  saj^  that  barely 
enough  of  its  resources  have  been  turned  to  account  to  faintly  shadow 
forth  what  shall  hereafter  be. 

To  the  elect  many  who  know  and  love  California  these  truths  may 
seem  so  obvious  as  hardly  to  be  worth  recording.  The  apology  for 
here  stating  them  must  be  the  peculiar  force  and  convincingness  of 
the  evidence  in  their  favor  obtained  from  a  study  of  the  town  whose 
name  heads  this  article,  and  the  territory  tributary  to  it.  For 
Porterville  is  one  of  the  older  communities  of  the  State,  prosperous, 
ambitious  and  far  from  unprogressive.  The  record  of  her  material 
achievements  is  one  of  which  her  citizens  are  justly  proud.  Yet  the 
number    of    those    citizens    might    be    increased    tenfold    and    the 


260 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


value  of  the  annual  product  of  the  district  multiplied  by  a  much 
larg-er  factor,  still  leaving-  abundant  room  for  an  even  g-reater 
development.  It  is  the  purpose  of  this  article  to  make  clear  how 
broad  a  field  for  individual  effort  is  here  offered,  and  how  ample  are 
the  returns  which  may  be  reasonably  expected. 

Porterville  is  situated  on  the  eastern  edge  of  the  San  Joaquin  Val- 
ley, just  where  it  begins  to  rise  into  the  foothills  of  the  Sierra  Ne- 
vadas.  To  the  north,  south  and  west  lies  the  nearly  level  floor  of  the 
great  valley  ;  a  few  minutes  drive  to  the  east  takes  one  among-  the 
outposts  of  the  snowy  range.  Right  here  the  Tule  river  emerg-es 
from  its  long-  but  lively  course  among  the  mountains  to  a  more  de- 
liberate progress  throug-h  the  plain. 

Quite  apart  from  its  picturesqueness,  this  position  on  the  dividing- 
line  between  sections  of  so  widely  different  character  has  special  ad- 


A    HOMK    AMONG    THE   ORANGE   TKKKS. 

vantage,  not  only  in  the  inevitable  modification  of  climatic  and  at- 
mospheric conditions,  but  in  the  increased  variety-  of  the  industries 
which  center  there.     This  will  be  manifest  as  we  proceed. 

Porterville  is  about  275  miles  from  San  Francisco  by  rail  ;  some 
215  miles  from  Los  Angeles.  Fresno  is  70  miles  awaj'  to  the 
north,  while  Bakersfield,  with  her  rich  tributary  oil-fields,  lies  55 
miles  to  the  south.  A  division  of  the  Southern  Pacific  railroad 
passes  through  the  town,  and  the  service,  so  far  as  local  requirements 
go,  is  reasonably  satisfactory.  None  of  the  through  trains  between 
San  Francisco  and  Los  Angeles  run  by  way  of  this  division  at  pres- 
ent, but  it  is  hoped  that  the  management  will  soon  see  the  commercial 
wisdom  of  making  a  change  in  this  respect.  Certainly  there  are 
many  travelers  who  would  prefer  to  break  the  monotony  of  the  long- 
ride  through  the  level  valley  by  this  nearer  approach  to  the  superb 
mountain  range.     That  the  impressions  of  the  fertility  and  varied  re- 


PORTERVILLE. 


261 


sources  of  the  foothill 
country  which  the  pas- 
sengers must  g-ain 
would  help  somewhat 
to  its  rapid  further 
development  hardly 
needs  an  argument. 

The  citrus  fruit  in- 
dustry is  the  one  that 
naturally  comes  first  in 
writing  about  Porter- 
ville.  "Getting  a  living 
from  the  products  of 
the  soil"  can  hardly 
present  itself  in  more 
attractive  form  than 
the  ownership  and  cul- 
tivation of  an  orange 
or  lemon  orchard.  Not 
only  is  a  well  kept 
orchard  a  thing  of 
beauty  through  all  the 
changing  seasons,  and 
a  delight  to  the  esthetic 
sense,  but  the  money 
returns  in  favorable 
localities  are  larger 
from  a  given  area,  and 
(one  season  with  an- 
other) more  certain 
than  from  almost  an3' 
other  crop.  The  nat- 
ural consequence  is 
that  land  known  to  be 
in  every  way  adapted 
for  citrus  fruit  culture 
is  worth  the  very  high- 
est price — and  is  a  sat- 
isfactory investment, 
even  at  figures  that 
startle  those  not  ac- 
quainted with  the 
facts. 

Now,  since  by  far  the 
greater  part  of  the 
orange  and  lemon  crop 
of  California  is  pro- 
duced south  of  the  Te- 
hachapi,  it  will  be  a 
surprise    to    many    to 


262  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

learn  that  a  considerable  area  of  as  choice  citrus  land  as  any  in 
the  State  is  immediately  adjacent  to  Porterville.  Indeed,  there  are 
some  points  in  which  this  section  has  a  very  decided  advantage  over 
the  most  famous  orang-e-g-rowing-  districts  of  Southern  California. 
Time  was — and  not  long  since — when  such  a  statement  would  have 
been  met  with  more  or  less  polite  incredulity,  and  a  stock  jest  con- 
cerning a  shipment  of  oranges  from  the  territory  in  question  was, 
"  Where  did  they  buy  them?"  The  point  of  the  joke  was  obvious 
enough  in  1893,  when  the  shipments  of  citrus  fruits  from  Porterville 
were  but  seven  carloads  ;  it  is  effectually  dulled  this  season  by  the 
shipment  of  three  hundred  and  fifteen  carloads  from  this  point  alone. 

The  citrus  lands  of  the  Porterville  district  lie  for  the  most  part 
either  on  the  gentle  slopes  leading  up  to  the  foothills  or  in  the  pro- 
tected valleys  opening  widely  for  miles  back  among  the  hills.  The 
soil  is  generally  of  great  depth,  and  of  such  fertility  that  even  in  the 
older  orchards  the  use  of  fertilizers  has  been  very  slight.  Nor  has 
this  been  at  the  expense  of  the  trees,  as  their  strong  growth  and  con- 
tinuously profuse  yield  fully  proves.  The  Tule  river  furnishes  irri- 
gating water  to  the  land  "under  the  ditch,"  which  includes  most  of 
the  orchards.  But  "dry  years"  have  been  as  profitable  to  Porterville 
as  to  other  communities  which  were  put  to  the  inquiry  as  to  whether 
water  could  not  be  obtained  from  beneath  the  surface  of  the  ground 
to  offset  the  scarcity  on  the  surface.  The  result  here  has  been  not 
only  the  development  of  water  to  supply  every  present  requirement, 
but  the  proof  that  over  many  square  miles  an  inexhaustible  body  of 
water  will  be  struck  almost  anywhere  at  a  depth  of  from  sixty  to  one 
hundred  feet.  This  not  only  removes  any  possible  danger  of  failure  of 
the  water  supply,  but  widely  extends  the  area  adapted  to  citrus  fruits 
and  other  crops  requiring  irrigation. 

One  of  the  great  advantages  enjoyed  by  Porterville  orange-grow- 
ers is  the  early  date  at  which  the  fruit  matures,  enabling  the  bulk  of 
the  crop  to  reach  the  market  long  before  shipments  begin  to  arrive 
in  quantity  from  elsewhere.  This  season,  for  example,  the  first  car- 
load of  oranges — sweet,  well  colored  and  highly  flavored — left  Por- 
terville October  30th,  while  practically  the  entire  crop  had  been  ship- 
ped December  15th.  This  early  maturity  is  easilj-  enough  accounted 
for  by  the  higher  average  summer  temperature,  the  nights  in  par- 
ticular being  warmer  than  in  other  orange-growing  sections. 

As  to  the  quality  of  Porterville  oranges  and  lemons,  the  long  ar- 
ray of  prizes  taken  at  fairs  and  exhibitions  for  many  successive 
years  and  in  competition  with  fruit  from  every  citrus-growing  dis- 
trict in  the  State,  form  a  sufficiently  conclusive  array  of  evidence. 

With  all  these  points  to  encourage  the  raising  of  citrus  fruits,  it 
would  be  natural  to  expect  that  most  of  the  suitable  land  would  be 
already  utilized  for  that  purpose,  and  that  what  was  left  would  be 
held  for  at  least  as  high  prices  as  rule  elsewhere.  The  facts  are 
quite  otherwise.  The  total  area  of  the  citrus  orchards  in  the  territory 
strictly  tributary  to  Porterville  is  not  far  from  1200  acres — certainly 


";^<i'rtitii"'. 


PORTERVILLE. 


265 


does  not  exceed  1400.  How  many  thousands  of  acres  every  whit  as 
well  adapted  for  the  purpose  are  now  turned  to  vastly  less  profitable 
uses  cannot,  of  course,  be  stated  precisely,  but  the  figure  is  certainly 
a  larg-e  one. 

And  these  lands  can  be  bought  for  only  a  fractional  part  of  the 
price  freely  paid  for  similar  property  elsewhere.  As  good  orange 
land  as  any  in  the  State,  under  the  ditch  and  with  full  water-right, 
can  be  had  for  from  $75  to  $100  per  acre.  Land  as  good  in  every 
other  respect,  but  '"above  the  ditch"  ma3^  be  had  at  half  these 
prices,  even  when  near-by  tests'  have  demonstrated  the  reasonable 
certainty  of  developing  plenty  of  water  at  small  cost. 

As  an  illustration  of  the  wealth  which  is  created  in  the  process  of 
establishing   orange   groves  upon  such  land  there  may  be  named  a 


B»i!if".!^""".'"'"'»'»*il 

'"'  '      iimiiMi 


WHERE    WAYFARERS    FIND   WEI.COME. 


single  five  acres  of  five-year-old  orange  trees  near  Porterville,  the 
crop  from  which  this  season  sold  on  the  trees  for  $1,000.  This  is,  of 
course,  an  exceptionally  favorable  result,  and  is  not  quoted  as  a 
specimen  of  what  might  usually  be  expected.  The  ordinary  returns, 
however,  are  quite  large  enough  to  make  the  first  cost  of  the  land 
appear  insignificant  compared  with  its  value  when  so  improved. 

If  the  acreage  of  choice  citrus  lands  about  Porterville  is  large,  that 
peculiarly  adapted  to  deciduous  fruits  is  larger  still,  and  an  even 
greater  proportion  of  it  remains  undeveloped.  On  ,the  rich,  loamy 
bottom-lands,  the  peach,  apricot,  plum,  prune,  nectarine,  pear  and 
fig   flourish    and   bear   bountifully.      The   same   climatic  conditions 


266 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


which  bring-  Porterville  orang-es  to  marketable  condition  ahead  of 
those  from  most  other  sections  promote  both  early  maturity  and 
choice  quality  in  deciduous  fruits.  Yet  up  to  this  time  hardly  more 
attention  has  been  paid  to  this  branch  of  horticulture  than  enough  to 
prove  the  possibilities.  The  sufficient  character  of  the  proof  may 
be  indicated  by  referring  to  one  orchard  of  160  acres,  nearly  all 
prunes,  the  crop  from  which  sold  in  1899  for  more  than  $15,000.  The 
returns  from  another  orchard  of  the  same  size,  close  by,  set  to 
peaches,  apricots,  plums  and  prunes,  amounted  to  about  $6,000  for  the 
same  year.  At  suitable  elevations  in  the  mountain  valleys,  apples 
find  a  congenial  home. 

Altogether,  it  is  probable  that  the  area  devoted  to  deciduous  fruits 
in  the  Porterville  district  will  increase  many-fold  within  a  few  years. 
These  have  a  distinct  advantage  over  citrus  fruits  for  persons  of  limit- 


ONE   OF   THE    CHURCHES. 


ed  capital  in  the  lower  price  of  suitable  land,  the  smaller  cost  of  plant- 
ing and  cultivation,  the  lessened  need  of  irrigation  and  the  shorter 
time  required  for  bringing  them  into  bearing. 

Viticulture,  too,  tested  as  yet  only  on  a  small  scale,  gives  promise 
of  becoming  an  important  industry.  Broad  stretches  of  level  coun- 
try oifer  just  the  soils  which  the  vine  most  loves  ;  the  absence  of 
chilly  nights  and  the  steady  heat  of  the  summer  sun,  almost  unbroken 
by  clouds  or  fog,  hasten  the  ripening  of  the  grape  even  while  they 
increase  the  percentage  of  sugar  in  it  ;  and  September — the  raisin- 
drying  month — is  almost  absolutely  free  from  dew,  to  say  nothing  of 
rain,  enabling  the  curing  to  be  completed  in  the  shortest  possible 
time  and  at  the  smallest  cost. 

So  much  space  has  been  given  to  the  subject  of  fruit-raising  be- 
cause the  opportunities  for  successful  enterprise  along  that  line  seem 
broadest  and  most  varied.     As  has  been  already  intimated,  this  in- 


PORTERVILLE. 


267 


dustry  is  here  only  in  its  infancy — lusty  and  thriving-  to  be  sure — but, 
as  one  earnest  g-entleman  puts  it,  "  with  most  of  its  future  in  front 
of  it."  Two  more  primitive,  but  of  ten  hig-hly  profitable,  occupations 
— wheat-farming-  and  stock-raising-— haye  in  the  past  played  the 
major  parts.  And  so  far  are  they  from  being-  "  played  out,"  that 
conditions  in  them  were  never  more  favorable  than  in  this  present 
year  of  g-race.  Immediately  tributary  to  Porterville  are  approxi- 
mately 180,000  acres  of  grain-fields,  mainly  devoted  to  wheat.  There 
are  those  who  find  the  dead-level  of  great  wheat  fields  monotonous, 
but  one  might  travel  far  and  be  well  repaid  by  the  sight  of  mile  after 
mile  set  close  with  the  sturdy  green  blades,  framed  and  spangled  with 


AND   A    SCHOOIyHOUSE. 

such  torrents  of  wild  flowers  as  are  seen  nowhere  but  in  California. 
Nor  does  it  detract  from  the  beauty  of  the  scene  to  know  that  (present 
favorable  conditions  holding)  the  wheat  crop  of  the  district  this  year 
will  probably  sell  in  the  primary  market  for  something  like 
$3,000,000. 

The  country  about  Porterville  has  always  been  particularly  favor- 
able for  stock-raising — its  earliest  use.  The  variety  and  luxuriant 
growth  of  wild  grasses  and  grains  give  early  and  long-continued 
green  pasturage,  the  grazing  season  being  still  further  extended  by 
the  proximity  of  mountain  and  plain,  with  their  differing  conditions. 
During  the  long,  dry  season  the  uncut  grass  cures  to  a  natural  hay, 
which  gives  ample  nourishment  till  the  winter  rains  again  cover  the 


268  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


JUST   A    BITK   OF   HAY.  '    , 

fields  with  grass.  But  even  here,  the  rapidly  extending  culture  of 
alfalfa  promises  to  greatly  extend  the  business  and  improve  its  con- 
dition. For  while  the  average  requirement  of  native  pasture  land 
for  cattle  is  from  ten  to  fifteen  acres  to  the  head,  a  single  acre  of 
alfalfa  will  abundantly  feed  three  or  four  head  during  nine  months 
of  the  year,  and  a  small  additional  [area  will  furnish  hay  to  carrj' 
them  through  the  remaining  three  months. 

The  same  factor,  too,  has  given  a  fillip  to  the  comparatively  neg- 
lected dairying  industr3%  which  now  offers  excellent  opportunities. 
A  creamery  has  lately  been  built  near  the  town,  and  is  already  doing 
a  considerable  business,  with  both  facilities  for  and  expectations  of 
a  rapid  increase. 

Manufacturing  has  made  but  slight  progress  in  Porterville,  the 
excellently  equipped  flouring  mill,  with  a  daily  capacity  of  sixty 
barrels,  being  its  most  important  representative.  A  smelter  is  now 
being  built  at  the  edge  of  the  town  to  convert  into  commercial  prod- 
ucts an  extensive  and  valuable  deposit  of  magnesite,  long  known  to 
exist,  but  only  now  coming  into  use.  Available  water  power,  crude 
oil  for  fuel  at  near-by  points,  and  the  electric  energy  supplied  at  rea- 
sonable rate  by  the  Mt.  Whitney  Company,  offer  a  choice  of  motive 
power  for  further  development  in  this  direction. 

The  mineral  resources  in  the  vicinity  of  Porterville  have  been 
barely  nibbled  at.  Some  attention  has  been  paid  to  gold  mining, 
both  placer  and  quartz,  for  man^'  years,  but  not  on  a  considerable 
scale.  There  are  evidences  of  an  important  body  of  copper  ore,  some 
twenty  miles  back  in  the  mountains,  and  it  is  reported  that  this  will 
soon    be    thoroughly   exploited.     The    proved   oil   belt   is   extending 


270 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


steadily  nearer  to  Porterville,  and  the  meaning-  of  favorable  indica- 
tions which  may  bring-  it  still  closer  is  about  to  be  carefully  tested. 

The  rug-ged  and  broken  mountain  country  which  commences 
almost  at  the  doors  of  Porterville,  and  stretches  for  mile  after  mile, 
g-rowing-even  wilder  and  more  precipitous,  right  up  to  the  loftiest  and 
most  imposing-  peaks  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  have  been  only  slig-htly 
"prospected"  in  search  of  minerals.  That  they  will  disclose  stores  of 
such  wealth  is  probable  enough.  But  no  discoveries  of  that  nature 
can  possibly  compare  in  importance  with  the  value  of  that  mig-hty 
barrier  to  the  dwellers  on  the  plain.  It  is  the  storehouse  in  which  the 
snow  and  rain  of  winter  are  conserved  for  thirsty  summer  days. 
From  its  forests  of  redwood  and  pine  and  oak  come  the  cooling-, 
spicy  breezes  that  freshen  and  vivify  the  heated  air  of  the  valley. 

The  sportsman  can  find  there  deer  and  bear  and  other  game  a- 
plenty  ;  the  streams  are  well  stocked  with  trout ;  while  if  any  better 
places  have  been  discovered  in  which  one  who  is  weary  of  well-doing 
may  just  "loaf  and  invite  his  soul,"  the  fact  is  not  of  record  in  the 
office  of  any  county  clerk.  There  are  medicinal  springs  whose  vir- 
tues rival  those  of  many  a  far-famed  resort ;  there  ai-e  hot  springs, 
at  whose  touch  rheumatism  and  kindred  ailments  hasten  away  ;  and 
innumerable  cold  springs  with  no  virtue  at  all  except  the  incom- 
parable one  of  supplying  bountifully  just  clear,  pure  water.  There 
are  great  groves  of  the  Giant  Sequoia,  and  forests  of  the  stately 
sugar  pine,  and  sheltered  grassy  slopes  where  alpine  flowers  run 
riot. 


AMON'J  THE   FOREST  GIANTS. 


2/2  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

But  there  is  no  need  of  cataloguing^  the  myriad  fascinations  of  the 
mountains.  The  point  to  be  made  here  is  that  one  day's  easy  ride 
from  the  fertile  lands,  described  in  these  lines,  brings  one  into  the 
heart  of  them.  If  summer  heat  is  found  uncomfortable,  therefore — 
dangerous  or  unbearable  it  never  is-  -the  way  of  escape  is  an  easy 
one. 

The  purpose  of  this  article  has  been  to  indicate,  as  accurately  as 
may  be  and  erring,  if  at  all,  on  the  side  of  conservatism,  the  present 
resources  and  probable  line  of  development  of  the  Porterville  dis- 
trict. No  doubt  can  remain  in  the  mind  of  anyone  who  will  take  the 
pains  to  investigate  the  facts  that  it  is  one  of  the  most  promising 
sections  even  of  regal  California. 

The  town  of  Porterville  itself  does  not  differ  greatly  from  other 
well  ordered  and  progressive  communities  of  its  size.  One  need  not 
insist  upon    its  churches,  its  schools,  its  fraternal  organizations,  its 


"its  prosperous  bank. 


volunteer  fire  department,  its  comfortable  hotel,  its  prosperous  bank, 
its  charming  homes,  or  its  well  stocked  business  houses.  These  are 
there,  of  course.  Nor  need  one  dwell  longer  upon  the  endless  charms 
and  healthfulness  of  California's  climate  than  to  say  that  Porterville 
has  its  fair  share., 

The  point  which  it  is  desired  to  press  home  is  that  there  is  need  of 
and  oportunity  for  both  men  and  capital  —the  quality  of  the  men 
being  of  more  importance  than  the  quantity  of  the  capital— to  co- 
operate in  developing  the  resources,  and  in  doing  so  to  win  prosperity', 
while  all  the  time  surrounded  by  delightful  conditions  of  living.  If 
any  reader  wi.shes  more  detailed  information,  it  can  be  obtained  by 
addressing  the  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Trade,  Porterville,  Tulare 
county,  California. 


Snap  Shots. 


STEMMING    FROM    THE   ENEMY.  Photo,  by  Schnell. 


««« 


STII^WVATER    BOATING   AT  TEKMINAI,  ISI.AND. 
San  Pedro  Inner  Harbor. 


OPINIONS  REGARDING  THE  LAND  OF  5UN5HINE. 

"  Constituents  and  associates  who  dissent  from  Mr.  Lummis's  vig^orous  and 
somewhat  unsparing-  utterances  may  yet  respect  his  courage  and  his  honesty,  and 
find  their  compensation  in  seeing-  their  region  accredited  by  him  with  furnishing* 
the  best  that  the  Pacific  Coast  has  to  offer  in  the  periodical  literature  of  the  time. 
He  has  rendered  them  the  immeasurable  service  of  giving^  them  a  voice,  and  one 
that  is  listened  to  with  respect  and  interest  in  all  parts  of  the  country.  We  are 
glad  to  note  the  constant  improvement  in  the  number  and  quality  of  the  illustra- 
tions of  this  magazine,  and,  by  no  means  last,  the  evidences  of  increasing  pros- 
perity shown  in  its  advertising  pages." — The  Dial,  Chicago. 


Gbo.  Edwakd  Reed,  Pennsylvania  State  Library,  Howard  B.  Hartswick, 

State  Librarian.  harrisburg.  Norman  D.  Gray, 

Ass't  Librarians. 

Land  of  Sunshing  Pub.  Co.,  Jan.  16,  1901. 

Ivos  Angeles,  Cal. 

Gentlemen  :  Yours  of  the  9th  inst.  is  received.  The  publication  Land  of 
Sunshine  has  been  regularly  received  in  this  Library  during  the  past  six  years. 
The  comment  of  The  Dial  which  you  enclose  thoroughly  conforms  to  our  opinion, 
and  I  take  pleasure  in  directing  the  gentleman  who  attends  to  our  subscriptions 
to  forward  subscription  price  for  the  same.     Very  truly  yours, 

Geo.  Edward  Reed. 

The  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Railway  System. 
Great  Northern  Building,  77  Jackson  St.,  Chicag-o. 

Chicago,  February  4th,  1901. 

In  response  to  the  Land  of  Sunshine's  polite  and  suggestive  note  of  January 
1st,  I  send  j'ou  herewith  express  money  order  for  $1.00  to  renew  my  subscription 
to  the  magazine  for  the  year  1901. 

It  may  please  you  to  learn  of  a  little  circumstance  which  I  will  relate.  Several 
months  ago,  on  my  return  from  one  of  my  eastern  trips,  my  wife  spoke 
to  me  in  rather  a  deprecating  way  of  something  that  had  happened  during  my 
absence.  The  children  had  taken  an  independent  vote  in  regard  to  the  renewal 
of  magazines  for  the  year  1901,  and  decided  that  they  were  willing  to  dispense 
with  all  except  the  Youth's  Companion  and  the  Land  of  Sunshine.  I  might  add 
that  there  are  a  good  many  children,  and  there  were  a  good  many  magazines 
taken  last  year  and  in  previous  years.  I  promptly  informed  my  wife  that  I  was 
more  pleased  than  otherwise. 

I  do  not  mind  your  using  this  as  an  item  in  your  next  issue,  if  you  choose, 
but  please  don't  mention  my  name.     Yours  very  truly, 


Frank  Fowler, 

Supervisor,  Town  of  East  Flshkill. 

Stokmville,  N.  Y.,  February  2nd,  1901. 

I  am  in  receipt  of  your  annual  notice  "  that  my  time  has  come,"  and  will  say 
candidly  that  I  am  glad  of  it,  as  I  never  paid  out  a  dollar  in  my  life  with  such 
supreme  satisfaction  as  I  do  for  the  Land  of  Sunshine  ;  and  as  the  amount  is  so 
infinitesimal  that  I  always  feel  as  though  I  was  stealing  it  when  it  comes.  The 
phraseology  of  your  reminder  was  so  unique  and  original  that  I  feel  it  requires 
more  than  passing  notice  and  the  mere  enclosure  of  a  cold  dollar.  I  am  in  love 
with  your  city,  having  visited  it  and  made  my  home  at  the  Hollenbeck.  I  always 
said  Los  Angeles  was  the  Garden  of  Eden,  and  that  when  I  died  I  wanted  to  be 
buried  there.  To  show  to  you  how  much  I  think  of  your  publication,  I  will  say 
that  I  have  each  volume  bound  in  leather,  and  I  assure  you  that  I  will  always  be 
a  subscriber  to  the  Land  of  Sunshine  so  long  as  it  is  under  such  able  manage- 
ment, and  wish  for  it  and  yourselves  a  very  long  and  prosperous  life.  Enclosed  I 
hand  you  the  dollar  with  pleasure,  which  I  wish  safe  to  hand,  and  remain,  with 
regards,  yours  very  truly,  Fkank  Fowlek. 

Laguna  de  Tache  Rancho, 

Laton,  Cal.,  Nov.  19,  1900. 

Gentlemen  :  ...  In  this  connection  we  wish  to  say  that  our  adv.  in  the  Land 
OF  Sunshine  has  brought  us  many  returns  from  all  over  the  U.  S.,  and  we  con- 
sider it  one  of  the  best  mediums  that  we  are  at  present  using.  It  brought  us  the 
inclosed  letter  from  New  Zealand.     Yours  truly,  Nakes  &  Saundeks. 


^ 


Oil   in   California. 

>HK  fact  has  been  well  demonstrated  that  the  oil  belt  of  California  extends 
from  the  northern  to  the  southern  boundary  of  the  State. 

A  g-lance  at  the  map  of  California  reveals  to  the  eye  a  State  composed 
of  fifty-nine  counties,  several  of  which  are  larger  than  many  of  the 
Kastern  States.  Kern  county  contains  as  many  thousand  square  miles  as  the 
State  of  Massachusetts  ;  Los  Angeles  county  is  1500  square  miles  larger  than  the 
State  of  Delaware,  and  San  Bernardino  county  is  larger  than  New  Jersey,  Rhode 
Island,  Connecticut  and  Delaware  combined. 

The  State  of  California  is  770  miles  in  length  and  375  miles  in  width,  and  it 
forms  a  vast  store-house  for  mineral  and  oil  deposits. 

Oil  is  being  produced  on  the  Mattole  river,  in  Humboldt  county,  near  the  north- 
ern boundary  line,  and  in  San  Diego  county,  near  the  southern  boundary  line  of 
the  State,  and  at  intervals  of  every  few  hundred  miles,  and  frequently  at  in- 
tervals of  every  dozen  miles  in  all  of  the  great  country  lying  between  these  two 
points.  Notwithstanding  this,  it  is  estimated  that  the  area  of  well  developed 
territory,  in  the  State  of  California,  would  not  exceed  5,000  acres.  From  this 
small  amount  of  oil  land  was  derived  a  production  of  over  three  and  one-half 
million  barrels  of  oil  during  the  year  1900,  which  netted  the  producers  about  one 
dollar  per  barrel. 

The  past  twelve  months  has  made  great  changes  in  the  valuation  of  land  in 
many  localities,  and  a  general  scramble  for  good  oil  land  has  engaged  the  time 
and  attention  of  thousands  throughout  the  State. 

"With  the  discovery  of  new  fields  and  the  excitement  caused  by  the  sudden 
change  from  poverty  to  wealth  of  many  engaged  in  the  pursuit  of  oil,  came  the 
organization  of  numerous  stock  companies,  for  the  purpose  of  exploration  and 
development.  Many  of  these  have  acquired  lands  known  to  contain  oil,  which 
are  located  within  easy  access  to  transportation,  while  others  have  only  lands  of 
doubtful  character,  and  so  cut  off  from  communications  with  railroads,  by 
mountains,  that  the  expenditure  of  enormous  capital  would  be  required  to  place 
machinery  upon  the  ground  and  to  convey  the  oil  to  market  should  any  be  de- 
veloped. For  this  reason,  those  who  contemplate  an  investment  in  stock  should 
note  carefully  the  location  of  the  oil  lands  of  the  Company  with  reference  to  oil 
pipe  lines  connecting  the  locality  with  ocean  transportation,  and  with  reference 
to  railways  and  developed  property. 

While  it  is  well,  other  things  being  equal,  that  men  of  standing  are 
managing  the  company,  the  mere  fact  that  they  are  all  "influential  business 
men"  in  their  own  community  is  a  vastly  poorer  guarantee  of  success  in  obtain- 
ing oil  than  would  be  the  ownership  of  proven  oil  territory  by  a  company  headed 
only  by  honest,  industrious  men,  who  may  as  yet  not  have  become  notorious  for 
great  business  sagacity. 

Millions  of  dollars  will  be  made  by  those  investing  in  California  oil  within 
the  next  twelve  months.  The  oil  fields  are  so  extensive  that  the  amount  of  local 
capital  is  entirely  inadequate  to  develop  even  a  small  portion  of  their  wonderful 
resources,  and  Eastern  money  is  rapidly  coming  to  the  rescue. 

Instances  are  numerous  of  money  invested  in  oil  stock  doubling  within  three 
months,  and  oil  lands  have  risen  in  value  very  rapidly. 

Three  years  ago  the  writer  was  ofl'ered  land,  not  then  known  to  contain  oil,  at 
$4  per  acre  that  today  could  not  be  borght  for  $5,000  per  acre,  without  develop- 
ment work.  A  farmer  in  Kern  county  who  traded  thirty  cows  for  240  acres  of 
land  recently  sold  20  acres  of  the  same  for  $60,000,  and  has  realized  $376,000  from 
his  cow  trade  by  selling  the  land.  Two  Los  Angeles  men,  starting  without 
capital  only  four  years  ago,  are  today  worth  over  $6,000,000,  made  entirely 
through  their  operations  in  California  oil.  $100  invested  in  the  stock  of  a 
California  oil  company  in  less  than  two  years  netted  a  young  man  over  $30,000 
clear  profit.  These  are  but  a  few  of  many  similar  cases  of  quick,  large  returns 
that  have  been  realized  on  small  investments  in  California  oil,  and  the  end  is 
not  yet.  CIvINTon  Johnson. 

The  Imperial  Consolidated  Oil  Company 

offers  exceptional  inducements  to  investors  in  oil  stock* 
Ground-floor    prices.     You    make    all    there    is    in    it. 

INDEMNITY  BONDS  COVERING  EVERY  DOLLAR  INVESTED 

YOU  RUN  NO  RISK. 

2000  acres  of  rich  oil  land  to  develop.     You  will  g-et  larg-e,  permanent  dividends.      Development 
work  already  beffun.     Send  today  for  full  particulars. 

Imperial  Consolidated  Oil  Co..  3i9  Laughlin  Bldg.^  Los  Angfcles,  Cal. 


nrhe     Land     of     Sunshine 

PUBWSHKD    MONTHIyY    BY 

Tine  Land  of  Sunalnine  F»ut>lialning  Co. 

( INCORPORATED ) 

Rooms  5,  7,  9  ;    121>^  South  Broadway,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  U.  S.  A. 


HEADS   OF   DEPARTMENTS 
C.  M.  Davis       -  -  -        Gen.  Manager 

Chas.  F.  Lummis  -  -  -    Editorial 

F.  A.  Pattee  -  -  -  Business 

Chas.  A.  Moody  -  -         Subscription 

P.  A.  ScHNELL         -  -  -     News  Stand 

SUBSCRIPTION  RATES 
$1   a  year  in   the  United   States,  Canada   and 

Mexico. 
$1.50  a  year  to  other  countries  in  the  Postal 

Union. 

Entered  at  the  Los  Ang-eles  Postoffice  as  second- 
class  matter. 

A  Climax  Solar  Heater  on  your  roof  will  not 
only  save  the  discomfort  of  a  fire  in  the  house 
during-  warm  weather,  but  save  fuel  expense 
and  provide  hot  water  at  any  hour  of  the  day 
or  nig-ht.  A  sample  is  on  exhibition  at  125  S. 
Broadway,  Los  Antreles. 


A  New  Oil  Field 

is  being-  established  not  far  from  Randsburg- 
by  the  Dry  Lake  Oil  Co.,  and  other  Los  An- 
g-eles corporations. 


Good  News  from  Hemet.  The  water  in 
Hemet  reservoir,  a  week  ag-o,  was  reported  as 
being-  64' feet  at  the  dam,  and  rising-  at  the  rate 
of  three  feet  a  week.  Should  the  mountains 
back  of  the  reservoir  g-et  their  usual  quota  of 
spring-  rains  the  reservoir  will  be  full  to  over- 
flowing- by  the  time  the  irrig-ation  season— about 
April  season— opens.  We  heartily  congratulate 
the  Hemet  people  on  their  cheering-  prospects.— 
Redlands  Citrograph. 


The  Hemet  Land  Company  offer  special  re- 
duced R.  R.  rates  from  Los  Ang-eles  to  Hemet, 
to  those  desiring-  to  see  their  lands. 


Petroleum  Versus  Petroleum. 

N  analysis  by  the  well  known  analytical  chemists,  J.  M.  Curtis  &  Son  of 
San  P^rancisco,  of  the  product  from  the  white  oil  gusher  struck  by  the 
New  Century  Co.,  of  this  city,  in  the  Placerita  Canon,  near  Newhall,  Cal., 
makes  the  following  showing  : 

Petroleum  ether 3.66  per  cent 

Gasoline 14.83  per  cent 

Naphtha 30.33  per  cent 

Benzine 17.67  percent 

Lig-ht  kerosene 23.33  per  cent 

Heavy  kerosene 10.00  per  cent 

LubricatinfiT  oil None 

Residuum 18  per  cent 

Total 100.00 

Specific  gravity  at  60  degrees  Pah.,  .79918. 

Equivalent  to  45.14  degrees  Baume. 

A  letter  accompanied  the  statement  from  the  chemists,  which  reads  as  follows : 

GenTLKMBN  :  For  refining  purposes  the  oil  would  be  divided  into  three  groups  : 
First,  petroleum  ether  and  gasoline.  Second,  naphtha  and  benzine.  Third, 
the  light  and  heavy  kerosene.  We  have  no  personal  knowledge  of  the  commer- 
cial value  of  such  oils  when  refined,  but  we  are  informed  by  a  friend  who  is  in 
the  business  that  the  market  today  for  the  first  group  is  14.5  cents  per  gallon ; 
second  group  14  cents  ;  third  group  12  cents.  Yours  truly, 

J.  M.  Curtis  &  Son. 

Its  value  may  be  closely  estimated  as  follows  : 

Petroleum   ether  and  gasoline    comprising- 18.49  per  cent,  ®  14}4c  a  g-al. -2.681c  a  g-al. 

Naphtha  and  benzine comprising-  48.00  per  cent,  @  14    c  a  g-al. -6.720c  a  g-al. 

Liffht  and  heavy  keroseiie comprising  33.33  per  cent,  @  12    c  a  rral.-3.999c  a  g-al. 

Or  a  total  comprisinar  99.82  per  cent, 13.40c  a  g-al. 

42  irals.  to  the  barrel  <§>  13  2-5c  a  B^al.-$S.63  a  barrel. 

Thus  we  have  in  this  case  a  demonstrated  value  five  times  that  of  the  ordinary 
California  product  which  has  made  so  many  fortunes. 


California  Souvenir    Playing   Cards 

Fifty-two  beautiful  half-tone  engravings  of  world  famous  California  scenery. 
Backs  carry  design  of  State  Seal,  surrounded  by  California  poppies.  Double 
enameled  and  highly  polished.     Large  indexes  in  corners  make  them  suitable  for 

i:iX'fe.tt"b^^^^£r;:o\Ur  -^^        FRED  S.  GIFFORO,  Palo  Wto,  Cal. 


ANYl/n    TUCATDIPII     PHI  11    PDFIN    Pi'c^^"^^  early  wrinkles.     It  is  not  a  freckle  coating;   it  re- 


\    9/ 


>N    k 


S?d 


A     <^ 


W- 


From  ^^^^^^iH 
one  end  ^    .^ 
g^tne  tmiii 
to  the  other^ 

train  crew  and  passengers  alike  measure 

the   moments   with  every   assurance    of  '~oj\ 

accuracy  and  precision  by  means  of 

Elgin 

The  World's  Standard. 

Specially  constructed  for  railroad  men's  use,  they  are 
full  ruby  jeweled,  fully  adjusted  to  temperature  and  all 
positions  and  meet  the  watch  inspection  service  re- 
quirements in  every  particular. 

All  jewelers  sell  Elgin  watches. 
Send  for  free  booklet  on  Elgin  Railway  Watches. 

ELGIN  NATIONAL  WATCH  CO.,  Elgin,  III. 


W'atches 


t 


K 


Q 


fJ^l 


'-^0^ 


The  Wonderful  Pianola*** 


The  Pianola  is  wonderful  in  more 
ways  than  one.  It  makes  the  piano  a 
more  interesting-  instrument,  and 
makes  it  accessible  to  hundreds  of 
thousands  of  people  who  cannot  use  it 
today.  It  has  a  touch  so  much  like  a 
human  being-  that  it  cannot  be  dis- 
tinguished from  the  human  touch.  It 
can  give  force,  quality,  expression, 
and  play  with  65  fingers  instead  of  10. 
Its  capacity  is  beyond  the  human 
capacity.  We  have  the  Pianola  on  exhibit  every  day,  and  visit- 
ors are  always  welcome. 

Southern  California  Music  Co*^ 

2 16-2  J  8  West  Third  Street,  Bradbttr-y-  Buildingf,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


HilmoiPl   RpAC.   til   Hn    fiirnleh   hA«t   haln       "KMi   W     SArniifi   St       TaI.    Main    ^Wk 


MISCELLANEOUS 


^=-°©?g 


Advertise  Successfully 

Fop  Maii^  Order  Business 

Sendfiormy  ADVERTISER'S  POCKET  GUIDB  of  money. 
>'~^  niakinp  lists  of  lead- 
■f^rW^ng  dailies,  weeklies 
■  ■■  n."  &  I  land  montlilies.      The 

*'  ""     \  '(J /key  to  the  best  known 

y^~f/  mediums.  Valuable 
^^"'^  and  interesting^  to  b©. 
^nners;  Sent  Free.  RUDOIiPH  GVBIVTHKR, 
Newspaper  and  Magazine  advertising  lOO  FultOH 
Street,  Mew  York. 


"DON'T  GAP"  9:t-« 

skirt  and  waist 
together.  Every  woman  that  sees  it  will  buy 
one  or  more.  Live  ag-ents  wanted,  male  or 
female.  Sells  for  25c.  Salesman's  complete 
outfit  free.     SUPERIOR  CO..  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

#»  M  ^n  O  PA'->'  J5'-°<S''4  J "S I  N  ESS.     Fngr.,™  StyU. 


LADIES  !  Send  10  cents  for  dozen  "Little  Beauty" 
Plus.  Sure  to  please  or  money  refunded.  Em- 
press Co.,  Dept.  F.,  Box  1481,  Boston,  Mass. 


Beautiful  Bust 

Guaranteed. 

CORSIQUE  positively 
fills  out  all  hollow  and 
scrawny    places,    de- 
velopes  and  adds  per- 
fect shape  to  the 
whole       form 
wherever     de- 
ficient. 


GUARANTEED 


Comique  putiltively 
enlarges  KuHt.  It  is 
the  Original  Trench 
Form  and  Bust  Developer  and  Never  Falls. 


DEVELOP 


ANY  BUST 

or  Money  Refunded. 


Send  2  cent  stamp  for  booklet  showing  a  per- 
fectly developed  form,  with  full  instructions 
how  to  become  beautiful.     Write  to-day. 

Madame  Taxis  Toilet  Co. 

63d  and  Monroe  Ave.     Dept.  12, 

Chicago,  III. 


SEND  NO   MONEY-but 

order  any  of  our  8ewiii|c  Machines  sent  C.  O.  D..  on  30 
days'  trial.  If  you  don't  find 
.them  superior  to  any  other 
offered  at  the  same  or  higher 
prices  or  are  dissatisfied  lor 
any  reason,  return  them  at  our 
expense  and  we  refund  your 
ley  aiKl  freight  charges.  For 
#10.50  we  can  sell  you  a  better 
machine  than  those  advertised 
elsewhere  at  higher  price,  but  we 
would  ratherseil  you  better  Quality 
[and  (ilve  Satisfaction.  Our  ele- 
tj-ant  Arlington  Jewel. drop  head, 
i)il2.r>0.  <liir\o.  a  Kail  Iteurtnir  Arlington,  5  drawer, 
drop  head,  i)t  15.45.  Write  for  large  illustrated  cata- 
logue FRKE.  CASH  BUYERS'  UNION,  <  Inc.) 
158-164  \V.  Van  IJurenJSt.,   11-452,   Chicago 


DON'T  READ  THIS 


unless  you  want 
to  take  advant- 
age of  this  wonderful  offer,  "Chicago's  WelcoMe 
visitor,"  a  monthly  mag-azine  of  short  stories, 
poems,  jokes,  sketches  and  other  interestinir 
and  instructive  reading-  matter,  for  only  20c  a 
year,  provided  you  send  in  your  subscription 
today.  Address  Chicago's  Welcome  Visitok, 
393  S.  Troy  St.,  Chicagro,  111. 


SCHOOL 
OF 


NURSING 


INSTRUCTION  BY  MAIL  ONLY. 


A  thoroug^h  and  complete  course  of  study.  Yoo 
can  become  a  trained  nurse  by  studying  In  your 
leisure  hours  at  home.  We  furnish  everything. 
Handsome  Diploma  when  you  graduate.  Bx- 
perienced  teachers.  Long  established.  Students 
all  pleased  and  successful.  Moderate  fees.  Write 
for  catalogue,  which  is  sent  free. 

National  Correspondence  School  of  Nurs- 
ine,  Masonic  Temple;  Minneapolis^ 
Minn. 


50    YEARS' 
EXPERIENCE 


Trade  Marks 
Designs 
Copyrights  Ac. 

Anyone  sending  a  sketch  and  description  may 
quickly  ascertain  our  opinion  free  whether  an 
Invention  Is  probably  patentable.  Ccmmiunlca- 
tlons  strictly  confidential.  Handbook  on  Patents 
sent  free.  Oldest  agency  for  securing  patents. 

Patents  taken  through  Munn  &  Co.  receive 
special  notice,  without  charge.  In  the 

Scientific  Jfitierican. 

A  hnndsonioly  llinstratod  weekly.  Largest  cir- 
culuMon  of  any  solentitlc  Journal.  Terms.  $3  a 
year;  four  months,  $1.   Sold  by  all  riewsdenlers. 

MUNN  &Co.""«""'-' New  York 

Branch  Office.  626  F  St.,  Washington,  D.  C. 


Ramona  Toilet  ^o  A  p 


FOR 
EVERYWHEF?E 


vgci^.,,^ir  (i^ 


EDUCATIONAL 


POMONA  COLLEGE 


Claremont, 
California. 


Courses  leading  to  degrees  of  B.A.,  B.S..  and 
B.  L.  Its  degrees  are  recognized  by  Univer- 
sity of  California,  Sianford  University,  and 
all  the  Eastern  Universities. 

Also  preparatory  School,  fitting  for  all 
Colleges,  and  a  School  of  Music  of  high 
grade.       Address, 

FRANK  li.  FERGUSON,  President 

THE  CHAFFEY  SCHOOL  ??:r  oa,. 

Most  healthful  and  beautiful  location.  Well 
endowed.  Prepares  for  any  university.  Teach- 
ing or  business  Fally  accredited  by 
State  University. 

GIRLS  trained  for  the  liome  and  society  hy  cultured  ladv  teacli- 
ers  at  Elm  Hall.     Special  teacher  in  domestic  economy. 

BOYS  developed  in  manly  qualities  aud  business  habits  by 
gentlemen  teachers  at  West  Hall.     Individual  attention. 

Piano  and  Voice,  resident  teachers,  highest  standards. 

niustrated  cata  ogue.  DEAN  WILLIAM  T.  RANDALL. 

LASELL    SEMINARY 

FOR 

YOUNG    WOMEN 

Auburndale,  Mass. 

"  In  your  walking  and  sitting  so  much  more 
erect;  in  your  general  health;  in  your  conver- 
sation; in  your  way  of  meeting  people,  and  in 
Innumerable  ways,  I  could  see  the  benefit  you 
are  receiving  from  your  training  and  associa- 
tions at  Lasell.  All  this  you  must  know  is  very 
gratifying  to  me." 

So  a  father  wrote  to  his  daughter  after  her 
Christmas  vacation  at  home.  It  is  unsolicited 
testimony  as  to  Lasell's  success  in  some  im- 
portant lines. 

Those  who  think  the  time  of  their  daughters 
is  worth  more  than  money,  and  in  the  quality 
of  the  conditions  which  are  about  cl:em  during 
school-life  desire  the  very  best  that  the  East 
can  oflFer,  will  do  well  to  send  for  the  illus- 
trated catalogue. 

C.  C.  BRAODON,  Principal 


The   Harvard   School 

(MILITARY) 

LOS    ANGELES,    CAL. 

An  Eng-lish  Classical  Boarding- and  Day  School 
for  Boys. 

GRENVILIvE  C.  EMERY,  A.  B., 
Head  Master. 

Reference  :  Chas.  W.  Eliot,  LLr.  D.,  President 

Harvard  University. 
Hon.  Wm.  P.  Frye,  Pres't  pro  tern.  U.  S.  Senate. 


Occidental  College 

LOS  ANGKLES.  CAL. 

Three  Courses:     classical,  uterary, 

Scientific,  leading  to  degrees  of  A.  B.,  B.  L.,  and 
B.  S.     Thorougrh  Preparatory  Department. 

First  .semester  began  September  26,  1900. 

Address  the  President, 

Kev.  Guy  W.  Wadsworth. 

PASADENA 

124    S.    EUCLID    AVENUE 

MISS  ORTON'S   BOARDING  AND 

DAY  SCHOOIi  FOR  GIRIiS. 

Vew  Buildings.  Gymnasium.  Special  care  of 
health.  Entire  charge  taken  of  pupils  during 
school  year  and  summer  vacation.  Certificate 
admits  to  Kastern  Colleges.  11th  year  began 
October  1, 1900.  * 


Formerly  Casa  de  Rosas. 


GIRLS'  COLLEGIATE  SCHOOL 


Adams  and  Hoover  Sts. 
Iios  Angeie«i,  Cal. 


Alice  K.  Parsons,  B.A., 
Jeanne  W.  Dennen, 

Principals. 


The  Brownsberger  Home  School 

SHORTHAND  AND  TYPEWRITING 
90:i  South   Broadway.        Tel.  Blue  7051. 

7n  Latest  Model  Typewriters  owned  by  this 
'^  institution.  Only  individual  work.  Ma- 
chine at  home  free.  Hours  8:30  to  12:30,  and 
1:30  to  4:30.  The  only  school  on  the  Coast  doing- 
practical  oflBce  work.  Evening-  school  every 
evening-.    Send  for  handsome  new  catalogue. 

College  of  Immaculate  Heart 

Select  boarding  School 
FOR  Young  Ladies 

For  particulars  address  Sister  Superior, 
Pico  Heights,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


.       .. 


212    Szi£BST    THIRD    STHBET 


is  the  oldest  established,  has  the  largest  attendance,  and  is  the  best  equipped 
business  college  on  the  Pacific  Coast.     Catalogue  and  circulars  free. 


Reliable  help  promptly  furnished.    Nummel  Bros.  &  Co.    Tel.  Main  509 


FOR  THE  TABLE 


Maier  &  Zobelein 
Brewery 

LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 


BOTTLED    BEER 

For  Family  use  and  Export  a  specialty. 

A  pure,  wholesome  beverage,  recommended  by 
prominent    physicians. 

OFFICE,    440   ALISO  STREET 

TELEPHONE    M    91 


BROMANCEION 


tOMANJSEI-0« 

^oilingWate^ 

ITHINGMORE 


SIP^^S^^   IN  STAMPS 
FOR  FREE  SAMPLE  AND 
ILLUSTRATED  BOOKLET| 

iTERN  8vSAALBER6.NEw)i)Pa 


Pacific  Coast  Biscuit  Co. 


213-215  North  Los  Angeles  Street 
LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 

Manufacturers  of  the    ...    C^ClCDra^tcd 

Portland  Crackers 


I    THE  BEST  SODA  CRACKERS  EVER  MADE 


W^^s^r- 


INVESTMENTS 


^^=^-©1^' 


ORANGE  AND    LEMON 
GROVES 

The  most  profitable  varieties  on  the  best  soil,  in\^  ^/\ 


the  finest  condition.     I  have   more   than   I   want   to 


^U 


NOW  PAYING  A  GOOD 

INCOME  ON  PRICE 

REQUIRED. 


1 

1 

M 

%. 

m 

><et     * 

F-v 

•H 

WILL  PAY  A  BETTER 

INCOME  AS  TREES 

GET  OLDER. 


take  care  of,  and  will  sell  part  in  ten-acre  tracts  at  prices 
^•^  X  below  present  conservative  values.     Write  me  for  y    ^ 
^^^w  particulars.    Better  yet,  come  and  see  property.  ^^  ^S^ 


A.  P.  GRIFFITH,  Azusa,  Gal. 


E.  C.  JUDSON,  REAL  ESTATE 


and  investment  securities^ 
orange  g-roves,  town  lots, 
business  property.  A  residence  of  24  years  gives  me  a  thorough  knowledge 
of  all  kinds  of  property.  Can  refer  by  permission  to  either  of  the  local  banks. 
Send  for  illustrated  pamphlet. 


OFFICE,  102  ORANGE  STREET, 


REDLANDS,  CAL. 


WE  SELL  THE  EARTH 


BASSETT  &  SMITH 


We  deal  in  all  kinds  of  Real  Estate. 
Orchard  and  Resident  Property. 
Write  for  descriptive  pamphlet. 

232  W.  Second  St.,  Room  208,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


OIL    LKNDS 

We  hold  ten  and  a  quarter  sections  of  prom- 
ising- Oil  Lands  in  what  will  soon  be  an  active 
field.  If  you  wish  to  buy  Oil  Lands  call  and 
investigrate. 

DRY    LAKE    OIL    CO. 


Room   7  F.   A. 

1215^  South  Broadway 


PaTTEE,    Secretary 
LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 


We  Sell  Orange  Orchards 

That  pay  a  steady  investment,  with  g-ood  water  rights.     We  have  them  in  [the 
suburbs  of  Pasadena,  finely  located  for  homes,  also  in  the  country  for  profit. 

FINE  HOMES  IN  PASADENA  A  SPECIAI^TY. 
WOOD  &  CHURCH,  16  8.  Raymond  Avenue,  Pasadena,  Cal. 


Help— All  Kinds.    See  Hummel  Bros,  ft  Co.    300  W.  Second  St    TeL  Main  50§ 


FINANCIAL,  ETC. 


OLDEST  AND  URGEST  BANK  IN  SOUTHERN 
CALIFORNIA. 

Farmers  and  IVIerchants  Bank 

OF  LOS  ANGELES,  CAL 

Capital  (  paid  up )      .    .    $500,000.00 

Surplus  and  Reserve     .      925,000.00 

Total    ....    $1,425,000.00 

OFFICERS 

I.  W.  Hellman,  Prest.      H.  W.  Hellman,  V  -Prest. 

Henry  J.  Fleishman,  Cashier 

GUSTAV  Heimann,  Assistant  Cashier 

DIRECTORS 

W.   H.   Perry.  C.   E.  Thorn,         J.  F.  Francis, 

O.  W   Childs.    I.  W.  Hellman.  Jr.,  I.  N.  Van  Nuys. 
A.  Glassell,      H.  W.  Hellman.     1.  W.  Hellman. 

Special  Collection  Department.    Correspondence 
Invited.    Safety  Deposit  Boxes  torrent. 

First  National  Bank 

OF  LOS  angei.es. 

Largitt  National  Bank  In  Southern 
Californlac 

Capita!  Stock $400,000 

Surplus  and  Undivitled  Profits  over 260,000 

J,  M.  Elliott,  Prest.  W,  G.  Kerckhoff,  V.-Prest. 

Frank  A.  Gibson,  Cashier 

W.  T.  b.  Ham>»OND,  Assistant  Cashier 

DIRECTORS 

J.  D.  Blcl<nell,      H.  Jevne.  W.  G.  Kerckhoff. 

J,  M.  Elliott,         F.  Q.  Story,        J.  D.  Hooker, 

J.  C.  Drake. 
All  Departments  of  a    Modern    Banking    Business 
Conducted 


W.  C  Patterson,  Prest.  P.  M.  Green.  Vice-Pres. 

W.  D   Woolwine,  Cashier 
E.  W.  COE,  Assistant  Cashier 


Cor.  First  and  Spring  Streets 


Capital  Stock 
Surplus     ~ 


$500,000 
100,000 


This  bank  has  the  best  location  of  any  bank  in 
Los  Angeles.  It  has  the  largest  capital  of  any 
National  Bank  In  Southern  California,  and  is  the  only 
United  States  Depositary  in  Southern  California. 


Cbe  Cick  l)Ou$e 


«« 


% 


In  the  business  heart  of  San  Francisco. 
Just  a  step  from  car  lines  reaching  every 
part  of  the  city. 


TOURISTS   AflD   £ni]4ING   mEfi 

Modern,  newly  fitted  and  managed  with  the 
utmost  regard  to  the  comfort  and  convenience  of 
its  guests. 

G.  W.  KINGSBURY,  Mgr. 


KINGSLEY-BARNES  &  NEUNER  CO. 


LIMITED 


Engravers 
Printers 
Binders 


ART  SOUVENIRS  OF  ALL 
DESCRIPTIONS     j»^     jit     jt 

finest  Work 
on  the  Coast 

Printers    and    Binders    to    The    Land     of 
J*        J*        J*     Sunshine    j»        j*        j* 


TELEPnONE  MAIN  417 


123  S.  Broadway     LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 


MISCELLANEOUS. 


ARGONAUT  LETTERS 


JEROME  A.  HART 

THE   OlyD    WORI<D    SKKN    THROUGH   THE 
EYES   OF   A   CAI^IFORNIAN. 

Written  to  a  California  newspaper,  and  the 
printing-,  eng-ravingf  and  binding-  done  by  Cal- 
ifornia artisans. 

Over  500  pag-es,  65  half-tone  engraving's, 
richly  bound  in  crimson  cloth,  g-ilt  top,  stamp 
on  side  in  g-old,  black  and  red. 

PRICE  $2.00 

or  with  one  year's  subscription  to  the  Land  of 
Sunshine,  $2.50. 

The  Land  of  Sunshine  Publishing  Co., 

Lios  Angeles,  Cal. 


WHOI^E  FAMII^Y 

and  your  visitors  will 
Ret  hours  of  enjoyment 
from  the  Number  10 
Pnzzle.  Fascinating, 
unique.  Sealed  instruc- 
tions wi;h  each.  Sent 
to  any  address  for  25c 


EDUCATIONAL 
COMPANY,^. 

Hartford,  C!onn. 


TELEGRAPHY. 

Become  an  expert  operator  at  home  at  a  total 
cost  of  four  dollars.  The  Omnig-raph  1900  com- 
bination telegraph  set,  including-  transmitter. 
You  have  an  expert  operator  with  you  all  the 
time.  A  short  cut  to  success.  Order  through 
dealer  or  send  direct  for  circular. 
OMNIGRAPH  MFG.  CO..  Dept.  H,  39  Cortiandt  St., 
New  York,  N.  Y. 


MIND  READING 


and  Personal  Mag-netism. 
Learn     to     develop     the 

forces  within  you.   BE  A  LEADER  AIMONG  IMEN. 

Particulars  by  mail. 
Box  E.  G.  H.  OTIS,  Shultz,  Mich. 


w 


ILL  develop  or  reduce 
any  part  of  the  body 


Trade-Mark  Registered. 


A  Perfect  Complexion  Beaatifler 
and 

Remover  of  Wrinkles 

Dr.  John  Wilson  Gibbs' 

THE  ONLY 

Electric  Massage  Roller 

(Patented  United  States,  Europe, 
Canada.) 
"  Ks  work  is  not  confined  to  the 
face  alone,  but  will  do  good  to  any 
part  of  the  body  to  which  it  is  ap- 
plied, developing  or  reducing  as  desired.  It  is  a  very  pretty 
addition  to  the  toilet-table."— Chicago  Tribune. 

"This  delicate  Electric  Beantifier  removes  all  facial  blemishes. 
It  is  the  only  positive  remover  of  wrinkles  and  crow's-feet.  It 
never  fails  to  perform  all  that  is  expected." — Chioago  Times- 
Herald. 

"The  Electric  Roller  is  certainly  productive  of  good  results. 
I  believe  it  the  best  of  any  appliances     It  is  safe  and  effective ." 
— Hakbikt  Hubbabd  Atkb,  New  York  World. 

For  Massage  and  Curative  Purposes 

An  Electric  Roller  in  all  the  term  implies.  The  invention  of  a 
physician  and  electrician  known  throughout  this  country  and 
Europe.  A  most  perfect  complexion  beautifier  Will  remove 
wrinkles,  "crow's-feet"  i premature  or  from  age),  and  all  facial 
blemishes— POSITIVE.  Whenever  electricity  is  to  be  used  tor 
massaging  or  curative  purposes,  it  has  no  equal.  No  charging. 
Will  last  forever  Always  ready  for  use  on  ALL  PARTS  OP  THE 
BODY,  for  all  diseases.  For  Rheumatism,  Sciatica,  Neuralgia, 
Nervous  and  Circulatory  Diseases,  a  specific  The  professional 
standing  of  the  inventor  (you  are  referred  to  the  public  press 
for  the  past  fifteen  years),  with  the  approval  of  this  country 
and  Europe,  is  a  perfect  guarantee.  PRICE  :  Gold,  $4  00, 
Silver,  $8.00.  By  mail,  or  at  office  of  Oibbs' Company,  1370 
Beoadwat,  Nbw  Yoke.    Circular  free. 


The  Only 


C^M^ilxM      Electric  Roller. 

^''   -       All  others 

80  called  are 
Fraudulent 

Imitations. 

Copyright. 
"Can  take  a  pound 
a  day  off  a  patient, 
or  put  it  on.'  — New 
York  Sun,  Aug.  80, 
1891.  Send  for  lee* 
ture  on  "Great  Sub- 
ject of  Pat."    NO  DIETING.    NO  HARD  WORK.    [Copyright. 

Dr.  John  Wilson  GIbbs'  Obesity  Cure 

For  the  Permanent  Reduction  and  Cure  of  Obesity 

Purely  Vegetable.  Harmless  and  Positive.  NO  FAILURE.  Your 
reduction  is  assured — reduced  to  stay.  One  month's  treatment 
#6.00.  Mail,  or  office,  1370  Broadway,  New  York  "On  obeeity. 
Dr.  Gibbs  is  a  recognized  authority.— N.  Y.  Press,  1899." 

REDUCTION  GUARANTEED 

"The  cure  is  based  on  Nature's  laws,"- New  York  Herald, 
July  9,  1893. 


IX  m^ 


....Demand  the  Best 

Certain  dentists  say  that  I  am  hard  to  please.  "  Yes.  I 
am  never  satisfied  with  poor  work  at  any  price.  For  this 
reason  none  but  competent  and  courteous  dentists  can  hold 
positions  in  my  office.  When  I  am  satisfied  with  any  service 
performed  for  my  patients  they  are  well  pleased  and  send 
their  friends  to  me  afterwards.  The  best  is  none  too  jfood 
for  me." 


Cor.  Fifth  and  Hill  Sts.,  Los  Angeles^  Cal.  Tel.  Red  3261 


mz 


Bros.  &  Co..  "Help  Center."    300  W.  Second  St.        Tel.  Main  509 


MISCELLANEOUS 


I  E.  P.  BOSBYSHELL  I 


Frazier  High  Grade  Vehicles  | 

130  and  132  N.  Los  Angeles  St.   p 


Changed 

From 

Pine 

TO  ANY  HARDWOOD  COLOR  BY  USING 

7L00R-5H|||f' 


Floor  CnamelB, 
Oak,  Cherry,  ^W^alnut, 


Etc. 


Makes  Old  Floors  Look  New."  Gives 
your  floors  a 
hard  Enamel 
Finish.  No 

trouble  to  ap- 
ply. Wears 
like  Cement. 
Dries  over 

niffht.  Con- 
tains no  Japan 
orShellac.Sold 
at  Drucr,  Paint 
and  Depart- 
ment stores. 
60c  size  covers 
75   feet  ;     $1.00 

.TS  .N  T„.  OUAOTV.-  ¥a\cro,he": 
None  just  as  ffood.  Free  Booklet  and  Sam- 
ple Card.     Write  to 

FLOOR-SHINE    CO., 

tit.  Louia.  Ho. 

Use  "Tkanspakent  !'  Flook-Shine  on 
Linoleum  and  to  refresh  Hardwood  Floors, 
F^urniture  and  Woodwork. 

For  sale  in  Los  Anjrelesby  A.  Haniburirer 
&  Sons,  People's  Store,  Upholster injr  Dep't. 


with 


Folding 
Pocket  KodaK. 

Kodaks  can  be  operated  comfortably  out-of- 
doors  with  warmly  gloved  hands. 

Ask  your  dealer  or  write  us  for  information 
about  the  Kodak  Portrait  Attachments. 


EASTMAN  KODAK  CO. 
Rochester,  N.  ¥• 


Kodahs,    ^^ 
$5.00  to  $35.00 

Catalogues  at  the 
dealers  or  by  mail. 


Parcels  Delivered  to  any  part  of  the  City  for 

10  cents  each.    Special  rates  to  Merchants. 

Office hoars,7:30a.m.to6p.ra.  Saturdays.lOp.m. 

Specials  and  Shipments  Promptly  Made. 

AGENT  FOR  HEALTH-OIVINQ  BYTHINIA. 

C.  H.  FiNLEY,  Manaarer,  456  S.  Flower. 
Telephone  Main  940. 


WATCHES,    CAMERAS,    RINGS,    ETC. 


Send  your  name  and  address  on  postal  to  Consolidated  Jewelry 
Co..  101  Broadway.  Attieboro,  Mass.  They  will  mail  you  one  of 
their  newly  illustrated  premium  lists  and  18  jfold  finished 
stone  set  scarf  pins  to  sell  at  10  cents  each.  When  sold,  return 
them  the  money,  and  the  premium  you  select  will  be  sent  at 
once.  Other  inducements  offered  in  catalotrue.  Write  now. 
No  money  required  until  after  (roods  are  sold. 


MISCELLANEOUS 


SACKCLOTH 

IS 
WORN  IN  DISTRESS. 


How  often  we  hear  the  combination, 
"  Sackcloth  and  Ashes." 

It  is  most  appropriate. 

When  the  g-ood  housewife  removes  the 
ashes  she  is  in  physical  distress. 

She  is  mortified  at  the  dust  and  dirt  re- 
sulting- from  such  an  operation,  and  sin- 
cerels^  mourns  the  loss  of  g-arments,  cleanli- 
ness and  temper. 

Oft  times  hot  ashes  cause  housekeepers  to 
mourn  the  loss  of  homes. 

Ashes  were  placed  in  a  wooden  recep- 
tacle, or  a  stray  spark  dropped.  The  fire- 
men g-enerally  arrive  in  time  to  save  the 
cellar. 

Use  GAS  for  fuel  and  escape  this. 

GAS  STOVES  sold  at  cost. 

Installments  of  $1.00  per  month,  if  pre- 
ferred . 

LOS  ANGELES  LIGHTING  CO. 

Gas  is  the  cheapest  fuel. 


Kow  DlHTY,   C@^«» 


A  ^A^^T^vei; 


l^RiDER  Agents  Wanted 

One  In  each  town  to  ride  and   exhibit 
sample  1901  Bicycle.      BJiST  MAKES 

1901  Models,  $10  to  $18 

'99  &  '00  Models,  high  grade.  $7  to$12. 
SOO Secondhand  Wheels 

all  makes  and  models,  good  as  new, 
$8  to  $8.  Great  Factory  Clearing 
Sale  at  half  factory  cost.  We  ship 
ajiywherc  on  approval  and  ten  days 
trial  without  a  cent  in  advance. 

EARN  A  BICYCLE distrihut. 

ing  CataloKiies  for  us.     We  have  a 

wonderful  proposition  to  Agents  for 

Write  at  once  for  our  Bargain 

Offer.  Address  Dept-i^A-^;- 

MEAD  G  YGLE  CO.,  Chic^^ 


1901 
List  and  Special  Offei 


A  PERFECT  BUST 


Can  quickly  be  gained  if  you  use  the  famous  new  "Nadine" 
system  of  development  The  marvelous  and  unusual  suc- 
cess with  which  Mme  Hastings'  Bust  and  Form  developing 
treatment  is  meeting  everywhere  makes  it  acknowledged 
by  society,  the  medical  profession,  and  even  by  our  com- 
petitors as  distinctly  the  peer  of  oil  known  developers. 
Unattractive  and  masculine  chested  women  are  readily 
transformed  into  superb  and  ntiractive  figures  All  hollow 
or  slighted  parts  are  rapidly  filled  out  and  made  beautiful 
in  contour.  It  never  fails  ana  is  absolutely  guaranteed  to 
enlarge  the  female  bust  at  east  six  inches.  J^ou  will 
have  the  personal  attention  by  mail  of  a  Face 
and  Form  Specialist  until  ctevelopfnent  is  en- 
tirely completed.  Failure  is  imposssble  Special  direc. 
tions  are  also  given  for  making  the  Neck  and  Arms  and 
other  parts  full  &n6.  phunp.  Perfectly  harmless;  all 
development  it  invariably  permanent.  Detailed  instruc- 
tions are  also  given  by  which  15  to  30  healthy  pounds  can 
be  added  to  the  body  generally,  wlien  so  desired  Instruc- 
tions, photos,  and  references,  sealed,  free.  Enclose  stamp 
for  postage.  MME.  HASTINGS,  213  Omaha  Bldg.,  Chicago, 
Illinois 


LIVERY  AND 

BOARDING 


EUREKA  STABLES 

323  W.  Fifth  Street 

LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 


W.  M.  OSBORN, 

Proprietor 


ALL-DAY  TALLY-HO  EXCURSIONS, 
Round  Trip,  $J,00 


Telephone  Main 


MISCELLANEOUS 


"BARKER  BR^NO-" 

LmBn'CDlIars  &  Cuffs  W^^', 
f*22«^WE$T-n?OY.  NY.  '*2//' 

SACHS    BROS  ft  CO. 
San    Fraoclsoo    Coaa^   Agents 


Hypnotbm     and    Animal    Magnetism — 
Original  Method.     A  Great  Book,  10  cents 
postpaid.       Catalogue  of  rare  and  wonder- 
ful Books  free  with  each  order. 
Address:        H.  P.  STRUPP, 

Dept.  3,  Cambelltown,  Pa. 


ROYAL 
INHALERj 

I  Kills  the  Rerms  of,   nnd  cures  all  Tliroat  \ 
\  and  LiUiiiir  'I'roublet*  and  Catarrb  also  « 


CONSUMPTION 

AND 

TUBERCULOSIS 

P  in  the  early  stajjes  and  affords  relief  and 

■  rest  iu  the  more  aggravated  cases. 

\    ROYAL  BUILDUP 

■  BiilIdM    up     llic 
\  ;>;iveM  Mtr<'Ug;tli* 

5  your  health. 

5  Inlialer  suHiciont  for  60  days Sl.OO 

S  Extra  Solution  snrticient  for  180  days.    1.00 
5  Buildup  sutlicit'ut  for  30  days.......    1.00 

i  Or  seut  express   paid   any  olHce  in  United 
\  Stales  for  $1.2.'»  each. 

*k  Sold  by  drug  and  supply  houses  and  by  the 
\  manufacturers. 

\       ROYAL  INHALER  MFG.  CO., 
{  30-36La  SaileSt.,     Chicago,  III. 


%«-u»>tc    tlHMiieM    and 

Try  them  and  recover 


Hummel  Bros.  &  Co..  Employment  Agents,  300  W.  Second  St    Tel.  Main  509 


MISCELLANEOUS 


YOUR  CHOICE  AT  HALf -PRICE 

Half-tone  and 
Line  Etching  Cuts 

We  have  accumulated  over  2000  cuts  of  Cali- 
fornia, Arizona,  and  Nevj  Mexico  subjects 
which  have  been  used  in  the  Land  of  Sun- 
SHiNB.  They  are  practically  as  good  as  new, 
but  will  be  sold  at  half-price,  viz.,  8j^c  a 
square  inch  for  half-tones  larg-er  than  twelve 
square  inches  and  $1  for  those  under  that 
size  with  40c  additional  for  vigrnettes.  Line 
etchings,  5c  a  square  inch  for  those  over  i 
ten  square  inches  and  50c  for  those  under 
that  size. 

If  you  cannot  call  at  our  office  send  $1.50  ^ 
to  cover  express  charg-es  on  proof  hook  to  be 
setit  to  you   for  inspection  and  return.     The 
book  is  not  for  sale  and  must  be  returned 
promptly. 

If  you  order  cuts  to  the  amount  of  $5  the 
cost  of  expressage  on  the  proof  book  will  be  ' 
refunded. 

land  of  Sunshine  Pub.  Co. 

Room   7,    No.  121  >^  S.    Broadway 
Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


210  SO.  BROADWAY 

OPEN   DAY  AND  NIGHT 


Las     CaSIXaS     Vll^Uff. 

There  is  no  location  in  Southern  California  where  the  climate  is  more  benefi- 
cial for  invalids  than  the  foothills  of  the  Sierra  Madre,  and  I^as  Casitas  has 
advantages  surpassing-  any  other  one  spot.  The  Villa  stands  on  a  mesa,  bounded 
on  the  east  and  west  by  caiions,  the  mountains  rising  to  an  altitude  of  6,000  feet 
directly  back  of  the  house.  The  air  in  the  caiions  becoming  surcharged  with 
heat  during  the  day,  rising  in  the  evenings,  makes  it  possible  for  guests  to  be  on 
the  porches  without  wraps  till  ten  or  eleven  o'clock.  It  lies  high  enough  (2,000 
feet;  to  get  the  sea  breezes  during  the  day,  so  that  the  extremes  of  heat  and  cold 
peculiar  to  the  lower  lands  is  entirely  avoided. 

As  a  Winter  and  Summer  resort  it  has  no  superior.  Many  trails  lead  up  the 
mountains  in  all  directions,  to  the  Soledad  trail ;  Brown's  grave  and  peak  ;  Mil- 
lard's caiion  ;  Switzer's  camp  ;  Prieto  caiion  and  falls  ;  and  many  other  spots  of 
interest.  The  appointments  at  the  Villa  are  first-class  in  every  respect.  Being 
five  miles  from  Pasadena,  in  the  foothills  directly  north,  it  is  easy  of  access  by 
driving  road.  Carriages  will  meet  parties  at  any  railroad  station  or  electric  cars 
in  Pasadena.     Special  rates  for  parties  of  two  or  more. 

Address  for  further  particulars,  LAS  CASITAS  VILLA,  P.  O.  Box  N. 
Telephone  Suburban  28.  Mrs.  D.  A.  Viai^i,.  Pasadena,^Cal. 


LITERATURE 


OUR  CLUB  LIST 

For  the  convenience  of  our  subscribers^  old  and  new,  THE  LAND 
OF  SUNSHINE  has  arranged  with  a  number  of  leading  periodicals  to 
receive  and  forward  subscriptions*  When  ordered  alone,  such  subscrip- 
tions will  be  received  only  at  full  regular  prices.  In  combination  with 
a  subscription  for  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  (new  or  renewal), 
wc  are  able  to  offer  clubbing  rates  which 

WILL  SAVE  YOU  MONEY 

To  make  our  club  list  more  valuable  to  our  readers  we  give  a  very 
brief  statement  concerning  each  magazine — from  its  publishers  where 
<luotation  marks  are  used;  in  other  cases  from  one  of  its  readers: 

The  Argonaut  "is  a  literary,  political  and  society  weekly,  containing-  vigorous 
American  Editorials,  striking-  Short  Stories,  Art,  Music,  Drama  and  Society 
notes,  by  brilliant  writers."     San  Francisco,  $4.00  a  year. 

With  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $4.25, 

The  Dial,  '*a  semi-monthly  journal  of  L/iterary  criticism,  discussion  and  infor- 
mation, has  gained  the  solid  respect  of  the  country  as  a  serious  and  impartial 
journal."     Chicago,  $2.00  a  year. 

With  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $2.25.   {New  subscrip- 
tion only.) 

"The  Public,  "  a  serious  paper  for  serious  people,  is  a  weekly  review  of  history 
in  the  making,  conducted  in  the  spirit  of  Jeffersonian  democracy."  Louis  F. 
Post,  editor.     Chicag-o,  $1.00  a  year. 

With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $1,50. 

"The  Nation  has  for  many  years  held  a  secure  place  among  the  first  half  dozen 
American  magazines.  •  No  serious  thinker,  once  knowing  it,  can  willingly  do 
without  it.     New  York,  $3.00  a  year. 

With  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $3.73. 

The  American  Monthly  Review  of  Reviews  "is  the  one  important  maga- 
zine in  the  world  giving  in  its  pictures,  its  text,  its  contributed  articles,  edi- 
[    torials  and  departments,  a  comprehensive,  timely  record  of  the  world's  current 
i.  history."     New  York,  $2.50  a  year. 

With  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $3.00. 

The  Literary  Digest,  "all  the  periodicals  in  one — all  sides  of  all  important 
questions."     Weekly,  32  pages,  illustrated.     New  York,  $3.00  a  year. 
With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  on^  year  for  $3.30. 

The  Atlantic  Monthly  "aims  now,  as  always  hitherto,  to  give  expression  to 
the  highest  thought  of  the  whole  country."     Boston,  $4.00  a  year. 
With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $4.25. 

The  Forum — "to  read  it  is  to  keep  in  touch  with  the  best  thought  of  the  day. 
To  be  without  it  is  to  miss  the  best  help  to  clear  thinking."  New  York,  $3.00 
a  year. 

With  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $3,50. 

The  Arena  "  presents  from  month  to  month  the  ablest  thoughts  on  the  upper- 
most problems  in  the  public  mind,  discussed  by  the  most  capable  thinkers." 
New  York,  $2.50  a  year. 

f  .        With  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $2.75, 

Continued  to  next  page. 


LITERATURE 


Mind,  "  the  world's  leading-  mag-azine  of  liberal  and  advanced  thought  ...  on 
science,  philosophy,  religion,  psychology,  metaphysics,  occultism,  etc."  New 
York,  $2.00  a  year. 

With  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $2.25. 

The  lyiviNG  Agk,  "in  each  weekly  number  of  64  pages,  g-ives  the  most  inter- 
esting- and  important  contributions  to  the  periodicals  of  Great  JBritain  and  the 
Continent."     Boston,  $6.00  a  year. 

With  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $6.25. 

The  Century,  **  the  leading-  periodical  of  the  world,  will  make  its  most  striking- 
feature  for  1901  the  unexampled  abundance  and  variety  of  its  fiction."  New 
York,  $4.00  a  year. 

With  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $4.50. 

St.  Nichoi^as — "No  one  who  does  not  see  it  can  realize  what  an  interesting-  mag- 
azine it  is  and  how  exquisitely  it  is  illustrated ;  it  is  a  surprise  to  young  and 
old."     New  York,  $3.00  a  year. 

With  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $3.50. 

Harper's  Monthi^y — "The  strongest  serials,  the  best  short  stories,  the  best 
descriptive  and  most  timely  special  articles,  the  keenest  literary  reviews,  and 
the  finest  illustrations  in  both  black-and-white  and  color."  New  York,  $4.00 
a  year. 

With  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $4.25.      I^ither  Har- 
per's Bazaar  or  Harper's  Weeki^y  can  be  supplied  at  the  same  price. 

The  Wori^d's  Work — "  Is  a  new  kind  of  magazine.  .  .  .  Its  articles  are  about 
practical  subjects,  living  men,  and  what  they  do  ;  our  own  country,  its  progress 
and  its  place  among  the  nations."     New  York,  $3.00  a  year. 
With  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $3,25. 

lylPPiNCOTT's  "  is  distinguished  from  all  other  magazines  by  a  complete  novel  in 
each  number,  besides  many  short  stories,  light  papers,  travel,  humor  and 
poetry  by  noted  authors."     Philadelphia,  $2.50  a  year. 

With  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $2.75. 

McCi^URE'S  Magazine — "  Among  many  noticeable  features  will  be  Rudyard  Kip- 
ling's new  novel  "  Kim,"  the  best  work  he  has  ever  produced  ;  "  New  Dolly 
Dialogues,"  by  Anthony  Hope  ;  a  drama  by  I^lizabeth  Stuart  Phelps-Ward,  and 
unusually  interesting  historical  articles."     New  York,  $1.00. 
With  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $1.75. 

The  Youth's  Companion,  "every  Thursday  in  the  year  for  every  member  of 
the  family."     Boston,  $1.75  a  year. 

With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $2.25.    {New  subscrip- 
tion only.) 

Modern  Cui^Ture,  "a  continual  feast  tor  lovers  of  fiction,  but  fiction  is  not  the 
only  or  the  chief  attraction  of  this  magazine  to  thoughtful  readers."  Cleve- 
land, $1.00  a  year. 

With  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  Jor  $1.50. 

Success  "is  a  monthly  home  magazine  of  inspiration,  progress  and  self-help.'* 
New  York,  $1.00  a  year. 

With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $1.75. 


If  you  are  in  the  habit  of  subscribing  for  several  magazines,  the 
combination  offers  on  the  next  page  will  interest  you.  If  not,  this  is 
a  good  time  to  get  into  the  habit. 

The  Land  of  Sunshine  Publishing  Co., 

Ivos  Angeles,  Cal. 
Continued  to  next  page. 


LITERATURE 

FEASTS  OF  GOOD  READING  AT  FAMINE  PRICES. 

Review  of  Reviews  (new),  Current  Literature,  Wori^d's  Work 
and  Land  of  Sunshine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $9.50.     O UR  CL UB  RA  TE,  $4, 75. 

C0SMOP01.1TAN,  McCi^ure's,    Review  of  Reviews  (new),  Land  of 
Sunshine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $5.50.     O UR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $3. 75 ^ 

McCi^ure's,  Review  of  Reviews  (new),  Current  Literature, 
Land  of  Sunshine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $7.50.     O UR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $4.50, 

Lippincott's,  Review  of  Reviews   (new).   Current  Literature, 
Land  of  Sunshine. 

REG  ULAR  PRICE,  $9. 00,     O  UR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $5,50, 

Success,  Cosmopoi^itan,  McClure's,  World's  Work,  Land  of  Sun- 
shine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $7.00,     OUR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $4.25. 

Public  Opinion  (new),  Success,  Review  of  Reviews  (new).  Cosmo- 
politan, Land  of  Sunshine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $8,00,     OUR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $4.00, 

Current  Literature,  McClure's,   Success,  Review  of  Reviews 
(new).  Cosmopolitan,  Land  of  Sunshine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $9.50,     OUR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $5.00. 

The  Dial,  The  Arena,  Lipincott's,  Harpers,  Land  of  Sunshine 
REGULAR  PRICE,  $12.00.     OUR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $9,00. 

Atlantic  Monthly,  Harper's,  Century,  Review  of  REviEws(new), 
Current  Literature,  Land  of  Sunshine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $18.50.     O UR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $13.50^ 

Scribner's,  The  Nation,  The  Dial  (new).  Current  Literature 
Review  of  Reviews  (new),  Land  of  Sunshine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $14.50.     O UR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $10.50. 

The  Argonaut,  Harper's,  Current  Literature,  Review  of  Re- 
views (new).  Land  of  Sunshine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $14.50.     OUR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $10,00, 

St  Nicholas,  Youth's  Companion  (new),  Land  of  Sunshine. 
REGULAR  PRICE,  $5.75-     OUR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $4.75^ 

If  you  do  not  find  just  the  combination  you  would  like  among  these 
named,  write  us  just  what  you  want  and  we  will  probably  be  able 
to  name  a  satisfactory  price. 

Full  remittance  must  accompany  all  orders. 

The  Land  of  Sunshine  Publishing  Co., 


TRANSPORTATION 


—         _,   -\;Y:/^'Ji:Ain>.^ 


CALIFORNIA   LIMITED 


TRAVELERS' 
BANQUET 


The  dinner  served  every 
nigfht  in  the  Santa  Fe 
Diningf  Cars  on  the  Cal- 
ifornia Limited  is  a  ban- 
quet, and  one  that  either 
Sherry  or  Delmonico 
would  be  proud  to  serve* 
It's  jolly  too,  there  is  no 
sta8:nation,  we  keep 
everything:  moving 
the 


on 


SANTA  FE 


TRANSPORTATION 


0 


CEANIC  S.  S.  CO.-MONOLILI 
APIA,  AUCKLAND  and  SYDNEY 


Send  10  cents  postage  for 
*^Trip  to  Hawaii,"  wiuv  fine 

Shotogrraphic  illustrations. 
)  cents  for  new  edition  of 
same,  with  beautiful  colored  plate  illustrations  ; 
20  cents  postage  for  '*  Talo/a,  Summer  Sail  to 
South  Seas,"  also  in  colors,  to  Ocbanic  S.  S.  Co., 
643  Market  St.,  San  Francisco. 

Throug-h  steamers  sail  to  Honolulu 
three  times  a  month  ;  to  Samoa,  New 
Zealand  and  Sydney,  via  Honolulu, 
every  three  weeks. 

Steamer  Australia  makes  round  trip 
every  thirty-three  days  to  Tahiti. 

J.  D.  SPRECKELS  &  BROS.  CO., 
643  Market  Street,  San  Francisco. 

HUGH  B.  RICE,  Agent, 

230  f.  Spring:  St.,  lioa  Ang^eles,  Cal. 


Pacific  Coast  Steamship  Ca 


The  company's  elejfant  steam- 
ers leave  as  follows  : 


FOR  SAN  FRANCISCO, 


zalling-  only  at  Redondo,  Port 

Los  Antreles  and  Santa 

Barbara. 


Leave     REDONDO.     SANTA      ROSA      and 

QUEEN,  Wednesdays  and  Saturdays,  8  a.m. 
Leave  PORT  LOS  ANGELES.  SANTA  ROSA 

and  QUEEN,  Wednesdays  and  Saturdays, 
11:30  a.m. 

Arrive  at  San  Francisco  Thursdays  and  Sun- 
days, 1  p.m. 
Leave  SAN  PEDRO.    CORONA  and  BONITA, 

Sundays  and  Thursdays,  6:25  p.m. 
Leave  EAST  SAN   PEDRO.,    CORONA    and 

BONITA,  Sundays  and  Thursdays,  6:30  p.m. 

FOR  SAN  DIEGO. 

Leave  PORT  LOS  ANGELES.  SANTA  ROSA 
and  QUEEN,  Mondays  and  Thursdays,  4  p.m. 

Leave  REDONDO.  SANTA  ROSA  aad 
QUEEN,  Mondays  and  Thursdays,  8  p.m. 

Due  at  San  Diesro  Tuesdays  and  Fridays,  6  a.m. 

The  company  reserves  the  right  to  change 
steamers,  sailing  days,  and  hours  of  sailing, 
without  previous  notice. 

W.  PARRIS,  Agent,  124  West  Second  St.,  Los 
Angeles.  GOODALL,  PERKINS  &  CO.,  Gen- 
eral Agents,  San  Francisco. 


Faster  than  ever 
to  Chicago 


CHICAGO 

&  NORTH-WESTERN 

RAILWAY 


T^HE  train  for  the  East  is  The  Overland 
Limited.  Leaves  Los  Angeles  daily 
6.45  p.  m.,  San  Francisco  at  10.00  a.  m., 
via  Chicago-Union  Pacific  &  North-Western 
Line,  arrives  Chicago  9,30  a.  m.  third  day. 
No  change  of  cars;  all  meals  in  dining 
cars.  Another  fast  train  leaves  Los 
Angeles  daily  10.20  p.  m.  and  San  Fran-- 
Cisco  6.00  p.  m.  Best  service,  quickest 
time.  For  tickets  and  reservations  apply 
to  ticket  agents  or  address  W,  D.  Camp- 
bell, 247  So.  Spring  Street,  Los  Angeles, 
Cal. 


flock  Island 
Route 


EKGUISlOllS 


W^      EAST 

Leave  Los  Angeles  every  Tuesday,  Friday  and 
Saturday,  via  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  "Scenic 
Line,"  and  by  the  popular  Southern  Route  every 
Thursday.  Low  rates  ;  quick  time  ;  competent 
managers;  Pullman  upholstered  cars:  .union 
depot,  Chicago.  Our  cars  are  attached  to  the 
"  Boston  and  New  York  Special,"  via  Lake 
Shore,  New  York  Central  and  Boston  &  Albany 
Railways. 
For  maps,  rates,  etc.,  call  on  or  address 

T.  J.  CLARK,  Gen'l  Agt.  Pass.  Dept., 
237  South  Spring  St.  Los  Angeles^ 

Personally  Conducted 


OPALS 


75.000 

Genuine 
Nexican 
OPALS 


Fur  sale  at  less  than  half  price.   We  want  an  agent  in 
every  town  and  city  in  the  U.  S.  Send  86c.  for  sample 
opal  worth  $2.    Good  agents  make  $10  a  day. 
Mexican  Opal  Co.,  607  Frost  Bldg.,  Los  Angeles,  CaL 
Bank  reference,  State  Loan  and  Trust  Oo. 


TRANSPORTATION 


..^-^g*^^^ 


Sunset  limited 


THREE 
TIMES  A 
WEEK.,., 


NEW  ORLEANS,  WASHINGTON,  PHILADELPHIA,  NEW  YORK, 
BOSTON,  CHICAGO,  AND  ALL  PRINCIPAL  EASTERN  CITIES. 


Leaves  Los  Angeles,  East-bound,  at  8:00  a.m., 

on  Tuesdays,  Thursdays  and  Saturdays. 
Leaves    New    Orleans,  West-bound,  at   10:45 
a.m.,  on  Mondays,  Thursdays  and  Satur- 
days. 
THE  FASTEST  LONG  DISTANCE 
TRAIN  IN  THE  WORLD 

Southern  Pacific  Company* 

G.  W.  LUCE,  Asst.  Gen.  Frt. 

and  Pass.  Agent,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


EQUIPMENT 


Composite  observation  car 
(smoking-  and  reading-  apart- 
ment with  library,  easy 
chairs,  writing-  desk,  buffet, 
barber  shop  and  bath)  ; 
ladies'  compartment  car 
(seven  compartments  and 
ladies'  observation  parlor 
with  library  and  escritoire — 
maid  in  attendance) ;  a  state- 
room-section car  (six  sec- 
tions, three  staterooms  and 
a  drawing-room),  a  Pullman 
standard  sleeper  (fourteen 
sections  and  drawing--room) 
and  a  diner  (the  best  in  food, 
service   and   appointments). 


•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••a 


• •*•••••• •••••••• •••••••• •••• •••••••• I 


THE   LOS   ANGELES  -  PACIFIC    RAILWAY 


The  Delightfal  Scenic  Route 


...To  Santa  cMonica \ 

And  HoUywood  \ 

Fine,  Comfortable  Observation  Cars  Free  from  Smolce,  etc     i 


Cars  leave  Fourth  street  and  Broadway,  Los  Angeles,  for  Santa  Monica  ria.  Sixteenth  street, 
every  half  hour  from  6:38  a.m.  to  8:36  p.m.,  then  each  hour  till  11:36 ;  or  via  Believue  Ave.  for 
Colegrove  and  Sherman,  every  hour  from  6:15  am.  to  il:16  p.m.,  returning  from  Santa  Monica 
every  thirty  to  sixty  minutes  from  5:60  a.m.  to  10:40  p.m.  Cars  leave  Ocean  Park,  Santa 
Monica,  at  5:50  and  6:20  a.m.  and  every  half  hour  thereafter  till  7:40  p.m.,  thereafter  at  8:40,  9:40 
and  10:40. 

Cars  leave  Los  Angeles  for  Santa  Monica  via.  Hollywood,  and  Sherman  via.  Believue  Ave. 
every^hour  from  6:45  a.m.  to  11:45  p.m. 

For  complete  time  table  and  particulars  call  at  oflSce  of  company, 

316-322    WEST    FOURTH    STREET,    LOS    ANGELES 

TROLLKY   PARTIES  BY  DAY  OR  NIGHT  A  SPECIAI.TY. 


DINNER  SET 


for  selling  24  boxes  Salvona  Soaps  or  bottles  Salvona  rerfumes.  To  in 
troduce  our  Soaps  and  Perfumes,  we  give  free  to  every  purchaser  of  a 
box  or  bottle,  a  beautiful  cut  glass  pattern  10-inch  fruit  bowl,  or  choice  of 
many  other  valuable  articles.  To  the  agent  who  sells  24  boxes  soap  we 
give  our  50-piece  Dinner  Set,  full  size,  handsomely  decorated  and  gold 


lined.    We  also  give  Curtains,  Conches,  Bockers,  Sporting  Goods,  Sewlnjr  Machines,  Parlor  Lamps,  Musical 

Instruments  of  all  kinds  and  many  other  premiums  for  selling  Salvona  Soaps  and  Perfumes.    We  aUow  you  15  day» 
to  deliver  goods  and  collect  for  them.    We  give  cash  commission  if  desired.    No  money  required.    Write  to-day 


for  our  handsome  illustrated  catalogue  free.    SALVONA  SOAP  CO., 


money  required.    Write  to-day 
Second  &,  Locust  Sts.,    ST.  LOUIS,  MO. 


SHOES  BY  MAIL 

Write  us  what  kind  of  shoe  you 
want,  g-iving-  size,  and  enclose 
the  amount  you  wish  to  pay,  and 
we  will  g-uarantee  to  give  you  the 
newest  and  best  shoe  on  the  Coast 
for  the  money. 

Correspondence  solicited. 

C.  M.  Staub  Shoe  Co. 

255  S,  Broadway 


Established  1869. 

COSTS  NOTHING  TO  TRY 

Send  postal  for  free  sample  of  Norny's 

Fruit  Preserving  Powder. 

zanje  nokny  &  co., 

P.  O.  Box  868.  Philadelphia,  l»a. 


^    f^  -£<h    (^    eft    rfh— ri:^. 


L.  B.  Elberson,  President. 
Wm.  Meek,  Treasurer. 


The  Meek  Baking  Co. 

Wholesale  and  Retail. 
Factory,  602  San  Pedro  St. 

Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


J      Telephone  322.     The  Largest  Bakery      i 
*<3  on  the  Coast.  y 


Havana  Cigan.  full  tiza. 


MUSICAL  PARLOR  CLOCK 

To  successfully  introduce  our  Kagle 
Havana  CJKars  in  every  cuuntv,  reliahle 
p«r«nns  {urniah«d  FKEK  a  MUSIOAI. 
HAKLOR  CLOCK.  The  clock  is  best 
American,  rant  eight  days  with  one 
windinK,  strikes  hour»  and  half  hours, 
has  Winnted  onyx  case  with  gilt  nrna- 
nients,  is  17  inches  lung!  This  CLOCK 
plays  automatically  and  produces 
ohariuing  selections,  from  opera*  to  pop- 
ular aontis  or  hymns,  and  sells  as  high 
••  $25  To  every  person  sending  us  Mc 
and  names  of  six  cigar  smokers  we  will 
ship,  prepaid  free  of  all  eharae*,  m>- 
onrelv  packed,  our  PHEMIUM  MUSICAL 
Or»'EH  anH  »  xanipU  box  of  our  Kit«le 

Eagle  Mfg.  Co  21  Mm  st..N.Y. 


FREE! 

Two  bottles  of  our  regular  50  cts.  per 
oz.  perfumes,  sent  as  samples,  for  20 
cts.  silver,  to  help  pay  packing,  etc. 
YuLETiDE  Perfume  Co.,  2033  Mor- 
gan St.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 


t 


In 

Every 

Station 

of 
Life, 

lofty  and  humble 
alike,  colds  come, 
and  grip, headache, 
neuralgia,  indigest- 
ion, ills  of  women, 
fatigue  and  the 
many  "every  day 
ailments"  that  are 
now  so  quickly  cor- 
rected by  the  timely 
use  of  that  simple, 
harmless     powder, 


Omngeine 

"Magic"   doses,    to    be    carried  in    vest 
pocket,  pocket  book,  or  shopping  bag. 

Prevents,  Cures, 
Builds  Up,   Sustains 


"A  sure  preventive  of  various 
disorders  commoa  to  New  £ng 
land"-//,  il.  UradHtreet,  Sec  u 
U.  S.  Steel  Co.,  Boston. 

"For  fatique— like  champagne 
only  more  lasting  and  benencial" 
— writes  the  ''best  beloved"  of 
Awerican  Actresses . 

Professor  Macdovald,  of  the 
Hartford  Theological  Seniinaru 
sai/s:  "For  liver,  stomach  and 
head  I  know  nothing  like  it." 

Lt-Col.  R.  I.  Eskridge,  •23d  lufan- 
trjj.  Fort  Dotiijlus,  t'tah,  tr rites: 
"Orangeine  will  not  only  relieve 
sick  headache  but  will  cure  it." 

"A  necessity  next  to  food  and 
clothes."— -Mrs.  £//«  Badger  Denn- 
ison,  Tex. 

"Best  cure  for  a  cold"— W'm. 
Walter,  M't  stern  Golf  Champion. 

"Cured  my  neuralgia  in  five 
minutes"— itfra.  A.  R.  West,  Pal- 
atine. Ill, 

"Perfect  regulator"— .4.  O.  Big. 
elow,  Chicago. 

"Invaluable  for  brain  workers'' 
—Emily  A.  Stoney,  St.  Anthoiiu's 
Hospital,  Rock  Island,  III. 

"Perfect  Headache  ("ure.  The 
only  Hiiinuliiut  without  sting." 
—  Wm.  Gillette,  Author-Actor. 

Every  pro/arressivo  druggist 
sells  "Orangeine"  in  25  and 
50c  packages.  Trial  Packagre 
Mailed  with  full  inforraatioa 
on  rcc«iipt  of  2c  stamp 
Oraojelira  Chemical  Co.,  Cblcafo. 


ajirl 

F  I 

If 


MISCELLANEOUS 


for  Your  Pet  Negative 

There  is   a   Perfection   and   Quality   about   the    Famous 

BRADLEY    PLATINUM    PAPER 

which  justly  makes  it  ^*  Without  a  Rival/'  It  bears  the 
maker's  guarantee,  and  is  sold  only  by  first-class  dealers 
in  photo  supplies,  which  is  a  double  gfuarantee.    ^  ^  ^ 

Manufactured  only  by 

JOHN    BRADLEY,    Chemist,    PHILADELPHIA 


Southern  California 


Visitors 


should 
not  fail  to  see 


HOTEL    AZUSA. 


AZUSA 


24  miles  from  Los  Ang-eles, 
on  the  Kite-shaped  track  of 
the  Santa  F^  Ry. 


It  has  first-class  hotel  accommodations,  g-ood  drives  and  fine  scenic  sur- 
roundings. Its  educational,  social  and  relig-ious  facilities  are  complete. 
It  is  surrounded  by  the  most  productive  and  beautiful  orange  and  lemon 
groves  in  the  world,  and  as  a  place  of  residence  is  warmer  in  winter  and 
cooler  in  summer  than  many  other  famous  orange  districts. 
For  especial  information  or  complete  and  handsome  illustrated  literature, 

Writ*  ^^'L^uffSfnir'^  Chamber  of  Commerce 


#  

*  "  Creates  a    Perfect    Complexion 

Graham's 


Mrs, 

Cucumber  and  Elder 


Flower  Cream 


It  cleanses,  whitens  and  beautifies  the  skin, 
feeds  and  nourishes  skin  tissues,  thus  banish- 
ing- wrinkles.  It  is  harmless  as  dew,  and  as 
nourishing  to  the  skin  as  dew  is  to  the  flower. 
Price  $1.00  at  drugg-ists  and  agents,  or  sent 
anywhere  prepaid.  Sample  bottle,  10  cents. 
A  handsome  book,  '*  How  to  be  Beautiful," 
free. 


GROWER 


GRAHAM'S     CACTICO     HAIR 

TO    MAKE    HIS    HAIR    GROW.    AND 

QUICK    HAIR    RESTORER 

C  TO    RCSTORE  THE   COLOR. 

Iji  Both  g-uaranteed  harmless  as  water.    Sold  by  best  Drug^gists,  or  sent  in  plain  sealed  wrapper  by 

ilji  express,  prepaid.    Price,  » 1 .00  each.    For  sale  by  all  Dru^grists  and  Hairdealers. 

i  Send  for  FR££  BOOK :    ''A  Confidential  Chat  with  Bald  Headed,  Thin  Haired  and  Gray  Haired 

ik  Men  and  Women."    Good  Ag-ents  wanted. 

£  RBDINGTON  &  CO.,  San  Francisco,  Gen.  Pacific  Coast  Agents. 

S  MRS.  GFRVAISS:  GRAHAM,  1261  Michigan  Ave.,  Chicago. 

^  MRS.   WBAVISR-JACRSON,   Hair  Stores  and   Toilet   Parlors,    318  S.  Spring  St.,   Los  An- 
i  geles.    82  Fair  Oaks  Ave.,  cor.  Green  St.,  Pasadena. 


GOLD  MEDAL,  PARIS,  1900 


Baker's 
Breakfast 


Cocoa 


Always  uniform 
in  quality,  abso- 
lutely pure,  deli- 
cious and  nutri- 
tious. 

The  genuine 
goods  bear  our 
trade-mark  on  every 
package. 


TRADE-MARK. 


WALTER  BAKER  &  CO.  Ltd., 
ii«tflWiahed  1780.  DORCHESTER,  MASS. 


A^A    DESERT    JOURNEY 

H>       SOME    NATIVE    BULBS 

EARLY    CALIFORNIA 


Vol.  XIV,  No.  4 


Richly 

IllUBtrated 


^^;^.^;^^^;;iii5^^?;^,^  PAISLS  DEL  SOLOUATAN  EL  ALMA' 


THE  LAND  OF 

SUNSHINE 


"=^ 


5 


THE  MAGAZINE 

CALIFORNIA  AND  THE  WEST 

EDITED  BY  CHAS.  F.  LUMMIS 


< 
< 


AT   SAN   JUAN   CAPISTRANO   MISSION. 


< 


W^mW(MMMm(MM7WW^ 


FOR  TOURISTS 


^^^kii£ 


Hotel  Westminster.... 

LOS  ANGELES 


The 
Qreat 


Tourist 
Hotel 

of 

Los  Angeles 


Every  Modem 

Comfort  and  Convenience 

that  can  be  found 


in  any 
^      Hotel. 


Send  for  Booklet  on 

Los  Angeles  and  environs. 


F.  O.  JOHNSON,  Proprietor 


YOSEMITE  VALLEY 

The  Most  Unique  and  Stupendous 
Feature  of  the  World. 

Visit  the  Valley  early.  The  marvelous  cliffs  and 
domes  and  wonderful  waterfalls  are  viewed  from 
the  floor  of  the  Valley,  or  are  easy  of  nearer  ap- 
proach by  well-built  trails  constructed  by  the  State. 
Yosemite  is  not  a  gloomy  chasm,  but  a  lovely 
mountain  park  accessible  in  every  part  and  replete 
with  interestinsr  and  beautiful  objects.  The  Mari- 
posa Grove  of  Bitr  Trees  are  visited  en  route  to 
Yosemite.  The  grove  numbers  upwards  of  four 
hundred  trees,  from  twenty  to  thirty-four  feet  in 
diameter  and  three  hundred  feet  hijrh. 

To  and  from  the  Vallej'  stop  a  few  days  at 

WAWONA— THE    BEAUTIFUL. 

Probably  no  other  mountain  resort  can  ofTer  so 
many  and  varied  attractions  as  Wawona.  There  is 
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with  every  comfort  and  pleasure. 

Any  atrent  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Company 
will  make  reservation  and  arive  you  full  particulars, 
or  call  on  or  address 

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MISCELLANEOUS. 


EARLY  SPRING  EXPOSITION  OF 
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BOYS'  DEPARTMENTS 

incUided  in  our  Clothing-  Store  that  is  to  be  found  on  the 
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A  DIFFERENT  CALIFORNIA 

Are  all  your  ideas  of  California  correct? 
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noted  San  Joaquin  Valley,  is  to  be  found 
one  of  the  richest  tracts  of  land  in  the  State. 
00,000  acres  of  theLasrunadeTacbe 
grant  for  sale  at  $30  to  $45  per  acre,  in- 
cluding Free  Water  Kight,  at  G2}4 
cents  per  acre  annual  rental  (the  cheapest 
water  in  California).  Send  your  name  and 
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The  Magazine  of  California  and  the  West 

EDITED  BY  CHAS.   F.  LUMMIS 

The  Only  Exclusively  Western  Magazine 


AMONG   THE    STOCKHOLDERS   AND    CONTRIBUTORS   ARE  : 


DAVID  STARR  JORDAN 

President  of  Stanford  University. 

FREDERICK  STARR 

Chicagro  University. 

THEODORE  H.  HiTTEEIv 

The  Historian  of  California. 

MARY  HALLOCK  FOOTE 

Author  of  "The  Led-Horse  Claim,"  etc. 

MARGARET  COIyEIER  GRAHAM 

Author  of  "  Stories  of  the  Foothills." 

GRACE  ELLERY  CHANNING 

Author  of  "  The  Sister  of  a  Saint,"  etc. 

ELIvA  HIGGINSON 

Author  of  *'  A  Forest  Orchid,"  etc. 

JOHN  VANCE  CHENEY 

Author  of  "Thistle  Drift,"  etc. 
CHARLES  WARREN  STODDARD 

The  Poet  of  the  South  Seas. 

INA  COOLBRITH 

Author  of  "  Song-s  from  the  Golden  Gate,"  etc. 
EDWIN  MARKHAM 

Author  of  "  The  Man  With  the  Hoe." 
JOAQUIN  MILLER 

The  Poet  of  the  Sierras. 

CHAS.  FREDERICK  HOLDER 

Author  of  "  The  Life  of  Agrassiz,"  etc. 

CONSTANCE  GODDARD  DU  BOIS 

Author  of  "  The  Shield  of  the  Fleur  de  Lis." 


WILLIAM  KEITH 

The  g-reatest  Western  Painter. 

DR.  WASHINGTON  MATTHEWS 

Ex-Pres.  American  Folk-Lore  Society. 

GEO.  PARKER  WINSHIP 

The  Historian  of  Coronado's  Marches. 

FREDERICK  WEBB  HODGE 

of  the  Bureau  of  Ethnolog-y,  Washing-ton. 
GEO.  HAMLIN  FITCH 

Literary  Editor  S.  F.  "Chronicle." 

CHARLOTTE  PERKINS  STETSON 

Author  of  "  In  This  Our  World." 
CHAS.  HOWARD  SHINN 

Author  of  "  The  Story  of  the  Mine,"  etc. 
T.  S.  VAN  DYKE 

Author  of  "  Rod  and  Gun  in  California,"  etc. 

CHAS.  A.  KEELER 

A  Director  of  the  California  Academy 
of  Sciences. 

LOUISE  M.  KEELER 
ALEX.  F.  HARMER 

L.  MAYNARD  DIXON 

Illustrators, 
ELIZABETH  AND 

JOSEPH  GRINNELL 

Authors  of  "  Our  Feathered  Friends." 
BATTERMAN  LINDSAY, 
CHAS.  DWIGHT  WILLARD 


CONTENTS  FOR  APRIL,  1901: 

The  Rio  Colorado Frontispiece 

The  Colorado  River  (poem),  Sharlot  M.  Hall 275 

Wizards  of  the  Garden,  III,  illustrated,  Chas.  Howard  Shinn.      Carl  Purdy 

and  the  Native  Bulbs 276 

Montezuma's  Well  and  the  Soda  Spring-,  illustrated,  A.  E.  Douglass 291 

The  First  Western  Town  Hall,  illustrated 300 

In  Western  Letters,  illustrated 301 

April  Bloom  (poem),  Juliette  E.  Mathis 305 

The  Rose  of  Yuba  Dam  (story).  Marguerite  Stabler 306 

Dig-ger  Indian  Legends,  III,  L.  M.  Burns 310 

Journalism  in  California  Before  the  Gold  Rush,  Katherine  A.  Chandler 313 

A  New  Mexican  Folk-Song- 318 

"On  a  Certain  Condescension   in  Easterners";    The   Stanford-Ross  Aifair, 

illustrated 320 

In  the  Lion's  Den  (by  the  editor) 333 

That  Which  is  Written  (book  reviews  by  the  editor) 336 

A  View  of  Transportation,  Paul  Morton 341 

Pasadena,  the  City  of  Homes,  illustrated,  C.  D.  Daggett 345 


Copyrifirht  1901. 


Entered  at  the  Los  Ang-eles  Postoffice  as  second-class  matter. 

SBB   PUULISHEK'S   PAGE. 


RESORTS 


Coronado  Beach  Tent  City 

Became  Famous  in  One  Season — 1900 

Because  it  satisfied  the  people  in  every  demand  of  a  Summer  Resort. 
Comfort,  Health  and  Enjoyment. 

...SEASON   1901... 

will  open  June  1st.         Special  Railroad  Rates. 


Write  for 
Illustrated  Pamphlet 


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Coronado  Beach,  Cal. 
H.  F.  NoRCROSS,  Agreiit, 

200  S.  Spring-  St.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Cbe  Eick  l)Ou$e 


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TOURISTS    AflD   CQIfiINQ   CQBfl 

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G.  W.  KINGSBURY,  Mgr. 

Mai(e  a  Note  of  it... 

For  if  you  visit  San  Dieg^o  with- 
out seeing-  I^a  Jolla,  its  caves  and 
fantastic  seashore  erosions  you 
will  miss  the  most  interesting- 
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San  Diego,  Pacific  Beacti  &  La  Joiia  Ry  Go. 

SAN  DIEQO,  CAL. 


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fort.   The  latter  can  be  had  at 

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How  Shall  I 
Paint  It? 

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new  house,  to  solve.    He  wants  help.    And  Just  the  help  he 
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prevents  early  wrinkles.      It  is  not  a  freckle  coatinsr  ;    it  re- 
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T><B    LANDS    or    THE    SUN     EXPAND    THB    SOUL.' 


THE  LAND  OF 

SUNSHINE 


VOL.  14.  NO.  4.  LOS    ANGELES 


APRIL,  1  901 


The  Colorado  River. 

AT  HIGH   WATER,  JUNE,    1900 

BY    SHARLOT    M.     HALL. 

Long-,  silent  leagues  of  ever-shifting-  sand, 
White-hot  and  shimmering  to  the  distant  hills 
Where  wheeling  slow  the  whirlwind  dips  and  fills, 
Or  beckons  like  some  shadowy,  giant  hand  ; 
Gray  wisps  of  greasewood  and  mesquite  that  stand 
In  withered  patches  like  an  old  man's  beard. 
Ragged  and  grizzled  ;  nearer,  dark  and  weird. 
The  river  slips  along  the  cringeing  land, 
Swift  to  possess  and  loath  to  give  again  ; 
Foam-ribbed  and  sullen,  staggering  with  the  weight 
Of  forests  spoiled,  he  takes  his  price  in  full  ; 
Stern  toll  for  every  drop  to  land  and  men — 
In  witness  there — poor  pawn  of  love  or  hate  !  — 
Caught  in  a  drift  a  grinning  human  skull. 


Copyright  1901  by  Land  of  Sunshine  Pub.  Co. 


276 


Wizards  of  the  Garden 

(third  paper.) 
CARL    PURDY    AND    THE    NATIVE    BULBS 

BY    CHARLES    HOWARD    SHINN 

HILE  California  was  still  a  Mexican 
province  that  sturdy  Scotchman,  David 
Douglas,  the  famous  botanist  and  plant- 
discoverer,  found  and  described  some  of 
the  wild  bulb-g-ardens  of  the  Pacific  Coast. 
This  was  between  1827  and  1833,  and  he 
sent  bulbs  of  man}'^  species  to  England, 
where  the}^  were  grown,  exhibited  at  floral 
shows,  named,  described,  illustrated  with  color  plates  and 
much  admired.  It  was  generally  felt  by  horticulturists  that 
most  valuable  additions  had  thus  been  made  to  the  gardens 
of  Europe. 

These  glowing  expectations  were  doomed  to  a  long  disap- 
pointment, for  there  was  then  no  Carl  Purdy  to  study  the 
habits  and  surroundings  of  the  native  bulbs,  week  in  and 
week  out,  at  all  seasons,  in  all  parts  of  California,  and  so 
to  master  his  subject  as  to  be  able  to  simplif}^  their  un- 
doubtedly difficult  culture,  finally  making  it  practicable  in 
both  Europe  and  America  to  grow  these  most  beautiful 
plants  as  easily  as  anemones,  tulips  and  hyacinths.  Im- 
portation after  importation  had  failed  utterly,  and  Euro- 
pean gardeners  had  given  up  the  effort  until  hardly  a 
catalogue  ventured  to  list  these  shy,  wild  bulbs  of  Cali- 
fornia ;  even  when  a  few  species  appeared,  it  was  without 
cultural  directions,  and  at  prices  which  kept  them  beyond 
the  reach  of  the  average  purse. 

Now,  this  was  not  a  small  matter,  though  it  might  easily 
seem  so  to  a  casual  observer.  Here  was  a  neglected  in- 
dustry ;  here  was  a  very  large  group 
of  many  genera  and  species  of 
bulbous-rooted  plants,  natives  of  the 
Pacific  Coast,  quite  lost  sight  of, 
while  the  bulb-flora  of  regions  like 
South  Africa  was  receiving  all  pos- 
sible attention  from  collectors,  deal- 
ers, growers  and  plant-breeders. 

The  work  of  making  this  neglected 
class  of  plants  widely  known  required 
peculiar  qualities,  a  combination,  in 
brief,  of  the  equipments  of  field- 
botanist,  horticulturist  and  business 
organizer.  During  the  last  twenty 
years,  a  very  interesting  Californian,     cakl  pukdv,  jan.,  1901. 


MARKING   VARIETIES   OF   LIIvIUM    WASHINGTONIUM    IN    PURDY'S   GARDEN. 


278  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

Carl  Purdy  of  Ukiah,  has  buik  up  connections  all  over  the 
world,  has  created  a  trade  in  Pacific  Coast  bulbs,  has  made 
an  enviable  reputation  at  home  and  abroad  as  a  specialist 
upon  their  culture  and  botan}^  and  is  now  working",  with 
Luther  Burbank  of  Santa  Rosa,  to  develop  new  races  of 
California  hybrid  and  cross-bred  lilies.  More  than  this,  he 
is  steadily  developing-  unthought-of  possibilities  in  the  way 
of  cultivating  species  of  exotic  bulbs  here,  so  that  Cali- 
fornia, under  his  guidance,  bids  fair  to  become  more,  of  a 
world's  bulb-gfarden  than  Holland  or  the  Channel  Isles  — 
and  bulb-growing  represents  one  of  the  very  highest  arts 
of  intensive  horticulture. 

Carl  Purdy  was  born  at  Dansville,  Michig-an,  March  16th, 
1861.  His  ancestors  on  both  sides  were  among-  the  first 
settlers  in  colonial  Connecticut.  When  he  was  only  four 
years  old,  his  parents  "crossed  the  plains"  by  the  old  emi- 
g-rant  trail,  stopping-  for  a  time  at  Truckee  Meadows, 
Nevada.  But  in  1870  the  family  settled  down  in  fertile  and 
beautiful  Ukiah  Valley,  in  the  heart  of  Mendocino  county, 
and  here  the  boy  g-rew  up,  fought  his  way  to  a  fair  educa- 
tion, was  for  a  time  a  school-teacher,  married  a  very  help- 
ful and  attractive  wife,  and  little  by  little  took  up  his 
life-work,  this  new  bulb-culture,  which  may  possibly  prove 
to  be  the  occupation  of  his  family  for  several  g-enerations  to 
come. 

The  first  distinct  view  that  we  obtain  of  this  tall,  g"ray- 
eyed  California  boy,  back  in  the  Seventies,  is  that  of  a 
faithful  little  toiler,  "making  garden"  for  an  elder  sister, 
and  visiting-  a  famous  old  Glasg-ow  Scotchman,  Alexander 
McNab,  who  had  made  his  home  in  the  valley  and  was  a 
notable  flower-lover,  receiving-  rare  plants  and  seeds  from 
every  part  of  the  world.  The  broad,  thinly-settled  valley 
and  the  dull,  narrow-hearted  villag-e  seemed  to  offer  little  or 
nothing-  to  keep  any  boy  there  ;  others  left  to  look  for  wider 
activities.  But  this  boy  held  on,  quietly,  patiently,  weav- 
ing his  web  of  life  in  the  land  where  he  belonged,  and  that, 
as  I  take  it,  is  much  to  his  credit.  At  the  ag-e  of  eighteen 
he  was  teaching  a  small  country  school. 

About  this  time  (1879)  some  American  firm  of  seeds- 
men wrote  to  Mr.  McNab  asking  if  native  bulbs  could  .not 
be  obtained.  He  turned  the  letter  over  to  the  young- school- 
teacher, and  the  latter  sent  a  pressed  Calochortus  flower, 
and  afterward  sold  "a  hundred  bulbs  for  $1.50,"  the  beg^in- 
ning  of  a  business  that  g-raduall}^  increased  until  by  1888 
school-teaching  was  given  up,  and  at  the  present  time  Mr. 
Purdy  gives  most  of  his  attention  to  the  business,  dis- 
tributes yearly  something  like  a  (luarter  of  a  million  native 
bulbs  to  European    and    American  wholesalers,  employs  a 


WIZARDS    OF    THE    GARDEN.  279 

number  of  assistant  collectors,  and  has  become  recog-nized 
as  the  g-reatest  living-  authority  on  Pacific  Coast  bulbs. 
Nevertheless  the  bulk  of  his  business  is  done  with  a  few 
larg-e  firms,  and  he  sells  few  bulbs  in  California,  for  as  yet 
there  is  hardly  any  demand  at  home.  Our  own  bulbs  are 
too  different  from  the  old  florist  types,  but  flower-lovers  are 
beg"inning-  to  recogfnize  their  value. 

At  the  present  time  the  Californian  bulbs  known  to 
planters  consist  of  about  one  hundred  and  forty-five  dis- 
tinct varieties  and  species.  The  Brodiaeas,  handsome, 
hardy  bulbs  with  showy,  long--keeping-  flowers  in  umbels, 
chiefly  white,  blue,  purple,  yellow,  lilac  or  pink  in  color, 
include  about  thirty  species  grouped  by  Purdy  in  six  sec- 
tions. The  Calochorti,  which  include  some  of  the  most 
g-raceful  as  well  as  some  of  the  most  showy  flowers  in  the 
world,  consist  of  about  forty  species  and  varieties,  arrang-ed , 
by  Purd}^  in  three  sections  and  a  number  of  minor  groups 
and  strains.  This  family  represents  one  of  the  most  diffi- 
cult of  known  assemblages  of  species  for  the  botanist  to 
classify,  on  account  of  remarkable  variations  resulting  from 
natural  crosses  and  hybrids  throug^h  ages  past.  It  is  onl}^  a 
tireless  field-botanist  who  is  capable  of  writing  a  mono- 
graph on  the  gfreat  Calochortus  family  with  its  lovely  "star 
tulips"  (once  called  cyclobothras)  ;  its  "  sego  lilies  "  from 
Utah  ;  its  dazzling-  scarlet  species  of  the  desert  (C.  Ken- 
nedyi)  ;  its  superb  yellow  "clavatus"  forms,  and  its  hardy 
and  vig-orous  types  of  the  true  Mariposas,  or  "butterfly 
tulips."  These  and  many  other  forms  g-rowing-  wild,  closely 
approach  each  other  by  gradations  of  the  most  interesting- 
character  which  in  the  end  bring-  to  g-rief  the  mere  closet- 
botanist  who  is  always  in  dang-er  of  cling-ing-  too  closely  to 
his  type  specimen.  Besides  these  families  of  bulbs,  there 
are  the  Camassias,  food-bulbs  of  bears  and  Indians  ;  the  ex- 
quisite Krythroniums  (dog--tooth  violets)  ;  the  Fritillarias, 
Bloomerias  and  Trilliums,  the  fine  Clintonias  of  our  red- 
wood forests,  and  many  other  beautiful  bulbs  which  are 
becoming-  favorites  in  distant  lands. 

The  wild  lilies  collected  by  Mr.  Purdy  include  about 
fifteen  species,  arranged  by  him  in  four  g-roups.  Some 
resemble  the  well  known  tig-er-lily  ;  some  are  white,  yellow 
or  pink,  and,  taken  collectively,  they  form  one  of  the  most 
promising-  of  beg-inning-s  for  the  plant-breeder.  It  is  in  such 
lilies  that  Luther  Burbank  has  made  an  especially  interest- 
ing- "  new  departure."  Some  of  the  California  wild  lilies, 
as  they  g-row  in  the  mountains  in  localities  adapted  to  their 
finest  development,  form  wonderful  masses  of  color  and 
motion.  I  have  seen  L.  Humboldti  at  its  splendid  best  on  a 
spring--fed  mountain  slope  beside  the  American  River,  where 


WIZARDS    OF    THE    GARDEN.  281 

an  acre  of  tall  plants  in  full  carnelian-red  splendor  stood 
with  stems  a  handsbreadth  apart,  under  giant  conifers, 
moving-,  flashing,  in  the  Sierra  wind  and  sun.  But  no  one 
has  yet  succeeded  in  finding  the  wholh'  satisfactory  kind  of 
lil)^  to  endure  drought  and  tr34ng  conditions  of  the  average 
garden.  Therefore  3^ears  ago  Mr.  Purdy  and  Mr.  Burbank 
began  to  work  upon  the  interesting  problem — one,  by 
choosing  hardiest  stock  and  native  hybrids  ;  the  other  by 
crossing  and  raising  thousands  of  seedlings.  Finally,  after 
much  selection  from  these,  the  best  were  sent  to  a  natural 
lih^-garden  in  the  mountains  between  Mendocino  and  Lake 
counties,  where  Mr.  Purdy  watches  and  works  to  improve 
them  still  further.  There  is  no  other  lily-garden  in  the 
world  that  holds  more  promise  of  improvement  and  more 
hardy  t3^pes  than  this.  Color,  shape  and  habit  of  growth 
have  all  developed  surprisingh^,  and  the  end  is  not  yet. 

It  is  probable  that  these  two  men  will  here  in  ten  years 
produce  more  new  and  desirable  varieties  of  lilies  than  have 
been  produced  by  all  the  lily-growers  in  the  world  during 
the  last  century. 

Leaving  these  things,  let  us  return  to  Purdy,  the  man,  as 
he  appears  to  an  observer  these  Januar}^  days  of  1901. 
Different  in  almost  all  outward  respects  from  Burbank,  at 
once  more  Puritan,  more  saturnine,  more  weighted  down 
with  a  sense  of  life's  responsibilities,  and  nevertheless  more 
blessed  with  an  underljang  humor,  he  is  not  unlike  Burbank 
in  his  love  of  the  outdoor  world  and  his  absolute  veracity. 
He  has  more  interests,  more  diversity  of  occupations  and 
more  social  relations  than  our  garden-centered  marvel, 
Burbank,  and  he  possesses  in  a  higher  degree  those  organiz- 
ing faculties  which  can  use  subordinates.  He  has  written 
and  published  a  good  deal,  sometimes  on  topics  of  merely 
local  interest,  but  oftener  on  subjects  of  more  permanent 
importance.  I  had  hoped  to  make  room  for  a  list  of  his 
botanical  papers,  but  can  only  speak  briefly  of  the  more 
important  of  these.  The}^  are  scattered  through  the  ten 
volumes  of  Professor  Sargent's  Garden  and  Forest,  the 
recent  issues  (since  1897)  of  the  London  Garden,  the  May- 
flower, and  Erythea.  Often  they  are  upon  redwoods  and 
other  forest  topics  ;  many  are  botanical  and  outdoor  studies, 
and  all  are  singularly  simple,  exact  and  convincing.  His 
7nagmun  opus,  now  in  press,  soon  to  appear  as  a  publica- 
tion of  the  California  Academy  of  Science,  is  titled, 
"  Revision  of  the  Genus  Calochortus."  This  really  repre- 
sents the  botanical  labor  of  twentj^  years,  and  it  should 
secure  Mr.  Purdy  an  honorable  place  among  the  specialists. 

Summing  up  Mr.  Purdy 's  work  for  California  horticul- 
ture, it  can  truthfully  be  said  that  he  first  made  the  collec- 


WIZARDS    OF    THE    GARDEN. 


283 


tion  and  sale  of  wild  bulbs  successful  by  studying-  and 
systematizing-  their  culture  in  his  own  Ukiah  garden,  after 
collecting  them  in  their  native  places.  He  then  devoted 
special  attention  to  lilies  and  calochortuses,  selecting  and 
introducing  the  best  strains.  It  only  remained  for  him  to 
develop  general  bulb-culture,  and  this  is  now  one  of  his 
most  important  lines  of  work.  He  believes  that  nearly  all 
the  profitable  species  of  bulbs  grown  for  market  in  the 
older  centers  of  horticulture  can  be  grown  quite  as  well 
here  as  in  France  or  Holland.  In  some  respects  we 
have  advantages  over  the  classic  bulb-growing  regions,  and 
Mr.  Purdy  is  now  growing  daffodils  and  other  bulbs  ex- 
pecting- to  ship  the  future  crop  to  bulb-merchants  abroad. 


A    GI.IMPSB   OF    PURDY'S   I.II.Y-GARDEN. 


Daffodil  culture  heretofore  has  been  only  a  flower  indus- 
try in  California.  Nearly  all  the  daffodil  gardens  are 
close  to  the  Ba}^  of  San  Francisco.  The  largest  and  oldest 
is  situated  near  Niles,  but  as  that  is  a  family  affair,  it 
would  hardly  be  proper  to  expound  its  advantages  here. 
All  daffodil  gardens  are  glorious  when  in  bloom,  and  are 
favorites  of  art  and  literature.  Central  and  Northern 
California  seem  better  suited  to  the  large-scale  culture  of 
daffodils,  jonquils  and  other  species  of  Narcissi  than  do  the 
southern  counties. 

Daffodils  grown  in  the  valleys  are  not  so  early  as  those 
grown  on  the  hillsides,  and  thus  it  happens  that  the  finest 


WIZARDS    OF    THE    GARDEN. 


285 


A   2-PETAI.ED   SBEDI^ING   I.II.Y. 


daffodils  that  the  wealth  and  fashion  of  San  Francisco  are 
able  to  wear  come  from  a  most  excellentl}"  kept  g-arden,  that 
of  Mrs.  Ivy  Kersey,  at  Haywards,  Alameda  county.  This 
lady  has  long-  collected  the  leading-  species  and  varieties  of 
daffodils — those  that  Barr  and  others  have  found,  and  that 
Burbidge,  Eng-lehardt  and  others  have  hybridized,  cross- 
bred and  improved  almost  be3"ond  reckoning-.  She  certainly 
takes  hig-h  rank  among-  daffodil-g-rowers  of  California,  and 
is  also  doing-  g-ood  work  with  Spanish  and  English  irises 
and  other  g-enera  of  bulbs.  Like  Mr.  Purdy  she  believes 
it  possible  that  California  will  become  a  leading-  bulb- 
producer,  and  is  tr}  ing-  experiments  with  cross-breeding- 
varieties.     But  as  long-  as  the  flowers  are  in  such  demand, 


SKVKKAI^   SPECIES   OF    LAI.OCHOK  ii. 
(California  Mariposa  TulipsJ 


WIZARDS    OF    THE    GARDEN. 


287 


bulb-g"ardens 
ne  ar  San 
Fr  ancis  co 
will  continue 

to     SUppl}' 

chieflN'  the 
flower  mar- 
kets. Some 
of  these  days 
if  our  plant- 
breeders  pro- 
duce suffi- 
ciently im- 
proved vari- 
eties of  the 
Irises,  Glad- 
ioli or  Nar- 
cissi, whole 
carloads  of 
California- 
grown  bulbs 
ma)"  go  forth 
to  the  utter- 
most bounds 
of  civiliza- 
tion. 

There  is 
a  1  r  e  a  d  3"  a 
larg-e  and  in- 
creasing- de- 
mand for  Cal- 
ifornia-g"rown 
Some  of  the 
earth  has  to 
Barbara 


I.II.Y   SPIKES,    IN   THE   FIKI.D. 


seeds  of  veg^etables  and  flowers  and  trees, 
most  beautiful  garden-acres  that  the  wide 
show  are  in  Los  Ang-eles,  Ventura,  Santa 
Santa  Cruz,  Santa  Clara,  San  Mateo,  San  Rafael, 
Alameda,  Humboldt  and  other  counties  for  the  production 
of  "out-door"  seeds,  which  are  larg-er,  heavier,  morehig-hly 
vitalized  than  seeds  of  corresponding-  species  and  varieties 
g-athered  in  Europe,  often  from  pot-g-rown  plants  under 
artificial  conditions.  Even  the  "novelties"  of  the  modern 
seed  catalog-ue  do  not  always  come  from  Europe.  But  the 
story  of  California  as  a  seed-g-rowing-  land,  thoug-h  one  of 
the  most  attractive  chapters  of  modern  horticultural  his- 
tory, must  be  left  until  "a  more  convenient  season."  Every 
one  of  our  famous  seed-g-rowers,  here  as  elsewhere,  is 
shaking-  pollen  dust  on  opening-  pistils  and  sowing  seeds  of 
promise.  Thus  it  has  come  to  pass  that  there  is  now  as 
much  need  of  a  book  upon  California  floriculture   as  there 


288  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

ever   was    for   books    (which    we    fortunately  have)   upon 
"California  Fruits"  and  "California  Vegetables." 

In  conclusion,  however,  returning-  to  the  two  men  whose 
work  for  horticulture  has  been  briefl}^  considered  in  these 
three  papers,  we  are  broug-ht  face  to  face  with  a  problem. 
Our  Government  each  year  appropriates  $40,000  to  each 
State  in  two  funds,  the  Morrill  Aid  and  the  Hatch,  more 
than  half  of  which  is  used  for  agricultural  education  and 
for  experiment  stations.  Why  is  it,  men  sometimes  ask, 
that  such  productive  energies  as  those  of  Luther  Burbank 
and  Carl  Purdy  are  not  somewhere  employed  in  this  im- 
mense governmental  system  ?  Why  should  not  the  State 
and  the  Nation  utilize  such  a  plant-breeder  as  Burbank, 
who  has  produced  more  "novelties"  in  ten  years  than  all 
the  experiment  stations  of  America  ?  And  the  answer  is 
this  :  such  a  man  cannot  be  harnessed  to  a  small  salary, 
strict  supervision  and  the  complicated  machinery  of  official 
life.  He  must  forever  "walk  alone  like  a  rhinoceros."  He 
has  not  had  the  close  training  required  to  plan  and  organize 
scientific  experiments  such  as  those  carried  on  at  Rotham- 
stead  in  England,  and  at  man}^  places  in  America.  Much 
less  can  he  become  the  hireling  of  any  system,  to  make  re- 
ports, answer  questions,  obey  orders  and  give  up  his  pres- 
ent independence.  The  experiment  stations  do  require  and 
obtain  great  practical  talents  and  high  scientific  attain- 
ments, and  they  are  working  in  harmony  with  all  that  is 
done  by  such  strongly  individualized  horticulturists  as 
Burbank  ;  but  beyond  all  this,  they  are  studying  and  en- 
deavoring to  apply  those  principles  which  in  the  largest 
sense  underlie  all  agriculture.  Modern,  intensive  horticul- 
ture is  a  resultant  of  the  teachings  and  practice  of  the 
best  agricultural  science  as  exemplified  in  the  experiment 
stations,  and  one  of  the  most  favorable  signs  of  the  future 
of  this  science  in  America  is  the  increasing  number  of  men 
and  women  of  skill,  often  of  positive  genius,  who  are 
magicians,  according  to  their  several  abilities,  in  Nature's 
limitless  realm  of  fruits  and  flowers. 

University  of  California. 


ARD-RIGH    DAFFODILS,    AT    HAYWARDS. 


291 


Montezuma's  Well  and  the  Soda 
Spring,  Arizona. 


BY    A.    E      DOUGLASS. 


O  an  Kastern  man  it  is  remarkable  how 
quickl}^  and  cheaply  a  camping-  part}^  in 
Arizona  is  org-anized  and  started.  For  our 
proposed  nine-day  trip  south  from  Flag-- 
staff  it  was  onl}"  necessar}^  to  borrow  all 
the  supplies  for  the  eight  members  of  our 
part}^  and  the  wagfon,  from  varioUvS 
neighbors.  On  the  morning  of  our  de- 
parture the  freig-ht  wag-on  with  its  driver 
— who  is  also  an  excellent  cook — stopped 
at  the  principal  store  of  the  town  and  took  on  board  a 
plentiful  supply  of  canned  g-oods,  flour  and  vegetables.  At 
the  very  comfortable  hour  of  ten  o'clock  the  "ambu- 
lance "  picked  up  the  members  of  the  party,  the  ladies  dis- 
playing becoming  sunbonnets,  while  the  gentlemen  were  in 
old  clothes  and  riding-  legging-s.  The  canteens  were  filled 
— for  in  this  country  water  cannot  be  had  for  the  asking- — 
and  we  started  off. 

The  season  had  been  rainy  and  the  roads  were  bad,  so 
the  first  nig-ht  we  stopped  at  Munn's  ranch,  only  twenty- 
one  miles  from  town.     It  was  well  we  were  not  obliged  to 


I^OG  CABINS  ON  DRY  BEAVRR  CREEK. 


292  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

use  our  tents,  for  it  rained  all  nig-ht.  The  ladies  had  the 
ranchman's  cabin,  a  log-  house  with  a  fine  big-  fireplace, 
but  somewhat  over-ventilated,  as  the  window  had  been  car- 
ried away,  and  some  former  visitors  had  used  a  log  from 
the  side  of  the  house  for  firewood.  The  g-entlemen's  pro- 
tection was  a  shed  close  by,  clean  and  dry  but  lacking-  one 
end,  and  showing  large  opening's  in  the  wall  on  all  sides. 
The  rain,  however,  came  down  vertically  and  we  were  per- 
fectly dry. 

The  next  day  carried  us  out  of  the  pine  forest  down  to  a 
lower  level  where  the  junipers  grow.  This  level  is  a  plain 
fifteen  miles  wide,  caused  by  a  lava  stream  spreading  out 
over  a  flat  layer  of  limestone.  We  passed  in  succession 
Pine  Tanks,  Cedar  Tanks  and  Rattlesnake  Tanks  (a  "tank" 
is  a  little  pool  of  dirty  water — the  only  water  to  be  had  in 
this  desolate  region),  and  camped  at  Devil's  Cavern,  hav- 
ing- passed  over,  that  day,  some  of  the  worst  roads  in  Ari- 
zona. The  night  was  clear  and  beautiful,  and  we  spread 
upon  the  open  ground,  near  the  campfire,  each  our  sheet 
of  canvas  with  several  very  heavy  Indian  blankets  upon  it. 

Devil's  Cavern  was  the  least  noticeable  object  in  the  sur- 
rounding's. A  little  way  from  the  road  there  was  a  slight 
depression  in  the  otherwise  level  g-round,  and  at  the  center 
of  this  a  hole  four  feet  long-  by  two  wide.  Standing:  over 
it  one  could  perceive  that  it  opened  into  a  larg-e  cave  with 
tree-trunks  passing-  from  side  to  side  down  which  one 
might  climb.  It  was  just  twenty  feet  down  to  the  top  of 
the  hug-e  pile  of  debris  which  stood  in  the  center  of  the 
cavern.  The  actual  floor  was  twenty  feet  lower  yet,  and 
passageways  extended  one  hundred  feet  in  one  direction 
and  two  hundred  in  another. 

The  third  day  took  us  past  the  '*  Rim,"  another  descent 
to  a  lower  level — a  level  where,  from  the  heat  and  dryness, 
trees  do  not  g-row  at  all  except  along-  water-courses.  Here 
at  last  we  reached  Beaver  Creek — fifty  miles  from  Flagstaff 
and  only  3300  feet  above  the  sea — and  settled  ourselves  at 
F'inney's  ranch. 

Just  before  reaching  the  creek  the  road  passes  near 
Montezuma's  Well,  the  great  natural  curiosity  of  this 
region.  It  is  a  large  circular  opening-  in  the  ground,  some 
four  hundred  feet  across  and  a  hundred  feet  deep.  The 
walls  are  precipitous,  and  are  here  and  there  lined  with  well 
preserved  dwellings  of  the  ancient  Indian  inhabitants  of  the 
country,  whose  name  and  history  were  long-  since  lost.  At 
the  bottom  of  the  well  is  a  pool  of  water  three  hundred 
feet  long-  by  two  hundred  wide.  Its  color  is  dark  green,  and 
its  depth,  recently  measured,  varies  between  60  and  85  feet. 
Around  the  edge  of  the  pond,  and  twenty  feet  from  shore. 


MONTEZUMA'S     WELL    AND    THE    SODA    SPRING.       293 

is  a  fringe  of  weeds,  but  the  taste  of  the  water  is  g-ood  ;  and 
after  once  passing-  the  line  of  weeds  the  swimming  is  de- 
lightful. The  "well"  is  fed  by  some  hidden  spring  and 
has  an  outlet. 

The  well  is  in  a  hill,  and  its  southern  wall  is  less  than 
forty  feet  thick,  forming  on  the  farther  side  a  cliff  over- 
hanging Beaver  Creek.  Through  this  wall  the  water  has 
made  its  way,  coming  out  in  a  rushing  stream.  Inside 
the  wall,  and  near  the  outlet,  is  a  cave,  which  was  once 
filled  with  dwellings  of  the  prehistoric  races.  In  the  far 
end  of  the  cave  is  a  tiny  rill  of  water — a  part  of  the  stream 


AT  THK   OUTLET  OP^    "  MONTEZUMA'S   WEIvI.." 

which  leaves  the  well.  Of  what  priceless  importance  this 
was  to  the  former  inhabitants  who  built  in  these  inac- 
cessible places  to  save  themselves  from  besieging  tribes  ! 

This  very  remarkable  formation  is  not,  as  man}^  suppose, 
an  ancient  crater  ;  its  only  connection  with  volcanic  action 
is  that  it  is  formed  in  a  light-colored  rock  that  was  once 
flowing  lava.  It  began  as  an  immense  "blow-hole"  or 
hollow  in  the  rock,  which  has  been  enormously  enlarged  b}- 
the  assistance  of  the  flowing  water.  It  was  probably  at 
one  time  very  like  Devil's  Cavern,  described  above. 

The  other  great  natural  curiosity  which  drew  us  to  this 
place  was  the  "  Soda  Spring  "  on  Finney's  ranch.     It  is  on 


MONTEZUMA'S    WELL    AND    THE    SODA    SPRING.       295 


IN    A    DOOR    OF    "  MONTEZUMA'S   CASTI^K. 


a  level  with  the  creek,  and  only  a  few  rods  from  it.  Upon 
examining-  it  one  finds  apparently  a  basin  ten  feet  square 
of  lukewarm  water,  clear  as  crystal  and  with  a  clean 
sandy  bottom  eig"hteen  inches  below  the  surface.  The 
taste  of  the  water  is  like  weak  apollinaris.  But  if  one  at- 
tempts to  stand  on  the  nice  sandy  bottom  he  will  g-o  down, 
until  the  water  is  breast-high  and  there  stop,  standing  up- 
rig-ht  on  nothing.  The  spring  is  in  reality  quite  deep,  and 
yet,  with  a  man  upon  my  shoulders  I  could  not  get  en- 
tirely under  water  so  long  as  I  remained  erect.  One  can 
simply  sit  on  the  water  and  paddle  about.  As  with  the 
well  the  temperature  is  mild,  and  one  can  stay  in  almost 
any  length  of  time. 

The  cause  of  this  curious  phenomenon  is  to  be  found  in 
the  uprush  of  water  and  gas  which  constitutes  the  spring. 
The  sand  is  clean  and  heavy,  and  in  some  wa}^  distributes 
the  pressure  of  the  upcoming  water  and  gas,  so  that  while 
a  small   stone  or  a    bit  of   glass    sinks  through    the  clear 


296 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


IN    THE    SODA    SPRING,    FINNEY'S    RANCH. 

water,  it  stops  on  reaching  the  surface  of  the  sand.  A  dip 
in  this  spring-  is  a  sensation  of  a  life  time.  The  water  is 
so  good  and  the  buoyancy  so  remarkable,  and  the  shade 
of  the  trees  all  about  so  delightful,  that  one  is  not  Ikely 
to  have  had  just  such  a  bath  before. 

Other  points  of  interest  were  visited.  Some  five  miles 
from  the  ranch  are  the  "Inscription  Rocks,"  a  fine  wall  of 
red  stone  thirty  feet  high  and  covered  upon  its  lower  surfaces 
with  innumerable  "pictographs,"  figures  of  animals  and 
men,  chipped  into  the  surface  with  a  stone  hammer.  They 
are  similar  to  many  found  in  Tempe,  near  Phc^nix,  and  in 
other  parts  of  Arizona.* 

A  whole  day  was  spent  in  a  trip  to  "Montezuma's  Castle," 
a  prehistoric  dwelling  set  high  in  a  cliff  on  the  north  bank 
of  Beaver  creek  about  ten  miles  below  Finney's  ranch  and 
several  miles  from  Camp  Verde,  an  abandoned  army  post. 


*But  should  not  be  confounded  with  the  famous  "Inscription  Rocl<,"  El  Morro, 
which  is  in  New  Mexico.— Ei). 


MONTEZUMA'S    WELL    AND    THE    SODA    SPRING. 


297 


The  cliff  rises  some  two  hundred  feet  above  the  creek  and 
has  a  high  talus  at  the  bottom.  The  climb  to  the  build- 
ings is  difficult  and  accomplished  only  b}^  the  aid  of  crude 
ladders  for  overcoming-  the  worst  places.  The  material  of 
the  cliff  is  volcanic  and  it  has  in  its  face  a  hollow  some 
fifty  feet  high  and  twenty  feet  from  front  to  rear  and  over 
one  hundred  feet  above  the  creek.  The  builders  took  advant- 
age of  this  to  rear  a  complicated  system  of  rooms,  one 
above  another.  The  supporting  walls  are  of  stone  laid  in 
some  kind  of  mortar,  while  heavy  cross-beams  eight  inches 
in  diameter  pass  between  these  and  support  a  matting  of 
rushes  and  a  layer  of  earth.     The   doorwa3^s   between  the 


t^Sw                         %j^^^^H| 

^^^H[^l^p^B|j|^^^^^^^^^^^^:     '~   '  »«^   ,^.|^ 

9^^^^^^^^^^^Kmi 

CASTI.E   AND   BEIvI^    ROCK"    FKOM    "THE    RED   ROCK    COUNTRY. 


rooms  are  small  and  in  some  cases  triangular,  standing  on 
one  corner,  so  to  speak,  so  that  as  one  stoops  over  to  pass 
through,  it  is  wide  at  the  top  where  the  body  passes  and 
narrow  at  the  bottom,  leaving  only  'room  for  the  feet. 
There  are  about  fifteen  rooms  in  all,  most  of  them  about 
eight  feet  square,  and  high  enough  to  stand  up  in.  The}^ 
are  all  covered  with  soot  from  the  fires  which  their  former 
occupants  used  for  cooking — hardl3%  we  may  suppose,  for 
warmth,  because  upon  the  day  of  our  trip  the  thermometer 
was  only  a  few  degrees  less  than  100°  in  the  shade.  The 
climb  up  the  face  of  that  cliff  in  the  blazing  sunlight  made 
a  remarkable  impression  upon  us.  Thanks  to  Mr.  F.  C. 
Reid  (of  our  party)  subscriptions  for  insuring  the  preserva- 


298 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


tion  of  this  wonderful  and  accessible  relic  have  been  col- 
lected, and  the  work  has  been  done. 

The  day  before  our  start  for  home  was  given  to  a  horse- 
back ride  to  the  Red  Rock  countr}^  seventeen  miles  to  the 
northwest.  It  g-ets  its  name  from  the  out-cropping  of  red 
sandstone  all  over  the  bottom  of  the  valley.  The  general 
formation  is,  of  course,  like  that  of  the  Grand  Canon, 
lacking  the  latter's  tremendous  depth.  The  canon  is,  how- 
ever, some  two  thousand  feet  deep,  and  here  widens  out  to 
a  breadth  of  six  or  eight  miles  with  jagged,  precipitous 
hills  scattered  over  the  valley.     These  are  worn  into  fan- 


BRANDING   A    '*  MAVRRICK. 


tastic  shapes,  presenting  many  remarkable  forms  which 
have  received  such  names  as  the  Castle,  the  Cathedral,  Bell 
Rock  and  the  Monument. 

The  ride  to  this  country  with  a  guide  gave  opportunity 
for  seeing  one  phase  of  the  life  in  the  less  known  parts  of 
Arizona.  The  guide  was  a  young  fellow  of  sixteen  who 
had  never  been  more  than  sixty  miles  from  home.  On  the 
road  he  spied  a  bunch  of  cattle  and  amongst  them  a  heifer 
not  branded.  In  a  few  minutes  he  had  ''roped''  it,  thrown 
it  down,  tied  its  feet  together,  lit  a  lire  to  heat  his  brand- 
ing iron,  and  finally  in  twenty  minutes  from  the  start  the 
heifer  was  branded  with   his  initials,  I  had  taken   his  fpic- 


THE    FIRST    WESTERN     "  TOWN-HALL."  299 

ture,  and  we  were  off  again.  He  was  vastly  amazed  when 
I  told  him  that  cattle  did  not  have  to  be  branded  in  the 
part  of  the  countr}^  that  I  came  from,  and  that  we  could 
g-et  water  an3^where  without  having-  to  "pack"  it  in  can- 
teens or  drink  from  muddj^  pools  full  of  polliwog-s,  as  we 
did  on  that  trip  to  the  Red  Rock  country. 

This  ride  was  beneath  a  sun  and  in  a  temperature  which 
is  incorrectly  credited  to  the  whole  of  Arizona.  The  tem- 
perature was  100^  in  the  shade  that  day,  but  owing-  to  the 
dryness  it  was  far  from  unbearable.  The  return  trip  to 
Flag-staff,  occupying-  two  days  more,  was  a  constant  de- 
lig-htful  improvement.  Flagstaff  itself,  at  an  altitude  of 
seven  thousand  feet,  and  in  its  surrounding-s  of  dark  pine 
forest,  proved  so  cool  that  overcoats  were  necessar3\  Such 
is  the  difference  between  low  and  hig-h  reg-ions  in  warm 
countries. 

Lowell  Observatorj^  Flag-staff,  Arizona. 


'  The  First  Western     Town-Hall." 

"  jigNOIyTON    HALL,"    of    which  a  recent    photograph  is    g-iven 

vSx     below,   was  the  first  "  American"  public  building  west  of 

TL       the  Missouri,  and  historically  is  most  interesting.     It  was 

built  by  that  charming  pioneer,  Rev.  Walter  Colton,  the  first 

American  civil  officer  in  California;  and  in  it  was  held,  beginning 

Sept.  1,  1849,  the  famous  convention  which  drafted  the  constitution 

under  which  California  was  admitted  to  the  Union  a  year  later. 

Colton  was  chaplain  of  the  frigate  "  Congress,"  U,  S.  Navy.  Two 
weeks  after  the  American  flag  was  first  raised  in  California  (July  10, 
1846)  he  was  appointed  Alcalde  (mayor  and  judge)  of  Monterey,  then 
the  capital.  The  next  month  (Aug.  15)— having  found  a  superan- 
nuated press  and  type — he  and  Robert  Semple  issued  the  first  number 
of  the  first  Far  Western  newspaper,  T/ie  Cali/ornian.  It  was  half  in 
Eng-lish    and  half  in  Spanish.      Sept.    15,    he   was  formally   elected 


COLTON    HALL,    MONTEREY.       Photo.  1899  by  H.  S.  C.  C. 


300 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


Alcalde,  with  a  clear  plurality  over  his  six  conjpetitors.  It  was  an 
office  of  jurisdiction  inferior  only  to  a  Supreme  Court  nowadays.  As  he 
says  himself  (p.  55),  "  There  is  not  a  judge  on  any  bench  in  England 
or  the  United  States  whose  power  is  so  absolute,"  and  Colton  admin- 
istered admirably.  He  was  a  man  of  integrity,  great  personal  charm, 
great  common  sense,  wide  travel  and  no  mean  literary  ability.  Be- 
fore he  left  the  East  he  was  editor  of  the  Philadelphia  North  Amer- 
ican. His  book.  Three  Years  in  California*  is  to  this  day  not  only 
one  of  the  most  readable  ever  printed  concerning  California,  but  one 
of  the  most  important  to  students. 

As  supreme  representative  of  the  law,  and  court  of  last  appeal, 
Colton  executed  justice  of  a  delicious  sort — a  compound  of  equity, 
ingenuity  and  humor,  which  would  have  done  credit  to  Solomon. 
There  is  no  book  on  any  era  of  American  pioneer  history  more  flavor- 
some  than  his,  and  perhaps  none  more  accurate  ;  and  none  of  it  is 
more  diverting  than  his  account  of  his  judicial  acts. 

Feeling  the  need  of  a  building  he  laid  out,  early  in  1847,  his 
"Town-hall  and  school-house,"  the  historic  building  here  figured. 
It  was  "erected  out  of  the  slender  proceeds  of  town  lots,  the  labor  of 
the  convicts,  taxes  on  liquor  shops  and  fines  on  gamblers"  {Three 
Years  in  California,  p.  356).  It  is  of  white  stone,  "quarried  from  a 
neighboring  hill,"  with  two  rooms  downstairs  for  schools,  and  an 
assembly-hall  70x30  feet  in  the  upper  story.  In  the  latter  apart- 
ment the  Constitutional  Convention  was  held.  To  the  right  is  the 
jail,  which  Colton's  prisoners  built  for  themselves  under  his  genial 
but  not-to-be-fooled-with  supervision. 


John  S.  Hittell,  who  died  at  his  home  in  San 
Francisco,  March  8th,  was  one  of  the  soundest 
and  weig-htiest  students  and  writers  of  West- 
ern history.  He  had  many  other  activities, 
but  will  be  remembered  long-est  and  best  by 
his  remarkably  concise,  lucid  and  competent 
History  of  San  Francisco^  a  portly  octavo  pub- 
lished in  1876,  and  still  indispensable.  It  is 
one  of  the  most  satisfactory  works  ever  written 
in  California ;  cool,  judicial,  compact  and 
broad. 

Mr.  Hittell  was  an  elder  brother  of  Theodore 
H.  Hittell,  whose  massive  four  volume  History 
of  California  is  standard  and  exhaustive.  John 
was  born  in  Jonestown,  Pa.,  Dec.  6,  1825  ; 
{graduated  from  Miami  University   in  1844,  I 


"  See  this  iua»faziiu'.  p.  23<>.  X()v.,lS<)7,  and  p.  24.  Dec.  18"r7. 


IN     WESTERN    LETTERS. 


301 


JOHN   S.    HITTEI.L. 
Arg-onaut,  Lawyer,  Journalist,  Historian,     Born  Dec.  6,  1825  ;  Died  Mch.  8,  1901. 

think,  and  read  law  in  Ohio.  In  1849  he  came  across  the 
plains  to  California,  in  the  beg-inning-  of  that  unparalleled 
migration  to  the   land  of  g"old.     He  worked  for  some  time 


<^02  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

at  placer-mininff,  but  without  extraordinar}^  success.  Then 
he  turned  his  hand  to  whatever  employment  offered — and 
was  a  g-ardener,  carpenter,  etc.  In  1851  or  1852  he  went 
into  newspapering-,  and  was  for  some  years  connected  with 
the  old  Chronicle  (run  by  Frank  Soule,  and  no  relation  to 
the  present  big-  paper).  Soule's  journal  died  off  because 
of  its  opposition  to  the  Vig-ilance  Committee,  and  Mr. 
Hittell  went  East  for  a  )'ear  or  so. 

But  this  friction  does  not  seem  to  have  disturbed  his 
judicial  attitude  ;  and  in  his  powerful  compend  he  treats 
the  Vig-ilance  Committee  with  not  only  fairness  but  hig-h 
praise — as,  indeed,  it  merited.  Returning-  to  California, 
he  became  one  of  the  staff  of  the  Alta ;  and  later  practiced 
law. 

Mr.  Hittell  wrote  many  books  besides  his  most  important 
one.  Among-  them  were  Resources  of  California,  Com- 
merce of  the  Pacific,  several  g-uide  books,  a  work  on  odic 
force,  and  Evidences  Against  Christianity.  He  was  for 
many  years  a  rather  bitter  and  noted  agnostic,  but  appar- 
ently mellowed  in  his  latter  days.  At  any  rate  the  services 
at  his  burial  were  thoroug-hly  evang-elical.  Up  to  the  last 
Mr.  Hittell  retained  his  imposing-  presence — an  active, 
erect  body,  a  strong-  face  framed  in  snowy  hair  and  beard, 
but  keen  and  vital  as  not  one  in  a  thousand  at  any  ag-e — 
and  his  speech  and  style  were  crisp  and  penetrating-. 

* 

*  * 

A  g-enuine  young-  frontierswoman — not  of  the  cheap 
drama  and  Sunday-edition  counterfeits,  but  a  fine,  quiet, 
loveable  woman  made  strong-  and  wise  and  sweet  by  life  in 
the  unbuilded  spaces — is  Sharlot  M.  Hall,  whose  verses 
have  been  welcomed  by  this  mag-azine  for  two  or  three 
years  past,  and  are  now  being-  widely  copied  from  its  pag^es 
by  discriminating- editors.  Her  "  Trail  of  Death"  (in  the 
February  number )  is  called  by  the  New  York  Evening  Post 
"  the  most  vivid  and  terrible  picture  of  the  desert  ever  put 
into  verse."  This  may  be  a  matter  of  opinion — for  Joaquin 
Miller  also  has  written  somewhat  of  the  desert.  But  there 
can  be  no  two  opinions  as  to  the  impulse  and  vitality  and 
power  of  Miss  Hall's  unassuming:  poems.  Of  little  school- 
ing:, still  less  contact  with  what  its  coddled  children  mod- 
estly call  "the  world,"  and  so  scant  leisure  as  befalls  a 
real  woman  of  the  border.  Miss  Hall  has  taken  her  lessons 
from  largfer  schoolmasters,  and  is  an  admirable  example  of 
the  virtues  of  the  frontier  as  an  educator.  Knowing-  her, 
one  can  hardly  help  feeling  a  bit  sorry  for  the  girls  who 
have  not  had  her  advantages.  Something-  of  her  rare 
(luality  shows  in  her  work.  Never  "academic,"  yet  in- 
formed by  g-ood  taste  and  an  intuition   for  technique,  it  is 


IN     WESTERN    LETTERS. 


303 


vSHAKI^OT    M.    HAIJ, 


alwa3's  vital,  lucid 
and  of  an  unmis- 
takable thrill  of 
liumanit3\  It  al- 
wa)^s  means  some- 
thing-— as  so  much 
mag-azine  verse 
nowadaN^s  does 
not.  It  shows  also 
a  notable  growth 
in  masters  of  ex- 
pression, within 
two  or  three  A^ears 
— for  only  about 
so  long-  ag-o  she 
was  "  discover- 
ed" (by  this  mag- 
azine, I  think). 
There  are  several 
reasons  for  believ- 
ing that  this  seri- 
ous, unspoiled,  re- 
fined and  modest 
heroine  of  a  lonely 
ranch  in  Arizona — this  3^oung  woman  who  has  force 
enough  to  be  the  genius  and  caretaker  of  an  environment 
that  breaks  or  embitters  weaker  natures,  and  to  write  as 
she  is  writing — shall  yet  be  heard  from  in  larger  circles. 

Miss  Hall  was  born  Oct.  27,  1870,  the  first  white  child  in 
Lincoln  count}^  Kansas — some  time,  indeed,  before  it  was 
a  count}^  at  all.  Her  home  was  the  western  outpost  of  the 
settlements  that  were  creeping  along  the  beautiful  val- 
leys which  were  still  the  hunting  grounds  of  the  Sioux, 
Che3^ennes  and  Comanches.  Her  mother  was  the  onh- 
white  woman  in  many  miles,  and  had  the  full,  hard  share 
of  a  border  woman's  life.  She  was  an  Eastern  woman, 
but  a  fine  shot,  fearless  and  of  the  stuff  that  mothered  the 
masters  of  the  frontier.  The  house  was  an  arsenal,  and 
the  girl  bab3^'s  doll  was  a  gun.  Her  first  memory  is  of 
being  carried  into  the  big  "dug-out"  to  see  a  company  of 
soldiers,  half-frozen  by  a  Kansas  blizzard  and  lost  on  the 
plains  in  marching  from  Fort  Leavenworth  to  Ha3'S. 
This  was  when   she   was  about  two  }^ears  old 

*   * 

It  is  eloquent  of  the  swiftness  of  change  in  the  West 
that  such  memories   fall  within  so  short  a  span.     It  is  no 


304  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

grizzled  veteran,  but  a  young  woman  who  was  part  of 
those  primitive  conditions.  Miss  Hall's  father  was  a 
buffalo-hunter  ;  and  her  first  pla3mates  were  buffalo  calves 
he  had  captured.  They  grew  quite  tame  ;  but  in  a  hard 
winter  the  big  grey  wolves  killed  the  last  of  them  at  the 
very  door.  "The  people  of  my  baby  days,"  she  says, 
"were  all  men — hunters,  trappers,  soldiers,  who  stopped 
with  us  on  their  way.  I  saw  so  few  women  that  even 
when  a  big  girl  I  was  afraid  of  them  ;  and  to  this  day  I 
have  never  known  any  woman  intimately  but  my  mother, 
nor  ever  had  a  girl  or  woman  friend.  I  don't  remember 
when  I  learned  to  read  or  how.  Books  were  pretty  scarce  ; 
but  I  remember  getting  the  hang  of  Dr.  Dodd's  Library  of 
Mesmerism  in  two  queer  old  volumes,  and  reading  scraps  in 
the  Phrenological  Journal  before  I  was  sent  off,  at  nearly 
five,  on  my  small  pony  to  have  lessons  from  an  old  man 
who  taught  a  very  few  pupils  in  his  own  home.  I  rode 
five  miles  to  and  from  school.  Then  it  was  moved  two 
miles  nearer,  and  I  walked." 

* 

*  * 

When  the  girl  was  nine,  the  family  moved  (by  wagon, 
of  course)  to  Barbour  county — then  not  exactly  a  hotbed  of 
civilization — and  in  the  November  after  she  was  twelve, 
the  Halls  started  with  two  four-horse  outfits  and  about  20 
head  of  loose  horses,  to  drift  west ;  tempting  the  Rockies 
in  the  dead  of  winter,  and  watched  over  by  the  Providence 
of  Fools.  There  are  still  people  who  know  what  such  a 
journey  meant.  Before  them  and  behind  them  were  parties 
snowed  in  or  stricken  with  smallpox — which  then  raged  on 
the  Santa  Fe  trail — but  the  Halls  came  through.  It  took 
them  only  three  months  to  reach  Prescott,  Arizona.  All  the 
way  this  twelve-year-old  girl  rode  horseback  and  herded 
the  loose  stock.  In  the  valley  of  the  Arkansaw  she  was 
thrown  from  her  pony  and  sustained  an  injury  to  the  spine 
which  handicaps  her  to  this  day  ;  but  she  clambered  back 
to  the  saddle  and  finished  the  long  journey  so. 


Christmas  dinner  was  eaten  on  the  top  of  the  divide,  in  a 
cluster  of  pifions  half  buried  in  snow.  The  children  pinned 
their  stockings  to  the  wagon-sheet  with  firm  faith  in  Santa 
Claus  ;  and  that  good  saint  gave  the  girl  the  second  book 
she  had  ever  owned — a  copy  of  Burns. 

Down  through  the  great,  solemn  Mogollon  forest  in  four 
feet  of  snow,  the  "movers"  broke  their  way  to  Camp 
Verde — now  abandoned  and  lonely  in  its  bewitched  valley, 
but  then  full  of  troops — and  in  February  came  to  Prescott. 
A  few  miles  from   that  little  mountain  city  they  took  up  a 


APRIL    BLOOM.  305 

Tancii  in  the  wilderness,  boug-ht  cattle  and  entered  upon 
the  losing  game  of  the  stock-range.  For  the  next  few 
years  Miss  Hall  was  '*  mostly  cowboy  and  milkmaid." 
With  her  younger  brother  she  trotted  to  the  little  country 
school,  four  miles  off,  by  odd  months,  until  she  was  fifteen  ; 
and  then  spent  eig-ht  months  in  school  at  Prescott,  doing 
housework  to  pay  her  way.  That  was  the  last  of  her 
schooling.  Since  then,  her  mother's  failing"  health  has 
kept  her  at  home.  From  her  sixteenth  to  her  twenty-first 
year  the  family  lived  in  a  mining-camp,  where  Sharlot  was 
cook,  time-keeper  and  guardian  of  the  bullion — with  a  re- 
volver under  her  pillow  to  atone  for  the  unlockable  doors. 
For  the  last  ten  years  she  has  been  the  presiding  spirit 
upon  the  lonely  fruit  ranch  which  has  been  evolved  from  a 
sage-brush  slope.  It  is  no  easy  life — but  neither  does 
strength  come  of  ease.  Like  the  riddle  of  Samson,  this 
young  woman  has  found  sweetness  in  the  unlikely  place. 
And  if  those  who  feel  it  encouraging  to  know  so  simple 
yet  so  real  a  heroine  find  pleasure  in  her  work,  so  may  also 
those  who  know  no  more  of  her  than  that  such  work  is  the 
logical  fruit  of  a  life  which  already  seems  to  us  unusal. 


April  Bloom. 

BY  JULIETTE  BSTELLE  MATHIS. 

'Tis  April  in  the  South,  and  well,  how  well,  I  know 
How  lush  and  sweet  the  long-,  green  grasses  grow  ! 
How  close  the  poppies  arabesque  the  hills 
With  living,  rippling  gold  the  magic  rain  distills  ! 

I  know  the  canon  nooks  where  pink,  wild  roses  blow 
Through  all  the  happy  year,  but  now  they  thickly  glow 
In  hedge  and  garden,  bank  and  row,  of  every  hue, 
On  roof  and  wall  and  eaves,  that  ever  roses  grew. 

In  the  fair  land  I  love,  this  is  the  gala  time 

When  color,  light   and  odor  riot  into  rhyme, 

The  nesting  birds  and  western  winds  are  keeping  pace 

With  all  the  Southern  summer's  warm  and  winsome  grace. 

Ulsewhere  she  doth  coquette  and  hint  of  bloom  to  be. 

Of  budding  bough  and  burdened  branch  and  forest  minstrelsy, 

But  in  these  sheltered  valleys  of  the  setting  sun, 

lions  of  eastern  Junes  are  by  each  April  won. 

San  V*rancisco,  Cal, 


306 

The  Rose  of  Yuba  Dam 


BY  MAROUERITB  STABLER. 


T  was  high  noon  of  the  day,  high  noon  of  the  year, 
1^*      and  almost  high  noon  of    the  dry  season.     The 
dust  rolled  up  in  great,  billowy  clouds  that  brooded 
over  all  the  valley. 

The  scattering  handful  of  idlers  in  front  of  the 
Timbuctoo  store  eyed  the  approaching  stranger 
suspiciously,  from  the  fact  of  his  starting  down 
into  the  valley  at  that  time  of  day.  They  saluted 
him  affably,  but  burst  into  a  great  guffaw  when 
he  told  them  that  he  was  riding  then  in  order  to 
get  out  of  that  infernal  heat  in  the  shortest  possible  time  ;  and  as- 
sured him  it  got  a  degree  hotter  every  mile  lower  into  the  valley. 
But  the  stranger  seemed  not  the  least  daunted,  and  swung  himself 
back  into  his  saddle  with  a  dare-devil  laugh  over  his  shoulder. 

"Ground-hog  case,  sure,  to  start  a  feller  out  this  time  of  day,"  re- 
marked the  philosopher  of  the  group;  "  it's  either  a  posse  behind 
him  or  a  gal  ahead  of  him.  I  tell  ye  it  was  only  them  two  things 
would  ever  'a'  got  fne  out  such  a  day  as  this,  when  I  was  that  feller's 
age." 

This  animadversion  called  up  a  ripple  of  genuine  interest  among 
the  loungers.  One  by  one  the  chairs  were  untilted  from  their  hind 
legs,  hats  were  pushed  back  from  their  dust-begrimed  foreheads,  and 
quids  were  shifted  into  the  cheek  long  enough  for  each  man  to  give 
an  original  opinion  as  to  the  chap's  hurry  to  get  somewhere. 

Meanwhile  the  chap  in  question  pushed  on  by  easy  stages,  stopping- 
at  every  "dead-fall"  to  discard  whatever  seemed  least  necessary  in 
his  apparel,  and  his  ideas  of  necessity  seemed  to  vary  inversely  with 
the  heat,  until  finally  he  had  a  neat  little  parcel  of  half  a  dozen  gar- 
ments strapped  to  his  saddle,  and  still  bethought  himself  vainly  of 
the  small  Quong  Sam  who,  he  had  heard,  had  shaved  off  his  eye- 
brows to  lighten  his  cargo. 

As  the  horse's  feet  splashed  into  the  soft  light  dust  they  made  a 
gentle  poiif,  fiou/,  and  sank  half-way  up  the  hoof.  Close  beside  the 
edge  of  the  grade  appeared  the  fresh  imprint  of  a  slim  little  foot. 
The  man's  flesh  almost  quivered  at  the  mere  thought  of  the  contact 
of  the  bare  skin  with  the  burning  ground,  but  he  chuckled  quietly  to 
himself  as  he  remembered  how  differently  these  things  had  struck 
him  when  he  was  a  boy.  Nevertheless  he  found  himself  quickening 
his  horse,  thinking  if  he  should  overtake  the  little  fellow  he  might 
take  him  up  behind. 

'*  Slim  little  foot,  must  be  quite  a  child,"  mused  the  rider  for  the 
want  of  something  more  diverting.    **  Short  steps,  too.     Humph  !" 

Then  there  seemed  to  be  a  redoubling  of  the  tracks  and  an  indis- 
tinctness as  if  the  boy  had  sat  down  on  a  rock  and  swung  his  feet. 
This  suggested  the  idea  of  a  halt  to  the  rider,  and  he  dismouted  to 
examine  his  saddle-girths.  As  he  stooped  his  eye  caught  a 
single  little  wild-rose  beside  the  rock  mysteriously  dropped,  as  it 
seemed,  from  nowhere.  **  Ah !  I  see,"  his  face  brightened  with  a 
new  idea,  **  the  boy  dropped  it,"  he  said  to  himself  and  put  the  wilted 
blossom  in  his  button-hole.  Finally,  after  several  miles  of  heat  and 
dust  and  fatigue,  the  shadows  began  to  fall  a  little  longer  across  the 
trail,  the  trees  along  the  riyer  in  the  distance  looked  fresh  and  green 
and  the  traveler's  spirits  began  to  rise. 

"  Funny  about  that  boy,  must  be  a  good  walker,"  he  commented 
again.     '*  Hello  1  he's  lost  another  rose,  and  by  Jove  1  here's  another ; 
he's  probably  lightening  his  cargo,  too." 
With  something  like  a  feeling  of  companionship  for  his  fellow- 


THE    ROSE    OF    YUBA    DAM.  307 

traveler  the  man  scanned  the  road  as  far  as  he  could  see  through 
the  clouds  of  dust,  but  there  was  not  a  soul  in  sight,  and  when  he 
rounded  the  turn  the  footprints  had  suddenly  ceased.  He  pulled  his 
horse  up  short  and  looked  about  Reeling  almost  as  if  he  had  lost  a 
friend;  then  gave  a  long  shrill  whistle  he  was  sure  the  boy  would 
understand  ;  but  there  was  no  response. 

"  Picked  up  by  a  wagon  or  melted  down  into  a  grease-spot,  per- 
haps," he  explained  to  himself,  and  then  he  looked  off  toward  the 
long  range  of  gray  mountains  outlined  in  the  haze  of  dust  and  the 
sharp  angles  of  the  buttes  rising  in  the  foreground.  A  meadow-lark 
sprang  upward  with  a  liquid  note  of  song  and  a  suggestion  of  a  breeze 
stirred  among  the  Cottonwood  trees. 

The  next  stop  was  quite  a  pretentious  place,  compared  with  its 
neighbors.  A  huge  oak  tree  shaded  the  house,  a  well-sweep  held  the 
fort  in  front,  ducks  and  geese  waddled  about  in  noisy  platoons  and 
altogether  the  place  wore  an  air  of  animation. 

**  Hello  !  "  shouted  the  traveler  to  the  fat  man  on  the  porch.  "What 
place  is  this  ?  " 

*'  Yuba  Dam  !  "  answered  the  fat  jnan  with  a  slight  emphasis. 

**  You  be  damned  yourself  !  "  retorted  the  stranger  good-naturedly 
as  he  led  his  horse  to  the  well. 

The  fat  man  leaned  back  in  his  chair  and  chuckled  over  his  joke. 
That  was  his  one  little  sally  of  wit,  and  this  the  invariable  reply. 
Then  turning  half  around  he  called  through  the  window  to  some  one 
in  the  house,  "  I  guess  the  feller  you're  lookin'  for  is  here." 

Whereupon  a  thick-set  young  fellow  emerged  from  the  bar-room 
and  walked  toward  the  new-comer. 

"Hello,  Jack,  how  did  you  get  up  here?"  and,  "Hello,  Tom,  I 
knew  you'd  be  along  !  "  they  said  simultaneously. 

The  thick-set  fellow  drew  the  one  he  called  Tom  aside,  saying,  "  I 
think  we  can  put  our  business  through  from  here  just  as  well,"  and 
continued  at  length  in  an  undertone  till  both  heads  were  nodding 
afi&rmatively  and  both  men  seemed  thoroughly  agreed  upon  their  sub- 
ject. When  the  pair  returned  to  the  porch  the  man  addressed  as  Jack 
said,  by  way  of  introducing  his  friend,  "I've  just  been  persuading 
this  fellow  to  stay  over  to  the  dance." 

The  man  referred  to  as  Tom  was  glad  enough  to  be  persuaded 
when  he  found  it  was  not  necessary  to  make  the  town  that  night,  for 
the  prospect  of  a  good  dinner  and  a  chance  to  cool  off  was  grateful  to 
him.  At  the  table  the  two  men  sat  in  a  corner  by  themselves  still 
talking  in  their  low  undertones.  The  thick-set  man  brought  his  fist 
down  on  the  table  occasionally  with  such  force  as  to  set  all  the  plates 
a-clatter.  He  was  evidently  deeply  in  earnest  and  seemed  to  think 
his  compg.nion  needed  a  good  deal  of  convincing  ;  but  seeing  his 
argument  losing  interest,  and  following  the  wandering  eyes  of  the  un- 
certain Tom  he  noticed  the  porch  and  bar-room  rapidly  filling  with  peo- 
ple. Remembering  that  the  dance  was  his  alleged  excuse  for  meeting 
his  friend  there  and  staying  over,  he  cleared  up  his  countenance,  and 
together  they  made  for  the  door. 

The  fashionable  hour  for  dancing  to  begin  is  much  earlier  at  Yuba 
Dam  than  one  finds  it  in  the  city.  The  social  wheel  whirls  slowly 
here,  and  all  functions  of  importance  begin  when  the  sun  goes  down 
and  lasts  till  he  rises  again.  The  dining-room  was  transformed 
into  a  ball-room  by  hitching  ropes  to  the  legs  of  the  tables  and  hoist- 
ing them  to  the  ceiling.  The  narrow  shelf  that  ran  the  four  sides  of 
the  room  was  studded  at  regular  intervals  with  tallow  dips  stuck  into 
empty  whisky  bottles,  which  shed  equal  parts  of  light  and  candle 
grease  upon  the  dancers.  A  blind  Indian  perched  upon  the  bar  be- 
gan to  wail  "  The  Girl  I  I^eft  Behind  Me"  on  a  wheezy  accordeon  ; 
and  the  fun  began.     The  smiling  host  came  toward  the  two  men  as 


308  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

they  entered,  with  a  tripping"  little  creature  in  a  pink  frock.  She 
nodded  indifferently  in  response  to  the  heavy-set  man's  bow,  but  her 
black  eyes  snapped  in  delighted  admiration  of  the  tall  one,  who,  seeing- 
his  advantage,  led  her  away  to  take  a  place  in  the  Virginia  reel.  The 
little  girl  flitted  about  the  big  man  like  a  pink  butterfly  ;  her  eyes 
sparkled,  her  cheeks  flamed  a  rosy  hue,  and  her  partner  saw  at  a  glance 
she  was  easily  the  belle  of  the  ball.  He  looked  on  in  good-natured 
amusement  at  the  clumsy  efforts  of  the  heavy  youth  to  get  in  two 
turns  with  the  little  pink  butterfly  who  tripped  and  twirled  about 
them,  and  sometimes  eluded  them  entirely.  Then  the  thought  oc- 
curred to  him  that  this  must  have  been  the  destination  of  the  little 
fellow  he  had  almost  met  on  the  way  thither.  He  looked  about, 
almost  thinking  he  would  recognize  him  if  he  were  there,  but  after 
making  a  tour  of  the  room  in  vain  his  eyes  wandered  back  to  his 
partner,  and  caught  her  great,  dark  eyes  fixed  upon  him.  She  was 
certainly  a  dainty  little  creature.  '  He  wondered  how  she  ever  hap- 
pened to  be  in  such  a  place — a  sweet,  wild  rose  in  the  heart  of  the  wild- 
erness. Ah  !  to  be  sure,  a  wild  rose,  and  those  were  wild  roses  she 
wore  in  her  belt ;  at  the  same  moment  the  dancing  eyes  opposite  had 
noticed  the  little  rose  nestling  against  his  lapel. 

There  now  was  the  solution  of  the  blossoms  by  the  wayside ;  the 
boy  had  brought  them  to  her  and  through  her  he  would  find  who  the 
little  chap  might  be.  After  a  great  frollicking  and  rollicking  and  a 
general  stampede  the  dance  ended,  and  he  led  the  little  wild-rose  girl 
out  into  the  cool  night-air,  across  the  wide  porch  and  oyer  to  the  well 
in  front.  A  pale  young  moon  looked  down  upon  her  and  reflected  her 
beaming  eyes  in  the  still  depths  of  the  water. 

"  Did  you  send  your  brother  to  get  those  flowers  for  you  ?*'  he  asked. 

**  Nope,"  she  answered,  wonderingly,  eyeing  him  across  the  dipper 
rim,  '*  I  got  'em  myself." 

*'  They  are  pretty  little  things,"  he  continued,  wondering  whether 
he  &2Li6.  you  or  theyy  '*  where  do  they  grow  ?" 

'*  Up  at  Timbuc' ,"  answered  the  girl,  "  They  are  thick  up  there  but 
you  have  to  climb  down  the  rocks  to  get  at  'em.  I  had  a  big  bunch, 
but  it  was  so  hot  I  kep'  a-losin'  'em  all  the  way  down."  The  dark 
eyes  grew  tender  at  the  loss  of  her  cherished  flowers. 

**  You  lost  them  ?  how  could  you  lose  them  ?"  he  asked  in  astonish- 
ment. 

**  Yep,  o'  course  I  lost  'em,  comin'  down,  I  said,"  in  a  tone  of  annoy- 
ance; the  music  had  begun  again  and  time  was  precious. 

Then  he  looked  down  at  the  slim  little  foot  and  thought  of  the  hot, 
burning  ground  of  a  few  hours  before.  "Did  you  come  down  on 
horseback  ?"  he  asked  guardedly. 

An  amused  little  laugh  rippled  over  the  dipper  rim — "  I  footed  it 
down  and  I'm  goin'  to  foot  it  back  again  tomorrow,  see  ?"  she  ex- 
plained. 

So  this  was  his  little  friend  of  the  wayside,  this  was  the  little 
fellow  he  was  going  to  take  up  behind  him,  and  this  little  seventeen- 
year-old  slip  of  a  girl  had  walked  bare-footed  in  the  burning  sun  all 
the  way  from  Timbuctoo,  when  he  had  thought  it  hard  enough  to 
have  to  ride. 

*•  As  you  came  along  didn't  you  hear  a  horse  trotting  pretty  close 
behind  you  ?"  he  questioned. 

*'  Yep,"  the  rosy  lips  responded,  *'  I  did,  an*  I  saw  you  too.  I  heard 
you  a-comin*  an'  a-comin'  and  when  you  got  pretty  close  I  just  stepped 
over  the  ledge;  I  wanted  to  rest  a  little  anyway,  I  was  kind  of  tired 
you  know." 

**  Kind  of  tired .'"  The  man  felt  a  great  wave  of  tenderness  sweep 
over  him  for  this  happy-faced  child  smiling  up  at  him  after  walking 
all  that  burning  dusty  way  and  saying  she  was  *'  kind  of  tired." 


THE    ROSE    OF    YUBA    DAM.  309 

Then  a  rog^uish  impulse  to  make  a  full  confession  seized  her;  "I 
saw  you  stop  and  look  around,  and  I  heard  you  whistle  too.  I'd  have 
answered  you  if  I  could  whistle,  but  you  see  I  can't,"  demonstrating- 
the  fact  by  puckering-  her  ripe  lips  into  a  defiant  little  rose-bud  and 
making  a  soft  purring-  sound.  The  dark  eyes  looked  up  into  the 
eyes  bending-  over  her,  and  the  moon  looked  down  leniently  on  her 
innocent  fun.  Ah  !  little  g-irl,  those  lips  were  made  for  something- 
much  better  than  whistling  !  The  tall  man  bent  low  over  the  rosy 
lips  and  the  tin  dipper  went  clattering  down  over  the  stones. 

The  heavy-set  man  noticed  a  startled  look  in  the  dark  eyes  and 
wondered  why  his  appearance  on  the  scene  should  strike  them  both 
so  dumb,  but  he  was  not  prepared  to  hear  the  tall  man  say  when  he 
did  speak : 

'*  If  you're  going  back  to  town  tonight,  Jack,  you'll  have  to  go  with- 
out me;  I  have  to  go  to  Timbuctoo  in  the  morning." 

His  friend  looked  him  up  and  down  a  full  minute.  His  silence  was 
eloquent.     Then,  stepping  up  close  in  front  of  him  he  said  coolly, 

"  They're  looking  for  the  young  lady  in  there  and  sent  me  to  take 
her  back." 

For  a  moment  the  young  fellow  hesitated,  but  a  threatening  look 
warned  him  this  was  not  the  time  for  disclosures.  Silently  he  led 
the  astonished  little  lady  back  to  the  ball-room,  then  turning  on  the 
thick-set  man,  ''There's  no  use  in  dogging  me  like  this,"  he  said; 
**  if  you  want  to  do  your  dirty  work  tonight  go  and  do  it.  I  told  you  I 
wasn't  going  with  you,  so  what  are  you  hanging  'round  for  ?" 

An  evil  light  glowed  in  the  other  fellow's  eyes.  "Go  and  doit 
alone,  will  I  ?  You  have  to  take  the  lady  back  to  Timbuc',  do  you? 
Perhaps  the  lady  would  like  to  know  about  some  of  our  other  little 
ventures.  She  might  like  to  know  about  our  Carson  deal,  but  I  think 
you'd  better  let  her  go  and  come  along  with  me." 

The  man  was  in  a  vise — and  he  knew  it.  There  was  no  use  trying 
to  get  away  just  now — and  he  knew  that  too.  With  a  long  look  back 
into  the  ball-room  in  search  of  a  flitting,  fleeting  little  figure  he  fol- 
lowed the  lead  of  his  companion  out  into  the  night.  Neither  spoke 
until  they  reached  the  bridge  when  the  silence  was  broken  by  an  in- 
sulting laugh  from  Jack.  "It's  all  very  nice  for  you  to  keep  your 
hands  so  lily  white  while  the  dirty  work  is  going  on,  but  I  guess 
you'll  be  in  for  the  swag  all  right." 

"  Damn  the  swag  !"  came  the  answer  ;  "  you've  got  me  this  time, 
and  you  know  it,  but  it's  the  last,  I  tell  you." 

The  night  was  still  and  star-lit  as  they  flashed  through  the  town 
out  through  the  open  fields,  past  happy  homes  and  quiet  firesides. 
At  last  the  headlight  appeared  around  a  curve  of  the  track.  The  first 
man  dismounted,  produced  two  masks  and  thrust  one  into  the  other's 
hands  with  the  hoarse  whisper,  "Now  don't  be  a  fool,  Tom  !"  and 
the  work  began.  The  fireman  and  engineer  were  attended  to  first 
and  the  passengers  had  no  time  to  make  a  defense,  men  swore  and 
women  fainted,  two  shots  were  fired  in  quick  succession  and  one  of 
the  bandits  fell. 

Half  an  hour  later  the  two  men  were  again  in  Marysville.  They 
cared  for  the  dead  bandit  with  scant  reverence  ;  but  when  they  took 
the  black  mask  off  his  face  they  saw  that  he  was  very  young,  and 
that  the  seal  of  death  had  left  no  trace  of  his  crime.  No  one  knew 
his  real  name.  Perhaps  it  was  Tom,  and  perhaps  it  wasn't,  and  no 
one  noticed  the  little  wild-rose  that  drooped  its  head  upon  his  still 
heart ;  so  it  was  buried  with  him.  But  the  wild-rose  girl  still  dreams 
of  the  kiss  at  the  well  and  hopes  and  waits  and  wonders  why  the 
handsome  stranger  does  not  come  back  that  way. 

Ynba  City,  Cal. 


310 


Digger  Indian  Legends. 


BY  L.   M     BURNS. 


III. THE   LOVK-MAKING    OF   QUATUK. 

|HE  subsequent  history  of  Quatuk  was  not  so 
felicitous.  After  his  unfortunate  encounter 
with  his  cousin  the  Wildcat,  he  started  out 
traveling". 

*'  Yea  soo,"  he  said  to  himself.  "  Tm  sorrj 
about  my  cousin  Itchii — sorry  he  won't  have  me 
to  live  with  him  any  more.     Poor  Itchii  1 " 

He  traveled  till  he  came  to  the  top  of  a  moun- 
tain. Below  him  lay  what  is  now  known  as 
Scott  Valley.  It  was  filled  with  fog.  The 
fog"  spread  out  fair  and  billowy,  and  Quatuk 
thought  it  was  the  ocean. 

'*  Why,"  he  said,  **  I'm  a  smarter  coyote  than 
I  thought  I  was.  Here  I  am  at  the  ocean  1 
No  one  ever  traveled  so  fast  as  this  before.  I 
will  have  a  swim." 

He  took  off  all  his  clothes  and  strapped 
them  on  his  head.  Then  he  drew  in  a  big 
breath,  stretched  up  his  arms,  crouched  on  his 
legs,  and  dived  forward  into  the  fog. 

He  struck  a  rock  heap  at  the  bottom  of  the 
valley,  and  lay  senseless  for  a  whole  day.  All 
the  animals  that  came  that  wa}^  laughed  and 
g-ave  him  a  kick.  They  all  knew  what  it  meant  to  find  him 
lying  there  with  his  clothes  strapped  on  his  head.  Before 
night  everyone  in  the  valley  knew  that  Quatuk  had  tried  to 
swim  the  ocean. 

When  he  came  to,  the  fog"  was  all  gone. 
**HuhI"    he   said,    stretching   himself.     **Like   to   see 
another  man  as  strong  as  I  am  I      I've  swam  across  the 
ocean  ! " 

He  looked  down  at  himself.  He  was  scratched  and 
bruised,  and  his  bones  ached. 

*' Itchii  must  be  pretty  nearly  dead,"  he  mused.  *' I'm 
sorry  I  hurt  him  so.  I'm  a  little  sore  myself,  from  choking 
him  and  swimming  across  the  ocean  too.  Must  be  I'm  more 
wonderful  than  I  thought  I  was,  to  kill  the  Wildcat,  and 
do  all  this  besides." 

The  handsomest  girl  in  the  valley  was  the  Woodpecker's 
daughter,  and  Quatuk  decided  that  he  might  as  well  marry 
her.  So  he  put  on  his  clothes  and  went  to  the  Wood- 
pecker's wigwam. 


'*I  want  to  marry  your  daughter,"  he 
man  that  swam  the  ocean." 


said. 


I'm  the 


DIGGER   INDIAN    LEGENDS.  311 

The  Woodpecker  looked  at  him  and  laughed. 

*'So  you're  the  man  that  swam  the  ocean  I "  he  gibed. 
Where's  your  wampum  ?  " 

*'  I  don't  need  wampum  to  get  me  a  wife.  I'm  the  man 
that  swam  the  ocean  !  " 

'*  Yes,  but  one  doesn't  swim  the  ocean  without  picking-  up 
some  wampum.     Where  are  your  shells  ?  " 

Quatuk  had  not  thought  of  that.  He  didn't  remember 
seeing  any  shells. 

*'Oh,'*  he  said,  *'I  have  a  sore  wrist.  I  had  to  kill  my 
cousin  the  Wildcat,  and  it's  so  lame  I  thought  I  wouldn't 
carry  any  shells.  But  I'm  the  man  that  swam  the  ocean, 
and  I've  come  to  marry  your  daughter." 

Then  the  Woodpecker  laughed  so  loud  and  so  long  that 
Quatuk  knew  he  was  making  sport  of  him,  and  he  turned 
and  ran  back  again  the  way  he  had  come.  Pretty  soon  he 
met  the  Fox. 

"  Where's  the  wife  you  came  for  ?  "  said  the  Fox. 

"Wife  ?"  snarled  Quatuk.     *'I  don't  want  a  wife." 

'*  Aren't  you  the  man  that  swam  the  ocean,"  teased  the 
Fox. 

**  No,"  said  Quatuk,  **  that  was  another  fellow." 

**  Didn't  you  just  tell  the  Woodpecker  you  wanted  his 
daughter  ?  " 

*'Ha!  you've  been  there  yourself,  have  y  i?"  snared 
Quatuk,  and  ran  on. 

After  a  while  he  heard  a  voice  singing,  xt  was  a  girl's 
voice,  very  sweet  and  clear  : 


'^Listenl"  said  Quatuk.  '*  She's  calling  me:  *  Qua-a- 
tuk,  Qua-a-tuk!'  She  want's  to  marry  me.  She's  down  by 
the  willows,  calling  me." 

He  ran  like  the  wind  to  the  willows.  She  was  not  there. 
He  listened.  Again  he  heard  the  voice,  just  as  sweet  and 
clear  as  before. 

"Beautiful!"  he  cried.  "I  never  knew  before  how 
pretty  my  name  is — *  Qua-a-tuk!  Qua-a-tuk! '  She's  at  the 
river,  calling  me." 

He  ran  to  the  river  and  stopped  to  listen.  Again  the 
voice,  no  nearer,  no  farther. 

"I'll  marry  her,"  he  said.  "She's  at  the  foot  of  the 
mountain,  waiting  for  me." 

He  ran  to  the  foot  of  the  mountain,  and  the  voice  still 
called  to  him.     He  ran  to  the  top,  and  still  it  drew  him  on. 


312 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


He  ran  down  the  other  side.  He  followed  it  for  a  whole 
moon,  growing:  more  eager  for  the  sight  of  her  everj 
minute,  and  still  she  called  to  him. 

At  last  he  came  to  the  edge  of  the  real  ocean,  the  Great 
Salt  Water.  He  was  worn  to  a  bone  from  famine  and 
labor,  for  the  voice  had  carried  him  on  without  respite  for 
food  or  sleep.  He  shaded  his  eyes  with  his  bony  hand  and 
looked  out  across  the  water.  There,  in  the  middle  of  the 
ocean,  seated  on  a  mat  of  tules,  was  a  girl  weaving"  baskets 
and  singing.     It  was  her  voice  that  he  had  followed  up. 

"Here  I  am,"  he  cried,  stretching  out  his  arms.  ''I 
heard  you  calling  me,  '  Qua-a-tuk,  Qua-a-tukI '  and  I  hare 
traveled  across  the  whole  earth  to  come  to  you.  I've  come 
to  marry  you  I  " 

The  girl  looked  up  and  laughed  derisively. 

**So  you're  the  man  that  swam  the  ocean!"  she  said. 
**They  told  me  you  were  the  biggest  fool  on  earth,  and  I 
thought  I'd  like  to  see  you.  So  you  want  to  marry  me  ? 
Come  on,  then.  All  you  have  to  do  is  to  swim  the  ocean 
again ! " 

It  seems  that  in  the  end  Quatuk  was  mated  with  the 
Louse. 

The  above  love-story,  if  one  may  call  it  such,  is  a  general 
favorite.  It  is  an  odd  and  significant  fact  that  for  the  word 
lovCy  as  we  conceive  of  it,  there  is  no  equivalent  in  the 
meager  vocabulary  of  this  people  ;  and  cut-a-sook^  the  only 
term  which  embodies  the  idea  of  the  beautiful,  may  be 
applied  with  equal  appropriateness  to  a  dish  of  baked  meat, 
a  red  calico  rag,  or  an  Indian  belle.  * 

The  next  legend  is  also  a  favorite.  It  is  probably  the 
element  of  trickery  and  revenge,  rather  than  that  of  love, 
which  recommends  it  to  the  Indian  mind. 

THE  KABBIT  AND  THE  TOAD. 

A  Rabbit  fell  in  love  with  a  little  green  Frog,  but  was 
ashamed  of  her  family  connections,  so  he  met  her  in  secret 
by  the  water's  edge.  An  ugly  old  Toad  happened  upon 
them  as  they  sat  singing  one  evening,  and  he  was  so  grace- 
ful and  gallant  that  she  fell  in  love  with  him  herself. 

When  he  was  gone,  she  killed  the  little  green  Frog,  and 
stretched  her  skin  while  it  was  still  damp  over  her  own  un- 
gainly bulk.  Then  she  sat  down  to  wait  till  he  should 
come  again. 

But  the  next  evening  when  the  Rabbit  beheld  her  bloated 


♦This  is  probably  assumintr  too  much.  No  exact  or  scientific  stady  of  the 
"Ditrfirer"  idiom  has  been  made.  Hig-hly  specialized  words  arc  not  found  in  such 
lauffuaores  (except  for  ceremonial  use;;  but  it  is  doubtful  if  any  abori«rinal  tontrue  ia 
America  "has  no  words"  which  miffht  reasonably  stand  for  "love"  and  "beantl- 
fttl."-KD. 


DIGGER   INDIAN    LEGENDS.  ^-^S.  ^' 

shape  in  its  delicate  covering-,  he  guessed  everything,  and 
a  thirst  for  vengeance  burned  in  his  heart. 

*'  Where  is  she?  "  he  demanded,  angrily. 

''Where  is  who?" 

"My  little  woman!" 

"I'm  your  little  woman,"  she  said,  waddling  sidewise, 
the  better  to  show  her  pretty  coat. 

"  Where  did  you  bury  my  little  green  Prog?  " 

"I  am  your  little  green  Frog  I" 

"You?  Ztl  You're  an  ugly  old  Toad.  You  killed  her 
to  get  her  skin." 

"Don't  you  love  me  any  more?  "  she  said. 

"  Love  you?     Zt!     I  hate  youl  " 

Then  the  Toad  knew  that  her  plot  had  failed,  and  she 
longed  to  kill  him  for  scorning  her. 

" Come  with  me, "  she  said,  craftily.  "I  will  sing*  you 
the  song  you  love  best,  and  then  you  will  know  that  I  am 
indeed  the  little  green  Frog. " 

Now  the  Rabbit  knew  all  that  was  in  her  mind  to  do, 
but  he  let  her  lead  him  to  a  willow  limb  that  stretched  over 
the  water.  When  he  was  seated  at  the  end,  she  began  to 
sing  the  song  of  the  little  green  Frog- : 


J:,^-^-jy,r-U^.l  J  J  rl    J-rjI 


All  at  once  she  pushed  downward  on  the  limb,  thinking 
to  tumble  him  into  the  water.  But  he  was  ready,  and 
jumped  safely  to  the  opposite  bank,  where  he  built  a  fire, 
pretending  to  dry  his  feet.  Then  he  sat  down  beyond  it 
and  looked  at  her  till  she  began  to  wiggle  uncomfortably. 

"  How  pretty  your  green  skin  glistens  in  the  firelight," 
he  said  softly. 

The  old  Toad  puffed  out  her  throat  with  pride. 

"  I  couldn't  see  you  in  the  dusk,"  he  went  on.  "  Why, 
you  are  more  beautiful  than  I  ever  saw  you  before.  How 
foolish  I  was  to  think  you  an  ugly  old  Toad! " 

She  stretched  her  mouth  wide  in  a  smile.  Her  silly  old 
heart  was  warm.  She  thought  now  that  he  really  loved 
her. 

"  Come,  swim  to  me,"  he  said.  "No  other  can  swim  as 
well  as  my  little  green  Frog." 

The  old  Toad  hid  her  toes  under  her  body.  She  did  not 
want  him  to  see  that  she  had  no  webs. 

"Come,  swim  to  me." 

"  The  water  is  too  cold." 
My  fire  will  warm  you.     My  arms  will  be  about  you. 
I  will  marry  you  tonight.     Only  cornel  " 


31^  LAND    OF   SUNSHINE. 

**  You  come  to  me." 

**  I  can't  jump  so  far.  You  jump  to  me.  No  other  has 
leg's  as  slim  as  yours.  No  other  can  jump  like  j'ou. 
Come!" 

*'  But  it  is  a  long"  way  over." 

**  I  will  catch  you.  I  want  you  so,  I  will  marry  you  to- 
night." 

The  old  Toad  crept  to  the  end  of  the  bough.  **I  am 
afraid,"  she  whined. 

**  You  are  so  beautiful!  Your  skin  is  so  fine!  Your  form 
is  so  fair!  Your  voice  is  so  sweet!  Come  to  me,  I  love  you 
so!" 

With  that  the  silly  old  Toad,  crazed  with  love,  gathered 
all  her  strength  and  jumped — straight  into  the  fire  behind 
which  he  sat!  Her  skin  crackled  and  sizzled,  and  the 
Rabbit  laughed  while  he  watched  her  burn  to  ashes  before 
him.  Then  he  hunted  the  grave  of  the  little  green  Frog, 
and  sang  the  death  song  beside  it  for  seven  nights. 

San  Jose,  Cal. 

[to  BK  CONTINUKD.] 


Journalism   in    California   Before 
THE    'gold  Rush." 

BY  kathbrinm:  a.  chandler. 

Cf  N  the  pastoral  days  of  California,  newspapers  had  no  place  in 
I      the  thought  or  desires  of  the  inhabitants.       Should  a  new 
JL     governor  arrive  from  Mexico,  or  a  fresh  revolution  be  pro- 
jected, or  a  marriage  fiesta  summon  guests,  a  courier  could 
ride  from  San  Francisco  to  San  Diego  and  bear  the  tidings  to 
each  isolated  rancho  and  wayside  mission.    The  messenger  could 
start  sooner  than  a  paper  could  be  issued.     Then,  too,  it  was  less 
tiring  and  more  interesting  than  reading  a  newspaper  to  listen 
to  the  courier,  who  grew  more  enthusiastic  as  the  sound  of  his 
own  melodious  voice  and  the  eyes  of  his  attentive  audience  in- 
spired him.     Finally,  a  messenger  must  be  sent  to  deliver  the 
papers,  so  why  was  it  not  better  for, him  to  carry  the  news  and 
not  wait  for  it  to  be  printed  ? 

With  the  hoisting  of  the  American  flag  a  new  era  was  ushered 
in — an  era  introducing,  among  other  innovations,  the  Yankee's 
reverence  for  the  printed  page  and  his  incredulity  of  the  oral 
message.  The  immediate  reason  for  the  birth  of  the  first  newspaper 
is  not  known.  Perhaps  Commodore  Stockton  wished  a  medium  for 
his  proclamations  (1),  or  perhaps  the  editors  deemed  the  unpreempted 
journalistic  field  one  of  fertile  promise.  However,  either  late  in  July 
or  early  in  August,  1846,   Rev.  Walter  Col  ton  (2)   and  Dr.   Robert 


(1)  Commodore  Stockton  Moccecded  Com.  Sloat  in  July,  1846,  and  proceeded  with 
the  conquest  of  California. 

(2)  Colton  had  arrived  in  Monterey  July  IS,  1846,  as  chaplain  on  Stockton's  frigate 
Congress.  July  28  he  was  appointed  alcalde  of  Monterey  by  Stockton,  probably,  as 
he  himself  suffflrests,  because  he  was  the  one  officer  whose  services  were  not  indis- 
pensable to  the  ship.  He  formed  clutie  friendships  with  the  iutellicrent  Califurnians 
and  was  respected  by  all. 


JOURNALISM    BEFORE    THE    "  GOLD  RUSH  "  315 

Semple  (1)  formed  a  partnership  to  publish  a  newspaper  in  Mon- 
terey. Colton  had  gained  editorial  experience  on  the  North  Amer- 
ican of  Philadelphia,  and  Semple  had  picked  up  a  knowledge  of 
printing-  in  Illinois. 

In  the  old  government  house  they  found  a  dilapidated  press  (2)  and 
some  Spanish  type.  *'The  press  was  old  enough  to  be  preserved  as 
a  curiosity  ;  the  mice  had  burrowed  in  the  balls  ;  there  were  no  rules 
or  leads,  and  the  types  were  rusty  and  in  pi.  It  was  only  by  scouring 
that  the  letters  could  be  made  to  show  their  faces.  A  sheet  or  two  of 
tin  were  procured,  and  these,  with  a  jack-knife,  were  cut  into  rules 
and  leads"  (3).  With  the  press  was  found  also  a  keg  partly  full  of 
ink.  The  problem  of  paper  was  solved  by  buying  from  a  coaster  its 
supply  of  cigarette  wrapping,  which  came  in  thin  sheets  a  little  larger 
than  the  ordinary  foolscap. 

While  Semple  *'  created  the  materials"  (4)  of  the  office,  Colton 
busied  himself  composing  the  prospectus  and  collecting  the  official 
proclamations  and  the  latest  news  from  the  United  States  and 
Mexico. 

At  last  all  was  ready,  and  on  Aug.  15,  1846,  the  first  newspaper  of 
California,  The  Calif ornian,  was  issued  to  the  expectant  public  of 
Monterey.  '*  A  crowd  was  waiting  when  the  first  sheet  was  thrown' 
from  the  press.  It  produced  quite  a  little  sensation.  Never  was  a 
bank  run  upon  harder ;  not,  however,  by  people  with  paper  to  get 
specie,  but  exactly  the  reverse."  (5) 

The  first  Calijornian  was  a  neat  looking  sheet,  eleven  and  three- 
fourths  by  ten  and  a  half  inches  in  size,  containing  four  pages  of 
two  columns  each.  As  the  type  used  was  of  the  Spanish  alphabet,  it 
contained  no  "  w,"  and  whenever  that  letter  was  needed  two  '*  v's" 
had  to  be  substituted.  Later  (6)  the  editor  offers  an  apology  for  this 
peculiarity,  really  emphasizing  it  by  the  frequent  use  of  the  editorial 
pronoun. 

At  the  head  of  the  first  page  is  the  announcement  that  The  Cali- 
fornian  will  be  published  every  Saturday  morning  by  Colton  and 
Semple,  with  the  subscription  price  at  five  dollars  a  year. 

Most  of  the  first  column  is  occupied  by  the  prospectus.  (7)  The 
editor  stated  that  the  **  principles"  of  this  **  first  paper  ever  pub- 
lished in  California"  could  be  set  forth  in  a  few  words,  and  then  he 
devoted  fifteen  paragraphs  to  them.  A  synopsis  is  as  follows  :  The 
Californian  will  maintain  political  independence  from  Mexico  ;  it 
will  advocate  oblivion  of  past  political  offenses,  believing  that  every 
man  should  be  allowed  the  privilege  of  entering  the  new  era  unem- 
barrassed by  any  part  he  may  have  taken  in  past  revolutions ;  it  will 


(1)  Scrapie  was  from  Illinois,  a  brother  of  Gen.  Semple,  U.  S.  Senator  from  that 
State.  He  came  to  California  in  1845,  as  a  member  of  the  Hasting-  party.  He  became 
prominent  first  in  the  Bear  Flag-  Revolution,  where  he  exerted  an  influence  to  re- 
strain lawless  members  of  the  party.  In  July,  1846,  he  went  to  Monterey.  He  was 
a  member  of  Fauntleroy's  drag-oons  for  a  time.  He  was  a  dentist  and  printer  by 
trade.  He  wasliked  by  the  Californians.  He  later  became  a  partner  with  Vallejo 
in  land  deals. 

(2)  This  wooden  Ramag-e  hand-press  was  broaght  in  1834  from  Boston  by  Capt 
Thos.  Shain  to  Augustin  V.  Zamorano,  of  Monterey.  It  was  used  chiefly  for  g-ov- 
ernment  proclamations,  but  some  school-books  were  printed  upon  it.  Bancroft  says 
that  in  his  library  are  "  seven  little  books  and  over  a  hundred  documents"  from 
this  press  (during'  Mexican  reign).  Mr.  Rob't  Cowan,  of  San  Francisco,  has  four 
Mttle  school  books  printed  by  Zamorano. 

(3)  Colton:  Three  Tears  in  California,  32. 

(4)  Ibid. 

(5)  Three  Tears  in  California,  33. 

(6)  Californian,  Extra,  Jan.  27, 1847.  In  this  apology  Colton  says,  "  We  have  sent 
to  the  Sandwich  Islands  for  this  letter  (w)." 

(7)  In  the  abstract  of  the  prospectus  here  ariven,  Colton's  phraseolog-y  is  used  as 
aearly  as  possible. 


316  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

maintain  freedom  of  speech  and  of  the  press,  and  toleration  in  reli- 
gion ;  it  will  advocate  a  system  of  public  education  ;  it  will  urg-e  the 
immediate  establishment  of  a  well  organized  government,  and  obe- 
dience to  its  laws  ;  it  will  encourage  immigration  and  will  point  out 
fertile  lands  to  the  agricultural  immigrants ;  it  will  encourage 
domestic  manufactures  and  mechanic  arts  ;  it  will  urge  the  organi- 
zation of  internal  defenses  against  the  Indians  ;  it  will  advocate  the 
territorial  relation  of  California  to  the  United  States  until  it  has  suf- 
ficient population  for  a  State  ;  it  will  support  the  measures  of  the 
commander  of  the  American  squadron  on  the  coast  '*  as  far  as  they 
conduce  to  the  public  tranquillity,  the  organization  of  a  free  repre- 
sentative government,  and  alliance  with  the  United  States  ; "  it  will 
urge  the  lowest  rate  of  foreign  duties,  with  the  exemption  of  the 
necessities  of  life  ;  it  will  **  go  for  California,  for  all  her  interests, 
social,  civil  and  religious,  encouraging  everything  that  can  promote 
these,  and  resisting  everything  that  can  do  them  harm  ;  "  it  will  be 
*'  free  and  independent,"  "  unawed  by  power,"  and  "  untrammeled 
by  party ;  "  the  use  of  its  columns  **  will  be  denied  to  none  who  have 
suggestions  promotive  of  public  weal ;  "  it  will  endeavor  to  give  the 
freshest  domestic  intelligence  and  the  earliest  foreign  news  ;  it  will 
enlarge  the  sheet  as  soon  as  the  requisite  materials  can  be  obtained. 

Under  the  caption,  **  News  from  the  United  States  and  Mexico," 
the  proceedings  of  the  United  States  Congress  and  the  Proclamation 
of  President  Polk  of  May  15,  1846,  (1 )  appear,  with  a  slight  inter- 
spersion  of  Mexican  items.  The  proclamations  and  some  of  the 
news  paragraphs  were  printed  both  in  Spanish  and  English. 

In  this  number  is  begun  a  series  on  "  California,"  giving  the  his- 
tory of  the  war  and  an  account  of  the  people  of  the  country.  Articles 
are  promised  on  **  the  sections  of  our  country  that  are  unoccupied  " 
and  *'  where  settlements  may  be  made  for  agricultural  purposes,"  or 
"milling  purposes,"  or  "near  navigable  waters,"  so  as  to  guide 
strangers  "  arriving  in  the  country  with  a  view  to  settling." 

The  only  advertisement  in  the  first  issue  is  that  of  Hartnell  (2)  who 
**  offers  his  services  to  the  public  as  translator  of  all  languages 
spoken  and  written  in  California."  As  American  business  methods 
crept  in,  advertisements  sought  space  in  the  paper.  At  the  close  of 
the  first  six  months  the  proprietors  announced  that  while  the  paper 
was  small  they  had  not  been  anxious  to  have  advertisements,  but 
that  now  they  were  planning  to  enlarge  the  sheet  and  would  take 
them  at  New  York  prices.  A  square  of  12  lines  would  cost  $1.50  for 
its  first  insertion^  and  $1  for  each  subsequent  appearance  ;  or  the 
terms  for  a  year,  **  with  the  privilege  of  changing  as  often  as 
proper,"  were  $50  ;  for  six  months,  $25  ;  and  for  three  months,  $15. 
(3)  Sometimes  these  advertisements  appeared  in  both  English  and 
Spanish  and  are  good  illustrations  of  the  difference  in  the  courtesy 
of  the  two  languages.     (4) 

With  an  utter  absence  of  a  mail  system,  news  from  the  different 
pueblos  was  seldom  received  and  Monterey  furnished  few  happening* 
worthy  of  record.  The  columns  of  the  paper  were  filled  with  the 
official  notices  of  the  de  facto  government,  communications,  and  oc- 
casional verses. 

Regretting  not   only  the    lack  of  news  items,  but  also  the  delay 


(1)  Declaration  of  War  with  Mexico. 

(2)  For  Hartnell,  see  Bancroft,  History  of  Cali/oruia^  III,  7T7. 

(3)  Cali/ornian,  I.  26,  Feb.  13,  1847. 

(4)  EnfiTlish— **  Elisha  Hyatt  informs  the  public  that  he  mannfactnren  pall«,  tubs, 
keir-s,  barrels,  and  churns.    His  shop  is  In  the  rearof  the  American  Consul's." 

Spanish— "Elisha  Hyatt  con  el  debido  respecto,  informa  al  publico  que  ^1  mauu- 
factura  baldes,  tines,  cunetes,  barrilea,  y  mantequeras,  su  casa  esta  detras  de  la 
casa  de  D.  Thohias  O.  I^arkin."— C«i/;/<»r«io«,  1, 10  ,Oct.  17, 184(). 


JOURNALISM    BEFORE    THE    "GOLD    RUSH."ri^ri£^^^ 

in  the  delivery  of  papers  to  subscribers,  (1)  The  Californian  con- 
stantly urged  the  organization  of  a  mail  system.  By  the  continual 
complaints  in  its  columns,  as  well  as  by  the  personal  solicitation  of 
its  editprs,  it  finally  won  the  government  to  establish  a  regular  mail 
route  from  San  Francisco  to  San  Diego. 

The  Californian  has  been  called  a  ''timid,  obsequious  flatterer  of 
the  naval  authorities  in  the  land,  never  once  raising  its  voice  in  dis- 
approbation of  their  acts."  (2)  It  defends  itself  on  the  grounds  that 
the  thing  most  necessary  to  the  country  just  then  was  peace  ;  and 
that  whatever  private  opinions  the  editors  might  hold  of  the  officials, 
in  the  paper  should  appear  only  '*  such  truth  as  is  beneficial  to  the 
country  "  and  "interesting  to  the  readers."  (3)  The  editors  are  justi- 
fied in  this  attitude.  Had  there  been  dissension  among  the  Ameri- 
cans, the  Californians  would  not  have  accepted  the  imposed  govern- 
ment as  soon  as  they  did. 

During  the  first  eight  months.  The  Californian  was  really  the  re- 
sult of  Colton's  labors  alone,  Semple's  energy  being  expended  in 
other  directions.  (4)  Then,  for  some  unexplained  reason,  Colton 
withdrew  and  Semple's  name  appeared  alone  as  publisher. 

With  Semple's  control,  The  Californian  became  a  different  paper. 
I/arge  notices  of  Francesca,  (5)  a  town  he  was  founding,  filled  its 
columns,  and  the  second  number  (6)  after  Colton's  withdrawal  was  the 
last  issued  in  Monterey.  Two  weeks  later,  a  larger  Californian  came 
out  in  San  Francisco  as  number  one  of  volume  two.  Semple  ex- 
plained that  he  commenced  the  second  volume  thus  in  the  ninth 
month  of  the  paper  because  the  size  was  so  much  increased.  (7)  He 
said  he  had  left  Monterey  '*  not  that "  he  **  disliked  the  place  or  the 
people,  but  that  "  he  '*  had  been  so  fortunate  as  to  secure  a  piece  of 
land  on  the  Bay  of  San  Francisco  on  which  "  he  was  *'  laying  out  a 
town."  He  adopted  a  motto  for  the  paper,  "  Measures,  not  Men," 
which  created  many  jests  on  account  of  Semple's  great  height. 

The  residents  of  San  Francisco  did  not  approve  of  a  paper  in  their 
Miidst  booming  a  rival  town,  even  though  that  town  be  all  in  the 
prospective.  Then,  too,  as  Semple  was  so  much  engrossed  in  the 
affairs  of  Francesca,  he  could  not  give  sufficient  time  to  The  Cali- 
fornian. For  these  reasons,  in  July,  1847,  he  sold  the  paper  to  Benj. 
R.  Buckelew.  (8) 

On  July  17,  1847,  Buckelew  brought  out  The  Californian,  with  the 
sub-heading  '*  Devoted  to  the  Advancement  of  Agriculture,  the 
Mechanic  Arts,  Commerce,  Health,  Education,  Morals,  and  the 
General  Progressive  Philosophy  of  Man."  (9)  He  changed  the  motto 
to  "Evils  from  Ignorance — Remedies  from  Knowledge,"  and  in  his 
rather  bombastic  salutatory,  he  assured  the  public  that,  although  a 


(1)  Colton  complains  of  eig-ht  weeks'  papers  waiting;  to  be  carried  to  subscribers. 
He  supposes  they,  too,  are  waiting-  for  the  papers. — Californian,  I,  25,  Feb.  6, 1847. 

U)  Quotation  ia  Kemble,  Sacramento  Daily  Union,  Dec.  25, 1858. 

(3)  Californian,  I,  36,  April  24,  1847. 

(4)  He  was  absent  from  Monterey  most  of  the  time,  locating-  a  city  and  winning-  a 
wife.— Colton,  Three  Tears  in  California,  121. 

(5)  Now  Benicia.  It  was  named  Francesca  after  Mrs.  Vallejo  and  because  it  was 
hoped  it  would  become  the  city  of  San  Francisco  Bay.  Benicia  is  also  iu  honor  of 
Mrs.  Vallejo. 

♦6)     Californian,  I,  38,  May  6,  1847. 

(7)  Californian  II,  1,  May  22, 1847,    It  was  18  x  22  inches. 

(8)  Buckelew  came  overland  in  1846  from  New  York.  Besides  his  connection  with 
the  paper  he  kept  a  jewelry  and  watchmaker's  shop,  was  interested  in  town  lots,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Town  Council-    Bancroft,  Hist,  of  Cal.,  II,  734. 

(9)  Ca//yor«/aK,  II,  9,  July  17, 1847. 


318 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


young-  man,  he  would  make  every  effort  to  give  it  knowledge.  Witk 
Buckelew's  name  as  publisher  at  the  head  of  the  paper  appeared  that 
of  John  Dockrill,  "printer."  (1) 

Buckelew  retained  his  interest  in  the  paper  until  May,  1848,  but  at 
times  he  did  not  occupy  the  editorial  chair.  In  the  fall  of  1847, 
Robert  Gordon  (2)  took  charge,  and  the  literary  form  was  improved. 
In  the  winter  Buckelew  again  edited  it,  with  Jacob  D.  Hoppe  (3)  as 
associate,  and  in  their  hands  it  leaned  toward  the  corrupt  real  estate 
clique. 

In  the  early  part  of  May,  1848,  The  Californian  was  sold  to  a  firm 
consisting  of  Hoppe,  Dockrill  and  Henry  I,.  Sheldon  (4).  Sheldon 
was  to  act  as  editor. 

On  May  24,  1848,  the  second  number  under  the  new  owners,  The 
Californian  suspended  regular  issue.  On  May  29,  a  half -sheet  an- 
nounced that  as  almost  all  the  subscribers  had  gone  to  the  mines  the 
printers  would  go  too.  As  the  cry  was  "Gold!  Gold!  Gold!"  the 
Californian  would  suspend  paper  payments.  However  it  was  not 
dead,  only  "  discontinued,"  and  "whenever  the  people"  should  "re- 
sume their  reading  faculties,"  it  would  be  "recommenced." 

[aX)   BB  CONTINUBD.] 


^ 


A  Mkw  Mexican  Folk-Song. 

HE  following  characteristic  Spanish  folk-song  of  New  Mexico, 
collected  many  years  ago  by  the  editor,  was  arranged  and 
harmonized  by  the  late  John  Comfort  Fillmore: 


BI.  BORRACHITO. 

u. 

Amig-o  Tino  tu  me  turabas  con  ta  alieato, 

I  Las  copas  llenas  donde  'stan  qtte  no 

las  tlento  ? 
Si  me  emborracho,  es  de  paro  sentimiento 
Porqtte  no  me  ama  nua  ingmtk  mujer. 

in. 
El  huisqui  tomo  yo  por  apetito, 
Compro  mi  trasro  si  me  hace  muj  po- 

quito, 
Con  una  taza  de  tequila  mi  abuelito — 
Todo  1o  causa  la  pasion  de  una  mujer. 


THE  TIPSY  BKI,W)W. 
n. 

Friend  Wine,  your  jolly,  jolly  breatk  it 
sends  me  reeling- ! 

Where  are  the  full  cups,  whose  content- 
ment I'd  be  stealing-? 

If  I  get  drunk,  it's  purely  from  excess  mi 
feelingr 

Just  because  an  uuffratef  ol  woman  lores 
me  not  ! 


I  take  the  whiskey  for  the  thirst  that 

may  befall  one ; 
I  buy  my  drink-  which  seems  to  me  a 

very  small  one, 
Like  my  grandad  with  his  g-lass  of  stuff 

—a  tall  one— 
And  a  passion  for  a  woman  caused  it  all. 


(1)  Ibid.    Dockrill  came  in  1847  from  Canada.    He  was  a  printer  by  trade.    Ban- 
croft, HisL  of  Cal.y  II,  781. 

(2)  Gordon  came  from  Honolulu  in  1846,  and  was  actire  in  politics.    Bancroft, 
Htst.  of  Cat.,  Ill,  762. 

(3)  Hoppe  came  overland  from  Maryland  in  1846.    Was  owner  of  town  lots  an4 
boomer  of  real  estate.    Bancroft,  Hist,  of  Cal.y  III,  787. 

(4)  Sheldon  came  in  1848.    Bancroft,  Hist,  of  Cal.y  V,  718. 


A    NEW    MEXICAN    FOLK-SONG.  319 

Arranged  by  John  Comfort  Fillmore.  Collected  by  C.  F.  It. 


rach  -  o     es     por  n    •   na    con  -  Be- 
fbll.  the  on  -  ly    rea  -  son  for    nay 


caen  -  cia—  To  -  do        lo 

booze    l»—  All    on        ac- 


!.  i'n^iii 


nM-r-)-i^H(i^^^-^#^ 


can  -   ea.       la'      pas  -  ion    de  nn  •  6        mu 
count    of    -  pas  -  elon    for       a      worn  •  an- 


i  M  a  N I 


S' 


ii     »      »     9      #^ 


♦ — T* :# — :♦- 


''  ^  V  rt  \  \^ 


i 


3=^=S: 


5=^E=a: 


^■'^    '   i^"->   II 


321 

On  a  Certain  Condescenscion  in 
Easterners." 

HE  Stanford  University  **  Ross  case  "  is  not  yet 
closed,  nor  imminently  about  to  be — though  many 
would  like  to  reckon  it  locked  and  sealed.  L/ike 
other  questions  involving  morals,  it  never  will  be 
closed  until  it  is  closed  right.  The  prosecution 
(of  whose  character  more  will  be  said  later)  of 
course  prefers  the  case  to  end  with  the  prosecu- 
tion's speech.  L/ike  the  cat  and  mouse  of  Alice  in 
Wonderland  : 

"  I'll  be  judgre,  I'll  be  jury," 

Said  cunnitig-  old  Fury  : 
"  I'll  try  the  whole  cause. 

And  condemn  you  to  death." 

The  University  itself  (which  can  hardly  be  called  defendant,  since 
it  properly  denies  the  jurisdiction  of  Fury,  Esq.)  does  not  consent 
that  its  internal  affairs  shall  be  tried  in  the  newspapers  by  indolent 
strangers  2,000  miles  away  ;  nor  care  to  thresh  the  matter  out  in  such 
a  forum.  It  gave  at  the  outset  a  dignified,  official  and  sweeping  de- 
nial of  the  charge  that  it  had  meddled  with  Academic  Freedom  ;  and 
went  on  with  its  affairs  of  teaching  young  men  and  women.  When 
the  self-appointed  prosecutors  demanded  evidence  that  it  did  not  lie, 
it  quietly  and  politely  declined  to  be  cross-examined  coram  non 
judice.  In  their  innocence,  the  urgent  gentlemen  of  the  Seligman 
Shanghai  Court  took  this  polite  snub  for  a  confession  of  guilt ;  and 
proceeded  to  render  their  verdict  on  half -hearing.  Naturally  there  has 
been  a  good  deal  of  indignation  in  the  University  over  the  general 
ignorance  and  occasional  malice  of  the  attack  upon  it ;  but  the  ab- 
surdity of  the  whole  performance,  as  it  is  evident  to  everyone  pos- 
sessed of  the  facts,  makes  it  hard  to  take  these  assaults  seriously,  and 
there  is  anyhow  a  feeling  that  the  noise  is  not  dangerous.  Being 
right,  knowing  they  are  right,  and  confident  in  the  ultimate  common 
sense  of  the  public,  the  Stanford  people  go  about  their  business. 
Their  position  is  academically  impregnable  ;  but  I  think  does  not  suf- 
ficiently take  into  account  the  adhesive  qualities  of  a  lie. 

At  any  rate,  justice  is  a  matter  which  finally  concerns  the  public 
much  more  than  it  does  any  individual  litigant.  The  Stanford  case 
touches  every  American  who  cares  for  education  ;  and  while  it  would 
be  pleasanter  not  to  disoblige  persons  I  respect  as  I  do  the  Stanford 
faculty,  there  are  several  principles  involved  which  are  even  more  to 
me  than  any  set  of  men.  As  to  methods,  theoretically  it  may  be 
better  to  let  a  scandal  die  ;  practically  it  may  be  as  well  to  assist  its 
demise  by  letting  in  the  light  and  air  upon  it.  For  my  part,  then, 
and  in  my  way,  I  intend  to  pursue  this  rather  scandalous  affair  until 
it  shall  be  adequately  ventilated.  The  atrocious  absurdities  and 
occasional  contemptiblenesses  of  the  affair  have  led  me  (and  may  lead 
me  again)  to  ribald  remarks  ;  but  whatever  the  medium  may  be,  it 
will  be  in  deadly  earnest.  No  one  can  do  me  a  greater  service  than 
by  proving  me  wrong  in  any  point ;  but  long-range  guess-work, 
which  has  already  so  actively  boggled  the  case,  will  not  disturb  me. 
So  far  as  the  real  instigation  of  the  plot  goes,  that  has  already  been 
punished,  and  I  desire  to  touch  the  original  parties  as  little  and  as 
gently  as  possible  in  showing  the  truth.  They  had  the  excuse  of 
wounded  personal  interest.  The  important  feature  of  the  case  is  the 
walking-delegate  methods  of  their  easy  prey,  and  the  ready 
rallying,  in  a  sympathetic  strike,  of  many  people  of  whom  better 
things  should  be  expected.     It  is  a  matter  of  some  concern  to  see 


322  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

how  easily  an  able  intriguer  can  play  upon  prejudice  and  ignorance 
even  among  the  elect. 

It  is  pertinent,  first,  to  give  some  little  idea  of  the  haste  and  unpre- 
paredness  of  the  self -constituted  accusers  and  judges  of  Stanford. 
This  little  magazine  has  not  newspaper  space  for  a  monograph  ;  but 
it  can  touch  some  of  the  significant  points. 

The  Seligman  "committee"  whose  parentage  and  whose  report 
were  touched  upon  in  these  pages  last  month,  now  occupies  the  center 
of  the  stage.  It  appointed  itself  to  make  a  terrible  example  of  Stan- 
ford ;  it  thinks  it  has  done  so.  A  number  of  gentlemen,  whose  names 
command  respect  because  they  are  not  in  the  habit  of  doing  what 
they  have  now  done,  indorse  the  report.  The  list  would  be  a  very 
imjxjsing  one  if  the  gentlemen  chanced  to  be  right.  They  might 
have  been  nearer  right  by  taking  more  pains,  and  by  not  taking  so 
much  for  granted  as  to  the  industry  and  judicial  temper  of  the 
**  committee." 

For  reasons  which  will  readily  appear,  it  is  safe  to  assume  that  not 
one  of  the  gentlemen  signing  the  *'  committee's"  attack  on  Stanford 
has  ever  gone  to  the  trouble  to  read  Prof.  Ross's  pivotal  pamphlet^ 
Honest  Dollars.  That  is  one  example  of  how  their  idea  of  "  earnest 
investigation" — or  honest  investigation — differs  from  mine.  It  vio- 
lates no  confidence  to  say  that  that  book — and  his  failure  to  outgrow 
its  methods — was  the  vital  reason  of  Prof.  Ross's  dismissal.  Accord- 
ing to  frontier  notions  of  science,  that  volume  is  the  very  first  thing 
a  competent  investigator  of  the  case  would  turn  to.  It  was  once 
"history"  to  write  by  inspired  guesswork,  without  deigning  to  con- 
sult the  documents  or  the  personal  equation ;  but  it  is  not  history 
any  longer.  The  arm-chair  method  works  as  ill  in  academic  discus- 
sion as  in  science. 

Feeling  convinced  that  neither  Prof.  Seligman,  nor  his  two  fellow 
*'  committee"  men,  nor  Mr.  Horace  White,  nor  his  companion  in- 
dorsers  of  the  report,  have  ever  consulted  this  first  document  in  the 
case,  I  herewith  reproduce  for  their  comfort  a  few  sample  pages  of 
it,  in  photographic  facsimile.  It  is  their  book  now.  They  have 
gone  to  no  little  trouble  to  make  it  so.  They  are  of  voluntary  record 
as  holding  that  the  college  professor  who  does  this  sort  of  thing 
should  not  be  dismissed.  They  must  confess  that  this  deliverance  is 
consonant  with  their  ideas  of  academic  taste,  dignity  and  "  free- 
dom ;"  or  that  they  have  made  haste  to  do  grievous  harm  to  a  Uni- 
versity for  discharging  a  man  as  to  whose  fitness  they  knew  nothing. 
The  tertiutn  quid  of  the  dilemma  would  be  that  while  they  would  not 
deem  such  a  thing  proper  in  an  Eastern  University,  they  think  Stan- 
ford had  no  business  to  object,  since  anything  in  California  cannot  be 
a  University  anyhow.  There  is,  unfortunately,  a  good  deal  of  this 
provincial  spirit  in  the  affair  ;  and  it  has  followed  Stanford  from  the 
first.  An  entertaining  volume  could  be  made  of  the  narrow — and,  as 
time  has  shown,  foolish — prophecies.  *'  You  cannot  make  a  Univer- 
sity with  money."  "As  much  needed  as  a  home  for  decayed 
mariners  in  Switzerland."  "  The  lecturers  will  talk  to  empty 
benches  in  marble  halls."  And  so  on.  Nor  is  it  consoling,  even  to 
the  best  man,  to  be  made  a  false  prophet.  Stanford  is  a  success. 
It  has  even  regenerated  the  State  University.  The  two  now  have 
some  six  times  as  many  students  as  the  one  had  when  Stanford 
opened,  ten  years  ago.  California  has  one  college  student  to  every 
419  of  total  population — a  proportion  which  far  outstrips  any  Eastern 
State.  But  it  will  not  at  once  be  forgiven  these  impertinences.  Even 
men  so  good  that  they  would  not  harbor  this  provincialism  if  they 
realized  it,  do  harbor  it  because  they  have  not  seen  the  facts. 

Now  these  gentlemen  have  an  easy  way  to  prove  at  once  their  sin- 
cerity and  their  freedom  from  sectional  bias.    Also  their  practicality. 


ON  A  CERTAIN  CONDESCENSCION  IN  EASTERNERS."  ^^ 


Prof.  Ross  is  now  at  the 
little  University  of  Ne- 
braska at  $1000  a  year. 
These  gentlemen  have  in- 
fluence in  their  own  big- 
Universities  and  some 
others.  I^et  them  use  it. 
Their  vindicatory  report  is 
very  fine,  but  it  butters  no 
parsnips.  It  will  not  pay 
board-bills  nor  buy  books. 
It  is  a  rather  visionary  alms 
for  Men  of  Power.  He  asks 
for  bread,  and  they  give 
him  a  report.  het  Dr. 
Seligman  take  Honest  Dol- 
lars in  his  hand  and  besiege 
the  trustees  of  Columbia. 
het  Dr.  Farnam  do  the 
same  by  Yale,  and  Dr. 
Gardner  likewise  by  Brown; 
and  let  Mr.  White,  who  has 
more  influence  than  all  of 
them — and  merits  it,  hav- 
ing never  before,  I  think, 
been  so  easily  trapped — put 
on  an  all-around  pressure. 
I^et  them  say :  **  Here  is  a 
great  and  good  professor 
who  has  been  shamefully 
entreated  in  the  rude  West. 
He  is  so  important  that  in 
his  defense  we  have  felt 
constrained  to  blacken  115 
other  professors  and  1,400  students,  and  an  old  woman  who  gave  all 
her  substance  to  the  University  in  the  Wrong  Place.  I^et  us  give 
him  a  $4,000  chair,  at  least,  and  get  the  benefit  of  him  for  Ijastern 
education.  See,  here  is  his  famous  work.  An  Honest  Dollar  is  the 
Noblest  Work  of  Man.  We  cannot  afford  to  do  without  such  a  para- 
gon.    There  is  nothing  like  him  in  the  Kast."  7*i^''\ 

That  would  be  rather  more  sincere,  and  rather  more  just.  But  it 
will  not  be  done.  Prof.  Ross  will  have  to  shift  for  himself.  He  has 
interested  his  advocates  for  two  reasons  ;  but  neither  reason  is  that 
they  deem  him  an  ideal  college  professor — except  for  California. 
Harvard,  Yale,  Cornell,  Columbia,  Johns  Hopkins  and  some  lesser 
ones,  are  all  represented  by  their  IJconomists  in  the  report  vindicating 
Ross ;  but  none  of  these  Universities  seem  in  haste  to  take  their 
economists  seriously  and  secure  Ross.  v.',"ik 

The  magnum  opus  of  63  pp. ,  a  reduced  facsimile  of  whose  cover  is 
here  given,  has  for  title  page  : 

HONEST  DOIvLrARS 

by 

Edward  A.  Ross, 

Professor  of  Economic  Theory  and  Finance  in  Leland  Stanford^  Jr.  ^ 

University  ;  Secretary  of  the  American  Economic  Association 

1892-93. 

Chicago. 

Charles  H.  Kerr  &  Company, 

56  Fifth  Avenue. 

18%. 


COVKR  OF   DR.    ROSS'S   "BOOK. 


a24 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


(By  whom  the  volume  is  copyrighted.) 
The  running-  title  at  the  head  of  each  pair  of  pages  is  : 

**  An  Honest  Doi,i,ar  is         thk  Nobi^kst  Work  of  Man." 
The  illustrations  and  phrases   in  capitals  speak  for  themselves  in 
facsimile.     The  following  excerpts,  taken  almost  at  random,  are  also 
illuminative. 

**  Every  man  who   borrows   money  promises  to  deliver  so  many 


THE  NOBLEST  IVORK  OP  MAN 


RECOMMBND  "   TO  THE  EASTERN  MIND. 


CUncle  Sam  as  an  ass  pursuing  a  wisp  of  hay  and  srinditiir  out  wealth  for  Joha 
Bull.)    From  Ross's  Honest  Dollars,  p.  41. 


'ON  A  CERTAIN  CONDESCENSCION  /N  EASTERNERS."  ^2S 


AS  HE  TBINE8  IT  IS. 


AS  IT  REALLY  IS. 


WHAT  THB  BAST  THINKS   "NICK." 
(Uncle  Sam's  stupidity  about  "  Honest  Money.")    From  Ross's  Honest  Dollars^  p.  49. 

dollars  in  the  future,  and  if  he  can  repay  with  little  fifty-cent  dollars 
he  cheats  his  creditor,  while  if  he  must  pay  big  200-cent  dollars  the 

creditor  defrauds  him When  an  individual  does  it,  it  is 

B'ORGERY  ;  when  a  nation  does  it,  it  is  '  SOUND  FINANCE." 


326 


LAND    OF   SUNSHINE. 


"  Injured  by  big-,  fat  dollars."  *' We  pumped  silver  into  our  cur- 
rency." ''Saving  himself  by  a  vigorous  kick."  "Silver  was  not 
quietly  supplanted  ;  it  was  KICKED  OUT."  "  Rescue  us  from  the 
CRUEL  PINCH  of  the  gold  standard."  "Gold,  we  have  seen,  gives 
a  frightfully  dishonest   dollar."       "Silver-using    countries    HAVE 


.y-sWV^. 


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Hi 


*'ON  A  CERTAIN  CONDESCENSCION  IN  EASTERNERS."  ^27 

NOT  NOW  AND  HAVi)  NOT  HAD  a  depreciating  currency." 
"  The  DEGRADING  S^RVIIvITY  of  some  gold  men  to  European 
example."  "  But  the  50-cent  dollar  !  Ah,  this  is  the  big  trump  of 
the  friends  of  robber  money.  If  this  cannot  take  the  trick,  what 
will  ?"     And  so  on  for  quantity.     Capitals  are  Ross's. 

Facing  title-page  are  cuts  of  a  Bryan  medal  and  bust.  *'  No  Cross 
of  Gold.  Free  and  Unlimited  Coinage  of  Silver.  Are  you  ashamed 
of  your  gallant  young  leader?    If  not,  hang  up  his  portrait." 

No  one  cares  about  Prof.  Ross's  "  views  on  the  Silver  Question." 
It  is  his  method  of  expressing  them  that  is  objected  to.  The  book  as 
a  whole  may  be  taken  now  to  show  what  the  rude  West  thinks  a 
college  professor  should  not  do.  It  may  be  what  several  prominent 
Eastern  authorities  think  he  should.  And  it  is  the  key  to  all  the 
rest.  Prof.  Ross  is  a  man  of  clean  life,  of  great  brilliancy,  a  lecturer 
and  writer  of  force,  and  of  many  other  virtues  which  have  been 
most  generously  stated  by  President  Jordan.  But  he  lacked  judg- 
ment, taste  and  balance,  and  did  not  learn  them.  That  he  was 
dismissed,  reinstated  on  probation  in  a  minor  place,  warned, 
patiently  tried  for  nearly  four  years,  and  finally  in  despair  but  quietly 
beheaded  for  good,  is  matter  of  record.  He  asked  his  retirement 
to  appear  voluntary  ;  and  to  that  end  the  kindest  words  were  written 
for  him  that  a  generous  man  could  write  in  the  glow  of  consideration 
caused  by  Prof.  Ross's  manly  attitude  and  desire  to  go  out  quietly. 
He  then  fell  under  bad  advice,  evidently — the  beginning  of  the  plot 
— changed  his  mind  and  launched  a  newspaper  war  ;  which  has  since 
been  directed,  however,  by  some  one  of  more  continuity. 

COOWE  IMMIGRATION. 

I  venture  also  to  predict  that  not  one  of  the  hasty  tribunal  took 
pains  to  find  out  anything  about  Prof.  Ross's  speech  on  Coolie  Immi- 
gration. As  they  build  great  and  unconcealed  hopes  upon  it,  and  in- 
dorse it  as  a  chief  cause  of  Mrs.  Stanford's  "dissatisfaction"  with 
theirS^lient,  and  blame  her  for  being  dissatisfied,  it  might  have  paid 
them  to  take  the  trouble  to  inquire.  The  closing  phrase  of  that 
speech  as  reported  in  the  San  Francisco  Call  of  May  8th,  1900,  runs  : 

"And  should  the  worst  come  to  the  worst,  it  would  be  better  for  us 
to  turn  our  guns  upon  every  vessel  bringing  Japanese  to  our  shores 
rather  than  to  permit  them  to  land." 

Prof.  Ross's  expurgated  edition,  indeed,  omits  this  ;  but  if  he  has 
denied  the  expression  his  denial  has  escaped  me.  He  certainly  has 
not  denied  it  to  Mrs.  Stanford  or  to  Prest.  Jordan.  And  it  chances 
that  both  of  them  read  the  Call  version.  Strange  that  this  unreason- 
able old  woman  should  "take  this  seriously  "  !  We  have  high  Eastern 
authority  that  she  ought  to  be  thankful  to  find  such  judicious  profes- 
sors in  the  University  to  which  she  had  consecrated  not  only  all  her 
money  but  her  memory  of  a  dead  husband  and  son.  Strange,  too, 
that  Prest.  Jordan — who  had  all  the  advantages  of  Eastern  cul- 
ture for  40  years,  and  ranked  high  while  he  stayed  where  culture 
moveth  itself  aright — strange  that  he  should  not  have  enjoyed  this 
deliverance  of  one  of  his  faculty,  and  told  Mrs.  Stanford  that  this 
was  precisely  the  sort  of  thing  which  would  receive  support  in  the 
highest  educational  centers  ! 

For  the  class  of  people  who  charge  Mrs.  Stanford  with  undue  love 
or  venal  interest  in  "  coolies,"  I  could  not  think  of  printing  my 
opinion.  The  Dennis  Kearneys  are  not  discussable.  As  to  those  who 
think  the  imputation  of  such  langxiage  creditable  to  a  professor,  it  is 
not  even  worth  while  to  have  an  opinion.  As  to  the  action  of  those 
who  have  taken  no  sincere  pains  to  discover  the  truth,  but  who  have 
jumped  to  conclusions  for  the  injury  of  their  neighbor  and  peer,  my 


328 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


opinion  is  unimportant,  but  is  at  least  based  on  the  facts,  and  the 
facts  are  important. 

As  meat  for  what  the  late  A.  Ward  called  '*  sarkasism,"  perhaps 
nothing-  else  from  so  respectable  a  source  was  ever  so  juicy  as  the 
Seligman  report.  If  it  has  to  wait  its  turn,  patient  waiters  are  no 
losers.  In  fullness  of  time  it  will  be  possible,  even  in  these  narrow 
pages,  to  come  to  some  of  the  chief  characteristics  of  a  procedure  so 
peculiar.  For  one  thing,  perhaps  **  academic  freedom  "was  never  be- 
fore held  to  include  the  violation  of  a  woman's  correspondence. 


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'ON  A  CERTAIN  CONDESCENSCION  //V  EASTERNERS."  ^^^ 

An  abstract  of  the  Selig"man  "committee's  "  report  was  printed  in 
the  Associated  Press  newspapers  ;  the  official  document  can  doubt- 
less be  had  of  Prof.  Edwin  R.  A.  Selig-man,  Columbia  University, 
N.  Y. — for  the  g-entlemen  have  gone  to  the  expense  of  a  15-page 
pamphlet  entiled 

**  The  Dismissal  of  Professor  Ross.    Report  of 
'*  Committee  of  Economists." 

The  report  starts  with  a  bad  foot  forward:  **Thc  committee,  ap- 
pointed al  the  meeting  of  th^  economists  in  Detroit,  December  28,  1900, 

to  inquire  into  the  causes  of  the  dismissal have 

earnestly  endeavored  to  learn  the  facts  of  the  case."  Italics  mine,  of 
course.  Here  in  precisely  four  lines  are  two  statements  which,  to 
say  the  least,  might  have  been  more  honest.  To  the  average  reader 
who  does  not  know  the  sacrosanct  minutes,  this  of  course  means 
that  the  **  committee  "  was  appointed  by  the  meeting  of  "  the  econo- 
mists " — namely,  the  meeting  of  the  American  Economic  Associa- 
ciation.  Possibly  Columbia,  Yale  and  Brown  have  Professors  of 
Political  Economy  so  unworldly  as  not  to  be  aware  that  that  mean- 
ing would  generally  attach  to  their  words.  Of  course  the  **  com- 
mittee "  was  not  so  appointed.  How  it  did  come  into  this  world, 
itself  knows  ;  but  the  official  Association  does  not,  for  it  was  not  ac- 
couched. 

The  **  committee's  "  definition  of  "earnest  endeavor"  is  at  least 
optimistic.  Possibly  they  have  crossed  words  as  my  six-year-old  did 
at  a  national  convention  of  the  Christian  Endeavorers  :  '*  Papa,  who 
are  these  Christian  Endevilers  ?  "  If  a  little  scandalmongering  and 
a  few  dictated  letters  are  Earnest  Endeavors,  what  qualifying  term 
would  the  gentlemen  have  left  for  the  process  of  asking  a  railroad 
pass,  taking  a  plush  Pullman  and  Coming  to  See  ?  Possibly  that 
would  be  Frantic  Endeavor  in  their  vocabulary.  Throughout,  the 
report  is  as  disingenuous  ;  but  for  the  moment  I  can  consider  only  a 
few  of  its  farther-reaching  qualities.  Of  course  the  most  impudent 
and  generic  assumption  of  the  report  is  its  statement  (p.  6). 

"  There  is  evidence  to  show  :  That  Mrs.  Stanford's  objections  to 
Prof.  Ross  were  due,  in  part,  at  all  events,  to  his  former  attitude  on 
the  silver  question  and  to  his  utterances  on  coolie  immigration," 
etc. 

I  do  not  charge  these  gentlemen  with  dishonesty  ;  but  if  they  know 
so  little  of  language  as  a  tool  of  precision,  they  could  learn  some- 
thing to  their  advantage  by  attending  the  very  good  English  depart- 
ment at  a  Western  university  known  as  Iceland  Stanford,  Jr.  I  have 
italicized  "attitude"  and  "utterances,"  because  these  words  are 
abused ;  if  not  with  intent  to  deceive,  at  least  with  that  inevitable 
result.  There  is  no  evidence  whatever  that  Mrs.  Stanford  opposed 
Free  Silver  or  favored  Coolie  Immigration.  There  is  no  evidence 
that  she  objected  to  anyone's  having  an  "attitude  "  on  these  things. 
There  is  no  evidence  that  she  cared  if  anyone  had  two  or  three  atti- 
tudes on  them — as  Prof.  Ross  did  successively.  There  is  abundant 
evidence — though  the  "committee"  does  not  know  a  word  of  it  ex- 
cept by  hearsay — that  she  objected  to  the  kind  of  attitude  Dr.  Ross 
assumed,  as  hereinbefore  illustrated.  There  is  also  abundant  evidence 
that  Prest.  Jordan  objected — and  acted.  But  with  as  fine  disregard 
of  the  English  language  as  of  several  other  things,  the  "committee" 
sedulously  spreads  the  charge  that  the  objection  was  to  a  professor 
having  opinions  and  expressing  them.  And  this  is  the  tide  which  has 
swept  away  the  better  men  who  have  leaned  too  far  on  the  Seligman 
triumvirate.  Perhaps  now,  gratuitously  presented  with  a  few  of  the 
crucial  data  they  should  have  sought  for  themselves  in  the  first 
place,  these  gentlemen  may  have  the  faint  flush  of  an  idea  that  pos- 
sibly they  were  a  trifle  swift  to  believe,  prejudge  and  report  evil  of 


330  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

California  g^ud  California.  They  certainly  would  not  have  dared  fol- 
low the  same  procedure  as  to  Harvard.  At  least,  before  "tackling-  " 
that  dean  of  Universities,  they  would  have  made  sure  to  be  ap- 
pointed. But  they  thought  they  could  make  their  point — and  what  it 
was  I  shall  consider  —  upon  the  Barbarous  West  with  perfect 
safety  and  not  much  care.  They  had,  I  think  I  may  say,  a  certain 
professional  object  in  view ;  and  with  untraveled  innocence  they 
thoug-ht  to  "try  it  on  the  dog-."  Stanford  was  to  be  a  deadly  warn- 
ing- to  all  nearer  and  more  timorsome  college  presidents  not  to  dare 
discharg-e  any  rattlebang-  incompetent  who  might  belong  to  the 
Kconomists — the  first  realization  of  Prof.  Lawton's  golden  vision  of 
an  Amalgamated  College-Puddler's  Union.  Herein  I  stray.  As  to 
Stanford  I  give  facts.  Of  the  Seligman  performers  I  know  only 
their  average  work  and  standing  and  their  present  fall.  My  remark 
is  merely  theory  ;  but  one  I  feel  competent  to  defend  for  several 
minutes. 

Since  it  is  the  Seligman  gospel  (which  I  deny  except  as  toward  its 
authors)  that  a  meddlesome  strange  outsider  has  full  right  to  cross- 
examine  your  private  affairs,  there  seems  no  vital  reason  why  I  may 
not  as  well  subpoena  the  Seligman  "committee"  as  it  could  sum- 
mons the  administration  of  Stanford.  The  University  answered 
them  politely  to  the  effect :  "  Who  may  you  chance  to  be  ?  As  human 
beings  we  inform  you  we  are  not  guilty  ;  but  as  a  court  we  deny  your 
jurisdiction."  The  same,  and  less  politely,  my  summoned  witnesses 
may  retort  and  be  welcome.  My  concern  is  not  with  them.  The 
only  audience  worth  addressing  in  this  case  is  that  of  people  who  use 
common  sense  in  their  mental  processes  and  common  manhood  in 
their  overt  acts.  I  shall  merely  outline  the  cross-examination. 
Better  people  may  apply  it.  Nor  should  refusal  to  answer  be  taken 
as  a  proof  of  guilt.  It  may  be  merely  that  a  dose  of  their  own 
medicine  meets  "  the  contempt  it  merits."  I  shall  not  ask  one  ques- 
tion idly  nor  in  the  attorney's  spirit.  There  is  reason  and  informa- 
tion back  of  every  question. 

Mr.  Seligman  for  some  reason  deems  it  essential  to  "add  [p.  10]  that 
Dr.  Ross  is  neither  the  instigator  of  this  letter  nor  aware  of  its  con- 
tents." Will  the  gentleman  be  frank  enough  to  state,  as  to  this  letter 
and  his  whole  procedure,  the  same  as  to  Dr.  Howard  ? 

And,  by  the  way,  where  does  Dr.  Howard  come  in  ?  Why  is  his 
name  not  breathed  in  this  report  ?  Doubtless  the  "committee"  knows 
that  he  is  a  much  abler  and  stronger  man  than  Ross.  Even  the 
"  committee"  may  have  heard  that  he  was  dismissed  from  Stanford 
University  specifically  for  what  he  said  about  Ross.  If  they  are  so 
concerned  about  "  Academic  Freedom"  why  not  rally  to  its  larger 
martyr  ?  If  they  must  support  Ross,  why  not  support  the  man  who 
supjjorted  Ross  with  more  sincerity  and  at  a  harder  price  ?  They 
make  the  largest  ripple  they  ever  made  in  America,  by  championing 
Ross.  Dr.  Howard  threw  away  his  life  position.  Mistaken  and  ill- 
judged  and  intolerable  as  his  act  was,  it  was  as  much  more  sincere 
and  manful  than  theirs  as  the  later  progress  of  the  case  proves  him 
abler.  They  can  Write  reports,  but  he  can  steer  men.  Why  not  a 
word  for  him?  Is  it  that  the  "committee"  was  "appointed"  to 
consider  Ross  only?  But  we  may  be  sure  the  same  good-natured 
power  would  have  "  appointed"  it  to  include  Howard  also.  Can  it 
be  possible  that  there  is  a  limit  to  "  Academic  Freedom  ;"  and  that 
by  no  fault  of  their  industry  the  "committee"  discovered  that  Dr. 
Howard  had  passed  it  ?  Or  is  there  a  more  intimate  debt  ?  Is  it 
perhaps  at  the  request  of  a  collaborator  that  the  much  larger  case  is 
not  mentioned  at  all  ?  I  have  no  amanuensis  ;  but  as  these  words  will 
be  forwarded,  marked,  to  the  gentlemen  involved,  they  may  be  taken 
for  quite  as  direct  as  their  typed  cross-examination  of  Prest.  Jordan. 


ON  A  CERTAIN  CONDESCENSCION  IN  EASTERNERS."  ^^^ 

Did  Mr.  Seligman,  having-  written  the  letter  g-iven  in  his  appendix 
under  date  of  Jan.  30,  follow  it  with  a  teleg^ram  within  a  day  of 
the  time  in  which  the  letter  could  possibly  reach  Stanford  Univer- 
sity :  "  When  can  we  expect  answer  ?  Vbry  UrgknT.  Wire  Reply, 
Collect"  ?  If  so,  why  did  he  not  include  it  in  the  pamphlet  as  proof 
how  *'  earnestly"  he  had  **  endeavored"  ?  And  why  Very  Urg-ent  ? 
Any  connection  with  the  fact  that  it  was  on  the  eve  of  the  National 
Educational  Association  Convention,  and  that  Prof.  Selig-man  wished 
to  be  on  hand  at  that  convention  and  use  Stanford  as  a  rod  in  ter- 
rorem  ?  If  this  was  not  the  reason,  and  the  only  assignable  reason, 
for  Very  Urg-ency,  will  Dr.  Selig"man  kindly  inform  us  what  reason 
he  did  have  ?  His  pamphlet,  certainly,  would  have  been  just  as  val- 
uable in  1905  as  it  is  now.  And  Truth  is  never  breakneck.  "  The 
eternal  years  of  God  are  hers."  Bven  Acadenjic  Freedom  would 
probably  **  keep"  in  Eastern  January  and  February  weather.  The 
chief  ammunition  of  Dr.  Selig-man  is  a  letter  from  Prest.  Jordan — 
or,  rather,  extracts  from  such  a  letter  without  context  or  verification. 
That  letter  is  not  to  Prof.  Ross.  It  is  not  to  Prof.  Seligman — and 
he  is  careful  not  to  state  to  whom  it  is.  Will  Dr.  Selig-man  kindly 
explain  how  he  came  to  have  this  private  and  confidential  letter,  and 
how  he  came  to  think  he  had  a  man's  right  to  use  it,  not  in  self-de- 
fense but  in  a  volunteer  case  it  shall  eventually  be  patent  (if  it  is  not 
already)  that  he  knew  nothing  about  ?  I  think  I  know  how  this 
stolen  copy  reached  him  ;  but  I  shall  never  know  how  he  came  to  use 
it.     If  he  cares  to  know  the  theft  I  will  inform  him  in  these  pages. 

But  I  would  like  to  ask  point  blank  on  what  date,  about,  he  received 
these  palpably  stolen  goods.  Was  it,  perchance,  long  before  his 
"appointment"  as  a  "committee"?  If  so,  why?  Was  he  under- 
stood to  be  already  a  Standing  Committee  of  Himself  waiting  for  a 
chance  to  score  a  certain  design  upon  the  first  unwary  presidential 
head  that  should  show  itself  far  enough  off  from  the  Center  of  Cul- 
ture to  be  safe  to  thwack  ?  If  he  did  not  get  this  stolen  letter  several 
weeks  before  the  parthenogenesis  of  his  "  committee,"  I  would 
be  grateful  to  know  when  he  did  receive  it,  and  will  apologize  in 
calendar  progression  for  every  week  by  which  my  thought  may  have 
wronged  him.  For  by  just  so  much  as  one  despises  deviousness,  one 
must  despise  to  be  devious.  I  assume,  of  course,  that  Dr.  Seligman 
did  not  know  what  1  know  of  this  letter.  But  pray  how  did  he  think 
he  came  by  a  private  letter  from  Prest.  Jordan  to  Mrs.  Stanford,  and 
that  he  was  entitled  to  use  it  ?  Had  he  the  consent  of  writer  or  ad- 
dressee ?  Did  he  take  any  pains  to  verify  it  as  a  true  copy  ?  Why 
did  he  not  mention  in  his  report  that  this  letter  is  a  confidential  one 
to  Mrs.  Stanford  ?  Any  suspicion  that  men  would  think  less  of  him 
if  they  knew  the  fact  ? 

The  Chicago  Dial  of  April  1,  in  the  sanest  and  highest-minded  and 
clearest-seeing  editorial  I  have  yet  found  upon  this  muddled  subject, 
put  its  finger  upon  another  sore  point  in  this  vulnerable  report — its 
**  bluff"  that  it  *'  stands  ready  to  publish  in  full  the  letters  upon 
which  we  have  based  our  conclusions  ...  if  such  a  course  is 
necessary  to  establish  the  truth."  Such  a  "course"  would  not 
"  establish  the  truth,"  nor  even  the  "  committee's"  caricature  of  it; 
but  it  should  have  been  followed  at  the  outset.  For  my  own  part,  I 
trust  it  will  yet  be  followed.  It  would  show,  indeed,  how  boyishly 
generous  Prest.  Jordan  can  be  to  a  man  who  is  down.  And  while 
the  "  committee"  could  not  understand  how  a  president  could  praise 
a  professor  in  some  things  and  discharge  him  for  others,  that  com- 
mentary is  easy  to  supply. 

And  when  they  begin  to  "  publish  in  full  the  letters  on  which  we 
have  based  our  conclusions,"  these  gentlemen  will  be  obliged  to  pub- 
lish all  the  letters,  and  tell  how  they  came  by  some  of  them.     They 


332  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

cannot  stop  at  Prest.  Jordan's  letters.  Common  people  will  desire  to 
see  what  other  letters  and  telegrams  from  California  assisted  their 
conclusions.  When  they  publish,  for  instance,  all  their  correspond- 
ence with  Dr.  Howard,  we  may  perhaps  know  how  far  the  commit- 
tee have  been  **g^uided."  I^et  us  by  all  means  have  all  the  corre- 
spondence— but  all.  It  would  make  a  book  ;  but  Prof.  Seligman,  I 
believe,  is  wealthy. 

If  these  words  are  blunt,  it  is  because  Mr.  Seligman  and  his  asso- 
ciates have  done  a  thing  which  to  the  average  rude  Westerner  seems 
unmanful  throughout,  and  in  some  points  contemptible.  I  do  not  for 
a  moment  imagine  they  realized  what  they  were  doing  ;  but  it  is  well 
that  they  shall  realize  what  they  have  done.  A  certain  malice,  a 
generic  unpreparedness,  and  some  worse  features  mark  their  act,  and 
these  are  qualities  which  may  just  as  well  become  unpopular  by  ex- 
posure. The  whole  controversy  is  one  I  regret ;  but  it  was  not  be- 
gun on  **  our  side  ;  "  and  as  a  gratuitous,  wanton,  ignorant  and  false 
attack  has  been  made  and  followed  up,  the  gentlemen  who  blundered 
into  it  may  thank  themselves  for  whatsoever  bruises  they  emerge 
withal. 

This  is  a  small  part  of  what  may  be  said.  Anyone  familiar  with  the 
facts  can  riddle  the  whole  Seligman  report.  But  for  the  moment, 
this  will  suffice  to  expose  the  methods  of  the  main  attack  on  Stan- 
ford. As  to  the  vital  question,  whether  "Academic  Freedom  "  is  in- 
volved, I  have  already  stated  that  in  my  opinion,  based  not  on  guess- 
work, but  of  intimate  knowledge,  it  is  not.  Four  men  of  higher 
standing  have  officially  given  their  word  that  it  is  not  —  Prest. 
Jordan,  Drs.  Branner,  Stillman  and  Gilbert.  The  faculty  of  Stan- 
ford overwhelmingly  indorses  this  statement.  It  may  be  the  token 
of  a  cultured  mind  in  some  Eastern  circles  (ignorant  of  both  sides) 
to  believe  that  the  Stanford  faculty  and  student-body  are  liars  or 
cringeing  menials — and  they  must  be  one  of  the  twain  if  the  Selig- 
man report  is  true — but  it  will  not  seriously  appeal  to  ordinary 
people.  For  the  1500  at  Stanford  are  after  all  Americans,  though 
they  live  (for  the  time  at  least)  in  California  ;  and  it  would  be  hard  to 
catch  1,500  American  Scrubs  all  unmitigated  in  one  spot.  It  is 
much  easier  to  conceive  that  three  remote  and  confessedly  half-in- 
formed college  professors  had  blundered. 

As  to  the  Eastern  people  who  hound  Mrs.  Stanford,  in  due  succes- 
sion to  the  sandlotter  Dennis  Kearney,  there  may  be  something  to 
say  later.  For  the  present  it  is  enough  to  repeat  the  simple  truth 
that  she  has  neither  '*  meddled  "  nor  coerced  nor  done  any  other  in- 
decent thing  in  the  case.  A  small  part  of  the  brains,  sincerity  and  cool 
common  sense  she  has  used  would  have  divided  up,  in  the  specific 
case,  to  the  large  advantage  of  several  score  of  the  gentlemen  who 
now  have  the  enviable  position  of  damning  her.  And  it  is  no  secret 
that  the  only  discussion  between  her  and  Prest.  Jordan  was  not 
whether  Prof.  Ross  must  go,  but  how  and  when  he  had  better  go. 
Enough  copies  of  letters  were  not  stolen  for  the  **  committee."  They 
have  no  context.  They  were  not  even  shrewd  enough  to  suspect 
there  might  be  one.  And  instead  of  "  pusillanimous  yielding  to  Mrs. 
Stanford's  tyrannical  demand  "  for  the  head  of  Ross  upon  a  charger, 
Prest.  Jordan  merely  showed  the  decent  courtesy  any  man  would 
have  shown  in  the  like  case  by  agreeing  to  her  method  of  doing  a 
thing  he  was  fully  convinced  should  be  done.  If  the  gentlemen  who 
have  unduly  intervened  in  the  case  care  at  all  to  know  how  stupid 
even  learned  men  can  be  in  a  matter  they  have  taken  no  adequate 
pains  to  understand,  it  will  be  my  pleasure  to  show  them. 

Chas.  F.  Lummis. 


333 

TO    UOVC    WHAT    IS    TRUC,    TO    HATC    SHAMS,    TO    FEAR    NOTHINQ    WITHOUT,    AND    TO    THINK    A    LITTLC. 


Kx-presidents  of  the  United  States  do  not  die  every  day.  It  is  eight 
years  since  Hayes  passed,  and  twice  as  long-  since  a  really  large  one 
did.  In  the  death  of  Benjamin  Harrison,  March  13,  the  country  sus- 
tains a  rare  loss  ;  and  it  is  encouraging  to  note  how  generally  this 
fact  is  recognized,  regardless  of  party  lines.  There  have  been  a  few 
greater  presidents  than  Harrison ;  but  in  the  list  of  25  men  he  is 
probably  the  only  one  who  grew  taller  after  his  term.  A  good  presi- 
dent, he  became  perhaps  the  greatest  ex-president.  Certainly  none 
of  his  predecessors  took  leading  place,  after  their  retirement,  in  so 
many  capital  phases  of  national  and  international  affairs  ;  and  none 
have  in  any  event  more  satisfactorily  filled  such  place.  It  is  only  a 
few  months  since  he  himself  humorously  referred  to  the  question, 
**  What  shall  we  do  with  our  ex-presidents  ?" — a  problem  of  some 
pertinence  because  it  is  notorious  that  most  of  the  men  who  have 
survived  their  term  became  practically  extinguished  as  lights  to  their 
country.  It  may  have  been  a  little  their  fault ;  it  is  more  likely  a 
structural  improvidence  of  our  system,  that  as  a  rule  we  get  little 
national  good  thereafter  from  the  men  who  have  graduated  from  the 
highest  college  of  statecraft  our  republic  knows.  In  the  eight  years 
since  he  left  that  exigent  school.  Gen.  Harrison  has  shown  what  ex- 
presidents  may  do  with  themselves  pending  our  invention  of  a  con- 
certed system  for  the  common-sense  utilization  of  their  personal 
talents  and  their  specific  education.  Without  a  trace  of  forwardness 
or  **  push,"  but  with  dignity  and  sound  balance.  Gen.  Harrison  has 
continued  to  serve  his  country.  The  fruits  of  his  learning  have  been 
made  of  use  to  national  affairs.  He  has  visibly  broadened  and  grown 
in  the  period  ;  and  his  ripened  powers  have  given  him  a  certain  stand- 
ing he  did  not  have  even  in  the  chair.  A  quiet,  impersonal  man, 
cold  to  the  pestiferous  politicians,  he  could  have  been  re-elected  had 
he  had  half  of  Blaine's  "magnetism."  But  the  test  of  weight 
came  when  the  Plumed  Knight — who  dazzled  the  public  and  was  ex- 
pected to  twist  the  quiet  little  man  about  his  finger  —  fell  to  the 
proof.  G^n.  Harrison  was  President ;  Mr.  Blaine,  a  much  sobered 
little  Secretary  of  State. 

We  might  well  have  hoped  for  another  decade  of  this  useful  life, 
whose  influence  was  steadily  and  unmistakably  widening.  The 
average  life  of  our  presidents  has  been  a  little  over  70  years,  even 
counting  Lincoln  assassinated  at  56  and  Garfield  at  49.  Bven  the 
two  extra  years  to  bring  Gen.  Harrison  to  the  average,  might  have 
been  worth  much  to  the  nation.  He  was  better  fitted  than  any  other 
man  to  lead  the  conscience  of  his  party  ;  to  be  the  spokesmen  of  such 
Republicans  as  hold  by  the  eternal  standards.  The  most  significant 
feature  of  a  useful  public  life  was  his  quiet  but  powerful  stand  for 
the  basic  principles  of  the  nation  and  of  the  Republican  party.  And 
probably  there  is  not  another  man  in  America  whose  opposition  to 
the  present  administration  policy  of  conquest,  colonialism  and  impe- 
rialism could  have  been  so  effective.  The  course  of  uncommercial- 
ized  republicanism  will  go  on.     It  will  find  its  leaders.     It  will  win. 


334  LAND    OF   SUNSHINE. 

But  now  it  must  raise  up  the  man  for  the  hour — since  the  man  is  g^one 
who  might  best  have  led.  Reed  might,  but  Reed  is  grown  fat  and 
cynical ;  and  other  men  are  too  old.  Yet  the  right  captain  shall  be 
found.     Meantime,  peace  and  rest  to  the  Man  we  have  lost. 

ONE  BIG  If  Gov.  Gage  were  never  to  do  another  useful  thing  in  his 

STEP  term,  his  signing  of  the  bill  by  which  California  will  pur- 

FORWORD.  chase  and  preserve  the  wonderful  redwood  forest  of  the  Big 
Basin  entitles  him  to  grateful  remembrance.  No  other  measure  of 
his  administration  is  likely  to  be  so  far-reaching  ;  for  generations  to 
come  will  cherish  these  stupendous  groves  a  thousand  years  after  our 
ordinary  politics  shall  have  been  forgotten.  Only  the  curious  book- 
worm will  know  who  did  it.  The  very  names  Republican  and  Demo- 
crat will  probably  be  as  forgotten  as  are  now  the  names  of  the  fac- 
tions of  Babylon.  But  under  those  majestic  aisles  of  such  trees  as 
grow  nowhere  upon  earth  outside  of  California,  men  will  wander  and 
thank  whatever  gods  they  may  have  by  then.  Unhappily  the 
national  government  has  not  done  so  well ;  and  its  attempt  to  buy 
for  a  national  park  the  Calaveras  grove  of  "  Big  Trees" — incom- 
parably rarer  and  grander  even  than  the  redwoods — has  fallen 
through.  Pressure  should  be  kept  up.  The  government  should  se- 
secure  the  Calaveras  Grove.  It  should  be  shamed  into  doing 
it.  Since  the  oldest  of  those  sequoias  sprouted,  there  have  been 
ten  thousand  wars  on  earth,  of  which  not  one  man  in  a  million  today 
can  name  one  per  cent.  Hundreds  of  nations  have  risen  and  fallen 
and  are  forgotten.  And  we  might  stop  long  enough  in  our  ephemeral 
affairs,  and  take  as  much  money  as  costs  to  keep  our  army  one  day, 
and  save  for  our  children  these  peerless  monuments  of  the  old  earth. 
For  we  doubtless  would  rather  leave  the  kind  of  descendants  who 
would  care  more  for  that  grove  than  for  an  equivalent  number  of  pig- 
pens and  fences  already  turned  to  dust. 

BUT  THE  No  one  of  good  red  blood  can  fail  to  like  the  dashing  Fun- 

PROBLEM  ston's  *'  nerve  "  in  seizing  Aguinaldo.     It  was  a  brave  and 

REMAINS,  a  shrewd  stroke.  Yet  they  who  can  best  appreciate  the  size  of 
his  achievement — out-door  men — are  the  very  ones  who  would  a  little 
rather  the  thing  had  been  done  in  the  usual  procedure  of  war,  by  the 
prowess  of  our  army  of  65,000  American  soldiers,  and  not  by  forged 
letters,  a  trick  and  the  use  of  renegade  Filipinos.  The  people  who 
•'  do  not  see  that  that  makes  any  difference  "  are  mostly  of  the  sort 
who  never  felt  a  scar,  in  a  battle  military  or  moral ;  and  largely  of  a 
class  who  have  made,  or  think  to  make,  money  out  of  the  blood  of 
American  soldiers.  It  is  not  too  much  to  say  that  all  the  better  class 
of  Americans  will  admire  Funston's  dash  and  wish  no  false  pretenses 
had  been  necessary. 

At  any  rate,  the  young  president  of  the  Filipino  republic  has  been 
captured — or  perhaps  kidnapped  would  be  the  more  exact  word — and  is 
now  a  prisoner  in  our  hands.  What  shall  be  done  with  him  will  be  a 
question  of  policyT— certainly  not  of  revenge.  Despite  the  cowardly 
suggestions  of  some  newspapers,  he  will  not  be  shot  nor  hanged  ;  nor 
yet  drawn  and  quartered.  The  United  States  has  not  fallen  to  bar- 
barism. He  may  be  deported  to  Guam — for  we  have  flattered  Spain 
by  taking  from  her  note-book  the  leaf  of  political  exile  over  which 
we  were  so  horrified  three  years  ago.  He  will  doubtless  be  used  as 
much  as  may  be  to  pacify  his  people.  But  whatever  is  to  be  done 
with  him,  it  is  just  as  well  not  to  blackguard  him.  He  may  be  a  very 
ordinary  and  stupid  and  unreliable  young  man  ;  but  it  is  just  as  well 
for  us  not  to  dwell  too  much  on  that.  For  over  two  years  with  his 
few  thousand  half-armed  natives  he  has  baffled  the  best  generals  and 
the  hugest  army  the  United  States  ever  sent  abroad.  It  is  lucky 
there  was  no  more  to  him.     An  enlightened  self-respect  leads  one — 


IN    THE    LION'S    DEN.  335 

if  one  has  it — to  respect  a  troublesome  foeman.  It  befits  hoodlums 
rather  than  sober  men  to  taunt  and  revile,  when  he  falls  into  their 
hands,  an  enemy  who  has  worried  them.  The  young  man  has  worried 
us  a  long-  time  ;  and  is  taken  at  last,  not  by  our  arms  but  by  a  trick. 
Let  us  admit,  then,  that  he  must  amount  to  something.  As  to  his 
character,  we  shall  doubtless  know  more,  in  time.  The  official  docu- 
ments of  our  own  government  prove  that  the  charge  of  his  having 
"  sold  out"  to  Spain  are  false ;  the  fact  that  he  has  held  his  people 
is  enough  to  prove  that  they  deem  him  patriotic. 

Meantime  the  problem  of  the  Philippines  is  but  begun.  Bven 
should  the  capture  of  Aguinaldo  hasten  the  end  of  hostilities,  it  can-  , 
not  bring  permanent  peace.  Peace  comes  of  a  contented  people  ;  and  ' 
no  people  are  permanently  contented  under  masters,  no  matter  how 
wise  and  kind.  It  is  still  the  question  :  what  shall  we  do  with  the 
Philippines,  and  what  will  they  do  to  us  ?  We  have  already  seen 
what  they  tend  to  do  to  us — to  our  ideals,  our  morals,  our  consciences. 
Perhaps  the  capture  of  their  president  may  lead  the  Filipinos  to 
abandon  "  armed  resistance  "  to  our  invasion,  and  make  it  easier  to 
do  "with  honor"  what  we  must  in  honor  do — give  them  their  inde- 
pendence. 

How  swiftly  and  how  incredibly  the  events  of  the  last  three      AMERICANS 
years  have  undermined  and  corrupted  what  a  great  many  TO  THE 

people  deemed  their  conscience — that  is,  their  preference  to  RESCUE, 

do  right  as  long  as  they  didn't  dare  do  wrong — is  in  bitter  evidence 
now.  When  we  went  forth  to  '*  liberate  Cuba,"  our  hands  upheld  to 
heaven  to  witness  the  sacredness  of  our  cause,  our  solemn  vows 
registered  that  we  would  make  the  Cubans  Free  and  would  take  no 
advantage  to  ourselves,  we  hated  the  cynical  Old  World  which  put 
its  tongue  in  its  cheek  and  whispered,  **  How  those  Americans  can 
lie  !"  The  American  who  should  have  prophesied  then  that  we  would 
perjure  ourselves  as  a  nation  would  have  been  roughly  handled.  But 
now,  all  over  the  country,  friends  of  the  administration  are  proposing 
that  we  perjure  ourselves.  It  is  only  too  evident  now,  to  any  but  the 
blind,  that  the  secret  intention  of  a  strong  directing  force  in  our 
government  has  all  along  been  to  break  our  pledges.  They  have 
been  feeling  their  way  ;  now,  emboldened  with  the  sound  of  their 
own  outspoken  voices,  they  are  pushing  their  way.  It  is  the  inten- 
tion to  betray  Cuba,  to  coerce  it,  to  tie  its  people  to  the  chariot  wheels 
of  our  exploiters,  and  to  brand  this  nation  with  such  infamy  as  his- 
tory has  no  parallel  for.  I^et  us  hope  that  the  President  does  not  real- 
ize the  meaning  of  what  he  is  being  pushed  into.  But  let  us  hope  he 
will  learn  in  time.  There  is  no  mistaking  the  drift.  And  though 
the  American  people  have  consented  to  many  wrong  things  before 
now  they  will  resent  this.  The  Democratic  party  thought  it  could 
maintain  slavery.  It  did  for  awhile.  But  for  the  last  40  years  it  has 
been  wishing  it  hadn't.  It  has  been  shut  out  of  office  four-fifths  of 
that  time.  The  Republican  party  is  a  big  organization ;  but  if  it 
thinks  it  can  afford  to  swap  ante-bellum  places  with  the  Democrats, 
it  is  terribly  mistaken.  It  began  in  protest  against  a  party  fat  and 
insolent  with  too  long  continuance  in  power.  If  it  adopts  the  gospel 
of  Buchanan,  it  will  be  toppled  over  by  a  new  Ivincoln.  Meantime 
every  good  citizen  must  remember  that  he  is  responsible  in  his  full 
personal  share,  whether  this  country  shall  come  nobly  out  from 
temptation  or  fall  under  it  to  the  last  depths  of  moral  shame. 

Chas.  F.  I^ummis. 


THAT 

WHICH  IS 
WRITTEH 


Doubtless  there  are   people   who 
will    g-ive    their  children    Schutze^s 
Amusing   Geography  —  for  in  this  broad 
'!> "S."  "^  "'"  \^^^  there  are  people  who  will  do  anything-  there 

"^^f^  1*"*'*  is  no  law  ag-ainst.     Unhappily  we  have  no  statute 

AS^OTHERS  to  forbid  the  vulgarizing  of  education;  unhappier  yet,  the 

MAY  offenders  are  frequently  people  who  mean  well,  and  would 

SEE  US.  be  horrified  if  they  could  know  —  entirely  apart  from 
the  natural  wound  to  their  vanity — how  they  had  sinned  against 
taste  and  scholarship.  Mrs.  Schutze's  well  printed  volume  is  an 
almost  unapproached  example  of  this  very  thing.  Its  central  idea  is 
plagiarized  from  Dr.  Garrett  Newkirk's  Rhymes  of  the  States,  pub- 
lished five  or  six  years  ago  in  St.  Nicholas  and  later  in  book-form — a 
fantastic  similitudinising  of  the  topographic  outlines  of  States  and 
countries  to  familiar  objects;  but  the  text  is  sui  generis.  It  is  a 
curiosity  in  literature  ;  and  a  century  from  now  a  unique  copy  will 
doubtless  be  used  by  some  cynical  student  to  show  the  stage  of  intel- 
ligence the  United  States  enjoyed  in  the  year  1900.  And  with  that 
document  in  his  hand,  he  will  rout  the  stoutest  defenders  of  the 
good  old  days.     Here  are  a  few  sample  gems: 

Cuba:  ••  This  is  the  shark 

That  lived  for  years 

On  waters  dark." 
The  Philippines: 

"  This  is  the  May  Day  philopeua 
Heaven  srave  the  bird  -who  saved  the  shark 
That  lived  for  years  on  waters  dark." 

(The  "  bird"  is  the  United  States,  represented  by  a  peacock.)  Alabama 
and  Mississippi  are  "  the  dress-skirt  and  feet,"  Arkansas  is  a  profile 
wrong-side  up;  Maryland  is  *' the  monkey-wrench;"  Maine,  "the 
dress-skirt;"  Delaware,  "the  low-cut  shoe;"  West  Virginia,  "the 
Vulture;"  Great  Britain,  "  A  Parrot  and  Monkey  that  Can  Never 
Agree" — and  so  on  to  the  bitter  end.  As  to  the  accompanying 
".memory  songs,"  one  will  do  as  sample  of  all : 
South  Carolina. 

Tune:  My  Country,  "'tis  of  Thee, 
*'  Cut  one  larare  square  in  four. 

Start  in  the  second  one,  quite  near  the  top 
Step  o'er  the  first  cross-line, 
,  Draw  past  the  south  cross-line. 

And  thro'  the  west  cross-line,  but  do  not  stop 
Until  you're  nearly  where 
You're  even  with  the  square. 

Then  turn  up  north, 
And  make  a  funny  bend 
Riffht  o'er  the  southern  end; 
Let  your  line  eastward  wend, 

Where  you  set  forth." 

There  are  worse,  but  this  is  enough.  It  takes  fortitude  to  confess 
that  this  book  was  written  and  published  in  California.  It  will  prob- 
ably sell  well  in  the  East  to  people  who  would  like  to  prove  California 
a  good  State  to  stay  away  from.  The  Whitaker  &  Ray  Co.,  San 
Francisco.    $1. 


THAT    WHICH    IS    WRITTEN.  337 

Provocative  sometimes  of  such  profanity  as  one  may  allow      CONCERNING 
oneself,  but  always  provocative  of   thought — as  is    rather  CHILDREN, 

the  habit  of  her  writing's — Charlotte  Perkins  [Stetson] 
Gilman's  Concerning  Children  is  as  extraordinary  as  her  other  books, 
and  in  much  the  same  ways.  The  same  astonishing-  clarity  and  keen- 
ness of  insig-ht,  the  same  curious  occasional  lapses  of  logic,  the  same 
cheerful  sarcasm  and  impersonal  humor,  the  same  serene  unthankf ul- 
ness  to  mere  tradition — these  mark  Mrs.  Gilman's  confident  adjudica- 
tion of  a  new  theme  which  comes  a  little  nearer  home  to  the  ordinary 
life  than  her  other  texts  have  come.  It  is  rather  a  pity  that  we  have 
no  law  to  compel  the  reading  of  useful  books  ;  for  every  parent  alive 
would  be  rather  the  better  for  reading  this  stimulant  work.  All 
parents  would  doubtless  disagree  with  it  some  of  the  time,  and  some 
parents  all  of  the  time  ;  but  probably  there  is  not  a  father  or  mother 
so  impermeable  that  it  would  not  set  him  or  her  to  thinking.  There 
is  a  great  deal  of  truth  in  it,  better  said  than  I  remember  ever  to  have 
seen  it  said  before  ;  and  there  are  some  theories  which  strike  me  as 
very  '*  funny."  Or,  perhaps,  I  should  say  one  theory — namely,  that 
Brevet-Mothers  are  as  useful  and  as  happy  as  She-Mothers.  It  is 
convenient,  of  course,  to  stake  a  child  out  to  hirelings,  to  friends,  to 
relatives — but  it  isn't  human,  and,  as  a  matter  of  fact,  it  is  the  most 
foolish  thing  the  only  animal  that  can  be  a  fool  ever  did.  A  good 
governess  can  teach  a  child  better  than  a  bad  mother  can.  True  for 
you.  But  to  some  intelligences  it  might  seem  more  vital  to  improve 
the  mother  than  to  hunt  the  governess.  Mrs.  Gilman's  chief  illogic 
is  in  seeing  what  is  as  if  it  must  be.  She  has  never  seen  a  savage 
mother.  If  she  knew  one  well,  she  would  learn  that  with  all  the 
ignorances  of  barbarism,  the  '*  natural  mother"  does  better  in  fitting 
her  child  for  its  environment  than  any  woman  does  who  farms  out 
her  offspring  to  the  wisest  and  best  teachers  in  the  world.  Which  is 
merely  another  way  of  saying  that  God  (whatever  He  is)  is  still  a 
trifle  smarter  than  His  self-appointed  supplements.  It  is  very  good 
to  be  smart ;  but  there  is  nothing  else  so  smart,  nor  anything  else  so 
good,  as  to  have  children  and  give  them  what  only  a  parent  can  give, 
and  get  from  them  what  only  a  parent  can  get.  Small,  Maynard  & 
Co.,  Boston.     $1.50. 

Easily  the  best  book  of  "  Mere  Travel"  in  a  good  many    A  SHREWD 
years  is  the  portly  but  wakeful  octavo  of  Argonaut  Letters,         caliPornian 
by  Jerome  Hart,  the  legal-minded  and  forth-spoken  editor  ABROAD, 

of  the  San  I^rancisco  Argonaut.  To  the  elect  who  read  the  weight- 
iest and  the  most  entertaining  weekly  west  of  New  York,  and  who 
have  discovered  that  it  has  lost  nothing  in  force  and  something 
gained  in  poise  since  the  death  of  Pixley  (who  was  as  much  pre- 
sumed to  be  the  Argonaut  as  Greeley  was  taken  for  the  old  Tribune), 
it  will  be  needless  to  say  that  anything  Mr.  Hart  writes  is  worth 
reading.  Few  publications  of  any  sort  and  anywhere  print  editorials 
»o  blent  of  directness,  force,  hard  sense  and  an  impersonal  sarcasm  ; 
and  these  qualities  are  in  the  book. 

**Mere  travel"  it  is.  Very  much  as  they  were  written  for  his 
paper,  from  the  piecemeal  leisures  of  European  travel  by  the  conven- 
tional routes,  these  sketches  come  into  book  form,  with  some  three- 
score half-tone  illustrations  thrown  in,  for  the  more  enduring  pleasure 
of  many  readers.  They  record  the  observations,  impressions  and 
whims  of  an  acute,  richly  read,  well  ripened,  and  rather  cynical  man 
of  the  world.  There  is  no  pretense  of  exploration,  study,  or  deep 
insight,  no  yielding  to  heroics  or  sentiment,  no  real  concern  with  the 
specific  gravities  of  humanity.  On  the  other  hand  it  is  so  much 
superior  to  its  category  as  to  be  enjoyable  to  the  very  people  who 
generically  dislike  that  genus  of  travel-books  very  heartily.  Mr.  Hart 
is  in  error  in  stating  that   "Creole  is  from  the  Spanish  criolla,  a 


338  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

child."  It  is  from  the  Spanish  criollOy  which  means  a  person  of  any 
age  bom  in  America  but  of  European  parents,  and  is  naturally 
limited  in  g-eneral  use  to  those  of  French  and  Spanish  descent. 
Payot,  Upham  &  Co.,  San  Francisco.    $2. 

THE  BEST  The  most  ambitious   publication  of   the  house  of  Doxey, 

SINCE  either  upon  the  Coast  or  since  its  removal  to  New  York,  is  a 

VEDDER.  really  sumptuous  edition  of  the  Rubaiyat,  decorated  and 
illustrated  by  our  California  girl,  Florence  lyundborg.  As  Mr. 
Doxey  has  always  been  noted  for  the  good  taste  in  which  his  books 
are  dressed,  this  is  saying  much.  It  is,  indeed,  the  best  edition  since 
and  excepting  Vedder's  classic  work.  The  volume  is  a  comfort  in 
the  very  **feel"  of  it — ponderous,  substantial,  double-paged  (and  not 
to  be  cut),  super-calendered,  and  in  a  sounder  cover  than  many  books 
get  nowadays.  It  is  a  most  attractive  setting  of  this  Persian  classic. 
The  version,  of  course,  is  Fitzgerald's  ;  and  with  it  are  included 
lives  of  Omar  and  his  chief  translator,  notes,  and  poetical  apprecia- 
tions by  Justin  Huntley  McCarthy  and  Porter  Gamett.  Miss  Ivund- 
borg's  share  in  the  beauty  of  the  volume  is  large.  If  too  palpably 
after  Aubrey  Beardsley,  that 

"  Black-«fe-White  (&  scattering)  Tarquin 
Of  luckily  quite  Impossible  Shes," 

her  decorations  are  firm,  refined  and  well  balanced  ;  full  of  good 
promise  for  the  time  when  she  shall  fully  outgrow  these  obsessions 
and  crystallize  a  style  all  her  own.  Wm.  Doxey,  at  the  Sign  of  the 
Lark.  New  York.     $S. 

INDIANA  Instead    of    being    a    novel,   as    one    might   surmise.    The 

AS  A  Hoosiers,    by   Meredith  Nicholson,    is   a  strong  brief  for 

CENTER.  Indiana  as  a  Means  of  Grace.  It  is  a  loyal,  sectional,  op- 
timistic, tut  scholarly  study  of  (mostly)  the  intellectual  side  of  the 
Hoosier  State.  And  it  makes  out  a  good  case,  though  not  all  its 
literary  estimates  are  tolerable  even  in  a  State-Pride  volume.  By 
what  authority,  for  instance,  does  Mr.  Nicholson  say  that  "  as  a 
picture  of  Aztecan  Civilization  The  Fair  God  is  accurate"?  As  a 
matter  of  fact,  notorious  to  all  Americanists,  Gen.  Wallace's  romance 
of  Mexico  is  as  silly  and  untruthful  in  history  and  local  color  as  it 
is  interesting  to  the  reader  who  knows  no  more  of  Mexico  than  Wal- 
lace does.  Mrs.  Wallace's  book,  The  Land  of  the  PuebloSy  doubtless 
would  not  have  been  mentioned  had  Mr.  Nicholson  been  aware  that 
it  is  one  of  the  most  absurd  books  ever  printed  on  a  much-abused 
theme.  But  barring  these  roseate  estimates.  The  Hoosier  is  an  inter- 
esting and  instructive  piece  of  special  pleading.  The  Macmillan  Co., 
66  Fifth  avenue,  New  York.    $1  25. 

A  SOBER  George  Bird  Grinnell,  whose  sober  and  substantial  work  on 

STORY  OP  Indian  and  Western  themes  is  well  and  honorably  known, 

THE  WEST.  now  prints  a  boy's  book  of  the  same  category— ya<:i  Among 
the  Indians y  a  sequel  to  his/a^/fe,  the  Young  Ranchman.  Mr.  Grinnell 
is  not  dramatic,  and  does  not  seem  to  care  to  thrill.  But  this  book 
(very  much  after  the  fashion  of  his  other  books)  is  as  sober  as  if  the 
whole  story  really  happened.  It  is  worth  while  for  a  boy  to  read  the 
sort  of  Western  adventure  that  might  actually  be  ;  and  anyone  may 
safely  trust  Mr.  Grinnell.  He  knows  his  country  and  his  people,  and 
tells  of  them  not  inspirationally  but  very  much  like  a  quiet  record  of 
a  real  experience.  The  book  is  good  reading  and  safe  "color."  It 
is  lamentably  illustrated  by  F.  W.  Deming,  who  can  neither  draw  at 
all  nor  at  all  annotate  the  West.    F.  A.  Stokes  Co.,  New  York.    $1.25. 

INDIANS  A  learned  and  admirable    paper    is   David   P.    Barrows's 

AND  THEIR  Ethno-Botany  of  -the  Coahmlla  Indians  of  Southern    Cali- 

HERBS.  fomia^  printed  by  thelUniversity  of  Chicago.     Dr.  Barrows, 


THAT    WHICH    IS    WRITTEN.  339 

now  in  Manila  as  Superintendent  of  Public  Schools,  is  a  valued 
contributor  to  these  pagfes,  and  one  of  the  few  serious  students  of 
California  ethnology.  His  treatise  shows  deep  research  in  the  field 
and  in  the  documents.  There  is  no  justification,  however,  for  spell- 
ing the  tribe-name  **  Coahuilla."  No  one  would  know  the  real  pro- 
nunciation from  that  spelling.  The  Spanish  11  never  has  the  sound 
of  y,  even  in  the  most  ignorant  slurring.  If  Dr.  Barrows  wishes  to 
put  "Kow-z£/^^-yah,"  as  he  says  is  the  commonest  Indian  pronunci- 
ation, into  Continental  form,  he  should  write  it  Cauhufa.  His  present 
spelling  would  be  pronounced,  by  anyone  familiar  with  Spanish, 
Coh-ah-we^l-ya. 

Mr.  Doxey  has  never  been  accused  of  being  "anyone's      UNDER 
fool,"  and  his  imprint  on  Smiles  and  Tears  from  the  Klon-  FAI^SE 

dyke  does  not  indicate  that  he  has  so  changed  of  late  as  to  COLORS, 

perchance  his  money  on  so  amateur  and  worthless  a  book.  The  turn 
of  the  title  page  indicates  that  it  is  published  at  the  proper  risk  of  the 
author,  Alice  Rollins  Crane.  The  only  thing  in  the  book  worthy  of 
comment  is  Mrs.  Crane's  statement  that  she  went  to  Alaska  as 
"  Special  Commissioner  of  the  Bureau  of  Ethnology."  If  she  did, 
she  should  tell  the  Bureau,  which  is  still  ignorant  of  the  "fact." 
Any  person  on  earth  can  send  material  to  the  Bureau  ;  if  the  material 
is  worth  anything  the  Bureau  will  publish  it.  But  it  will  never  pub- 
lish anything  by  Mrs.  Crane. 

The  Fugitives y  by  Morley  Roberts,  is  a  curioussly  dove-tailed   LOVE 
story  of  love  and  the  Boer  war  ;  colored,  evidently,  with  con-  AND  THE 

siderable  personal  knowledge.     The  best  of  the  story  is  in  BOERS, 

its  dealing  with  the  escape  of  the  hero  from  Pretoria  with  his  lady- 
love's sister's  sweetheart,  whom  he  rescues  from  the  war-prison;  but 
there  is  a  certain  humor  in  the  Bnglish  prologue — and  the  most  vivid 
character  in  the  book  is  **  Clara,"  the  innumerable-kinds-of-a-fool- 
sister,  who  precipitates  the  plot  and  plays  false  to  it  and  to  everyone 
else.  McClure,  Phillips  &  Co.,  New  York;  C.  C.  Parker,  lyos  An- 
geles.   $1. 

In  a  closely-printed  book  of  550  pages  and  many  portraits,    TWO-SCORE 
Mary  Howitt  gives  a  reasonably  full  and  informative  account         QUEENS  OF 
of  The  Queens  of  England,  from  the  Norman  Conquest  to  ENGLAND. 

Victoria — a  long  list  of  forty-one  women  of  many  nationalities  and 
many  natures,  most  of  whom  have  found  enough  unhappiness  in  the 
white  light  that  beats  upon  a  throne.  It  is,  indeed,  curious  to  note 
how  generally  tragedy  has  entered  into  the  lives  of  the  Queens  of 
lingland.  The  book  is  interesting  in  many  ways.  B.  S.  Wasson  & 
Co.,  Chicago.     $1.50. 

In  a  fat,  comfortable  book  of  nearly  500  easy  pages,  broad    ST.  IZAAK, 
type  and  excellent  paper,  the  Macmillans  publish  a  dignified         PATRON  OF 
and    desirable,    yet  notably  cheap,   edition  of    one  of    the  FISHES, 

books  that  never  wears  out — old  Izaak  Walton's  Compleat  Angler 
and  his  Lives  {oi  Donne,  Wotton,  Hooker,  Herbert  and  Sanderson). 
To  this  day  nothing  takes  the  place  of  this  learned  and  gentle  phi- 
losopher's rambling  discourse  of  two  hundred  and  fifty  years  ago. 
The  Macmillan  Co.,  66  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York.    $1.50. 

**  O,  sick  sorrows  of  a  powerless  soul !  O,  life  sapped  in  stagnant 
miasms  !"  cries  Florence  Brooks  IJmerson  in  a  pretty  little  book 
named  Vagaries;  and  after  reading  the  book  one  inclines  to  agree 
with  this  vagarious  diagnosis.  What  ideas  the  book  has  are  as  crude 
as  its  attempts  at  Spanish — "  Donna  la  Patta,"  etc.  Small,  Maynard 
&  Co.,  Boston.    $1. 


340  LAND    OF   SUNSHINE. 

An  attractive  and  interesting-  book  on  Newfoundland^  by  Rev.  M. 
Harvey,  is  printed  and  issued  "  with  the  compliments  of  the  govern- 
ment" of  that  long  oppressed  but  now  progressive  island.  Not  quite 
so  large  as  Ohio  in  area,  Newfoundland  has  about  210,000  people.  Its 
transinsular  railroad,  548  miles  long,  was  completed  in  1898  ;  and  now 
St.  Johns,  the  chief  city,  has  an  electric  street  railway.  The  cod, 
lobster  and  seal  fisheries  amount  to  $7,000,000  annually,  and  the  agri- 
cultural products  to  three-quarters  of  a  million.  The  railroad  will 
greatly  promote  farming  in  the  hitherto  rather  inaccessible  interior. 
Copper,  iron  and  coal  are  abundant.  Maps  and  many  half-tones  add 
to  the  value  of  the  book.     South  Publishing  Company,  New  York. 

Moral  Culture  as  a  Science  is  the  rather  misleading  title  of  a 
worthy  and  earnest  book  by  Theoda  Wilkins,  M.D.,  and  Bertha  S. 
Wilkins,  the  latter  a  contributor  to  these  pages.  Moral  culture  is  a 
long  way  from  being  a  science,  and  has  no  serious  hope  to  lessen  the 
distance  appreciably  and  soon.  What  the  title  really  means  to  say  is 
*' Moral  Culture  as  a  Study."  With  this  reservation  the  little  book  is 
helpful  and  suggestive  in  its  dealings  with  the  need  of  teaching 
morals  to  children.     The  Whitaker  &  Ray  Co.,  San  Francisco.    $1. 

Mark  H.  I^iddell,  of  the  University  of  Texas,  an  associate  editor  of 
the  **  Globe  Chaucer,"  issues  a  learned  and  workmanlike  school  edition 
of  Chaucer's  Prologue,  Knightes  Tale.,  and  Nonnes  Prestes  Tale,  edited 
in  critical  text ;  with  an  elementary  grammar  of  middle  E^nglish, 
and  notes  and  glossary.  The  Macmillan  Co.,  66  Fifth  avenue.  New 
York.     60  cents. 

Bulletin  No.  19  of  the  California  State  Mining  Bureau  is  a  very 
valuable  and  rather  exhaustive  review  of  the  Oil  and  Gas  Yielding 
Formations  of  California,  by  the  expert  W.  L^.  Watts.  It  gives  maps, 
half-tones  and  data  of  the  industry  which  of  a  sudden  has  developed 
to  such  great  proportions  in  this  State. 

Mark  Twain's  superb  article  "  To  the  Person  Sitting  in  Dark- 
ness "  has  been  reprinted  from  the  North  American  Review  in  a  neat 
pamphlet.  It  is  a  document  every  American  should  read,  and  any- 
one may  have  it  free  by  sending  a  stamp  to  Edward  W.  Ordway,  ISO 
Nassau  street,  Room  1520,  New  York. 

Among  the  serious  "  Studies  in  Iviterature"  of  the  Columbia  Uni- 
versity Press,  the  latest  issue  is  Henry  Osborn  Taylor's  The  Classical 
Heritage  of  the  Middle  Ages  ;  a  learned  volume  of  400  pages.  The 
Macmillan  Co.,  66  Fifth  avenue,  New  York.    $1.75. 

Victoria,  Maid — Matron — Monarch,  by  Grapho  (J.  A.  Adams),  is 
what  its  title  implies.     Advance  Pub.  Co.,  Chicago.    50  cents. 

R.  H.  Russell,  New  York,  publishes  an  attractive  pictorial  souvenir 
of  Maude  Adamii  in  Rostand's  drama  of  VAiglon.     25  cents. 

Dr.  Albert  Abrams's  Nervous  Breakdown  is  a  sensible  little  book. 
The  Hicks- Judd  Co.,  San  Francisco. 

ChAS.   F.   LfDMMIS. 


341 

A  View  of  Transportation, 


BY  PAUL   MORTON. 


#J5j|%HiJ  nineteenth  century  has  passed  away.  It  was  glorious,  be- 
\Sr| «     cause  during-  its  period  civilization  made  more  progress  than 

JL  during  any  other  five  centuries  that  preceded  it.  It  was  fa- 
mous for  its  great  men,  some  of  the  most  illustrious  of  whom 
were  identified  with,  and  responsible  for,  the  great  improvements  in 
modern  transportation.  I  refer  to  Fulton,  the  inventor  of  the  steam- 
boat ;  Morse,  who  perfected  the  telegraph  ;  Stephenson,  the  inventor 
of  the  locomotive  ;  Bessemer,  the  father  of  the  steel  rail ;  Bell,  the 
pioneer  in  the  telephone  ;  IJdison,  with  his  harness  for  electricity ; 
Pullman,  who  made  traveling  a  luxury  ;  and  Westinghouse,  who 
made  it  safe. 

All  great  generals  have  succeeded  partially  because  they  recognized 
the  importance  of  easy  transportation  for  troops  and  munitions  of 
war.  Hannibal,  Ceesar,  Napoleon  and  Washington  were  builders  of 
good  roads,  and  today  the  best  roads  in  Europe  are  those  that  Caesar 
and  Napoleon  constructed.  In  those  days  the  struggle  for  supremacy 
was  conquest  by  the  sword. 

The  twentieth  century  has  been  ushered  into  existence,  and  in  its 
very  dawn  we  find  a  struggle,  not  for  the  acquisition  of  new  terri- 
tory, not  for  the  subjection  of  foreign  countries,  not  a  crusade  to  in- 
troduce a  new  and  better  religion,  but  a  struggle  between  the  great 
nations  of  the  earth  for  a  supremacy  in  industrial  pursuits  and  to 
supply  the  markets  of  the  world.  The  contest  is  at  present  between 
England,  Germany  and  the  United  States.  The  struggle  is  intense, 
and  we  Americans  believe  it  can  end  in  but  one  result.  For  years  we 
have  furnished  a  large  share  of  the  surplus  food  of  the  world.  We 
have,  just  at  the  end  of  the  nineteenth  century  reached  the  conclu- 
sion that  we  should  be  the  workshop  of  the  world.  We  have  an 
abiding  faith  that  we  possess  the  raw  material,  can  pay  better 
wages,  make  better  goods  and  sell  them  for  less  money  than  any 
other  nation  on  earth. 

We  believe  we  are  more  ingenious,  can  perfect  more  useful  inven- 
tions, have  more  efficient  labor,  and  are  capable  of  more  energy 
than  either  of  the  great  empires  with  which  we  are  contending.  I 
believe  that  the  great  industrial  combinations,  the  so-called  trusts,  are 
to  be  the  most  potent  agencies  in  assisting  this  country  to  secure  the 
largest  share  of  the  world's  markets  ;  and  I  am  of  the  opinion  that 
on  account  of  these  mammoth  industrial  amalgamations,  victory  for 
the  United  States  will  be  much  quicker  and  much  more  certain  than 
if  we  had  to  depend  upon  private  individuals  and  partnerships  to  do 
the  work. 

Mr.  Chas.  R.  Flint,  of  New  York,  in  an  address  delivered  last  De- 
cember in  Chicago,  said  (respecting  these  large  concentrations  of  in- 
dustry), that  a  combination  of  muscle  is  a  labor  organization,  a  com- 
bination of  money  is  a  bank,  a  combination  of  intelligence  a  univer- 
sity, and  that  the  so-called  trusts  or  industrial  combinations  are  noth- 
ing but  a  combination  of  the  three,  muscle,  money  and  intelligence. 
None  of  them  can  be  successful  without  benefiting  the  component 
parts. 

The  nineteenth  century  has  frequently  been  referred  to  as  the  Age 
of  Transportation.     Distribution    is    the    handmaid  of    production. 


Mr.  Morton  (son  of  J.  Sterling-  Morton,  of  Cleveland's  cabinet)  is  Second  Vice- 
President  of  the  Santa  F6  system,  and  in  charge  of  its  trafl&c,  and  is  one  of  the 
stronsrest  and  soundest  of  the  younjrer  railroad  men  in  the  United  States.  This 
paper  is  from  his  address  at  the  annnal  banqvet  of  the  I^os  Ang-eles  Chambar  of 
Commerce,  Feb.  Z2, 1901.— Ed. 


342  LAND    OF    SUNSHiNE. 

Bacon  said,  *'  There  are  three  things  that  make  a  country  great : 
fertile  fields,  busy  workshops,  easy  conveyance  for  men  and  goods 
from  place  to  place." 

There  is  no  occasion  for  the  United  States  to  apologize  for  its  trans- 
portation facilities.  With  a  population  of  one-twentieth  of  the  peo- 
ple of  the  world  it  enjoys  nearly,  if  not  fully,  one-half  of  the  entire 
railroad  mileage.  The  evolution  that  has  taken  place  in  the  trans- 
portation of  this  country  during  the  nineteenth  century  was  remark- 
able and  unparalleled  in  the  history  of  men.  Commencing  the  cen- 
tury with  the  ox  team,  the  stage  coach  and  the  canal  boat  and  closing 
with  the  Pullman  vestibuled  train  de  luxe,  the  fast  freight,  the  electric 
car,  the  automobile,  and  the  ocean  liner  that  crosses  the  Atlantic  in  five 
days,  covers  much  that  has  enabled  this  marvelous  country  of  ours  to 
take  a  foremost  place  among  the  nations  of  the  globe. 

In  the  year  1800  it  cost  $100  to  move  a  ton  of  wheat  from  Buffalo 
to  New  York.  The  regular  rate  is  now  $1.50  per  ton,  and  it  has  been 
carried  for  one  dollar.  Think  of  it — you  can  now  travel  with  luxury 
farther  in  one  hour  than  you  could  with  great  discomfort  have  trav- 
eled one  hundred  years  ago  in  an  entire  day.  Then  you  paid  twenty- 
five  cents  per  mile  for  traveling  by  stage  coach,  without  baggage ; 
now  we  are  bringing  home-seekers  from  the  Kast  into  California  for 
approximately  one  and  one-quarter  cents  per  mile,  or  about  one  twen- 
tieth of  the  old  rate. 

It  was  during  these  good  old  days  that  they  used  to  sell  three 
classes  of  tickets  all  at  the  same  rate,  the  only  difference  in  condi- 
tions of  tickets  being  announced  by  the  stage  driver  on  arriving 
at  a  hill,  who  would  then  say,  "First-class  passengers  keep  your 
seats,  second-class  passengers  get  out  and  walk,  third-class  passen- 
gers get  out  a-nd push." 

Our  railways  were  not  a  very  long  time  since  owned  largely  outside 
the  United  States,  but  during  the  world's  panic  that  occurred  in  1893, 
our  British,  German  and  Putch  friends  discovered  the  necessity  of 
selling  something,  and  the  only  things  in  their  tin  boxes  that  they 
could  sell  without  too  much  sacrifice  were  their  American  securities. 
They  dumped  them  upon  the  American  market ;  and  notwithstanding 
the  financial  strain  and  the  depression  that  we  were  suffering  from, 
our  American  financiers  mustered  pluck,  courage  and  money  enough 
to  buy  them.  They  were  bought  at  bargain  prices.  The  advance  in 
them  has  been  stupendous,  but  it  is  worth  a  great  deal  to  feel  that  we 
are  not  only  blessed  with  the  most  improved  and  the  cheapest  trans- 
portation in  the  world,  but  that  our  railroads  cire  owned  by  our  own 
people. 

The  value  of  the  railroads  of  the  United  States  amounts  to  over 
one-fifth  of  the  total  wealth  of  the  country.  You  cannot  unjustly 
legislate  against  the  largest  of  American  industries  without  causing 
general  depression. 

If  we  succeed  in  capturing  the  markets  of  the  world  for  American 
manufacturers,  it  will  not  be  long  before  enormous  strides  will  be 
made  in  our  ownership  of  transportation  by  sea.  It  is  no  credit  to 
us,  producing  so  much  of  the  world's  freight  as  we  do,  to  have 
allowed  ourselves  to  have  been  so  woefully  distanced  in  the  world's 
shipping. 

The  demonstration  we  made  with  our  navy  in  our  recent  war  with 
Spain,  and  the  story  of  the  "Oregon,"  of  which  California  is  so 
proud,  indicates  that  we  are  on  the  threshold  of  a  great  change  in 
this  respect.     No  foreigner  doubts  our  ship-building  ability. 

What  does  the  twentieth  century  hold  out  to  us  ?  With  an  invinci- 
ble position  as  a  producer  of  more  food-stuff  than  we  can  consume, 
with  enormous  improvements  in  our  workshops,  with  undoubted  prog- 


A    VIEW    OF    TRANSPORTATION.  343 

ress  in  our  shipping-  and  with  the  greatest  determination  to  succeed, 
the  twentieth  century  promises  much. 

It  promises  that  we  may  witness  the  transfer  of  the  world's  count- 
ing-house from  I/ondon  to  New  York.  It  promises  that  early  in  its 
period  the  gigantic  financial  schemes  of  the  globe  will  be  transacted 
in  America.  It  promises,  provided  we  keep  our  heads,  that  the 
United  States  shall  be  the  wealthiest,  the  happiest  and  the  most  en- 
lightened nation  in  existence. 

Today  railroad  rates  in  this  country  are  lower,  both  passenger  and 
freight,  than  anywhere  else  in  the  world,  and  the  service  rendered  is 
superior. 

Some  time  ago,  in  an  article  I  wrote,  I  predicted  that  one  of  three 
things  would  come  to  pass  in  the  railroad  business  : 

First — That  pooling  between  railroads  would  be  permitted  by  an 
Act  of  Congress  ;   or 

Second — That  the  unification  of  ownership  would  come  ;  or 

Third— That  the  Government  would  take  over  the  railroads  of  the 
country  and  operate  them. 

The  public,  which  has  set  its  face  squarely  against  and  has  so  far 
obstructed,  and  will  probably  continue  to  prevent,  the  first  proposi- 
tion, will  be  chiefly  responsible  for  the  concentration  of  ownership 
which  is  making  such  marked  headway  ;  and  when  it  becomes  ap- 
parent that  the  railroads  of  the  country  are  controlled  by  a  few  syndi- 
cates the  clamor  for  the  third  proposition  will  undoubtedly  be  the 
most  vigorous  from  those  who  have  been  the  loudest  in  lifting  their 
voices  against  pooling. 

Of  the  three  propositions  I  much  prefer  the  unification  of  owner- 
ship. To  a  certain  extent,  a  railroad  is  a  natural  monopoly  and 
should  be  treated  as  one.  Unrestricted  competition  is  destructive. 
It  is  anything  but  the  life  of  trade,  and  the  natural  result  of  wide 
open,  unrestrained  competition  is  the  removal  of  it  by  the  survival  of 
the  fittest  or  by  amalgamation. 

I  believe  in  the  equality  of  rates.  I  believe  they  should  be  reason- 
able, and  when  I  say  reasonable  I  mean  just  to  both  the  shipper  and 
the  carrier.  The  transportation  charges  of  the  country  can  be  very 
properly  likened  to  a  tax.  Nobody  escapes  them.  They  cannot  be 
dodged  in  a  civilized  community.  There  should  be  no  preferential 
rates.  The  very  foundation  of  our  national  property  is  threatened 
by  unjust  discriminations  in  favor  of  the  rich  man  or  large  shipper 
and  against  the  poor  man  or  small  shipper.  I  believe  in  the  stability 
of  freight  rates.  They  should  be  as  unfluctuating  as  the  price  of 
postage  stamps. 

How  would  the  merchants  of  Ivos  Angeles  regard  it  if  the  mer- 
chants of  San  Francisco  could  buy  their  postage  stamps  for  less 
money  than  is  paid  here  ?  How  would  a  system  of  lower  Custom- 
house duties  for  San  Diego  than  for  lyos  Angeles  be  regarded  ? 
Under  similar  circumstances  and  like  conditions,  all  transportation 
rates  should  be  on  an  equality  as  between  shippers. 

I  favor  the  unification  of  ownership  because  I  believe  that,  operated 
under  central  systems,  the  service  will  be  much  improved,  the  rates 
more  unfluctuating,  but  lower,  and  that  wages  will  be  better  main- 
tained than  in  any  other  way.  I  believe  that  there  will  be  fewer 
preferential  rates,  more  equality,  and  that  on  the  whole  the  country 
will  prosper  by  such  a  condition.  There  has  been  more  money  wasted 
in  the  railroad  business  than  in  any  other  American  industry. 

I  believe  that  labor  will  be  better  paid,  because  it  is  the  history  of 
railroads  that  the  large  roads  pay  better  wages  than  the  small  ones. 
L^abor  expects  better  treatment  from  large  industrial  iustitutions  than 
from  small  ones — and  usually  gets  it.     Public  opinion  and  legislation 


344  LAND    OF   SUNSHINE. 

demand  more  of  a  large  corporation  in  all  directions  than  is  expected 
of  small  ones. 

Take  the  Atchison  system  as  an  example.  It  is  composed  of  over 
100  different  small  companies.  The  unification  of  ownership  has 
been  steadily  going  on  for  twenty-five  years.  Within  the  past  year 
we  have  acquired  three  or  four  new  railroads  from  75  to  400  miles 
long.  In  every  case,  the  employes  of  these  roads  benefitted  by  ad- 
vanced wages  in  coming  in  under  the  Atchison  schedules  of  wages, 
and  in  some  cases  it  amounted  to  an  increase  of  25%  in  pay. 

I  am  opposed  to  government  control  and  operation  of  our  railroads. 
It  can  be  done  better  with  less  cost  by  private  enterprise.  I  am  un- 
alterably opposed  to  mixing  the  transportation  business  with  politics. 
I  am  opposed  to  creating  a  huge  political  machine  out  of  our  rail- 
roads. I  believe  it  would  put  us  on  the  highroad  to  revolution.  I 
question  the  economical  operation  of  anything  by  the  government. 
I  believe  that  the  average  American  citizen  takes  a  somewhat  dis- 
interested view  of  governmental  extravagance,  unless  he  or  his  com- 
munity is  to  profit  by  the  expenditure,  in  which  case  he  takes  off  his 
hat  and  hurrahs  for  the  appropriation. 

In  Germany  the  State  owns  and  operates  the  railroads,  and  the 
rates  are  much  higher  and  the  service  much  inferior  to  ours.  Be- 
sides, they  have  found  it  necessary,  in  order  to  apportion  the  traffic 
properly,  to  pool  the  earnings. 

I  believe  that  were  private  parties  to  operate  and  manage  our  post- 
office  department  the  service  might  not  be  any  better  —  it  would 
be  as  good — but  there  would  not  be  a  yearly  deficit  of  millions  of 
dollars  in  that  department.  I  believe  it  could,  by  private  enterprise, 
be  put  on  a  self-sustaining  basis,  instead  of  showing  a  deficit.  The 
postoffice  department  only  pays  the  railroads  for  carrying  the  mails 
28  per  cent,  of  the  receipts,  while  the  express  companies  pay  50  per 
cent.  In  the  first  case  there  is  a  deficit  of  over  eight  millions  per  an- 
num, and  in  the  second  there  are  regular  dividends  to  the  stockholders. 

I  much  prefer  unification  of  ownership  to  government  control ;  but 
if  the  latter  is  ultimately  found  necessary  or  desirable,  the  concen- 
tration of  ownership  will  simplify  the  transfer  to  Uncle  Sam. 

During  the  nineteenth  century  we  have  expanded.  Are  you  aware 
that  our  commerce  with  China  began  just  127  years  ago  today — that 
the  first  sailing  vessel  to  the  Orient  in  the  Chinese  trade  left  New 
York  on  Washington's  birthday,  1774  ? 

There  are  millions  of  acres  of  arid  land,  much  of  which  is 
tributary  to  your  city,  that  can  be  reclaimed,  provided  the  govern- 
ernment  gives  it  proper  attention  and  will  pass  the  necessary  laws 
and  make  the  necessary  expenditures  for  reservoirs,  etc.,  to  store  the 
water.  It  is  in  no  sense  paternalistic.  The  government  owns  the 
land  and  will  get  all  the  benefits  of  any  improvements  ;  and  without 
them  it  is  good  for  nothing  and  cannot  be  sold. 

Over  90  per  cent,  of  the  population  of  this  country  is  east  of  the  98th 
meridian.  We  are  all  interested  in  changing  this.  The  cities  of  the 
Pacific  Coast  cati  never  hope  to  rival  the  great  cities  of  the  Atlantic 
until  they  are  fortified  with  a  population  tributary  to  them.  We 
should  bear  this  in  mind  and  work  for  proper  legislation. 

I  congratulate  you  and  California  on  the  remarkable  development 
of  your  oil  fields.  It  bids  fair  to  be  your  greatest  industry.  It  will 
supply  you  with  cheap  fuel  and  enable  as  a  manufacturing  State. 

Condense  your  products  where  you  can.  It  means  less  tonnage  for 
the  carrier,  but  it  means  not  only  a  producer's  profit,  but  a  manufac- 
turer's profit,  with  occupation  for  thousands  in  California. 

If  the  community  that  a  transportation  company  serves  is  pros- 
perous, the  railroads  will  also  prosper.  No  carrier  ever  lost  money 
by  having  too  opulent  a  constituency. 


'  Pasadena, 

THE  CITY  OF  HOMES. 


BY    C.     D,    DAGGETT. 

(^ff%^^  true  standard  of  a  city 
^^1  as  a  place  of  residence  is 
the  intellig-ence,  culture 
and  morality  of  its  people.  These 
qualities  find  visible  expression 
in  its  churches,  schools,  libraries 
and  the  appearance  of  its  homes. 
Well  kept  streets,  homes  sur- 
rounded by  lawns  and  flowers, 
residences  whose  architecture  in- 
dicates study,  refinement  and 
individuality,  mean  people  who 
appreciate  and  are  willing"  to  pay 
for  these  thing-s.  It  is  the  oft- 
expressed  opinion  of  hundreds 
who  have  traveled  the  world  over 
that  no  place  is  more  preeminent 
in  these  particulars  than  Pasa- 
dena, California.  ' 

A  brief  inquiry  into  its  history 
may  reveal  why  these  conditions  exist  here.  The 
city  had  its  beg^inning  in  the  lestablishment  of  a 
colony  of  fruit-g^rowers,  chiefly  from  Indiana,  who 
acquired  a  larg-e  area  of  land  formerly  used  for  the 
g-razing-  of  sheep,  and  proceeded  to  develop  water 
from  the  natural  sources  in  the  near-by  mountains, 
and  to  plant  orang-e  and  lemon  groves  as  well  as 
other  fruits.  It  soon  became  apparent  to  the  people 
of  Southern  California,  and  more  particularly  to 
Eastern  p2ople  sojourning-  in  Southern  California, 
that  all  things  considered  Pasadena  offered  more 
natural  attractions  of  climate,  scenery,  health  and 
beauty  than  any  other  spot.  Its  elevation  above 
the  sea  secured  it  from  fogs  ;  the  high  mountain 
ranges  to  the  north  kept  off  the  cold  winds  of 
winter ;  its  gentle  slops  to  the  south  and  the  char- 
acter of  the  soil  insured  the  most  satisfactory 
results  in  growing  fruits,  flowers  and  ornamental 
trees.  Its  proximity  to  Los  Angeles,  the  metropolis 
of  Southern  California,  kept  its  people  in  close 
touch  with  the  world  and  its 
affairs  and  pleasures.  The 
short  distance  to  the  grandest 
mountain  scenery  and  to  the 


PASADENA. 


347 


Pacific  ocean  afforded  every  opportunity  for  frequent,  rapid  and  in- 
expensive chang^e  of  scene  and  climate.  Its  climate  is  so  equable 
that  it  is  still  a  contention  whether  it  is  more  lovely  in  January  or 
August.  These  things  so  impressed  people  that  the  change  from  a 
sparsely  settled  colony  of  fruit-growers  to  a  thriving  city  was  made 
in  a  wonderfully  short  time. 

To  be  more  concise,  Pasadena  is  a  city  of  10,000  people,  distinc- 
tively American  in  character.  It  is  situated  on  the  high  mesa  at  the 
base  of  the  Sierra  Madre  mountains,  at  an  elevation  of  about  850  feet 
above  the  sea  and  at  the  westerly  end  of  the  San  Gabriel  valley. 

Stretching  away  to  the  east  and  south  into  this  valley  and  along 
the  foothills  are  fruit  ranches,  with  comfortable  homes  and  prosperous 


Photo,  by  Crandall,  Pasadena. 

"gardens  of  fi^owkrs." 

people.  Through  this  large  district  beautiful  drives  lead  in  every 
direction  through  groves  of  orang-e,  lemon,  lime,  gtiava,  pomelo  and 
loquat,  and  orchards  of  peach,  apricot,  plum,  fig,  prune,  nectarine  and 
other  deciduous  fruits.  I/ong-  avenues  of  tall  trees,  frequent  reser- 
voirs with  spouting"  water,  gardens  of  flowers  and  well  kept  lawns 
combine  to  make  the  district  an  inexhaustible  source  of  pleasure, 
while  the  chang-ing-  seasons  of  the  year  bring-  variety  of  foliage, 
flower  and  fruit. 

Pasadena  is  nine  miles  north  of  Ivos  Ang^eles,  the  entire  distance 
being-  practically  built  up  with  homes,  and  is  connected  therewith  by 
three  lines  of  steam  railroad  and  a  well  equipped  double  track 
electric   road.     These   roads    operate    more    than   100    trains    a   day 


ON   THK   MT.    LOWK    KAII^KOAD.    Photo,  by  Crandall,  Pasadena. 


PASADENA. 


349 


each  way.  The  cost  of  transportation  is  25  cents  the  round  trip,  ten 
single  trips  for  $1.00,  and  still  lower  monthly  commutation  rates.  It 
is  about  twenty-five  miles  to  the  sea,  and  costs  from  50  cents  to  70 
cents  a  round  trip,  and  requires  about  one  hour  and  a  half  to  make 
the  distance. 

The  main  business  streets  of  the  city  are  paved  with  asphaltum, 
and  many  miles  of  streets  stretch  in  every  direction,  having  cement 
sidewalks  and  curbing,  stone  gutters,  and  well  rounded,  graveled  sur- 
face-. The  city  is  well  sewered  by  a  system  that  includes  a  sewer 
farm  of  300  acres  some  miles  distant  from  the  city,  and  is  being  rap- 
idly enlarged  as  the  growth  of  the  city  demands. 


Photo,  by  Craudall,  Pasadena. 
"and  wei^Iv  kept  I^AWNS." 


Pure  water  is  brought  from  the  mountains  in  steel  pipes  and  dis- 
tributed from  covered  cement  reservoirs,  and  is  ample  for  all  demands 
and  reasonable  in  cost. 

Pasadena  has  church  societies  of  nearly  every  denomination  and 
church  edifices  of  the  finest  architecture,  with  large  congregations, 
and  pulpit  orators  of  the  highest  order.  There  are  probably  few 
cities  where  the  proportion  of  population  who  regularly  attend 
church  is  as  large  as  it  is  here. 

Pasadena  is  very  fortunate  in  its  educational  facilities.  The  public 
school  system  is  up  to  date  in  every   particular.     The  school  build- 


PASADENA.  351 

ing-s  are  commodious,  well  arrang-ed  and  conveniently  located,  and 
are  made  attractive  by  large,  well  kept  g^rounds.  Over  sixty  teach- 
ers are  employed,  in  grades  from  the  primary  through  the  hig-h 
school,  and  there  are  nearly  2,500  pupils.  Pasadena's  public  schools 
received  a  diploma  from  the  World's  Fair,  held  at  Chicago,  awarded 
"  first,  for  comprehensive  display  of  school  work,  and  second,  for  good 
training-  and  methods."  Here,  again,  the  high  class  of  the  people 
shows  itself  to  a  marked  degree  in  the  character  of  the  pupils,  thus 
relieving  the  public  schools  from  the  danger  of  evil  associations  so 
common  in  most  cities.  Free  kindergartens  are  maintained  by  an 
association  organized  for  that  purpose. 

Throop  Polytechnic  Institute  holds  a  high  place  among  the  educa- 
tional institutions  of  California.  It  offers  full  grammar  school,  high 
school,  college  and  commercial  courses,  its  engineering  and  science 
departments  being  especiallj' strong.  Full  courses  in  manual  train- 
ing are  maintained  ;  shop-work  in  wood  and  metal  for  boys,  and 
cooking,  dressmaking,  etc.,  for  girls,  being  provided  for  in  rooms  ex- 
pensively equipped  with  machinery  and  appliances  ;  while  high-grade 
art-work  is  done  in  drawing,  painting,  wood-carving  and  clav-niodel- 
ing,  and  there  are  departments  for  training  teachers  of  sloyd  and  for 
grammar  school  students.  It  has  a  faculty  of  thirty  teachers  and 
an  enrollment  of  nearly  400  pupils.  It  has  two  brick  buildings  which, 
with  their  contents,  are  worth  $100,000.  In  such  a  school  the  mind  of 
the  pupil  is  directed  into  many  avenues  of  thought  and  investigation 
which  may  result  in  the  selection  of  a  successful  occupation  for  life. 
The  more  manual  training  in  connection  with  the  ordinary  school 
curriculum  is  tested,  the  more  satisfactory  it  is  proven  to  be.  Pupils 
are  received  from  both  the  Pasadena  High  School  and  Throop  Poly- 
technic Institute  into  the  University  of  California  and  Stanford  Uni- 
versity without  examination,  and  from  Throop  Polj^technic  Institute 
pupils  are  also  accredited  by  most  of  the  E^astern  colleges. 

There  are  a  number  of  high-class  private  schools  for  pupils  of  each 
sex. 

There  is  a  large,  rough-stone,  public  library  building  containing 
15,000  volumes,  that  would  attract  attention  in  any  city.  During  the 
last  year  145,000  volumes  were  taken  out  by  patrons. 

The  Pasadena  Board  of  Trade  is  an  organization  of  about  200 
members,  with  rooms  on  West  Colorado  street,  devoted  to  forwarding 
the  interests  of  the  city.  The  Secretary  of  the  Board  will  always  fur- 
nish information  in  regard  to  Pasadena. 

There  are  many  social  and  literary  clubs.  The  Pasadena  Country 
Club  has  a  beautiful  clubhouse  on  a  commanding  location,  with  ex- 
tended views  of  valley  and  mountain,  and  extensive  golf  links,  tennis 
courts,  shooting-ranges,  etc. 

The  Valley  Hunt  Club  is  an  old  and  famous  social  organization, 
with  a  beautiful  home  overlooking  the  Arroyo  Seco. 

The  Twilight  Club  is  an  organization  of  men  that  meets  once  a 


352 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


Photo,  by  Crandall,  Pasadena. 
MIDWINTER    SPOKTS   AT   THB:    PASADENA    COUNTRY   CI^UB. 


PhoU).  by  Crandall,  Pasadena. 
MAREN(.0   AVENUE,    PASADENA. 


PASADENA. 


353 


month,  and  discusses  matters  literary  and  philosophical  around  the 
banquet  board. 

The  Shakespeare  Club  is  a  club  of  women  with  a  larg-e  membership, 
and  devoted  to  the  advancement  of  women  intellectually. 

The  Pickwick  Club  is  a  club  of  business  men  along-  the  lines  g-ener- 
ally  adopted  by  such  organizations. 

There  are  fraternal  organizations  of  all  sorts,  including  the  various 
orders  of  Masons,  Knights  of  Pythias,  Odd  Fellows,  etc. 

Much  the  same  business  and  professional  life  is  here  that  is  in 
other  similar  cities.  All  branches  of  commercial  business  are  repre- 
sented by  firms  of  well  established  standing,  who  are  able  to  com- 


Plioto.  by  Crandall,  Pasadena. 
PASADENA    HIGH    SCHOOI.. 


pete  successfully  with  the  merchants  of  I^os  Angeles.  There  are 
four  banking  institutions  that  have  ample  capital  and  do  a  large  and 
successful  business. 

Gas  and  electricity  are  furnished  at  reasonable  rates,  and  there  is  a 
telephone  service  with  about  700  subscribers.  The  streets  are  well 
watered  during  the  dry  season.  There  are  two  daily  papers,  each 
publishing  a  weekly  edition.  The  cost  of  living  is  about  the  same  as 
in  the  Kast;  some  things  are  much  cheaper,  others  higher.  It  may  be 
stated  that  the  absolute  necessaries  of  life  for  a  family  may  be  had 
for  as  little  money  as  in  any  place  in  the  country. 

The  outlook  for  the  near  future  of  Pasadena  seems  to  be  very  flat- 


354 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


FIRST   METHODIST   EPISCOPAI.   CHURCH. 


tering-.  A  new  city  charter  has  recently  been  adopted  along  the  lines 
of  modern  American  municipal  g-overnment.  The  disposition  of  the 
people  is  in  favor  of  a  liberal  policy  relative  to  public  improvements, 
and  the  general  prosperity  prevailing-  on  this  coast  all  combine  to 
insure  an  era  of  progress.  No  saloons  are  allowed 

in  the  city.  The  same  things  that  make  Pasadena 

attractive  as  a  Jk  place   of  residence    induce   thou- 

sands of  East-  Mmt  ^^^     people   to 

pass  the  winter  JhH^  months      here. 

For    their    ac- 


Plioto.  by  Crandall,  Pasadena. 
ONE   OF    PASADENA'S   GRADED   SCHOOLS. 


PASADENA. 


355 


commodation  there  are  hotel  facilities  of  the  best  kind.  The  Hotel 
Green  ranks  as  one  of  the  finest  hotels  in  the  United  States.  Beauti- 
ful in  architecture,  strictly  modern  in  all  its  appointments,  and 
eleg-ant  to  a  degree  that  is  rarely  surpassed,  it  meets  the  demands 
of  those  who  are  able  to  enjoy  the  highest  luxury  of  living-. 

The  Hotel  Pintoresca  is  a  large  hotel  occupying  a  commanding  site, 
and  has  many  patrons  who  annually  make  it  their  winter  home. 
There  are  a  number  of  first-class  small  hotels  and  boarding-houses 
that  have  an  established  reputation  and  please  their  patrons.  There 
are  also  furnished  houses  to  be  had,  many  of  them  sumptuous  in 
their  appointments  and  attractive  in  location  and  grounds. 


s 

W' ui,_^ 

**-'™.                     m 

r-- 

-    ji 

• 

Photo,  by  Crandall,  Pasadena. 
FIRST   PRESBYTERIAN    CHURCH. 


One  of  the  winter  attractions  that  has  a  national  reputation  is  the 
Tournament  of  Roses  parade  and  festivities  on  New  Year  Day.  This 
festival  has  been  given  every  year  for  twelve  consecutive  years  with 
increasing  fame  and  interest.  The  day  is  given  over  to  the  joy  of  the 
climate.  A  floral  parade  in  which  no  artificial  flowers  are  permitted, 
stretches  out  for  a  mile  or  more.  No  man,  woman,  or  child,  horse  or 
vehicle  is  allowed  in  the  parade  unless  decorated  with  flowers.  Every 
variety  of  equipage,  from  a  bicycle  to  a  six-in-hand  tally-ho  coach  or 
imposing  float  is  to  be  seen.  Every  device  of  art  or  whim  is  in- 
dulged in. 


356 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


Handsome  prizes  are  of- 
ered  for  the  most  artistic 
and  elaborate  floral  decora- 
tion, and  thousands  upon 
thousands  of  people  are  in 
attendance  to  witness  the 
event.  The  whole  pageant 
is  g-rand  and  beautiful,  and 
once  seen  remains  in  the 
mind  of  the  beholder  as  a 
pleasant  recollection.  In 
the  afternoon  amateur 
sports  are  indulged  in  for 
the  amusement  of  the  thou- 
sands who  picnic  under  the 
live-oak  trees  and  enjoy 
strawberries  and  other 
fresh  fruits  galore. 

There  are  miles  of  phe- 
nomenally attractive  roads 
for  riding  and  driving. 
Golf  links  are  maintained 
by  the  Country  Club,  the 
Hotel  Green  and  the  Hotel 
Pintoresca.  Nature  pro- 
vides the  inexhaustible  at- 
tractions of  the  mountains, 
their  cafions  with  water- 
falls and  wealth  of  ferns 
and  flowers,  and  the 
mountain  peaks  from  which 
may  be  seen  views  of  im- 
posing beauty.  From  their 
base  stretch  the  foothills 
and  the  valleys  with  cities 
and  towns,  away  down  to 
the  mighty  Pacific,  and  the 
islands  far  out  at  sea;  the 
long  lines  of  white  surf 
breaking  upon  the  shore, 
and  the  moving  ships  and 
steamers  floating  upon  a 
sea  of  glass,  while  to  the 
north  as  far  as  the  eye  can 
reach  are  mountain  range 
after  range  with  valleys 
thousands  of  feet  deep  be- 
tween. And  all  this  may 
be  seen  over  the  Mt.  Lowe 
railroad,    in    comfort    and 


PASADENA. 


357 


ease.  This  road  is  a  rioted  achievement  of  eng-ineering"  and  railroad 
building-,  and  no  visit  to  Southern  California  may  be  considered  quite 
complete  without  enjoying"  a  ride  over  it. 

The  summit  of  Mt.  Wilson  is  reached  by  horse  or  burro  over  an 
easy  trail  winding-  up  the  mountain  side  and  along-  the  ridg-es  of  the 
spurs,  forming-  a  continuous  panorama  of  g-randeur  and  beauty. 
There  is  fishing-  in  the  mountain  streams,  and  fishing-  in  the  ocean 
for  the  leaping  tuna,  the  mightiest  of  g-anie  fishes,  and  an  almost  end- 
less variety  of  other  g-ame  fish  ;  there  are  ducks  on  the  little  lakes 
near  the  ocean,  and  quail,  pigeons  and  other  birds  in  the  mountains, 
on  the  foothills  and  in  the  valleys.  Truly  health  and  pleasure  are 
stored  here  in  abundance  for  all  who  will  partake. 


"throop 


Photo,  by  Craiidall,  Pasadena. 
COACH   IN   TOURNAMENT  OF   ROSES,    PASADENA. 


There  is  an  excursion  frequently  indulged  in  by  tourists  that  is 
truly  novel.  I^eaving  Pasadena  over  the  Mt.  I^owe  railroad  in  the 
morning  an  hour  and  a  half  brings  one  to  the  snow-clad  drives  near 
Alpine  tavern,  where  a  snowball  fight  and  sleigh  ride  are  enjoyed, 
then  returning  to  the  orchards  of  Altadena  oranges  and  flowers  are 
the  order,  and  later  at  one  of  the  many  seaside  resorts  a  refreshing 
bath  in  the  ocean  prepares  for  a  good  dinner  and  the  opera  in  the 
evening. 

It  is  the  natural  inference  of  Eastern  people  who  spend  the  winter 
in  Pasadena  that  a  climate  so  salubrious  and  at  times  warm  during 


358 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


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Photo,  by  Crandall,  Pasadena. 
OUTSIDE   ONE    PASADENA    HOME    IN    JANUARY. 

the  time  of  year  which  is  uniformly  cold  and  disagreeable  in  the 
East  must  be  hot  and  uncomfortable  during-  the  summer  months.  I 
wish  to  say  without  reservation  that  the  summers  in  Pasadena  are 
almost  uniformly  cool,  and  the  nights  invariably  so.  In  fact  most 
residents  prefer  the  summer  to  the  winter  for  health,  comfort  and 
pleasure. 


INSIDK    ANOTHEK. 


Photo,  by  Crandall,  Pasadena. 


PASADENA. 


359 


It  is  fortunate  for  Pasadena  that  the  conditions  existing-  here  have 
attracted  so  many  men  who  brought  with  them  the  mature  results  of 
a  successful  life — men  who  have  achieved  position,  reputation  and 
wealth,  as  the  measure  of  their  ability,  and  whose  influence  is  so 
valuable  both  at  home  and  abroad  in  behalf  of  the  welfare  of  the 
city.  This  class  of  citizens  is  bound  to  increase  as  others  find  how 
valuable  this  climate  is  in  its  rejuvenating-  efl'ects  upon  worn  out 
energ-ies  and  the  prolong-ing-  of  physical  vig-or.  Certainly  no  other 
locality  oifers  such  a  guaranty  of  leng-thened  opportunity  for  enjoy- 
ing the  results  of  a  successful  life. 

New  enterprises  are  constantly  launched  to  meet  the  demands  of  a 


Photo,  by  Crandall,  Pasadena. 
MII^LARD'S   canon,    near    PASADENA. 

rapidly  growing  population,  and  opportunities  for  capital  and  em- 
ployment come  with  them. 

The  stern  realities  of  life  meet  with  competition  and  struggle. 
Brains,  brawn  and  money  win  in  the  light  the  same  as  they  do  the 
world  over. 

The  patient  independent  rancher,  the  prosperous  merchant,  the 
successful  professional  man,  the  shrewd  capitalist  and  all  the  various 
occupations  of  life,  find  their  reward  the  same  as  in  other  localities. 
But  the  sun  brings  more  health  and  loveliness,  the  tedium  of  life 
finds  more  varied  and  comfortable  relief.     The  heart  and  soul  find 


360 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


Photo,  by  Crandall,  Pasadena. 
A   BUSINESS   CORNER   IN   PASADENA. 

more  natural  food  for  development  than  elsewhere.  There  is  a 
mystic  spell  that  holds  one  who  once  yields  allegiance  to  the  charm 
of  living  in  this  land.  Its  beguiling  influence  subdues  the  love  of  old 
associations  and  friends  ;  even  family  ties  weaken  under  it.  A  half 
a  loaf  with  the  joy  of  living  is  better  than  a  feast  eaten  in  darkness. 
Drawbacks  there  are  ;  no  person  or  thing  is  perfect,  but  as  a  dear  old 
preacher  had  it,  "  It  isn't  perfect,  but  it  is  the  best  there  is." 


VER  since  the  beginning-  of  the  civilized  era,  progress  along 
the  line  of  cooking  and  eating  utensils  has  been  marked  by 
the  substitution  of  superior  ware  in  its  manufacture.  With 
all  its  shortcomings,  the  use  of  pottery  will  no  doubt  long  continue. 
Silver  has  enjoyed  more  or  less  popularity  since  the  Roman  era.  In 
Washington's  time  pewter  held  full  sway  ;  while  at  present,  art  and 
skill  in  china,  glass  and  porcelain  is  furnishing  a  bewildering  variety 
of  more  or  less  useful  tableware. 

Nevertheless,  for  a  generation  the  newspaper  wits  have  had  for  one 
of  their  stock  jokes  the  activity  of  servants  in  smashing  dishes  of 
porcelain  or  china,  but  to  hundreds  of  thousands  of  families  it  has 
been  no  joke.  Since  burglary  has  become  so  much  a  fine  art,  few 
people,  even  those  who  could  afford  it,  like  to  keep  a  silver-service  in 
the  house.  The  pewter  of  our  great-grandfathers  has  gone  out,  and 
was,  at  any  rate,  too  soft,  and  melted  at  the  touch  of  a  candle  to  it. 
The  agate  and  granite  wares,  so  enormously  employed  now  for 
kitchen  use,  are  unbreakable  but  ugly,  and  there  is  room  for  table 
and  kitchen  ware  which  shall  be  at  once  durable,  cleanly,  attractive 
and  salable  at  less  than  jewelers'  prices.  Something,  in  fact,  with 
the  virtues  of  silver,  but  without  the  dangerous  value,  which  is  a 
standing  invitation  to  "  thieves  to  break  in  and  steal,"  and  perhaps 
do  something  worse. 

Aluminum  comes  far  nearest  to  filling  the  bill.  For  kitchen  uten- 
sils it  is  confessedly  without  a  peer.  Its  lightness,  toughness  and 
cleanliness  make  it  the  ideal  ware  for  the  range,  and  for  all  processes 
of  cookery.  Kettles,  skillets,  skimmers,  spoons,  pans,  pudding  dishes, 
dishpans,  in  all  kitchen  wares,  aluminum  has  no  rival.  The  house- 
wife need  have  no  fear  of  leaving  skillets  or  kettles  of  aluminum  a 
trifle  too  long  unattended,  for  the  contents  will  not  stick  to  the  surface 
of  an  aluminum  utensil  or  burn  on  the  least  provocation. 

Its  virtue  as  table  ware  is  not  yet  so  widely  recognized,  though 
thousands  of  families  use  aluminum. 

All  manner  of  toilet  articles  are  already  made  in  aluminum,  and  are 
replacing  the  older  fashioned  articles  in  silver  and  other  materials. 

Durable  as  silver,  as  easy  to  keep  bright,  as  attractive  and  entirely 
free  from  risk  of  theft,  it  is  but  a  question  of  time  when  aluminum 
will  largely  supersede  silver  in  these  wares.  Indeed  it  has  already 
become  quite  the  thing  in  fashionable  European  homes,  while  its 
lightness  has  led  it  to  be  adopted  by  the  English  army,  and  recom- 
mends it  to  campers  and  travelers. 

Despite  its  usefulness  and  growing  popularity,  there  are  but  two 
aluminum  establishments  on  the  Pacific  Coast.  One  of  these  is  located 
in  San  Francisco,  and  the  other,  of  course,  at  L<os  Angeles.  With 
the  fast  growing  cheapness  of  the  ware  and  general  knowledge  of 
its  desirability,  it  can  but  be  a  question  of  time  when  aluminum  ware 
will  be  found  on  the  shelves  of  every  house,  even  to  the  supplanting 
of  the  wares  now  in  more  general  use, 


Xhe     Land     of     Sunshine 

PUBIylSHED    MONTHIyY    BY 

The  Lanci  of  Sunshine  Piiblishing  Co. 

(incorporated) 

Rooms  5,  7,  9  ;    121>^  South  Broadway,  I^os  Angeles,  Cal.,  U.  S.  A. 


HEADS   OF   DEPARTMENTS 
C.  M.  Davis        -  -  -         Gen.  Managrer 

Chas.  F.  Lummis  -  -  -    Editorial 

1^.  A.  Pattee  -  -  -  Business 

Chas.  A.  Moody  -  -         Subscription 

F.  A.  ScHNELL         -  -  -     News  Stand 


SUBSCRIPTION  RATES 

$1   a  year  in  the  United   States,   Canada    and 
Mexico. 

11.50  a  year  to  other  countries  in  the  Postal 
Union. 


Entered  at  the  LosAng-eles  Postofficeas  second-class  matter. 


Loma  Linda,  the  new  Health  and  Pleasure  Resort. 


'  -^  ~   -j-r-'s^ft^va.H'U;^ ,«i_~ij«  I..  "'^  -■j-iS'i  V-  f-i^'i^i. 


-.-.-j.^jtSf-r-^fli^^- 


SOME   GI.IMPSES   AT   I,OMA    LINDA. 


'■^-,^-  >«»,*As2i?®^i<~-'"V.  »'-a^?SSf'l[ 


The  big-  tourist  hotel  building  which  has  stood  since  boom  days  upon  a  com- 
manding eminence  at  Mound  City  station,  near  Redlands,  has  been  transformed 
into  a  modern  sanitarium  or  health  resort.  A  number  of  well  known  Southern 
California  physicians  have  remodeled  and  equipped  it  and  will  maintain  it  in  a 
manner  that  will  rival  any  such  institution  in  the  West. 

The  main  building,  located  on  a  tree-covered  knoll,  contains  some  sixty 
handsomely  furnished  rooms,  exclusive  of  parlors,  reception  rooms,  sun  parlors, 
dining  rooms  and  treatment  and  operating  rooms. 

At  a  distance  from  the  main  building  are  a  number  of  new  cottages,  fitted  up 
with  every  convenience  for  patients,  while  one  will  be  devoted  to  a  nurses'  train- 
ing school. 

The  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Association  is  made  up  as  follows  :  Dr.  F.  K. 
Ainsworth,  president ;  Dr.  J.  E.  Cowles,  vice-president ;  M.  N.  Eskey,  secretary 
and  manager ;  Dr.  George  L.  Cole,  Dr.  W.  M.  Lewis,  Dr.  E.  A.  Bryant,  Dr.  E.  C. 
Buell,  Dr.  R.  C.  Kirkpatrick,  Dr.  S.  Y.  Wynne,  Dr.  H.  G.  Cates,  Eeon  F.  Moss. 


Ilelp— All  Kinds.    See  Hummel  Bros.  &  Co.    300  W.  Second  St.    Tel.  Mah  509 


PASADENA  INVESTMENTS 


Beautiful  Residences.         Elegant  Building  Sites. 

SUBURBAN  HOriES 

OUR  SPECIALTY 

We  have  some  of  the  finest  Orang-e  and  Lemon  Groves 
in    San  Gabriel  Valley,  paying-  larg-e  returns  on  the 
investment. 

We  are  sole  agents  for  the  Garvey  Ranch 
lands,  part  in  alfalfa  and  walnuts.  Unimproved 
lands  with  an  abundance  of  pure  artesian  water 
piped,  at  from  $100  to  $150  per  acre.  Write 
US  for  inform  at  ion. 

WOOD  &  CHURCH 

16  S.  Raymond  Ave.      Pasadena,  Cal. 

20  YEARS  IN  THE  BUSINESS 


j^\ 


^^ 


^^r^^fr^^^ 


C.  D.  Daggktt. 


P.  S.  Daggktt. 


On  another  paj^e  of  this  magfazine  you  will 
lind  an  article  describing  Pasadena  —  the 
Cit}'  of  Homes.  If  you  want  a  home  there 
or  thereabouts,  we  can  furnish  an3'tliing' 
from  a  rose-covered  cottage  to  a  palatial 
residence,  asuburban  villa  or  a  pa3ung- ranch. 
We  are  perfectly  familiar  with  local  condi- 
tions ^nd  values,  and  are  in  a  position  to 
give  our  customers  every  advantage.  We 
can  rent  you  a  furnished  house  from  $25.00 
to  $r)00  a  month  while  you  make  a  personal 
investigation.  We  do  a  general  investment 
business.  Dagc.ktt  &  Daggktt. 

17  North  Raymond  Ave.,      Pasadena,  Cal. 


^ 


^^i^^CrfrfrCi 


—1% 


MISCELLANEOUS 


""W^mi 


Hotel  Pleasanton.... 

^    ^^    ' ""^^^^  Cor.  Sutter  and  Jones  Streets 

San  Francisco,  Cal. 


THE   LEADING   FAMILY  AND    TOURIST    HOTEL 
IN   SAN   FRANCISCO 

Situated  in  a  pleasant  and  convenient  part  of  the  city, 
near  the  Theaters,  Churches  and  principal  stores. 
Two  lines  of  cable  cars  pass  the  Hotel,  Sutter  St.  line 
direct  from  the  Ferries  and  to  the  Cliff  House  and 
Golden  Gate  Park.  Elegantly  appointed  rooms,  sing-le 
or  en  suite,  with  or  without  private  bath.  Sanitary 
plumbing-,  porcelain  bath  tubs  and  all  modern  im- 
provements. Cuisine  and  service  perfect,  and  an 
assurance  of  home  comfort  and  hospitable  treatment 
rarely  met  with  in  a  hotel.  Rates  $2  to  $4  per  day. 
Special  terms  by  the  week  and  month. 

O.   M.   BRENNAN,   Proprietor 


LOS  Angeles  Phoio  Engraving  Co. 

V    V    ONLY    FIRST-CLASS    WORK    V    V 


Corner 
Second 
and  Main 


nummel  Bros.  &  Co.  furnish  best  help.    300  W.  Second  St    Tel.  Main  509 


MISCELLANEOUS 


Miniature  Portrait 

Paintings 

in 

Porcelain  and   Ivory 

Perfect  likeness,  colors  abso- 
lutely fast.  Photos,  tintypes, 
Dag-uerreotypes,  etc.,  copied 
perfectly,  and  every  precau- 
tion taken  to  insure  safe  re- 
turn of  originals.  First  two 
orders  received  from  each 
town  or  city  at  20  per  cent  re- 
duction (except  those  on 
ivory). 

Samples  sent  prepaid  to  re- 
sponsible parties  for  three 
days'  examination.  New  work 
g-uaranteed  equal  to  sample 
submitted. 

Small  miniature  mounted  in 
solid  gold  for  brooch  pins 
finished  complete,  ready  for 
use.  All  work  of  highest 
quality ;  prices  lower  than 
obtainable  elsewhere.  Write 
for  full  particulars. 

J.  Corry  Baker,  Denver,  Colo. 


EAMES  TRICYCLE  CO 


Manufacturers  and  patentees  of  the  very 
latest  designs  of  Tricycles  for  the  crip- 
pled.   Also  Tricycles  for  those  who  would 


like  the  pleasures  of  cycling  and  do  not 
ride  the  bics^le.  Wheel  chairs  for  inval- 
ids, and  Hospital  Appliances.  Send  for 
illustrated  catalogue. 

EAMES  TRICYCLE  CO.  iirFrSl" 


C  J.  CRANDALL  &  CO. 


V\cw  rorografcrs.... 

59  E.  Colorado  Street 
1 1  ILL  PASADliNA,  CAL. 


.Successors 
to 


roTOGPAr 


"^♦7 


Y     n  NYIHING 
^    /jNYWHERE 
r\m  TIMC 


rofos  of  Southcn\  Ojllfornio  (m\  hand.    L(intcn\  Slides,  Alhutns,  (it\d  Tr<«ns|Hirencies 


AII||CC    A  YEAR'S  Fun  FOR 
UllinCO  THE  Whole  family 


Splendid 
Package  OF 

OniiKlcHt  <-<il|i-('iiiiii  (ifOniiM'H  aiiil  AiiiiiHonii-iilH  ever  otVcrcil.  hI  I  of  |irao(i- 
C«l  use,  fiinilKliliu-  •■iiliic  iHiiilly  wftli  "A  ("art  l,i>ail  of  Fim"  for  the  whole 
yj-ar.  .Sfo  what  yi>u  kvi  —  Uunio  of  lUckKainiiiuii,  r<>lilliiK  iMMini  7x11 
liirtie*,  with  full  m-i  of  men  ;  Chess  snil  (7he<-keni,  iMtsnU  aiul  iiu-ii  coiii- 
pleto;  Nine  Men  Morris:  Pox  snd  Uees«  with  Ixuinis  snil  niiMi  :  Dominoes  : 
full  net  of  hsnrly  size;  Fortune;  Authors,  •!(»  rsnls  ;Forfelt;  Oreat  13  Purr.lo  : 
Peerless  Triple  Puzzle;  The  Royal  Tablet  of  Fate;  Maiclr  Ace  Tablet:  Prof. 
P.>|iper"s  Anliiiateil  Oanrlnic  Skeleton,  HInrhes  hUh,  will  furnish  fun  for 
entire  evenluK,  Comic  Conversation  Carils:  I'eerless  Amusement  Hook  Is  a 
whole  library  of  Informatlonon  amusement  fames,  parlor  tricks, etc  We 
semi  all  thisfree  to  each  one  scmllnK  IS  rents  for  4  montliH'  suUcrlptlon  to 
our  monthly  |vaper.— Send  3  cts.  extra  fur  postage.— MtamiMi  taken.     .Vdilr«>M  WKLCUMK  PUIKNU,  1S8  Nassau  at. 


>*^Sr|«Paloma  Toilet5?ap 


AX    ALL. 

DRUG  STORES 


MISCELLANEOUS 


LOS   ANGELES   OPTICAL  CO., 


OCULISTS 
OPTICIANS 

EYE  STRAIN:  A  cause  of  Brain  Irritation  and  Nervous  Debilitj-,  Headaches, 
etc.  WE  POSITIVELY  CURE  Headaches,  Granulated  Lids,  Inflamed  Eyeballs, 
Muscular  Insufficiency,  Crossed  Eyes.  Children's  eyes  should  not  be  negrlect- 
ed  and  allow  temporary  errors  to  g^row  into  permanent  defects.  ARTIFICIAL  EYES. 
THE   ONLY   EXCLUSIVE   OPTICAL    PARLORS   IN   LOS   ANGELES 

Telephone 

James  1631 


319  5.  SPRING  ST. 


•Sj^^lfe^^fe^fejft^ft^fe^ftjft^S^S^  ^iS)ft  ^!Jo!!o  !loS^!JoJl!o^  ^^^^^^>l' 


49 
49 
49 
49 
49 
49 
49 
49 
49 
49 
49 
49 
49 


MODERNNESS 


is   the  key  note  of  our 
establishment.  Modern 

ideas,     methods,      ma- 

^^^^^^■^^"■^^■■■'^"^^"''■■^"'"^'^^  chinery    and   work. 
The  result  is  healthfulness,   attractiveness  and  comfort  at  the 
same  price  that  a  less  careful  and  well  equipped  institution  would 
turn  out  the  work. 

Our  patented  machine,  ''No  Saw-Edge  on  Collars  and  Cuffs," 
should  in  itself  invite  your  patronage. 
Send  for  our  Family  Price  List. 

EMPIRE    LAUNDRY 


Phone  Main  635.     149  5.  Main  St.,  Los  Angeles 

|5<oror  or  oror  or  or  or  or  or  or  o^ 


Ventura  by  the  Sea 

Has 

The  Best  Climate, 

The  Best  Sea  Bathing, 

The  Best  Scenery,  and 
The  Best  Hotel  on  the  Coast 

HOTEL  ROSE 

WM.  ME^ 

JZEL,  Prop. 

I     The  Longest  Railroad  Tangent 
in  Nortli  America. 

The  new  extension  of  the  Rock  Island  now 
buildingr  between  Liberal,  Kansas,  and  El  Paso, 
Texas,  to  connect  with  Southern  Pacific,  is  be- 
ing- pushed  forward  at  the  rapid  rate  of  three 
miles  of  finished  track  per  day.  Already  thirty 
miles  of  the  roadwaj-  is  ready  for  the  rails,  and 
a  larg-e  force  of  graders  is  at  work  several  miles 
in  advance  of  the  track  layers.  The  rapid  pro- 
gress in  laj'ing-  the  track  on  this  new  extension 
is  made  possible  by  using-  a  new  track-laying 
machine.  This  machine  greatly  facilitates  the 
work  by  delivering  the  ties  and  rails  to  the 
workmen  as  fast  as  needed.  When  this  new 
extension  is  completed,  the  Rock  Island  will 
have  the  longest  piece  of  straig-ht  track  of  any 
railroad  in  North  America,  the  track  being  so 
laid  that  for  a  distance  of  120  miles  there  is  not 
a  curve.  The  new  bridg-e  on  this  extension, 
over  the  South  Canadian  river,  on  which  work 
began  a  few  days  ago,  will  be  710  feet  long  and 
130  feet  above  the  water. 


California  Souvenir    Playing   Cards 

Fifty-two  beautiful  half-tone  eng-raving-s  of  world  famous  California  scenery. 
Backs  carry  design  of  State  Seal,  surrounded  by  California  poppies.  Double 
enameled  and  highly  polished.     Large  indexes  in  corners  make  them  suitable  for 

^Ictfenf  ^r«£t^lipa!r  ^'       FRED  S.  GIFFORD,  Palo  Alto,  Cal. 


EDUCAIIONAL 


POMONA  COLLEGE  ^LlZor. 

Courses  leading  to  degrees  of  B.A.,  B.S.,  and 
B.  L.    Its  degrees  are  recognized  by  Univer- 
sity of  California,  Stanford  University,  and 
all  the  Eastern  Universities. 

Also  preparatory  School,  fitting  for  all 
Colleges,  and  a  School  of  Music  of  high 
grade.       Address, 

FRANK  I..  FERGUSON,  President 

Occidental  College 

LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 

Three  Courses:    classical.  Literary, 

Scientific,  leading  to  degrees  of  A.  B.,  B.  L.,  an<i 
B.  S.    Thoroufirh  Preparatory  Department 

First  semester  began  September  26. 1900. 

Address  the  President, 

Rev.  Guy  W.  Wadsworth. 

THE  CHAFFEY  SCHOOL  S?l!!c„. 

Most  healthful   and   beautiful  location.     Well 
endowed.   Prepares  for  any  university.    Teach- 
ing   or    business        Fully    accredited     by 
State  University. 

OIRLS  trnined  for  the  home  and  society  hy  cultured  lady  teach- 
ers at  Elm  Hall.     Special  teacher  in  domestic  economy. 

BOTS   developed   In    manly   qualities   and    business   habits   hy 
gentlemen  teachers  at  West  Hall      Individual  attention. 

Piano  and  Voice,  resident  teachers,  highei-t  standards. 

PASADENA 

124    S.    EUCLID    AVENUE 

MISS  ORTON'S    BOARDING   AND 

DAY  SCHOOli  FOR  GIRLS. 

New   Buildings.     Gymnasium.     Special  care  ot 
health.     Fntire    charge  taken  of  pupils  during 
school  vear  and  summer  vacation.     Certificate 
admits   to  Fastern   Colleges.     11th  year  began 
October  1, 1900. 

Illustrated  cata  ogue.                  DEAN  WILLIAM  T.  RANDALL. 

II                                        ^^ 

LASELL    SEMINARY 

FOR 

YOUNG   WOMEN 

Attburndale,  Mass. 

"  In  your  walking  and  sitting  so  much  more 
erect;  in  your  general  health;  in  your  conver- 
sation; in  your  way  of  meeting  people,  and  in 
Innumerable  ways,  I  could  see  the  benefit  you 
are  receiving  from  your  training  and  associa- 
tions at  Lasell.  All  this  you  must  know  is  very 
gratifying  to  me." 

So  a  father  wrote  to  his  daughter  after  her 
Christmas  vacation  at  home.    It  is  unsolicited 
testimony  as  to  Lasell's  success  in  some  im- 
portant  lines. 

Those  who  think  the  time  of  their  daughters 
is  worth  more  than  money,  and  in  the  quality 
of  the  conditions  which  are  about  tl'em  during 
school-life  desire  the  very  best  that  the  East 
can  offer,  will  do  well  to  send  for  the  illus- 
trated catalogue. 

O.  C.  BRAGDON,  Principal 

^ ^^ 

Formerly  Casa  de  Rosas. 

GIRLS'  COLLEGIATE  SCHOOl 

Adams  and  HooTer  StB., 
L,o8  Angelefi,  Cal. 

Alice  K.  Parsons,  B.A., 
Jeanne  W.  Dennen, 

Principals. 

The  Brownsberger  Home  School 

SHORTHAND  AND  TYPEWRITING 
903  South   Broadway.        Tel.  Blue  70ftl. 

THE     HARVARD    SCHOOL 

(MILITARY) 
LOS    ANGELES,    CAL. 

7n  Latest  Model  Typewriters   owned   by   this 
*  **  institution.      Only    individual    work.      Ma- 
chine at  home  free.     Hours  8:3(>  to   12:30,  and 
1:30  to  4:30.  The  only  school  on  the  Coast  doing 
practical   office  work.      Evening   school  every 
evening.     Send  for  handsome  new  catalotrue. 

An  English  Classical  IJoardinir and  Day  School 
for  Boys. 

(iRENVILLK  C.  EMERY,  A.  B., 
Head  Master. 

Refi'n-nce:  Chas.   W.  Eliot,  LL.  D..   PresidiMit 

Harvard  University. 
Hon.  VVni.  I*.  Frye,  Prcs't  pro  teni.  U,  S.  Senate. 

College  of  Immaculate  Heart 

SELECT  BOARDING  SCHOOL 
FOR  YOUNG  LADIES 

For  particulars  address  Sister  Supekior, 
Pico  Heisrhts,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

212    :bl£BST    THIRD    STRBBT 

is  the  oldest  established,  has  the  largest  attendance,  and  is  the  best  equipped 
business  college  on  the  Pacific  Coast.     Catalogue  and  circulars  free. 


R«lla|le  Mp  promptly  furiWiML    Nufflmel  Bros,  k  Co,    ItL  Mala  509 


COLONIZATION,  ETC. 


Southern  Calitornia 


Visitors 


should 
not  fail  to  see 


HOTEL  AZUSA. 


AZUSA 


24  miles  from  Los  Ang-eles, 
on  the  Kite-shaped  track  of 
the  Santa  F^  Ry. 


It  has  first-class  hotel  accommodations,  g-ood  drives  and  fine  scenic  sur- 
roundings. Its  educational,  social  and  relig-ious  facilities  are  complete. 
It  is  surrounded  by  the  most  productive  and  beautiful  orang^e  and  lemon 
groves  in  the  world,  and  as  a  place  of  residence  is  warmer  in  winter  and 
cooler  in  summer  than  many  other  famous  orange  districts. 
For  especial  information  or  complete  and  handsome  illustrated  literature, 


Write 


D.  GRIFFITHS 
Azusa 


caiifornir^  diaiiiber  of  Commerce 


Pajaro  Valley  Nursery 

LARGE  AND  COMPLETE  STOCK  OF 
ALL  KINDS  OF 

Deciduous  Fruit  Trees, 

Shade  and   Ornamental  Trees, 

Small  Fruits,  etc. 


Would  call  attention  to  my  New  Mammoth 
Blackberry  which  I  am  offeringr  for  sale  for 
the  first  time  this  winter.  I  am  the  sole 
owner  of  all  the  g-enuine  plants  offered  for 
sale.  If  you  want  to  know  all  about  the 
larg-est  and  best  Blackberry  ever  grrown 

Send  for  catalog-ue,  circular  and  price  list,    i 

JAMES    WATERS 
I  Watsonville,  California. 


I 

lie 


Orange  and  ^Ivemon:;_lands, 
with  water,  $50  up. 

Deciduous,  Dairying  and 
Alfalfa  lands,  $20  up. 

Sales  are  now  being  made  at 
these  prices.  For  full  infor- 
mation apply  to 

Metory  Boord  oi  Trade, 
Ponerifiiie,  caiiiorniQ. 


LOS  Angeles  Photo  Engraving  Co. 

>•    •*•    ONLY    FIRST-CLASS    WORK    V    -V 


Corner 
Second 
and  Main 


MISCELLANEOUS 


L.  B.  Elberson,  President.  J> 

J  Wm.  Meek,  Treasurer.  l 

4  \> 


The  Meek  Baking  Co. 

Wholesale  and  Retail. 

Factory,  602  San  Pedro  St. 
Los  Angeles.  Cal. 


J      Telephone  322.     The  Largrest  Bakery      i 
SI  on  the  Coast.  y 


OIL     L-ANDS 

We  hold  ten  and  a  quarter  sections  of  prom- 
ising- Oil  Lands  in  what  will  soon  be  an  active 
field.  If  you  wish  to  buy  Oil  Lands  call  and 
investigate. 

DRY    LAKE    OIL    CO. 


Room  7  F.   A. 

i2\%  South  Broadw^ay 


PattEE,    Secretary 
LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 


"Barker 

Linen'CnDars  anufFs  J//-^- 
fASe"^  WEST-moY.  NY.  '*2^' 

SACHS    BROS  &  CO. 
San    Franplsco    Coag^   Agents 


WATCHES.    CAMERAS.    RINGS.    ETC. 

Send  your  name  and  address  on  postal  to  Consolidated  Jewelry 
Co.,'.  101,  Broadway,  Attleboro,  Mass.  They  will  mail  you  one  of 
their  newly  illustrated  premium  lists  and  18  gold  finished 
stone  set  scarf  pins  to  sell  at  10  cents  each.  When  sold,  return 
them  the  money,  and  the  premium  you  select  will  be  sent  at 
once.  Other  inducements  offered  in  catalog-ue.  Write  now. 
No  money  required  until  after  g-oods  are  sold. 


With  facilities  unsurpiased  and  ambition  unlimited, 
we  feel  Justified  in  soUciting  trade  from  an  unbounded  field.    None  but  the  best  work 
at  reasonable  prices.     We  illustrate  this  magazine 

timaaaillElillT 


6  Dear  worK  ^.^  Jl 

nntmnflfllj 


Hannel  Bros,  ft  U.,  EmploynMt  Ageott,  300  W.  SecoMt  St    TeL  IVtoli  509 


LAND  INVESTMENTS 


'^-'■W^' 


^  X     ORANGE  AND    LEMON       X    ^x 
^X  GROVES  X-^ 

The  most  profitable  varieties  on  the  best  soil,  in^^  ^Q\ 
the  finest  condition.     I  have   more   than   I   want   to 


NOW  PAYING  A  GOOD 

INCOME  ON  PRICE 

REQUIRED. 


WILL  PAY  A  BETTER 

INCOME  AS  TREES 

GET  OLDER. 


tVANif 


take  care  of,  and  will  sell  part  in  ten-acre  tracts  at  prices 
^j^  X   below  present  conservative  values.     Write  me  for  >    ^ 
^^\^  particulars.    Better  yet,  come  and  see  property.  ^^^C5^ 

%\  A.  P.  GRIFFITH,  Azusa,  Cal.  X^^  ^ 


WE  SELL  THE  EARTH 

$a^        BASSETT  A  SMITH 

We  deal  in  all  kinds  of  Real  Estate. 
Orchard  and  Resident  Property. 
Write  for  descriptive  pamphlet. 

232  W.  Second  St,  Room  208,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

REDLANDS.  California 

A    CITY    OF    BEAUTIFUL    HOMES 
AND    FINE    ORANGE    GROVES 

Climate  unsurpassed,  mag-nificent  scenery,  ex- 
cellent schools  and  churches,  best  of  society,  no 
saloons,  if  you  want  a  home  in  Southern  Califor- 
nia, or  a  navel  orange  grrove  as  an  investment, 
call  upon  or  address:  JOHN  P.  FISK,  Rooms  1 
and  2,  Union  Bank  Block,  Redlands,  California. 


Do  You  Want  to  Know 


PADDOCK  &  DAVIS 

RIVERSIDE,  Cal. 


SEND  JO  CENTS  for  MRS.  theodosia  b.  shepherd^s  catalcxjue 

OF  SEEDS,  PLANTS,  BULBS  AND  CACTUS  ^  ji  Jt  ^  jt 

Which  amount  will  be  credited  on  first  order. 

At  VENTURA-BY-THE-SEA,  California 


RamonaToilet«Soap 


INYUn    TUCATDIPlll     PHin    PDEHM     prevents  early  wrinkles.     It  is  not  a  freckle  coatinsr :  it  re" 
HIllllU     IllLHIniUHL    UULU    UnCHfll    moves  them.    ANYVO  CO.,  427  N.  Main   St.,  l/os  Ansreles, 


FINANCIAL,  ETC, 


(!^5-<:^ 


.===m^ 


OLDEST  AND  LARGEST  BANK  IN   SOUTHERN 
CALIFORNIA. 

Farmers  and  Merchants  Bank 

OF  LOS  ANGELES,  CAL 

Capital  (  paid  up )     .    .    $500,000.00 

Surplus  and  Reserve     .      925,000.00 

Total    ....    $1,425,000.00 

OFFICERS 

I.  W.  Hellman,  Prest.      H.  W.  Hellman,  V  -Prest. 

Henry  J.  Fleishman,  Cashier 

GUSTAV  Heimann,  Assistant  Cashier 

DIRECTORS 

W.   H.   Perry,  C.   E.  Thorn,         J.  F.  Francis, 

O.  W   Chiids.    I.  W.  Hellman.  Jr.,  I.  N.  Van  Nuys, 

A.  Glassell.      H.  W.  Hellman.     I.  W.  Hellman. 

Special  Collection  Department.    Correspondence 
Invited.    Safety  Deposit  Boxes  torrent. 

First  National  Bank 

OF  LOS  ANGELES. 

Largttt  National  Bank  in  Southern 
Caiiforniau 


W.  C.  Patterson,  Prest.  P.  M.  Green,  VIce-Prest. 

W.  D   WOOLWINF.  Cashier 
E.  W.  COE,  Assistant  Cashier 


Capital  Stock $400,000 

Surplus  and  Undivided  Profits  over 260,000 

J.  M.  Elliott.  Prest.  W.  G.  Kerckhoff,  V.-Prest 

Frank  A.  Gibson.  Cashier 

W.  T.  b.  Hammond,  Assistant  Cashier 

DIRECTORS 

J.  D.  Blcknell.     H.  Jevne 

J.  M.  Elliott,         F.  Q.  Story 


Cor.  First  and  Spring  Streets 


Capital  Stock 
Surplus 


$600,000 
100,000 


This  bank  has  the  best  location  of  any  bank  in 
Los  Angeles.  It  has  the  largest  capital  of  any 
National  Bank  in  South srn  California,  and  is  the  only 
United  States  Depositary  in  Southern  California. 


Drake. 

AU  Departments  of  a    Modern 
Conducted 


W.  G.  KercVhoff. 
J.  D.  Hool<er, 


Banking    Business 


OIL  LANDS 


We  have  for  sale  all  or  part  of  four  sec- 
tions of  land  having- promising- oil  indi- 
cations. It  lies  from  four  to  ten  miles 
from  the  S.  P.  Ry.,  and  has  easy  down 
g-rade  adapted  to  pipe  line.  Development 
is  progressing-  in  the  vicinity,  and  as 
soon  as  oil  is  actually  struck  and  the 
territory  thus  proved,  values  will  g-reatly 
increase.  Now  is  the  time  to  buy,  if  you 
are  interested. 

SANDSTONE  OIL  AND  MINING  CO. 

F.  A.  Pattee,  Secretary, 

Room  5,  No.  121j^  S.  Broadwav, 

Los  Ang-eles,  Cal. 


Sfe? 


<^ 


>, 


r 


KINGSLEY  -  BARNES 
&  NEUNER  CO., 
Limited.^  Engravers, 
Printers  and  Binders.  J-  Art 
Souvenirs  of  all  descriptions* 
Finest  work  on  the  Coast. 
Printers  and  Binders  to  the 
Land  of  Sunshine*  j^  j^  J> 
Telephone  Main  417  J*  .^  J» 
\  2  3  South  Broadway,  Los 
Angeles,  Cal.  j^  j^  ^  J'  J- 


FOR  THE  TABLE 


Maier  &  Zobelein 
Brewery 

LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 


BOTTLED    BEER 

For  Family  use  and  Export  a  specialty. 

A  pure,  wholesome  beverage,  recommended  by 
prominent    physicians. 

OFFICE,    440   ALISO   STREET 

Telephone  m  91 


BROMANGELOH 


i^ltfllBiiGfll^iiil 


I  Pacific  Coast  Biscuit  Co,  i 


213-215  North  Los  Angeles  Street 
LOS  ANGELES,  CAL, 


Manufacturers  of  the 


3 
3 


Celebrated         | 
Portland  Crackers      I 

E    THE  BEST  SODA  CRACKERS  EVER  MADE    | 

iiUiUiUiUiUiUiUiUiUiUiiiiUiUiUiUiUiUiUiUiUiUiUiUiUm^ 


MlSCtLLAJNilUUb 


VOIR  CHOICE  AT  HAir-PBICE 

Half-tone  and 
Line  Etching  Cuts 

We  have  accumulated  over  2000  cuts  of  Cali- 
fornia, Arizona,  and  New  Mexico  subjects 
which  have  been  used  in  the  Land  of  Sun- 
shine. They  are  practically  as  good  as  new, 
but  will  be  sold  at  half-price,  viz.,  %%c  a 
square  inch  for  half-tones  larg-er  than  twelve 
square  inches  and  $1  for  those  under  that 
size  with  40c  additional  for  vigrnettes.  Line 
etching's,  5c  a  square  inch  for  those  over 
ten  square  inches  and  50c  for  those  under 
that  size. 

If  you  cannot  call  at  our  office  send  $1.50 
to  cover  express  charges  on  proof  book  to  be 
sent  to  you  for  inspection  and  return.  The 
book  is  not  for  sale  and  must  be  returned 
promptly. 

If  you  order  cuts  to  the  amount  of  $5  the 
cost  of  expressagre  on  the  proof  book  will  be 
refunded. 

Land  of  Sunshine  Pub.  Co. 

Room  7,   No.  \1\yi  S.   Broadway 
Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Any  school  boy  or  girl 
can  make  good  pic» 
tures    with    one    of   the 

E^astman  Kodak  Co/s 

DOLLAR 
BROWNIE 
CAME^RAS 


The  Urownie 
Book,  a  dainty, 
tiny  pamphut 
contain  ini; 
/iftttn  0/  the 
prite  win h in£ 
pictures  from 
the  Brownie 
Camera  Club 
Contest,  free  at 
a  ny  K oda  k 
dealer's  or  by 
mail. 


EASTMAN  KODAK  CO.,  Rochester,  N.  Y 


Can  quickly  b«  gained  if  you  use  th.  famoui  new  "Nadine" 
■yitem  of  developmont  The  marrelou*  and  unusual  lue- 
eeas  with  which  Mrae  Hattings'  Bustand  Form  doTelopiag 
treatment  is  meeting  everywhere  makes  it  aoknowledfed 
by  Moiety,  the  medical  profession,  and  even  by  our  ooB> 
petitora  a*  distinctly  the  peer  of  all  known  doTeloport. 
Unattractive  anu  masculine  chested  women  are  readily 
transformed  into  superb  and  attraetive  figures.  All  hollow 
or  sliKhted  parU  are  rapidly  filled  out  and  made  t>eautifol 
in  contour.  It  never  fails  ana  is  absolutely  ^uaranteod  to 
enlarge  the  female  bust  at  oast  six  inches.  J-q^  -will 
have  the  personal  attention  by  mail  of  a  Face 
and  Form  Specialist  until  development  is  en- 
tirely completed.  Failure  is  imposssble  Special  diree. 
tiens  are  also  given  for  making  the  Neck  and  Arms  and 
other  parts  full  »nd  plump.  Perfectly  harmless  ;  all 
development  is  invariably  permanent.  Detailed  instruo- 
tions  are  also  given  by  which  15  to  80  healthy  ponnds  can 
be  added  to  the  body  generally,  when  so  desired.  Instr«e- 
tions,  photos,  and  roforenees,  sealed,  free.  Knolose  stamp 
for  postage.  HUE.  HASTINQS,  218  Omaha  Bldg.,  Chicago, 
Illinois. 


^«- 


MISCELLANEOUS 


Changed 

From 

Pine 

TO  ANY  HARDWOOD  COLOR  BY  USING 


Floor  Knamels, 
Oak,  Cticrry,  ^WetlTixit, 

"  Makes  Old  Floors  Look 


Etc. 


New."  Gives 
your  floors  a 
hard  Enamel 
Finish.  No 

trouble  to  ap- 
ply. Wears 
like  Cement. 
Dries  over 

nig-ht.  Con- 
tains no  Japan 
orShellac.Sold 
at  Drug",  Paint 
and  Depart- 
ment stores. 
60c  size  covers 
75  feet ;  $1.00 
siZG     160    feet 

IT'S   IN   THE   QUALITY."       ^^j^e  UO  Other! 

None  just  as  g-ood.     Free  Booklet  and  Sam- 
ple Card.    Write  to 


FLOOR-SHINE 

St.  lioulg.  Mo. 


CO 


Use  "  Transparknt  "  Floor-Shine  on 
I/inoleum  and  to  refresh  Hardwood  Floors, 
Furniture  and  Woodwork. 

For  sale  in  lyos  Ang-eles  by  A.  Hamburg-er 
&  Sons,  People's  Store,  Upholstering-  Dep't. 


Beautiful  Bust 

Guaranteed. 

CORSIQIE  positively 
fills  out  all  hollow  and 
-.crawny  places,  de- 
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fect shape  to  the 
^  whole       form 

wherever     de- 
ficient. 


GUARANTEED 
TO 


DEVELOP 
ANY  BUST 


Corgique    positively 
enlarges    Bust.       It    is 
the     Original     French         O""  '^^''^y  Refunded. 
Form  and  Bust  Developer  and  Never  Fails. 

Send  2  cent  stamp  for  booklet  showing-  a  per- 
fectly developed  form,  with  full  instructions 
how  to  become  beautiful.    Write  to-day. 

MadameTaxis  Toilet  Co. 

63d  and  Monroe  Ave.     Dept.  12. 

Chicago,  111. 


Life  and  Sport  on 
the  Pacific  Slope 

By  Horace  Annesi^ey  Vachei.t„  au- 
thor of  "The  Procession  of  L<ife," 
"John  Charity,"  etc.  8vo,  cloth, 
fully  illustrated,  $1.50. 

Mr.  Vachell  has  spent  seventeen  years 
on  the  Pacific  Slope,  and  his  book  is 
not  only  very  readable  and  interesting, 
but  thoroughly  well  informed  and  racy 
as  well.  The  author  has  given  a  good 
deal  of  attention  to  sport,  and  some  of 
the  illustrations  are  very  striking.  In 
addition  to  the  main  part  of  the  book, 
a  supplement  gives  most  exact  figures 
and  details  about  all  matters  of  business 
in  the  Pacific  Slope.  It  is  a  most 
agreeable  and  vivacious  collection  of 
reminiscences,  well  told  anecdotes  and 
keen  observations. 

AT     Alvlv    BOOKSTORES 


DoDD,  Mead  &  Company, 
Publishers,  New  York. 


\4if 

fry 


UfDITCDC     Have    you    stories   or 


poems  to  sell?  Our 
channels  for  disposing-  of  same  bring- 
the  best  prices.  Write  for  our  free 
booklet. 

WESTERN  LITERARY  BUREAU 
Room  27,  Portland  Blook,  Chicago,  III 


&fefefefegr€^S^^«^€^^^^^^^3^^ 


^3^ 


WHOI.E  FAMIL.T 

and  your  visitors  will 
get  hours  of  enjoyment 
from  the  Number  lO 
Piuazle,  Fascinating, 
unique.  Sealed  instruc- 
tions wi:h  each.  Sent 
to  any  address  for  26c. 


EDUCATIONAI. 
COMPANY,^ 

Hartford,  C3onn. 


OPALS 


75,000 

Genuine 
Mexican 

OPALS 

For  sale  at  less  than  half  price.  We  want  an  agent  in 
every  town  and  city  in  the  U.  S.  Send  35c.  for  sarnpl* 
opal  worth  $2.    Good  agents  make  $10  a  day. 
Mexican  Opal  Co.,  607  Frost  Bldg.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
Bank  reference,  State  Loan  and  Trust  Cto. 


OUR  CLUB  list" 

For  the  convenience  of  our  subscribers,  old  and  new,  THE  LAND 
OF  SUNSHINE  has  arranged  with  a  number  of  leading  periodicals  to 
receive  and  forward  subscriptions,  When  ordered  alone,  such  subscrip- 
tions will  be  received  only  at  full  regular  prices.  In  combination  with 
a  subscription  for  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  (new  or  renewal), 
wc  are  able  to  offer  clubbing  rates  which 

WILL  SAVE  YOU  MONEY 

To  make  our  club  list  more  valuable  to  our  readers  we  give  a  very 
brief  statement  concerning  each  magazine — from  its  publishers  where 
quotation  marks  are  used;  in  other  cases  from  one  of  its  readers: 

The  Argonaut  "is  a  literary,  political  and  society  weekly,  containing-  vigorous 
American  Editorials,  striking  Short  Stories,  Art,  Music,  Drama  and  Society 
notes,  by  brilliant  writers."     San  Francisco,  $4.00  a  year. 

With  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $4.25. 

The  Dial,  **  a  semi-monthly  journal  of  Literary  criticism,  discussion  and  infor- 
mation, has  gained  the  solid  respect  of  the  country  as  a  serious  and  impartial 
journal."     Chicago,  $2.00  a  year. 

With  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $2.25.   {New  subscrip- 
tion only.) 

The  Public,  "  a  serious  paper  for  serious  people,  is  a  weekly  review  of  history 
in  the  making,  conducted  in  the  spirit  of  Jeffersonian  democracy,"  Louis  F. 
Post,  editor.     Chicago,  $1.00  a  year. 

With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $1.50. 

The  Nation  has  for  many  years  held  a  secure  place  among  the  first  half  dozen 
American  magazines.  No  serious  thinker,  once  knowing  it,  can  willingly  do 
without  it.     New  York,  $3.00  a  year. 

With  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $3.75. 

The  American  Monthly  Review  of  Reviews  "is  the  one  important  maga- 
zine in  the  world  giving  in  its  pictures,  its  text,  its  contributed  articles,  edi- 
torials and  departments,  a  comprehensive,  timely  record  of  the  world's  current 
history."     New  York,  $2.50  a  year. 

With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $3.00, 

The  Literary  Digest,  "all  the  periodicals  in  one — all  sides  of  all  important 
questions."     Weekly,  32  pages,  illustrated.     New  York,  $3.00  a  year. 
With  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $3.50. 

The  Atlantic  Monthly  "  aims  now,  as  always  hitherto,  to  give  expression  to 
the  highest  thought  of  the  whole  country."     Boston,  $4.00  a  year. 
With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $4.25. 

The  Forum — "  to  read  it  is  to  keep  in  touch  with  the  best  thought  of  the  day. 
To  be  without  it  is  to  miss  the  best  help  to  clear  thinking."  New  York,  $3.00 
a  year. 

With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $3.50. 

The  Arena  "  presents  from  month  to  month  the  ablest  thoughts  on  the  upper- 
most problems  in  the  public  mind,  discussed  by  the  most  capable  thinkers." 
New  York,  $2.50  a  year. 

With  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $2.75- 

Continued  to  next  page. 


LITERATURE 


FEASTS  OF  GOOD  READING  AT  FAMINE  PRICES. 

Rkvikw  of  Reviews  (new),  Currknt  Literaturk,  Wori^d's  Work 
and  Land  of  Sunshine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $9.50.     O UR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $4. 75. 

Cosmopolitan,  McClure's,    Review  of  Reviews  (new),   Land  of 
Sttnshine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $5.50.     O UR  CL  UB  RA  IE,  $3. 75. 

McClure's,    Review    of    Reviews    (new),  Current    Literature, 
Land  of  Sltn shine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $7.50.     O UR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $4.50. 

Lippincott's,  Review  of  Reviews   (new).   Current  Literature, 
Land  of  Sunshine. 

REG  ULAR  PRICE,  $9. 00.     O  UR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $5.50. 

Success,  Cosmopolitan,  McClure's,  World's  Work,  Land  of  Sun- 
shine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  S7.00.     OUR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $4.25. 

Public  Opinion  (new),  Success,  Review  of  Reviews  (new).  Cosmo- 
politan, Land  of  Sunshine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $8.00,     OUR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $4.00. 

Current  Literature,  McClure's,    Success,  Review  of  Reviews 
(new).  Cosmopolitan,  Land  of  Sunshine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $9.50.     OUR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $5.00, 

The  Dial,  The  Arena,  Lipincott's,  Harpers,  Land  of  Sunshine 
REGULAR  PRICE,  $12.00.     OUR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $9.00. 

Atlantic  Monthly,  Harper's,  Century,  Review  of  Reviews  (new). 
Current  Literature,  Land  of  Sunshine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $18.50.     O UR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $13.50. 

Scribner's,  The  Nation,  The  Dial   (new).  Current  Literature 
Review  of  Reviews  (new) ,  Land  of  Sunshine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $14.50.     O UR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $10.50. 

The  Argonaut,  Harper's,  Current  Literature,  Review  of  Re- 
views (new),  Land  of  Sunshine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $14.50.     O UR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $10. 00. 

St  Nicholas,  Youth's  Companion  (new),  Land  of  Sunshine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $5. 75-     O UR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $4. 75. 

If  you  do  not  find  just  the  combination  you  would  like  among-  these 
named,  write  us  just  what  you  want  and  we  will  probably  be  able 
to  name  a  satisfactory  price. 

Full  remittance  must  accomI>any  all  orders. 

The  Land  of  Sunshine  Publishing  Co., 


LI  1  uka  1  uku 


Mind,  "  the  world's  leading  magazine  of  liberal  and  advanced  thought  ...  on 
science,  philosophy,  religion,  psychology,  metaphysics,  occultism,  etc."  New 
York,  $2.00  a  year. 

With  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $2.25. 

Thk  L/Iving  Age,  "in  each  weekly  number  of  64  pages,  gives  the  most  inter- 
esting and  important  contributions  to  the  periodicals  of  Great  Britain  and  the 
Continent."     Boston,  $6.00  a  year. 

With  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $6,25. 

The  Century,  "  the  leading  periodical  of  the  world,  will  make  its  most  striking 
feature  for  1901  the  unexampled  abundance  and  variety  of  its  fiction."  New 
York,  $4.00  a  year. 

With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $4.50. 

St.  Nichoi^as — "No  one  who  does  not  see  it  can  realize  what  an  interesting  mag- 
azine it  is  and  how  exquisitely  it  is  illustrated ;  it  is  a  surprise  to  young  and 
old."     New  York,  $3.00  a  year. 

With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $3,50. 

Harper's  MonThi^y — "The  strongest  serials,  the  best  short  stories,  the  best 
descriptive  and  most  timely  special  articles,  the  keenest  literary  reviews,  and 
the  finest  illustrations  in  both  black-and-white  and  color."  New  York,  $4.00 
a  year. 

With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $4.25,      Either  Har- 
per's Bazaar  or  Harper's  Weeki^y  can  be  supplied  at  the  same  price. 

The  Wori^d's  Work — "Is  a  new  kind  of  magazine.  .  .  .  Its  articles  are  about 
practical  subjects,  living  men,  and  what  they  do  ;  our  own  country,  its  progress 
and  its  place  among  the  nations."     New  York,  $3.00  a  year.  .     , 

With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $3.25. 

L/iPPiNCOTT's  "  is  distinguished  from  all  other  magazines  by  a  complete  novel  in 
each  number,  besides  many  short  stories,  light  papers,  travel,  humor  and 
poetry  by  noted  authors."     Philadelphia,  $2.50  a  year. 

With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $2,75. 

McCi^URE'S  Magazine — "  Among  many  noticeable  features  will  be  Rudyard  Kip- 
ling's new  novel  "  Kim,"  the  best  work  he  has  ever  produced  ;  "  New  Dolly 
Dialogues,"  by  Anthony  Hope  ;  a  drama  by  Elizabeth  Stuart  Phelps-Ward,  and 
unusually  interesting  historical  articles."     New  York,  $1.00. 
With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  ofie  year  for  $1.75. 

The  Youth's  Companion,  "every  Thursday  in  the  year  for  every  member  of 
the  family."     Boston,  $1.75  a  year. 

With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $2.25.   {New  subscrip- 
tion only.) 

Modern  Cui^ture,  "a  continual  feast  tor  lovers  of  fiction,  but  fiction  is  not  the 
only  or  the  chief  attraction  of  this  magazine  to  thoughtful  readers."  Cleve- 
land, $1.00  a  year. 

With  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  Jor  $1.50. 

Success  "is  a  monthly  home  magazine  of  inspiration,  progress  and  self-help.*' 
New  York,  $1.00  a  year. 

With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $1,75. 


If  you  are  in  the  habit  of  subscribing  for  several  magazines,  the 
combination  offers  on  the  next  page  will  interest  you.  If  not,  this  is 
a  good  time  to  get  into  the  habit. 

The  Land  of  Sunshine  Publishing  Co., 

Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
Continued  to  next  page. 


FOR  WOMEN 


..WSsc^ 


SACKCLOTH 

IS 
WORN  IN  DISTRESS. 


How  often  we  hear  the  combination, 
"  Sackcloth  and  Ashes." 

It  is  most  appropriate. 

When  the  g-ood  housewife  removes  the 
ashes  she  is  in  physical  distress. 

She  is  mortified  at  the  dust  and  dirt  re- 
sulting- from  such  an  operation,  and  sin- 
cerely mourns  the  loss  of  g-arments,  cleanli- 
ness and  temper. 

Oft  times  hot  ashes  cause  housekeepers  to 
mourn  the  loss  of  homes. 

Ashes  were  placed  in  a  wooden  recep- 
tacle, or  a  stray  spark  dropped.  The  fire, 
men  g-enerally  arrive  in  time  to  save  the 
cellar. 

Use  GAS  for  fuel  and  escape  this. 

GAS  STOVES  sold  at  cost. 

Installments  of  $1.00  per  month,  if  pre- 
ferred. 

LOS  ANGELES  LIGHTING  CO. 

Gas  is  the  cheapest  fuel. 


w£  HMc  A  6A&&r«ve 


SEND  NO  MONEY-but 

order  any  of  our  8ewln|p  MaehlncB  sent  C.  O.  D..  on  30 
days'  trial.  If  you  don't  find 
.them  superior  to  any  other 
offered  at  the  same  or  higher 
prices  or  are  dissatisfied  for 
any  reason,  return  them  at  our 
expense  and  we  refund  your 
money  and  freight  charges.  For 
>.50  we  can  sell  you  a  better 
machine  than  those  advertised 
elsewhere  at  higher  price,  but  we 
would  rather  sel  1  you  better  Quality 
_and  «Ive  Satlsfaetion.  Our  ele- 
' gant  Arllnictoii  Jewel, drop  head, 
$18.50.  Our  No.  9  Ball  Itearlnir  ArlinKton,  5  drawer, 
drop  head,  $15.45.  Write  for  large  illustrated  cata- 
logue FR££.|  CASH  BUYERS'  UNION,  (Inc.) 
158-164  W.  Van  Buren  St.,  B-45».  Chicago 


W 


ILL  develop  or  reduce 
any  part  of  the  body 

A  Perfect  Complexion  Beantifler 
and 

Remover  of  Wrinkles 

Dr.  John  Wilson  GIbbs' 

THE  ONLY 

Electric  Massage  Roller 

(Patent«d  Unit«d  States,  Europe, 
Canada.) 
"  Kb  work  is  not  confined  to  the 
T.    J    M    w  o        4.      A        ''"•  »lone,  but  will  do  good  to  any 
Trade-Mark  Registered.       part  of  the  body  to  which  it  is  ap- 
plied, developing  or  reducing  as  desired.      It  is  a  very  pretty 
addition  to  the  toilet-table."— Chicago  Tribune. 

"This  delicate  Electric  Beautifler  remoyei  all  facial  blemishes. 
It  is  the  only  positive  remover  of  wrinkles  and  crow's-feet.  It 
never  fails  to  perform  all  that  is  expected." — Chisago  Times- 
Herald. 

"The  Electric  Roller  is  certainly  productive  of  good  results. 
I  believe  it  the  best  of  any  appliances     It  is  safe  and  effective ." 
— HaaaiiT  HuBBAan  Ana,  New  York  World. 

For  Massage  and  Curative  Purposes 

An  Electric  Roller  in  all  the  term  implies.  The  invention  of  a 
physician  and  electrician  known  throughout  this  country  and 
Europe.  A  most  perfect  complexion  beautifler.  Will  remove 
wrinkles,  "crow's-feet"  (premature  or  from  age),  and  all  facial 
blemishes— POSITIVE.  Whenever  electricity  is  to  be  used  tor 
massaging  or  curative  purposes,  it  has  no  equal.  No  charging. 
Will  last  forever.  Always  ready  for  use  on  ALL  PARTS  OF  THE 
BODY,  for  all  diseases.  For  Rheumatism,  Sciatica,  Neuralgia, 
Nervous  and  Circulatory  Diseases,  a  specific  The  professional 
standing  of  the  inventor  (you  are  referred  to  the  public  press 
for  the  past  fifteen  years),  with  the  approval  of  this  eountry 
and  Europe,  is  a  perfect  guarantee.  PRICE  :  Gold,  $4  00, 
Silver,  $8.00.  By  mail,  er  at  office  of  Qibbs'Company,  1870 
BaoAowAT,  Naw  ToBE.    Circular  free .  ju-   Onlv 

Electric  Roller. 
^>//]HI         All  others 

to  called  are 

Fraudulent 

Imitations. 


Copyright. 
"Can  take  a  pound  a 
day  off  a  patient,  or  put 
it  on." — New  Tork  Sun, 
Aug.  80,  1801.  Send  for 
lecture  on  "Oreat  Sub- 
ject of  Fat."    NO  DIKING.    NO  HARD  WORK.    [Copyright. 

Dr.  John  Wilson  GIbbs'  Obesity  Cure 
For  the  Permanent  Reduction  and  Cure  of  Obesity 

Purely  Vegetable.  Harmless  and  Positive.  NO  FAILURE.  Your 
reduction  is  assured— reduced  to  stay.  One  month's  treatment 
16.00.  Mail,  or  office,  1870  Broadway,  New  York.  "Onobeeity, 
Dr.  Gibbs  is  a  recognized  authority.— N.  Y.  Press,  1899." 

REDUCTION  GUARANTEED. 

"The  cure  is  based  on  Nature's  laws."— New  York  Herald. 
July  9,  1898. 


Established  1869. 

COSTS  NOTHING  TO  TRY 

Send  postal  for  free  sample  of  Norny's 

Fruit  Preserving  Powder. 

zan£  norny  &  co., 

P.  O.  Box  868.  Philadelphia,  I'a. 


"DON'T  GAP" 


The  only  per- 
fect device  for 
holdingr  the 
skirt  and  waist 
together.  Every  woman  that  sees  it  will  buy 
one  or  more.  Live  agrents  wanted,  male  or 
female.  Sells  for  25c.  Salesman's  complete 
outfit  free.     SUPERIOR  CO.,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 


LADIES  !  Send  10  cents  for  dozen  "Little  Beauty" 
Pins.  Sure  to  please  or  money  refunded.  Em- 
press Co.,  Dept.  P.,  Box  1481,  Boston,  Mass. 


S:5a^ 


IVllO  V^Cl-JU^iN  CXJ  U  O 


SCHOOL 
OF 


NURSING 


INSTRUCTION  BY  MAIL  ONLY. 


A  thorough  and  complete  course  of  study.  You 
can  become  a  trained  nurse  by  studying  in  your 
leisure  hours  at  home.  We  furnish  everything. 
Handsome  Diploma  when  you  graduate.  Ex- 
perienced teachers.  Long  established.  Students 
all  pleased  and  successful.  Moderate  fees.  Write 
for  catalogue,  which  is  sent  free. 

National  Correspondence  School  of  Nars- 
ingf.  Masonic  Temple;  Minneapolis, 
Minn. 


25  SHEETS 


of  Fine  Note  Paper,  25  En- 
velopes to  match,  pencil, 
penholder  and  pen,  all  for  15  cents.  Address, 
P.  W.  France,  Roaring-  Springr,  Pa. 


OnVI  r>  for  our  latest  lists  on  "  MANY 
OCI^L/  HOUSEHOLD  and  JEWELRY 
NOVELTIES."  Buy  direct  from  us  and  save 
big-  money.  Address,  with  stamp,  AMERICAN 
MAIL  ORDER  HOUSE,  Room  2135,  Park  Row 
Bldg-.,  New  York. 


We 

sell 


ilflGRANULATEDSlOO 

4lJlbs.  SUGAR  ^h 

It  h  ot  iier  groceries  and  nidse.at  cut  prices^aln- 
able  formulas  free  to  new  customers.  Send  eight 
2-ct. stamps  for  our  catalogue  detailing  our  big  bar- 
gains A  how  to  order.  We  rebate  16-cts.onfirstgro- 
eery  order  so  catalogue  costs  vou  nothing.    Big 

Af ««(? V/01.4 </«!<«.  •< -J .W A RUK N  M ERC A NTILE 00. 

Importers  aud  Jobbers.  CHICAUO.  ILL. 


JROYAL 
INHALER 

I  {Moist  Medicated  Air.)  \ 

5  Kills  the  *?erms  of,   and  cures  all  Tliroat  { 
^  aud  IjUiig  Troubles  and  Catarrh  also  ' 

I  CONSUMPTION  I 

I  AND  I 

I  TUBERCULOSIS  \ 

5  in  the  early  .stages  and  affords  relief  and  J 
i  rest  in  the  more  aggravated  cases;.  ' 

\    ROYAL  BUILDUP   \ 

>  BiilldM    lip     tlio    wante    tlH»iiOM    and  ■ 
y:lv«'M  fiitr<>u{>;tli*    Try   them   aud  recover  ¥ 

your  health.  € 

Inliaior  sufficient  for  CO  days $1.00  i 

Extra  Solution  sufficient  for  180  days.    1.00  4 

Buildup  sufficient  for  .30  days 1.00  J 

i  Or  sent  express    paid   any   office   in   United  J 
i  States  for  .$1.2.")  eacl>.  t 

i  Sold  by  drug  and  stipply  houses  and  by  the  J 
i  manufacturers.  J 

;       ROYAL  INHALER  MFG.  CO.,      { 
(30-36  La  Salle  St.,      Chicago,  III.  ^ 

*^^p^fr^p^%^^^^n.^  ir^U^^^^v  tf^^iu^ir*  ■.»k^«*«  *  iTM*  tf^iT^tf^ir* 


Rock  Island 
Route 


EXGIirSlOIll) 

EAST 


Leave  Lo.s  Ang-eles  every  Tuesday,  Friday  and 
Saturday,  via  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  "Scenic 
Line,"  and  by  the  popular  Southern  Route  every 
Thursday.  Low  rates  ;  quick  time  ;  competent 
manag-ers  ;  Pullman  upholstered  cars  ;  union 
depot,  Chicago.  Our  cars  are  attached  to  the 
"  Boston  and  New  York  Special,"  via  Lake 
Shore,  New  York  Central  and  Boston  &  Albany 
Railways. 

For  maps,  rates,  etc.,  call  on  or  address 

T.  J.  CLARK,  Gen'l  Agt.  Pass.  Dept., 
237  South  Spring  St.  Los  Angeles. 

Personally  Conducted 


Merchants  Transfer  Co, 


s 


25c.  AND  35c. 

to  all  parts  of 
the  city. 


Hold    your    Bag^gage    Cherks    until    you 
caa  phone  us. 

ARNOLD    HOLST,     PROP. 

122  N.  Broadway,  Los  Angeles,  CaL 

Phone  James  33^6 


MUSICAL  PARLOR  CLOCK 

To  successfully  introduce  our  Eagle 
Havana  Cigars  in  every  county,  reliahle 
persons  furnished  FKEE  a  MUSICAL 
PA  K LOR  CLOCK.  The  clock  is  best 
American,  runs  eight  days  with  one 
winding,  strikes  hours  and  half  hours, 
has  Winsted  onyx  case,  with  gilt  orna- 
ments, is  17  inches  long.  This  CLUCK 
plays  automatically  and  produces 
charming  selections,  trom  o|.eras  to  pop- 
ular songs  or  hymns,  and  sells  as  high 
as  125  To  every  person  sending  us  bUc 
and  names  of  six  cigar  smokers  we  will 
ship,  prepaid  free  of  all  charges,  se- 
curely packed,  our  PKKMiUM  MUSICAL 
OFKEK  and  a  sample  box  of  uur  Eagle 

Eagle  Mfg. Co.  21  John  SUN. Y. 


Cigars,  full  site 


JOHN     BLOESER 


Telephone  Main  427  Office,  456  S.  Broadway 


Hummel  Bros.  &  Co.  furnish  best  help.    300  W.  Secood  St.    Tel.  Main  509 


TRANSPORTATION 


Sunset  limited 


THREE 
TIMES  A 
WEEK..., 


NEW  ORLEANS,  WASHINGTON,  PHILADELPHIA,  NEW  YORK, 
BOSTON,  CHICAGO,  AND  ALL  PRINCIPAL  EASTERN  CITIES. 


Leaves  Los  Angeles,  East-bound,  at  8:00  a.m., 

on  Tuesdays,  Thursdays  and  Saturdays. 
Leaves    New    Orleans,  West-bound,  at   10:45 
a.m.,  on  Mondays,  Thursdays  and  Satur- 
days. 
THE  FASTEST  LONG  DISTANCE 
TRAIN  IN  THE  WORLD 

Southern  Pacific  Company^ 

G.  W.  LUCE,  Asst.  Gen.  Frt. 

and  Pass.  Agent,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


EQUIPMENT 


Composite  observation  car 
(smoking-  and  reading-  apart- 
ment with  library,  easy 
chairs,  writing  desk,  buffet, 
barber  shop  and  bath) ; 
ladies'  compartment  car 
(seven  compartments  and 
ladies'  observation  parlor 
with  library  and  escritoire- 
maid  in  attendance) ;  a  state- 
room-section car  (six  sec- 
tions, three  staterooms  and 
a  drawing-room),  a  Pullman 
standard  sleeper  (fourteen 
sections  and  drawing--room) 
and  a  diner  (the  best  in  food, 
service   and   appointments). 


•••••••• ••• •••••••• •••••••• •••••••••••••••• •••••••• •••••••• •••••••• •••••••••••• •••••••• • •••••••• •••••••• ••• 

I   THE   LOS   ANGELES -PACIFIC    RAILWAY 

The  Delightful  Scenic  Route 

...To  Santa  cMonica 

And  HoUyzvood 

Fine,  Comfortable  Observation  Cars  Free  from  Smoke,  etc 

Cars  leave  Fourth  street  and  Broadway,  Los  Angeles,  for  Santa  Monica  via.  Sixteenth  street, 
every  half  hour  from  6:38  a.m.  to  8:35  p.m.,  then  each  hour  till  11:36 ;  or  via  Believue  Ave.  for 
Colegrove  and  Sherman,  every  hour  from  6:15  a  m.  to  11:15  p.m.,  returning  from  Santa  Monica 
every  thirty  to  sixty  minutes  from  5:50  a.m.  to  10:40  p.m.  Cars  leave  Ocean  Park,  Santa 
Monica,  at  5:50  and  6:20  a.m.  and  every  half  hour  thereafter  till  7:40  p.m.,  thereafter  at  8:40,  9:40 
and  10:40. 

Cars  leave  Los  Angeles  for  Santa  Monica  via.  Hollywood,  and  Sherman  via.  Believue  Ave. 
every^hour  from  6:45  a.m.  to  11:45  p.m. 

For  complete  time  table  and  particulars  call  at  ofl&ce  of  company, 

316-322    WEST    FOURTH    STREET,    LOS    ANGELES 

TROLLEY  PARTIES  BY  DAY  OR  NIGHT  A  SPECIALTY. 


DINNER  SET 


FREE 


for  selling  24  boxes  Salvona  Soaps  or  bottles  Salvona  Perfumes.  To  in 
troduce  our  Soaps  and  Perfumes,  we  give  free  to  every  purchaser  of  a 
box  or  bottle,  a  beautiful  cut  glass  pattern  10-inch  fruit  bowl,  or  choice  of 
many  other  valuable  articles.  To  the  agent  who  sells  24  boxes  soap  we 
give  our  50-piece  Dinner  Set,  full  size,  handsomely  decorated  and  gold 
lined.  We  also  give  Curtains,  Conches,  Rockers,  Sportlne  Goods,  ^ewine  Machines,  Parlor  Lamps,  Musical 
Instruments  of  all  kinds  and  many  other  premiums  for  selling  Salvona  Soaps  and  Perfumes.  We  allow  you  15  days 
to  deliver  goods  and  collect  for  them.  We  give  cash  commission  if  desired.  No  money  required.  Write  to-day 
for  oiur  handsome  illustrated  catalogue  free.    SALVONA  SOAP  CO.,    Second  «fc  Locust  Sts.,    ST.  LOUIS,  MO. 


TRANSPORTATION 


Just  a  little  better  than  any 
other  train — a  little  better 
service — a  more  home-like 
feeling  on  the 


California 
Limited 


than    you    find    elsewhere^ 
and  it  runs  like  this: 


Leaves  Los  Angeles 

6:00  p.  m.,  Mon.  Tues.  Wed*  Thurs.  Frx.  Sat.  Sun. 

Arrives  Chicago 

2:15  p.  m.,  Thurs.  Frx.  Sat.  Sun.  Mon.  Tucs.  Wed. 

66  hours  to  Chicago 
on  the 


Santa  Fe. 


0 


CEANIC  S.  S.  CO,-ltONOLlLl 
APIA,  AUCKLAND  and  SYDNEY 


HONOLULU 


5AM0A,T^'Ht. 

NEW  ZEALAND, 
AUSTRALIA. 


IcemiicStim^pS 

(SPRCCKCt*   LlM«) 

y  Stonier  ItetUkWoiMiidstftehcat 

iu  South  Sea  Islands. 

'>•  SPKUL  RITES 
fOB  maauvt  tmn  r»tam  m 

'HilWAU..SAM(M.FUI,tM<m.  CTC 


Send  10  cents  postag^e  for 
" Trip  to  Hawaii"  with  fine 

Shotographic  illustrations. 
)  cents  for  new  edition  of 
same/with  beautiful  colored  plate  illustrations  ; 
20  cents  postage  for  "  Talo/a,  Summer  Sail  to 
South  Seas,'*  also  in  colors,  to  Ocbanic  S.  S.  Co., 
643  Market^St.,  San  Francisco. 

Through  steamers  sail  to  Honolulu 
three  times  a  month  ;  to  Samoa,  New 
Zealand  and  Sydney,  via  Honolulu, 
every  three  weeks. 

Steamer  Australia  makes  round  trip 
every  thirty-three  days  to  Tahiti. 

J.  D.  SPRECKELS  &  BROS.  CO., 
643  Market  Street,  San  Francisco. 

HUGH  B.  BICS,  Agent, 

230  S.  Spring:  St.,  liOg  Ang^eles,  Cal. 


Pacific  Coast  Steamship  Co. 


The  company's  elegrant  steam- 
ers leave  as  follows  : 


FOR  SAN  FRANCISCO, 

calling-  only  at  Redondo,  Port 

Los  Ansreles  and  Santa 

Barbara. 


Leave  REDONDO.  SANTA  ROSA  and 
QUEEN,  Wednesdays  and  Saturdays,  8  a.m. 

Leave  PORT  LOS  ANGELES.  SANTA  ROSA 
and   QUEEN,  Wednesdays   and     Saturdays, 

11:30  a.m. 

Arrive  at  San  Francisco  Thursdays  and  Sun- 
days, 1  p.m. 

Leave  SAN  PEDRO.  CORONA  and  BONITA, 
Sundays  and  Thursdays,  6:25  p.m. 

Leave  EAST  SAN  PEDRO.  CORONA  and 
BONITyk,  Sundays  and  Thursdays,  6:30  p.m. 

FOR  SAN  DIEGO. 


Leave  PORT  LOS  ANGELES.  SANTA  ROSA 
and  QUEEN,  Mondays  and  Thursdays,  4  p.m. 

Leave  REDONDO.  SANTA  ROSA  and 
QUEEN,  Mondays  and  Thursdays,  8  p.m. 

Due  at  San  Diegro  Tuesdays  and  Fridays,  6  a.m. 


The  company  reserves  the  rig-ht  to  chang-e 
steamers,  sailing-  days,  and  hours  of  sailing-, 
without  previous  notice. 

W.  PARRIS,  Afirent,  124  West  Second  St.,  Los 
Angeles.  GOODALL,  PERKINS  &  CO.,  Gen- 
eral Ag-ents,  San  Francisco. 


or 

Solid 
/   ^mfort^ 


on 


Solid  Trains 


BETWEEN 
NEW  YORK  OR 
PHILADELPHIA 
AND  CHICAGO  VIA 

NIAGARA 

FALLS 


S\i|>ci1,>.-- 

Trains  ^i 
ThroMgtk^ 


Direct  RoviteToThe 

PanAmeriovn  Exposition 

BUFFALO 

or 

gbod  neadlmg'of  Ihegbodly  w£^ 
send  four  cents  postagfe 

r«         Cmas.  S.Lee 

Generd  P^sserv^er  Agt. 
NewVork 

MENTION    THIS    PUBLICATION 


It's  All  in  the  Lens 


II-R.    $10. 


TIRST,  let  us  call  your  attention  to  the  cele- 
brated Korona  Cameras,  made  by  the  Gund- 
lach  Optical  Company,  of  Rochester.  This  is 
a  splendid  instrument,  as  are  all  the  cameras 
made  by  this  concern.  It  is  up-to-date,  has  the 
new  shutter  with  iris  diaphragm,  a  fine  Gundlach 
lens,  good  finder,  is  arranged  for  time,  bulb  or 
instantaneous  exposures,  and  is  equipped  with  an 
ingenious  ground  glass  focussing  plate  at  the  back, 
which  does  away  with  the  need  for  a  cloth.  Each 
camera  is  supplied  with  a  fine  carrying  case,  which 
is  large  enough  to  contain  three  plate  holders,  besides  the  camera.  One  plate 
::()lder  is  sent  free  with  each  camera.  The  whole  weighs  only  two  pounds.  In  a 
word,  this  is  a  complete  modern  camera,  having  all  the  latest  improvements, 
the  best  v^e  know  anywhere  in  the  country  at  the  price,  which  is  ten  dollars. 
For  the  purpose  of  introducing  ourselves  to  a  lot  of  new  customers,  we 
make  the  following  unprecedented  offer: 

$IO  WORTH  OF  MAGAZINES  AND  BOOKS  FREE. 

lo   anyone   who  will   send   us   $io,   the   regular  price  of  the  camera,  we  will  send  at 
once  the  camera  described  above,  and  also  we  will  send  the  following  absolutely  free  . 


Harper's  Weekly,^|i,'^X,t?hl:      $2. 

Pearson's  Magazine,  i  year,  may  be  substituted. 

World's  Work,  l  Year,      -      =      3. 

The  Review  of  Reviews  (new)  may  be  substituted. 

Public  Opinion,  f^^r^^J^i     "    2. 

The  Delineator  or  McClure's  may  be  substituted. 
Success,  1  Year,         --      =      =       /. 


QQ  WeOlveXhls 

00 
50 


$10i 

Worth  of 

Magazines 

QQ  \  and  Books 

so'  FREE. 

may  be  selected: 

By  Gilbert^Parker 

-     By  Ellen  Glasgow 

Joel  Chandler  Harris 

By  Alfred  Ollivant 

By  Mary  E.  Wilkins 

WriDI  n'^  WORI^  18  a  monthly  maBazine       pilRI  \C  OPINION  '^    ^    82-page    weekly 
WUKLU  a   WURIV  i„  ^^,,,i,.,,  ,^,e  world's       rL/DL,IC  uriniun  ,„a^azlne.     8000  week- 


Any  One  $1.50  Book  ^uf.Sow,' 

Any  one  of  the  following  recent  copyrighted  volumes 
THE  LANE  THAT  HAS  NO  TURNING,     - 
THE  VOICE  OF  THE  PEOPLE,      -        -        -        - 
ON  THE  WING  OF  OCCASIONS,       -        -        -    By 

BOB,  SON  OF  BATTLE, 

THE  HEART'S  HIGHWAY, 


•urrent  history  is  made  as  fasttiiiatiiiK  as  rom- 
ance. It  Kives  over  mio  pages  and  many  illus- 
trations yearly.    9S.OO  H  your. 


lies  and  dailies  are  required  to  produce  one 
copy  of  I'uhly  optnioii.    It  is  the  one  Indls- 


pensible  weekly. 


.SO  n  yenr. 


QlirrP^^  18  one  of  the  Rreatest  magazines  of  the  age.  It  has  gained  250,000  subscribers  in 
oUWVCOo  three  years,  and  should  l)e  taken  in  every  .\merioan  home.  It  is  issued  monthly,  is 
iiiagnittcently  illustrated,  and  has  l>eautiful  cover  in  colors.    Roflruliir  price.  91.00n  year. 

ROR    THIRTY     DAYS    ONLY. 

This  offer  will  not  be  good  after  May  i.  .\ny  orders  that  arrive  after  May  i  wre  will 
try  to  hll,  but  we > may  have  to  return  the  money.  So  write  quickly.  Write  the 
( iundlach  Optical  Co.,  of  Rochester,  N.  V.,  for  a  description  of  the  camera.  You  can  have 
ciich  magazine  or  book  sent  to  a  different  address  if  you  like.    Address  all  orders  to 

OAAIERA    SLJRPL,Y    CO.,    Box   «,        Rochester,   IN.  Y. 

You  need  have  no  hesitation  in  sending  us  money  (checks  accepted).  We  reter  to 
any  of  the  Magazines  mentioned  above,  or  to  the  (iundlach  Optical  Co.,  and  Merchant's 
National  Bank  of  Rochester,  as  to  our  responsibility.  If  you  wish  to  see  the  camera  be- 
fore you  buy,  send  one  dollar,  we  will  send  the  camera  C.  O.  D.,  with  privilege  of  exam- 
ination. If  you  like  it,  pay  the  express  company  the  balance,  nine  dollars 
and  express  charges,  and  write  us  what  magazmes  and  books  you  want. 
New  subscriptions  only  accepted  to  Public  Opinion  and  Review  of  Reviews. 


/r  TT  'S^ 


MISCELLANEOUS 


for  Your  Pet  Negative 

There  is    a  Perfection  and   Quality  about  the   Famous 

BRADLEY    PLATINUM    PAPER 

which  justly  makes  k  ^^  Without  a  Rival/'  It  bears  the 
maker's  guarantee^  and  is  sold  only  by  first-class  dealers 
in  photo  supplies,  which  is  a  double  gtiarantee.    ^  ^  ^ 

Manufactured  only  by 

JOHN    BRADLEY,    Chemist,    PHILADELPHIA 


Sturtevant's  Camp.... 

OPEN 


to  campers  and  vis- 
itors. 


Ten  miles  from 
Sierra  Madre  by 
an  easy  and  sce= 
nic  burro  trail. 


The  Camp  is  by  the 
side  of  pure  waters, 
in  the  heart  of 
the  forest-covered 
mountains. 

'  Board  for  two,  including-  furnished  tent,  $14.00  a  week.    Board  and  furnished  tent  for 
one,  $8.00  a  week.    Furnished  tents,  etc.,  for  rent  without  board. 

For  further  information  secure  booklet  in  advertising-  rack  of  any  Los  Ang-eles  Hotel, 
or  call  at  Tourists'  Information  Bureau,  207  W.  Third  St.,  Los  Ang-eles,  or  at  Morg-an's 
Stables,  44  S.  Raymond  Ave.,  Pasadena, 
or  Phone  Main  31,  Sierra  Madre. 


W.  M.  STURTEVANT 


Creates  a    Perfect   Complexion 
Mrs.  Graham's 


Cucumber  and  Elder 


Flower  Cream 


■  It  cleanses,  whitens  and  beautifies  the  skin, 
feeds  and  nourishes  skin  tissues,  thus  banish- 
ing" wrinkles.  It  is  harmless  as  dew,  and  as 
nourishing-  to  the  skin  as  dew  is  to  the  flower. 
Price  $1.00  at  druggists  and  agents,  or  sent 
anywhere  prepaid.  Sample  bottle,  10  cents. 
A  handsome  book,  "  How  to  be  Beautiful," 
free. 


GROWER 


MRS.    GRAHAM'S    CACTICO     HAIR 

TO    MAKC    HIS    HAIR   OROW,    AND 

QUICK    HAIRHRESTORER 

TO    RC8TORC  THE   COLOR. 

Both  fiTuaranteed  harmless  as  water.  Sold  by  best  Drug^gigts,  or  sent  in  plain  sealed  wrapper  by 
express,  prepaid.    Price,  SI. 00  each.    For  sale  by  all  Druffgists  and  Hairdealers. 

Send  for  FBIIE  BOOK:  '"A  Confidential  Chat  with  Bald  Headed,  Thin  Haired  and  Gray  Haired 
Men  and  Women."    Good  Ag-ents  wanted. 

BEDINGTON  &  CO.,  San  Francisco,  Gen.  Pacific  Coast  Agents. 

MBS.  GKRVAISF  GRAHAM,  1261  Michigan  Ave.,  Chicago. 
MRS.   WBAVER-JACRSON,   Hair  Stores  and  Toilet   Parlors,   318  S.  Spring  St.,   I-os  An- 
geles.   S9  Fair  Oaks  Ave.,  cor.  Green  St.,  Pasadena. 


A  PERFECT  FOOD 

"',  BAKEtfS 

CHOCOLATE 


W  COSTS 
lESS  THAN  ONE 
CENT A CLP 


EXAMINE  TTIEPACKACt 
YOU  RECEIVE 

^AND  MAKE  SURE  THAT 
IT  BEARS  OUR 
TRADE  MARK 


TRADE-MARK 


WALTER  BAKER^COLimited 

ESTABLISHED  I7&0      DORCHESTER. MASS 
COLD  MEDAL,  PARIS   1900. 


W^^ 


^  THlJs^lLDEST    TRIBE 

TAMING    FREE     BIRDS 
TALES    IN    THE    PATIO 


Vol.  XIV,  No, 


Richly 

Illustrated 


CALIFORNIA  AND  THE  WEST 

EDITED  BY  CHAS.  F.  LUMMIS 


>; 
> 
> 


The  great  lick  telescope  at  mt.  Hamilton. 


AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA^ 


"Who  steals  my  purse 
steals  trash; 

But  he  that  filches  from 
me  my  grood  name  makes 
me  poor  indeed." 

—Shakespeare. 


KNOXS  GELATINE 

Knox  is  spelled  K-N-O-X 

Don't  be  deceived  by  spurious  imitations  which  flood  the  market 
KNOX'S  GELATINE  has  the  largest  sale  in  the  United  States,  and  was 
started  only  eleven  years  ago.  It  has  staggered  its  competitors  by  its 
honest  and  rapid  growth.  People  will  have  the  best — and  I  mean  them 
to  know  which  make  it  is,  and  to  warn  them  against  attempted  fraud. 

I  WII  I  M  Afl  FPFP  "^y  ^°°^  ^^  seventy  "  Dainty  Desserts  for  Dainty  People,"  if  you  will  send  the  nam* 
'  ""  It-L*  iTlrilL,  1  lyLwlw  of  yourgrocer.  If  you  can't  do  this,  send  a  2-cent  stamp.  For  5c.  in  stamps,  the  book  an<i 
full  pint  sample  for  15c.  the  book  and  full  two-quart  package  (two  loi  ^50.).  Each  large  package  contains  pink  color  fcH 
fancy  desserts.     A  laigt  package  ol  Knox's  Oelatine  will  make  two  quarts  (a  half  gallon)  of  jelly. 


CHARLE3  B.  KNOX, 


23  Knox  Avenue,  Johnstown,  N.  Y. 


YOSEMITE  VALIEY 

The  Most  Unique  and  Stupendous 
Feature  of  the  World. 

Visit  the  Valley  early.  The  marvelous  cliffs  and 
domes  and  wonderful  waterfalls  are  viewed  from 
the  floor  of  the  Valley,  or  are  easy  of  nearer  ap- 
proach by  well-built  trails  constructed  by  the  State. 
Yosemite  is  not  a  (floomy  chasm,  but  a  lovely 
mountain  park  accessible  in  every  part  and  replete 
with  interesting  and  bc^autiful  objects.  The  Mari- 
lH)su  (irove  of  Bifir  Trees  are  visited  on  route  to 
Yosemite.  The  irrove  numbers  upwards  of  four 
hun<lred  trees,  from  twenty  to  thirty-four  feet  in 
diameter  and  three  hundred  feet  hijfh. 

To  and  from  the  Valley  stop  a  few  days  at 

WAWONA— THE    BEAUTIFUL. 

Probably  no  other  mountain  resort  can  offer  so 
many  and  varied  attractions  an  Wawona.  There  is 
the  hotel  itself,  its  beautiful  surroundinirs,  the  op- 
{>ortunitieH  for  huntinif  and  fishinu-,  the  walk«  and 
drives.  A  vacation  can  be  silent  at  Wawona  Hotel 
with  every  comfort  and  pleasure. 

Any  aifcnt  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Company 
will  make  reservation  and  (five  you  full  particulars, 
or  call  on  or  addreHs 

A.  K.  Pknpibld,  Passenirer  Aarent, 
261  South  Sprinjr  St.  Los  Anoreles,  Cal. 


MISCELLANEOUS. 


SiJ/T)fr)er  Suit5 

Let  us  remind  you  that  we  are  ready  to  show 
you  not  only  the  larg^est  but  the  most  ex- 
clusively stylish  assortment  that  the  swell 
dressers  of  the  city  ever  approved.  Flannel 
suits  that  are  simply  eleg^ant,  half  a  hundred 
styles  and  colors,  stripes,  plain  and  mixed 
effects — some  are  lined,  but  most  unlined. 
Surely  if  you  cannot  be  suited  here,  no  one 
could  suit  you.   We  have  everything-  in  every 

size.  FlyANNKI/   COATS   AND   PANTS. 

$8.50,  $10.00,  $12,00,  $13.50,  $15.00,  $16.00. 

/fuller)  0  Bluett  Qlotl^ir}^  Qo., 

N.  W.  cor.  First  and  Spring-  Sts.,  Los  Ang-eles. 


OIL  LANDS      INVESTMENTS    oil  stocks 

We  g-ive  our  entire  time  to  this  business,  and  offer  you  the  best  advice  reg-arding-  the  different 
oil  investments.    Prompt  attention  to  all  mail  orders. 

R.  Y.  CAMPTON,  234  Laughlin  BIdg.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.     ^^^^3 


A  DIFFERENT  CALIFORNIA 

Are  all  your  ideas  of  California  correct? 
You  may  not  know,  for  instance,  that  in 
Fresno  and  Kings  Counties,  situate  in  the 
noted  San  Joaquin  Valley,  is  to  be  found 
one  of  the  richest  tracts  of  land  in  the  State. 
60,000  acres  of  theLag-iinadeTaclie 
grant  for  sale  at  $30  to  $46  per  acre,  in- 
cluding Free  Water  Kijirht,  at  G2}4 
cents  per  acre  annual  rental  (the  cheapest 
water  in  California).  Send  your  name  and 
address,  and  receive  the  local  newspaper 
free  for  two  months,  and  with  our  circulars  added  you  may  learn  some- 
thing of  this  different  California. 

Address  NARES  &  SAUNDERS,  Managers, 

Branch  Office:  LATON,  FRESNO  CO,,  CAL. 

1840  Mariposa  St.,  Fresno,  Cal. 

Or  C.  A.  HUBBRT,  207  W.  Third  St..  Los  Angeles,  Cal.  .S^ 

TOURIST  INFORMATION  BUREAU,  10  Montgomery  St.,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  1^- 

NARES,  ROBINSON  &  BLACK,  Winnipeg,  Man.,  Canada.  Mk 

SAUNDERS,  MUELLER  &  CO.,  EmmetsBurg,  Iowa.  ^• 

C.  A.  HUBERT,  950  Fifth  St.,  San  Diego,  Cal.  ^- 


nufflmei  Bros.  &  Co.,  Largest  Employmeat  Agency.    300  W.  Second  St     TeL  Main  509 


The  Land  of  Sunshine 

(incorporated)    capital  stock  150,000 

The  Magazine  of  California  and  ttie  West 

EDITED  BY  CHAS.  F.  LUMMIS 

The  Only  Exclusively  Western  Magazine 


AMONG   THE   STOCKHOLDERS   AND   CONTRIBUTORS   ARE  : 


DAVID  STARR  JORDAN 

President  of  Stanford  University. 

FREDERICK  STARR 

Chicag-o  University. 

THEODORE  H.  HiTTELIv 

The  Historian  of  California. 

MARY  HAIylvOCK  FOOTE 

Author  of  "The  L,ed-Horse  Claim,"  etc. 

MARGARET  COLLIER  GRAHAM 

Author  of  "  Stories  of  the  Foothills." 

GRACE  ELIvERY  CHANNING 

Author  of  "  The  Sister  of  a  Saint,"  etc. 
ELLA  HIGGINSON 

Author  of  "  A  Forest  Orchid,"  etc. 

JOHN  VANCE  CHENEY 

Author  of  "Thistle  Drift,"  etc. 

CHARLES  WARREN  STODDARD 

The  Poet  of  the  South  Seas. 

INA  COOLBRITH 

Author  of  "  Sonfir s  from  the  Golden  Gate,"  etc. 
EDWIN  MARKHAM 

Author  of  "  The  Man  With  the  Hoe." 

JOAQUIN  MILLER 

The  Poet  of  the  Sierras. 

CHAS.  FREDERICK  HOLDER 

Author  of  "The  Life  of  Agrassiz,"  etc. 

CONSTANCE  GODDARD  DU  BOIS 
Author  of  "The  Shield  of  the  Fleur  de  Lis." 


WILLIAM  KEITH 

The  firreatest  Western  Painter. 

DR.  WASHINGTON  MATTHEWS 

Ex-Pres.  American  Folk-Lore  Society. 

GEO.  PARKER  WINSHIP 

The  Historian  of  Coronado's  Marches. 

FREDERICK  WEBB  HODGE 

of  the  Bureau  of  Ethnolog-y,  Washinirtou. 
GEO.  HAMLIN  FITCH 

Literary  Editor  S.  F.  "Chronicle." 

CHARLOTTE  PERKINS  STETSON 

Author  of  "  In  This  Our  World." 
CHAS.  HOWARD  SHINN 

Author  of  "  The  Story  of  the  Mine,"  etc. 
T.  S.  VAN  DYKE 

Author  of  "  Rod  and  Gun  in  California,"  etc. 

CHAS.  A.  KEELER 

A  Director  of  the  California  Academy 
of  Sciences. 

LOUISE  M.  KEELER 
ALEX.  F.  HARMER 

L.  MAYNARD  DIXON 

Illustrators. 

ELIZABETH  AND 

JOSEPH  GRINNELL 

Authors  of  "  Our  Feathered  Friends." 

BATTERMAN  LINDSAY, 
CHAS.  DWIGHT  WILLARD 


CONTENTS  FOR   MAY,   1901:  pao. 

*'At  Twilight",  from  the  painting  by  Wm.  Keith Frontispiece 

Sheep-Herding  (poem),  Sharlot  M.  Hall 363 

The  Wildest  Tribe  in  North  America,  illustrated  by  W.  J.  McGee 364 

California  Birds — The  Arkansas  Goldfinch,  illustrated,  Elizabeth  Grinnell  ...  367 

Tales  Told  in  the  Patio,  illustrated,  J.  Torrey  Connor 382 

Lake  Tahoe  (poem),  illustrated,  C.  W.  Doyle 390 

In  Western  Letters,  illustrated,  C.  F.  L 391 

The  Coward  (story),  Salom^  Cecil 344 

Digger  Indian  Legends,  IV,  L.  M.  Burns 397 

California  Newspapers  before  the  Gold  Rush,  Katherine  A.  Chandler 403 

Through  the  Golden  Gate  (poem),  Lynn  A.  Osborn 406 

The  Stanford  Case — An  Piminent  Legal  Opinion,  John  F.  Doyle 407 

More  About  the  Condescending  Easterner.  Charles  F.  Lummis 409 

In  the  Lion's  Den  (by  the  editor) 418 

That  Which  is  Written  (book  reviews  by  the  editor) 422 

The  Landmarks  Club 427 

San  Jos^,   the   Garden  City  of  the  Santa  Clara  Valley,  illustrated,  Charles 

Amadon  Moodj- 428 

Snap  Shots  of  the  Los  Angeles  Floral  Festival,  illustrated 443 

Copyriffht  1901.    Entered  at  the  Loa  Ang-elea  Postoffice  aa  aecond-claaa  matter. 

8BB   publisher's  PAOB. 


SUMMER  RESORTS 


Rt   Coronado   Tent    City, 

Coronado     Beacti,     California, 

YOU  WILL  FIND  Fishing-,  Bathing-,  Yachting-,  Rowing,  Tally-ho,  Golf,  Ten- 
nis, Cycling-,  Dancing-,  "Floating-  Casino,"  Plung-e,  Library,  The  Chutes, 
Merrj-Go-Round,  Orchestra  and  Brass  Band  Concerts,  Church  and  Sunday 
School  Service,  a  first-class  Restaurant,  Health,  Convenience  and  Economy. 
What  more  could  you  ask. 

Write  Coronado  Beach  Co.,  or  H.  F.  Norcross,  Ag^ent, 

200  S.  Spring-  St.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Ventura  by  the  Sea 

Has 

rhe  Best  Climate, 

The  Best  Sea  Bathing, 

The  Best  Scenery,  and 
The  Best  Hotel  on  the  Coast 

HOTEL  ROSE 

WM.  ME^ 

JZEL,  Prop. 

Cbe  Cick  l)Ou$e 


i(« 


In  the  business  heart  of  San  Francisco. 
Just  a  step  from  car  lines  reaching  every 
part  of  the  city. 

HHADgUAI^TEI^S    FOR 

TOURISTS  AfiD  miriiriQ  cnmfi 

Modern,  newly  fitted  and  managed  with  the 
utmost  regard  to  the  comfort  and  convenience  of 
its  guests.  G.  W.  KINGSBUKY,  Mgr. 


The  best  investment  is  an  investment  in  com- 
fort.   The  latter  can  be  had  at 

m  Casa  Palma 


Rates 


American.... $2.00  to  $3.50 
European 75  to  $1.50 


Li.  B.  SRACK,  Proprietor. 


Riverside,  Cal 


Hummel  Bros.  &  Co.,  "Help  Ceoter."    300  W.  Second  St.       Tel.  Malo  509 


HOUSEHOLD    FURNISHINGS 


ARTISTIC  HOUSE 
FURNISHINGS 

The  knack  of  furnishing-  and  decorating-  a  home  in  order  to  effect 
the  most  artistic  result  comes  by  experience  and  study.  We  gained 
it  that  way.  You  can  make  g-ood  con- 
trasts and  bad  ones.  You  can  over  fur- 
nish as  well  as  underfurnish.  Best  way 
out  of  the  difficulty  is  to  consult  us. 

This   is   an   establishment  of  Art  Fur- 
niture, Art  Draperies,  Art  Upholsteries. 
Prices  to  suit  every  purse. 

W.  S.  ALLEN, 

345-347  S.  SPRING  STREET, 

Bet.  Third  and  Fourth  Sts. 


Ours  is  the 
only 

Exclusive 
Carper 
House  of 
Los  Angeles 


ORftNTAL  ^^DotimiQ 

CURT/i/NS.C^  DRAPERfCS: 
/NLA/D  (^  PRINTCD. 

C///NA  &^MPAti 
^4TT/NGd. 


As 

Specialists 

we  Dest 

uiAderstand 

our  line  and 

can  best 

meet  your 

requiremenrs 


512-314  5.  Broadwaij,  Los  Angeles 


T.  IMLLINOTON  CO..  Proprietors. 


HOUSEHOLD  FURNISHINGS 


DEPENDABLE  FURNITURE  AT  A  FAIR  PRICE. 


(  A   CORNER   IN   OUR   VERNIS   MARTIN    ROOM.) 

NILES   PEASE    FURNITURE    CO. 

439,  441,  443  S.  Spring  St.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

IIKT     DFPFIUfn     -^"^  elegant  line  of    ENAMEL    and    BRASS    BEDS.     Over  two 
dUu  I      nLULllLU     hundred  samples— new  colors  and  designs. 


SOLID  SUMMER  COMFORT 

Our  great  success  with  the  famous  OLD 
HICKORY  CHAIRS  the  past  two  sea- 
sons has  encourag-ed  us  to  bring-  out  the 
most  complete  line  of  these  goods  we've 
ever  shown  —  including  chairs,  rockers, 
settees,  taborettes,  etc.  The  natural 
beauty,  comfort  and  durability  places 
"  Old  Hickory  "  away  at  the  head  in  porch 
and  lawn  furniture.  Write  for  prices, 
etc.       Kvery    letter    carefully    answered. 


ijg^s^Vt 


225^  227^  229  S*  Broadway^  Los  Angeles    4 


MUSIC  AND  ART 


1 

Small 

riusical 

Instruments.. 

We  are  headquarters  for  the  South- 
west.   A  complete  stock  of  the  best 
instruments  of  every  kind,  at  low- 
est prices. 

VIOLINS                      BANJOS 
MANDOLINS             GUITARS 
MUSIC  BOXES          AUTOHARPS 

SOUTHERN  CALIFORNIA  MUSIC  COMPANY, 

216-818  We8t  Third  St., 
Bradbury  Buildinjf. 

miniature  Portrait 
Painting 

on 
Ivory  and  Porcelain 

Througrhout    the    United    States 
there  is  a  decided  revival  of  these 
delierhtful  18th  century  arts.      Min- 
iatures are  in  vog-ue,  and  you  must 
have  them  to  be  "correct." 

Perhaps  some  have  descended  to 
you.     If  so,  appreciation  whets  de- 
sire for  more.      If  not  so,   buy   for 
yourself  and  posterity.        No  heir- 
looms add  so  much  to  the  dig-nity  of 
a  family  as  these  jewels  of  the  por- 
trait painter's  art. 

I  employ  some  of  the  best  Min- 
iaturists in  America,  and  gruarantee 
perfect  copy  from  any  photograph, 
Dag-uerreotype,  etc.,   at   low  prices. 
Reduction  of  201.  on  first  two  orders 
for  porcelain  miniatures  from  each 
locality.       Samples    prepaid    to    re- 
sponsible persons.      Write   for  full 
particulars. 

J.  Corry  Baker,  Denver,  Colo. 

Worthy 

*             of  its                               , 

'.  High  Place. 

vose 

:     PIANOS     \ 

'    won  recognition  many  years  ago  as  i 
,    instruments  of  high  grade.      They 
^   are  to-day  better  in  every  way  than 
^   ever  before.                                              ^ 
1         While  investigating   the   various 
►   makes  of  Pianos,  don't  forget  the 
'     Voso  is  worthy  of  all  consideration.    , 

'               SOLD    row   CASH    OR   ON    THI    MONTHLY    PAYMENT 

^                                          PLAN                                                                                          ( 

\  SOUTHERN  CALIFORNIA  MUSIC  CO.,  ' 

'                      S10-'^18  Went  Third  St.,                  ^ 
I.OS   ANCiKLKS,   CALIFORNIA.         ^ 

®be  patjr-pittiatuw 

We  would  like  the  amateur  photog- 
raphers of  California  to  know  **  The 
Photo-Miniature/' 

It  is  a  monthly  magazine  of  photo- 
graphic information,    not    like    any 
other  photographic  journal,  but  alto- 
gether different. 

Every  number  is  a  complete  book 
in  itself,  and  tells  the  amateur  photog- 
rapher all  he  wants  to  know  about 
one  subject  at  one  time. 

Every  month  has  a  different  sub- 
ject;   daintily    illustrated;    with   all 
the  news  of  the  month. 

Twenty-three  numbers  ready,  on 
as  many  different  subjects.    Always 
in  print  and  obtainable  from  dealers 
in  photographic  supplies  or  newsmen. 
Price  25  cts.  per  copy.   $2.50  per  year. 

TENNANT  &  WARD,  Publishers,  NEW  YORK 

Changed 

From 

Pine 

TO  ANr  HARDWOOD  COLOR  BY  USING 

Kloor  Cnamels, 
Oak:,  Cherry,  Walnut,    Ktc. 

"  Makes  Old  F*loors  Look  New."  Gives 
your  floors  a 
hard  Enamel 
Finish.  No 

trouble  to  ap- 
ply. Wears 
like  Cement. 
Dries  over 

tiiffht.  Con- 
tains no  Japan 
orShellac.Sold 
at  Druer,  Paint 
and  Depart- 
ment stores. 
60c  size  covers 
7.5  feet  ;  Sl.OO 
,,     size     160    feet. 

IT'S   IN    THE    QUALITY."        ^^j.^  UO  Other. 

None  just  as  g-ood.     Free  Booklet  and  Sam- 
ple Card.    Write  to 

FLOOR-SHINE    CO., 

8t.  liouis.  Mo. 

Use  "Transparent"  Floor-Shine  on 
Linoleum  and  to  refresh  Hardwood  Floors, 
Furniture  and  Woodwork. 

For  sale  in  Los  Ang-eles  by  A.  Hamburger 
&  Sons,  People's  Store,  Upholstering-  Dep't. 


Any  school  boy  or  girl 
can  make  good  pic= 
tures    w^ith    one    of   the 

£.astman  Kodak  Co.'s 

D  O  L  L  A  K 
BROWNIE 
CAMILKAS 


The  Bro7vfiie 
Book,  a  dainty, 
tiny  pamphlet 
con  t  a  I  n  i  Hi; 
fifteen  o/  the 
prize  win  n  ing 
pictures  from 
the  BroTvnie 
Camera  Club 
Contest,  free  at 
a n  y  Kodak 
dealer's  or  by 
■mail. 


EASTMAN   KODAK  CO.,   Rochester,  N.  Y, 


rSCENIC    , 
MOUNT  LOWE 


lOi  AHMLtStND  WSAPtHA  tlECTRIC  Iff. 


The    AltJine    Trip 
America. 


of 


MT.  LOWE 


Famous  the  world  over  for  the  g-rand- 
eur  and  variety  of  its  scenery,  it  stands 
preeminent  among-  the  attractions  of 
Southern  California.  The  wide  range 
of  views  and  the  varying-  landscape  of 

Mountains,  Valleys  and  Ocean 

is  unsurpassed  on  this  continent.     The 

Echo  Mt.  Chalet  and 
Alpine  Tavern 

furnish  ample  and  first-class  accom- 
modations to  the  tourist.  Rates  are 
reasonable. 

For  full  particulars  reg-arding  Special 
Excursion  Rates  for  parties,  societies, 
etc.,  call  on  or  address 


H.  F.  Gentry,  Passenger  Agent 
Mt.  Ivowe  Ry. 


250  S.  Spring  St. 


Tel.  M.  900 


MISCELLANEOUS 


Schcll's  Patent  Adjustable  form 

For  Dressmaking. 

It  is  tiresome   to  fit  people 

by  the  usual  methods.    It  is  a 

pleasure  to  fit  and  carry  out 

the   most   unique   design   by 

means  of  this 

form,  which 

is  made  to 

dupl  i  cate 

a  ny  one's 

form,  and 

can  be  inde- 

pendently 
and  minutely 
corrected 
as  the  per- 
son's form 
chang-es. 

Is  made 
to  stand  as 
x>erson  stands,  for- 
ward or  backward, 
consequently  skirts 
will  hangr  and  waists 
fit  with  perfection  and 
comfort.  Whenorder- 
ingr  send  a  perfectly 
fitted  lining-  with 
waist-line  mirked,  also 
skirt  measures  from 
waist-line  to  floor 
(front,  hips  and  back), 
with  close  fitting  col- 
lar and  sleeves. 

Office,  316  South  Broadway,  Los  Angeles.  Cal. 


Rooms  3  and  4 


Phone  James  4441 


#TIONAL 


,DENTIFRIC[Z%^/^ 


Best  for  the  Teeth. 


It  cleanses,  preserves,  beautifies 
and  whitens  them,  strengthens  the 
gums  and  sweetens  the  breath. 

Put  up  in  neat  tin  boxes,  it  Is  per- 
fect for  the  dressing  table  and  ideal 
for  traveling.  No  powder  to  scatter, 
no  liquid  to  spill  or  to  stain  garments. 

25c  at  all  druggists. 
C.  H.  STRONQ  &  CO.,  Proprietors,        -        Chicago. 


ANYWHERE    IN    THE    WORLD 


IRRIGATION     PIPE    SYSTEMS 


FIFTEEN    YEARS'    EXPERIENCE 


ARTHUR    S.    BENT 


651  S.  BROADWAY,  LOS  ANGELES 


EXCURSIONS 


HALF  RATES 


Interest  Nearly  Everybody 

If  you  have  nnvthinif  in  Household  Furnishink's  to  sliip  to  or  from  the  East  or  North,  write  or  see 

BEKINS  VAN  AND  STORAGE,  244  S.  BROADWAY, 

LOS  ANGELES,  CAL.     TEL.  MAIN  19. 

Branch  Offices,  722  Missi«)n  Street,  San  Francisco,  and  3«  Market  Street,  Chicairo. 
Agencies  in  all  important  cities  in  the  United  States. 
We  ship  in  our  own  private  cars  at  KKDUCEI)  RATES  to  and  from  all  points  at  nearly  half  rates. 
Our  local  business  is  Packinif,  Movinif  and  Storing  Household  (ioods.    Best  Brick  Warehouse  on 
the  Coast.    One  hundred  separately  locked  iron  rooms,  exclusively  for  Household  Goods.    Send 
2c.  stamp  for  City  Map  of  Los  Anareles, 


INTVO  THEAIRICAl  COID  CRUI 


prevents  early  wrinkles.    It  is  not  a  freckle  coatinir :  it  re- 
moves them.    ANYVO  CO.,  427  N.  Main   St.,  Los  Angeles, 


'^\  B  R  A  R  y* 
OK  rut 

UNIVERSITY 


CALIFO^ 


4                                          ^ 

^ 

VOL.  14,  NO.  5.  LOS    ANGELES 


MAY.   1901 


Sheep-herding. 


BY    SHARLOT    M.    HALL. 


A  gray,  slow-moving-,  dust-bepowdered  wave, 

That  on  the  edges  breaks  to  scattering-  spray, 
'Round  which  m}'  faithful  collies  wheel  and  bark 

To  scurry-in  the  laggard  feet  that  stray  ; 
A  babel  of  complaining  tongues  that  make 

The  still  air  wear}^  with  their  ceaseless  fret ; 
Brown  hills  akin  to  those  of  Galilee, 

On  which  the  shepherds  tend  their  charges  yet. 

The  long,  hot  days,  the  stark,  wind-beaten  nights  ; 

No  human  presence^  human  sight  or  sound  ; 
Grim,  silent  land  of  wasted  hopes,  where  they 

Who  came  for  gold  ofttimes  have  madness  found  ; 
A  bleating  horror  that  fore-gathers  speech. 

Freezing-  the  word  that  from  the  lip  would  pass, 
And  sends  the  herdsman  groveling-  with  his  sheep. 

Face  down  and  beast-like  on  the  trampled  grass. 

The  collies  halt,  the  slow  herd  sways  and  reels. 

Huddled  in  fright  above  the  low  ravine. 
Where  wild  with  thirst  a  herd  unshepherded 

Beat  up  and  down — with  something  dark  between 
A  narrow  circle  that  they  will  not  cross, 

A  thing  that  stops  the  maddest  in  their  run, 
A  guarding-  dog-  too  weak  to  lift  his  head 

Who  licks  a  still  hand  shriveled  in  the  sun. 

Prescott,  Ariz. 


Copyright  1901  by  Land  of  Sunshine  Pub.  Oo. 


364 


A    SKRI   AKCHEK. 


The  Wildest  Tribe  in  North 
America. 

SERILAND  AND    THE  SERf. 

BY    W      J      MC  CSE* 

N  September  24,  1539,  "the  right  worship- 
ful knig-ht,  Francis  de  Vlloa,"  faring  in 
a  little  fleet  along-  the  unknown  coast  of 
the  Mar  de  Cortez,  entered  a  broad  bay 
with  "a  certaine  gut  of  water  like  a 
brooke"  running  through  the  adjacent 
plain ;  and  next  da)^  he  sailed  around 
the  great  rocky  point  on  the  north,  and 
thence  past  a  smaller  bay  "with  many 
cooues  or  creeks." 

Such  was  the  first  view  by  Caucasian 
eyes  of  Isla  del  Tiburon,  home  of  the  sav- 
age Seri  ;  and  it  is  hardly  surprising 
that  the  clever  and  conscientious  Ulloa 
mistook  the  embayed  ends  of  the  strait 
separating  it  from  the  mainland  for  creeks  (of  which 
there  are  none),  and  so  missed  the  insular  character  of  the 
promontory.  Captain  Hernando  de  Alarcon,  who  passed 
that  way  a  year  later  in  charge  of  the  rival  expedition 
sent  out  to  support  Coronado's  inland  army,  was  more 
fortunate  ;  he  not  only  discovered  the  great  river  at  the 
head  of  his  Vermilion  Sea,  but  saw  Ulloa's  promontory 
as  an  island,  the  largest  in  the  gulf,  and  christened  it 
by  the  name  it  still  retains  —  Isla  del  Tiburon,  "Shark 
Island."      • 

At  the  time  of  Ulloa  and  Alarcon,  the  Seri  were  flourish- 
ing ;  they  not  only  occupied  Tiburon,  but  ranged  the  ad- 
jacent mainland  a  hundred  miles  eastward  over  what  is 
now  central  Sonora,  nearly  as  far  up-coast,  and  down-coast 
(with  their  kindred)  nearly  to  the  Rio  Yaqui.  Through  a 
part  of  this  range  Cabeza  de  Vaca  had  wandered  in  1536; 
and  through  it  had  also  passed  Coronado's  forces  in  1540  ; 
when  Don  Rodrigo  Maldonado  went  down  from  Corazones 
to  the  sea  tb  seek  Alarcon's  ships,  he  brought  back  with 
him  a  native  "so  large  and  tall  that  the  best  man  in  the 
army  reached  only  to  his  chest,"  with  reports  of  still 
larger  warriors  left  behind  ;  and  in  his  remarkable  over- 
land journey  from  Corazones  to  the  mouth  of  Rio  Colorado, 
Captain  Melchior  Diaz  skirted  the  northern  range  of  the 
redoubtable  giants.  Thus  Seriland  and  the  Seri  were 
known,  albeit  vaguely,  MA)  years  ago ;  and  the  fame  of  the 

*  ElhnoloK-i«it  in  charjfe  Hure.iu  of  American  Ethnoloary,  Washing-ton,  D.  C;  Pres- 
ident the  AnthroiK)lo{rical  Society. 


SERILAND    AND    THE    SERI. 


365 


OUTLINE   MAP   SHOWING   LOCATION   OF   THE   SEKIS. 
TIBURON  ISLAND   IS   THE   SQUARISH   ONE. 


stalwart  tribes- 
men sounded  to 
Spain  and  echoed 
over  Europe  with 
other  marvels  of 
the  m3^sterious 
New  World — per- 
haps to  reverbe- 
rate long-  after  in 
Jonathan  Swift's 
Brobding-nagians, 
as  Hittell  would 
have  it. 

After  this  first 
spurt  of  explora- 
tor}^  activity  came 
the  silent  sesqui- 
century  of  Sonor- 
an  history  (circa 
1540-1690),  during 
which  the  dis- 
coveries of  Ulloa 
and  Alarcon  and 
ill-fated  Diaz  were  forgotten  and  the  Calif  ornias  were  mapped 
as  an  island  beyond  a  mythical  passage  reaching-  up  to  the 
fabulous  "  Straits  of  Anian" — the  most  astounding  lapse 
from  definite  knowledge  to  blank  ig-norance  in  the  history 
of  American  geog-raphy.  Then  the  gloom  was  penetrated 
by  the  lig-ht  of  Jesuit  evang-elization — a  lig-ht  that  never 
shone  more  brightly  than  in  northwestern  Mexico  throug-h- 
out  the  first  two-thirds  of  the  eig-hteenth  century.  The 
pioneer  evang-elist  (for  Ribas's  notes  were  remote)  was 
Padre  Eusebio  Francisco  Kino,  who  plodded  painfully  yet 
patiently  over  all  Papag-ueria  during-  the  years  1686-1701. 
It  was  his  earliest  ambition  to  found  a  mission  among-  the 
Seri,  and  no  part  of  his  record  is  more  pathetically  jubi- 
lant than  the  itinerary  of  a  trip  in  1694  from  Santa  Mag-- 
dalena  to  the  coast,  where  he  thoug-ht  himself  "the  first 
who  had  the  g-reat  privileg-e  of  seeing-  the  island  of  the 
Seris  ;  "  even  his  epochal  entrada  into  the  country  of  the 
Colorado  by  wa}^  of  Tinajas  Altas  and  the  Yuma  trail  of 
later  times,  with  the  rediscovery  of  California  as  a  part  of 
the  continent  (for  neither  he  nor  his  coUeag-ues  seem  to 
have  known  of  the  surveys  of  Ulloa,  Alarcon  and  Diaz), 
seemed  a  lesser  achievement  to  the  energ-etic  padre  ;  so 
that  it  is  sad  to  learn,  and  an  irksome  duty  to  say,  that  the 
zealous  pioneer  missed  the  home  of  the  savag-es  by  more 
than  a  hundred  miles,  and  in  truth  lived  out  his  life  with- 


SERILAND    AND     THE    SERI. 


367 


A    SSRI   BOIvSA   (profile   AND   GROUND-PLAN),    AT   THE   NATIONAL 

MUSEUM. 


out  sig-ht  of  "  the  island  of  the  Seris  " — albeit  happily  his 
aspiration  and  his  name  are  commemorated  together  in  a  bay 
and  a  neighboring-  promontory  hard  by  the  long-known 
island.  Actuall}^  the  record  of  his  trip  recounts  the  stages 
and  episodes  of  a  journey  from  Santa  Magdalena  down  the 
sand-wash  (called  variously  Magdalena,  Santa  Ana,  San 
Ignacio,  Asuncion,  Altar,  Pitiquito,  Caborca,  etc.)  to  its 
embouchure  about  latitude  30^30';  the  descriptions  of  route, 
waters  and  countr}^  are  so  faithful  as  to  permit  identifica- 
tion of  several  localities  during  each  day's  journey  ;  and  a 
recent  visit  to  his  coastwise  terminus  shows  that  the 
feature  quite  naturally  mistaken  for  Isla  del  Tiburon  is  the 
peninsulated  promontory  of  Cabo  Tepoca,  in  latitude  30°15' 
— a  rugged  knob  seeming  to  rise  sheer  from  open  sea  as 
seen  from  the  mouth  of  the  sand-wash.* 

Although  the  pioneer  padre  missed  central  Seriland, 
several  of  his  colaborers  succeeded  in  exploring  the  terri- 
tory. First  among  these  was  Sergeant  Juan  Bautista  de 
Escalante — he  who  swam  the  Gila  and  discovered  Casa 
Grande — who,  in  January,  1700,  set  out  from  a  mission  to 
punish  Seri  raiders,  and  touched  the  coast  opposite  Tiburon  ; 
a  few  weeks  later  he  returned  by  another  route,  took  pos- 
session of  several  balsas,  crossed  to  the  island,  and  success- 


*The  details  of  Padre  Kino's  route  are  g-iven  on  pag-es  57  60  of  "  The  Seri  In- 
dians," Seventeenth  Annual  Report  of  the  Bureau  of  American  Ethnolog-y,  1898  ; 
the  recent  visit  (November,  1900)  g-ave  opportunity  for  trailing-  the  Kino  party  from 
Caborca  to  the  coast,  and  for  identifying-  the  supposed  "island  of  the  Seris"  as 
Cabo  Tepoca,  and  not  Isla  Ang-el  de  la  Guarda  as  previously  inferred. 


CANDKIvA^KIA,    "  BEI.I.K   OF   THE    SERIS  ;  "    KNCINAS    RANCH. 
(Her  face-painting-  is  in  red,  blue  and  white.) 


370  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

fully  engaged  the  savages  in  their  stronghold  ;  and  it  is  elo- 
quent evidence  of  the  exceeding  indolence  of  natural  and 
artificial  processes  in  this  arid  land  to  find  the  shallow  well 
dug  b}"  his  men  a  few  miles  from  the  coast  still  extant  and 
still  bearing  his  name — Pozo  Escalante,  or  Agua  Amarilla. 
Then  the  ways  of  evangelization  were  laid  over  the  sea  as 
well  as  overland,  and  in  1709  an  approaching  priestly  vessel 
was  wrecked  on  the  Seri  coast  ;  Padre  Juan  Maria  Salva- 
ticrra  essayed  to  recover  the  craft,  only  to  find  the  natives 
breaking  it  up  for  the  nails;  but  b}^  a  combination  of  "per- 
suasive elocution,"  "respectable  sweetness  of  air,"  and 
timely  discharges  of  artillery,  he  succeeded  in  not  only 
saving  the  ship  but  in  making  several  converts.  Later 
came  Padre  Juan  de  Ugarte,  the  Hercules  of  Baja  Cali- 
fornia history  (builder  of  the  famous  bilander  "El  Triunfo 
de  la  Cruz,"  the  first  ship  constructed  in  California  and  a  fit 
prototype  of  the  Oregon  in  strength  and  efficiency);  in 
1721  he  sailed  his  staunch  craft  from  the  Mission  of  Loreto 
to  Tiburon,  and  after  perils  and  adventures  galore  suc- 
ceeded in  placating  the  people,  in  putting  bilander  and 
pinace  and  canoe  through  the  stormy  strait  since  known  as 
El  Infiernillo,  and  apparentl}^  in  circumnavigating  the 
island. 

Meantime  the  fathers  .on  land  were  rivaling  the  royal 
soldiery  in  the  invasion  of  the  tribal  range — the  "despob- 
lado"  of  Villa-Seiior  (1748).  Sometimes  the  military  con- 
voyed the  missionary,  butoftener  the  royal  fort  was  erected 
on  the  trail  of  the  priest  and  to  cover  his  cross.  Conver- 
sions proceeded  apace,  and  pensioners  were  gathered  in 
numbers  about  the  frontier  settlements.  In  1742  a  royal 
fort  was  planted  in  the  water-gap  at  Pitic  (the  modern 
Hermosillo),  and  the  padres  kept  step  with  the  soldiers, 
founding  hard-by  the  mission  of  "San  Pedro  de  la  Con- 
quista  de  Seris" — at  first  a  bethel  for  proselytes,  then  a 
penitentiary  for  strays  and  outlaws,  and  finally  (as  the 
name  wore  down  to  "  Pueblo  Seris"  or  simply  "Seris")  a 
stumbling  block  to  students  who  naturalh^  drew  erroneous 
inferences  from  the  name.  At  this  point  the  exploration 
and  evangelization  of  the  Jesuits  may  be  said  to  end  ;  for 
little  was  done  by  either  land  or  sea  between  1742  and  the 
expulsion  in  17()7 — save  the  recording  of  results,  notably  in 
Sonora's  classic,  the  "  Rudo  Ensayo". 

After  the  Jesuits  came  the  Franciscans  ;  but  of  their 
regime  it  is  needful  to  note  only  a  single  episode — the  ex- 
cursion of  Fray  Juan  Crisostoma  CA\  de  Bernabe  to  plant 
his  cross  in  the  very  heart  of  Seriland  (near  Pozo  Esca- 
lante), erect  a  /aca/  for  a  church,  and  minister  a  kindly 
gospel  ;  his  stay   was  of  unexampled  duration — from   No- 


FRANCISCO   AGUIIyAR,    A   YOUNG   SKRI    WARRIOR. 


SERILAND    AND    THE    SERI.  373 

vember  26,  1772,  to  March  6,  1773 — but  he  met  at  last  the 
hard  fate  of  other  unprotected  visitors  to  Seriland  ;  and  so 
ended  the  solitary  mission  in  the  land  of  the  Seri. 

After  the  Franciscans,  as  during-  earlier  decades,  the 
civil  and  military  authorities  played  a  role  in  protecting- 
outposts,  and  in  curtailing  the  Seri  rang-e ;  the  consequence 
was  nearly  continuous  warfare  for  two  centuries — a  shock- 
ing succession  of  savage  assassinations  b}^  marauding- 
bands,  followed  by  punitive  (thoug-h  g-enerally  fruitless) 
forays  by  the  settled  folk.  Writing  about  1850,  Velasco 
estimated  that  there  had  been  forty  Seri  wars;  writing  in 
1894,  Davila  increased  the  tall)^  to  Mix.  The  details  are 
g-hastly;  suffice  it  to  say  that  from  1540  on,  the  Seri  have 
been  notorious  for  alleged  use  of  poisoned  arrows,  that  for  ^^^ 
two  centuries  they  have  been  reputed  ruthless  thirsters  for 
blood,  and  that  for  a  century  they  have  been  classed  as 
cannibals. 

The  Seri  stronghold  seen  by  Ulloa  and  Alarcon  360  years 
ag-o,  entered  b}^  Kscalante  two  centuries  past,  and  coasted 
by  Ug-arte  in  1729,  has  been  revisited  several  times  ;  the 
island  was  circumnavigated  by  Lieutenant  R.  W.  H.  Hardy, 
R.  N.,  in  1826,  and  again  by  Don  Tomas  Espence  (of  the 
Andrade  expedition)  in  1844  ;  and  its  shores  were  surveyed 
by  Commander  (now  Admiral)  Georg-e  Dewey,  U.  S.  N.,  in 
1873.  Much  of  the  mainland  "despoblado"  of  the  eight- 
eenth centur}^  has  been  occupied  since  the  early  'Fifties  by 
Don  Pascual  Encinas  ;  and  both  Don  Pascual  and  General 
Kduardo  Andrade  have  touched  on  the  island.  Finally  the 
tribal  habitat,  both  mainland  and  insular,  was  visited  b}^ 
expeditions  of  the  Bureau  of  American  Kthnolog-y  in  1894 
and  1895,  the  earlier  visit  yielding-  ethnolog-ic  data  obtained 
from  the  tribesmen  on  the  frontier,  and  the  later  resulting 
in  the  first  survey  and  map  of  the  interior  of  Tiburon  as 
well  as  the  mainland  range. 

Such  are  the  salient  points  in  the  history  of  Seriland  and 
the  Seri  for  nearly  four  centuries — a  history  of  practically 
constant  warfare  against  aliens,  of  the  most  successful 
staying  of  invasions  of  an  aborig-inal  motherland  recorded 
in  the  annals  of  America  ;  and  the  chronicles  are  supple- 
mented by  a  remarkabl}'  clear  archaeologic  record  telling- 
that  the  history  of  the  past  four  centuries  is  but  the  sequel 
to  a  similar  history  throug-h  man}^  still  earlier  centuries. 
Such  are  Seriland  and  the  Seri  seen  from  without  ;  for  no 
chronicler  has  bridg-ed  the  chasm  dividing  his  ideas  from 
the  deep-planted  ideals  of  the  lowly  natives  to  whom  home 
and  kindred  are  more  than  all  else  of  life,  more  even  than 
life  itself. 

The  Californian  gulf  (the  ancient  Mar  de  Cortez)   is  a 


374  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

troubled  sea,  especially  in  the  latitude  of  Tiburon  island. 
Here  its  750-mile  troug-h  is  constricted  between  Tiburon 
and  San  Francisquito  point  to  a  third  of  its  average  width, 
and  still  further  obstructed  by  San  Esteban,  San  Lorenzo, 
and  Salsipuedes  islands ;  and  through  the  channels  between 
these  islands  sweep  four  times  daily  the  trul)-  terrible  tidal 
currents  required  to  carr^v  from  one  to  three  cubic  miles  of 
water,  according-  to  the  state  of  wind  and  moon.  Especially 
turbulent  are  these  tide-rips  in  Salsipuedes  channel  on  the 
western  coast,  and  in  El  Infiernillo  between  Tiburon  and 
the  mainland;  and  in  the  latter  the  water  currents  are  aug- 
mented by  air  currents  g-athering-  amid  the  rug-g-ed  sierras 
to  form  gfales  and  williwaws  of  painful  frequency  and  per- 
sistence. Tiburon  is  a  roug-hly  rectang-ular  tract  some  30 
miles  from  north  to  south  and  half  to  two-thirds  as  wide  ; 
it  is  diversified  by  two  long-itudinal  sierras,  one  culminating- 
in  a  crest  of  4,000  feet,  the  other  much  lower  ;  most  of  its 
periphery  is  carved  into  sea-cliffs  by  the  turbulent  waves 
and  swift-flowing-  currents  ;  while  the  interior  is  desert, 
save  for  one  tiny  streamlet  and  two  or  three  tinajas.  The 
fitly  named  strait  El  Infiernillo  (the  Little  Hell)  is  for  the 
most  part  shoal,  and  three  or  four  miles  wide  ;  at  Boca  del 
Infierno  it  contracts  to  little  over  a  mile  in  width  and  50 
feet  in  depth.  On  the  mainland  shore  an  exceeding-ly 
rugged  sierra  rises  sharply  to  top  in  Johnson's  peak  5,000 
feet  above  the  strait,  and  subsides  as  sharpl}'  on  the  east, 
where  its  footslopes  merg-e  into  the  saline  and  sand-drifted 
plain  of  Desierto  Encinas — the  homolog-ue  of  the  Colorado 
desert  in  California,  and  the  real  boundary  of  Seriland. 
Along-  the  shores  of  both  island  and  mainland  annex,  the 
Seri  rove  at  will,  repelling  or  fleeing-  chance  invaders,  and 
freely  navigating:  the  turbulent  waters  on  their  light  balsas ; 
for  they  are  orarian  folk,  and  early  learned  the  lesson  of 
highest  enlightenment  that  lands  are  not  divided  but  united 
by  intervening-  sea. 

By  reason  of  the  desultory  warfare  of  centuries,  the  Seri 
population  has  decreased  from  probable  thousands  to  cer- 
tain hundreds.  Ribas  in  lf)45  and  Villa-Senor  a  century 
later  spoke  of  the  folk  as  though  a  thousand  strong-  ;  in 
1750  Parilla  boasted  of  "  annihilating "  them  all  save 
twenty-eight  captives,  though  according  to  Velasco's  esti- 
mates there  were  two  thousand  of  them  to  be  "annihilated" 
ag-ain  thirty  years  later  ;  in  1824  Troncoso  estimated  the 
tribe  at  1,000,  and  in  1820  Retio  reckoned  those  on  Tiburon 
alone  at  1,000  or  1,500,  while  Hardy  thoug:ht  the  entire  tribe 
might  reach  3,000  or  4,000.  The'McGee  estimate  (1894), 
made  after  much  talk  with  the  tribesmen,  was  scarce  300 
men,  women  and  children,  of  whom  not  more  than  00  or  70 
were  warriors,  i.e.,  adult  males. 


SERILAND    AND    THE    SERI. 


375 


SIX    SKKI   BOYS. 


In  its  palm}^  days  the  tribe  multiplied  b}^  fission,  sending- 
off  two  or  three  separate  colonies  ;  but  during-  the  cen- 
turies of  decadence  these  withered.  The  earliest  known 
offshoot  were  the  Guayma  tribe  and  the  smaller  Upanguay- 
ma  group,  both  extruded  about  the  sixteenth  century  ;  the 
latter  group  was  absorbed  or  otherwise  extinguished  in  the 
eighteenth  century,  while  the  Guayma  drifted  over  into  the 
Yaqui  country  to  be  slowly  assimilated  in  the  next  century. 
Another  strong  branch  (if  not  indeed  the  main  trunk)  was 
the  Tepoca  tribe;  Hardy  happening  by  just  in  time  (1826) 
to  witness  the  separation.  The  Tepoca  pushed  up  the  arid 
mainland  coast  to  the  Rio  Altar  sand-wash,  where  some 
score  survivors  were  said  to  live  in  1895  ;  but  in  November, 
1900,  they  were  entirely  gone.  The  four  groups  spoke  the 
same  language,  a  tongue  not  shared   by   any  other  known 


376 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


folk — despite  sug-g-ested  affiliations  with  Chinese,  Arabic, 
Welsh,  Patag"onian,  Caribbean,  Yuman  and  Piman  speech. 
Like  most  other  aborig-inal  tribes,  the  Seri  are  known  by 
an  alien  appellation ;  seri,  or  rather  se-er-e,  is  an  Opata 
term  which  may  be  rendered  "spry."  The  proper  name 
of  the  tribe — that  by  which  they  dig-nify  themselves  and 
their  animal  tutelaries,  including-  fire,  is  Kunkaak,  which 
being-  interpreted  (so  far  as  primitive  terms  may  be)  means 
"  Our-Great-Mother folk-Here",  thoug-h  for  common  every- 
day use  they  are  content  with  Km-ike,  i.e.,  "Women-folk"; 
both  terms  connoting  at  once  a  curious  social  organization 
and  an  inchoate  faith.  Comformably  with  their  own  desig-- 
nation,  the  tribesmen  class  themselves  as  animals  rather 
than  men,  find  their  activital  exemplars  and  even  their  fidu- 
cial imag-es  in  zoic  forms,  and  look  with  hereditary  hatred 
and  horror  on  all  uncanny  creatures  of  alien  blood  and  race. 


Washintrton,  D,  C, 


[to  be  concluded.] 


California  Birds. 

'the    ARKANSAS    GOLDFINCH. 


BY    ELIZABETH    AND    JOSEPH    CR1NNELL 


[ELLOW  citizen,  neighbor  and  friend,  we 
hail  his  olive-yellow  form  with  delig-ht. 
His  is  a  large  and  respected  family,  which  in- 
cludes the  sparrows,  finches,  towhees,  gros- 
beaks, and  buntings,  as  well  as.  the  g-old- 
finches.  Of  these  latter,  in  the  land  of  sun- 
shine, we  have  three  species.  These  are 
termed,  by  those  who  know  them  intimately, 
Willow  goldfinch,  Arkansas  goldfinch,  and 
Lawrence's  goldfinch.  Occasionally  one  or 
another  of  them  is  looked  upon  with  dis- 
favor, as  for  instance,  the  linnet  or  house- 
finch.  In  spite  of  such  disfavor  by  the  ig- 
norant or  selfish,  each  and  all  are  gentle, 
intelligent,  the  farmer's  allies,  sweet  of 
voice  and  friends  to  cherish. 

We  have  noted  about  our  home  all  of  the 
three  mentioned  species  of  goldfinch,  the 
most  familiar  being  the  Arkansas  or  green-backed  gold- 
finch. It  is  with  us  all  the  year,  fearless,  industrious,  in 
mating  season  sweet  of  song  though  sad,  half  the  size  of 
the  linnet,  and  known  to  those  who  take  pleasure  in  caging 
wild  birds  as  the  "  wild  canary." 

From    the   sea  to  3,000  feet    among   the    hills,   or   even 


CALIFORNIA    BIRDS. 


377 


liig-her,  Little  Goldie  lives  and  thrives  as  best  it  can,  in 
loving-  pairs  in  summer  time,  in  flocks  of  dozens  when  the 
plant  seeds  have  ripened.  Along-  the  margins  of  washes,  in 
the  aftermath  of  grain  fields,  by  roadsides  where  the  sun- 
flow^ers  lend  their  color-scheme  with  their  invitation  to 
"stop  and  lunch,"  in  the  madam's  g-arden  if  she  has  re- 
membered to  let  a  few  of  the  veg-etables  run  to  seed,  ever}'- 
where  we  see  Little  Goldie.  The  sunflowers  shield  the 
birds  while  feeding-  them,  for  the  3^ellow  of  their  belated 
petals,  with  the  dark  eye  of  the  center,  blends  with  the 
tinting-  of  their  guests.     Here  and  there,    along  the  pale 


.^--   ^^'     -^^fK      *^^ 

gj^  -—^ 

GOI.DFINCH    FEEDING   HER   YOUNG   IN    MRS, 


Photo,  from  life. 
GRINNELI^'S   HAND. 


stalks,  cling-ing-  with  one  set  of  toes  to  the  inclined  face  of 
the  "  best-done"  seed  lobe,  swinging  from  pendant  stems, 
caroling  of  dinner  in  plent)-,  there  he  is  !  Picking-  the  seeds 
out  with  the  tip  of  his  beak,  and,  if  the  kernel  be  hard, 
deftly  placing  it  in  the  angle  of  the  jaw  to  gfet  a  better 
clinch  on  it  after  the  order  of  the  latest  improved  nut- 
cracker— and  there  you  have  him.  But  again  you  do  not 
have  him,  for  the  whole  hundred  or  two  are  up  with  a  con- 
fused chorus  of  calls  and  off  to  the  next  patch. 

Prom  April  to  July,  when  conforming  strictl}^  to  family 
precedent,  the  Arkansas  g-oldfinches  nest ;  but  when  the 
notion   takes  them  the}^  are  so  employed  much  earlier  and 


378 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


later.  This  spring,  for  instance,  a  pair  are  engraved  in  the 
practical  application  of  domestic  science  as  early  as  March 
1.  The  nests  are  built  usuall}'^  in  forks  of  low  trees,  whose 
thick  larg-e  leaves  j^ive  shelter  from  sun  and  wind  and  ob- 
servation. It  is  not  difficult,  however,  to  discover  a  pair  at 
this  season,  for  they  call  continually  to  each  other,  the 
male  never  being"  far  from  the  female  while  she  is  at 
work  or  brooding.  Indeed  he  feeds  her  from  the  day  she 
begins  to  nest,  and  continues  to  supply  her  wants,  and 
those  of  their  young,  until  the  latter  are  full  grown.  True, 
the  male  has  not  been  observed  by  us  to  aid  his  mate  in 
transporting  the  material  and  weaving  the  nest,  but  he 
does  point  out  to  her  what  he  deems  the  most  suitable 
fabric,  often  picking  up  bits,  but  always  dropping  them  be- 
fore he  flies.    When  his  wife   starts,  with  her   beak  full, 


ARKANSAS  GOI^DFINCH   ON   HER    NEST.        Photo,  from  life. 


after  her  he  goes  as  fast  as  his  wings  can  take  him,  and 
sings  while  she  labors.  This  much  for  the  "  birds  in  gen- 
eral." To  make  any  two  of  them  ''birds  in  particular," 
you  have  but  to  open  your  eyes  and  ears  about  this  time  of 
year,  and  "keep  still  just  as  you  are." 

We  have  found  this  little  finch  much  easier  to  tame  than 
the  linnet.  And  this,  though  the  latter  builds  on  the  house 
side  or  window  ledge.  Little  Goldie  selects  a  small  tree 
near  the  house  or  garden  path,  not  against  any  building, 
always  a  fork  of  the  branches  ;  and  several  times,  by  close 
watching  and  listening,  we  have  been  "  in  at  the  start." 
If  supplied  with  civilized  materials  the  bird  accepts  and 
even  prefers  them  to  such  supplies  as  her  ancestors  have 
used.  Cotton,  white,  fluffy  surgeon's  cotton,  stuck  in  little 
flakes  about  the   hedge,    tied  to  the  flagstaff,   fastened  to 


CALIFORNIA    BIRDS. 


379 


FEEDING   YOUNG    FINCHES   BY   HAND.  Photo,  from  life. 


ends  of  branches,  make  Goldie  perfectly  happy.  In  a  day 
or  two  she  understands  and  will  almost  take  the  cotton 
from  one's  hand.  This  cotton  g-oes  in  as  an  intermediate 
material,  for  well  Goldie  knows  that  baby  toes  cannot  cling" 
to  cotton.  The  lining-  is  always  of  hairs  or  fiber  from  the 
door  mat. 

This  placing  of  nesting  material  about  the  grounds  is  the 
chief  inducement  for  these  and  other  birds  to  remain  near 
the  house.  They  appreciate  short  transportation  service 
at  low  rates  of  speed.  A  pair  of  Goldies  started  a  nest  in 
a  loquat  as  low  as  one's  shoulder.  It  took  them  two  weeks 
to  complete  it  even  with  all  the  advantages  which  we  pro- 
vided. Before  incubation  the  bird  had  become  familiar 
with  our  presence,  and  a  week  before  hatching  we  could 
stand  by  her  side.  In  another  week  we  could  stroke  the 
mother's  breast  without  alarming  her,  lift  her  feathers, 
clean  the  nest  margin,  and  even  pick  up  the  bird.  Then 
she  would  feed  the  young  while  in  our  fingers,  to  the  great 
astonishment  of  her  lord  who  kept  up  his  plaintive  "  don't" 
a  few  feet  away. 

Now  in  regard  to  thus  taming  the  wild  birds  which  nest 


380  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

in  our  grounds,  there  are  skeptics.  The}^  say,  "O,  you  can 
pick  up  most  birds  while  nesting-,  as  the  instinct  to  protect 
their  young-  is  paramount."  This  is  true  in  the  case  of 
some  wild  birds  who,  surprised  in  hill  or  marsh  b}^  the  sud- 
den appearance  of  a  strang-er,  refuse  to  leave  the  nest,  and 
are  sometimes  lifted  from  it.  This  may  be  instinct,  what- 
ever that  is.  But  it  is  a  different  proposition  where  a  bird 
learned  to  continue  building  with  an  observer  within  arm's 
distance,  to  deposit  her  eggfs  and  go  on  with  her  duties, 
even  singing-  a  low  ditty  accompanying  the  stranger's 
voice.  Ah,  but  the  skeptic  still  hints  at  "instinct."  Well, 
let  him  try  it,  and  if  he  makes  it  his  daily  practice  to  ca- 
ress the  mother,  if  he  can  so  work  upon  the  "instinctive 
nature  "  of  the  male  to  come  a  little  closer  every  hour  until 
he  too  admits  of  the  caress,  and  will  even  feed  his  mate 
while  you  laug-h  in  his  face  and  blow  the  feathers  of  his 
breast — why,  try  it !  Such  skeptics  have  wandered  in 
while  we  were  pinching  the  toes  of  humming--bird  or  finch, 
and  tried  a  hand  at  it.  Birds  know  their  friends,  and  "a 
stranger  will  they  not  follow."  People  whose  curiosity 
leads  them  to  do  so,  linger  about  the  grounds  remarking- 
that  they  supposed  "there  were  more  birds  about  than 
these."  We  say  little.  Of  course  the  wary  darling-s  have 
gone  to  the  top  branches,  and,  safe  out  of  reach,  are  "pick- 
ing- their  teeth,"  with  their  toes  thrust  up  between  the 
feathers  of  one  wing. 

When  it  came  time  for  photographs  it  was  pretty  hard 
to  get  the  focus  just  right,  and  there  was  constant  move- 
ment of  the  old  birds  while  regurgitating  the  food  into  the 
mouths  of  the  fluttering  young  ones  ;  but  we  succeeded 
after  a  fashion,  which  at  least  goes  to  prove  "  we  did  it," 
father,  mother,  and  four  little  "kids"  all  in  one  hand. 

Whether  the  cotton  used  swelled  with  the  fogfs,  or  the 
builder  forgot  her  measurements,  we  could  not  decide,  but 
before  they  were  at  all  fledged  the  young  birds  outgrew 
the  nest.  They  sat  for  days  on  the  rim,  aud  then  came  a 
hard  rain.  The  mother  did  her  best  to  shelter  them,  but 
two  at  a  time  was  the  limit,  and  she  looked  pleadingly  at 
us.  It  was  the  work  of  a  minute  to  bring-  a  yard  of  rough, 
black  cloth  and  pin  it  around  the  nest,  the  mother  herself 
sitting  under  the  canopy  until  it  was  adjusted.  We  had  a 
close  apartment,  tunnel-shaped,  running  from  the  nest 
back  among  the  branches.  The  larger  of  the  young  birds 
sidled  into  it  as  if  it  was  no  more  than  he  had  expected, 
and  his  brother  followed,  sprawling  along  in  shapeless  style. 
There  they  sat  all  through  the  storm,  straight  up  and 
s(iuare-shouldered  as  if  by  "hunching"  themselves  they 
were  surer  of  safety.  They  looked  like  little  half-dressed 
owls  against  a  dark  background. 


TALES    TOLD    IN    THE    PATIO. 


381 


ARKANSAS    G01.DFINCH    FEEDING   HIS    MATE. 


Photo,  from  life 


Ah,  what  an  opportunity  was  this  (and  man)^  another 
we  have  had),  for  those  who  ca^e  song-  and  freedom  and 
call  the  art  (rather  the  outrage)  "interesting!"  To  those 
who  once  conquer  the  timid  reserve  of  our  birds  and  teach 
them  comradeship,  if  not  friendship,  there  is  a  fascination 
unequaled,  with  which  no  conditions  of  captivit)^  can 
compare. 

Pasadena,  Cal. 

Tales  Told  in  the  Patio 

BY    J.    TORREY    CONNOR 

^T  had  been  a  casa  grajide  in  its  day. 

I  Through  the  stately   arched  entrance  one  sees 

the  spacious  patio  where  flowers  bloomed,  and 

where  birds  sang  to  the  accompaniment  of  waters 

plashing  in  the  marble  basin  of  the  fountain.     The 

carved  stone  pillars  supporting  the  galleries  of  the 

upper  stor}^,  on  which  the  rooms  of  the  dwelling 

opened,  were  almost  hidden  by  clambering  vines. 

So  luxuriant  was  the  growth  that  it  shut  out  the 

light,  making    in  the  place   a  green   dusk — 

lighted  only  by  the  flame  of  the  passion  flower 

— even  at  noontide. 

At  the  hour  when  the  beauty  and  the  fash- 
ion of  the  City  of  Mexico  were  to  be  seen  on 
parade,   the  Seiiora,   an   imposing   lady   with   three 


dress 


382  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

chins,  descended  to  the  waiting-  coach;  and  with  the 
Senorita,  her  daughter,  arrayed  bewitchingly  and  with 
eyes  ashine  in  the  shadow  of  her  mantilla^  was  driven  abroad 
in  state. 

Once  when  the  Seiior,  the  son,  had  come  home  after  a 
long  absence,  the  place  was  thrown  open  to  their  friends 
and  to  the  friends  of  their  friends.  Lights  twinkled  in  the 
loggia  ;  the  sound  of  music,  timing  young  feet  through 
the  contradanza,  was  borne  to  the  ear;  and  then — 

Do  you  remember  how,  without  warning,  the  great  earth- 
quake of  18 —  devastated  certain  parts  of  the  capital  city  ? 

The  guests  of  the  casa  grmide  escaped  with  their  lives 
that  night ;  but  no  more  would  the  walls  echo  to  the  sounds 
of  mirth  and  revelry.  Condemned  as  unfit  for  further 
occupancy,  it  stood  many  years  untenanted  ;  but  finally  the 
poor  of  the  quarter  took  up  their  habitation  there. 

Today,  in  one  of  the  rooms  on  the  ground  floor,  a  char- 
coal vendor  lives  ;  in  another,  women  are  forever  grinding 
corn  and  "spatting"  the  ^orli7/as  th3.t  are  the.  chief  item 
of  the  pelado's  daily  fare  ;  while  the  third  is  tenanted  by 
Conchita  and  her  grandam. 

Cargadores  wearing  the  broad  leather  band  by  which 
they  carry  hundreds  of  pounds'  weight  upon  their  backs  ; 
the  lenador  with  his  faggots  ;  the  aguador  with  his  water 
jars,  vendors  of  sweets  and  vendors  of  ices — all  lodge  be- 
neath the  roof  that  has  sheltered  the  petted  darlings  of 
fortune.     Sometimes  a  single  room  serves  for  two  families. 

Who  would  recall,  in  the  neglected  patio,  unswept  and 
unwatered,  the  fragrant  court  where  flowers  once  bloomed 
and  birds  sang  ?  Between  the  cobbles  grass  and  weeds 
have  sprung  up,  unchecked  ;  and  the  vines,  with  no  hand 
to  train  them,  drape  the  casa  in  a  mantle  of  green. 

The  waters  still  plash  musically  in  the  fountain  ;  and 
the  women,  coming  in  the  early  twilight  to  fill  their  jars, 
seat  themselves  upon  the  mossy  brim  of  the  basin  and  talk 
over  the  little  happenings  of  the  day. 

*  * 

Conchita  has  much  to  relate,  for  has  she  not  this  very 
afternoon  visited  the  Bucareli  ring  in  company  with  Pedro, 
the  small  son  of  old  Pedro  ? 

The  women  listen  breathlessly  while  she  tells  how 
Manuel,  the  matador^  escaped  the  horns  of  the  bull — those 
cruel  horns  that  grazed  the  dainty  embroidered  jacket 
when  Manuel's  foot  slipped  in  a  pool  of  blood  that  had 
been  left  unspaded. 

Conchita  is  the  beauty  of  the  court,  and,  indeed,  of  the 
neighborhood  as  well.     When  the  women  fill  their  red  jars 


TALES    TOLD    IN    THE    PATIO. 


383 


PEDRO  The  younger  and  "  BENITO. 


at  the  fountain,  coming-  and  g^oingf  in  frieze-like  proces- 
sions, one  takes  note  of  Conchita  among-  all  the  rest.  The 
g-raceful  poise  of  the  head,  the  free,  lig-ht  step,  the  rounded 
prettiness  of  the  bare  arm,  uplifted  to  stead}^  the  jar  upon 
her  head — ah,  fame  awaits  the  artist  who  can  limn  it,  the 
sculptor  who  transfixes  it  in  marble! 

Two  3^ears  had  Manuel  lived  in  the  court,  and  Conchita 
and  the  lad  were  sweethearts.  One  year  ago  he  had  gone 
away  ;  and  now  he  is  a  great  matador. 

When  the  bug-le  sounds  and  he  comes  into  the  ring  on  his 
big,  black  horse,  at  the  head  of  the  procession  of  toreros, 
handerilleros  and  :picadores,  all  the  people  cheer.  And 
when  he  steps  so  calmly    into   the   path  of  the  charg-ing 


384  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

bull,  darting  aside  and  returning*  to  the  attack  until  the 
opportunity  arrives  for  sheathing  his  blade  in  the  animal's 
bod}',  the  spectators  sit  silent,  watching  his  every  move- 
ment. But  when,  with  blood  gushing  from  mouth  and 
nose,  to?v  lies  stretched  upon  the  sand  of  the  arena,  the 
matadors  foot  upon  his  neck,  then  pandemonium  breaks 
forth.  Sombreros  are  thrown  in  the  air,  while  shouts  of 
"  bravo,  matador!  "  sound  from  ever}-  side. 

Lovely  ladies  smile  and  wave  snowy  handkerchiefs,  and 
presently  the  matador  takes  in  his  hand  the  bauderillas 
that  were  first  planted  in  the  bull's  hide  —  gorgeousl}-  be- 
ribboned  affairs  —  and  mounting  his  horse  rides  slowly 
around  the  arena,  seeking  the  "fairest  of  the  fair,"  to 
whom  the  bauderillas  are  given. 

Ah,  it  is  a  great  thing  to  be  matador — much  greater 
than  to  be  president,  so  think  the  people  of  the  patio. 

And  Conchita  has  prayed,  with  all  her  foolish  little 
heart,  that  her  sweetheart  of  other  days  be  given  back 
to  her  —  that  when  he  beheld  her  face  he  would  deem  it 
fairest  in  the  throng. 

"But  when  I  saw  the  great,  black  bull  charge  upon  him 
—  even  in  the  moment  that  his  foot  slipped,  I  said, 
'  Mother  of  God,  I  renounce  him  !  Save  him,  only  save 
him!'  And  it  is  well,"  continues  Conchita,  confidently, 
"  for  is  not  Manuel  saved  ?  " 

Not  a  doubt  disturbs  her  perfect  faith,  no  tinge  of  bitter- 
ness mars  her  renunciation  ;  though  she  has  not  forgotten 
how  Manuel  looked  at  her  with  eyes  that  saw  not,  and 
bowed  low  before  the  daughter  of  the  governor  of  the 
federal  district. 

"It  is  well,"  Conchita  repeats  as  she  takes  up  her  water 

jar.  * 

*  * 

Old  Pedro  is  a  power  in  the  patio.  He  ownes  a  burro — 
an  animal  with  short  legs,  preposterously  developed  ears, 
and  a  phenomenal  voice — and  is,  therefore,  a  man  of  wealth 
and  influence.  According  to  Pedro,  never  was  there  so 
wonderful  a  beast — "so  noble  and  intelligent." 

He  stables  the  animal  in  a  corner  of  the  patio,  where  the 
family  coach  stood  in  the  days  when  the  Seiiora  kept  a 
carriage;  and  the  cheerful  "he-haw"  of  Benito  is  the 
first  sound  that  salutes  the  ears  of  the  people  of  the  patio 
in  the  morning,  as  it  is  last  at  night. 

Pedro  has  also  a  son,  as  I  have  related  ;  and  the  adven- 
ture of  Pedro  the  younger  and  Benito  is  discussed  in  the 
patio  to  this  day. 

You  must  know  that  the  Sixteenth  of  September  is  the 
Mexican  Fourth  of  July — that  is,    it   is  the  day  on  which 


TALES    TOLD    IN    THE    PATIO. 


385 


IN   THE   BUCAREU   RING. 


Mexico  raised  the  cry  of  Independence.  It  is  a  time  of 
feasting"  and  rejoicing-.  At  sunrise  the  boom  of  cannon  is 
heard,  and  the  roll  of  drums,  and  from  the  top  of  every 
flag--pole  in  the  cit}^  flutters  the  green,  white  and  red  flag-. 

Later  there  is  a  gorgeous  parade — thousands  of  Rurales 
in  line,  their  buckskin  uniforms  and  broad-brimmed  som- 
breros giving-  them  the  look  of  bandits  ;  dozens  of  floats, 
g-arlanded  with  green,  and  ablaze  with  flowers ;  bands 
crashing  out  the  national  air,  and,  most  important  of  all, 
^^  El Presidente^^  in  his  carriag-e  of  state,  with  his  cabinet 
officers. 

On  the  day  in  question,  old  Pedro,  with  unwonted 
celerity,  gets  himself  so  full  of  pulque  that  he  is  obliged 


TALES    TOLD    IN    THE    PATIO. 


387 


to  retire  to  a  sunn}^  corner  of  the  patio,  where,  undisturbed, 
he  can  sleep  it  off. 

Young-  Pedro,  with  great  forethought  for  one  of  his 
tender,  years,  decides  that  it  will  never  do  to  have  Benito 
idle  for  a  whole  d3.j,  even  though  it  be  a  holiday,  so  he 
hies  him  forth  with  the  burro. 

Attempting-  to  cross  San  Francisco  street  in  the  thick  of 
the  crowd,  Pedro  and  Benito  become  entangled  with  the 
parade,  and  thereupon  is  presented  the  spectacle  of  a  small, 
tearful  Mexican  bo)^  pulling  frantically  at  the  rope  halter 
of  a  refractory  burro,  who  will  persist  in  following  the 
carriag-e  of  ''  J^l  Presidente  !  " 

How  long  the  misguided  beast  would  have  kept  on  his 
way  unmolested,  had  he  not  lifted  up  his  tuneful  voice  and 
revealed  himself  to  the  occupants  of  the  carriage,  is  a 
matter   of    conjecture.     But  the}^    do   say  that  the  whole 


388  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

parade  was  brought  to  a  halt,  while  the  small  boy  and  the 
small  burro  were  extracted  therefrom.  And  it  is  further 
related  that  President  Diaz  was  seen  to  smile  as  he  spoke 
a  few  words  to  a  member  of  his  suite,  who  tossed  a  shining- 
^eso  at  the  feet  of  that  embryo  donkey-driver,  Pedro  the 
younger.  ./^ 

All  da}'  long  the  market  boats  come  and  go  on  the  Viga 
canal,  that  waterway  which  for  centuries  has  been  the 
avenue  of  trade  between  the  chinampas,  or  alleged  floating 
gardens,  and  the  City  of  Mexico. 

Pedro  the  younger  has  often  watched  the  boats  glide  by 
the  Merced  market,  laden  to  the  water's  edge  with  vege- 
tables, or  freighted  with  rainbow  masses  of  flowers  for  the 
flower  market  beside  the  cathedral. 

A  gift  of  imagination,  such  as  would  be  invaluable  to  a 
poet  or  a  romancer,  has  Pedro  the  younger.  As  he  sits  on 
the  top  step  of  the  flight  that  leads  down  to  the  water,  his 
velvet-black  eyes  following  the  movements  of  the  boatmen 
as  they  lazily  pole  the  boats  along,  he  pictures  the  en- 
chanted region  that  lies  at  the  end  of  the  waterway. 
There  are  forests  of  sugar-cane^Pedro's  white  teeth  snap 
suggestively — and  also  big  tubs  of  pink  pulque,  such  pul- 
(lue  as  he  has  quaffed  but  once  in  his  whole  life.  Surely  all 
things  delectable  come  from  the  wonderful  floating  gardens. 

When  he  is  grown,  he,  too,  will  be  a  boatman,  with  a 
wreath  of  scarlet  poppies  about  his  sombrero. 

But  why  wait  until  then?  There  are  lads  no  older  than 
himself  on  some  of  the  market  boats,  and  the  captain  of 
the  craft  as  often  as  not  lolls  in  the  stern  and  smokes 
countless  cigarettes  while  the  youngster  poles  the  boat. 
He  will  start  out  in  life  this  very  day. 

But  there  is  Anita — how  can  he  leave  Anita  ! 

It  is  an  open  secret  in  the  patio  that  young  Pedro  loves 
Anita  with  the  ardent,  undying  love  which  a  caballero  of 
ten  may  feel  for  a  senorita  of  seven  years. 

He  finds  Anita  "playing  house"  in  a  snug  corner  of  the 
patio,  outfitted  with  a  water  gourd  and  a  pulque  jug. 
Gripping  her  chubby  hand,  he  hurries  her  away;  and  onl,v 
when  they  are  sitting  on  the  top  step  of  the  flight  that 
leads  down  to  the  water  does  he  explain  to  her  the  momen- 
tous deed  which  he  is  about  to  do. 

But  Anita  prefers  to  return  to  the  snug  corner  of  the 
patio,  and  her  water  gourd  and  puhjue  jug.  She  is  afraid 
of  the  muddy  stream,  and  nothing  will  induce  her  to  go 
nearer  than  the  third  step  down.  So  Pedro  the  younger, 
with  a  mighty  scorn  in  his  heart  for  the  foibles  of  the 
weaker  sex,  takes  Anita  by  the  hand  and  stalks  gloomily 
back  to  the  patio. 


LAKE    TAHOE. 


389 


Lake  Tahoe 


BY    C      W.     DOYLE,    AUTHOR    OF       THE    TAMING    OF    THE    JUNGLE.    " 

Thou  miracle  of  blue  !     Thou  sapphire  g-em 

Dropped  from  the  skies — their  very  fairest  born  I 

No  Soldan  boasts  upon  his  diadem 

Thy  sovereign  excellence  ;  thou  may'st  adorn 

Jehovah's  crown  when  on  that  awful  day 

He  wakes  the  dead  His  judgments  to  display. 

How  lovely  art  thou  in  thy  summer  sheen, 

Breathing-  forth  piney  balms  and  sleep  and  health  ; 

The  laughing  airs  thy  dimpled  face  unscreen, 
Tempting  the  sun  to  kiss  thee  as  by  stealth 

Whenas  thou  sleepest,  and  he  with  kindling  chin 
Peeps  o'er  the  hills  whose  arms  thou  liest  within. 

But  when  in  winter  crowned  with  glittering  snow 
And  moonbeam  clad,  thou  wait'st  thy  coming  Lord 

Like  to  a  bride.  Earth  nothing  hath  to  show 
So  fair — for  fairer  naught  can  she  afford. 

Then  art  thou  worthy  God's  own  hands  to  lave, 

And  worthy  His  dear  feet  who  walked  the  wave. 

Santa  Cruz,  Cal. 


391 


y^TfS'^.Qgej. 


1 


jl 


i'^  Charles  Howard  Shinn,  whose  interest- 

ing- articles  on  the  wonderful  plant-breed- 
ing- experiments  of  Burbank  and  Purdy 
closed  last  month,  is  not  onl}^  one  of  the 
best  informed  men  as  to  horticulture, 
mining,  and  many  other  phases  of  Cali- 
Y  fornia,   but   a  writer  of  sound  repute  in 

\  the   East.     His    Slory   of   the   Mine^    in 

\  I  Appleton's  "Story  of  the  West  Series," 

^\  i^    standard    and     admirable  ;     and    his 

I       KJ  articles  in  the  Atlantic^  the  Century^  St. 

\^J^^  Nicholas,     New     York     Evcimig    Post, 

wH^^k  Tribune,    71?nes,    and   in   all   the    horti- 

^B  ^^  cultural     journals     of     repute,     are     all 

^H   ^H  marked  with  understanding.      With    an 

^m    ^B  excellent — and   often    highly    graphic  — 

^m      ^B^        style,  he   combines  a    gift    much    rarer 
^B  nowada3^s  ;  the  knowing  expertly  "what 

^^H  he  is  talking  about."     He    fairly   brims 

with  experience.  He  has  lived  and  seen 
and  felt  and  learned  ;  and 
it  is  only  out  of  this  abund- 
ance that  he  speaks.  And 
while  he  disclaims  being 
"literary,"  his  medium  is 
uncommonly  lucid  and 
telling. 

Mr.  Shinn  was  born  in  a 
log-  cabin  in  Austin,  Tex., 
April  29,  1852.  On  his 
father's  side  he  descends 
from  the  original  Quaker 
proprietaries  of  New  Jer- 
sey ;  on  his  mother's  from 
the  Mayflower  Puritans. 
After  long  experience  of 
other  frontiers,  his  parents 
settled  in  Alameda  county, 
Cal.,  in  1856;  and  he  has 
been  a  useful  Californian 
ever  since.    His  father  was  CdAKi^KS  howard  shinn. 


392 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


one  of  the  first  and  best  educated  American  horticulturists 
and  orchard-planters  in  the  Golden  State. 

Young"  Shinn  worked  on  the  farm,  went  to  a  countr}- 
school,  put  himself  into  the  State  Universit}',  earned  a 
State  diploma,  and  taught  school  in  Alameda,  San  Luis 
Obispo,  Montere)%  Shasta  and  Trinity  counties.  He  began 
to  publish  verse  in  1870  ;  in  1877-8  supported  himself  bj^ 
newspaper  work  ;  and  in  1879  joined  the  staff  of  the  San 
San  Francisco  BiiUetiri.  In  the  same  )'ear  he  published  his 
Rural  Handbook.  In  1882  he  left  the  Bulletin  and  went  to 
Johns  Hopkins  University,  where  he  took  his  degree  ;  and 
in  1884  lived  in  New  York  city,  doing-  miscellaneous  news- 
paper and  magazine  work.  His  first  important  book  was 
Mining  Camps  of  California^  published  by  the  Scribners  in 
1885.  Soon  after,  he  returned  to  California  and  became 
business  manag-er  of  the  Overland.,  of  which  his  sister, 
Milicent  W.  Shinn,  was  editor.  In  1890  he  left  the  Over- 
land to  become  Inspector  of  Experiment  Stations  for  the 
Agfricultural  Department  of  the  University  of  California, 
a  post  he  still  fills.  His  Story  of  the  Mine  was  published 
by  the  Appletons  in  1896.  Mr.  Shinn  lives  at  the  old  home 
in  Niles,  Cal.,  with  his  wife  and  little  daug-hter,  his  sister 
Milicent  (who  has  made  Ruth  famous  in  her  Biografhy  of 
a  Baby),  and  their  aged  mother.  Unassuming-  and  un- 
curried,  but  g-enuine  and  a  master  of  his  field,  he  is  one  of 
the  men  that  weig-h  in  Western  letters  and  in  Western 
science. 


* 


Another  voice  crying  out  in  the  wilderness,  and  not  in 
vain,  is  that  of  Mary  Austin,  of  Independence,  Cal.  Over 
on  the  remoter  slope  of  Whitney,  the  tallest  mountain  in 
the  United  States,  in  a  little  outpost  town  of  desert  Inyo 
county,  and  two  or  three  days  from  the  railroad,  this  serious 
little   woman  lives   and  works.     A  native  of  Illinois,   but 

moved  West  at  twenty,  Mrs.  Austin 
has  been  a  teacher  of  no  small  re- 
pute until  failing-  health  drove  her 
from  that  routine  to  a  freer  life. 
Only  about  three  years  ag-o  she 
settled  down  in  earnest  to  writing"  ; 
and  her  success  in  that  time  has 
been  comforting-.  Among-  her  first 
ventures  into  type  were  several 
poems  in  this  mag-azine.  One,  ''The 
Feet  of  the  Young-  Men,"  ranks 
among-  the  best  verse  called  out  by 
our  recent  wars  ;  and  another, 
MARY  AUSTIN.  '  Little  Light  Moccasin,"  has  been 


Dra\rtL  by  Florence  I«Hadbore. 
A  PAGE  IfROM  THE  DOXEY  RUBAIYAT. 


394  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

reprinted  all  over  the  country.  Besides  the  Youth's  Com' 
i>anion^  and  several  minor  mag-azines,  her  name  is  now 
familiar  to  readers  of  St,  Nicholas^  and  has  passed  the 
strict  portals  of  the  Atlantic  Monthly.  Her  work  in  verse 
and  short  story  has  a  quality  of  its  own  which  has  been 
promptly  recognized ;  and  with  her  close  touch  of  nature, 
her  refinement,  and  an  often  surprising-  strength,  she  has 
much  promise  of  growth  and  a  more  than  tolerable  success. 


Speaking  of  amateur  book-binding-  (see  page  28,  January  number) 
R.  H.  Beaver,  librarian  of  the  Tulare  Free  Public  Library,  writes  to 
a  point  of  no  small  interest.  It  occurs  to  him  that  '*  a  few  words  on 
preserving-  books  in  our  village  and  country  libraries  might  not  come 
amiss.  All  these  libraries  suifer  from  the  same  complaint — lack  of 
funds.  When  the  books  in  stock  begin  to  show  hard  usage  there 
generally  is  not  money  available  to  buy  the  best  current  books  and 
repair  the  old  ones.  To  keep  this  library  up  to  its  efficiency,  I  taught 
myself  rough  book-binding.  As  a  result,  in  the  past  three  years  but 
three  books  have  been  thrown  away  as  worn  out.  Not  everyone  can 
do  fancy  book-binding ;  but  anyone  of  ordinary  perseverance  and 
handiness  can  bind  books  strongly  if  roughly. 

"In  this  library,  for  nearly  a  year,  nothing  was  used  in  covering  the 
boards  but  plain,  closely  woven  linen  or  hoUand.  Then  regular  book- 
cloth  was  procured ;  for  by  that  time  all  the  tools  used  by  the  libra- 
rian had  evolved.  These  tools,  by  the  way,  are  few  in  number  and  of 
home  construction.  They  may  be  fearfully  and  wonderfully  made, 
but  they  do  the  work.  They  are  ;  a  wooden  mallet,  a  steel  hammer, 
a  stitch ing-bench  or  table,  one  pair  twenty-inch  clamps  (finishing- 
press),  and  one  strong  upright  press  built  along  the  lines  of  an  old- 
fashioned  '  down  East '  cider  press.  This  last  is  more  especially  for 
magazines  and  large  books,  crown  octavos,  etc.  The  cost  of  this 
plant  is  about  twelve  dollars,  and  it  has  bound  about  thirteen  hun- 
dred volumes  during  three  years. 

"If  a  book  when  opened  lies  flat  on  the  table  and  shows  the  stitches 
between  the  sets,  it  should  be  bound  at  once.  If  the  case  is  still  ser- 
viceable, rebind  it  in  that.  But  if  the  stitches  are  broken,  then  the 
novice  is  in  the  way  of  trouble,  and  it  may  become  necessary  for  him 
carefully  to  take  apart  some  hand-sewn  book  to  study  the  method  of 
sewing  and  master  the  intricacies  of  the  'kettle-hitch.'  But  all 
things  come  to  him  who  perseveres,  and  in  a  short  time  he  will  be 
able  to  do  good,  rough,  substantial  work. 

'*  By  daily  taking  from  the  shelves  all  damaged  books,  and  once 
each  month  mending  torn  leaves  and  rebinding,  any  library  can  be 
kept  in  good  condition  with  very  little  labor,  and  at  a  cost  of  not 
more  than  five  to  ten  cents  per  volume." 


395 


The  Coward. 

BY  SALOMB  CBCIL. 

ggJl^HE  moment  had  come  when  Pablo  was  to  die.  Four  soldiers 
sS^i  •  tied  his  gig-antic  body  with  leather  thongs  to  a  huitzache  tree, 
JL  and  bound  his  cotense  over  his  eyes.  At  a  signal  from  the  cap- 
tain, twelve  ancient  carbines  were  lifted  and  twelve  simultane- 
ous shots  resounded  across  the  L/lano  del  Chilicote,  the  great  desert 
of  Northern  Mexico.  The  criminal's  head  fell  forward  on  his  breast, 
and  blood,  red  as  the  flaming  flowers  that  spotted  the  lylano,  gushed 
from  a  dozen  wounds.  The  body  was  cut  down,  the  surgeon  exam- 
ined it  a  few  moments,  and  pronounced  Pablo  Monje  dead. 

According  to  precedent,  the  body  was  not  buried,  but  left  that  the 
coyotes  might  come  in  the  night  and  devour  it ;  for  the  man  had  suf- 
fered the  death  penalty  for  the  most  heinous  of  crimes,  that  of  mat- 
ricide. His  aged  mother  had  been  killed  for  the  savings  of  years, 
two  hundred  pesos,  that  were  to  be  the  wedding  dower  of  her  only 
son,  whose  marriage  to  the  apothecary's  niece  had  been  fixed  for  the 
day  following  the  crime.  No  one  had  seen  the  fatal  blow,  but  when 
two  peones  passed  the  isolated  jacal  at  dusk  and  saw  Pablo  running 
as  for  dear  life  to  conceal  himself  in  the  branches  of  the  great  huit- 
zache tree,  suspicion  pointed  to  him,  especially  as  the  money  was 
found  in  his  pockets.  All  through  the  trial  that  followed  he  declared 
his  innocence,  merely  saying  that  his  mother  had  given  him  the 
money  at  supper,  after  which  he  had  gone  to  the  trees  to  cut  fuel  for 
the  morning,  and  that  he  knew  nothing  of  the  slaying  of  his  old 
mother  until  seized  and  accused  by  the  peones. 

Pablo  had  never  been  popular  with  the  pueblo,  for  he  and  his 
mother  were  from  the  South,  and  thought  themselves  a  shade  better 
than  the  rude  folk  of  the  frontier,  who  were  mostly  smugglers,  while 
Pablo  made  an  honest  living  by  guiding  pack  tra  ins  across  the  Llano 
del  Chilicote  to  the  distant  city  of  Monterey.  His  novia  had  groveled 
at  the  feet  of  the  juez,  praying  for  a  respite  ;  but  that  dignitary  was 
relentless,  and  Pablo  was  sentenced  to  die.  Twelve  days  after  the 
life  of  the  old  mother  had  flickered  out,  Pablo  lay  on  the  plain,  le- 
gally dead  ;  the  surgeon  made  his  report,  the  proceedings  were  en- 
tered on  the  records  of  the  court,  and  the  matter  would  have  been 
speedily  forgotten  by  all  save  the  broken-hearted  novia,  but  for  one 
little  incident.  When  a  pack  of  coyotes  sneaked  out  of  the  Canon  de 
Encinillas  after  dark  and  fell  upon  the  legally  dead  man,  tearing 
open  the  arteries  of  his  arm,  he  came  to  life.  No  bullet  had  pierced 
a  vital  spot.  He  was  alive,  and  had  no  remembrance  of  the  ordeal 
through  which  he  had  passed.  As  self-preservation  is  the  first  law 
of  nature,  his  benumbed  faculties  were  capable  of  but  one  sensation, 
a  desire  to  live.  With  almost  superhuman  effort  he  threw  off  the 
startled  animals  and  took  to  his  heels.  The  next  morning,  when  a 
party  of  curious  women — whom  no  money  could  hire  to  approach  at 
night — came  to  search  for  any  efectos  that  the  marauders  of  the  past 
may  have  overlooked,  they  found  Pablo  lying  on  the  floor  yet  alive. 
With  shrieks  of  terror  they  ran  to  the  pueblo  saying  that  they  had 
seen  the  ghost  of  the  murderer.  A  few  braver  than  the  rest  went 
to  the  jacal  and  again  dragged  Pablo  before  the  juez.  Don  Ger- 
onimo  was  wiser  than  pueblo  jueces  are  wont  to  be,  and  he  knew 
that  the  law  of  Mexico  says  that  no  man  can  be  tried  again  after  he 
has  been  pronounced  legally  dead  ;  for  such  things  had  been  known 
before,  when  a  local  law  was  made  for  the  purpose  of  allowing  some 
political  prisoners  to  escape  during  the  troublous  days  when  Max- 
imilian gave  up  his  life  at  Quer^taro.  Don  Geronimo  issued  an  order 
for  the  release  of  Pablo,  stating  that  although  he  was  yet  alive,  he 


396  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

was  legally  dead,  and  could  not  again  be  tried  or  even  detained  for 
the  crime. 

Pablo  slowly  recovered  his  health  and  senses,  tenderly  nursed  by 
his  novia,  the  beautiful  and  sympatica  Chalita,  the  Rose  of  the 
L/lano.  With  woman-like  faith  she  believed  Pablo  innocent,  and 
when  he  swore  by  the  memory  of  his  mother  that  he  was,  she  vowed 
that  their  wedding  should  take  place  on  San  Juan's  day.  But  a  new 
grief  was  in  store  for  them.  The  pueblo  padre  refused  to  perform  the 
ceremony.  The  man  was  dead,  he  said,  and  how  could  he  marry  a 
dead  man  to  a  living  woman  ?  The  juez  was  equally  obdurate,  and 
the  hearts  of  the  lovers  were  filled  with  sorrow.  At  last  the  uncle  of 
Chalita  took  pity  on  them  and  bade  them  make  ready  for  a  long 
journey.  He  would,  he  said,  take  them  to  some  great  city  of  the 
South  where  all  were  unknown,  and  they  could  marry  with  the  bless- 
ing of  the  holy  church.  He  would  sell  all  he  had  and  leave  forever 
the  L/lano  del  Chilicote,  and  he  doubted  not  that  his  skill  in  herbs 
and  simples  would  bring  him  speedy  fame  and  wealth  in  a  larger 
field  than  the  little  pueblo. 

It  was  a  witching  moonlight  night,  and  the  lovers  sat  in  the  patio^ 
holding  each  other  by  the  hand,  and  talking  of  the  future,  of  the 
momentous  journey  of  the  morrow,  and  of  the  past ;  for  Chalita 
would  talk  of  the  tragedy  that  had  saddened  their  lives,  and,  woman- 
like, she  persisted  in  asking  questions.  Hadn't  he  an  idea,  even 
the  faintest,  who  killed  madrecita,  who  was  so  good  and  hadn't  an 
enemy  in  the  world  ?  Who  could  have  done  it  ?  Couldn't  he  even 
guess  ?  And  with  her  dainty  face  and  glowing  eyes  so  close  to  his, 
and  the  moonlight  falling  through  the  branches  of  the  great  pome- 
granate tree,  and  the  odor  of  the  blood-red  fruit  to  add  intoxication 
to  his  senses,  he  told  her  the  truth.  He  and  the  madrecita  had  just 
finished  their  supper,  and  she  had  given  him  the  two  hundred  pesos^ 
and  bade  him  go  and  pour  the  shining  coins  into  Chalita's  lap,  that 
she  might  have  a  filmy  lace  veil  for  the  wedding  on  the-  morrow  and 
the  pair  of  garnet  earrings  in  the  tienda  that  were  coveted  of  every 
maiden  in  the  pueblo.  And  as  he  passed  out  of  the  door  and  turned 
to  throw  a  kiss  to  the  mother,  he  saw  enter  from  the  low  window  in 
the  rear  Antonio  Baca,  the  leader  of  a  band  of  outlaws  that  were 
the  scourge  of  the  Llano  del  Chilicote  from  the  border  to  Monterey. 
'Twas  something  he  had  never  known  before — that  sudden  fear  ; 
'twas  the  thought  of  meeting  death  without  possessing  the  rich 
treasure  of  Chalita's  love  that  drove  him  in  terror  to  the  huitzache 
trees ;  the  mother  had  always  said  she  would  die  for  him  ;  he,  per- 
haps, could  not  have  saved  her,  and  would  have  sacrificed  his  own 
life  in  the  attempt.  Chalita  would  forgive  him,  and  love  him  the 
more  because  he  had  lived  for  her  sake  ? 

When  he  had  finished  the  whispered  confession,  Chalita  tore  her- 
self from  his  embrace  and  in  a  voice  of  scorn  and  anger  cried  : 

'*  A  coward  !  a  coward  !  I  could  have  borne  anything  but  that  ! 
Even  had  you  been  the  one  to  give  the  madrecita  the  fatal  blow  I 
might  have  forgiven  in  time  ;  but  a  coward,  never  !  To  leave  her  to 
a  cruel  death  that  one  blow  of  your  powerful  arm  might  have  stayed  ! 
Just  heaven,  how  foul  a  fiend  !  From  my  childhood  days  have  I 
loved  the  brave  and  hated  the  cowards.  My  father  was  a  soldier,  as 
brave  as  he  was  good.  Ten  hundred  times  did  he  risk  his  life  to  save 
another,  and  it  was  when  the  terrible  Mescalero  Apaches  attacked 
this  very  house  that  he  met  his  death,  thrusting  his  own  body  between 
that  of  his  compadte  and  the  deadly  aim  of  a  warrior.  And  five 
years  ago,  when  you  came  from  the  South  and  passed  each  bintestre 
at  the  head  of  the  burro  train  for  Monterey,  I  loved  you  for  your 
bravery — you,  who  crossed  the  I^lano  del  Chilicote  alone,  with  many 
bands  of  outlaws  and  Apaches  scourging  the  land.    I  thought  you 


DIGGER   INDIAN    LEGENDS. 


397 


brave — so  brave,  so  strong,  so  handsome,  so  like  unto  a  god !  And 
you  were  a  coward  !  May  I  never  look  upon  your  face  again  !  And 
may  you  live  many,  many  years ;  and  always  when  you  close  your 
eyes  at  night  may  the  pale  face  of  the  mother  come  between  you  and 
sleep.     Oh,  go  !     Go  before  I  curse  you  more  !" 

And  out  into  the  night,  through  the  flowers  with  blood  red  tongues, 
with  the  words  of  Chalita  burning  in  his  ears,  and  the  weird,  ven- 
triloquous  cries  of  a  pack  of  coyotes  to  add  terror  to  his  grief,  Pablo, 
the  Coward,  wandered  for  many  hours  until  he  fell  as  one  dead  from 
hunger  and  exhaustion.  A  passing  pack  train  from  Monterey  took 
him  back  to  the  pueblo,  and  ever  after  he  was  bereft  of  reason. 
Pablo,  the  Ivoco,  he  was  now  called,  and  none  refused  him  food  or 
shelter,  for  God  had  meted  out  his  punishment.  For  years  the  story 
was  told  and  retold  to  little  children  at  their  mother's  knee  of  the 
living  man  who  was  legally  dead.  And  one  there  was,  she  who  had 
been  called  the  Rose  of  the  L/lano,  who  made  a  loveless  marriage  with 
a  rich  smuggler,  and  whom  God  had  denied  the  great  gift  of  little 
children,  who  wept  in  secret  many  nights  as  she  sat  alone  in  the  patio 
with  the  moonlight  falling  upon  her  fair  face  through  the  branches 
of  the  great  pomegranate  tree. 

City  of  Mexico.  


'  Digger  Indian  Legends 

BY  L.    U     BURNS. 

IV.      THK    I.KGKND   OF  BDOOCHMB. 

HEN  Edoochme  was  born,  his  father  and 
mother  wrapped  him  in  fur  and  hurled 
him  down  off  the  Snow  Mountain  where 
they  lived.  He  sank  in  the  soft  earth  by 
his  grandmother's  wigwam  on  the  flat 
below. 

His  grandmother  was  out  digging 
huska,  the  ground-nut,  and  wailing  be- 
cause her  children  had  left  her.  Every 
time  she  plunged  her  stick  into  the 
ground,  she  wailed.  Every  time  she 
rooted  up  a  ground-nut,  she  wailed. 
Presently  her  stick  struck  the  baby.  She  rooted  it  up.  It 
began  to  cry. 

*  What  is  this  ?"  she  asked,  turning  it  over  with  her 
stick. 

The  baby  kept  on  crying. 

"  Is  it  huska,  the  ground-nut  ?" 

The  baby  kept  on  crying. 

'*  Is  it  ipha,  the  potato  ?" 

The  baby  kept  on  crying. 

'*Is  it  ipha-coo,  the  little  potato  ?" 

The  baby  kept  on  crying. 

'*  Is  it  euma-kaik,  a  little  baby  ?" 

The  baby  stopped  crying. 

'*  Is  it  the  baby  of  my  children  on  the  Snow  Mountain  ?" 


398  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

The  baby  lay  still. 

*'  Did  they  throw  you  down  for  me  to  keep  ?" 

The  baby  lay  still. 

So  she  knew  they  had  thrown  him  down  to  share  her 
wigfwam  and  dance  for  her  when  she  should  die.  She  took 
him  into  her  wigwam  and  tended  him  lovingly. 

When  he  grew  older  she  made  him  little  bows  and  ar- 
rows.    He  was  stout  and  fearless,  and  roamed  everywhere. 

**  Go  not  to  the  Snow  Mountain,"  she  warned  him  once, 
dreading  to  lose  him.  But  he  went,  and  stole  wampum 
from  his  own  father's  wigwam. 

*'Go  not  to  the  land  of  Rattlesnakes,"  she  cautioned 
him.  But  he  went,  and  teased  the  Rattlesnake  girls  till 
they  bit  him,  and  he  would  have  died  had  not  his  grand- 
mother bound  up  the  wound  with  the  bulb  of  the  red  lily, 

*'Go  not  to  the  Land  of  the  Sunrise,"  she  pleaded. 
**Heesee,  the  Grizzly,  will  kill  3^ou,  and  the  Hawk  girls, 
his  daughters,  will  laugh  to  see  your  bones." 

So  Edoochme  decided  that  he  must  go. 

He  went  first  to  the  burrows  of  the  Rabbits. 

*' Kun,"  he  commanded  the  great  Rabbit,  *'as  fast  and 
as  far  as  you  can. " 

The  great  Rabbit  ran  to  the  top  of  a  high  hill,  and 
stopped  to  rest. 

Z^For  shame  I"  cried  Edoochme.  '*  Little  Rabbit,  beat 
him,  and  you  are  mine." 

So  the  little  Rabbit  ran  like  lightning,  over  the  first  hill, 
over  the  second,  the  third,  the  fourth,  and  stopped  to  rest 
on  the  top  of  the  fifth. 

Edoochme  laughed  for  joy. 

**  You  are  mine  I"  he  cried.  *'  You  shall  be  to  me  eyes 
and  ears  and  sense  !"  and  he  tied  him  in  his  hair  where 
none  could  see. 

The  next  morning  he  started  out  at  sunrise  for  the  home 
of  Heesee,  the  Grizzly. 

He  had  not  gone  far  when  he  heard  his  grandmother 
calling:  *'  Cus-at-tha  ow-wo  !  Ka  noot  ? — The  wood  is  out  I 
Do  you  hear  ?" 

So  he  went  back  with  a  load  of  wood,  and  the  next 
morning  he  started  out  at  dawn.  He  had  hardly  reached 
the  hill  when  he  heard  his  grandmother  calling  again  : 

**  Cus-at-tha  ow-wo  I  Ka  noot  ?" 

He  took  back  two  loads  of  wood. 

The  next  morning  he  started  out  an  hour  before  dawn, 
and  had  almost  reached  the  Land  of  Sunrise  when  he  heard 
her  faintly  calling : 

**  Cus-at-tha  ow-wo  1  Ka  noot  ?" 

So  he  carried  back  three  loads  of  big  black  roots,  cudda- 


DIGGER   INDIAN    LEGENDS.  399 

wayhoo,  and  next  morning  he  slipped  out  once  more,  just  a 
little  after  midnight.  At  the  edge  of  the  dark  he  stopped 
to  listen.     All  was  still. 

*'Oke  wutte,"  he  muttered.  '*  Plenty  of  wood  this 
time." 

Before  him  rose  a  great,  white  mountain.  He  knew  it 
was  made  of  the  bones  of  those  who  had  tried  to  enter  the 
home  of  the  Grizzly  before  him,  but  his  heart  sang  in  his 
bosom.     He  was  not  afraid. 

As  he  walked  he  gathered  flint,  and  ground  it  to  powder 
in  his  hands. 

Soon  he  saw  the  wigwam  of  the  Grizzly.  Out  came 
Heesee  himself,  shading  his  eyes  with  his  hands. 

*'  Who  comes  here  ?"  he  cried  in  a  loud  voice.  But 
Kdoochme  dashed  the  flint  into  his  eyes,  and  sprang  past 
him  into  the  wigwam. 

Now,  if  one  once  got  into  the  wigwam  of  the  Grizzly, 
Heesee  himself  lost  the  power  to  kill  him.  But  his  malice 
was  unabated. 

Heesee  rubbed  the  flint  out  of  his  eyes,  and  followed 
Kdoochme  inside. 

"Welcome  I"  he  said  craftily.  *'  Live  forever  in  my  wig- 
wam I  I  am  getting  old  and  helpless,  and  you  will  be  a  son 
to  me,  Kdoochme." 

So  he  spread  a  great  banquet,  and  they  ate  all  night 
long. 

The  next  morning  he  said  to  Kdoochme,  "See,  my  son, 
my  feathers  are  worn  and  tattered.  Kill  for  me  the  two 
eagles  that  live  in  yonder  tree.  I  will  go  with  you,  though 
I  am  so  old  and  helpless." 

Kdoochme  took  his  club,  tightened  his  belt,  and  began  to 
climb  the  tree.  It  was  small  and  branching,  and  at  the 
top  was  the  Kagles*  nest.  When  he  reached  the  top  down 
came  the  Kagles  like  two  black  clouds,  screaming  and 
beating  at  the  branches  with  their  wings.  They  beat  and 
beat  till  not  a  limb  was  left  but  the  topmost  branch  on 
which  Kdoochme  sat. 

Then  as  the  Kagles  circled  around,  the  tree  began  to  grow. 
It  grew  taller  and  taller,  through  the  clouds,  above  the 
mountains,  till  it  flattened  against  the  sky.  Kdoochme 
braced  himself  against  it,  and  the  Kagles  swooped  on  to 
destroy  him.  With  a  mighty  blow  of  his  club  he  killed 
them  both,  and  they  fell  heavily  through  the  clouds,  and 
Kdoochme  was  left  alone  at  the  top  of  the  naked  tree,  with 
his  head  against  the  sky.  But  he  was  not  afraid.  His 
heart  sang  in  his  bosom. 

The  Rabbit  tied  in  his  hair  stirred  softly.  A  thought 
came  to  Kdoochme. 


400  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

**Down!"  he  said  in  a  loud  voice  to  the  pine  tree,  and  it 
began  to  shrink.  *'DownI  Down!  Down!"  And  it  was 
no  taller  than  it  had  been  at  first. 

Edoochme  sprang-  to  the  ground,  picked  up  the  Eagles, 
and  carried  them  to  the  wigwam.  Heesee  was  dancing  for 
joy.  because  he  thought  Edoochme  was  dead. 

'  Here  are  your  Eagles,"  he  said.  '*Why  do  you  leave 
me  when  you  take  me  hunting  ?" 

'*Oh  !"  whined  Heesee  sadly,  '*  I  can't  hunt  as  I  used  to. 
I  am  so  old  and  feeble  !" 

After  a  while  Heesee  went  out  and  buried  the  Eagles. 
They  were  his  own  sons,  and  his  heart  was  full  of  hatred. 

The  next  morning  he  said  to  Edoochme,  "Let  us  go 
sweat  together."  But  the  instant  he  got  Edoochme  in  the 
sweat-house  he  fastened  the  door  and  sneaked  away  to 
dance  in  his  wigwam.  Presently  Heesee's  nine  sons,  the 
Rattlesnakes,  crept  silently  out  of  the  rock  walls  of  the 
sweat-house,  and  the  Rabbit  in  Edoochme's  hair  stirred  un- 
easily. He  sprang  up  and  killed  them  all  with  his  club, 
and  carried  them  to  the  wigwam. 

**  Why  do  you  leave  me  to  sweat  alone  ?"  he  asked  Heesee. 

"Oh,"  moaned  the  Grizzly,  "I  thought  I'd  wait  till  it 
was  cooler.  I  can't  sweat  the  way  I  used  to,  my  son.  I  am 
so  old  and  feeble." 

He  went  to  bury  his  nine  sons,  the  Rattlesnakes,  and  to 
plot  a  deeper  revenge. 

The  next  morning  he  said  to  Edoochme,  *  *  Come,  and  I 
will  show  you  good  fishing." 

So  he  took  him  to  the  edge  of  the  Great  Salt  Water. 

" Kill  for  me  the  great  fish  here,"  he  said.  "I  hunger 
for  its  meat." 

Then  he  went  to  his  wigwam  to  dance,  for  the  great  fish 
was  his  son,  the  Whale,  and  many  were  the  fishermen  it 
had  dragged  to  the  bottom  of  the  sea. 

Edoochme  set  his  little  Rabbit  on  the  bank. 

"Wait  for  me,"  he  said.  "  As  long  as  you  can  see  this 
feather  in  my  hair,  I  am  alive." 

Then  the  great  fish  came  up,  and  Edoochme  speared  it, 
and  it  dragged  him  into  the  water.  For  ten  days  it  dragged 
him,  but  at  last  Edoochme  wore  it  out,  and  brought  it  in 
triumph  to  the  shore.  Little  Rabbit  was  crying  on  the  bank. 

"Why  are  you  crying?"  asked  Edoochme.  "Didn't  I 
tell  you  that  as  long  as  you  could  see  my  feather  you  might 
know  I  was  alive  ?" 

"  But  I  couldn't  see  your  feather,"  said  the  Rabbit.  "  It 
went  out  of  sight  over  the  edge."  • 

Edoochme  then  knew  for  the  first  time  that  he  had  been 
around  the  world. 


DIGGER    INDIAN    LEGENDS. 


401 


He  tied  the  Rabbit  in  his  hair,  and  went  to  the  wigwam. 
Heesee  was  still  dancing-. 

*'  What  are  you  dancing  that  way  for  ?"  he  asked.  "  Are 
you  glad  ?" 

**No,  sorry;  so  sorry  !  I  thought  you  were  dead.  This 
is  my  death  danc6." 

That  night  he  buried  his  son,  the  Whale,  and  the  fourth 
morning  he  said  to  Edoochme,  "See,  my  son,  we  are  out  of 
meat.  Kill  for  me  Adow,  the  deer.  I  will  show  you  where 
the  lick  is." 

So  he  took  him  out  in  the  woods  and  left  him  at  the 
salt  lick.  Soon  there  came  out  a  fine  buck  with  antlers. 
Kdoochme  shot  and  wounded  him,  but  as  he  started  for  him, 
down  from  a  gorge  came  a  Grizzly  as  huge  as  Heesee  him- 
self. Edoochme  ran  for  his  life,  with  the  Grizzly  close  be- 
hind him.  Edoochme  loosened  the  Rabbit  and  dropped  him 
under  a  fallen  tree. 

"  Find  ewas-sa,  the  Grizzly's  heart,"  he  whispered. 

Then  he  ran  on  in  a  great  circle,  with  the  Grizzly  close 
behind  him.  When  he  came  again  to  the  fallen  tree  he 
dropped  down  beside  the  Rabbit. 

*  His  heart  is  in  his  heel,"  said  the  Rabbit.  "Shoot 
him  there,  or  you  can  never  kill  him." 

On  blundered  the  Grizzly,  fierce  and  blood-thirsty.  As 
he  leapt  the  log,  Edoochme  lifted  his  bow  and  shot  him 
straight  in  Ewas-sa,  his  heart,  and  the  Grizzly  fell  dead. 
Edoochme  tied  the  Rabbit  back  in  his  hair  and  dragged 
the  Grizzly  to  Heesee's  wigwam. 

At  sight  of  him  Heesee's  heart  throbbed  big  with  hatred, 
for  the  Grizzly  was  the  last  of  his  sons,  and  the  most  be- 
loved. So  when  he  thought  Edoochme  was  asleep,  he  put 
feathers  in  his  hair  and  danced  all  night  long,  singing  the 
death  song  of  the  medicine-men. 


I 


The  next  morning  he  laid  his  hand  on  Edoochme's  arm 
and  smiled  cunningly. 

"You  are  a  good  son  to  me,"  he  said.  "You  have 
worked  hard.  You  have  killed  for  me  the  Eagles,  the  Rat- 
tlesnakes, the  Whale,  the  Deer  and  the  Grizzly.  You  are 
weary.  Come  with  me  and  I  will  give  you  a  little  pleasure 
at  the  swing." 

Edoochme  went  with  him  to  the  edge  of  the  Great  Salt 
Water.  The  swing  was  a  long  pole  balanced  on  a  rock. 
One  end  was  half  way  across  the  ocean. 


402  LAND    OF   SUNSHINE. 

"Crawl  out,"  said  the  Grizzly  g-leefully.  **I  am  an  old 
man,  and  feeble,  but  I'll  try  to  give  you  a  little  swing — just 
a  l/Ule  swing-." 

The  Rabbit  stirred  in  Edoochme's  hair,  and  he  set  it 
free.  Then  he  darted  behind  Heesee.  The  Rabbit  ran  out 
on  the  pole.  Heesee  squinted  his  eyes  and  watched  it.  He 
thought  it  was  Edoochme  grown  small  in  the  distance. 

At  last  he  pulled  on  the  pole,  and  the  long  end  flew  up 
into  the  sky.  The  Rabbit  jumped  off,  and  Bkesee,  seeing 
only  the  bare  pole  before  him,  began  to  caper  and  dance 
for  joy. 

*'He  is  dead  I"  he  cried.  "Edoochme's  dead  I  He's 
dead  I  Dead  I  Edoochme's  dead  I — What  ?"  as  he  turned 
round  and  faced  Edoochme.  ' '  I  thought  you  were  dead, 
and  I  was  near  being  crazed  with  grief  !" 

"Well,  I  will  give  you  a  little  swing  now,"  laughed 
Edoochme.     "Crawl  out  I" 

"  You  must  be  tired,"  said  Heesee. 

"  Oh  no,  I  can  give  you  a  little  swing.     Crawl  out  I" 

"But  I'm  so  old  and  feeble,  Edoochme  I" 

"  Oh,  I'll  give  you  just  a  little  swing  I" 

"But  you  are  my  guest,"  whined  Heesee.  "  My  son,  I 
am  old  and  feeble  I" 

"Crawl  out  I" 

"  Just  a  little  way  then  !" 

" Farther— farther— clear  to  the  end  I     I  did." 

So  poor  old  Heesee  had*  to  climb  to  the  end,  half  way 
over  the  ocean,  and  then  Edoochme  gave  a  mighty  push 
downward,  which  sent  the  Grizzly  flying  like  a  comet 
through  space,  and  flattened  him  out  at  last — against  the 
moon  I 

"  Thanks,  my  son,"  he  said,  leaning  down.  "  I  am  just 
where  I  wanted  to  be  !" 

And  there,  in  fact,  you  can  see  him  still  when  the  moon 
is  full — a  figure  like  a  cat,  stretched  clear  across  the  disk. 
Indian  children  never  tire  of  looking  at  him,  and  listening 
to  the  story  of  how  he  got  there. 

As  for  Edoochmee,  he  sent  Heesee's  daughters,  the  Hawk 
girls,  after  hjm,  and  they  are  the  morning  and  evening 
stars.  He  changed  his  grandmother  with  her  crooked  stick 
into  stone,  and  it  is  a  favorite  feat  with  the  young  braves 
to  jump  over  her.  Himself  Edoochme  turned  to  stone  also, 
and  he  still  lies  in  the  bed  of  the  Salmon  river,  with  his 
arms  and  legs  uplifted  in  arches.  The  Indian  boy  who 
can  swim  through  without  touching  will  never  be  harmed 
by  a  grizzly. 

San  Jos6,  Cal. 

*For  this  is  the  code  of  honor  amonsr  almost  all  Indian  tribes,  that  one  cannot 
refuse  to  do  what  he  has  challenffed  another  to  do.— Ed. 


403 

Journalism  in  California  Before 
THE  ''gold  Rush/' 

BY  KATHBRimS  A.   CHANDLER. 

n. 

HB  second  newspaper  of  California  was  not  a  spon- 
taneous g-rowth  of  the  soil.  It  was  a  transplantation 
from  the  printing-  office  of  the  Prophet^  a  Mormon 
journal  of  New  York  city.  As  early  as  Dec,  1845, 
when  arranging-  for  a  Mormon  colony  to  California, 
Samuel  Brannan  (1)  planned  to  take  out  a  printing- 
outfit  and  start  a  newspaper.  The  following-  February, 
when  the  Brooklyn  sailed  from  New  York  with  the 
colony,  a  press  and  other  newspaper  materials  were 
part  of  its  cargo.  The  Brooklyn  arrived  at  Yerba 
Buena  (2)  July  31,  1846,  and  in  September  the  press 
was  set  up  in  an  old  g-rist  mill  on  the  north  side  of 
Clay  street,  between  Kearney  and  Montgomery.  Here 
some  odd  pieces  of  work  were  attended  to,  such  as 
proclamations  of  the  naval  authorities  and  blank 
forms  for  the  alcalde* s  office. 
About  Nov.  1,  1846,  the  first  news  page  was  issued,  giving-  General 
Taylor's  official  reports  of  the  battles  of  May  8th  and  9th,  1846.  It 
was  one-half  sheet  of  the  paper  afterward  used  for  the  regular  Star, 
and  was  heralded  as  *'  An  Kxtra  in  advance  of  the  California  Star.** 
This  was  the  first  **  extra"  in  California. 

On  January  9,  1847,  the  regular  California  Star  appeared  with  four 
three-column  pag-es  of  thirteen  by  eighteen  inches.  It  announced 
itself  as  *'  A  Weekly  Journal  devoted  to  the  lyiberties  and  Interests 
of  the  people  of  California,"  with  Samuel  Brannan  as  publisher  and 
E.  P.  Jones  (3)  as  editor. 

Its  terms  of  subscription  were  $6  per  annum  for  one  copy  or  $10 
for  two  ;  its  rates  of  advertising,  $3  for  a  square  of  ten  lines  for  two 
insertions  and  $1  for  each  additional  insertion,  or  $2  for  each  half- 
square  or  less  for  two  insertions,  and  7Sc  for  each  subsequent  one  (4). 
The  prospectus  (5)  was  sig-ned  by  Mr.  Brannan  and  stated  that  he, 
having-  experienced  the  good  efi'ects  of  the  Press  in  diffusing  early 
and  accurate  information,  in  advocating  and  defending-  the  rights  of 
every  class  of  people,  in  detecting-,  exposing-,  and  opposing  tyranny 
and  oppression,  and  being  anxious  to  secure  to  himself  and  the  citi- 
zens of  his  adopted  country  a  free  and  untrammeled  newspaper,  had 
purchased  and  brought  with  him  a  press  and  materials  for  publica- 
tion. The  columns  would  not  be  open  to  party  politics — "  the  bane 
of  liberty,  the  usual  door  to  licentiousness,  and  which  defeat  the  true 
and  noble  objects  of  the  press."  The  fixed  purpose  of  the  paper  was 
to  advocate  and  defend  the  best  interests  of  California.  It  would 
speak  at  all  times  the  truth  of  men  and  measures,  regardless  of  fame 
or  of  how  it  might  affect  the  publisher's  individual  enterprise.  It 
would  give  the  latest  news  from  all  parts  of  the  world,  and  all  infor- 
mation that  could  be  obtained  relating-  to  the   '*  commercial,  agricul- 


(1)  For  Brannan  see  Bancroft,  Hist,  of  Cal.,  II,  728. 

(2)  San  Francisco. 

(3)  Jones  was  a  lawyer  from  Kentucky.    He  took  an  active  part  in  the  politics  of 
San  Francisco.     Bancroft,  Hist,  of  Cal.,  IV,  694. 

(4)  California  Star,  I,  1,  Jan.  9,  1847. 

(5)  Ibid.    The  words  in  the  abridg-ements  are  as  nearly  as  possible  those  of  the 
orlg-iual. 


404  LAND    OF   SUNSHINE. 

tural,  mechanical,  and  mineral  capabilities  of  the  country."  It  would 
eschew  everything  that  tends  to  the  propagation  of  sectarian  dogmas. 
It  would  be  independent,  "uninfluenced  by  those  in  power  or  the 
fear  of  abuse  of  power,  of  patronage  or  of  favor."  It  intended  to 
be  a  permanent  paper,  and  as  soon  as  possible  would  be  enlarged. 
As  soon  as  a  suitable  person  could  be  employed,  all  articles  of  general 
interest  would  be  published  in  Spanish  as  well  as  in  E^nglish. 

In  the  salutatory,  (1)  Mr.  Jones  said  that  the  anxiety  of  the  pro- 
prietor to  commence  publication,  and  the  absence  of  the  permanent 
editor,  together  with  his  own  convictions  of  the  propriety  and  neces- 
sity of  a  paper,  had  induced  him  to  edit  it  temporarily.  He  would 
be  governed  solely  by  the  interest  of  the  people  of  California.  Every 
possible  means  would  be  employed  to  ascertain  their  wishes,  and  all 
the  influence  of  the  Star  would  be  exerted  to  carry  them  out.  All 
private  pique,  personal  feeling,  and  jealousy  would  be  laid  aside  and 
the  endeavor  made  to  have  the  'Star  useful  and  interesting.  Its 
columns  would  be  open  at  all  times  to  the  public  for  the  discussion 
of  all  subjects  of  general  interest. 

That  Jones  was  unable  to  live  up  to  the  spirit  of  his  salutatory  we 
shall  see  in  the  history  of  the  paper. 

The  paper  contained  the  American  version  of  the  latest  news  from 
the  Mexican  war,  letters  from  Washington,  Canada  and  Hayti,  a 
quotation  (2)  from  the  Washington  Union,  June  2,  1846,  and  a  pro- 
clamation from  Commodore  Stockton,  dated  lyos  Angeles,  Aug.  17, 
1846.  This  oflBcial  document  was  printed  in  both  English  and  Span- 
ish. An  editorial  urged  that  the  written  laws  of  the  United  States 
be  applied  to  the  territory. 

It  is  probable  that  the  military  authorities  considered  this  editorial 
a  criticism  on  their  administration,  and  that  they  warned  the  editor 
against  further  transgression.  In  the  next  issue  of  the  Star,  Jones 
is  **  grieved  to  see  attempted  interference  with  the  freedom  of  the 
press,"  (3)  and  while  he  scores  the  military  authorities  for  **  over- 
riding the  Constitution,"  he  assures  them  of  his  support  in  admin- 
istering "legal  laws."  From  this  second  number  on  there  was  a 
struggle  between  the  editor  of  the  Star  and  the  government  officials. 
The  denunciatory  pen  attacked  each  public  act,  whether  of  local  or 
State  importance. 

Jones  antagonized  would-be  contributors  by  his  manner  of  refusing 
their  letters.  At  one  time  he  issued  a  card  explaining  the  non-publi- 
cation of  letters,  saying  they  were  not  for  the  public  good  and  advis- 
ing the  writers,  if  they  wished  to  appear  in  print,  to  send  their  con- 
tributions to  the  Sandwich  Islands,  where  there  were  several  papers 
published,  or  to  the  United  States,  where  each  village  has  its 
weekly.  (4)  Again,  he  informed  his  readers  that  many  communica- 
tions were  "consigned  to  the  barrel,"  because  the  editor  could  not 
spend  three  or  four  hours  re-writing  an  article  or  punctuating  it  and 
making  it  grammatical.  (5)  Also  he  could  "  not  publish  all  thoughts 
at  the  present  time",  (6)  a  hit  at  the  censorship  of  the  authorities. 

Brannan  tried  to  abate  his  editor's  virulence,  but  business  called 
him  to  Salt  Lake  shortly  after  the  paper  was  started.   Before  leaving 


(1)  Ca///or«ia.S"/tfr,  1,1,  Jan.  9,  1847. 

(2)  The  quotation  stated  that  th«  magnetic  teleorraph  was  now  completed  between 
New  York  and  Washlnirton. 

(3)  California  Star,  I,  2,  Jan.  16, 1847.    I  find  no  authority  for  the  censorship  of  the 
preas,  but  it  is  implied  in  many  of  Jones's  editorials. 

(4)  California  Star,  I,  3,  Jan.  23, 1847. 

(5)  California  Star,  I,  6,  Feb,  13, 1847. 

(6)  Ibid. 


JOURNALISM    BEFORE    THE    "GOLD    RUSH."  40S 

he  instructed  the  printers,  Edward  C.  Kemble  (1)  and  John  Eagfar,  (2) 
to  see  that  Jones  did  not  exceed  the  bounds  of  decency.  Jones  re- 
sented this  censorship.  The  printers  would  not  put  in  type  his  most 
malignant  attacks,  and  so  he  withdrew  from  the  paper  and  '*  resumed 
his  profession." 

April  17,  1847,  Brannan  being  absent,  Kemble  and  Eagar  assumed 
charge  of  the  editorial  as  well  as  the  mechanical  department.  This 
change  insured  the  life  of  the  Star.  Kemble's  tone  was  calm  and 
won  the  confidence  of  the  community.  On  Brannan' s  return  Kemble 
was  appointed  editor  and  continued  so  during  the  life  of  the  Cali- 
fornia Star.  Under  his  guidance,  the  paper  threw  its  influence  for 
establishing  peace  and  order. 

During  the  first  volume  of  the  California  Star  the  important  part 
of  its  contents  was  the  Proclamations  issued  to  establish  a  govern- 
ment.    These  were  always  printed  both  in  Spanish  and  English. 

Letters  from  the  United  States,  Mexico  and  the  Sandwich  Islands 
furnished  news  from  the  outer  world,  while  the  local  matters  of  in- 
terest were  the  action  of  the  alcalde  and  the  ever-surprising  Cali- 
fornia weather.     One  corner  was  devoted  to  a  *'  Marine  Journal." 

The  advertisements  reflected  the  development  of  the  town.  A 
solitary  one,  the  legal  professional  card  of  Editor  Jones,  appeared  in 
the  issue  of  Jan.  16,  but  by  August  14  several  columns  were  filled 
with  various  commercial  and  professional  notices. 

Occasionally,  it  attacked  its  rival,  The  Californian,  which  had 
trespassed  on  its  territory,  and  battle  was  returned. 

Volume  two  opened  on  January  8,  1848,  and  in  the  third  number 
was  enlarged  to  eighteen  by  twenty-two  and  a  half  inches.  Soon 
afterward  the  paper  instituted  the  booming  of  California.  A  series 
of  articles  on  the  *'  History  of  California  "  by  Agricola  were  followed 
by  the  ''Prospects  of  California,"  from  the  pen  of  Dr.  Fouregeaud, 
(3)  giving  descriptions  of  the  different  sections  of  the  State.  These 
furnished  material  for  an  **  extra  sheet,"  made  up  on  April  1,  1848, 
for  circulation  in  the  East,  and  dispatched  Overland.  There  were 
2,000  in  this  "  first  Eastern  edition  "  of  a  California  paper,  and  it 
was  promised  that  another  Eastern  edition  should  be  prepared  for 
the  first  of  July.  Before  that  day  arrived  the  gold  excitement  had 
carried  the  printers  away  and  left  the  editor  unable  to  fulfill  his 
promise. 

When  the  discovery  of  gold  was  announced,  the  editor  of  the  Cali- 
fornia Star  made  an  investigating  trip  to  New  Helvetia,  and,  on  his 
return,  assured  his  readers  that  there  were  nothing  to  the  reports.  May 
20,  he  regarded  the  gold  fever  as  "  a  terrible  visitant."  The  reports 
of  the  diggings  were  "  superlatively  silly,"  gotten  up  '*  to  guzzle  the 
gullible."  May  27,  he  reported  the  town  "deserted,  desolate, 
sombre,"  and  the  ranchos  deserted.  Mechanical  labor  had  risen  to 
$10  and  $12  per  day  and  was  hard  to  be  secured  at  that  figure.  On 
June  3,  the  garrisons  were  reported  deserted.  On  June  10,  he  said, 
*'  The  excitement  increases.  Over  one  thousand  are  engaged  in  gold- 
washing,  and  the  average  receipt  is  from  $15  to  $20  per  day."  He 
added  that  he  only  reported  conditions,  but  that  he  expected  the  ex- 
citement soon  to  calm  down  and  the  country  to  resume  its  normal 
condition. 

This  was  the  last  regular  number.     On  June  14,  a  small  sheet  was 


(4)  Kemble  was  a  printer  who  came  with  the  Mormon  colony  in  the  Brooklyn.  He 
probably  was  not  a  member  of  that  church.  He  was  a  man  of  ability  and  g°ood 
character.    Bancroft,  Hist,  of  Cal.,  IV,  698. 

(5)  Eag-ar  was  a  member  of  the  Mormon  colony.  He  was  a  clerk  and  printer. 
Bancroft,  Hist,  of  Cal.,  II,  787. 

(1)  Fourefireaud  wa«  a  physician  from  St.  I^ouis  who  had  come  overland.— Ban- 
croft, History  of  California,  III,  745. 


406  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

issued  to  give  notice  of  the  suspension  of  the  paper.  The  printers 
had  gone,  the  agencies  were  broken  up,  the  methods  of  conveyance 
were  destroyed,  there  was  no  means  of  getting  news — and,  he  might 
have  added,  there  were  few  readers  left.  The  California  Star  was 
'•  not  dead,"  and  it  hoped  to  revive  in  the  autumn,  perhaps  in  an  in- 
creased size,  if  the  circulation  demanded  it. 

The  attitude  toward  the  gold  discovery  of  the  two  California  papers 
of  the  period,  in  contrast  with  the  sensational  reports  of  the  late 
Klondike  strike  by  the  San  Francisco  press,  is  an  illustration  of  the 
change  in  journalism  in  California  during  the  past  half  century. 

The  two  papers  of  this  period  before  the  gold  rush  are  more  in- 
teresting than  papers  of  like  size  and  circulation  today.  They  are 
not  devoted  to  petty  local  gossip,  but  show  the  steps  in  the  develop- 
ment of  a  country  in  a  formative  period.  They  were  issued  to  two 
classes  of  subscribers ;  one  the  citizens  of  a  conquering  country 
whose  government  had  not  yet  been  extended  to  the  land  ;  the  other, 
the  conquered  people  who  had  not  received  a  government  in  lieu  of 
that  of  which  they  were  robbed.  Both  papers  respected  the  Califor- 
nians.  (1)  The  conflict  in  Southern  California  was  reported  in  a  fair, 
dignified  tone,  wholly  unlike  the  garbled  reports  we  today  receive  of 
the  struggle  in  the  Philippines. 

Their  contents  give  a  picture  of  the  period.  In  their  proclamations 
is  seen  the  development  of  the  laws  in  the  interregnum  ;  in  their  de- 
tailed advertisements  is  noted  not  only  the  growth  of  commercial  and 
professional  enterprise,  but  also  the  lack  of  commodities  under  the  old 
pastoral  sway  ;  in  their  news  columns  is  found  that  California  had 
closer  connections  with  Mexico  and  the  Sandwich  Islands  than  with 
any  other  country. 

Their  influence  in  helping  create  order  out  of  chaos  must  not  be 
underrated.  By  upholding,  in  general,  the  authority  of  the  United 
States  naval  and  military  officers,  they  kept  public  opinion  ready  for 
a  peaceable  adjustment  of  the  laws.  By  treating  the  Californians 
with  respect,  they  calmed  some  of  the  indignation  aroused  by  the 
conquest.  While  not  so  independent  as  some  of  the  papers  of  later 
days,  they  certainly  adopted  the  wisest  course  for  a  critical  period 
and  left  a  good  example  for  journalism  in  a  conquered  country. 
Pacific  Grove,  Cal.  

Through  the  Golden  Gate. 

BY   LYNN   A.  CSBORN. 

The  lordly  sun  in  golden  robes  bedight 

Sinks  wearily  into  the  distant  sea  ; 

The  ghostly  clouds  swing  onward  hastily 
To  hail  the  advent  of  the  coming  night. 
She  comes  with  footsteps  mystical  and  light, 

Mid  opiate  echoes  of  the  god's  refrain, 

With  nymph-like  stars  that  follow  in  her  train, 
And  dance  a  wild  dance  through  the  vaulted  height. 

The  wanton  world  has  faded  with  the  day  ; 

The  breezes  sleep  and  silence  reigns  supreme  ; 
Old  Sybil  Moon  toils  up  her  weary  way. 

And  wraps  the  phantom  landscape  in  a  dream. 
Now,  spirit,  rise  !  flit  o'er  yon  starlit  sea, 
Knight-errant  bent  to  realms  of  mystery. 
Oakland,  Cal. 


(1)  The  white  popnlation  was  of  three  classes,  the  "  Californians,"  the  "foreign- 
ers" and  the  emijrrants."  The  "Californians"  were  of  Spanish  or  Mexican 
blood  ;  the  *'  foreifrners "  were  old  residents,  not  Californians  ;  the  "  emigrants  " 
were  late  tirTiva.la.—  Ca/i'/ornsa  Star,  1,9,  March 6, 1847. 


407 


"-'  The  Stanford  Case, 

AN    EMINENT    LEGAL    OPINION. 

The  following  expert  and  pertinent  comment  by  one  of  the  oldest, 
ripest,  most  famous  and  most  honored  lawyers  in  California,  John  T. 
Doyle,  was  denied  publication  in  the  New  York  Outlook  (religious) 
on  the  ground  that  it  made  no  odds  whether  Ross  was  right  or  wrong, 
since  a  university  with  only  one  head  could  not  be  right.  The  Out- 
look^ however,  gladly  published  the  attacks  of  smaller  men  at  a  dis- 
tance, ignorant  of  the  facts  and  enabled  only  by  their  noble  haste  to 
discredit  an  institution  in  the  West.  As  Mr.  Doyle  is  a  much  larger 
man  in  his  profession  than  the  Outlook  communicants  are  in  theirs  ; 
as  he  lives  practically  next  door  to  Stanford,  and  has  known  the 
University  from  the  start — and  its  founders  for  a  longer  period — and 
as  he  is  not  only  of  judicial  mind,  but  a  famous  opponent  of  many  of 
the  railroad  policies  with  which  Senator  Stanford  was  connected,  his 
words  have  weight.  The  '*  Pious  Fund  "  litigation  is  not  exactly  an 
obscure  episode.  And  this  magazine  has  asked  Mr.  Doyle  for  permis- 
sion to  print  his  communication. 

To  the  Editor  of  the  Outlook: 

The  Outlook  of  January  26th  contains  a  letter  from  Prof.  Ashley 
of  Harvard,  which  was  also  published  in  the  Nation  of  January 
31st,*  cautioning  the  younger  instructors  and  assistants  of  other  Amer- 
ican universities  not  to  be  in  too  great  a  hurry  to  accept  employment 
at  Stanford.  It  is  doubtless  an  act  of  charity  and  kindness  to  cau- 
tion young  men  against  being  in  too  great  a  hurry  to  do  anything, 
but  Prof.  Ashley  was  not  merely  inculcating  a  general  rule,  and  al- 
though he  admits  that  *'  the  evidence  is  not  accessible  by  which  the 
situation  at  Stanford  can  be  fairly  judged,"  he  plainly  does  prejudge 
it,  and  very  rashly.  He  assumes,  that  although  it  may  turn  out  to  be 
different,  the  fair  presumption  from  the  little  known  of  the  matter  is 
that  there  has  been  an  unjust  invasion  of  academic  freedom  at  Stan- 
ford, and  that  until  the  University  authorities  show  the  contrary,  their 
guilt  in  this  respect  is  to  be  presumed.  This  reversal  of  the  ordinary 
rule  is  the  more  censurable  because  there  is,  and  should  be,  in  all 
cases,  a  strong  presumption  in  favor  of  the  exercise  of  lawful  au- 
thority by  those  invested  with  it ;  it  is  a  received  maxim  of  law,  and 
common  sense. 

The  early  facts  in  the  Ross  case  are  little  known  ;  but  there  is  a 
feature  of  it,  which,  to  my  mind,  is  controlling,  and  which  is  never 
mentioned  by  gentlemen  who  write  about  it,  whether  in  the  way  of 
caution  or  comment.  It  is  this  :  Mr.  Ross  at  the  time  that  he  was 
notified  that,  after  the  close  of  the  term  his  services  would  not  be  re- 
quired, was  not  holding  a  permanent  appointment  at  Stanford,  but 
was  there  distinctly  on  probation^  and  had  been  so  ever  since  December, 
1896,  as  a  result  of  the  publication  of  a  slangy  pamphlet,  entitled, 
**  Honest  Dollars,"  illustrated  by  coarse  cuts  representing  labor  as  a 
wretched,  exsanguine  starveling,  and  capital  as  a  bloated,  over-fed 
fellow,  etc.,  signed  by  him  as  "Professor  of  Economics  at  Stanford 
University,"  and  issued  as  a  campaign  document  on  Mr.  William 
Jennings  Bryan's  first  run  for  the  presidency.  The  pamphlet  is  now 
scarcely  obtainable,  having  been,  as  far  as  possible,  bought  up  and 
suppressed,  but  it  was  regarded  at  the  time  as  a  serious  breach  of 
propriety,  aad  coupled  with  his  frequent  appearance  as  a  stump 
speaker  in  favor  of  free  coinage  of  silver  led  to  a  call  for  his  resigna- 
tion then.     This  was  afterward    withdrawn,   the  professorship  of 


♦And  answered  by  me  in  the  Nation  of  Feb.  21,  and  in  this  mag^azine  for  March.— Ed. 


^^  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

Economics,  Theory  and  Finance  suppressed,  and  he  appointed  Pro- 
fessor of  Sociology,  on  probation.  This  probation  resulted  in  his 
final  failure  to  obtain  approval  and  secure  a  permanent  appoint- 
ment. 

Prof.  Ashley  will  scarcely  deny  that  there  are  limits  to  what  is 
termed  academic  freedom.  A  professor  can  hardly  expect  to  retain 
his  position  in  an  American  university,  who  exercises  his  academic 
freedom  in  advocating,  say,  free  love,  polygamy  or  Mohammed- 
anism ;  probably  not  even  the  Ptolemaic  system  of  astronomy. 
Shakespeare  describes  one  of  his  characters  as  a  merry  man,  * 'within 
the  limit  of  becoming  mirth."  The  articles  of  war  punish  military 
and  naval  ofificers  for  *' conduct  unbecoming  an  ofificer  and  a  gentle- 
man." This  limitation  of  becomingness  attaches  to  all  responsible 
positions  in  life,  and  to  none  more  properly  than  to  instructors  of 
youth,  to  whom  their  example  as  well  as  their  words  are  constantly 
in  evidence.  The  authorities  of  the  Stanford  University  were  of 
opinion  that  Mr.  Ross,  during  his  period  of  probation,  did  not  show 
any  marked  improvement  on  his  conduct  of  '96,  and  concluded  it 
would  be  unsafe  to  five  him  a  permanent  position  at  the  head  of  a 
department  like  Economics  or  Social  Science.  Hence  he  was  ap- 
prised, in  November  last,  that  at  the  close  of  the  current  college 
year  his  engagement  would  terminate.  On  this  he  became  angry, 
and  threw  up  his  hand  at  once.  His  salary  was  paid  up  to  July  31, 
1901. 

It  will  hardly  be  denied  that  the  fact  that  Mr.  Ross  was  on  proba- 
tion, and  merely  failed  to  secure  approbation  and  a  permanent  ap- 
pointment, presents  no  question  of  academic  freedom.  His  appoint- 
ment was  under  consideration,  but  om^nibus  perpefisis,  it  was  deemed 
injudicious.  Stripped  of  exaggerations,  produced  by  temper,  that  is 
all  there  is  of  the  Ross  case.  The  case  of  Dr.  Howard  is  very  plain  : 
on  hearing  of  his  friend  Ross's  resignation  he  became  excited,  went 
into  his  class-room,  and,  to  a  body  of  students,  assembled  for  histori- 
cal instruction,  delivered  a  rabble-rousing  speech  on  the  outrage  he 
had  just  heard  of,  wherein  he  declined  **to  worship  St.  Market  street ; 
to  reverence  the  holy  Standard  Oil,  or  to  doff  his  hat  to  the  Celestial 
Six  Companies."  "His  address  was,"  as  the  Outlook  expressed  it, 
*'  a  capital  illustration  of  the  form  of  protest  which  a  college  in- 
structor ought  not  to  make."  It  was  an  outrageous  violation  of  all 
propriety,  and  he  must  himself  have  been  heartily  ashamed  of  it 
when  he  read  it  in  the  papers  next  day.  Dr.  Jordan  was  very  patient 
and  waited  some  time  before  calling  his  attention  to  it.  He 
probably  hoped  that  Mr.  Howard's  sense  of  propriety  would,  with  re- 
turning calm,  lead  him  to  some  voluntary  apology  or  expression  of 
regret,  and  the  efforts  of  friends  were  not  wanting  to  this  end. 
Nothing  of  the  kind  being  forthcoming,  he  wrote  concerning  an 
apology.  Mr.  Howard  declined  to  offer  any,  and  the  president  of  the 
university  had  no  choice  but  to  request  his  resignation.  Certainly  if 
the  acts  of  the  university  authorities  are  to  be  the  subject  of  review, 
the  students  are  not  the  proper  parties  to  whom  to  appeal.  Dr.  Jor- 
dan had  either  to  abandon  all  claim  to  authority  as  president  or  dis- 
miss Mr.  Howard. 

Whether  Dr.  Jordan  will  care  to  make  any  defense  of  his  course 
before  Prof.  Ashley's  self-constituted  tribunal  is,  I  think,  doubtful. 
He  is  not  a  man  who  shrinks  from  the  responsibility  of  his  acts.  A 
number  of  the  alumni  of  the  university,  resident  in  San  Francisco, 
met  and  formed  a  committee  for  the  investigation  of  the  affair,  and 
heard  both  parties  uuder  the  pledge  of  confidence.  In  their  report  of 
which  I  enclose  a  copy,  you  will  find  the  corroboration  of  most  I  have 
said  here.  john  T.  Doyi^e. 

Mealo  Park.  '  ' 


409 


More  About  the  Condescending 
Easterner, 


w 


liNDING  the  entire  convenience  of  the  Seligman  ''committee" 
to  answer — or  decline  to  answer — the  questions  I  asked  in  these 
pag-es  last  month  as  to  some  phases  of  their  peculiar  proced- 
ure in  the  Ross  case,  there  are  other  matters  to  be  at.  There  is  no 
disposition  on  my  part  to  hurry  the  g-entlemen  ;  no  "Very  Urgent" 
telegraphing.  The  truth  will  be  good  at  any  time  when  we  may 
come  by  it.  I  have  thus  far  merely  turned  the  thin  edge  of  the  wedge 
to  themward.  If  they  do  not  yet  suspect  that  I  know  the  case  and 
they  did  not ;  if  they  wish  to  lean  still  further  on  the  plausible  but 
broken  reeds  of  one-sided  bias-information  ;  if  they  still  think  that 
''evidence"  which  seems  ponderous  to  those  who  cannot  supply  the 
cross-examination  will  stand  before  those  that  can ;  if  they  do  not 
yet  regret  doing  what  I  am  confident  not  one  of  them  would  do  again; 
if  they  are  not  yet  a  little  ashamed  of  having  been  led  into  some 
actions  they  certainly  will  not  claim  to  be  specifically  proud  of — why, 
my  services  are  at  their  disposal,  and  beetle  enough  to  drive  the 
wedge  a  good  deal  deeper.  For  Academic  Freedom  really  is  involved 
now.  If  an  irresponsible  tribunal  2500  miles  away  can,  in  provincial 
ignorance  and  prejudice  and  on  confessed  half -hearing,  make  such  "a 
wow,  a  wiot  and  a  wumpus"  as  shall  resound  throughout  the  world 
and  distinctly  menace  the  like  whelming  of  the  pack  upon  any 
college  which  may  henceforth  dare  discharge  any  incompetent  pro- 
fessor— why,  it  takes  no  rare  wit  to  see  that  this  is  a  good  deal  more 
of  a  threat  to  Academic  Freedom  than  is  the  likelihood  that  any  col- 
lege will  for  an  ill  reason  discharge  any  professor  of  real  utility  to 
it.  Indispensable  professors  generally  stay.  So,  for  that  matter — 
and  in  every  college  in  America — do  some  stay  who  could  quite  as 
well  be  dispensed  with.  This  latter  fact  is  because  it  was  already 
hard  enough  to  face  the  storm  invariably  aroused  when  a  professor  is 
evicted  for  any  reason  whatever.  I  fancy  that  for  every  professor 
who  was  ever  unrighteously  discharged,  ten  thousand  college  under- 
graduates have  had  to  put  up  with  at  least  one  or  more  instructors 
who  did  not  quite  fulfill  the  unwritten  but  solemn  pledge  of  every 
college  to  give  its  students  the  very  best  it  can.  I  believe  the  action 
of  the  Seligman  I^ynch  Court  will  notably  increase  this  difficulty.  I 
believe  there  may  have  been  a  case  or  so  where  good  men  were 
indecently  unhorsed  from  college  positions  ;  but  this  is  not  yet  in  any 
danger  to  become  a  habit.  On  the  other  hand,  I  am  willing  to  put 
my  finger  on  some  such  sore  place  in  the  faculty  of  any  university  in 
this  country.  Dvery  college  man  knows  this  to  be  true  as  to  his  own 
college,  at  least.  If  there  were  nothing  to  consult  but  academic 
morals  and  measures  of  fitness,  this  would  not  be  true.  If  it  were  as 
feasible  to  discharge  a  professor  who  got  drunk,  or  gave  incom- 
petent instruction  to  American  young  men  and  women,  as  it  is  to  dis- 
charge an  office  boy  who  doesn't  sweep  honestly — why,  no  under- 
graduates would  be  longer  sanded  as  to  their  sugar.  The  reason  why 
men  who  are  not  quite  up  to  the  scratch  do  persist  too  long  in  our 
colleges  is  that  the  imposition  on  the  students  makes  no  uproar,  while 
no  professor  was  ever  yet  so  old,  helpless,  scant  or  disreputable  that 
the  removal  of  him  did  not  cause  a  fierce  protest.  Perhaps  in  our 
zeal  for  Academic  Freedom  it  would  be  as  well  to  remember  once  in 
awhile  that  our  colleges  have  not  only  professors  but  students.  The 
instructor  has  no  rights  of  tenure  which  overrun  the  rights  of  his 
classes  to  competent  instruction  and  an  honorable  example  in  morals 
and  taste.  So  far  as  I  have  seen,  not  one  critic  of  Stanford  has 
visibly  realized  that  there  are  such  things  as  college  students.     A 


410  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

professor  is  not  regarded  by  them  as  a  man  who  teaches  men,  and  to 
be  held  accountable  for  what  and  how  he  teaches.  He  is  a  Sanctity, 
to  draw  a  Salary  and  Be  Protected.     They  are  mostly  Professors  ! 

Now  the  Seligman  "  committee  "  is,  I  believe,  the  first  Academic 
Debs.  It  is  the  first  movement  I  know  of  to  introduce  into  Univer- 
sity circles  the  familiar  I^abor  Union  methods — the  Walking-  Dele- 
gate, the  Strike,  the  Sympathetic  Strike,  and  the  Boycott — the 
latter  so  eagerly  and  so  manfully  urged  by  Prof.  Wm.  J.  Ashley,  one 
of  the  **  committee's  "  signatories.  Anything  of  this  complexion  in- 
terests me  ;  and  doubly  when  (quite  in  keeping  with  the  Strike  role) 
the  Walking  Delegates  try  to  take  an  unfair  advantage.  I  have  al- 
ready charged  that  they  would  not  have  dared  attack  Harvard  on  the 
same  footing ;  and  that  a  chief  reason  why  they  dared  attack  Stan- 
ford to  make  their  strike  a  success  was  that  Stanford  was  Western, 
and  therefore  probably  wrong  ipso  facto.  Nothing  can  more  gratify 
me  than  to  have  them  defend  that  issue. 

At  any  rate,  the  war  is  my  war  so  long  as  it  wears  its  present  as- 
pects. The  West  is  some  other  things,  but  it  is  not  provincial.  Its 
people  not  only  travel  more,  and  thereby  have  a  wider  horizon  of 
comparison  ;  the  preponderance  of  them  were  born,  bred  and  educa- 
ted in  the  East,  amid  all  the  furnitures  of  culture.  That  is  one  rea- 
son why  they  have  duplicated — and  frequently  bettered — these  furni- 
tures in  their  new  home  ;  and  why  they  pity  what  the  ruder  of  them 
call  **  tenderfeet " — that  is,  the  ungraduated  provincials. 

If ,  on  the  other  hand,  the  Seligman  "committee"  does  not  care 
to  answer  my  accusations  (and  I  trust  it  is  intelligibly  evident  that  I 
mean  them  for  accusations),  there  is  no  Westerner  so  green  as  to 
*'feel  that  such  a  refusal  to  furnish  specific  information  in  a  case  of 
such  importance — in  which  it  is  charged  that  the  freedom  of  speech 
is  at  stake — is  itself  a  fact  of  significance  which,  to  say  the  least,  is 
much  to  be  regretted."  On  the  contrary,  I  should  for  one  take  it  to 
be  a  logical  continuity  of  insignificance^  Whether  it  would  be  **  to 
be  regretted,"  I  really  cannot  say — except  that,  feeling  more  than  a 
little  outraged  as  an  American  and  a  Westerner  by  their  procedure, 
I  should  personally  regret  it.  In  many  forms  and  for  many  years  I 
have  been  fighting  the  sort  of  provincial  ignorance  and  sectional 
prejudice  of  which  they  are  so  brilliant  exemplars  ;  and  as  this  is  a 
case  of  wider  and  more  generic  import  than  the  usual  manifestations 
of  "  tenderfootedness,"  and  as  they  have  given  me  a  whole  ammuni- 
tion train,  I  would  very  much  enjoy  seeing  the  fight  go  on  so  long  as 
there  shall  be  any  fight  left  in  them.  Only,  to  a  fair  fighter  it  is  fit 
to  give  the  Other  Fellow  a  chance  to  get  up  before  striking  him 
again.  And  to  that  end  I  await  their  choice.  Yet  I  realize  that  the 
same  method  of  reasoning  which  enabled  them  to  judge  Stanford 
wrong  beforehand  (and  that  they  did  so  prejudge  is  in  evidence  in 
their  own  first  letter,  printed  in  their  own  pamphlet)  can  be  extended 
to  feeling  that  a  Western  indictment  is  not  worth  minding. 

But  meantime  there  are  weightier  persons  to  consider — for  it  is  a 
case  of  a  black-and-tan  tail  wagging  a  St.  Bernard.  The  Seligman 
"  committee's"  victims  are  its  biggers.  I  think  they  are  all  blam- 
able  for  being  so  uncritically  confiding  ;  but  among  them  are  men 
who  would,  I  am  confident,  put  their  right  hand  in  the  fire  rather  than 
do  knowingly  what  I  think  they  have  done. 

The  New  York  Evening  Post  is,  I  take  it  (and  have  innumerably 
said),  the  weightiest  daily  newspaper  in  America.  It  is  therefore  the 
newspaper  which  can  least  afford  to  do  an  injustice.  Commenting 
editorially  on  the  Seligman  report  (which  its  "local  man"  manages 
to  preface  with  several  untruths),  it  kindly  "  dismisses  Mrs.  Stan- 
ford" as  **  doubtless  a  woman  of  excellent  intentions  but  obviously 
inaccessible  to  new  ideas."    I  believe,  myself,  that  Mrs.  Stanford's 


MORE    ABOUT    THE    CONDESCENDING    EASTERNER.    ^H 

intentions  are  pretty  good  ;  and  she  seems  to  me  quite  "inaccessible 
to  new  ideas"  of  the  Honest  Dollars  brand,  of  which  I  gave  a  faint 
idea  in  April.  Do  we  understand  that  the  Post  wishes  her  to  be 
*'  accessible"  to  that  sort  of  "  new  ideas"— which  I  fancy  were,  until 
April,  new  indeed  to  the  Post?  I  printed  several  pages  in  photo- 
graphic facsimile  from  Prof.  Ross's  great  work,  and  will  be  glad  to 
loan  the  electrotypes  to  any  Eastern  review  of  standing  which  wishes 
to  indorse  them  as  the  kind  of  thing  the  East  desires  from  college 
professors. 

From  contemptuous  "  dismissal"  of  Mrs.  Stanford — who  needs  no 
man's  contempt — the  Post  proceeds  to  say  of  Prest.  Jordan  :  "He 
has  sinned  against  the  light.  Instead  of  adhering  to  the  principles 
.  .  .  he  so  solemnly  urged  upon  Mrs.  Stanford  ...  he  gave  way. 
Whether  he  was  actuated  by  fear  of  losing  his  own  position,  or  by 
fear  that  further  dispute  between  him  and  Mrs.  Stanford  would  hurt 
or  even  destroy  the  University,  the  result  is  much  the  same.  For  the 
sake  of  a  possible  contingent  good  he  committed  a  deliberate  wrong. 
He  had  committed  into  his  keeping  a  great  trust,  but  ...  he  was 
recreant  to  his  trust.  Whatever  may  have  been  his  past  services  to 
the  cause  of  education,  whatever  he  may  do  in  the  future,  the  fact 
remains  that  in  the  crucial  test  he  has  flinched.  .  .  .  He  has  lost  five 
of  his  best  professors,  and  he  will  lose  more  at  the  end  of  the  year. 
He  has  made  Stanford  University  a  byword  and  a  hissing  in  the 
educational  world,"  and  so  on. 

Now  as  one  who  thinks  very  little  of  many  newspapers,  and  a  good 
deal  of  some  few,  I  can  conceive  of  but  one  thing  journalistic  which 
would  seem  to  me  more  dreadful  than  to  have  the  Post  say  of  me 
what  it  says  of  Dr.  Jordan.  That  one  thing  would  be  to  have  said 
myself  the  same  thing  of  an3'  one  if  it  were  untrue — not  a  deliberate 
lie  (for  that  I  cannot  pretend  to  take  into  account),  but  a  hair-trigger 
injustice.  My  regard  for  the  Post  is  of  a  kind  with  my  regard  for 
Jordan,  though  much  older — because  they  are  doing,  I  believe,  more 
than  any  other  one  newspaper  and  any  other  one  college  president 
for  the  truth.  But  knowing  in  the  si^ecific  instance  every  fact  the 
Evening  Post  knows,  and  a  hundred  facts  it  knows  it  does  not  know, 
I  can  but  feel  that  here  for  once  it  has  done  a  fearful  injustice.  I 
have  pinned  my  absolute  faith  to  the  Evening  Posfs  verdict  upon  a 
hundred  cases  I  did  not  know  anything  about.  But  this  chances  to  be 
a  case  I  know  root  and  branch.  If  the  Post  does  not  exactly  wish  to 
commend  Honest  Dollars  as  the  standard  for  Eastern  University  pro- 
fessors to  follow,  why  does  it  damn  the  Westerners  who  deemed  it 
improper?  And  if  it  did  not  know  what  Jordan  condemned,  how  does 
the  Post  condemn  him  ?  I  have  already  pretended  to  know  that 
Honest  Dollars — and  his  failure  to  outgrow  that  style — caused  Prof. 
Ross's  discharge.  Dr.  Jordan  knew  the  dreadful  pamphlet ;  the  Post 
didn't — and  I  feel  as  entitled  to  say  that  as  its  own  editor  can  feel. 

How  does  the  Post  assert  that  "Mrs.  Stanford  believes  in  coolie 
immigration"  ?  Does  it  claim  to  have  evidence  whatever?  If  so,  I 
will  be  glad  to  cross-examine  that  evidence.  How  does  it  assert  that 
Ross  "  offended  Mrs.  Stanford  by  advocating  the  free  coinage  of 
silver"?  How  does  it  assert  that  "he  [Jordan]  \i2iS  lost  Jive  of  his 
best  professors,  and  he  will  lose  more  at  the  end  of  the  year"  ? 

Does  the  Post  pretend  to  know  the  Stanford  faculty  ?  I  should  be 
sorry  to  believe  that  on  acquaintance  it  could  count  the  five  as  "of 
the  best."  Dr.  Howard  was  one  of  the  best.  Do  I  understand  that  the 
Post  thinks  it  fit  for  a  professor  to  arraign  the  University  to  his  under- 
graduates in  the  famous  words  he  used — and  I  have  taken  the  pains 
to  verify  from  his  own  mouth  ?  If  his  procedure  was  right,  are  we 
to  understand  that  it  was  right  to  hold  his  position  in  this  sink  of 
iniquity  ?     As  to  "  losing  more  at  the  end  of  the  year" — and  the  por- 


412  LAND    OF   SUNSHINE. 

tent  of  the  Post's  lang-uag-e  is  "  more  of  the  best"— again,  on  what 
authority  ?  And  do  we  understand  the  Post  to  commend  the  gentle- 
men for  holding  on  to  their  places,  till  the  end  of  the  year,  in  a  spot 
which  is  "a  hissing  and  a  byword"?  If  it  will  not  defend  them, 
why  mention  them  ? 

Without  being  much  of  a  prophet,  I  venture  to  record  my  predic- 
tion here  and  now,  for  any  enemy  to  plague  me  withal  when  he  can, 
that  not  one  of  the  *'  best  professors  "  at  Stanford  will  be  lost  at  the 
end  of  the  year,  nor  "several"  next  best.  I  also  venture  to  state, 
purely  on  my  own  knowledge  of  men  and  affairs,  and  defensible  at 
my  proper  risk,  that  Dr.  Howard  is  the  only  man  of  the  insurgents 
thus  far  who  rates  anywhere  near  the  first  rank — and  he  was  really 
in  it  though  not  the  first.  Furthermore,  that  there  is  not  one  man 
of  the  "best  professors"  at  Stanford  (and  I  shall  be  generous  in 
letting  the  other  side  define  "best")  who  does  not  feel  that  the 
Evening  Post  has  done  a  grievous  wrong,  and  that  it  has  been  im- 
posed upon  as  to  the  facts.  The  quiet  official  statement  of  an  over- 
whelming majority  of  the  professors — printed  beyond — will  do  to  pin 
this  point  for  the  present.  There  are  a  good  many  names  in  this 
list  I  think  it  lies  in  no  man's  mouth — not  even  the  Post's — to  call 
liars,  dodgers,  skulkers  or  men  that  "  give  way." 

As  to  Dr.  Jordan,  he  is  one  of  the  tenderest  hearted  men  I  have 
ever  known.  He  is  so  generous  as  to  have  written  some  things  I  would 
not  write,  to  have  pardoned  some  things  I  would  not  pardon.  But  I 
have  seen  him  tested  ;  and  to  talk  of  him  as  a  trimmer  or  time-server 
or  coward  is  not  only  silly,  it  tempts  me  to  draw  the  record  which  is 
accessible  to  every  reader  in  the  United  States.  He  is  better  natured 
than  the  rest  of  us,  being  larger ;  but  if  there  is  any  man  in  America 
who  can  be  trusted  to  stand  up  for  what  he  believes  in,  long  after 
the  last  of  his  critics  shall  have  fallen  down,  I  guess  Jordan  is  the 
man.  And  I  feel  quite  prepared  to  establish  this  estimate  by  the 
open  and  inevitable  record  of  a  national  affair. 

In  another  place  I  shall  perhaps  answer  the  Post's  editorial  state- 
ment that  "  the  issue  is  l)etween  wealthy  but  ignorant  trustees  on  the 
one  side,  and  sound  learning  and  morality  on  the  other."  In  the 
April  number  I  printed  samples  of  "  the  other."  If  that  is  "  sound 
learning  and  morality,"  I  guess  Mrs.  Stanford  is  both  "  wealthy  and 
ignorant."  That  is  all.  Except  that  I  am  glad  I  cannot  hurt  the 
Post  as  I  am  hurt  to  feel  that  for  twice  it  has  disappointed  me. 

Prof.  Harry  Thurston  Peck,  the  insatiate  editor  of  the  Booktnany 
professor  in  Columbia  (whose  head  economist  is  Prof.  Seligman)  is 
another  of  the  few  transgressors  I  care  to  reckon  with  :  because  he  is 
the  only  man  in  the  vast  reaches  of  the  East  whom  I  have  yet  dis- 
covered as  scholarly  enough  investigator  of  this  case  to  look  up 
Honest  Dollars.  So  far  as  I  have  seen,  in  a  fairly  close  review  of 
the  matter,  he  is  the  only  Eastern  editor  who  has  "  gone  to  head- 
quarters." And  of  course  he  realizes  how  impossible  it  is  to  defend 
that  awful  publication.  "  There  is  no  doubt,"  he  says  "  that  his 
[Ross's]  pamphlet  involved  a  breach  of  good  taste  and  academic 
propriety."  Let  us  be  humbly  grateful  that  there  was  one  Eastern 
editor  careful  to  find  out  thus  much  before  damning  the  West  por 
serlo.  "As  to  Prof.  Howard,"  he  continues,  "  his  conduct  in  criticis- 
ing the  University  authorities  before  a  body  of  students  was  so 
utterly  improper  and  in  such  shocking  violation  of  every  instinct  of 
good  taste  and  decorum  and  academic  discipline,  that  he  should 
have  been  summarily  expelled  before  the  day  ended.  No  possible 
excuse  can  be  made  for  him.     His  conduct  was  outrageous." 

I  have  heard  of  several  people  who  disagree  with  Prof.  Peck  al- 
most chronically,  but  perhaps  there  are  not  many  who  will  care  to 
tilt  with  him  on  these  estimates  of  the  twain  offenses. 


MORE    ABOUT    THE    CONDESOENDiNG    EASTERNER.    413 

But  beyond  this,  even  I  shall  dare  to  break  a  lance.  And, 
by  the  way,  does  Prof.  Peck  hold  that  Prof.  Howard  '*  should  have 
been  expelled  before  the  day  ended"  if  no  one  with  power  of  expul- 
sion heard  of  it  till  next  day  ?  How  literally  are  we  to  take  an 
Eastern  editor? 

I  know  Dr.  Howard  a  very  little,  and  fancy  Prof.  Peck  does  not 
know  him  at  all.  I  ag-ree  thoroughly  with  Prof.  Peck's  diagnosis  of 
the  oifense.  It  was  a  scandalous  thing.  But  there  are  some  remote 
Westerners  who  will  neither  expect  nor  wish  Columbia  to  expel  its 
g"ayest  professor  summarily  for  a  quick  offense,  unmitigated  by  so 
much  as  a  personal  rage.  Dr.  Howard  has  a  dynamite  temper  and  a 
long-  one  ;  but  he  is  otherwise  very  much  a  man.  It  might 
be  Prof.  Peck's  way,  like  that  of  "the  Duchess,"  to  "off  with  his 
head" — from  New  York.  But  if  Prof.  Peck  knew  this  hot,  strong, 
learned,  magnetic,  self-made  man,  a  power  among  his  students,  a 
man  among  his  peers,  a  scholar  always,  and  a  gentleman  when  not 
angry — why,  I  fancy  even  the  Rhadamanthus  of  the  Bookfnan  would 
let  him  live.  Anyhow,  I  am  glad  the  Stanford  administration  did  ; 
and  I  am  sorry  that  it  was  done  in  vain.  Dr.  Howard  was  labored 
with  ;  but  being  a  good  hater,  it  was  labor  lost.  He  was  discharged 
finally,  not  because  in  a  red  rage  he  did  a  foolish  and,  I  think,  inde- 
cent thing ;  but  because  after  two  months'  effort  to  show  him  that 
such  an  act  needed  apology  or  explanation,  he  was  still  too  mad  to  see 
it  in  that  way.  He  still  thought  it  was  all  right  to  say  what  Prof. 
Peck  sees  was  "  outrageous."  But  I  have  probably  been  too  long 
away  from  the  Only  True  Center  of  I^earning  to  follow  Prof.  Peck's 
logic  that  while  Howard  was  "  outrageous"  the  president  who  gave 
him  a  chance  was  worse.  In  other  words,  the  judge  who  does  not 
sentence  a  criminal  on  the  same  day  of  the  crime,  whether  the  case 
has  been  brought  before  the  court  or  not,  is  really  worse  than  the 
criminal!  If  needful  for  Columbia  horizons,  I  can  add  that  any 
"promise"  to  Howard  that  he  would  not  be  dismissed  for  saying -a^ 
wretched  thing  did  not  convey  any  promise  that  he  could  stick  to  it 
with  impunity.  I  dare  say  Prof.  Peck  can  understand  the  discrim- 
ination. If  he  still  prefers  to  think,  under  the  circumstances,  that 
Dr.  Jordan  is  the  one  who  is  "left  a  pitiful  and  abject  sight,"  I  can 
only  be  glad  that  his  usual  self-possession  does  not  desert  him. 

If  Prof.  Peck  shall  have  the  good  fortune  of  a  wife — and  with  no 
grudge  on  earth  against  womankind,  I  trust  he  may — and  in  some 
stress  of  nerve  the  lady  were  to  cry  out :  "  You  brute  !  Why  don't 
you  use  what  brains  you  have  ?"  I  will  agree  that  that  would  be  "  out- 
rageous." But  are  we  to  understand  that  Prof.  Peck  would  divorce 
her  "  summarily  before  the  day  ended"?  Or  would  he  give  the  poor 
woman  a  chance  to  get  over  her  neuralgia  ? 

But  it  is  his  genial  attention  to  Mrs.  Stanford  that  I  in- 
cline to  take  most  seriously — though  willing  to  leave  to  Easterners 
the  general  distinction  of  wife-beating  and  insulting  women.  These 
things  are  far  rarer  in  the  West  than  in  the  East,  even  in  proportion 
to  population — for  good  reasons.  There  is  not  a  mining  camp  or 
border  town  in  the  whole  West  so  "  tough"  that  a  woman  is  not  there 
safer  in  person  and  in  feelings  than  in  any  Eastern  city.  This  is 
notorious.  Every  man  knows  it  who  is  entitled  to  make  the  com- 
parison at  all. 

"An  illiterate  old  lady  who  regards  both  president  and  professors 
as  her  hired  men,  whose  opinions  and  teachings  and  index^endence 
she  has  bought  with  money" — this  is  Prof.  Peck's  delicate  New  York 
verdict.  Having  no  time  for  a  game  at  which  Prof.  Peck  is  expert,  I 
shall  not  quarrel  with  "lady",  though  I  understand  there  are  purists 
in  New  York  who  would  say  "  woman."  But  I  wish  to  ask  him  as  a 
man  for  his  authority.     How  does  he  know  she  is  "illiterate"  and 


41*  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

all  the  rest  ?  By  divine  revelation  ?  Does  he  claim  that  he  ever 
saw  her,  or  a  line  of  her  writing-,  or  a  certified  interview  with  her  ? 
Any  reason  to  believe  her  illiterate  and  all  that,  except  that  she  lives 
in  the  West  ?  How  does  he  know  what  she  '*  thinks"  ?  Now  I  am 
no  such  judge  as  Prof.  Peck  ;  but  I  do  not  deem  Mrs.  Stanford  illiter- 
ate ;  and  I  am  able  to  inform  him  that  she  doesn't  think  **  any  such 
a  thing-."  I  have  read,  I  think,  all  that  Prof.  Peck  has  printed  in 
modern  times  over  his  own  name,  Latin  and  all.  And  I  am  con- 
strained to  say,  from  what  I  have  read  of  Mrs.  Stanford's  own  fist, 
(and  of  course  in  my  necessarily  humble  Western  opinion)  that  I  have 
never  known  her  to  fall  below  a  plane  so  noble  in  its  humanity  and  in 
its  concept  of  true  education  as  I  have  never  known  Prof.  Peck  to 
surpass,  and  most  sincerely  wish  he  had  never  descended  from.  And 
I  wish  to  state  directly,  for  the  profit  of  those  who  may  care  to  ad- 
vantage by  it,  that  I  cannot  prove  this.  I  mean  to  leave  the  Selig- 
man  "  committee"  to  be  the  only  one  to  violate  confidences.  This  is 
merely  my  own  sole  opinion,  given  for  as  little  as  it  may  be  worth. 

It  is  now  ten  years  since  Stanford  opened  ;  and  longer  than  that 
since  it  was  founded.  That  would  seem  to  be  almost  long  enough 
for  even  Easterners  to  learn  the  structural  facts  about  it.  To  such 
as  care  really  for  education,  to  such  as  can  conceive  that  there  may 
be  education  west  of  Jersey  City,  the  fact  that  in  a  remote  American 
State  had  been  founded  a  university  twice  as  well  endowed  (ay, 
there's  the  rub  !)  as  any  other  in  America,  might  have  been  presumed 
to  have  some  prickle  of  interest.  If  it  did,  the  facts  I  am  about  to 
rehearse  have  been  accessible  to  them  for  a  full  decade. 

First :  It  is  part  of  the  charter  of  Stanford  and  part  of  the  law  of 
California  that  during  their  lives  the  founders  of  Stanford  "  shall 
perform  all  the  duties  and  exercise  all  the  powers  and  privileges  en- 
joined upon  and  vested  in  the  trustees."  There  is  a  board  of  16 
trustees  —  and  I  fancy  its  personnel  can  afi'ord  comparison  with 
other  boards  of  university  trustees — but  during  her  life  Mrs.  Stan- 
ford is  the  board  of  trustees.  If  the  Eastern  critics  knew  this  fact, 
might  it  not  have  been  as  well  to  give  a  faint  token  of  their  intelli- 
gence?   If  they  did  not  know  it — why,  let  thent  finish  the  argument. 

Since  one  can  never  be  quite  sure  of  the  provincial  mind,  I  ask  for 
information — sarcastically,  indeed,  but  I  think  in  good  faith.  I 
really  "want  to  know,  you  know."  It  would  be  all  right  if  twenty 
trustees  voted  a  professor  out  ?  At  any  rate,  it  would  be  better  ?  At 
least  there  could  be  no  talk  then  of  "an  illiterate  old  lady"  who  had 
offended  by  being  generous  ?  Anyone  desirous  to  pretend  that  a  col- 
lege president  would  be  cursed  if  he  "gave  way"  to  a  score  of  He 
Trustees  who  were  unanimous  with  him  in  believing  a  professor 
should  go,  but  thought  he  should  not  be  allowed  to  stand  upon  the  or- 
der of  his  going  ? 

But  I  want  to  know  specifically  what  Mrs.  Stanford's  crime  is — 
and  my  difficulty  is  the  greater  because  her  accusers  do  not  seem  to 
know.     Perhaps  by  foregathering  we  can  find  out. 

Is  it  that  she  is  a  woman  ?  Or  that  she  is  an  old  woman  ?  Is  it 
because  she  is  one  trustee  instead  of  twenty,  or  is  it  because  she  was 
once  very  rich  ?  Is  it  because  she  was  not  appointed  by  the  politi- 
cians, or  because  she  has  given  more  to  the  university  of  which  she 
is  trustee  than  all  the  trustees  of  all  American  universities  put  to- 
gether, I  fancy,  have  ever  given  ?  Or  is  her  whole  off'ense  against 
high  heaven  that  the  millions  were  given  in  the  West  which  the  uni- 
versities that  salary  her  chief  critics  could  have  used  so  much  more 
comfortably  ? 

Since  we  have  high  Eastern  authority  that  whosoever  does  not  slap 
this  old  woman's  face  is  an  enemy  to  education,  I  want  to  know  how 
to  guide  myself.     I  would  hate  to  think  myself  an  enemy  to  educa- 


MORE    ABOUT    THE    CONDESCENDING    EASTERNER.    415 

tion ;  but  if,  to  avoid  that,  I  must  beat  a  woman,  I  shall  have  to  go 
off  and  think  about  it  before  enlisting^.  Perhaps  I  should  rather  be 
willing-  to  concede  that  no  real  friend  of  "education"  could  flourish  in 
the  far  West,  anyhow. 

But  to  anticipate  the  reply,  thence  to  be  anticipated,  that  Mrs.  Stan- 
ford was  a  Money  Power  ;  I  will  thank  any  Eastern  g-entleman  to 
name  me  by  name  the  trustees  of  Harvard,  Yale,  Princeton,  Colum- 
bia, and  any  other  Eastern  university  its  advocates  wish  to  lug-  into 
comparison,  who  are  trustees  with  no  reference  whatever  to  their 
pecuniary  potency.  What  proportion  of  them  all  are  trustees  because 
they  were  famous  scholars,  authors,  statesmen  ?  What  proportion  of 
them  are  poor  men  ?  What  proportion  have  national  —  not  to  say 
international  —  reputation  for  intellectuality  as  distinguished  from 
"influence"  ?  Five  per  cent,  on  a  consensus  of  the  twenty  biggest 
universities  in  the  East  ?  Is  it  a  fact  that  ninety-five  per  cent,  of 
them  are  trustees  because  they  are  "solid  business  men  "  ?  If  not, 
it  will  warm  the  cockles  of  my  heart  to  learn  that  "education"  is 
really  changing  in  the  East.  But  I  fear  those  cockles  will  have  to 
warm  themselves  otherhow. 

If  it  be  true,  as  I  suspect,  that  over  ninety  per  cent,  of  Eastern  uni- 
versity trustees  are  still  "successful  men"  in  the  Eastern  sense,  again 
what  is  Mrs.  Stanford's  crime  ?  That  she  was  7nore  successful  ?  Or 
that  she  was  more  devoted  ?  I  will  be  glad  to  print  any  authentic 
figures  showing"  that  all  the  trustees  of  Eastern  universities  have 
g-iven  in  the  ag-gregate  so  many  dollars  to  education  as  she  has — or 
that  any  one  of  them  has  given  more  consecration — and,  with  the  fig- 
ures, my  humble  apology.  I  have  no  fault  to  find  with  Eastern  uni- 
versities for  getting  good  business  men  for  trustees.  I  think  enough 
trustees  in  every  boiling  should  be  of  good  business  sense.  And  if 
the  average  run  of  Eastern  college  trustees  are  any  smarter  than 
this  old  woman,  when  it  comes  to  business,  they  can  really  better 
their  fortunes  by  coming  to  California  and  teaching  the  natives — as 
some  have  before  undertaken  to  do.  As  for  her  educational  ideals, 
several  Eastern  colleges  could,  I  think,  greatly  profit  by  adopting 
them. 

I  am  in  earnest  in  wishing  to  understand  (if  it  may  fall  within  my 
small  mental  scope)  just  what  the  East  has  against  Mrs.  Stanford. 
The  West  is  relatively  young  (glory  be  !)  and  still  competent  to  learn. 
What  must  we  do  to  be  saved  ?  What  says  the  Oracle  ?  The  more 
trustees  the. better  university  ?  If  twenty  are  better  than  one,  then 
would  100  be  better  than  20  ?  Would  ten  thousand  be  better  than  one 
hundred  ?  Must  they  get  their  seats  via  politics  ?  The  less  they  do 
for  the  University,  the  more  voice  they  should  have  ? 

But  the  matter  grows  too  complicated  for  the  weak  Western  mind. 
Perhaps,  after  all,  the  only  trouble  with  Mrs.  Stanford  is  that  she  is 
a  woman,  and  that  she  gave  her  millions  to  a  university  outside  the 
East.     And — that  her  critics  knew  not  whereof  they  affirmed. 

I  would  be  last  to  plead  age,  sex,  geography  or  devotion,  in  extenua- 
tion of  sin.  But  Mrs.  Stanford  is  entitled  to  more  care  and  courtesy 
than  any  one  of  her  assailants,  without  exception,  can  make  any  pre- 
tense to  have  shown.  She  hasn't  sinned.  If  all  the  facts  ever  come 
out — and  I  hope  that  when  she  comes  home  she  may  release  them — it 
is  not  this  lonely  old  woman  who  will  have  to  blush,  but  the  gentle- 
men who  have  hastened  to  insult  or  patronize  her.  Finally,  I  will 
thank  any  one  to  direct  me  to  the  Eastern  board  of  trustees  who 
will  examine  Honest  Dollars  and « vote  that  it  is  the  sense  of  said 
board  to  call  to  a  chair  the  Professor  the  "  illiterate  old  lady"  ob- 
jected to  because  of  Honest  Dollars. 

i  Perhaps  it  was  not  sufficiently  evident  in  the  April  number  that  I 
was     "talking  Eastern"    in   calling  the   University    of    Nebraska 


♦16  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

"little."  It  isn^t  so  very  little,  except  to  the  audience  I  was  specific- 
ally addressing-.  Nebraska,  I  believe,  has  a  higher  ratio  of  coUeg^e 
students  than  any  State  in  the  Hast.  Prof.  Ross  has  now  been  con- 
firmed in  his  professorship  there,  by  a  strictly  political  vote,  the 
Fusionist  re/arents  supporting  him,  the  Republicans  opposing.  And 
he  is  to  have  $2000  a  year  instead  of  $1000.  Ah — perhaps  we  have 
found  the  key  to  the  Eastern  mind  !  Is  it  that  there  is  no  University 
«ntil  there  are  politics  in  the  board  of  trustees  ? 


"A  Quietus  from  the  Faculty. 

I^^HB  following-  dignified,  brief,  but  sweeping-  document  from 
v3y|  •  the  Stanford  .University ,  Council  has  been  published.  It  i& 
Ji  conclusive — except  to  such  Kastem  mentalities  as  prefer  to 
deem  these  men  rascals  because  of  their  geography.  It  deals  with 
no  side  issues ;  it  does  not  recog-nize  long--range  and  guess-work  im- 
pertinences. All  it  does  is  to  dispose  of  all  the  vital  facts.  And 
with  a  drier  sarcasm  than  I  expected,  it  addresses  itself  only  to  such 
people  as  care  for  the  truth  —  whether  they  knew  it  before  or  not. 
All  such  are,  indeed  (when  they  shall  discover  it),  the  **  friends  of 
Stanford."  The  Council's  quiet  wit  in  ignoring-  all  others  strikes  me 
as  about  the  most  delicious  thing  I  have  yet  seen  on  either  side  : 

To  the  Friends  of  Stanford  University: 

The  undersigned,  members  of  the  University  Council  [professors 
and  associate  professors]  of  the  Leland  Stanford  Junior  University, 
in  view  of  the  numerous  publications  following  upon  the  resignation 
of  Professor  Ross,  which  reflect  on  the  University  and  its  founder, 
and  on  our  connection  with  it,  deem  it  wise  to  issue  the  following 
statement. 

In  doing  this  we  do  not  impeach  the  good  faith  of  those  who  have 
interested  themselves  in  this  matter  because  of  the  question  of  Uni- 
yersity  policy  involved,  but  we  wish  to  affirm  our  confidence  in  the 
University,  its  Founder,  and  its  President. 

We  have  examined  all  records,  letters,  and  copies  of  letters  in  the 
possession  of  the  University  bearing  upon  this  case,  and  are  agreed  : 

(1)  That  in  the  dismissal  of  Professor  Ross  no  question  of  aca- 
demic freedom  was  involved  ; 

(2)  That  in  the  dismissal  of  Professor  Ross,  President  Jordan  was 
justified.    ' 

J.  C.  Brannbr,  Professor  of  Geology. 

O.  P.  Jknkins,  Professor  of  Physiology  and  Histology. 

Mbi.vii:,i,K  B.  Anderson,  Professor  of  English  Litera- 
ture. 

J.  M.  Stii.i,man,  Professor  of  Chemistry. 

Fernando  San  ford,  Professor  of  Physics. 

ChAS.  D.  Marx,  Professor  of  Civil  Engineering. 

Charles  H.  Gii.bert,  Professor  of  Zoology. 

DouGi^AS  Houghton  Campbei,!*,  Professor  of  Botany. 

EWAI.D  Fi^UGEi.,  Professor  of  English  Philology. 

Chas.  B.  Wing,  Professor  of  Structural  Engineering. 

Frank  Angei^i,,  Professor  of  Psychology. 

W.  R.  DuDi^EY,  Professor  of  Botany. 

A.  T.  Murray,  Professor  of  Greek. 

Juwus  GOEBBL,  Professor  of  Germanic  Literature  and 
Philology. 

Nathan  Abbott,  Professor  of  Law. 

John  E.  Matzke,  Professor  of  Romanic  Languages. 


MORE    ABOUT    THE    CONDESCENDING    EASTERNER.    417 

Georgk  M.  Richardson,  Professor  of  Organic  Chem- 
istry. 

James  O.  Griffin,  Professor  of  German. 

Wai^ter  M11.1.ER,  Professor  of  Classical  Philology. 

RuFus  Iv.  Green,  Professor  of  Mathematics. 

O.  ly.  E1.WOTT,  Registrar. 

Vernon  L.  Kei,i.ogg,  Professor  of  Entomology. 

lyiONBi,  R.  IvENOX,  Professor  of  Analytical  Chemistry. 

A.  G.  Newcomer,  Associate  Professor  of  English. 

Arthur  B.  Ci,ark,  Associate  Professor  of  Drawing  and 
Painting. 

F.  M.  McFarland,  Associate  Professor  of  Histology. 
Ci,EM.  A.  C0PEI.AND,  Associate  Professor  of  Electrical 

Engineering. 

G.  C.  Price,  Associate  Professor  of  Zoology. 

J.  C.  L,.  Fish,  Associate  Professor  of  Civil  Engineering. 

H.  C.  Nash,  L<ibrarian. 

Ei«wooD  B.  CuBBERi<EY,  Associate  Professor  of  Educa- 
tion. 

GuiDO  H.  Marx^  Associate  Professor  of  Mechanical  En- 
gineering. 

George  A.  Ci^ark,  Secretary  to  the  University. 

James  P.  Hai,i„  Associate  Professor  of  I,aw. 

Oliver  M.  Johnston,  Associate  Professor  of  Romanic 
Languages. 

George  J.  Peirce,  Associate  Professor  of  Botany. 

Herman  D.  Stearns,  Associate  Professor  of  Physics. 

Stanford  University,  Cal.,  March  18,  igoi. 


Thus  endeth  the  lesson  ;  except  that  I  would  like  to  add  a  word 
from  what  is  everywhere  conceded,  I  believe,  to  be  the  ablest,  most 
scholarly  and  most  influential  weekly  west  of  Chicago,  The  Argonaut, 
of  San  Francisco.  It  has  stood  for  fair  play  and  common  sense 
throughout  the  case — for  that  matter,  only  one  newspaper  in  San 
Francisco  has  espoused  the  cause  of  the  Remote  Imaginers  and 
helped  them  damn  California  because  California ;  and  that  one  for 
personal  reasons  of  familiar  record.  After  reviewing  the  above 
document,  The  Argonaut  sa.ys:  **  To  sum  up,  then,  all  of  the  Stan- 
ford alumni,  all  of  the  Stanford  student  body,  and  practically  all  of 
the  Stanford  professors  uphold  the  president  of  Stanford.  On  the 
other  side  are  a  few  newspaper  editors  who  know  nothing  about  the 
matter." 

Chas,  F.  IwUMMIS. 


418 


^S^ 


^v^. 


IN  THE 

LiON'S  DEN 


MORALS  The  utter  lack  of  a  genuine  moral  sense  in  many  people 

BY  whom  we  know  to  be  good,  is  one  of  the  curiosities  with 

HEARSAY,  which  the  student  of  his  kind  has  frequently  to  deal.  These 
people  have  consciences  with  very  good  ears  but  little  or  no  eyesight. 
What  they  have  always  been  told  is  moral,  they  follow  earnestly  ; 
but  when  it  comes  to  applying  the  old  principles  to  a  new  case,  they 
are  quite  as  like  to  blunder  as  not.  This  is  because  they  really  know 
no  moral  laws — only  moral  heirlooms.  To  them,  morals  are  not  an 
endless  golden  chain  of  logic,  but  a  mere  pocketful  of  nuggets. 

It  is  chiefly  for  this  reason  that  throughout  all  human  history 
many  of  the  most  religious  people  of  the  world  have  been  chronically 
on  the  wrong  side — so  long  as  the  right  side  was  new.  It  has  been 
the  Good  People  who  have  longest,  hardest,  and  most  bitterly  op- 
posed every  great  forward  step  in  religion,  in  thought,  in  freedom. 
Not  because  of  any  "  natural  depravity"  in  human  kind,  but  be- 
cause a  step  forward  means  using  j'our  reason  instead  of  your 
memory.  It  was  for  this  that  negro  slavery  (to  take  a  familiar  in- 
stance near  home)  stained  our  national  page  for  three-quarters  of  a 
century.  The  pulpit  was  full  of  scripture  texts  to  uphold  the  "  divine 
institution"  of  buying  and  selling  human  beings  at  the  block.  The 
nation  is  still  paying,  in  a  thousand  ways,  for  the  brutalizing  effect 
that  long  traffic  in  blood  had  upon  our  feelings. 

*' CURSED  The  pulpit  is  full  today  of  parallel  texts  to  defend  Wars  of 

BE  Conquest.     But  now  Science  is  brought  in  to  corroborate  the 

CANAAN."  Almighty.  One  of  the  things  that  would  be  funny,  were 
they  not  so  ghastly,  is  to  see  even  eminent  divines  comforting  them- 
selves and  their  comfortable  flocks  with  the  reflection  that  anyhow 
the  killing-oft"  of  weaker  peoples  by  the  powerful  ones  is  "  the  sur- 
vival of  the  fittest" — and  who  are  we  that  we  should  fly  in  the  face 
of  Evolution  ? 

NATURE  Now  Nature  has  no  morals.     She  can  neither  perform  right- 

AND  eousness  nor  commit  crime.     When  she  roasts  a  toddling 

MAN.  babe  alive  because  it  played  with  a  queer  little  red-ended 

stick  ;  when  she  slays  a  beautiful  young  woman  by  slow  torture  be- 
cause of  the  father's  folly  long  before  the  girl  was  born  ;  when  she 
makes  the  animate  world  one  vast  chain  of  tragedies — why,  no  taint 
of  sin  attaches  to  her.  Nature  can  deprive  but  not  rob  ;  she  can  kill 
but  not  murder ;  she  may  burn,  but  she  cannot  commit  arson. 
Neither  can  the  brutes.  Only  man  can.  Our  whole  category  of 
crimes  derives  from  the  basic  truth  that  no  act  has  a  moral  quality 
until  personal  responsibility  enters.  The  impersonal  cannot  be  re- 
sponsible. 

"  SURVIVAL  **  The  Survival  of  the  Fittest"  is  not  a  moral  or  a  social  text. 

OF  THE  It  is  not  a  text  even  in  science — nor  yet  a  precise  definition. 

FITTEST."   It  is  merely  a  handy  nickname.     It  means  not  the  survival 

of  the  Best  but  of  the  Strongest — who  are  of  course  "  best  "  when  we 


IN    THE    LION'S    DEN.  419 

deal  with  brutes.  It  means  not  the  survival  of  the  best  neighbor,  but 
of  the  creature  best  able  to  cheat,  eat,  rob  and  crowd-out  his  neigh- 
bors. And  among  the  chief  tools  of  this  evolutionary  process  is  every 
one  (except  perhaps  forgery)  of  the  things  which  are  crimes  when 
committed  by  man.  It  involves  the  destruction  of  the  weaker  at 
every  step.  The  brutes  never  '*  war  ";  but  through  every  moment  of 
the  eons  they  are  fulfilling  the  laws  of  evolution  with  the  intelligence 
of  brutes,  by  what  for  ourselves  we  call  murder,  cannibalism,  high- 
way robbery,  sneak-thieving,  bigamy,  rape.  These  things  are  essen- 
tial to  the  "  Survival  of  the  Fittest" — brutes. 

In  the  same  sense  the  same  things  would  vastly  promote      HOW  IT 
the  "survival  of  the  fittest"  among  mankind.    Polygamy,  for  WOULD 

instance,  is  much  better  for  the   "survival  of  the  fittest"  WORK, 

than  monogamy  is.  It  means  more  children  to  fight  and  beget  fight- 
ers for  the  family  advantage.  Yet  I  fear  these  same  reverend  gentle- 
men are  so  disrespectful  to  the  laws  of  Evolution  that  they  persist 
monogamous — or,  still  worse,  celibate.  Evidently  they  don't  really 
believe  that  they  are  of  the  Fittest. 

If  we  would  live  as  the  beasts  do,  killing  our  next  door  neighbors 
when  they  were  fat  enough  to  eat,  or  when  they  had  a  house  or  mate  we 
wanted  ;  tearing  to  pieces  the  deformed  or  infirm  or  "useless,"  steal- 
ing whatever  we  could  lay  paw  to,  getting  posterity  wherever  we 
could  by  force  or  favor — why,  in  one  century  the  race  would  be  regen- 
erated. Only  the  strongest,  fiercest,  quickest  of  eye  and  hand  and 
wit  would  be  left — in  the  evolutionary  sense,  the  Fittest. 

If  consistency  were  a  jewel  we  could  expect  of  these  rever-      WHERE  THEY 
end  apologists  who  can    wash    their    hands    so   easily    of  WOULD 

blood  in  a  smatter  of  science,  and  they  would  practice  what  "COME  IN." 

they  preach,  what  a  picturesque  time  we  would  have,  what  little 
time  it  lasted !  But  if  their  logic  were  generally  accepted,  they 
would  be  among  the  first  to  be  meat  for  Evolution.  They  would  soon 
disappear,  for  the  simple  reason  that  as  a  class  they  could  not  shoot 
so  quick  or  so  straight  as  some  other  fellow  who  hankered  after  their 
wives,  their  houses  or  their  "jobs"  as  ministers  of  the  new  Gospel  of 
Get-There. 

361  years  after  its  finding  by  Alarcon,  California  has  been      THE  DISCOVERY 
rediscovered  by  the  government   at  Washington  ;  and  is  at  OT  OUR 

last  something  more  than  pink  paper  on  the  map  and  a  CALIFORNIA, 

backbone  of  the  Treasury.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  example  set  by 
President  McKinley  may  be  made  a  continuing  precedent — in  one 
form  or  another.  This  is  a  rather  large  country  ;  and  it  is  only  com- 
mon sense  that  they  who  govern  it  can  govern  it  better  by  knowing 
something  about  it.  Only  two  of  all  our  Presidents,  if  I  remember 
rightly,  ever  before  measured  the  United  States  at  any  time  ;  and 
Mr.  McKinley  is  the  first  who  has  done  so  during  his  term.  Grant 
was  a  young  captain  out  here  before  he  became  famous,  and  touched 
California  on  his  return  from  the  famous  tour  around  the  world  ;  and 
Harrison  visited  us  as  an  ex-president.  But  really,  when  you  come 
to  think  of  it,  we  should  make  it  compulsory  for  all  our  presidents 
to  "  size  up  "  the  nation — and,  if  possible,  beforehand. 

The  great  disadvantage  of  Mr.  McKinley's  program  is  that  he  is 
too  welcome.  If  his  right  hand  does  not  forget  its  cunning  it  will 
be  no  fault  of  the  tens  of  thousands  who  wring  it.  As  a  bald  bar- 
gain, he  probably  would  not  take  his  year's  salary  for  "shaking" 
with  all  these  people  ;  to  say  nothing  of  the  tension  of  speechifying, 
banqueting,  receptioning  and  parading.  Still  worse,  it  is  not  in- 
structive, except  geographically.  It  is  the  last  way  a  President  would 
ever  find  out  what  the  People  think.     One  doesn't  row  with  a  guest 


^20  IN    THE    LION'S    DEN. 

over  politics.  Those  who  distrust  a  certain  policy  will  nevertheless 
be  glad  to  welcome  the  President  of  the  United  States  to  their  own 
provincial  burg,  and  may  forget  the  man  in  the  Ofifice — and  so  may 
he.  In  fact,  no  crowned  head  probably  ever  made  a  journey  in  which 
he  heard  more  "  nice  things"  and  fewer  critical  ones,  than  a  Presi- 
dent may  who  tours  this  republic.  On  the  other  hand,  emotional 
people  are  apt  to  forget  that  their  glimpse  of  an  august  personage  in 
a  decorated  barouche  does  not  at  all  alter  the  moral  principles  which 
were  before  they  were  born.  Gravitation  and  the  Golden  Rule  go  on 
just  the  same  as  if  they  had  not  Seen  Him.  All  Americans  like  to 
welcome  a  President  ;  and  if  it  is  pretty  hard  on  the  President  it  has 
its  alleviations.  But  really  neither  of  us  knows  any  more  of  the 
other  than  before. 

It  might  not  be  a  bad  idea  if  we  could  revive  the  old  American 
fashion  in  some  such  way,  for  instance,  as  the  Lincoln-Douglas  de- 
bates, *'  before  taking."  A  candidate  for  the  presidency  has  the  ad- 
vantage of  a  president.  He  is  less  like  to  be  killed  with  kindness 
and  choked  with  attention.  He  can  learn  more  of  the  people,  and 
they  more  of  him.  They  and  he  can  then  better  dissociate  him  from 
the  Place.  It  would  be  a  mutual  benefit.  And  after  election  it  would 
be  better  not  only  for  the  '*  outskirts"  but  for  the  whole  country  to 
have  a  president  who  had  some  idea  of  the  whole  country. 

Meantime  it  is  pleasant  to  feel  secure  that  it  will  be  long  before 
the  present  President  forgets  California  and  the  West,  either  geo- 
graphically or  for  its  hospitality. 

TIME  It  has  been  notorious  for  a  generation  that  the  Mission  In- 

TO  DO  dians  of  Southern  California  have  been  most  shamefully 

SOMETHING,  entreated.  In  all  the  **  Century  of  Dishonor"  of  our  govern- 
ment's broken  faith  with  its  wards  there  have  been  few  darker  or 
meaner  chapters.  It  has  been  one  long  story  of  oppression,  swind- 
ling and  downright  robbery  of  these  inoffensive  First  Americans  by 
the  *'  Superior  Race."  A  prey  to  the  agencies — or  at  best  mere  grist 
for  the  agent's  salary — they  have  been  steadily  the  victims  of  cow- 
ardly dishonesty  on  the  part  of  some  of  their  white  neighbors — 
cowardly  because  the  swindling  store-keeper  or  land-thief  would  not 
dare  try  the  same  game  on  anyone  who  had  any  recourse  of  justice  ; 
and  a  general  charge  because  the  decent  people  of  the  neighborhood 
have  permitted  the  disgrace.  It  is  a  thing  Californians  have  a  right 
to  blush  for.  It  is  a  sad  thing  to  have  to  say  that  these  Indians 
would  have  been  better  off  if  they  had  only  Mexicans  for  neighbors; 
but  it  is  literally  true.  In  a  State  proud  of  some  of  the  most  refined 
and  educated  communities  in  America  these  helpless  natives  have 
been  so  cheated  and  so  robbed  as  would  be  absolutely  impossible  in 
Mexico  or  Peru,  and  would  have  been  as  impossible  in  the  California 
of  60  years  ago.  I  am  not  guessing  at  this.  Every  thorough  student 
of  the  history  and  the  peoples  involved  knows  it  to  be  true — and  I 
know  not  only  the  documents  but  the  countries,  root  and  branch. 
For  that  matter,  if  our  Indian  Bureau  would  adopt  one-half  the  laws 
relating  to  Indians  that  were  in  force  in  Spanish  America  300  j'ears 
ago,  and  would  enforce  them  half  as  well  as  Spain  did,  it  would  mark, 
a  wonderful  step  forward.  Again,  let  no  one  who  never  "  studied" 
further  than  Prescott's  beautiful  romances  of  fifty  years  ago,  cry  out 
at  this.  Fortunately  there  have  been  scientific  students  since  Pres- 
cott's time.  Sometime  when  space  serves,  I  will  reprint  a  few  fair 
examples  of  these  ancient  Spanish  laws,  that  Americans,  even  if 
they  hate  Spain,  may  be  ashamed  to  lag  behind  her  in  justice  and 
mercy  and  truth  to  the  weaker.  And  with  the  laws  I  will  give  some 
sample  cases  of  what  happened  to  the  people  who  broke  them. 


IN    THE    UON'S    DEN.  421 

It    was    in  1883,  that  Helen    Hunt    Jackson    and  Abbot      EIGHTEEN 
Kinney,  as  special  ag-ents  of  the  g-ovemment,  reported  on  YEARS 

the  condition  of  the  Mission  Indians.     It  is  not  comfortable  TO  BOOT, 

reading-  for  an  American  jealous  of  his  country's  fame.  But  as 
truthful  a  report  now  would  be  far  more  stinging-.  I^or  the  more 
g-ood  people  have  come  in,  the  worse  it  has  g-one  with  the  Indians. 
I/ands  are  far  more  valuable  than  they  were — and  there  seem  to  be 
more  people  than  there  were  who  are  glad  to  steal  from  a  child  or  a 
cripple  or  anyone  who  cannot  help  himself.  They  value  ten  acres 
not  only  more  than  an  Indian's  life,  but  more  than  their  own  puta-. 
five  souls — and  in  the  latter  bargain  perhaps  they  are  right.  They 
recall  the  old  York  simile  :  "  Soul?  Why,  if  you  put  his  soul  in  the 
shell  of  a  mustard  seed,  it  would  be  as  lonely  as  a  bullfrog  on  the 
shore  of  L/ake  Superior." 

It  is  now  an  absolute  and  indisputable  matter  of  fact  that      AND  WH.\T 
the  Mission  Indians  of  Southern  California,  particularly  in  HAS  NOT 

San  Diego  county,  have  been  swindled  out  of  practically  all  BEEN  DONE, 

the  land  on  which  it  is  possible  for  even  them  to  make  a  living — even 
the  barest  living.  And  when  I  say  "swindled"  I  mean  it  every  letter. 
Fraudulent  surveys ;  progressive  advance  of  the  walking  fences 
some  of  their  chivalrous  neighbors  have  invented  ;  and  frequent 
cases  of  forcible  dispossession  by  a  class  of  white  squatters  who  are 
less  men  than  any  Indians  I  ever  knew  (and  I  have  known  a  great 
many  tribes  all  the  way  from  here  to  Chile) — these  have  been  the 
proud  methods  we  have  permitted  our  lawbreakers  to  pursue. 

Mrs.  Jackson  fully  advised  the  government  of  all  these  things  as 
they  then  were — and  they  were  already  more  than  bad  enough.  But 
the  government  has  practically  not  turned  over  its  hand.  If  it  did, 
its  hand  did  not  weigh  much  ;  for  the  thing  has  gone  from  bad  to 
worse,  from  worse  to  a  shame  that  cries  to  heaven.  These  people 
are  starving  now.  They  have  been  driven  off  the  land  that  could 
feed  them  even  on  wild  seeds.  They  have  been  robbed  of  their  water 
in  the  desert,  robbed  of  their  cattle  and  their  houses,  robbed  some- 
times even  of  their  towns.  The  government  does  not  feed  them,  as 
it  does  dangerous  Indians.  It  does  not  supply  them.  Its  agencies 
are  so  useless  and  incompetent  as  to  be  ridiculous.  And  it  does  not 
even  protect  them  from  thieves  and  bullies  of  our  own  people. 

But  now  there  seems  to  come  the  first  faint  glimmer  of  hope  to  re- 
move this  stigma  from  ourselves,  even  if  we  care  nothing  about  the 
Indians.  Some  people  of  weight  are  getting  interested.  Constance 
Goddard  Du  Bois,  a  well  known  writer,  has  spent  much  time  in 
studying  the  conditions  as  they  are  toda3^  Her  very  mild  re- 
port will  open  the  eyes  of  many  people.  If  anj'  who  wish  it  will 
send  me  their  addresses,  I  will  try  to  see  that  they  get  it.  Rt.  Rev. 
Joseph  H.  Johnson,  Bishop  of  the  Episcopal  Church  in  this  diocese, 
has  also  investigated  the  matter  personally,  and  spoken  quite  as 
clearly  and  strongly  as  to  the  shame  of  the  present  situation.  It  is 
hoped  now  to  make  a  rally  of  prominent  people  of  all  creeds  and  pro- 
fessions who  are  manly  enough  and  womanly  enough  to  care  that 
justice  be  done,  and  to  do  something  competent.  The  moment  such  a 
rally  becomes  of  weight,  the  politicians  will  heed.  Possibly  even 
some  local  district  attorney  may  learn  that  it  will  be  as  well  to  do 
his  duty,  even  if  the  victim  of  a  crime  has  no  vote.  And  even  with- 
out waiting  for  the  slow  enginery  of  government,  there  is  a  great 
deal  that  such  an  association  can  do  directly.  Otherwise  the  Indians 
might  all  be  dead  of  starvation  before  the  Bureau  found  California 
on  the  map.  Chas.  F.  I^ummis. 


THAT 

WHICH  IS 
WRITTES 


If  there  is  any  man  f org-ivable  for 
persisting-  where  people  do  not  quite 
live,  and  for  writing-  of  things  that  Are 
his  other  name  is  Brander  Matthews.  For 
though  he  draws  breath  and  exhales  taxes  in  the 
Burrow  of  Manhattan,  and  though  by  sheer  force  of  environment 
he  writes  numerously  and  calmly  upon  many  things  which  are  not 
thing-s  at  all  but  the  shadows  of  the  simulacra  of  things — for  I  take 
it  an  essay  is  only  a  genteel  confession  that  a  man  doesn't  notice 
that  there  is  anything  to  do — yet  he  is  so  unspoiled  in  his  spoiled 
environment,  he  writes  so  humanly  of  things  that  are  not  yet  human, 
and  never  were  divine,  he  fetches  the  paper  dolls  of  supercivilization 
so  unpretentiously  back  toward  flesh  and  blood,  that  I  respect  him  as 
much  as  I  like  him.  He  is  the  sort  of  man  one  would  wish  thrust  by 
some  kindly  accident  out  into  the  jostle  of  Real  Things,  as  Stevenson 
was.  For  the  metropolis  is  only  a  stage  mimicry  of  life  and  affairs  ; 
and  this  is  true  of  its  literature  as  of  its  other  activities.  It  is  the 
hothouse  for  epiphytes.  For  every  word  creative,  it  writes  a  thousand 
parasitic.  Now  and  then  it  makes  a  Book — but  it  is  generally  occupied 
with  making  books  about  Books — running  down  Swift's  scale  almost 
'*  adinjinitum.''  Yet  there  are  a  few  men  alive  who  can  lend  distinc- 
tion to  this  sort  of  thing — across  the  water,  Andrew  Lang  in  par- 
ticular ;  on  this  side,  particularly,  Mr.  Matthews.  His  newest  volume. 
The  HistoHcal  Novel,  and  Other  Essays,  is  thoroughly  Matthewsian. 
Among  its  best  numbers  is  that  on  "Literature  as  a  Profession," 
and  the  tenderest  and  most  just  appreciation  ever  printed  of  that 
rare  and  fine  American,  H.  C.  Bunner.  Chas.  Scribner's  Sons,  153 
Fifth  Avenue,  New  York.    $1.25  net. 

BEARS  True  Bear  Stories  by  our  own  Joaquin  Miller — as  if  there 

AND  were  more  than  one  Joaquin — is,  as  A.  Ward  would  have 

BULLS.  said,  **  an  amoosin'  cuss."  Joaquin's  stories  are  meant  to 
amuse,  and  do  not  fail  thereof — though  some  are  unlike  the  quality  of 
mercy.  One,  at  least — "My  First  Grizzly  " — has  genuine  strength 
and  pathos.  The  illustrations  do  not  mean  to  amuse,  but  are  really 
the  funniest  things  in  the  book — or  perhaps  in  any  book.  The  house- 
a-fire  bear,  in  colors,  p.  26,  is  probably  the  most  excruciating  absurd- 
ity ever  perpetrated  between  covers.  These  illustrations  are  by 
Pierre  N.  Boeringer,  who — besides  the  trivial  fact  that  he  cannot 
draw — is  handicapped  by  a  total  immunity  from  taste.  Some  of 
these  pictures  are  as  vulgar  as  they  are  wooden.  Having  procured  a 
good-natured  man  (Dr.  Jordan)  who  knows  all  about  bears  to 
write  a  really  scientific  introduction,  the  publishers  have  allowed  Mr. 
Boeringer,  who  knows  nothing  about  bears,  to  add  an  appendix, 
"  Scientific  Classification  of  Bears,"  which  is  one  of  the  most  howl- 
ing follies  ever  put  into  print,  and  as  dull  as  it  is  silly.  Kand,  Mc- 
Nally  &.  Co.,  Chicago.    $1.25. 

A  HUNDRED  A  volume  ot  uncommon  scope  and  value,  fully  up  to  the  re- 

YEARS  OF  quirements  of  its  exigent  title,  is  The  Nineteenth  Century: 

PROGRESS.   A  Review  of  Progtess.    Here  are  37  chapters  "  in  the  chief 


THAT    WHICH    IS    WRITTEN.  423 

departments  of  human  activity,"  each  written  "by  a  scholar  recog-- 
nized  as  authority  upon  the  subject  treated  by  him."  The  eight  di- 
visions cover  the  progress  of  the  world  during  the  last  100  years  in 
Ivaw  and  Government,  History,  Sociology,  Literature,  and  the  Fine 
Arts,  Education  and  Science,  Applied  Science,  Transportation,  and 
the  Science  of  War.  Among  the  authors  are  i^dmund  Gosse,  Andrew 
lyang-,  lycslie  Stephen,  Prest.  Hadley,  Julia  Ward  Howe,  Andrew 
Carneg"ie,  Horace  White,  Chas.  F.  lyummis,  Kenyon  Cox,  Theodore 
Lr.  De  Vinne,  John  Trowbridge,  Simon  Newcomb,  and  so  on.  It  is  of 
the  sort  of  book  that  thoug-htful  people  read  and  keep  to  re-read. 
Republished  from  the  New  York  Evening  Post  of  Jan.  12,  1901.  G. 
P.  Putnam's  Sons,  New  York.     $2. 

A  well  printed  volume  of  imposing  size — 363  pp.  roj^al  oc-      COMPETENT 
tavo — contains  the  Speeches  and  Addresses  of  D.  M.  Delmas,  CAI^IPORNIA 

one  of  the  leaders  of  the  California  bar.     Both  as  law  plead-  ORATORY, 

ings  and  as  literature,  these  will  compare  favorably  with  the  best 
dicta  of  lawyers  anywhere ;  and  some  of  them  rise  to  uncommon 
heights.  The  "Speech  at  Santa  Cruz,"  Nov.  5,  1900,  is  particularly 
good  American  reading.  'A.  M.  Robertson,  San  Francisco.  $2.50 
net. 

A  book  of  uncommon  interest  in  its  theme,  by  reason  of  its      QUESTIONS 
shrewd  thought  and  clear  and  forceful  medium,  is   The  Ev-  OF  THE 

olution  of  Immortality,  by  S.  D.  McConnell,  D.  D.,  D.  C.  I^.  SOUL. 

Many  men  of  many  minds  will  disagree  with  very  much  in  Dr.  Mc- 
Connell's  book  ;  but  none  can  read  it  without  being  stimulated,  on  the 
whole,  and  in  large  part  gratified.  The  Macmillan  Co.,  66  Fifth 
Avenue,  New  York.    $1.25. 

It  is  long  since  a  surfeited  reviewer  has  read  a  volume  so      OUR 
pertinent  and  so  fascinating  in  its  own  grim  way  as  The  BI^ACK 

American  Slave  Trade,  by  John  R.  Spears.     Mr.  Spears  was  CHAPTER, 

already  of  repute  for  earnest  and  interesting  work  ;  but  in  more  ways 
than  one  this  seems  to  me  the  most  striking  of  his  achievements.  In 
our  day,  probably  not  one  person  in  50,000  has  anj'  adequate  idea  of 
the  extent  and  the  real  methods  of  that  fearful  Trade — its  profits,  its 
infamies,  its  long  national  favor  in  "the  land  of  the  free  and  the 
home  of  the  brave,"  and  still  fewer  realize  how  much  of  our  present 
trouble  is  due  to  the  brutalizing  effects  of  that  hideous  training. 
Mr.  Spears's  handsome  volume  is  not  only  instructive,  it  is  more  in- 
teresting than  the  average  romance.  Chas.  Scribner's  Sons,  153-157 
Fifth  Avenue,  New  York.    $2.50. 

A  most  important  and  competent  text-book,  as  interesting      ANIMALS 
as  it  is  full  and  reliable,  is  Animal  Life,  "a  first  book  of  AND  THEIR 

Zoology,"  by  Prest.  David  Starr  Jordan  and  Prof.  Vernon  RELATIONS. 

L.  Kellogg,  also  of  Stanford  University,  and  second  only  to  Dr.  Jor- 
dan among  Western  biologists.  One  of  the  Appleton's  series  of 
"Twentieth  Century  Text-books,"  it  sets  a  high  standard  for  subse- 
quent volumes.  Of  the  highest  authority  and  "  modernness,"  it 
makes  a  large  subject  clear  and  readable  ;  while  a  great  number  of 
highly  satisfactory  illustrations  add  to  the  charm  as  well  as  to  the 
value  of  a  book  eminently  fitted  to  be  kept  for  reference  in  every 
home.     D.  Appleton  &  Co..  New  York,  $1.50. 

One  of  the   most  readable  of   all  the  multitude  of  books      IN  THE 
called  out  by  our  wars  of  the  last  three  years,  is  Ten  Months  HANDS  OF 

a  Captive  Among  the  Filipinos,  by  Albert  Sonnichsen.  This  THE  ENEMY, 

young  San  Franciscan  who  went  out  as  quartermaster  of  the  Zea- 
landia,  was  captured  in  January,  1899,  by  the  Filipinos  not  far  out- 


424  THAT    WHICH    IS    WRITTEN. 

side  of  Manila,  and  was  a  prisoner  in  their  hands  for  the  larger  part 
of  a  year.  In  the  fluctuating-  fortunes  of  war  he  was  shifted  from 
place  to  place  a  great  many  times,  and  was  in  charge  of  a  great 
many  different  jailers.  The  treatment  he  received  at  the  hands  of 
these  people,  his  naive  and  evidently  frank  account  of  their  charac- 
ter and  their  methods,  and  his  straightforward  commentary  on  many 
matters  the  American  people  have  not  understood  any  too  well — all 
these  make  his  book  as  informative  as  it  is  readable.  Despite  an  un- 
literary  style,  and  such  mangling  of  Spanish  as  the  proofreader 
should  have  remedied,  the  book  is  a  really  valuable  contribution  to 
our  knowledge.  Chas.  Scribner's  Sons,  153-157  Fifth  Avenue,  New 
York.    $2. 

IN  THE  Highways  and  By-ways  in  East  Anglia,  by  Wm.  A.  Dutt, 

HAUNTS  OF  is  a  pleasant  and  gossipful  rambling  record  of  rambles  amid 

BORROW,  scenes  George  Borrow  knew  and  in  a  spirit  Borrow  might 
have  applauded.  It  has  150  illustrations  by  Joseph  Pennell — if  the 
work  of  that  master  of  line  can  be  called  by  so  exigent  a  term  as 
**  illustrative,"  or  if  he  has  any  intention  that  it  should  be.  De- 
lightful as  the  best  of  them  are  as  decoration,  it  may  well  be  doubted 
whether  any  living  person  ever  recognized  a  landscape  by  a  Pennell 
drawing  of  it.     The  Macmillan  Co.,  66  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York.    $2. 

A  LACE  With  no  special  reason  for  its  being — nor  any  legal  reason 

PARASOL  why  it  should  not  be — Mexico  City,   an  Idler's  Note-book y 

IN  MEXICO,  by  Olive  Percival,  of  lyos  Angeles,  is  a  prettily  made  ecstacy 
over  a  very  brief  visit  to  the  ancient  capital.  Miss  Percival's  friendly 
intention  is  as  disarming  to  criticism  as  is  the  lightness  of  the  book. 
She  likes  Mexico — as  far  as  she  went — and  is  not  cynical  about  say- 
ing so.  She  escapes  several  of  the  usual  pitfalls  for  tourists  ;  and 
her  estimates,  if  not  wise,  are  seldom  foolish.  Her  medium  would  be 
better  for  less  pressure.  She  often  says  a  thing  very  well  indeed  ; 
and  it  is  a  pity  to  find  in  perhaps  the  next  paragraph  a  flippancy 
where  only  gayety  was  meant.  The  only  large  fault  to  which  the 
book  rises  is  that  of  being  patronizing.  With  intention  to  be  '*sympa- 
thetic,"  it  manages  to  be  sorry  for  Mexico — which  is  quite  needless. 
The  poor  of  Mexico  are  indeed  poor  ;  but  they  get  quite  as  much  out 
of  life  as  does  the  tourist  patron  ;  and  this  comforting  fact  everyone 
discovers  who  ever  comes  to  know  them.  Miss  Percival  is  laudably 
free  from  attempts  on  Spanish  ;  the  few  phrases  she  could  not  resist 
are  of  the  inevitable  category — e.  g.,  *' custom  de  la  pais;"  three 
blunders  in  four  words.     H.  S.  Stone  &  Co.,  Chicago.     $1.25. 

RATHER  A  service  to  scholarship  has  been  rendered  by  the  Rev.  Dr. 

AN  EYE-  Thos.  C.  Middleton,  O.  S.  A.,  in  his  interesting  monograph 

OPENER.  Some  Notes  on  the  Bibliography  of  the  Philippines,  published 
as  Bulletin  No.  4  of  the  Free  Library  of  Philadelphia.  It  will  sur- 
prise the  average  American  to  learn  that  a  bibliography  of  Filipino 
literature  includes  over  2,700  titles  in  27  native  tongues,  not  to  men- 
tion the  great  array  in  Spanish.  For  that  matter,  relatively  few 
books  nowadays  are  so  admirably  done  as  a  volume  I  have 
which  was  printed  in  Manila  in  1749 — with  as  good  a  map  of  the 
Philippines  as  we  have  to  day.  It  is  quite  within  bounds  to  say  that 
it  was  nearly  or  quite  a  century  later  before  one  book  was  printed  in 
the  United  States  which  could  be  compared  typographically  with 
Velarde's  Historia. 

A  STORY  One  of  the  most  entertaining  books  of  its  sort  I  have  ever 

OP  EARLY  read— the  personal  narrative  of  a  pioneer  of  the  West— is 

TEXAS.    The  Evolution  of  a  State,  or  Recollections  of  Old  Texas  Days. 

Its  author  was  the  venerable  Noah  Smithwick,  who  died  in  Santa 


THAT    WHICH    IS    WRITTEN.  425 

Ana,  Cal.,  in  1899,  at  nearly  92  years  of  ag-e  ;  and  these  valuable 
memoirs  have  been  edited  by  his  daug-hter,  Mrs.  Nanna  S.  Donald- 
son. Mr.  Smith  wick  came  from  Tennessee  to  Texas  in  1827,  and 
lived  there  till  1861,  when  he  moved  to  California.  The  recollections 
of  this  shrewd,  long--memoi-ied  and  evidently  veracious  old  man, 
whose  experience  covered  three-fourths  of  a  century  in  the  funda- 
mental days  of  the  West,  are  not  only  hig-hly  interesting-  but  of  sub- 
stantial value  to  history  as  the  testimony  of  an  intelligent  eye-wit- 
ness.    Gammel  Book  Co.,  Austin,  Tex.     Si. 50. 

Delicious  reading-,  with  all  their  simple  directness,  naivete       l^EAVES 
and  gentle  humor,   are    Tke  Stage  Reminiscences    of  Mrs.      FROM  THE 
Gilbert.      Even  people    who  discountenance  theaters  must  ELDER  YEARS, 

bow  to  the  charm  of  this  fine  veteran  of  the  unsyndicated  Old  Days. 
It  is  so  human,  so  womanly,  so  unsophisticated,  so  full  of  uncon- 
scious commentary  upon  all  the  times  in  which  such  a  stag-e  flour- 
ished as  Mrs.  Gilbert  g-raced  1  A  iarg-e  number  of  rare  old  photo- 
g-raphs  add  to  the  attractiveness  of  the  book.  Chas.  Scribner's  Sons, 
153-157  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York.     Si. 50  net. 

A  satisfactory  outline  of  the  life  of  that  rare  soul  Father  LIVES  OF 

Hecker,  with  an  excellent  portrait,  forms  one  of  the  hand}-,  EMINENT 

attractive  and  commendable  little  "Beacon  Biographies."  AMERICANS. 
It  is  by  Henry  D.  Sedgwick,  jr. 

Another  of  the  "  Beacon  Biographies"  is  that  of  Louis  Agassiz, 
by  Alice  Bache  Gould.  With  a  good  portrait,  a  brief  chronology  and 
a  sympathetic  sketch  of  this  monumental  Swiss-American — one  of 
our  large  scientists  and  perhaps  our  very  greatest  teacher — this  little 
volume,  attractive  in  make-up  as  its  peers,  surpasses  many  of  them 
in  interest.     Small,  Maynard  &  Co.,  Boston.     75  cents  each. 

Rev.  Chas.  M.  Sheldon  probably  needs   no  introduction  to       "  FOR  THOSE 
any  newspaper  reader.     He   is  the   clergyman  who  knows  WHO  LIKE 

"what  Jesus   would   do."     His    books   have  sold    into   the  THAT  SORT"— 

hundred  thousands  ;  his  unconscious  blasphemy  of  a  newspaper  ex- 
periment was  notorious.  He  is  perhaps  the  foremost  living  exemp- 
lar of  what  I  have  ventured  to  catalogue  as  "the  Chautauqua  In- 
tellect" — an  earnest,  honest,  god-fearing,  intolerable  smatter.  No 
Voltaire,  Tom  Paine,  Ingersoll,  could  be  so  uncomplimentary  to  the 
God  of  Things  as  they  Have  to  Be,  as  some  defenders  of  the  faith 
are.  For  if  it  is  as  foolish  to  believe  He  is  Not,  it  is  more  respectful 
than  to  believe  in  Him  as  an  underdone  Philistine.  Whatever  else 
the  First  Gentleman  "would  have  done,"  it  is  good  manners  to  be- 
lieve that  He  would  not  have  run  a  newspaper  ;  or  if,  for  vicary  of 
the  world's  sins.  He  had  felt  constrained  to  do  so.  He  would  have 
done  it  with  at  least  as  good  brains  as  the  best  among  the  poor  worms 
He  came  to  redeem.  It  would  be  unjust  to  pretend  that  Mr.  Sheldon 
has  not  a  good  deal  of  reason  in  his  curious  works.  Perhaps  niiiety 
per  cent,  of  them  is  sound.  But  the  colorative  ten  per  cent,  is — well, 
it  is  indelible.  In  Born  to  Serve  (75  cents)  he  attacks  the  "  servant 
girl"  question  ;  in  Who  Killed  Joe'' s  Baby  ?  (paper,  10  cents)  he  beards 
the  demon  drink.  Both  are  mostly  true;  and  both  are  marred  by  a  cer- 
tain atmosphere  which  absolutely  inhibits  their  utility  to  people  who 
know  the  difference  between  their  minds  and  their  emotions.  The 
Advance  Publishing  Co.,  Chicago. 

A  bock  of  keen  interest  and  the  highest  value  is  the  digni-       A  BOOK 
fled,  well  written  and  reliable  volume  of  Albert  G.  Robin-  OF  DIRECT 

son,  The  Philippines  :  the  War  and  the  People.     A  writer  of  VALUE, 

ability  and  standing,  a  close  observer  who  had  long  and  excellent  op- 


"^26  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

portunity  to  see  things  as  the)-  were,  and  who  is  not  moved  by  fear 
or  favor  in  telling-  them,  Mr.  Robinson  is  a  witness  of  great  weight. 
What  he  has  to  say  about  the  natives,  our  army,  the  censorship  and 
many  other  matters  is  sure  to  interest  any  intelligent  reader  regard- 
less of  political  bias  ;  and  to  surprise  a  good  many.  The  book  is 
thoroughly  to  be  commended.  McClure,  Phillips  &  Co.,  New  York.  $2. 

WELL  Three  very  attractive  examples  of  handmade    books  come 

MADE  from  the  Blue  Sky  Press,  Chicago.     First  in  weight  of  con- 

BOOKS.  tent  is  Spoil  of  the  North  i\Hnd,  a  beautifully  printed  col- 
lection of  the  best  verse  with  Omar  for  a  text,  and  with  such  singers 
as  Austin  Dobson,  Edmund  Gosse,  Stephen  Phillips,  Andrew  Lang, 
and  many  more.  625  copies.  On  Shandon  paper,  $1.  No  less  attract- 
ive in  dress  is  The  Glass  of  Time,  a  tiny  volume  of  serious  and  well 
rounded  verse  by  Charlotte  Becker.  265  copies.  On  imported  hand- 
made paper,  $1.  Scott,  Who  Was  Nine  is  a  slender  sketch  of  a  boy, 
by  Alden  Chas.  Noble.  Ruisdael  handmade  paper,  75  cents.  All 
these  have  costly  editions  on  Japanese  vellum  and  illuminated. 

IN  Never  meaning  to  do  an   injustice,  the  Lion  never  means  to 

REPARATION.  persist  in  one.  Frederick  "Webb  Hodge  writes  that  an  injus- 
tice was  done  in  these  pages  to  J.  Walter  Fewkes  in  accus- 
ing him  of  "undermining  Cushing."  Mr.  Hodge  has  the  best  chance 
to  know.  He  is  probably  the  only  man  who  was  on  the  spot  through- 
out and  knew  all  of  both  sides  of  that  sad  story.  His  word  is,  of 
course,  absolutely  conclusive  to  me  in  this  case  ;  and  Dr.  Fewkes  has 
my  direct  apology  for  this  misjudgment — or  for  any  other.  I  cannot 
abate  my  feeling,  however,  that  his  studious  and  valuable  works  on 
the  Southwest  would  be  strengthened  by  fuller  credit  to  his  authori- 
ties. 

Among  Californians  there  is  a  special  interest  in  Richard  Realf, 
the  poet,  whose  sad  and  remarkable  career  closed,  and  whose  grave 
lies,  beside  the  Golden  Gate.  His  biographer  and  editor.  Col.  Richard 
J.  Hinton,  Shore  Road,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  (himself  a  veteran  of  the 
frontier),  writes  me  that  more  copies  of  the  life  and  poems  of  Realf 
have  been  sold  in  this  State  than  in  any  other. 

Those  who  are  prepared  for  the  worst,  in  taking  up  a  paper  vol- 
umette  of  poems,  will  be  agreeably  disappointed  in  Arthur  Upson's 
At  the  Si,i(n  of  the  Harp.  For  Mr.  tjpson's  verse  has  many  excellent 
qualities  and  much  promise.  The  University  Press,  Minneapolis. 
50  cents. 

The  "  Standard  Guide  to  the  City  of  Mexico  "  is  an  interesting 
pamphlet  of  150  pages,  with  a  great  number  of  uncommonly  good 
photo-engravings,  and  reasonable  text.  It  is  issued  by  that  very  in- 
teresting ilkistrated  monthly.  Modern  Mexico,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  50 
cents. 

A  very  valuable  book  of  Zuni  folk-stories,  gathered  bj'  the  late 
Frank  H.  Cushing,  will  be  brought  out  by  a  committee  of  scientists 
if  enough  copies  are  subscribed  for,  at  $3.50,  to  justify  the  under- 
taking. Subscriptions  may  be  sent  to  F.  W.  Hodge,  Smithsonian  In- 
stitution, Washington,  D.  C. 

An  unnamed  donor  has  given  $150,000  to  the  historic  Phillips 
Academy,  Andover,  Mass.,  for  a  department  of  archaeology.  A  mod- 
ern museum  building  will  be  erected  ;  and  Warren  K.  Moorehead  is 
to  be  curator — an  appointment  in  which  every  student  will  wish  him 
success. 

Franklin  H.  Heald  issues  an  ambitious  brochure  on  The  Procession 
of  the  Planets.     The  author,  Los  Angeles.     $1. 

Chas.  F.  Lummis. 


TO   CONSERVE   THE    MISSIONS 
AND    OTHER     HISTORIC 
LANDMARKS    OF     SOUTHERN 
CALIFORNIA. 


DiRlCTORS  : 

Frank  A.  Gibson. 
Henry  \V  O'Melveny. 
Rev.  J.  Adam. 
Sumner  P.  Hunt. 
Arthur  B.  Benton. 
Margaret  Collier  Graham. 
Chas.  F.  Lummis. 


OFFICERS, 
President,  Chas.  F.  Lnramis. 
Vice-President,  Margaret  Collier  Graham. 
SecreUry,  Arthur  B.  Benton,  114  N.  Spring  St. 
Treasurer,  Frank  A.  Gibson,  Ca.sliier  1st  Nat.  Bank. 
Corresponding  Secretary   Mrs.  M   E.  Stilson. 

812  Kensington  Road,  Los  Angeles. 

Honorary  Life  Members  :  R   F.gan,  Tessa  L   Kelso 

Life  Members  :  Jas  B  Lankershim,  J  Downey  Harvey,  Edward  E.  Ayer,  John  F.  Francis,  Mrs.  John  F. 
Francis,  Mrs  Alfred  Solano,  Marvaret  Collier  Graham,  Miss  Coilipr,  Andrew  McNallv,  Rt  Rev.  Geo.  Montgomery, 
Miss  M  F  Wills,  B.  F.  Porter,  Prof.  Chas.  C.  Bragdon,  Mrs.  Jas.  W  Soott,  Mrs.  Phoebe  A.  Hearst,  Mrs.  Annie  D. 
Apperson,  Miss  Agnes  Lane.  Mrs  M.  W.  Kincaid.  Col.  H.  G  Otis,  H.  Jevne,  J  R.  Newberry.  Dr  W.  Jarvis  Barlow, 
Marion  Brooks  Barlow,  Geo.  W.  Marston,  Chas.  L.  Hutchinson,  U.  S  Grant,  jr  ,  Isabel  M.  R.  Severance,  Louisa  C. 
Bacon . 

ADVISORY  BOARD:  Jessie  Benton  Fremont,  Col.  H.  G.  Otis,  R.  Egan,  W.  C.  Patterson,  Adeline 
Stearns  Wing,  Geo.  H.  Bonebrake,  Tessa  L.  Kelso,  Don  Mari-os  Forster,  Chas  Cassat  Davis,  Miss  M.  F  Wills, 
C  D.  Willard,  John  F.  Francis  Frank  J.  Polley  Rev.  Hug)  K.  Walker,  Elmer  Wachtel,  Maj.  H.  T.  Lee, 
Rt.  Rev.  Joseph  H   Johnson,  Bishop  of  Los  Angeles. 

Chairman  Membership  Committee,  Mrs.  J.  G.  Mossin. 

The  work  of  the  Ivandmarks  Club  in  preserving-  the  Old  Missions 
and  other  historic  monuments  from  decay  and  destruction  is  seriously 
handicapped  for  want  of  funds.  It  takes  money  to  repair  roofs  and 
prop  up  falling-  walls.  Not  a  quarter  of  the  nominal  members  of  the 
Club  have  as  yet  paid  up  their  annual  dues  for  1901.  The  Club  ap- 
peals ag-ain  to  all  old  members  to  send  in  their  dues  ;  and  to  new 
members  to  join.  The  only  formality  needful  to  membership  is  to 
contribute  $1  a  year  to  the  Club's  work.  The  Club  has  already  ex- 
pended about  $3,600  in  safeguarding  the  venerable  Missions  of  San 
Juan  Capistrano,  San  Fernando  and  San  Diego  ;  and  needs  a  great 
deal  more  money  to  carry  on  this  work. 


Previously  acknowledg-ed,  $3,804.%. 

New  CoQtributions— Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wm.  H.  Burtiham,  Orang-e,  Cal.,  $10. 

Mrs.  Rensselaer  Daniels,  Lockport,  New  York,  $5. 

John  Muir,  Martinez,  Cal.,  $5. 

Mary  Hallock  Foote,  Grass  Valley,  Cal.,  $2. 

$1  each— Anna  H.  Searing-,  Escondido,  Cal.;  Mabel  Clare  Craft,  Sunday  Editor  San 
Erancisco  Chronicle;  Miss  E.  W.  Johnson,  West  New  Brighton,  New  York  ;  Mrs. 
J.  Q.  Hall,  I(Os  Ang-eles  ;  Edmund  G.  Hamersley,  Phila.  ;  Mrs.  M.  F.  Woodward, 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.  ;  Juliette  Estelle  Mathis,  San  Francisco  ;  Mrs.  Jennie  S.  Prince,  Mr. 
Ad.  Petsch,  Mrs.  Percy  Hoyle,  P.  Campbell  Hoyle,  Los  Ang-eles  ;  Mrs.  F.  F.  Browne, 
Chicag-o  ;  J.  E.  Haverstick,  Philadelphia. 


429 


'  San  Jose. 

THE  GARDEN  CITY  OF  THE  SANTA  CLARA  VALLEY. 


lY   CHAS.    AMADON    MOODY. 


NE  hundred  and  twenty-four  years  ag-o,  Seiior  Don  Felipe  de 
Neve,  Governor  of  New  California,  ordered  to  report  to  Charles 
III  of  Spain,  through  his  Viceroy  in  Mexico,  where  within 
his  Province  settlements  mig-ht  best  be  made,  named  one  tract  of  land 
"  forty-two  leag-ues  from  the  Presidio  of  San  Diego  and  two  from  the 
Mission  of  San  Gabriel,"  and  another  "on  the  margin  of  the  river 
Guadalupe,  twenty-six  leagues  distant  from  the  Presidio  of  Monterey, 
sixteen  from  that  of  San  Francisco,  and  three-quarters  of  a  league 
from    the     Mission      of  Santa    Clara."       On 

one  site  was  soon  after  1  established      the 

Pueblo  de  la  Reina  ^^k  de  Los  Angeles.     On 

the     other,     Nov.  M^^  29th,   1777,  nine    sol. 

diers  "  skill- 
ed   in    agri- 


Photo,  by  Tucker,  Santa  Clara. 
CITY   HAI^I,   PARK   AND   POSTOFFICE,    SAN  JOSE. 

culture"  and  five  settlers  founded  the  Pueblo  de  San  Jose  de  Guada- 
lupe. Today  the  cities  of  Los  Angeles  and  San  Jos^  stand  as  splendid 
witnesses  to  the  sagacity  of  the  man  who  marked  in  advance  the  spot 
on  which  each  should  rise. 

To  follow  the  history  of  San  Jose  through  the  century  and  a 
quarter  since  then  would  be  a  fascinating  journey,  but  outside  the 
purpose  of  this  article.  Yet  one  may  pause  a  moment  to  see  with 
Vancouver  on  his  way  to  San  Jos^,  in  1792,  "a  very  pleasant  and 
enchanting  lawn,  situated  amid  a  grove  of  trees  at  the  foot  of  a  small 
hill,  by  which  flowed  a  very  fine  stream  of  excellent  water,"  and  to  find 


430 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


Photo,  by  Tucker,  Santa  Clara. 


I«OOKING   SOUTH 


St.  James  Park. 


with  him  in  the  country  hereabout  "a  rich,  black,  productive  mold, 
superior  to  any  I  had  seen  before  in  America."  Then  came  long- 
peaceful  years  of  sheep  and  cattle — or  their  derivatives,  hides  and 
tallow — slowly  g-iving-  place  to  wheat  and  barley — years  hardly  ruffled 
even  by  the  shifting  of  sovereignty  from  Spain  to  the  Republic  of 
Mexico,  nor  by  the  revolutionary  "growing-pains"  which  tormented 
the  new  ruling  State.  But  the  Gringo  came,  first  by  ones  and  twos, 
then  by  scores  and  hundreds.  Then  follow  vividly  illuminating  his- 
torical flash-lights  of  the  day  in  July,  1846,  when  the  flag  of  the 
United  States  was  first  flung  to  the  breeze  of  the  Santa  Clara  Vallej", 
of  the  day  five  months  later  when  for  hours  San  Jos^  was  thrilled  by 
distant  gun-fire  telling  of  battle  joined  between  Saxon  and  I^atin  ; 
of  the  emptied  streets  and  deserted  fields  when  the  gold  delirium  set 
every  brain  a-whirling  ;  of  the  pride  of  San  Jos6  over  her  choice  as 
first  capital  of  the  State  of  California  and  the  gallant  public  spirit  of 
those  nineteen  citizens  who  pledged  themselves  for  $34,000  at  interest 
of  eight  per  cent  a  month  to  purchase  the  adobe  building  "sixty 
feet  long,  forty  feet  wide,  two  stories  high,  and  adorned  with  a 
piazza  in  front,"  which  served  as  the  first  State-house  in  California  ; 
of  her  dolor  when  scant  two  years  later  that  crown  passed  from  her 
brow  (nor  has  yet  been  recovered,  in  spite  of  several  almost  success- 
ful attempts);  of  the  fights,  for  the  public  entertainment  and  in  the 
public  square,  between  wild  bull  and  grizzly  bear,  the  l>ear  having 
been  lassoed  and  brought  in  for  the  occasion  by  "  three  or  four 
Mexicans."  But  the  reader  who  cares  to  follow  theselmatters  and  who 
is  fortunate  enough  to  have  access  to  the  volume,  may  find  [all  this 


SAN    JOSE. 


431 


ON    FIRST   STRKET,    SAN   JOSlt. 

St.  James  Hotel.  Court  House. 


Hall  of  Records. 


and  more  in  Frederick  Hall's  "History  of  San  Jose  and  Surround- 
ings."    Our  task  is  with  the  present. 

San  Jos^,  then,  is  located  fifty  miles  south  of  San  Francisco,  a  few 
miles  from  the  lower  end  of  the  southern  arm  of  San  Francisco  Bay. 
It  is,  as  nearly  as  possible,  exactly  on  the  halfway  line  as  one  paces 
the  State  from  North  to  South.  It  has  been  since  1850  an  incorpor- 
ated city,  but  has  far  outgrown  the  limits  originally  set  for  it.  The 
population  within  the  legal  boundaries  of  the  city  is  only  about 
22,000  ;  if  one  includes  those  suburbs  which  are  really  a  continuous 
and  closely  settled  part  of  the  city,  the  figures  mount  to  about  35,000. 
Nor  does  this  count  in  the  city  of  Santa  Clara,  three  miles  away  and 
connected  by  electric  road.  Effectively,  therefore,  it  is  the  fourth 
city,  in  point  of  population,  in  the  State,  San  Francisco,  Ivos  Angeles 
and  Oakland  alone  ranking  it.  For  beauty,  for  charm,  for  comfort, 
for  solid  and  deep-rooted  prosperity,  for  intellectual  and  moral  stand- 
ing, for  all  that  makes  life  best  worth  living,  its  citizens  are  not  pre- 
pared to  concede  the  palm  to  any  other  point  whatever.  Nor  should 
they,  as  will  appear. 

For  what  it  is — and  for  that  even  larger,  finer  and  more  important 
life  which  shall  surely  come  to  it — San  Jose  admits — nay,  boasts  !-  - 
its  indebtedness  to  the  marvelous  Santa  Clara  Valley  which  surrounds 
it — that  valley  which  Bayard  Taylor  pronounced  "one  of  the  three 
most  beautiful  valleys  in  the  world,"  and  which  Chauncey  Depew 
named  "the  richest  in  the  world."  For  upon  the  configuration  of 
the  valley  depends  the  superb  climate  which  makes  San  Jos^  in  sum- 
mer a  favorite  resort  for  San  Franciscans;  in  the  enchanting  season 


432 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


SANTA   CI^ARA   STREET,   SAN   JOSE,  IN   1901.    Phoio.  by  Tucker,  Santa  Clara. 

which  there  passes  for  winter,  one  of  the  choicest  of  spots  in  which 
to  escape  the  bite  of  any  real  winter  weather  ;  and  all  the  year  round 
a  place  in  which  it  is  g-ood  just  to  be  alive.  And  upon  the  richness 
of  its  broad  stretches  of  alluvial  soil,  the  abundant  supply  of  artesian 
water  everywhere  underlying-  the  valley,  and  that  same  all-but-per- 
fcct  climate  which  makes  living-  so  delightful,  depends  the  enormous 
production  of  thing-s  g-ood  to  till  the  world's  stomach  withal  which  is 
the  fountain  spring-  of  San  Jose's  prosperity. 


SANTA   CIvAKA   STREET  IN    1851. 


From  an  old  print. 


SAN    JOSE. 


433 


Some  sixty  miles  from  north  to  south,  about  twenty  from  east  to 
west,  shut  in  east  and  west  by  the  ranges  of  Mt.  Hamilton  and  Santa 
Cruz,  opening-  northward  to  the  broad  bay  of  San  Francisco,  narrow- 
ing- southward  to  the  Pajaro  Valley— there  is  the  Santa  Clara  Val- 
ley g-eog-raphically.  An  averag-e  annual  rainfall  of  fifteen  inches, 
275  to  300  clear  days  in  everj'  year,  rarely  any  fog-,  rarely  any  high 
winds,  never  any  extremes  of  heat  or  cold,  never  any  "bad  weather" 
except  for  those  who  will  find  the  golden  streets  too  yellow  or  not 
yellow  enough — there  is  the  Santa  Clara  Valley  climatically.  An 
assessed  valuation  of  $52,000,000  to  a  population  of  65,000  (the  high- 


Photo,  by  Tucker,  Santa  Clara. 
A    FRUIT-GROWER'S   HOME   IN   THE   SANTA   CI.ARA   VAI.I.EY. 

est  per  capita  in  the  State),  a  product  last  year  for  export  of  more 
than  $7,000,000,  no  great  fortunes  as  fortunes  go  in  these  days,  but 
many  little  ones,  and  an  average  of  comfortable  incomes — there  is  the 
Santa  Clara  Valley  financially.  A  contribution  last  year  to  the  out- 
side world  of  100,000,000  pounds  of  dried  prunes,  peaches,  apricots 
and  other  fruits,  10,000,000  two-and-a-half  pound  tins  of  canned 
fruits,  20,000,000  pounds  of  fresh  fruits,  and  important  quantities  of 
vegetables,  farm  and  dairy  products,  a  very  important  fraction  of 
the  total  vineyard  output  of  California,  the  larger  fraction  of  all 
the  seeds  raised  in  the  United  States,  and  (from  the  New  Almaden 
mine  )ia  share  of  the  quicksilver  product  of  the  world  only  exceeded 


434 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


by  that  of  Spain — there  is  the  Santa  Clara  Valley  economically. 
Thousands  of  delightful  homes,  owned  by  their  occupants,  set  in 
ten  or  twenty  acre  orchards,  land  and  improvements  paid  for  mainly 
out  of  the  product  of  the  land  itself,  yielding-  regularly  revenue 
enough  not  only  to  pay  for  all  the  "must's"  but  for  many  of  the 
"would-like-to's"  of  life ;  within  easy  access  of  unusually  rich 
educational  facilities,  and  in  close  touch  with  the  best  our  civilization 
has  to  oifer — this  is  the  Santa  Clara  Valley  in  its  most  significant 
aspect.  Best  of  all  is  the  fact  that  there  is  yet  full  place  in  the  val- 
ley for  other  thousands  of  homes  everj"  whit  as  charming  and  desir- 


Photo.  b3'  Tucker,  Santa  Clara. 
A   UTTI,K   PATCH   OK   CARROTS   FOR   SEED. 


able,  and  opportunity  for  achievement,  if  not  richer,  at  least  more 
evident  than  before  so  much  had  already  been  accomplished. 

These  tens  and  hundreds  of  millions  by  which  the  annual  fruit 
product  of  the  Santa  Clara  Valley  is  measured  slipped  lightly  from 
the  pen  a  moment  ago.  Turn,  for  contrast,  to  the  figures  of  thirty 
years  past  and  note  far  down  on  the  list  of  valley  products  for  1870, 
"  Fruit,  70,000  pounds,"  Indeed,  it  was  not  until  ten  years  later  that 
the  pioneer  ten-acre  orchard  of  French  prunes,  set  out  in  1873  and 
still  yielding  annually  five  tons  or  more  to  the  acre,  bore  its  first  sub- 
stantial crop,  which  then  (and  for  tive  successive  years)  sold  for  $4,000 


on  the  trees.  It  only  needed  that 
first  crop  to  open  the  eyes  of 
dwellers  in  the  valley.  How 
widely  they  opened,  once  the 
scales  fell  off,  the  tens  of  thou- 
sands of  acres  of  bearing-  fruit 
trees  give  abundant  evidence. 

"Overproduction"?  Psha  ! 
The  lowest  price  yet  seen  for 
dried  fruit  was  thirteen  years 
ag-o,  when  the  fruit  crop  of  the 
valley  was  not  one-tenth  of  what 
it  is  today.  And  there  is  not 
the  slightest  reason  to  suppose 
that  the  world's  appetite  is  not 
keen  enough  to  desire  or  its  purse 
not  long  enough  to  pay  for  every 
pound  of  fruit  that  can  ever  be 
raised  in  this  favored  valley.  He 
who  thinks  otherwise  may  stand 
up  and  be  counted  with  the 
"  never-happy-unless-I'm  -  miser- 
able" family. 

Of  San  Jose,  heart  and  center 
of  this  fair  domain,  it  is  hard  to 
write  in  words  that  will  not  seem 
(to  those  who  do  not  know )  ex- 
travagant and  exaggerated.  It 
is  but  the  sober  truth — or  so  ap- 
pears to  one  who  lives  in  and 
dearly  loves  queenly  Los  An- 
geles, and  whose  business  it  has 
been  to  see  and  know  the  State 
from  end  to  end — that  there  is  no 
more  beautiful  city  in  all  Cali- 
fornia than  this  ;  not  one  which 
will  better  repay  a  prolonged 
visit  from  the  stranger  who 
would  see  California  at  her  best  ; 
not  one  which  rich  man  or  poor, 
coming  from  less  favored  spots 
may  more  reasonably  choose  to 
make  his  home  ;  not  one  where 
brains,  industry,  or  capital  maj' 
be  invested  with  fairer  certainty 
of  full  reward.  If  any  doubt 
this,  let  them  come  and  see.  My 
word  for  it,  the  trip  will  be  worth 
while. 

It  would  be  utterly  hopeless  to 
try  to  prove  these  statements  in 


ON   THE    AI^AMEDA. 


Photo,  by  Tucker,  Santa  Clara. 


THE  ST.   CI.AIRE  CLUB,   SAN  JOSE.        Photo,  by  Tucker,  Santa  Clara. 


detail  within  the  space  available 
— hopeless,  indeed,  however  many 
pages  should  be  used.  For  how 
can  one  convey  on  the  printed 
page  the  charm  of  long,  clean 
streets,  shaded  by  poplar,  and 
pine  and  oak,  framed  on  either 
side  with  deep,  green  lawns, 
studded  with  shrubs  and  trees 
and  flowers  and  themselves  fram- 
ing homes  of  every  degree  from 
stately  mansions  to  tiny  cot- 
tages ?  Or,  how  picture  in 
black  and  white  the  effect  of  a 
rose  climbing  right  to  the  top  of 
a  somber  cypress,  masking  one 
side  completely  with  blossom, 
and  tossing  a  shower  of  copper 
and  gold  far  down  the  other!  Yet 
these  things,  and  the  like,  make 
the  beauty  of  San  Jos^. 

"Garden  City"  it  is  called; 
"Park  City"  would  be  quite  as 
appropriate.  For  to  name  only 
the  points  of  which  photographic 
glimpses  are  given  in  these  pages, 
there  is  St.  James  Park,  almost 
at  the  very  business-heart  of  the 
city — fronting,  indeed,  toward 
three  buildings  that  would  be 
notable  anywhere,  the  county 
Court-house,  Hall  of  Records  and 
Hotel  St.  James  ;  the  City  Hall 
Park,  from  which  one  looks 
across  the  fine  postoflfice  buildings 
to  the  towers  of  the  church  and 
School  of  St.  Joseph  (San  Jos^) . 
the  park  of  28  acres  in  which 
stand,  side  by  side,  the  State  Nor- 
mal School — first  Normal  School 
in  the  State  by  full  twenty  years 
-  and  the  High  School,  and  in 
which  will  soon  be  built  the  fine 
new  home  of  the  Free  Public 
Library,  the  gift  to  the  city  of 
Andrew  Carnegie ;  the  private 
park  of  twelve  acres  in  which  the 
Hotel  Vendome  stands,  a  hotel,  by 
the  way,  up  to  the  very  highest 
standards  in  all  essential  matters; 
and  Alum  Rock  Park,  seven  miles 


away  in  the  foothills,  owned  by 
the  city,  connected  with  it  by 
motor  line,  and  entirely  unique 
in  its  combination  of  carefully- 
kept  lawns, flower-gardens,  porce- 
lain-tubbed, hot  and  cold,  sul- 
phur baths,  restaurant,  deer-park 
and  aviary,  with  untouched  and 
unspoiled  canons,  creeks,  hills 
and  waterfalls. 

With  equal  justice  mig-ht  San 
Jose  be  called  the  "City  of 
Schools."  To  say  nothing  of  its 
kindergarten,  public  and  high 
schools  there  are  wdthin  its 
bounds,  or  right  at  its  doors, 
the  oldest  and  largest  State  Nor- 
mal School  (established  at  San 
Francisco  in  1862,  removed  to 
San  Jos^  in  1871,  eleven  years  be- 
fore the  second  Normal  School  of 
the  State  was  opened  at  Los 
Angeles),  the  oldest  Catholic  and 
the  oldest  Protestant  college  in 
the  State,  the  newest  and  most 
splendidly  endowed  University  in 
the  world,  and  the  long-estab- 
lished College  of  Notre  Dame  for 
women.  To  do  justice  to  any  one 
of  them  would  require  more 
space  than  is  to  be  had  here.  Yet 
one  must  note  that  the  College  of 
Santa  Clara  (Jesuit),  among 
whose  distinguished  sons  Los 
Angeles  may  probably  claim 
Stephen  M.  White  as  first  with- 
out dissent,  and  the  University 
of  the  Pacific  (Methodist)  each 
celebrates  this  year  its  golden 
jubilee.  Of  Leland  Stanford, 
Jr.,  University,  fourteen  miles 
away  at  Palo  Alto,  with  its  stu- 
dent-body of  1500,  and  its  faculty 
called  and  chosen  from  the  pick 
of  the  country,  founded  and  en- 
dowed with  twenty-six  millions — 
all  that  they  had — by  a  father  and 
mother,  in  memory  of  ,their  only 
son,  all  the  world  knows. 

Neither  can  one  fail  to  mention 
the  splendid   Lick  ^.Observatory, 


440 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


Photo,  by  Tucker,  Santa.  Clara. 
A   GWMPSH  OF   STANFORD   UNIVERSITY. 

with  the  second  largest  telescope  in  the  world  and  other  equipment  to 
match,  on  the  summit  of  Mt.  Hamilton,  13  miles  from  San  Jos^  as 
the  crow  flies,  28  miles  by  stag-e  over  one  of  the  most  comfortable 
and  picturesque  mountain-roads  in  the  world.  It  is  open  to  the  pub- 
lic everyday  in  the  year,  and  once  each  week  (of  a  Saturday  evening) 
any  who  will  may  peer  through  the  instrument. 

By  way  of  side-light  on  the  social  life  of  San  Jos^,  we  may  just  name 
the  St.  Claire  Club,  whose  most  attractive  home  is  freely  opened  to 
members  of  similarly  classed  clubs  in  other  cities  ;  the  Linda  Vista 
Golf  Club,  with  a  delightful  house  and  links  fascinating  to  lovers  of 
the  ancient  and  honorable  sport  :  the  new  Athletic  Club,  of  350  mem- 


THK    MUSEUM,    STANFORD   UNIVKKSITY 


THK   AVIARY  AT  AI,UM   ROCK   PARK.  Photo,  by  Tucker,  Santa  Clara. 


WCK   OBSERVATORY,    MT.    HAMII^TON.  Photo,  by  Tucker,  Santa  Clara. 


442 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


bers  ;  and  the  Santa  Clara  Valley  Improvement  Club,  including-  the 
leaders  in  business  and  professional  life,  at  whose  weekly  meeting's 

every   thing-  conceiv- 
able for  the  advance- 
ment and  glory 
of  San  Jos^ 
and  the 
Santa 
Clara 


THE   HIGH   SCHOOIv,    SAN   JOSlt. 


Photo,  by  Tucker,  Santa  Clara. 


Valley,  from  the  entertainment  of  Mr.  McKinley  to  the  price  of  prunes, 
is  freely  discussed  and  promptly  acted  upon,  and  whose  further  func- 
tion it  is  to  supply  information  about  the  city  and  valley  to  all. 

Has  it  been  made  clear  that  San  Jos^  is 
good  to  look  upon  and  one  of  the  chosen 
spots  on  earth  in  which  to  dwell  ?     If  not 

the  fault  is 
mine. 


STATK    NOKMAI,   SCHOOI^,    SAN    JOSK. 


Photo,  by  Tucker,  Saiita  Clara. 


Snap  Shots  of  the  Los  Angeles 
Floral  Fiesta,  May  9,  1901. 


Looking  Down  Upon  President  McKinley  and  His  Carriage 
L.  A.  Eng-.  Co.  OF  10,0(X)  Carnations.  Mayberry,  Photo. 


L.  A.  Enff.  Co. 


The  Los  Angeles  Chamber  of  Commerce  Tally-ho 
Saluting  the  President. 


Schnell,  Photo. 


SNAP    SHOTS    OF    THE     FLORAL    FIESTA.  445 


Rose  Buds. 


L.  A.  Eng-.  Co.  Auto,  of  Sweet  Peas  Drawn  by  White  Doves.  Graham,  Photo. 


SNAP    SHOTS    OF    THE    FLORAL    FIESTA.  44^ 


*  * 

'':r:^m,:l 

ilili'      •               1 

• 

'"|:^.»«.«ii^'-  .^           --  •: 

.-—  "'                         .  „              ,'              "'      . 

One  of  the  Streets  at  Night. 


H^Pt 


Prl 


r#&.^ 


-'$2*^: 


'::iJGkJ>i 


L.  A.  Eng-.  Co.  Arrival  of  President  McKinley  at  the  Van  Nuys.  Photos,  bj^  Pierce. 


448 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


The  Argument. 

All  the  best  advertising  is  not  in  the  newspapers. 

Nor  are  all  the  best  advertisers. 

Many  of  the  shrewdest  advertisers,  whose  advertising-  experience  has  long 
passed  the  experimental  stage,  are  in  both  the  magazines  and  the  newspapers. 
Some  of  the  very  best  advertisers  are  in  magazines  exclusively. 

The  reasons  in  either  case  are  not  far  to  seek.  More  and  more  are  experienced 
advertisers  seeking  permanency  in  their  advertising.  That  which  abides.  More 
and  more  is  it  becoming  recognized  that  the  carefully  read,  educative  magazine 
advertisement  is  necessary  to  make  the  but  hastily  glanced  at  newspaper  adver- 
tisements a  more  effective  reminder. 

Thoughtful  people  comprehend  that  the  advertisement  in  a  daily  paper  dies 
with  the  day  ;  often  without  being  seen  by  the  recipient  of  the  paper,  no  matter 
of  how  much  use  he  might  have  been  to  the  advertiser,  and  certainly  before  it 
passes  from  the  possession  of  the  recipient  of  no  use  to  another  who  might  have 
been.  On  the  contrary,  the  advertisement  in  the  magazine  never  sees  the  waste 
basket,  the  fire,  or  the  laundry,  but  like  Tennyson's  brook,  '*  goes  on  forever.'* 
Not  only  does  it  last  long  enough  to  be  read  and  comprehended,  and  therefore 
become  effective,  but  to  pass  out  of  the  possession  of  the  one  who  may  not  be 
useful  to  the  advertiser  and  into  the  possession  of  numbers  of  others  who  are, 
thus  multiplying  its  effectiveness.  As  long  as  a  magazine  lives,  your  advertise- 
ment therein  lives. 

The  writer  has  not  the  temerity  to  assert  that  the  newspaper  is  not  a  valuable 
advertising  medium.  In  its  place  it  is  indispensable.  He  has  as  little  stomach 
for  the  half-baked  newspaper  solicitor  who  plays  upon  the  credulity  of  the 
advertiser  or  insults  ordinary  intelligence  by  the  claim  that  the  newspaper  is  the 
first,  last,  and  only  medium  worth  the  while.  The  newspaper  is  the  mobile, 
light  artillery  of  busin«ss ;  magazines  are  the  siege  guns  that  reach  home.  It 
is  a  very  poor  general  that  would  enter  upon  an  extended  campaign  without 
providing  both. 

It  is  not  to  be  denied  that  by  repeated  insertions  results  are  secured  by  a  news- 
paper advertisement.  But  if  results  are  secured  by  advertising  in  a  medium 
which  is  the  busy  person's  paper;  which  during  the  few  hours  of  its  existence 
can  be  but  hastily  scanned  before  breakfast,  the  opera  or  church,  or  while 
en  route  for  the  office,  or  during  the  interrupted  moments  stolen  from  business 
hours,  then  for  a  certainty  results  are  to  be  had  from  an  advertisement  in  a 
medium  which  is  taken  for  leisure  reading,  read  when  one  has  time  and  dispos- 
ition to  receive  impressions,  and  lasts  until  it  can  be  seen  from  cover  to  cover 
and  thoroughly  comprehended. 

Results  are  after  all  what  the  advertiser  is  after.  The  man  who  says  he  can 
get  results  from  newspaper  advertising  and  cannot  from  as  conscientious  use  of  a 
magazine  circulating  in  the  same  field,  speaks  from  prejudice  rather  than  from 
experience.  There  is  indeed  no  hope  for  the  advertiser  who  duplicates  circula- 
tions by  the  use  of  a  number  of  newspapers  and  yet  excludes  a  medium  of  such 
difl'erent  character  and  eftectiveness  as  a  magazine  for  fear  of  covering  the 
same  ground. 

To  those  who  are  prepared  to  advertise  it  is  not  altogether  which  is  the  best 
medium  but  what  are  the  good  ones  which  reach  the  desired  field  along  different 
angles. 

The  true  function  of  the  magazine  advertisement  is  to  make  deep  and  last- 
ing favorable  impressions,  under  circumstances  which  are  possible  only  to  a 
magazine;  that  of  the  newspaper  announcement  to  remind  the  reader  of  those 
impressions  at  a  moment  favorable  for  acting  on  them.  One  is  the  true  comple- 
ment to  the  other,  and  the  effectiveness  of  each  is  far  greater,  if  used  together, 
than  if  either  one  is  acted  upon  alone.  F.  P. 


Tlie     Land     of     Sunshine 

PUBWSHBD   MONTHI.Y   BY 

Tine  Land  of  Stin»tiine  Publistiing  Co. 

( INCORPORATED ) 

Rooms  5,  7,  9  ;    121>^  South  Broadway,  lyos  Angeles,  Cal.,  U.  S.  A. 


SUBSCRIPTION  RATES 


HEADS  OF   DEPARTMENTS 
C  M.  Davis       -  -  -        Gen.  Manager 

Chas.  F.  I^ummis  -  -  -    Editorial 

T.  A.  Pattee  -  -  -  Business 

Chas.  A.  Moody  -  -         Subscription 

1*.  A.  ScHNELL         -  -  -     News  Stand 

Sntered  at  the  Los  Ang-eles  Postoffice  as  second-class  matter. 


$1  a  year  in  the  United  States,  Canada   and 
Mexico. 

11.50  a  year  to  other  countries  in  the  Postal 
Union. 


Summer  Sliores. 

Shore  resorts  along-  that  division  of  the  Los 
Ang-eles,  San  Pedro  and  Salt  Lake  Railroad, 
show  indications  of  measuring-  up  to  require- 
ments. 

The  entire  equipment  of  that  railway  is  being- 
placed  in  more  attractive  and  comfortable  con- 
dition ;  new  coaches,  more  frequent  service  and 
lowering-  of  the  g-rade.  This  will  be  appreciated 
by  the  visitors  of  Avalon  and  other  resorts. 

Long-  Beach  is  to  have  a  hotel  proportionate 
to  demands  and  commensurate  to  the  great  nat- 
ural attractions  of  the  place. 

Best  of  all,  the  Gordon  Arms  at  Terminal 
Island  has  been  leased  by  Harry  C.  Fryman, 
proprietor  of  the  Hotel  Palms,  Los  Ang-eles. 
Mr.  Fryman's  success  at  Mt.  Lowe  and  Los 
Ang-eles  is  sufficient  g-uarantee  that  the  Ter- 
minal Island  caravansary  will  be  maintained 
as  never  before. 

Rail"way  Travel  and.  Comfort. 

An  old  resident  of  California  who  has  recently 
made  a  trip  to  New  York,  via  Niag-ara  Falls 
and  the  Lehig-h  Valley  Railroad,  is  enthusiastic 
in  his  praises  of  the  route.  He  had  made  the 
trip  many  times  before,  but  via  other  routes, 
and  is  therefore  qualified  to  speak  from  experi- 
ence. He  was  particularly  pleased  with  the  in- 
tellig-ent  courteous  treatment  accorded  passen- 
g-ers  by  the  trainmen  on  the  Lehig-h  Valley,  and 
the  painstaking-  care  and  politeness  that  these 
men  exercised  in  their  attentions  to  the  wants 
of  their  passeng-ers.  He  rode  on  the  famous 
Black  Diamond  Express,  which  leaves  Buffalo 
at  noon  each  day  for  New  York  and  Phila- 
delphia, and  fully  corroborates  the  claim  that  it 
is  '  the  handsomest  train  in  the  world." 

The  Black  Diamond  Express  carries  four 
cars,  the  first  car  being-  a  combination  bag-g-ag-e 
and  dining-  car;  the  forward  part  of  the  car  con- 
taining- the  bag-g-ag-e  compartment,  the  rear  the 
dining-  compartment;  the  service  of  the  dining- 
car  being-  a  la  carte,  viands  freshly  cooked  by 
experienced  chefs  and  served  by  accommoda- 
ting- waiters.  " 

The  second  and  third  cars  are  day  coaches, 
which  at  once  impress  the  observer  as  of  sound 
construction  and  eleg-ant  appearance,  that  ele- 
g-ance  born  of  the  absence  of  tawdry  decoration. 

The  rear  car  of  the  train  is  a  mag-nificent 
Pullman  Palace  Parlor  Car,  with  a  rear  obser- 
vation platform. 

Space  forbids  g-oing-  into  adescription  of  these 
cars  in  detail,  but  to  the  ease-lovingr  traveler  we 
would  say,  should  you  desire  to  have  your  trip 
surrounded  by  all  the  creature  comforts  obtain- 
able in  railway  travel,  book  your  passag-e  via 
the  Lehig-h  Valley  and  the  Black  Diamond  Ex- 
press. 

Ladies  :  Use  Madame  "Warren's  Stay-in-Curl 
preparation— the  only  preparation  on  the  mar- 
ket that  will  keep  the  hair  curled  on  a  rainy 
day.  Perfectly  harmless  to  the  hair.  Price  $1 
by  mail.  Warren  Medical  Co.,  Reading-,  Mass. 
Dept.  E. 


Quakers  at  Home. 

The  beautiful  simplicity  of  the  home  life  of 
Quakers  in  America  is  touched  on  very  sympa- 
thetically in  the  May  number  of  T/ie  Delineator 
by  Waldon  Fawcett.  His  article  is  entitled 
"  Quaker  Maids  of  To-day,"  and  deals  larg-ely 
with  the  young-er  element  of  the  Quaker  body. 


A  Tent  City. 

The  success  of  Tent  City,  Coronado  Beach, 
Cal.,  its  first  season  — 1900  —  was  a  delig-litful 
realization  of  all  expectations  and  warrants  the 
additional  expense  now  being-  added  in  increased 
facilities  and  amusement  features. 

Coronado  Beach  is  an  ideal  spot  for  a  summer 
resort,  and  Coronado  Beach  Co.  is  sure  to  make 
it  one  of  g-rowing-  popularity. 


A  Voice  from  the  Nortti. 

In  these  thriving-  times  of  overland  travel 
when  hundreds  of  "lamping-"  sig-htseers  are 
traveling-  throug-h  California  eag-er  to  see  and 
be  shown  the  wonders  of  this  wonderland  State, 
it  remains  for  Los  Ang-eles  to  g-ive  the  impulse 
for  first  effectively  setting-  forth  the  picturesque 
beauty  and  hig-h  cultivation  of  this  valley. 
"The  Land  of  Sunshine  "  has  for  nearly  eig-ht 
years  been  a  representative  magrazine  of  Cali- 
fornia and  the  West.  Under  the  g-uidance  of 
one  of  California's  recog-nized  literary  men, 
Chas.  F.  Lummis,  it  has  constantly  increased 
in  excellence.  Now  it  stands  individually  for 
the  West  and  is  as  distinctly  Western  as  the 
shores  of  the  Pacific  whose  resources  it  por- 
trays.—6'aw^«  Clara  News,  San  Jose,  Cal. 


'Barker  bR^no" 

LmEn'cnllars  S  Cuffs  W^^', 

SACKS    BKOS  8t  CO. 
San    Franpisco    Coas^   Agents 


MISCELLANEOUS 


HOTEL  VENDOME 


Headquarters  for  all 
Tourists  to  the  grreat 
Lick  Observatory 


This  beautiful  hotel  is  situated  in  the  wonderful  Santa  Clara 
Valley,  "the  Garden  of  California",  at 


SAN  JOSE 


The  Great  Telescope,  Lick  Observatory,  is  near  this 

Charming  Summer  and  Winter  Resort 

5UNNY  SKIES 
CLIMATE  UNSURPASSED 


In  a  word,  the  Vendome  is  Modern,  Comfortable,  Homelike 
Is  First-class  in  every  respect,  and  so  are  its  patrons. 
Wi'ite  for  rates  and  illustrated  souvenir. 


GEO.  P.  5NELL,  Manager 


THE   GARDEN   CITY   SANITARIUM 

This  institution  is  fully  equipped  in  every 
department  for  the  care  and  comfort  of 
the   health-seeker.      A    home-like    place, 
where   quiet   and  rest   may   be   obtained, 
with  all  modern   methods  of   treat- 
ment.    Every  variety  Water  treat- 
ment, Massag-e,  Manual  Movements, 
Rest  Cure.     The  finest  of  Electrical 
apparatus   made.     Larg-e  Static   X- 
Ray,  Electric  Light  Bath,  etc. 

Tubercular,  Insanity,  Contagious 
and  objectionable  cases  not   taken. 

Beautiful  scenery.  Mount  Hamilton  in 
view.  Beautiful  natural  and  artificial 
g-roves  on  the  grounds.  One  block  from 
street  cars,  15  minutes'  walk  from  center  of 
city.    Rates,  $10  to  $20  per  week. 

Pure  Health  Foods  manufactured  and  for 
sale. 


SAN  JOSE,  CAL. 


LOS   ANGELES   OPTICAL  CO., 

OCULISTS,    OPTICIANS 

THE    ONLY    EXCLUSIVE    OPTICAL    PARLORS 
IN    LOS    ANGELES. 


TCLEPHONE  JAMC8  1631 


319  S.  SPRING 


Ramona  Toilet  ^o  A  p 


MISCELLANEOUS 


SANTA 
CLARA  VALLEY 

4000  Acres  Orchard  and  Vine 
Land  now  on  sale  in  10-acre  tracts  or 
more,  only  $14.14  monthly  payraentplan. 
Depot  on  ranch.   Great  oaks.    Rich  land. 
We  plant  and  care  for  it.     Only  $80  an 
acre.  Worth  more.    Send  for  prospectus. 
6«»00  Acres,  or  less,   Salinas  Valley 
Alfalfa  and  Apple  Land,  all  under 
complete   irrig-ation.     A  g-reat  bar- 
gain.   $30  an  acre.     Send  for  Cat- 
alogue. 
Wooster,  Whitton  &  Montgomery 
San  Jose,  Cal. 


JOHN     BLOESER 


Telephone  Main  427   Office,  456  S.  Broadway 


i4Ulbs.  SUGAR  ^1- 

other  groceries  and  mdse.at  cut  pricesTVala- 


We 

sell 

with  otner  groceries  ana  mase.ac  cui  prices, 
able  formulag  free  to  new  customers.  S«nd  eigkt 
2-ct. stamps  for  ourcatalogue  detailing  our  big  bar- 
gains 4  how  to  order.  Werebate  I6-cts.onfirstgro- 
cery  order  so  catalogue  costs  you  nothing.  Big 
Money  for  Agents.  HJ.WAEBKN  IIIERCANTILBOO. 
Importers  and  Jobbers.  CHICAGO.  ILL. 

nCJin   Om  To  Surprise  your  Wife,  address  J.  C.  H. 
ULnn  01  n  Box  226.    Summit,  New  Jersey. 

Mnnpv  lUfikpr^ ^^  ^*^'*t  you  without 

ITIUIIi:;j   ITIOHCId        capital.     Full    particu- 
lars for  2c.  stamp.  Notsira  Co.,  Dept.  L,  Baltimore,  Md. 


Established  1869. 

COSTS  NOTHING  TO  TRY 

Send  postal  for  free  sample  of  Norny's 

Fruit  Preserving  Powder. 

zane  nornt  &  co., 

P.  O.  Box  868.  Fhiladelphia,  Pa. 


BRO-MANCEION 


j^sguiPBiaB 


MIND  READING 


AND    PERSONAL 
MAGNETISM 

Learn  to  DEVELOP  the  Forces 
Within  You    .    .    . 


BE  fl  LEADER  AMONG  MEN 


PARTICULARS    BY    MAIL 
BOX    E 


G.  H.  OTIS,  Shultz,  Mich, 


m^Vaioma  toilet5?ap 


AX   i 
DRUG  STORES 


MISCELLANEOUS 


^.^cm. 


w 


ILL  develop  or  redace 
any  part  of  the  body 

A  P«rf*et  Complexion  B«aatifl«r 
and 

Remover  of  Wrinkles 

Dr.  John  Wilson  Gibbs' 

THE  ONLY 

Electric  Massage  Roller 

(Patent«<l  United  StaUi,  Europe 

Canada.) 

"  Ha  work  ii  not  confined  to  thi 

face  alone,  but  will  do  food  to  an] 

Trade-Mark  Registered.       part  of  the  body  to  which  it  ia  ap 

plied,  developing  or  reducing  as  desired.      It  is  a  ytrj  prett) 

addition  to  the  toilet-table."— Chicago  Tribune. 

"This  delicate  Electric  Beautifier  remoTes  all  facial  blemishw 
It  is  the  only  positive  remover  of  wrinkles  and  crow's-feet-  1 
never  fails  to  perform  all  that  is  expected."— Chiaago  Times 
Herald. 

"The  Electric  Roller  is  certainly  productive  of  good  raanltt 
I  believe  it  the  beat  of  any  appliances     It  is  safe  and  effeetiva.' 
— HAaaiR  uuBBAKB  Atix,  New  York  World. 

For  Massage  and  Curative  PNrposes 

An  Electric  Roller  in  all  the  term  implies.  The  invention  of  k 
physician  and  electrician  known  throughont  this  country  and 
Korope.  A  moet  perfect  complexion  beautifier.  Will  remoT* 
wrinkles,  "crow's-feet"  (premature  or  from  age),  and  all  facial 
blemishes— POSITIVE.  Whenever  electricity  is  to  be  used  foi 
maasaging  or  curative  purposes,  it  has  no  equal.  No  charging 
Will  last  forever.  Always  ready  for  use  on  ALL  PARTS  OF  THE 
BODY,  for  all  diseases.  For  Rheumatism,  Sciatica,  Neuralgia, 
Nervous  and  Circulatory  Diseases,  a  specific  The  professiooa) 
standing  of  the  inventor  (you  are  referred  to  the  public  preat 
for  the  past  fifteen  years),  with  the  approval  of  this  eountrj 
and  Europe,  is  a  perfect  guarantee.  PRICE  :  Oold,  |i  00, 
Silver,  $S  00.  By  mail,  er  at  oflElce  of  Qibbs'Company,  187(' 
RnoAPWAT    Nkw  Yoai      Circular  free  jt-   Olllv 

Electric  Roller. 
yesiv^         All  others 
■^   >    .     •-;      "^B         to  called  are 
^  i       -  ^»         Fraudulent 

Imitations. 


Copyright. 
"  Can  take  a  pound  a 
day  off  a  patient,  or  put 
it  on."— New  York  Sun, 
Aug.  80,  1801.  Send  for 
leetvre  on  "Great  Sab- 
jeot  of  Fat."    NO  DIETING 

Dr.  John  Wilson  GIbbs'  Obesity  Cure 

For  the  Permanent  Reduction  and  Cure  of  Obesity 

Purely  Vegetable.  Harmlesi  and  Positive.  NO  FAILURE.  Yoni 
reduction  is  aaaured— reduced  to  stay.  One  month's  treatment 
•6.00.  MaU,  or  oflaee,  1»70  Broadway,  New  York  "On  obwiity, 
Dr.  Oibbt  is  •  raoofi^Lnd  antbority.— N.  T.  PrMs,  18N." 

RIDUCTION  OUAKANTUD. 

"The  von  ia  bsMd  on  Hktture's  lawa."— Ntw  York  Herald 
July*,  180S. 


MO  HARD  WORK.    [Copyright. 


LADIES:  DON'T  FRET  AND  WORRY" 
Use  Madame  Warren's  Female  Pills  ;  have 
cured  thousands  ;  will  cure(you  ;  safe  and  sure; 
absolutely  harmless  ;  sent  by  mail  securely 
sealed;  price  $2.  Address  Warren  Medical  Co., 
Reading-,  Mass.     Dept.  £. 


DR.  GUNN'S  LIVER 

PILLS 


CURES  SICK  HEADACHE  by  remov 
iHR  the  cause.  CURES  DYSPEPSIA  by 
aidini;  di»ceBtion.  CLEARS  THE  COM- 
PLEXION, by  purifying  the  blood. 

ONLY  ONE  FOR  A  DOSE. 

These  Pills  act  quietly  on  the  bowels,  removing  the  pestilent 
matter,  stimulates  the  liver  into  action  creatuie  a  healthy 
dierestion.  curinff  dvspcpsia  and  sour  stomach.    For  pimply, 

f)ale  or  sallow  people,  they  impart  to  the  face  that  wholesome 
ook  that  indicates  health.  Sold  by  druRrpists  or  by  mail 
asc.abox.  Samples  free.  DR.  B08AKK0  CO  ,  PhUadelphU,  Pa 


MAY  SALE 


MEN'S  fINE  SLITS 

$  8.50  Suits  for  $  5.95 

12.50  Suits  for  9.25 

15.00  Suits  for  11.95 

18.00  Suits  for  13.75 

Mail  orders  carefully  filled. 

JACOBY  BROS., 

3  31-333-335    S.    BROADWAY 


College  of  Immaculate  Heart 

SELECT  BOARDING  SCHOOL 
FOR  YOUNG  LADIES 


For  particulars  address  Sister  Superior, 
Pico  Heigrhts,  Los  Angreles,  Cal. 


EAMES  TRICYCLE  CO. 


Manufacturers  and  patentees  of  the  very 
latest  designs  of  Tricycles  for  the  crip- 
pled.   Also  Tricycles  for  those  who  would 


like  the  pleasures  of  cycling  and  do  not 
ride  the  bicycle.  Wheel  chairs  for  inval- 
ids, and  Hospital  Appliances.  Send  for 
illustrated  catalogue. 

EAMES  TRICYCLE  CO.  ilMSSl" 


EDUCATIONAL 


POMONA  COLLEGE 


Claiemont, 
California. 


Courses  leading  to  degrees  of  B.A;,  B.S.,  and 
B.  L.  Its  degrees  are  recognized  by  Univer- 
sity of  California,  Stanford  University,  and 
all  the  Eastern  Universities. 

Also  preparatory  School,  fitting  for  all 
Colleges,  and  a  School  of  Music  of  high 
grade.       Address, 

FRANK  li.  FERGUSON,  President 

THE  CHAFFEY  SCHOOL  Sl^ca.. 

Most  healthful  and  beautiful  location.  Well 
endowed.  Prepares  for  any  university.  Teach- 
ing or  business  Fully  accredited  by 
State  University. 

GIRLS  trained  for  the  home  and  society  by  cultured  lady  teach- 
ers at  Elm  Hall.    Special  teacher  in  domestic  economy. 

BOTS  developed  in  manly  qualities  and  business  habits  by 
gentlemen  teachers  at  West  Hall.    Individual  attention. 

Piano  and  Voice,  resident  teachers,  highest  standards. 

niDstrated  catelogue.  DEAN  WILLIAM  T.  RANDALL 

LASELL    SEMINARY 

FOR 

YOUNG   WOMEN 

A«baradale,  Mass. 

"  In  your  walking  and  sitting  so  much  more 
erect;  in  your  general  health;  in  your  conver- 
sation; in  your  way  of  meeting  people,  and  in 
innumerable  ways,  I  could  see  the  benefit  yo'a 
are  receiving  from  your  training  and  associa- 
tions at  Lasell.  All  this  you  must  know  is  very 
gratifying  to  me." 

So  a  father  wrote  to  his  daughter  after  her 
Christmas  vacation  at  home.  It  is  unsolicited 
testimony  as  to  Lasell's  success  in  some  im- 
portant lines. 

Those  who  think  the  time  of  their  daughters 
is  worth  more  tlian  money,  and  in  the  quality 
of  the  conditions  which  are  about  \,i:em  during 
school-life  desire  the  very  best  that  the  East 
can  offer,  will  do  well  to  send  for  the  illus- 
trated catalogue.  _  . 

C.  C.  BRA6DON,  PrincipaS 


THE  Harvard  School 

(IViiLiTARY) 

LOS   ANGELES,    CAL. 

An  Eng-lish  Classical  Boarding- and  Day  School 
for  Boys. 

GRENVILLE  C.  EMERY,  A.  B., 
Head  Master. 

Reference  :  Chas.  W.  Eliot,  LL.  D.,  President 

Harvard  University. 
Hon.  Wm.  P.  Frye,  Pres't  pro  tern.  U.  S.  Senate. 


Occidental  College 

LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 

Three  Courses  :     classical,  Literary, 

Scientific,  leading-  to  degrress  of  A.  B.,  B.  L.,  and 
B.  S.    Thorough  Preparatory  Department. 

First  semester  began  September  26, 1900. 

Address  the  President, 

Kev.  Uuy  W.  Wadsworth. 

PASADENA 

124    S.     EUCLID    AVENUE 

MISS  ORTON'S  BOARDING  AND 

DAY  SCHOOL  FOR  GIRLS. 

New  Building-s.  Gymnasium.  Special  care  of 
health.  Entire  charg-e  taken  of  pupils  during- 
school  year  and  summer  vacation.  Certificate 
admits  to  Eastern  Colleges.  11th  year  began 
October  1,  1900. 


Formerly  Casa  de  Rosas. 

GIRLS'  COLLEGIATE  SCHOOL 

Adams  and  Hoover  Stg., 
Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Alicb  K.  Parsons,  B.A., 

Jeanitb  W.  Dbnkbm, 

Principals. 

Iniversity  of  the  Pacific  ^"l^- 

In  the   beautiful  Santa  Clara  Valley- 
Four  Collegre  Courses  leading-  to  degrees 

of  A.  B.,  Ph.  B.,  Sc.  B.,  Lit.  B.  Co-Educational. 
Academy  prepares  for  best  Colleges,  n  Best 

equipped  Conservatory  of  Music  on  the  Coast, 

leading-  to  degree  in  Vocal  and  Instrumental. 
Next  semester  beg-ins  Aug-.  20, 190].    Address 

the  President,  Rev.  E.  McClish,  D.  D. 

The  Brownsberger  Home 

SHORTHAND  AND 

TYPEWRITING 

903  Soath  Broadway.       Tel.  Blue  70fil. 

7n  Latest  Model  Typewriters  owned  by  this 
*  **  institution.  Only  individual  work.  Ma- 
chine at  home  free.  The  only  school  on  the 
Coast  doing-  practical  office  work.  Evening: 
school  every  evening-.  Send  for  handsome  new 
catalog-ue. 


School 


212    iAZeST    THIRD    ST. 

Is  the  oldest  established,  has  the  largest  attendance,  and  is  the  best  equipped 
business  coUeg^e  on  the  Pacific  Coast.     Catalogue  and  circulars  free. 

Reliable  help  promptly  furnished,    nummel  Bros.  &  Co.    Tel.  Main  509 


ENGRAVINGS 


C.    J.    CRANDALL   &    CO.         Tel,pI.one  Red  406        FOTOOBAF   AK:;i,':i^G^ 


VIEW  FOTOQRAFERS 

Successors  to 
„,,  ,  Fotos  of  Southern  Cal.  on  hand.    Lantern  r«i«.,rf«  c*     pacahfiua    tai 

MILL  Slides,  Albums  and  Transparencies  59  t.  Colorado  St.,  PASADtNA,  OAi. 


Ramon  A  Toilet  »So  A  p 


FOR   ^ 
EVERYWHEF?E 


FINANCIAL,  ETC. 


OLDEST  AND  LARGEST  BANK  IN  SOUTHERN 
CALIFORNIA. 

farmers  and  Merchants  Bank 

OP  LOS  ANGELES,  CAL 

Capital  ( paid  up )     .    .    $500,000.00 

Surplus  and  Reserve     .      925.000.00 

Total    ....    $1,425,000.00 

OFFICERS 

5.  W.  Hellman,  Prest.     H.  W.  Hellman,  V.-Prest. 

Henry  J.  Fleishman,  Cashier 

GUSTAV  Heimann.  Assistant  Cashier 

DIRECTORS 

W.   H.   Perry,         C.   E.  Thorn,         J.  F.  Francis. 

O.  W.  Childs,    I.  W.  Hellman,  Jr.,  I.  N.  Van  Nuys, 

A.  Glassell,     H.  W.  Hellman,     I.  W.  Hellman. 

Special  Collection  Department.    Correspondence 
Invited.    Safety  Deposit  Boxes  torrent. 

First  National  Banl( 

OF  LOS  AXOEIiES. 

Largttt  Nttional  Bank  In  Southern 
California.. 

Capita!  Stock $400,000 

Surplus  and  Undivltled  Profits  over 260,000 

J.  M.  Elliott,  Prest.  W.  G.  Kerckhoff,  V.-Prest. 

Frank  A.  Gibson,  Cashier 

W.  T.  b.  Hammond,  Assistant  Cashier 

DIRECTORS 

J.  D.  Bicknell,     H.  Jevne,  W.  G.  Kerckhoff, 

J.  M.  Elliott,         F.  Q.  Story,       J.  D.  Hooker, 

J.  C.  Drake. 
All  Departments  of  a    Modern    Banking    Business 
Conducted. 


W.  C.  Patterson,  Prest.  P.  M.  Green,  Vice-Prest, 

W.  D  WOOLWINE,  Cashier 
E.  W.  COE,  Assistant  Cashier 


G)f .  First  and  Spring  Streets 


Capital  Stock 
Surplus     - 


$500,000 
100,000 


This  bank  has  the  best  location  of  any  bank  in 
Los  Angeles.  It  has  the  largest  capital  of  any 
National  Bank  In  Southern  California,  and  is  the  only 
United  States  Depositary  in  Southern  California. 


OIL  LANDS 


We  have  for  sale  all  or  part  of  four  sec- 
tions of  land  having-  promising-  oil  indi- 
cations. It  lies  from  four  to  ten  miles 
from  the  S.  P.  Ry.,  and  has  easy  down 
g-rade  adapted  to  pipe  line.  Development 
is  prog-ressing-  in  the  vicinity,  and  as 
soon  as  oil  is  actually  struck  and  the 
territory  thus  proved,  values  will  greatly 
increase.  Now  is  the  time  to  buy,  if  you 
are  interested. 

SANDSTONE  OIL  AND  MINING  CO. 

F.  A.  Pattee,  Secretary, 

Room  5,  No.  121^  S.  Broadway, 

Los  Ang-eles,  Cal. 


INGSLEY-BARNES& 
NEUNER  CO.,  limited 

Engravers 

Printers 

Binders 

Printers  and  Binders  to  tlie 
Land  of  Sunshine. 

Art  Souvenirs  of  all  Descriptions. 

Telephone  Main  417 

123  South  Broadway 

Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


INVESTMENTS 


'^^'W^' 


.-iSu--^. 


WE  SELL  THE  EARTH 

afe^        BASSETT  &  SMITH 

We  deal  in  all  kinds  of  Real  Estate. 
Orchard  and  Resident  Property. 
Write  for  descriptive  pamplilet. 

232  W.  Second  St,  Room  208,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

REDLANDS.  CALIFORNIA 

A    CITY    OF    BEAUTIFUL    HOMES 
AND    FINE    ORANGE    GROVES 

Climate  unsurpassed,  mag-nificent  scenery,  ex- 
cellent schools  and  churches,  best  of  society,  BO 
saloons.   If  you  want  a  home  in  Southern  Califor- 
nia, or  a  navel  orang-e  g-rove  as  an  investment, 
call  upon  or  address:         JOHN  P.  FISK,  Rooms  1 
and  2,  Union  Bank  Block,  Redlands,  California. 

ORANGE  AND    LEMON 
GROVES 

The  most  profitable  varieties  on  the  best  soil,  in 
the  finest  condition.     I  have   more   than   I   want 


t^^/n 


NOW  PAYING  A  GOOD 

INCOME  ON  PRICE 

REQUIRED. 


«*$*» 


WILL  PAY  A  BETTER 

INCOME  AS  TREES 

GET  OLDER. 


take  care  of,  and  will  sell  part  in  ten-acre  tracts  at  prices 
4^^  X   below  present  conservative  values.     Write  me  iox  y   ^ 
,^\^  particulars.    Better  yet,  come  and  see  property.  ^^^^^&J^ 

^''^   A.  P.  GRIFFITH,  Azusa,  Cal.  /^  ^ 


•5.*********«*«***********«**«**«**«>?» 


49 
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THE   PRICE 


The  impression  is  erroneous 
that  prices  are  hig-her  at  an 
American,  modernly  equipped 
steam  laundry  than  at  the  other  kind.  The  "Chinese  laundry  "  can- 
not compete  in  price  with  the  modern  steam  laundry  except  in  the 
case  of  certain  pieces  of  children's  wear  which  the  American  laundry 
does  not  cater  to.  A  comparison  of  price  lists  will  tell  the  tale.  Then 
what  about  the  all  important  question  of  finish,  systematic  and  re- 
liable business  relations  and  sanitary  advantag-es  ? 

If  all  else  were  equal,  our   ♦  No  5aw-Edj(e  on  Collars  and  Cuffs  ** 
should  turn  the  scale  in  our  favor. 

EMPIRE   LAUNDRY 


Phone  Main  635.     149  5.  Main  St. 


Los  Angeles 

Wm  THHIRICAl  COID  CREIII 


prevents  early  wrinkles.    It  is  not  a  freckle  coating':  it  re- 
moves them.    ANYVO  CO.,  427  N.   Main   St.,   Los  Anffeles. 


MISCELLANEOUS 


■^="©?^ 


-.=^S/s^ 


MORPHINE 

Enormous  Growth  of 

OPIUM 

LAUDANUM 

MORPHINE 

and  Kindred  Drug  Habits 

They  are  Now  Treated  as  a  Disease 


The  universal  failure  of  physicians 
to  cure  these  deadly  drug-  habits  by  the 
usual  methods  is  well  known.  A  drug- 
habit  is  a  disease  and  must  be  treated 
as  other  curable  diseases  are  —  by  the 
use  of  an  antidote,  and  not  by  the  re- 
duction system  or  the  use  of  substi- 
tutes. There  is  no  other  method.  You 
have  your  doubts.  You  may  have  tried 
so-called  remedies.  They  have  failed. 
Why?  They  were  simply  substitutes, 
or  worse,  and  in  many  cases  the  Drug- 
Habit  became  firmer  under  their  use. 
Don't  despair.  If  you  could  see  the 
thousands  of  letters  from  grateful 
people  who  have  been  permanently 
cured  by  our  treatment,  your  doubts 
would  vanish.  Is  your  case  as  hope- 
less as  that  of  Mr.  David  Gant,  of 
lyewis  avenue,  Yonkers,  N.  Y.  ?  Read 
what  HE  says : 

J^erltn  Remedy  Company,  New  Tork  : 

I  cantiot  say  enough  for  yonr  cure.  I  was  suffer- 
ing untold  agonies  from  "Morphine  Starvation.^'' 
ONE  HUNDRED  GRAINS  OF  MORPHINE 
taken  hypodermically  in  twelve  hours  gave  me  NO 
RELIEF.  I  WAS  PRATING  FOR  DEATH 
■when  my  attention  was  called  to  your  remedy.  That 
VJas  nine  months  ago,  and  tiow  I  am  a  7iew  man,  en- 
tirely cured  of  the  tnost  cursed  habit  known  to  man- 
kind. I  wish  other  sufferers  could  learn  of  your 
tvonderful  remedy.  What  a  blessing  it  has  been  to 
me  and  would  be  to  them  !  Tou  may  refer  anyone 
to  me  and  I  will  gladly  tell  thetn  how  I  was  saz'ed 
by  your  Remedy.  Very  truly, 

DAVID  GANT. 

Our  Great  FREE  Offer  to  Those 
Addicted  to  Any  Drug  Habit* 

Send  us  your  name  and  address,  and 
we  will  send  you  a  Trial  Treatment 
ABSOIyUTEI^Y  FREE  of  charg-e. 
We  gladly  do  this  to  give  personal 
proof  of  what  our  great  remedy  will 
do  for  YOU.  Send  today  to  BERI^IN 
REMEDY  COMPANY,  1123  Broad- 
way, Suite  802,  New  York  City. 


A     PERFECT    BUST 


Can  quickly  be  gained  if  you  use  the  famous  new  "Nadine" 
system  of  development  The  marvelous  and  unusual  suc- 
cess with  which  Mme  Hastings'  BustandForm  developini; 
treatment  is  meeting  everywhere  makes  it  acknowledged 
by  society,  the  medical  profession,  and  even  by  our  com- 
petitors as  distinctly  the  peer  of  all  known  developers. 
Unattractive  and  masculine  chested  women  are  readily 
transformed  into  superb  and  attractive  figures  All  hollow 
or  slighted  parts  are  rapidly  filled  out  and  made  beautiful 
in  contour.  It  never  fails  ana  is  absolutely  guaranteed  to 
enlarge  the  female  bust  at  east  six  inches.  Tou  will 
have  the  personal  attention  by  mail  of  a  Face 
and  Form  Specialist  until  development  is  en- 
tirely completed.  Failure  is  imposssblo.  Special  direc. 
tions  are  also  given  for  making  the  Neck  and  Arms  and 
other  parts  full  and  plump.  Perfectly  harmless  ;  all 
development  is  invariably  permanent.  Detailed  instruc- 
tions are  also  given  by  which  15  to  30  healthy  pounds  can 
be  added  to  the  body  generally,  when  so  desired.  Instruc- 
tions, photos,  and  references,  sealed,  free.  Enclose  stamp 
for  postaw.  MME.  HASTINGS,  A.  S.,  69  Dearborn  Street, 
ChicaRO,  Illinois. 


Advertise  Successfully 

For  Mail'  Order  Business 

Sendfiarmy  ADYKBTISER'S  POCKET  GUIDE  of  money. 

•-"X  making  lists  of  lead- 

_  ■  ffWing  dailies,  weeklies 

^— i^^l^— —  injl*  y>  M  land  monthlies.  The 
lf#>3l      *  '  ^  (J  /  l^ey  to  the  best  known 

fl^i  ^^"f/  mediums.      Valuable 

*-*^  ^^"^    and  interesting  to  be- 

ginners;  Sent  Free.    BUDOIiPH  GUKIVTHKR, 

Newspaper  and  Magazine  advertising  lOO  Fulton 

Street,  JVew  York. 


DR.  GUNN'S'Xivi 

Cures  Sick  Headache  by  remov-  -^|,  ,  -^ 
ing- the  cause.  Cures  Dyspepsia  by  Dll  I  V 
aiding- digrestion.  Clears  the  Com-  I  ILLO 
FLEXION  by  purifying-  the  blood. 

ONLY  ONE  FOR  A  DOSE. 

These  Pills  act  quickly  on  the  bowels,  removing- 
the  pestilent  matter,  stimulates  the  liver  into 
action,  creating-  a  healthj"  dig-estion,  curing-  dys- 
pepsia and  sour  stomacn.  For  pimply,  pale  or 
sallow  people,  they  impart  to  the  face  that 
wholesome  look  that  indicates  health.  Sold  by 
drug-g-ists  or  by  mail.  25c.  a  box.  Samples  free. 
DR.  BOSANKO  CO..  Philadelphia.  Pa. 


Help— All  KlMta.    See  Nannel  Brae,  ft  Cei    300  W.  Secood  St    TeL  Mali  SOS 


INVESTMENTS 


®S!m 


Southern  California 


Visitors 


should 
not  fail  to  see 

AZUSA 

24  miles  from  Los  Angeles, 
on  the  Kite-shaped  track  of 
the  Santa  F^  Ry. 

It  has  first-class  hotel  accommodations,  good  drives  and  fine  scenic  sur- 
roundings. Its  educational,  social  and  religious  facilities  are  complete. 
It  is  surrounded  by  the  most  productive  and  beautiful  orange  and  lemon 
groves  in  the  world,  and  as  a  place  of  residence  is  warmer  in  winter  and 
cooler  in  summer  than  many  other  famous  orange  districts. 
For  especial  information  or  complete  and  handsome  illustrated  literature, 

U/ritP    C.  D.  GRIFFITHS,  Sec'y 
fill  Iv  Azusa,  California. 


HOTKL   AZUSA. 


Chamber  of  Commerce 


Do  You  Want  to  Know 


Estate 


in  Southern 

California  7 

If  so. 

we  should 

be  glad 

to  Inform 

you. 


PADDOCK  &  DAVIS 

RIVERSIDE,   CAL. 


The  [ofliesi  Colilnio  Uwi  m 


OIL    LANDS 

We  hold  ten  and  ?.  quarter  sections  of  prora- 
isinif  Oil  Lands  in  what  will  soon  be  an  active 
field.  If  you  wish  to  buy  Oil  Lands  call  and 
investigate.  DRY  LAKE  OIL  CO., 

Room  7  F.  A.   PatTCC,   SccncTAnv 

121^  South  Broadway  L0&  ANQ£l£S,  cAL. 


Orange  and  I^emon  lands, 
with  water,  $60  up. 

Deciduous,  Dairying  and 
Alfalfa  lands,  $20  up. 

Sales  are  now  being  made  at 
these  prices.  For  full  infor- 
mation apply  to 

secreiQfy  Boord  oi  TfQde, 
Ponerviiie,  caiiiOFDia. 


We  Sell  Orange  Orchards 

That  pay  a  steady  investment,  with  good  water  rights.     We  have  them  in  the 
suburbs  of  Pasadena,  finely  located  for  homes,  also  in  the  country  for  profit. 

FINE  HOMES  IN  PASADENA  A  SPECIALTY. 
WOOD  &  CHURCH,  16  8.  Raymond  Avenue,  Pasadena,  Cal. 


COLONIZATION 


International  Colonizing  Co. 

Empire    Building,    71    Broadway,    Room    1014,    New    York    City. 

Capital  Stock,  S500,000.       50,000  (Unassessable)  Shares,  »10  each 


OFFICERS  : 

William   R.  Townsend President.        Matthew  P.  Breen Vice-President. 

Arthur  F.Carniody..Sec'y  and  Treasurer.        Walter  C.  Richards Manag-er. 

Wm.  H,  Martin Land  Commissioner. 

DIRECTORS : 
Henry  A.  Whiting-,    Roswell  O.  Stebbins,     Cassius  M.  Gilbert,     Daniel  Danehv. 

Bank  of  Deposit:  Wells,  Farg:o  &  Co.,  63  Broadway. 

COLOUIBIA,  SOUTH  AMJEKICA. 

The  Cartag-ena  Terminal  and  Improvement  Company,  Limited,  has  a  tract  of  land. 
(TUKEK  HUNDRED    THOUSAND  ACliES) 

on  the  east  bank  of  the  Magdalena  River,  about  five  hundred  miles  from  the  coast.  It 
is  about  1000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  and  has  a  frontage  on  the  river  of  about  25 
miles.  Our  Company  has  determined  to  subdivide  the  same  into  20,  40,  50  and  100-acre 
farms,  and  sell  at  $5  per  acre,  payable  $4  per  acre  cash,  and  $1  per  acre  in  one,  two,  three 
and  four  years,  without  interest.  The  climate,  soil  and  productions  are  the  same  as 
Southern  California,  to  which  are  added  Tropical  Fruits,  such  as  Oranges,  Lemons, 
Limes,  Grape  Fruiti  Pine  Apples,  Grapes,  Cocoa  and  Rubber  Trees,  Ginseng-  Root,  To- 
bacco, etc.  TIMBER. 

In  addition  to  the  ag-ricultural  products  mentioned,  we  have  thousands  of  acres  of 
all  varieties  of  hard  woods,  such  as  Mahogany,  Lig-num  Vitae,  Oak,  Spanish  Cedar, 
Ash,  Laurel,  Redwood — suitable  for  cabinet  work.  Also  Cinchona,  Copaiva,  Sarsa- 
parilla,  Cinnamon,  Cloves,  Arrow  Root,  Ginger  Root  and  Ginseng  Root.  Our  timber 
lands  sell  at  $10  per  acre.  MANUFACTURING. 

We  are  prepared  to  assist  and  encourage  any  desirable  manufacturing  business  that 
may  seek  an  opening-  in  our  colony.     We  intend  it  shall  be  an 

INDUSTRlAIi  COLONY 
where  we  will  have  the  following- :  Carriage  and  wag-on  factory,  blacksmith  shops,  fur- 
niture factory,  cigar  factory,  box  factory,  shoe  factory,  ice  factory,  an  electric  plant, 
agricultural  implement  works,  iron  foundry,  mining-  machinery,  flour  and  grist  mill, 
saw  mills,  and  within  a  few  years  other  industries  will  follow. 

CALIFORNIA. 

THE  RANCHO  LAGUNA  DE  TACHE 

is  a  body  of  land  in  Fresno  and  Kings  counties,  California,  consisting  of  about  sixty 
thousand  acres  of  river  bottom  land,  located  on  the  north  bank  of  the  Kings  River, 
about  twenty  miles  south  of  Fresno,  the  county  seat  of  Fresno  county,  and  nine  miles 
north  of  Hanford,  the  county  seat  of  Kings  county.  It  extends  for  some  thirty  miles 
along-  the  river,  from  King-sburg  on  the  east  to  Summit  Lake  on  the  west. 

SELECTION. 

This  immense  tract,  equal  in  extent  to  over  two  and  one-half  townships,  was  selected 
in  1846  and  located  by  one  Manuel  Castro  as  a  "  Mexican  grant,"  two  years  before  the 
territory  of  which  California  is  a  part  was  ceded  to  the  United  States  by  Mexico.  The 
records  show  that  in  1858  the  Supreme  Court  of  California  confirmed  this  g-rant  to 
Castro,  and  in  1866  the  United  States  issued  to  him  a  patent  therefor, 

SUBDIVISION. 

Eig-ht  thousand  acres  of  choice  land  along-  the  east  and  west  county  road  leading-  to 
Lillis  and  Laton  has  been  surveyed  and  subdivided,  and  one-half  of  it  is  now  for  sale  in 
tracts  of  ten  acres  and  upwards  as  purchasers  may  desire.  The  plan  adopted  will  be 
to  reserve  each  alternate  tract  from  sale  for  the  present  so  that  the  purchaser  of  ten 
or  twenty  acres  may,  if  he  desires,  rent  the  adjoining-  tract  for  use  in  raising  tem- 
porary crops  while  the  trees  and  vines  on  his  own  place  are  growing-  into  bearing. 

This  policy  is  made  possible  only  because  the  quantity  of  land  in  the  tract  is  large 
enough  to  enable  the  owners  to  take  care  of  their  customers  in  this  manner,  and  it 
is  believed  that  this  way  of  managing  will  commend  itself  to  all  intending-  purchasers. 

PRICES. 

The  first  subdivision  will  be  offered  to  actual  settlers  at  from  $25  to  $40  per  acre  (water 
right  included)  according-  to  location  and  character  of  the  land. 

TERMS. 

Only  sufficient  cash  will  be  required  from  actual  settlers  to  assure  good  faith  in  the 
transaction,  and  the  balance  may  be  arranged  on  long  time  and  easy  terms  at  low  rate 
of  interest.  It  is  expected  that  each  purchaser  will  improve  the  land  he  buys,  and 
when  this  is  satisfactorily  guaranteed  by  proper  persons,  the  most  liberal  arrang-e- 
ments  as  to  cash  payment  can  be  made. 

It  is  believed  that  no  more  favorable  opportunity  to  acquire  a  small  tract  of  good  land 
was  ever  afforded  in  the  State,  and  those  who  desire  to  take  advantage  of  it  should  act 
promptly  and  secure  an  early  choice  from  the  first  subdivision,  which  will  be  the  only 
portion  offered  at  the  extremely  low  prices  above  named.  For  furtherparticulars,  maps 
and  terms,  address,  W.  H.  MARTIN, 

Room  1014,  Land  Commissioner,  71  Broadway,  New  York. 


Hummel  Bros.  &  Co.  furnish  best  help.    300  W.  Second  St    Tel.  Mala  509 


LITERATURE 


...^^ft;^ 


OUTDOORS 

WOODS.    FIELDS  AND   MARSHLAND 

By  ERNEST  McGAFFEY 

About  300  pp.,  6x8  inches.     Frontispie 

ce  in  photogravure.     $1.50. 

THE     CONT 

1.     The  Marshes  in  April                         17. 

Down  the  St.  Joe  River 

2.     Plover  Shooting                                   18. 

Brook-trout  Fishing 

3.     The  Melancholy  Crane                       19. 

A  Masque  of  the  Seasons 

4.     Fishing  for  Big-mouth  Bass  ^    20. 

Wood-chucks 

5.     Flight  of  Common  Birds 

21. 

Frog  Hunting 

6.     Fishing  for  Crappie 

22. 

The  Crow's  Wing 

7.     In  the  Haunts  of  the  Loon 

23. 

Prairie  Chicken  Shooting 

8.     Blue  Bills  and  Decoys 

24. 

A  Fox  in  the  Meramec  Valley 

9.     Walking  as  a  Fine  Art 

25. 

Fall  Jack-snipe  Shooting 

10.     Fishing  for  Bull-heads 

26. 

In  Dim  October 

11.     Along  a  Country  Road 

27. 

Ruffed  Grouse 

12.     Wood-cock  Shooting 

28. 

In  Prairie  Lands 

13.     Under  the  Green-wood  Tree 

29. 

Hunting  with  Ferrets 

14.     Pan-lishing 

30. 

The  Bare,  Brown  Fields 

15.     A  Northern  Nightingale 

31. 

Quail  Shooting 

16.     Squirrel  Shooting 

32. 

In  Winter  woods 

WK  think  every  reader  of   the  Land  of  Sunshine  will 
be  interested  in    OUTDOORS,    and  we  want  every 
one  to  have  a  cop)" : 

Because  we  think  every  copy  sold  will  sell  about  three 
copies  more.  We  will  be  g"lad  to  send  to  any  reader  of  the 
Land  of  Sunshine,  a  copy  of 

OUTDOORS.  Prepaid,  for  $t.00 

This  oifer  is  made  only  to  the  readers  of  the  Land  of 
Sunshine  and  must  be  accepted  before  July  31st. 


Richard  G.  Badger  &  Co. 

Tremont  Temple 


INCORPORATED ) 


BOSTON,  MASS. 


LITERATURE 


OUR  CLUB  LIST 

For  the  convcntcncc  of  oat  subscribers,  old  and  new,  THE  LAND 
OF  SUNSHINE  has  arrangfed  with  a  number  of  leading;  periodicals  to 
receive  and  forward  subscriptions.  When  ordered  alone,  such  subscrip- 
tions will  be  received  only  at  full  regular  prices.  In  combination  with 
a  subscription  for  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  (new  or  renewal), 
we  are  able  to  offer  clubbingf  rates  which 

WILL  SAVE  YOU  MONEY 

To  make  our  club  list  more  valuable  to  our  readers  we  gfive  a  very 
brief  statement  concerning:  each  magfazine — from  its  publishers  where 
quotation  marks  are  used;  in  other  cases  from  one  of  its  readers: 

ThB  Argonaut  "is  a  literary,  political  and  society  weekly,  containing"  vigorous 
American  Editorials,  striking-  Short  Stories,  Art,  Music,  Drama  and  Society 
notes,  by  brilliant  writers."     San  Francisco,  $4.00  a  year. 

mik  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $4.25. 

The  DLA.L,  "  a  semi-monthly  journal  of  I^iterary  criticism,  discussion  and  infor- 
mation, has  g-ained  the  solid  respect  of  the  country  as  a  serious  and  impartial 
journal."     Chicago,  $2.00  a  year. 

With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $2.25.   {New  subscrip- 
tion only.) 

The  Public,  "  a  serious  paper  for  serious  people,  is  a  weekly  review  of  history 
in  the  making-,  conducted  in  the  spirit  of  Jeffersonian  democracy."  L<ouis  F. 
Post,  editor.     Chicag-o,  $1.00  a  year. 

With  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $1.50. 

The  Nation  has  for  many  years  held  a  secure  place  among-  the  first  half  dozen 
American  mag-azines.  No  serious  thinker,  once  knowing-  it,  can  willing-ly  do 
without  it.     New  York,  $3.00  a  year. 

With  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $3.75. 

The  American  Monthi^y  Review  of  Reviews  "is  the  one  important  maga- 
zine in  the  world  giving  in  its  pictures,  its  text,  its  contributed  articles,  edi- 
torials and  departments,  a  comprehensive,  timely  record  of  the  world's  current 
history."     New  York,  $2.50  a  year. 

With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $3.00. 

The  IvITERARy  Digest,  "all  the  periodicals  in  one — all  sides  of  all  important 
questions."     Weekly,  32  pages,  illustrated.     New  York,  $3.00  a  year. 
With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $3.50. 

The  Ati^antic  MonThi^y  "  aims  now,  as  always  hitherto,  to  give  expression  to 
the  highest  thought  of  the  whole  country."     Boston,  $4.00  a  year. 
With  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $4.25. 

The  Forum — "  to  read  it  is  to  keep  in  touch  with  the  best  thought  of  the  day. 
To  be  without  it  is  to  miss  the  best  help  to  clear  thinking."  New  York,  $3.0u 
a  year. 

With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $3.50. 

The  Arena  "  presents  from  month  to  month  the  ablest  thoughts  on  the  upper- 
most problems  in  the  public  mind,  discussed  by  the  most  capable  thinkers." 
New  York,  $2.50  a  year. 

With  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $2.7^. 

Continued  to  next  page. 


LITERATURE 


Mind,  **  the  world's  leading-  magazine  of  liberal  and  advanced  thought  ...  on 
science,  philosophy,  religion,  psychology,  metaphysics,  occultism,  etc."  New 
York,  $2.00  a  year. 

With  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $2,25. 

The  Living  Age,  "in  each  weekly  number  of  64  pages,  gives  the  most  inter- 
esting and  important  contributions  to  the  periodicals  of  Great  Britain  and  the 
Continent."     Boston,  $6.00  a  year. 

With  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $6.25. 

The  Century,  "  the  leading-  periodical  of  the  world,  will  make  its  most  striking- 
feature  for  1901  the  unexampled  abundance  and  variety  of  its  fiction."  New 
York,  $4.00  a  year. 

With  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $4.50. 

St.  Nichoi^as — "No  one  who  does  not  see  it  can  realize  what  an  interesting  mag- 
azine it  is  and  how  exquisitely  it  is  illustrated ;  it  is  a'  surprise  to  young  and 
old."     New  York,  $3.00  a  year. 

With  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $3.50. 

Harper's  MonThi^y — "The  strongest  serials,  the  best  short  stories,  the  best 
descriptive  and  most  timely  special  articles,  the  keenest  literary  reviews,  and 
the  finest  illustrations  in  both  black-and-white  and  color."  New  York,  $4.00 
a  year. 

With  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $4.25.      Either  Har- 
per's Bazaar  or  Harper's  Weeki^y  can  be  supplied  at  the  same  price. 

The  World's  Work — "Is  a  new  kind  of  magazine.  .  .  .  Its  articles  are  about 
practical  subjects,  living  men,  and  what  they  do  ;  our  own  country,  its  progress 
and  its  place  among  the  nations."     New  York,  $3.00  a  year. 
With  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $3.25, 

LiPPiNCOTT's  "  is  distinguished  from  all  other  magazines  by  a  complete  novel  in 
each  number,  besides  many  short  stories,  light  papers,  travel,  humor  and 
poetry  by  noted  authors."     Philadelphia,  $2.50  a  year. 

With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $2,75. 

McCi^URE's  Magazine — "  Among  many  noticeable  features  will  be  Rudyard  Kip- 
ling's new  novel  "  Kim,"  the  best  work  he  has  ever  produced  ;  "  New  Dolly 
Dialogues,'.'  by  Anthony  Hope  ;  a  drama  by  Elizabeth  Stuart  Phelps-Ward,  and 
unusually  interesting  historical  articles."     New  York,  $1.00. 
With  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $1.75, 

The  Youth's  Companion,  "every  Thursday  in  the  year  for  every  member  of 
the  family."    Boston,  $1.75  a  year. 

With  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $2,25.   {New  subscrip- 
tion only,) 

Modern  Cui^Ture,  "a  continual  feast  tor  lovers  of  fiction,  but  fiction  is  not  the 
only  or  the  chief  attraction  of  this  magazine  to  thoughtful  readers."  Cleve- 
land, $1.00  a  year. 

With  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  Jor  $1.50. 

Success  "is  a  monthly  home  magazine  of  inspiration,  progress  and  self-help.'* 
New  York,  $1.00  a  year. 

With  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $1.75. 


If  you  are  in  the  habit  of  subscribing  for  several  magazines,  the 
combination  offers  on  the  next  page  will  interest  you.  If  not,  this  is 
a  good  time  to  get  into  the  habit. 

The  Land  of  Sunshine  Publishing  Co., 

Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Continued  to  next  page. 


LITERATURE 


FEASTS  OF  GOOD  READING  AT  FAMINE  PRICES. 

Review  of  Reviews  (new),  Current  Literature,  World's  Work 
and  Land  of  Sunshine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $9.50.     O UR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $4, 75. 

Cosmopolitan,  McClure's,    Review  of  Reviews  (new),   Land  of 
Sunshine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $5.50.     O UR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  S3. 75. 

McClure's,    Review    of    Reviews    (new),  Current    Literature, 
Land  of  Sunshine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $^.50.     O UR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $4,50. 

Lippincott's,  Review  of  Reviews    (new),   Current  Literature, 
Land  of  Sunshine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $9.00.     OUR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $5.50. 

Success,  Cosmopolitan,  McClure's,  World's  Work,  Land  of  Sun- 
shine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $7.00.     OUR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $4.25. 

Public  Opinion  (new) ,  Success,  Review  of  Reviews  (new) ,  Cosmo- 
politan, Land  of  Sunshine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $8. 00.     0 UR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $4. 00. 

Current  Literature,  McClure's,   Success,  Review  of  Reviews 
(new),  Cosmopolitan,  Land  of  Sunshine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $9.50.     O UR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $5.00, 

The  Dial,  The  Arena,  Lipincott's,  Harpers,  Land  of  Sunshine 
REGULAR  PRICE,  $12.00.     OUR  CLUB  RATE,  $9.00. 

Atlantic  Monthly,  Harper's,  Century,  Review  of  Reviews  (new), 
Current  Literature,  Land  of  Sunshine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $18.50.     O UR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $13.50. 

Scribner's,  The  Nation,  The  Dial   (new).  Current  Literature 
Review  of  Reviews  (new).  Land  of  Sunshine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $14.50.     O UR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $10.50. 

The  Argonaut,  Harper's,  Current  Literature,  Review  of  Re- 
views (new).  Land  of  Sunshine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $14.50.     O UR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $10. 00. 

St  Nicholas,  Youth's  Companion  (new).  Land  of  Sunshine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $5. 75-     O UR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $4. 75. 

If  you  do  not  find  just  the  combination  you  would  like  among-  these 
named,  write  us  just  what  you  want  and  we  will  probably  be  able 
to  name  a  satisfactory  price. 

Full  remittance  must  accojn^any  all  orders. 

The  Land  of  Sunshine  Publishing  Co., 


^PSW^ 


^ivi>.4Sl=-«>» 


MISCELLANEOUS 


Merchants  Transfer  Co. 


1 


25c.  AND  35c. 

to  all  parts  of 
the  city. 


Hold   your    Baggage    Checks    until    you 
can  phone  ng. 

ARNOLD    HOLST,    PROP. 

122  N.  Broadway,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Phone  Jamea  333  6  ' 


Rockisland 
Route 


^W 


EAST 


Leave  Los  Angeles  every  Tuesday,  Friday  and 
Saturday,  via  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  "Scenic 
Line,"  and  by  the  popular  Southern  Route  every 
Thursday.  Low  rates  ;  quick  time  ;  competent 
manag-ers  ;  Pullman  upholstered  cars  ;  union 
depot,  Chicagro.  Our  cars  are  attached  to  the 
*'  Boston  and  New  York  Special,"  via  Lake 
Shore,  New  York  Central  and  Boston  &  Albany 
Railways. 
For  maps,  rates,  etc.,  call  on  or  address 

T.  J.  CLARK,  Gen'l  Agt.  Pass.  Dept., 
237  South  Spring-  St.  Los  Ang-eles. 

Personally  Conducted 


VOIR  CHOICE  AT  HALf -PRICE 

Half-tone  and 
Line  Etching  Cuts 

We  have  accumulated  over  2000  cuts  of  Ca/i- 
form'a,  Arizona,  and  JVew  Mexico  subjects 
which  have  been  used  in  the  Land  of  Sun- 
shine. They  are  practically  as  good  as  new, 
but  will  be  sold  at  half-price,  viz.,  8/4c  a 
square  inch  for  half-tones  larjrer  than  twelve 
square  inches  and  $1  for  those  under  that 
size  with  40c  additional  for  vig-nettes.  Line 
etchings,  5c  a  square  inch  for  those  over 
ten  square  inches  and  50c  for  those  under 
that  size. 

If  you  cannot  call  at  our  office  send  $1.50 
to  cover  express  charg'es  on  proof  book  to  be 
sent  to  you  for  inspection  and  return.  The 
book  is  not  for  sale  and  must  be  returned 
promptly. 

If  you  order  cuts  to  the  amount  of  $5  the 
cost  of  expressag-e  on  the  proof  book  will  be 
refunded. 

land  of  Sunshine  Pub,  Co. 

Room  7,   No.  12 1  ^  S.   Broadway 
Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


DINNER  SET 


FREE 


for  Belling  24  Iwxes  Salvona  Soaps  or  bottles  Salvona  Perfumes.  To  in 
tro<lu«"e  our  Soaps  and  Perfumes,  we  Kive  free  to  every  purchaser  of  a 
lH)x  or  btittle,  a  Iteautlful  cut  glass  pattern  lO-iiich  fmlt  l>owl,  or  choice  of 
many  oilier  valuable  articles.  To  the  agent  who  sells  24  Imjxcs  soap  we 
(rive  our  co-piece  Dinner  Hct,  full  size,  handsomely  decorated  and  Rold 
lined.  We  also  Rive  Cnrtain*,  Coaohem  Bockem,  AnoKln|r  Goodm  Kvwlnc  Maohlnrai.  Parlor  Lampm  Munionl 
InntrumrnU  of  all  kind*  and  many  other  premiunis  for  (»«'Uiin;  Salvona  Soans  aiul  l'crfuiiu««.  We  allow  yon  ir>  davs 
to  (Iflivcr  t:oo(l8  iiTiil  collect  for  them.  Wc  Kivc  cash  coiiiiiiissioii  if  dcaircd.  No  money  required.  Write  to-<lay 
■•or  oarhandHome  iUustrattHl  cataloKue  fre«w    8ALVONA  W4>A1*  CO.,    Necund  A:  Locust  Htiu,    ST.  LOl'18.  MO. 


INYVO  THEHIRIGm  GOLD  GREAI 


prevents  early  wrinkles.     It  is  not  a  freckle  coating  ;    it  re" 
moves  them.     ANYVO  CO.,  427  N     Main  St.,  Los  Anffelea- 


TRANSPORTATION 


The  Mexican  Central  Railway 
Company,  Limited 

CALLS  ATTENTION  TO  THE  FACT  THAT 

IT  IS  the  only  Standard  Gauge   Route   from   the   United   States 

Frontier. 
IT  IS  the  only  line  in  Mexico  that  can  offer  the  traveling  public 

the  conveniences  and  comforts  of  Standard  Gauge  Pullman 

Buffet  Drawing  Room  Sleepers,  lighted  by  Pintch  gas, 
IT  IS  the  only  line  by  which  you  can  travel  WITHOUT  CHANGE 

from  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  to  Mexico  Citv. 
IT  IS  the  only  line  by  which  you  can  travel  WITHOUT  CHANGE 

from  New  Orleans,  Ea.,  to  Mexico  City. 

The  lines  of  the  Mexican  Central  Railway  pass  through  15  of 
the  27  states  of  the  Republic.  Eight  million  of  the  thirteen  mil- 
lion inhabitants  of  Mexico  are  settled  contiguous  to  them. 

The  principal  mining  regions  receive  their  supplies  and  export 
their  products  over  it ;  Chihuahua,  Sierra  Mojada,  Mapimi,  Fres- 
nillo,  Parral,  Guanacevi,  Durango,  Zacatecas,  Guanajuato,  Som- 
brerete,  Pachuca,  etc.,  etc. 

WHEN    YOU    TRAVEL    FOR    BUSINESS, 
GO  WHERE  BUSINESS  IS  DONE. 

There  are  only  five  cities  of  over  35,000  inhabitants  in  the 
Republic  of  Mexico  that  are  not  reached  by  the  Mexican  Central 
Ivine. 

The  following  ten  cities  are  reached  only  by  the  Mexican 
Central  Railway  : 

Inhabitants  Inhabitants 

Chihuahua 40,000  Guadalajara 125,000 

Parral 20,000  Queretaro 45,000 

Zacatecas 60,000  Zamora 30,000 

Guanajuato 60,000  Aguascalientes 40,000 

L,eon 90,000  Irapuato 20,000 

It  also  directly  reaches  the  cities  of : 

Inhabitants  Inhabitants 

Torreon 15,000  Celaya 25,000 

San  Ivuis  Potosi 75,000  Pachuca 60,000 

Tampico     (Mexu:anGuif    25,000  City  of  Mexico 400,000 

A.  F.  ANDRADE, 

Gen'l  Agent  M.  C.  Ry., 
138  Montgomery  St.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

C.  R.  HUDSON,  W.  D.  MURDOCK, 

G.  F.  &  P.  A.  Mexico  City.  A.  G.  P.  A. 


TRANSPORTATION 


To  most  persons  climatic  changfes,  in  kind  if  not  in  de- 
gree, are  as  needful  to  good  health  and  to  longevity  as 
food  is  to  digestion. 

A  VACATION 

should  be  an  investment  in  heahh.  Whether  you  prefer 
the 

SEA  OR  MOUNTAINS 

any  agent  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Company  can  furnish 
you  with  literature  interesting  and  instructive^  Just  drop 
a  postal  or  call. 

SOUTHERN  PACmC  COMPANY, 

Los  Angeles  Ticket  Office,  26i  South  Spring  Street. 


^ 


PAN  AMERICAN   EXPOSITION 
BUFFAI_0 


^ 


r 

! 


< 

i 

Q. 

J 
111 
Q 
< 

J 

i 
a. 


Linked 
Together^ 

In  commerce  arvd  travel 
by  the 

I^HIGH 

Railroad 


SOLID    VESTIBULE 
TRAINS 


^ 


Dining  Cuis 

A  I A  carte 
ScBNE^mr 

Entrancing 
Route  of  the 

Black.  Diamond 
Express 

WRITE 

CHAS.  S.LEE,  General  Passenger  Agent 
New  York, For  Descriptive  Booklet 
OF  The  Route 


^ 


hZ 


UJ 

z 


THE      SOUTH 
VIA  NEW  YORK  OR  PHILADELPHIA 


Pf 


Pacific  Coast  Steamship  Ca 


The  company's  ele^rant  steam- 
ers leave  as  follows  : 

FOR  SAN  FRANCISCO, 


calling- only  at  Redondo,  Port 

Ifos  Antreles  and  Santa 

Barbara. 


Leave      REDONDO.      SANTA      ROSA      and 

QUEEN,  Wednesdays  and  Saturdays,  8  a.m. 
Leave  PORT  LOS  ANGELES.  SANTA  ROSA 

and   QUEEN,  Wednesdays   and     Saturdays, 
11:30  a.m. 

Arrive  at  San  Francisco  Thursdays  and  Sun- 
days, 1  p.m. 
Leave  SAN  PEDRO.    CORONA  and  BONITA, 

Sundays  and  Thursdays,  6:25  p.m. 
Leave  EAST  SAN  PEDRO.     CORONA    and 

BONITA,  Sundays  and  Thursdays,  6:30  p.m. 

FOR  SAN  DIEGO. 


Leave  PORT  LOS  ANGELES.  SANTA  ROSA 
and  QUEEN,  Mondays  and  Thursdays,  4  p.m. 

Leave  REDONDO.  SANTA  ROSA  and 
QUEEN,  Mondays  and  Thursdays,  8  p.m. 

Due  at  San  Dieg-o  Tuesdays  and  Fridays,  6  a.m. 


The  company  reserves  the  rig-ht  to  chang-e 
steamers,  sailing-  days,  and  hours  of  sailing-, 
without  previous  notice. 

W.  PARRIS,  Ajrent,  124  West  Second  st.,  Los 
Angeles.  GOODALL,  PERKINS  &  CO.,  Gen- 
eral Ag-ents,  San  Francisco. 


TRANSPORTATION 


K-1 

-^^^g^- 

wytfeMfeS^ 

g 

Bsii^ 

The  Salt  Sea  Air 


is  cxilerating  and  invigorating. 
It  is  most  delightful  at  the 


Coronado  Tent  City 


for  here  nature  and  man  have 
united  their  efforts  and  made 
a  perfect   resort,      It^s   on  the 


Santa  Fe 


r^ 


s^SW'--'- 


MISCELLANEOUS 


'-'^tW^.v 


^(l 


lERVE-FORCE 


is  a  Home  Remedy;  a  noble  UNGUEN 
external  application.  It  is  founded  upo 
principle  that  Suffering,   Premature   D< 

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^    and    Premature    Death    are    the    direct, 

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^    indirect,  results 

DORMANT    CIRCULATION: 

that  rescue  can  only  be  assured  by  its  re-establishment  by  directly  charging  the 
trolling  battery-cells  with  an  elcmenl;  imitating  the  nerTe-lorce  ] 
pared  for  that  purpose  hy  I^'ature.  This  imitative  element  is  our  fai 
NERVE-FORCE,  audit  will  positively  re-establish  the  most  sluggish  CIRCULATIO 
normal.  It  has  won  for  us  many  Gold  Medals  for  life-saving  in  the  past  eighteen  y 
We  do  not,  however,  advertise  it— but  our  NERVE-FORCE  Journal,  which  explaii 
every  detail.  We  send  this  Publication  free,  in  plain  envelope,  to  as  i 
addresses  as  you  may  send  us. 

We  appeal  especially  to  the  "  chronically  ill  "  who  are  wearied  and  discouraged 
"stomach  dosing"  as  a  means  of  warfare  against  Disease;  to  sufferers  threatened 
cruel  "operations  ;"  to  men  and  women  who,  in  spite  of  heroic  efforts  for  cure,  feel  tl 
selves  steadily  declining ;  to  men  and  women  who  are  victims  of  sedentary  employmei 
excessive  "brain  exhaustion."  and  to  those  who  have  been  cpst  aside  as  "  incurable. " 
MR.  and  MRS.  GEO.  A.  CORWIN,  1477    Mt.  Morris  Bank  Building,  NEW  YORK  ( 


lures  Baldness, 

revents  Hair  Falling  Out,  Removes  Dandruflf, 
Stops  Itching  and  Restores  Luxuriant 
Growth  to  Shining  Scalps,  Eye- 
brows and  Eyelashes. 

I  FREE  PACKAGE  BY  MAIL 

U.    B.    Cherniss,    Farmersville ,  Texas, 

says  the  top  of  his  head  was  entirely  bald 

lit  the  Remedies  have  grown  a  fine  new 

crop  of  hair  and  everyone  in 

town  is  surprised  to  see  it. 

Says     Prolet^sor     Turner, 
President  of  Fairmount  Col- 
lege.    Sulphur,     Ky.,— -'The 
\*   whole  of  my  hair  was  gone 
}    I'xcept  a   fringe  around  the 
hat   line.   In    six  weeks   the 
liald  spot  was  entirely  cover- 
ed. 1  had  been  bald  for  thirty 
years  and  when  hair  can   be 
made  to  prow  on  such  ahead 
as  mine  no  bald  headed  per- 
son need   fear  the  re- 
sults." 

Theresa  Femiell,  Mos- 
cow. Idaho,  says:— "My 
head  wa.s  bald  and 
glossy,  but  since  using 
the  Foso  Treatment  my 
hair  is  now  four  inches 
in  length  and  quite 
curly  " 

The  remedy  has  cured 
thousands  and  no  one 
need    fear    that   it    Is 
3#l  harmful       We   do  not 

-^  ask   you   to   take   our 

longer  any  rxrimr  for  Ilanilruir,  Kalllng  Hair      word  for  it  or  anyone 
or  liatdnriix.  else's.   Bend  for  the  free 

ialand  learn  foryourself  just  what  this  wonderful  remetly  willact- 
illydoforyou.  The  remedy  als>>  cures  itching  and  dandrufT,  sure 
arns  of  approaching  baliliiess.  and  keeps  the  seal  p  healthy  and  vigor- 
is.  It  also  restores  gray  hair  to  natiiml  color  and  produces  thick 
Ml  :uBtro:is  eyebrows  ami  eyelashes.  By  somling  your  name  and 
Idress  to  the  Altenhelm  Medical  l)l?<pen.*ary.  .S.1K4  Butterfleld  Build- 
g,  ('ln<-ln?t«fl.  ohi".  enclosing  a  ^-cetit  stamp  i«>cover  postage,  they 
II!  m&ilyoa  pre paldafree trial  packageof  thelrremarkable  remedji 


Beautiful  Bust 


Guaranteed 

CORSIQUE  positive] 

fills  out  all  hollow  an 

scrawny    places,    d< 

velopes  and  adds  pei 

feet  shape  to  th 

whole       fori 

wherever     d< 

ficient. 


GUARANTEE 
TO 

DEVELOP 
ANY  BUS' 


Corsique'  pogitively 
enlarges    Kui^t;.       It    is 
the     Original      French         <""  ^oney  Refunde 
Form  and  Bust  Developer  and  Never  Fail* 

Send  2  cent  stamp  for  booklet  showing-  a  pei 
fectly  developed  form,  with  full  instruction 
how  tobecome  beautiful.    Write  to-day. 

Madame  Taxis  Toilet  Co 

63d  and  Monroe  Ave.     Dept.  12 

Chicago,  III. 

SURE   OURE  FOR   PILEl 

ITCHING  Piles  produce  moisture  and  cause  Itching.   This  ( 
.IS    well    as    Blinil.    HIecding  or    Protruding   Piles  are   curci 
Dr.  Bo-iaa-ko't  Plla  Renuidy.    Stops  itching  and  bleeding, 
sorbs  tumors.    50c.  ajar  at  drug^'ists  or  sent  oy  mail.  Treatise 
Write  me  about  your  case.         DR.  BOSANKO,  PbUadslphia 


^1 


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year.  See  wliat  you  gvi  —  Game  of  llarlCRanimon,  foliilnt;  iMtawl  Txll 
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plete;  Nina  Men  Morrla:  Kox  and  Ueese  with  boanla  and  nirn  :  Domlnnea  ; 
full  net  of  handy  alze;  Fortune;  Author*,  48  carta  ; Forfeit;  Oreal  IS  Pusxle  ; 
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Pepjier'a  Animated  Danrlnjc  Skeleton.  14lnrh«*a  hUh,  will  fumlah  fun  for 
entire  evening.  Comic  t'onvereatlon  Carda:  Perrleaa  Amnaement  Book  la  a 
whole  library  of  Information  on  amuaement  framea,  parlor  trtrka.etr.  We 
•end  all  thiafree  to  car>i  one  eendlnif  l*-  rent*  for  4  moncha'  nuUcrlptlon  to 
our  monthly  paper.— S>ii(l  3  eta.  extra  fur  poatage.— «t«nii>a  Ukeu.     Addreaa  WKLCOMS  FUIENl),  168  Na8<iau  at. 


MISCELLANEOUS 


for  Your  Pet  Negative 

There  is    a  Perfection  and   Quality  about  the   Famous 

BRADLEY    PLATINUM    PAPER 

which  justly  makes  k  ^^  Without  a  Rival/^  It  bears  the 
maker^s  guarantee,  and  is  sold  only  by  first-class  dealers 
in  photo  supplies,  which  is  a  double  guarantee.   ^^  t^  ^ 

Manufactured  only  by 

JOHN    BRADLEY,    Chemist,    PHILADELPHIA 


Sturtevant's  Camp.... 

OPEN 


to  campers  and  vis- 
itors. 


Ten  miles  from 
Sierra  Madre  by 
an  easy  and  sce= 
nic  burro  trail. 


The  Camp  is  by  the 
side  of  puro  waters, 
in  the  heart  of 
the  forest-covered 
mountains. 


Board  for  two,  including-  furnished  tent,  $14.00  a  week.    Board  and  furnished  tent  for 
one,  $8,00  a  week.    Furnished  tents,  etc.,  for  rent  without  board. 

For  further  information  secure  booklet  in  advertising-  rack  of  any  Los  Ang-eles  Hotel, 
or  call  at  Tourists'  Information  Bureau,  207  W.  Third  St.,  Los  Angeles,  or  at  Morgran's 
Stables,  44  S.  Raymond  Ave.,  Pasadena, 
or  Phone  Main  31,  Sierra  Madre. 


W.  M.  STURTEVANT 


CREATES  A  PERFECT  COMPLEXION  | 

Mrs.  Graham's  I 


Cucumber  and  Elder 
Flower  Cream 


It  cleanses,  whitens  and  beautifies  the  skin, 
feeds  and  nourishes  skin  tissues,  thus  banish- 
ing- wrinkles.  It  is  harmless  as  dew,  and  as 
nourishing-  to  the  skin  as  dew  is  to  the  iSower. 
Price  $1.00  at  drug-gists  and  agents,  or  sent 
anywhere  prepaid.  Sample  bottle,  10  cents. 
A  handsome  book,  "  How  to  be  Beautiful," 
free. 


MRS.     GRAHAM 


HAIR     GROWER 


S    CACTICO 

TO    MAKE    HIS    HAIR   GROW,    AND 

QUICK    HAIR    RESTORER 

TO    RC8TORE    THE   COLOR. 

Both  fi-uaranteed  harmless  as  water.    Sold 
express; 'prepaid.    Price,  Jill. OO  each.     For  sale  by  all  Drug-ffists  and  Hairdealers. 

Send  for  FBBE  BOOK:    "A  Confidential  Chat  with  Bald  Headed,  Xhin  Haired  and  Gray  Paired    ] 
Men  and  Women.*'    Good  Ag-ents  wanted. 

RISDINGTON  &  CO.,  San  Francisco,  Gen.  Pacific  Coast  Agentg.  I 

MBS.  G£BVAIS£  GRAHAM,  1S61  Michigan  Ave.,  Cliicagro.  t 

MRS.    WISAVBR-JACHSON,   Hair  Stores   and   Toilet   Parlors,    318  S.  Sprinte  St..   Los  An-  ^ 

geles.     82  Fair  Oaks  Ave.,  cor.  Green  St.,  Pasadena.  ' 


BREAKFAST 

COCOA. 


.^^ 


Chocoi^. 


KNOWN    THE  WORLD  OVER*'    '^ 
HAS  RECEIVED  THE  HIGHEST  ENDORSEMENTS 
FROM  THE  MEDICAL  PRACTITIONER,  THE  NURSE 
AND  THE  INTELLIOENT  HOUSEKEEPER  AND  CATERER 

WALTER  BAKER  &  CO.  Umited 

ESTABLISHED  I780      OORCHtSTf  R.MASS. 
•  COLO  MEDAL,  PARIS  lOOO- 


-^A-   ■   ■  ^^• 


JUNE^v  1901. 

6  THE  MODERN  ZION   ^S&i/c^^^^  '  itiohlv 
\,  THE  CANNIBAL  SERIS  P^S^gBNl^J^lcniy 

'         CALIFORNIA  IN  1769    \      ^^— --  Illustrcitea 


Vol.  XIV,  No. 


AAmAAA/^ 


^<^,^^^,>;ici<^^i^^  DEL  SOLDUATAN  EL  ALMA"^,^:^^g^^^:^^g=;:^^^~ 


THE  LAND  OF 

SUNSHINE 


THE  MAGAZINE  OF "? 


CALIFORNIA  AND  THE  WEST 

EDITED  BY  CHAS.  F.  LUMMIS 


In  thb  Sierra  Madre. 


Photo,  by  M.  L.  Snow. 


AA/lAVWvWiyiAAAAAAWlAVlM 


gS»Sf^ 


SUMMER  RESORTS 


REDONDO  BEACH  ^ 

Nearest  Seaside  resort  to  los  Angeles 


Hotel  Redondo—"  Queen  of  the  Pacific' 


tS  Miles  from  Los  Angeles 
on    LOS  ANGELES 
AND  REDONDO  RY. 
or  SANTA  FE 


GOLF,  TENNIS,  BATHING 

BOWLING 

Best  FISHING  on  the  Coast 

RATES  REASONABLE 


For  information  and  illus- 
trated booklet,  address 


Redondo  Hotel  Company^  Redondo  Beach^  CaL 

Or  Call  246  S.  SPRING  ST.,  LOS  ANGELES,  CAL- 


YOSEMITE  VALIEY 

The  Most  Unique  and  Stupendous 
Feature  of  the  World. 

Visit  the  Valley  early.  The  marvelous  cliffs  and 
domes  and  wonderful  waterfalls  are  viewed  from 
the  floor  of  the  Valley,  or  are  easy  of  nearer  ai> 
proach  by  well-built  trails  constructed  by  the  State. 
Yosemite  is  not  a  jfloomy  chasm,  but  a  lovely 
mountain  park  accessible  in  every  part  and  replete 
with  interesting-  and  beautifhl  objects.  The  Mari- 
posa Grove  of  Big-  Trees  are  visited  en  route  to 
Yosemite.  The  arrove  numbers  upwards  of  four 
hundred  trees,  from  twenty  to  thirty-four  feet  in 
diameter  and  three  hundred  feet  hijrh. 

To  and  from  the  Valley  stop  a  few  days  at 

WAWONA— THE    BEAUTIFUL. 

Probably  no  other  mountain  resort  can  offer  so 
many  and  varied  attractions  as  Wawona.  There  is 
the  hotel  itself,  its  beautiful  surroundinffs,  the  op- 
portunities for  huntiufr  and  fishinsr,  the  walks  and 
drives.  A  vacation  can  be  spent  at  Wawona  Hotel 
with  every  comfort  and  pleasure. 

Any  asrent  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Company 
will  make  reservation  and  jjrive  you  full  particulars, 
or  call  on  or  address 

A.  R.  Penkield,  Passenger  Ag^ent, 
261  South  Sprinjr  St.  Los  Anareles,  Cal. 


MISCELLANEOUS. 


Su(T)/T)er  §uit5 

Ivet  us  remind  you  that  we  are  ready  to  show 
you  not  only  the  larg^est  but  the  most  ex- 
clusively stylish  assortment  that  the  swell 
dressers  of  the  city  eu^er  approved.  Flannel 
suits  that  are  simply  eleg^ant,  half  a  hundred 
styles  and  colors,  stripes,  plain  and  mixed 
effects — some  are  lined,  but  most  unlined. 
Surely  if  you  cannot  be  suited  here,  no  one 
could  suit  you.   We  have  everything"  in  every 

size.  FIvANNEI.  COATS   AND    PANTS. 

$8.50,  $10.00,  $12,00,  $13.50,  $15.00,  $16.00. 

f[\u\\e\)  9  Bluett  Qotl^ir)^  Qo., 

N.  W.  cor.  First  and  Spring-  Sts.,  Los  Ang-eles. 


OIL  LANDS      INVESTMENTS    oil  stocks 

We  give  our  entire  time  to  this  business,  and  offer  you  the  best  advice  reg-arding-  the  different 
oil  investments.    Prompt  attention  to  all  mail  orders. 


R.  Y.  CAMPTON,  234  Laughlin  BIdg.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal, 


Tel.  Bed 
2853 


A  DIFFERENT  CALIFORNIA 

Are  all  your  ideas  of  California  correct  ? 
You  may  not  know,  for  instance,  that  in 
Fresno  and  Kings  Counties,  situate  in  the 
noted  San  Joaquin  Valley,  is  to  be  found 
one  of  the  richest  tracts  of  land  in  the  State. 
60,000  acres  of  the  Lag-tin  a  deTache 
grant  for  sale  at  $30  to  $45  per  acre,  in- 
cluding Free  Water  Kiyrlit,  at  62>^ 
cents  per  acre  annual  rental  (the  cheapest 
water  in  California).  Send  your  name  and 
address,  and  receive  the  local  newspaper 
free  for  two  months,  and  with  our  circulars  added  you  may  learn  some- 
thing of  this  different  California. 

Address  NARES  &  SAUNDERS,  Managers, 

Branch  Office  :  LATON,  FTIESNO  CO.,  CAL. 

1840  Mariposa  St.,  Fresno,  Cal. 

Or  C.  A.  HUBERT,  207  W.  Third  St..  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

TOURIST  INFORMATION  BUREAU,  10  Montgomery  St.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
NARES,  ROBINSON  &  BLACK,  Winnipeg,  Man.,  Canada. 
SAUNDERS,  MUELLER  &  CO.,  Emmelsburg,  Iowa. 
C.  A.  HUBERT,  950  Fifth  St.,  San  Diego,  Cal. 


Mummel  Bros.  &  Co.,  Largest  Employment  Agency.    300  W.  Second  St     Tel.  Main  509 


The  LAiND  of  Sunshine 

(  INCORPORATED  )      CAPITAL  STOCK  150,000 

The  Magazine  of  California  and  the  West 

EDITED  BY  CHAS    F.  LUMMIS 

The  Only  Exclusively  Western  Magazine 


AMONG   THE   STOCKHOLDERvS   AND   CONTRIBUTORS   ARE  : 


DAVID  STARR  JORDAN 

President  of  Stanford  University. 

FREDERICK  STARR 

Chicago  University. 

THEODORE  H.  HiTTEIylv 

The  Historian  of  California. 

MARY  HALLOCK  FOOTE 

Author  of  "  The  Led-Horse  Claim,"  etc. 

MARGARET  COLLIER  GRAHAM 

Author  of  "  Stories  of  the  Foothills." 

GRACE  ELLERY  CHANNING 

Author  of  "  The  Sister  of  a  Saint,"  etc. 

ELLA  HIGGINSON 

Author  of  "A  Forest  Orchid,"  etc. 

JOHN  VANCE  CHENEY 

Author  of  "Thistle  Drift,"  etc. 

CHARLES  WARREN  STODDARD 

The  Poet  of  the  South  Seas. 

INA  COOLBRITH 

Author  of  "  Song-s  from  the  Golden  Gate,"  etc. 

EDWIN  MARKHAM 

Author  of  "The  Man  With  the  Hoe." 

JOAQUIN  MILLER 

The  Poet  of  the  Sierras. 

CHAS.  FREDERICK  HOLDER 

Author  of  "  The  Life  of  Ajrassiz,"  etc. 

CONSTANCE  GODDARD  DU  BOIS 
Author  of  "  The  Shield  of  the  Fleur  de  Lis." 


WM.  E.  SMYTHE 

Author  of  "The  Conquest  of  Arid  America, "etc. 

WILLIAM  KEITH 

The  trreatest  Western  Painter. 

DR.  WASHINGTON  MATTHEWS 

Ex-Pres.  American  Folk-Lore  Society. 
GEO.  PARKER  WINSHIP 

The  Historian  of  Coronado's  Marches. 

FREDERICK  WEBB  HODGE 

of  the  Bureau  of  Ethnolog-y,  Washingrton. 

GEO.  HAMLIN  FITCH 

Literary  Editor  S.  F.  "Chronicle." 

CHARLOTTE  PERKINS  STETSON 

Author  of  "  In  This  Our  World." 
CHAS.  HOWARD  SHINN 

Author  of  "The  Story  of  the  Mine,"  etc. 
T.  S.  VAN  DYKE 

Author  of  "  Rod  and  Gun  in  California,"  etc. 

CHAS.  A.  KEELER 

A  Director  of  the  California  Academy 
of  Sciences. 

LOUISE  M.  KEELER 
ALEX.  F.  HARMER 

L.  MAYNARD  DIXON 

Illustrators. 

ELIZABETH  AND 

JOSEPH  GRINNELL 

Authors  of  "  Our  Feathered  Friends." 

BATTERMAN  LINDSAY, 
CHAS.  DWIGHT  WILLARD 


CONTENTS   FOR  JUNE,  1901: 

The  Modern  Zion,  illustrated,  Ralph  E.  Bicknell 449 

Seriland  and  the  Seri,  illustrated,  W.  J.  McGee 463 

In  Western   Letters,  with  original  portraits  of  Ernest  Seton-Thompson  and 

Gwendolen  Overton 475 

Facsimile  of  Title,  Costans(5'8  Diario 478 

The  Child  Hunters  (story),  Lanier  Bartlett 480 

Early  California  History-  The  Exjjeditions  of  1769.     Translation  of  the  rare 

"  Diario"  of  Miguel  Costanso 485 

The  Last  of  the  "  Stanford  Case  " 497 

In  the  Lion's  Den,  C.  F.  L 500 

That  Which  is  Written,  C.  F.  L 505 

The  20th  Century  West 511 

Railroad  Building  Between  Los  Angeles  and   Salt  Lake  City,   illustrated, 

Chas.  Aniadon  Moody 513 

Copyricrht  1901.    Entered  at  the  Los  Anffeles  Poatoffice  as  second-class  matter. 

8BB  PUBLIBBBR^S  PAOB. 


SUMMER  RESORTS 


^^^•''f^'! 


— ©^-^^^S^ 


Rt   Coronado    Tent    City, 

Coronado     Beacli,     California, 

YOU  WILL  FIND  Fishingr,  Bathingr,  Yachting-,  Rowingr,  Tally-ho,  Golf, 
Tennis,  Cycling",  Dancing-,  "Floating-  Casino,"  Plung-e,  Reading-  Room, 
Merry-Go-Rouud,  Orchestra  and  Brass  Band  Concerts,  Church  and  Sunday 
School  Service,  a  first-class  Restaurant,  Health,  Convenience  and  Economy. 
What  more  could  you  ask. 

SEASON    JUNE    1ST    TO    SEPTEMBER    30TH 

Write  Coronado  Beach  Co..  or  H.  F.  Norcross,  Agent, 

200  S.  Spring:  St.,  Los  Ang-eles,  Cal. 


SUMMER  TOURS 


to  Foreign  Lands 
are  not    half   as  en- 
joyable as  a  day 
spent  at  the 

Ocean 
Beaches 

on  line  of  the 


SALT  LAKE  ROUTE.... 

Mag-nificent  Mountain  and  Marine 
Views  g-reet  the  eye  on  every  side. 
The  climate   is  superb.     The  fish- 
ing-, yachting-,  sea  bathing-,  beach 
driving- and  g-olfing- are  unexcelled. 
No  finer  beaches  are  found  than 

LooQ  BbQcii,  CQiQiino  Qod  TefiniDQi  island 

Information  and  Tickets  may  be 
obtained  of  ag-ents  of  San  Pedro,  LoS 
Angeles,  and  Salt  Lake  R.  R. 

E.  W.  OILLETT,  Gen'l  Pass.  Afft. 
T.  (;.  PECK,  Ass't  Gen'l  Pass.  Ag-f. 
Lios  Angeles,  Cal, 


The  best  investment  is  an  investment  in  com' 
fort.    The  latter  can  be  had  at 

m  Casa  Palma 


^mmmmM 

■SbBb 

1 

MB 

r    « 

T?  A  'TT^c     i  American. . .  .$2.00  to  $3.50 
KAiES  .  -j  ]5^yj.Qpean 75  to  $1.50 


h.  E.  SRACK,  Proprietor. 


Riverside,  Cal 


Lime  weDD'8  GQiiiorniD  oiive  oil  soop 


is  becoming-  celebrated  for  its  healing- properties.    Tourists  send 
10c  for  sample  cake.     Lillie  Webb,  621  S.  Main  St.,  Los  Ang-eles 


^Sl^- 


HOUSEHOLD    FURNISHINGS 


H  SdDflndl  MesiS(D)ini 


Tin  and  Agate  Ware  are  only  pretenders.  They 
are  the  coat  that  covers  Sheet  Iron.  Scratch  or 
break  the  coat  and  the  utensil  is  ruined. 


Aluminum 


is  a  SOLID  metal.  It 
must  be  worn  out  just 
like  solid  copper.  20  years  of  solid  service  can't  put 
holes  in  cast  Aluminum  pans.  A  trial  will  give  you 
solid  satisfaction  and  us  a  solid  customer. 

PITTSBURG  4LIMINIM  COMPANY 
312  S.  Spring  St.  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Ours  Is 
only 

Dccluslve 
Carpet 
House  of 
Los  Angeles 


As 

Specialists 

we  Dest 

understand 

our  line  and 

can  Dest 

meet  your 

requlreoAents 


312-314  5.  Broad wau,  Los  Angeles 


T.  hlLLINOTON  CO..  ProprlcK-TS. 


Hummel  Bros.  &  Co..  "Help  Center."    300  W.  Second  St.        Tel.  Main  509 


HOUSEHOLD  FURNISHINGS 


A      COMFORTABLE       MORRIS      CHAIR 


Of  course  you'll 
want  to  g-et  some 
of  the  new 


Bungalow 
Furniture 


upholstered    in 
fine  Japanese 
matting",  and 
trimmed  in  durable 
leather  gimp. 


We  are  showing 

some  pretty 

new 

Art 
Nouveau 

patterns.  For 
furniture  coverings, 
draperies,  curtains, 

etc.,  nothing  is 
more  popular. 


NILES   PEASE  FURNITURE  CO. 

439,  441,  443  S.  Spring  St.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


A  SOLID-COMFORT  CHAIR 

;j:       For   a    Birthday    Gift    or   for    personal    use,  you    can't  beat  the 
i  i^  y!  MORRIS    CHAIR  for  good    solid    comfort.      We    have    all 

l\  1^:^  v.  styles  in  Mahogany,  Golden  Oak  and  Flemish. 

For  $12.50  we  give  you  a  splendid  chair 
of  Golden  Oak,  hand  polished,  handsomely 
carved  ;  seat  has  nine  springs,  and  there's 
the  improved  safety  ratchet  ;  fitted  with 
good,  thick,  comfortable  velour  cushions. 
Other  Morris  Chairs  with  denim  cushions 
as  low  as  S8.00.  Others  as  high  as  you 
care  to  go. 

225,  227,  229  SOUTH  BROADWAY 


OPPOSITE    CITY    HALL 


John  A.  Smith,  Burnt  Wood  Novelties,  Hardwood  Floors,  Grille-work,  456  S.  Broadway 


HEAT  ECONOMY 


HOT  WATERS 

WITHOUT  COST 

Why  Not  utilize  the  sun's  rays,  which  id 
California  are  unobstructed  for  276  days  of  the 
year? 

"Why  Not  keep  the  interior  of  your  dwell- 
ing-comfortable  by  letting- the  sun  do  the  stove's 
work  on  the  outside? 


Why  Not  save  the  expense  of  fuel  by  having  a    SOLAR    HEATER   on  your 
roof?     It  will  soon  more  than  pay  for  itself.     Convenience,  comfort,  economy. 

A  Climax  Solar  Heater  Does  It  All 

Over  2,000  in   use  in  this  locality,  and   not  one  of  the  users  but  say  that  they 
would  not  again  do  without  one. 

Call  and  examine  for  yourselves,  or  write  for  full  details  to, 

CLIMAX  SOLAR  HEATER  COHPANY 


338    SOUTH     BROADWAY 


LOS  ANGELES,  CALIFORNIA 


DKl'AKTMKNT        B' 


SIBSTANTIAL  REDICTION  IN  THE  PRICE  Of  GAS 

On  July  1st,  1901,  the  price  of  gas  will  be  reduced  from  $1.50  to 
$1.25    PER    THOUSAND    CUBIC    FEET 

In  view  of  the  increased  and  increasing:  cost  of  raw  materials,  it 
is  with  justifiable  pride  that  we  point  to  this  new  rate,  which,  cost 
of  labor  and  materials  considered,  is  positively  the  lowest  gas  rate  in 
any  city   in    the    United    States    today.       It    is    another  mile    post 

ON    OUK    WAY    TO    A 

GAS     RATE     OF     $1.00     PER     THOUSAND     CUBIC     FEET 

and  is  in  the  series  of  jjas  rates  from  $2.50  in  188')  to  $1.25  in  1<)()1. 
In  a  period  of  12  years  a  reduction  in  the  rate  of  SO'/r.  That's  not  a 
bad  record,  is  it? 

We  are  making  service  connections  free,  selling  gas  appliances  at 
absolute  cost  and  on  installments  of  $1.00  per  month,  furnishing 
stove  connections,  meter  and  meter  connections  free,  and  main- 
taining a  free  cooking  school. 

The  gas  range  does  away  with  the  coal  scuttle,  ashes,  black 
pots  and  the  other  ills  of  the  kitchen.  You  can  afford  to  come  the 
balance  of  the  way.  In  fact  it  is  extravagance  of  health  and  money 
to  now  use  anything  but  gas  for  cooking. 

LOS    ANGELES    LIGHTING    CO. 


Humfflel  Bros.  &  Co.,  employment  Agents,  300  W.  Second  St    TeL  Main  509 


MISCELLANEOUS 


5^-^.^)^- 


^="©?S 


.^==^^^ 


MOUNT  LOWE 


LOS  ANSELESahdR^AWHAEUCTRICI 


The    Alpine    Trip    of 
America. 

MT.  LOWE 

Famous  the  world  over  for  the  g^rand- 
eur  and  variety  of  its  scenery,  it  stands 
preeminent  among-  the  attractions  of 
Southern  California.  The  wide  range 
of  views  and  the  varying-  landscape  of 

Mountains,  Valleys  and  Ocean 

is  unsurpassed  on  this  continent.     The 

Echo  Mt.  Chalet  and 
Alpine  Tavern 

furnish  ample  and  first-class  accom- 
modations to  the  tourist.  Rates  are 
reasonable. 

For  full  particulars  regarding  Special 
Excursion  Rates  for  parties,  societies, 
etc.,  call  on  or  address 

H.  F.  Gentry,  Passenger  Agent 
Mt.  Lowe  Ry. 

250  S.  Spring  St.  Tel.  M.  900 


CAMCS  TRICYCLE  CO. 

Manufacturers  and  patentees  of  the  very 
latest  designs  of  Tricycles  for  the  crip- 
pled .    Also  Tricycles  for  those  who  would 


like  the  pleasures  of  cycling  and  do  not 
ride  the  bicycle.  Wheel  chairs  for  inval- 
ids, and  Hospital  Appliances.  Send  for 
illustrated  catalogue. 


EAMES  TRICYCLE  CO. 


2100  Market  St. 
San  Francisco. 


Barker 

LmEn-CnBars  &  Cuffs  J/)^^- 

SACHS    BKOS  &  CO. 
San    Franpigoo    Coast   Agents 


Ramona  Toilet  *So  A  p 


MISCELLANEOUS 


Schell's  Patent  Adjustable  Form 

For  dressmaking. 

It  is  tiresome  to  fit  people 
by  the  usual  methods.  It  Is  a 
pleasure  to  fit  and  carry  out 
the  most  unique  design  by 
means  of  this 
form,  which 
is  made  to 
dupl  icate 
anyone's 
form,  and 
can  be  Inde- 
pendently 
and  minutely 
corrected 
as  the  per- 
son's form 
chang-es. 

Is  made 
to  stand  as 
person  stands,  for- 
ward or  backward, 
consequently  skirts 
will  hang-  and  waists 
fit  with  perfection  and 
comfort.  When  order- 
ing' send  a  perfectly 
fitted  lining  with 
waist-line  marked,  also 
skirt  measures  from 
waist-line  to  floor 
(front,  hips  and  back), 
with  close  fitting  col- 
lar and  sleeves. 

Office,  316  South  Broadway,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Rooms  3  and  4    Phone  James  4441 


NATIONP 
DENTIFRICr 

Best  for  the  Teeth. 

It  cleanses,  preserves,  beautifies 
and  whitens  them,  strengthens  the 
gums  and  sweetens  the  breath. 

Put  up  in  neat  tin  boxes,  it  is  per- 
fect for  the  dressing  table  and  ideal 
for  traveling.  No  powder  to  scatter, 
no  liquid  to  spill  or  to  stain  garments. 

25c  at  all  druggists. 
C.  H.  STRONO  &  CO.,  Proprietors,        •        Chlcafo. 


ANYWHERE    IN    THE    WORLD 


1 


IRRIGATION     PIPE    SYSTEMS 


FIFTEEN    YEARS'    EXPERIENCE 


ARTHUR    S.    BENT 


651  S.  BROADWAY,  LOS  ANGELES 


THE   PRICE 


The  impression  is  erroneous 
that  prices  are  higher  at  an 
American,  raodernly  equipped 
steam  laundry  than  at  the  other  kind.  The  "Chinese  laundry  "  can- 
not compete  in  price  with  the  modern  steam  laundry  except  in  the 
case  of  certain  pieces  of  children's  wear  which  the  American  laundry 
does  not  cater  to.  A  comparison  of  price  lists  will  tell  the  tale.  Then 
what  about  the  all  important  question  of  finish,  systematic  and  re- 
liable business  relations  and  sanitary  advantages  ? 

If  all  else  were  equal,  our  •*  No  5aw-Edge  on  Collars  and  Cuffs*' 
should  turn  the  scale  in  our  favor. 

EMPIRE    LAUNDRY 

Phone  Main  635.     149  S,  Main  St.,  Los  Angeles 


MISCELLANEOUS 


^wtm 


^■^S^U=^'- 


-.=,(S/S^ 


TOURISTS  and  others  g-oingr  Eastward  will  find 
that  a  stop  off  of  a  few  days  at  Salt  I^ake  City 
can  be  most  pleasurably  spent.  "The  Knuts- 
ford"  is  the  only  new  fire-proof  hotel,  for  the 
better  class  of  trade  in  the  city.  Every  place 
of  interest  is  nearby  this  hotel.  Do  not  be  mis- 
led, but  check  your  bag-g-ag-e  direct  to  "The 
Knutsford,"  Salt  L,ake  City. 

N.B.— An  interesting-  illustrated  booklet  on 
"Zion,"  will  be  mailed  to  anyone  addressing- 


^ 


G.  S. 


HOLMES,  Prop., 

Salt  Lake  City 


5( 


This  magnificent  eight-story 
fire-proof  hotel, 

ANGEL  US 

On  the  corner  of  Fourth  and 
Spring  Streets,  LOS  ANGELES, 
CALIFORNIA,  wiU  be  opened 
December  15,  1 90 J,  by 

G.  S.  HOLMES 

Trop,  *' Knutsford''  Hotel 

Sa.li  Lake  City  the  "knutsford,"  salt  uake  city    4^ 

iU 
^ 
Ok 

w 

iU 

m 

I 


m 

iU 

Iff 

w 
m 
w 

Hik 

illk 


ALFALFA  LANDS 

$12.50  PER  ACRE 


With  4-Acre  Feet 


OF  WAT^ER  for  each  acre  of  land.     Nothing-  equals  it.     And  the  source 
of  the  water  is  the  Colorado  River.     This  cannot  be  exhausted.     This 
location  is  100  miles  east  of  San  Dieg-o,  in  San  Diego  County.     Land 
is  perfectly  level  and  very  rich.     Grows  all  fruits  except  citrus. 
100,000  acres  sold  last  year.     We  have  100,000  acres — going-  fast. 


SUNSET  COMMERCIAL  CO 

4t0-4tt  Bradbury  Block 


LOS  ANGELES,  CALIFORNIA 


^^^aw—  INVESTMENTS 


MINING  IN  THE  MOCTEZUMA  DISTRICT,  S0N0R4,  MEXICO. 

An  unusual  amount  of  attention  is  drawn  now  to  the  mines  of  Old  Mexico, 
especially  in  the  State  of  Chihuahua,  Sinoloa  and  Sonora.  In  the  latter  State, 
since  early  last  winter,  mining  engineers  representing-  David  H.  Moifatt  and 
many  other  noted  mining  men  of  the  United  States  and  of  Europe  have  been 
actively  prospecting. 

Among  the  very  numerous  rich  mining  districts  of  Sonora  is  the  Moctezuma 
district,  the  principal  town  of  which  is  Moctezuma,  formerly  named  Oposura, 
which  is  100  miles  below  Bisbee,  Arizona.  Phelps,  Dodge  &  Co.  have  constructed 
and  ill  operation  65  miles  of  railroad  beginning  at  Naco,  passing  through 
Fronteras,  and  now  beyond  Placeretas.  There  are  35  miles  to  build  to  their 
smelter  at  Moctezuma,  which  reduces  the  ore  of  their  great  copper  mine,  Pelares. 
The  company  also  owns  the  Belle  Union,  but  the  Sonora  Development 
Company  owns  the  Copper  Queen,  De  Uacozari  lying  between  and  on  the  same 
ledge  as  the  Pelares  and  the  Belle  Union. 

A  great  French  syndicate,  headed  by  a  Count  who  is  married  to  the  sister  of 
Mrs.  Perry  Belmont,  has  purchased  a  mine  which  continues  on  the  lode,  passing 
through  Pelares,  the  Copper  Queen,  De  Uacozari  and  the  Belle  Union.  There 
is  a  great  mine  called  the  Lampasas,  formerly  owned  by  a  Kansas  City  syndicate, 
but  it  failed,  and  the  mines  reverted  to  the  Mexican  Government,  when  some 
Mexican  capitalists  skilled  in  mining  took  it  up,  and  it  now  pays  $500,000  divi- 
dends annually. 

The  Sonora  Development  Company  owns  the  Don  Uenaro  and  the  famous 
Mina  Blanca  mine.  The  surface  of  the  claims  comprising  these  mines  are 
covered  with  old  workings,  and  it  would  cost  $200,000  in  gold  to  do  the  work 
already  done  in  Don  Genaro.  A  tunnel  was  run  under  the  old  workings  and  large 
bodies  of  ore  encountered  in  Don  Genaro  that  assays  33  ounces  silver,  $40  gold, 
and  38  per  cent,  copper. 

In  Mina  Blanca  the  tunnel  reached  vast  bodies  of  ore  that  run  from  145  ounces 
to  540  ounces  to  the  ton  in  silver. 

The  San  Marguerita  mine  in  the  vicinity  has  recently  been  purchased  by 
Phelps,  Dodge  &  Co.  These  properties  join  the  Don  Genaro  belonging  to  the 
Sonora  Development  Company. 

All  the  mines  in  the  section  are  bonanzas. 

Dan  McFarland  of  Los  Angeles  has  recentlj-  purchased  a  mine  joining  the  Don 
Genar J,  and  is  going  to  develop  it  in  a  scientific  manner. 

STOCKS   AND    BONDS. 

Treasury  Stock  for  Sale  in  the  Sonora  Development  Co. 
Chas.  W.  Goodlander,  president.      President  Citizens  National  Bank,  Ft.  Scott,  Kan.) 
VVm.  A.  Rule,  treasurer.     'Cashier  National  Bank  of  Commerce,  Kansas  City,  Mo.l 
J.  W.  A  merman,  secretary. 
James  E.  Lawrence,  mining-  ensrineer. 
<ie<>.  F.  Woodward,  jfeneral  manajfer. 
The  latest  from  the  mines  are  the  followinjr  telejrrams: 

Moctezuma  (Sonora,  Mex.),  June  2,  1901. 
Lawrence  from  mine  Don  Genaro.     Assays  38  per  cent  copper,  33  ounces  silver;  Don  Genaro 
Annex  mine  adjoininif  assays  145  ounces  silver,  assorted  ore  540  ounces. 

LSig-nedl  Geo.  F.  Woodward, 

General  Manag-er. 
Moctezuma  (Sonora,  Mex.i,  June  4, 1901. 
Ore  in  new  tunnel  under  old  workings  assays  32  ounces  silver,  $40  gold  and  38  ounces  copi>er  ; 
other  old  works  18  per  cent  copper. 

The  Don  Genaro  Annex  mine  also  very  rich. 

ISitf-nedl  James  E.  Lawrence, 

Mining-  Eng-ineer. 
Extract  from  letter  confirming' telegrams. 
....     In  relation  to  the  strike  in  the  tunnel,  in  a  letter  from   Mr.  James  E.  Lawrence,  our 
mining  engineer,  of  date  June  5th,  he  confirms  his  teleg-ram  and  writes  as  follows: 

**  Everything  is  going  along  all  right  here.  I  was  at  Don  Genaro  mine  last  week  and  broug-ht 
back  with  me  a  large  quantity  of  ore  samples  from  the  new  tunnel  and  our  old  working's,  and  my 
assays  of  them  are  as  follows:  From  the  new  tunnel  the  averag-e  is  38  per  cent,  copper,  $40.00  in 
B'old,  and  3252  ounces  of  silver;  from  the  other  old  workings,  copper  20  per  cent  carrying-  silver  and 
gold;  and  the  average  assays  for  Mina  Blanca,  now  called  Don  Genaro  Annex,  are  very  rich, 
running  from  200  to  400  ounces  of  silver  and  high  in  lead.  Our  development  of  Mina  Blanca  will 
proceed  rapidly,  and  Don  Genaro,  Goodlander  and  Mina  Blanca,  consisting- of  over  200  acres,  and 
being  really  one  mine,  is  something  enormous  in  the  value  of  the  ores  already  brought  to  light,  and 
filling  the  nmuntain  as  we  dig  on  its  sides.    Yours,  very  truly, 

(Signed!  "  J.  W.  Amkrman,  Sec'ry." 

The  par  value  of  shares  is  $100,  which  we  are  selling  at  $75.  or  in  ten  monthly  installments  of 
17.50  each.  Grayhill  Brokerage  Co., 

407  Laughlin  Bldg^.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
Reference,  by  permission,  the  Farmers  and  Merchants  Bank. 
Tel.  James  3'»7l. 


VOL.  14,  NO.  6.  LOS    ANGELES 


JUNE.  1901 


The  Modern  Zion. 


BY    RALPH    E.     BICKNELL. 


^N  1827  Joseph  Smith  took  out  a  franchise 
for  the  construction  of  a  brand-new  route 
to  Paradise,  and,  inventing-  or  otherwise 
producing-,  the  Book  of  Mormon,  started 
the  strang-est  religious  and  social  phe- 
nomenon of  the  nineteenth  century.  Or- 
thodox Mormonism  sa3S  that  Smith,  under 
the  divine  g-uidance  of  the  Ang-el  Maroni, 
discovered  near  Manchester,  Ontario  County,  New  York, 
two  golden  plates  eng-raved  in  unknown  characters ;  that 
Smith,  aided  by  miraculous  spectacles  found  with  the 
plates,  was  able  to  understand  the  cryptog-ram  and  to 
translate  into  Kng-lish  what  proved  to  be  the  sacred  his- 
tory, as  inscribed  by  their  prophet  Mormon,  of  a  branch  of 
the  Israelitish  people,  the  Nephites  and  the  Lamanites,  who 
had  inhabited  the  American  continent  at  a  pre-historic 
date.  The  result  was  the  Book  of  Mormon.  In  a  room  of 
the  Smith  farmhouse  in  1830,  Joseph  Smith  and  five  others 
org-anized  the  Church  of  Jesus  Christ  of  Latter  Day  Saints. 
The  tiding-s  being-  spread  abroad  that  a  new  dispensa- 
tion had  been  proclaimed  of  God  throug-h  his  prophet 
Joseph,  converts  multiplied.  Other  creeds,  however,  evinc- 
ing- bitter  and  relentless  enmity,  the  leading-  men  of  the 
newly  founded  church,  leaving-  an  Eastern  base  at  Kirt- 
land,  Ohio,  traveled  to  Missouri,  where  in  the  wilderness 
they  hoped  to  be  undisturbed  in  laying  the  foundations  for 
the  New  Jerusalem.  With  the  zeal  peculiar  to  a  new  faith, 
its  missionaries  all  over  the  countrj^  were  at  work.  Mean- 
while, the  looked-for  peace  was   not  secured  in  Missouri ; 


Copyright  1901  by  Land  of  Sunshine  Pub.  Co. 


450  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

harrassed  by  continual  opposition  culminating-  in  civil  war 
and  the  violent  subversion  of  Mormon  rights,  the  expul- 
sion of  the  Saints  from  Missouri  was  accomplished  in  1840. 
A  townsite  in  the  western  part  of  Illinois,  on  the  Missis- 
sippi river,  offered  by  the  people  of  that  State,  was  ac- 
cepted and  named  Nauvoo,  and  the  Saints  set  about  the 
re-location  of  their  Jerusalem.  But  New  Jerusalems  some- 
how were  not  popular  with  the  g-entiles,  nor  were  the 
religious  pretensions  of  Joseph  Smith.  In  1844  the  founder 
of  Mormonism  was  shamefull^v  murdered  at  Carthag-e,  Mis- 
souri, and  Brigham  Young-  was  elected  to  the  presidency 
of  the  church.  After  two  years  more  of  wrang-ling-  with 
the  State  authorities,  notice  was  served  on  the  Mormon 
organization  that  it  must  leave  Illinois.  An  army  of 
pseudo-militia  enforced  the  decree.  The  injustice  of  this 
proceeding,  compelling  the  Mormons  to  sell  their  homes 
and  their  goods  at  whatever  price  the  gentiles  were  willing- 
to  pay,  reduced  them  from  a  prosperous  community  of 
20,000  people  to  a  band  of  impoverished  wanderers.  The 
great  exodus  to  Utah  began  in  September  of  '46,  with  the 
hardships  of  winter  just  approaching-,  and  the  vanguard, 
headed  by  Brig-ham  Young,  entered  the  valley  of  the  Great 
Salt  Lake  in  July  of  1847. 

This  is  brief  church  history.  That  Joseph's  family  were 
ignorant  people  of  the  backwoods  ;  that  Joseph  himself, 
previous  to  his  bonanza  strike  of  the  golden  plates,  had 
been  a  mere  country  nobody,  should  not  prevent  the  fair 
consideration  of  a  sect  that  has  outlived  him.  Joseph  was 
not  a  charlatan,  if  he  was,  as  we  see  it,  a  fanatic.  Whether 
or  not  Smith  himself  believed  in  his  assumptions  of  divine 
instruction  is  a  matter  of  opinion.  Modern  Catholicism  is 
not  judged  by  the  Inquisition  ;  modern  Protestantism  is 
not  the  bigotry  that  burned  "witches"  to  the  plaudits  of 
Salem  Puritans ;  and  modern  Mormonism  is  not  to  be  tried 
by  the  shortcomings  of  its  pioneers. 

There  are  two  things  to  be  asked  of  a  relig-ion — what  it 
has  done,  and  what  it  believes.  The  pity  is  that  the  first 
is  asked  last  and  the  last  first ;  and  it  is  not  less  true  than 
it  is  deplorable,  that  let  religion  enter  the  discussion,  and 
prejudice  and  abuse,  like  Banquo's  ghost,  upset  the  feast  of 
reason.  « 

As  regards  the  Mormon  question,  the  American  people 
should  be  blissful  to  the  limit,  if  ignorance  is  bliss — which 
it  is  not.  Everything,  nearly,  that  has  been  written  on 
Mormonism  has  been  from  partisan  bias,  on  one  side  or  the 
other,  and  aimed  apparently  not  at  impartiality,  but  at  the 
most  original  vituperation. 

Benevolent  reformers,   who  have   found  more  agreeable 


MODERN    ZION. 


451 


working-  in  Utah  than  among-  the  saloons  and  hell-holes  of 
the  New  York  "  Tenderloin,"  have  approached  the  enemy's 
camp  from  an  entireh^  wrong-  direction — namely,  on  the 
side  of  relig-ion  and  morality.  The  relig-ion  of  the  Latter 
Day  Saints  is  nobody's  business — if  the  Constitution  ex- 
tends to  Utah — and  their  moralit}^,  the  irresponsible  testi- 
mony of  their  revilers  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding, 
was  at  least  as  hig-h  as  that  of  the  g-entiles  who  cast  them 
out. 

Polyg-amy,   come  to  be   thoug-ht  of  as  synon)"mous  with 
Mormonism,  was  not  taug-ht  at  the  beg-inning-.     It  was  the 


Eagle  Gate  (Originally  a  Toll-Gate  to  City  Ckeek  Canon  Roadj 


result  of  the  last  "revelation"  of  Joseph  Smith,  during- 
the  residence  in  Nauvoo  in  1843,  and  was  not  openly  pro- 
claimed a  tenet  of  the  Mormon  Church  until  the  Saints 
were  safelj^  settled  in  the  fastnesses  of  Utah.  In  that  it 
bound  them  tog-ether  still  more  firmly  as  a  peculiar  people, 
polyg-amy  added  streng-th  to  the  Mormon  orgfanization ;  in 
that  it  sacrificed,  if  not  the  support,  at  least  the  neutrality, 
of  all  intelligfent  people,  it  was  Brig-ham  Young's  one 
monumental  mistake.  Polyg-amy  as  an  institution  is  a  re- 
turn to  the  barbarism  of  the  Hebrew  patriarchs.  It  is  im- 
moral not  because  it  is  worse  than  sexual  conditions  in  New 
York  and  Chicag-o  ;  it  is  better.     It  is   immoral  because  it 


MODERN    ZION. 


453 


degrades  the  home  to  a  harem  and  womanhood  to  inferi- 
ority. But  as  regards  the  alleged  servility  of  Mormon 
women,  it  is  interesting  to  know  that  in  1870  equal  suffrage 
was  g"ranted  the  women  of  Utah  by  the  territorial  legisla- 
ture, and  though  the  act  was  made  little  use  of,  it  was  the 
first  American  acknowledgment  of  women's  political 
rights.  Polygamy  is  a  past  issue.  The  Mormon  Church 
believes  as  thoroughly  as  it  ever  did  that  polygamy,  sanc- 
tioned by  the  Old  Testament,  is  a  divine  institution. 
Having  sworn  to  obey  the  laws  of  the  United  States,  it  re- 
nounces a  marriage  relation  so  shocking-  to  people  who  go 


1 W                     t*            |p*K.//    i?> 

r  ■ 

^ 

"Lion"  and  "Bee-Hive"  Houses  (Formerly  the  Home  of  Bkigham 
Young's  Family,  Now  Head  Offices  of^  the  Mokmon  Church). 


to  church  every  Sunday  and  accept  without  a  murmur  the 
harems  of  Abraham,  David,  and  Solomon.  There  is  some 
polygfamy  still  in  Utah,  because,  after  having-  served  his 
sentence,  a  man  cannot  be  constrained  from  living  with  the 
wives  he  already  had,  providing  he  marries  no  more.  The 
late  notorious  Roberts  case  has  forever  settled  this  long 
mooted  question.  It  has  brought  grudg"ing  conviction  to 
the  most  reluctant  that  plural  marriage  will  not  be  tol- 
erated. 

The  religion  of  the  Latter  Day  Saints  is  simply  the 
literal  acceptation  of  the  Bible,  together  with  the  Book  of 
Mormon  and  the  pretended  revelations  of  Joseph  Smith, 
which  supplement  the  Hebrew  scriptures  without  apparent 


MODERN    ZION. 


455 


conflict.  Mormonism  is  the  working-  out  to  their  logical, 
literal  conclusions  of  the  precepts  of  the  Old  Testament. 
This  rule  of  conduct,  however  incompatible  with  modern 
civilization,  is  no  one's  affair  until  it  antagonizes  the  laws 
of  the  United  States. 

The  ver}^  spirit  of  the  Mormon  church  is  collectiv- 
ism ;  not  onl}^  in  spiritual  affairs  has  the  church  de- 
manded dictatorship,  but  in  worldly  matters  as  well. 
In  the  days  of  Brigham  Young  the  Saints  voted  im- 
plicith'  as  he  advised — v^oted  as  a  unit — and  the  gentiles 
in  Salt  Lake  City,  thus  hopelessly  outnumbered  against  the 
unbroken  ballot  of  the  Mormons,  became  a  minority  totally 


The  Main  Street  of  Salt  Lake  City, 


without  political  influence.  In  their  clannishness  in  busi- 
ness affairs  and  their  domination  in  politics  consists  the 
one  danger  of  Mormonism,  for  the  very  keystone  of  the 
Republic  is  the  separation  of  Church  and  State.  Since 
Utah  added  the  last  star  to  ''Old  Glory"  in  '96,  the  Mor- 
mons have  divided  quite  equally'  between  the  two  great 
parties. 

Apart  from  all  consideration  of  its  sincerity  or  righteous- 
ness, the  story  of  the  Mormon  organization — beginning 
among  uneducated  farmers,  multiplying  against  persecu- 
tion the  most  bitter  since  that  of  the  Jews,  driven  from 
city  to  city  with  indignity  and  outrage,  accomplishing 
without  money  a  journey  of  1500  miles  across  pathless 
prairie  and  mountains,    transforming  aridity  into   fertility 


MODERN    ZION.  457 

and  a  wilderness  into  townships — is  a  modern  miracle  of 
the  possibilities  of  co-operation,  when  principles  and  pur- 
pose are  united.  It  is  not  to  be  disputed  that  the  mass  of 
Mormon  converts  have  been  from  ig-norant  people;  few  prose- 
lytes have  been  made  from  among-  the  educated.  Mormon- 
ism's  g-reatest  recruiting-  stations  in  the  earl}^  da}  s  were 
the  poverty  stricken,  and  constrained  factor}^  towns  of 
Eng-land.  To  such  classes  the  Mormon  missionaries  prom- 
ised not  only  a  heaven  in  the  future,  but  an  actual 
home  in  the  present — promised  cheap  transportation  to 
Utah,  with  free  land  and  church  aid  when  it  was  reached. 
The  Mormon  church  has  not  been  built  on  doctrinal  asser- 
tion ;  it  has  g^rown  through  the  material  improvement  and 
protection  it  has  offered  to  its  members.  Scoffers  at  the 
relig-ion  of  Brig-ham  Young  may  profitably  ponder  this 
point. 

But  if  the  new  Mormon  settlements  lacked  for  books, 
they  did  not  lack  for  brains.  The  diversity  of  skilled 
artisans  included  in  the  pioneers  of  Salt  Lake  City  was  its 
best  assurance  of  success  A  traveler  in  1856  said  that  "from 
the  shoeing  of  a  horse  to  the  most  delicate  watch  repairing, 
anything  can  be  done  in  Salt  Lake  City."  It  was  just 
such  converts  that  the  church  wanted.  Over  this  strangely 
gathered  population  Brigham  Young  obtained  an  ascend- 
ancy unparalleled.  He  held  their  respect  as  temporal  ruler 
and  their  reverence  as  a  God-given  leader,  and  his  genius, 
backed  by  his  authority  in  organization,  accomplished 
wonderful  things.  Brigham  doubtless  was  a  very  worldl}^ 
prophet,  but  he  was  an  extraordinary  man,  whose  career 
will  probably  never  be  duplicated. 

It  is  a  far  cry  from  a  log  fort  in  the  midst  of  a  sage- 
brush desert  to  the  Salt  Lake  City  of  today,  the  modern 
Zion,  set  in  one  of  the  world's  most  beautiful  valle3^s,  with 
the  Jordan  flowing  by  its  side,  with  the  snow-capped  Wah- 
satch  a  barrier  to  the  north,  the  verdant  Oquirrh  purple  to 
the  south,  and  at  the  west  the  shimmering,  silent  waters 
of  the  great  Dead  Sea.  Take  down  your  dusty  atlas  and 
compare  the  geography  of  the  Promised  Land  of  Utah  with 
the  Holy  Land  of  Palestine — the  similarity  is  not  fanciful. 
Here  is  indeed  a  promised  land — a  valley  lovely  in  its  fer- 
tility ;  a  city  rich  in  its  present,  great  in  its  future.  The 
same  religious  sect  that  built  the  log  fort  in  '47  has  done 
this.  There  are  60,000  people  in  Salt  Lake  City  ;  in  Utah, 
300,000.  In  Salt  Lake  City  the  Mormons  are  about  65  per 
cent.,  in  Utah  about  75  per  cent. 

There  is  a  glamour  of  mystery,  of  romance — if  you  will, 
of  gilded  law  breaking — about  Salt  Lake  City  that  disap- 
pears at  close  range.     Some  ignorant  prejudices,  perhaps. 


458 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


will  also  disappear.  The  tourist — that  g-uileless  indi- 
vidual— if  he  g"ets  beyond  the  disreputable  railroad  depot, 
will  find  hotels  in  Salt  Lake  Cit}',  will  find  electric  cars,  a 
postoffice  ;  will  find  schools,  churches,  theaters ;  will  find 
business  being-  conducted  b}^  Mormon  and  gentile  side  by 
side  ;  will  find  a  higfh  tone  of  society  and  morals — or,  every 
one  to  his  taste,  a  tone  in  the  octave  sub  contra.  He  will  not 
be  held  up  by  Mormon  bandits,  save  the  restaurant  keeper 
and  the  laundry  man,  and  he  will  not  be  opportuned  to  take 
unto  himself  another  wife.  He  will  conclude,  in  short, 
that  there  is  not  much  difference  between  these  Utah 
*'Saints"  and  other  saints  and  sinners  he  has  known,  and 
further,  that  this  Mormon  capital,  albeit  he  is  loath  to 
admit  it,  quite  surpasses  the  city  of  60,000  people  that  he 
hailed  from  "in  the  East." 

Of  paramount  interest,  of  course,  are  the  famous  build- 
ings of  the  Mormon  church  contained  in  Temple  Square. 
They  are  justly  famous.  The  Temple,  begun  in  1853  and 
completed  in  1894,  is,  with  the  single  exception  of  St. 
Patrick's  Cathedral  in  New  York,  the  most  expensive 
ecclesiastical  edifice  in  this  country,  costing  over  six  mil- 
lions. The  gentile  may  gaze  with  admiration  on  its  mas- 
sive gray  granite  walls  and  towers,  but  his  imagination 
must  fill  in  the  rest — as  it  generally  does,  with  varying 
results.  The  threshold  to  the  magnificent  interior  may  be 
crossed  only  by  the  most  faithful  of  the  Saints,  high  in  the 
standing  of  the  church. 


■■BgHHMBHMBHHBMaaK;                      ,^|Mhhmhhm|| 

u 

Intkkiok  ok  the  Tahkknaci.k,  Showinh;  the  Great  Organ. 


MODERN    ZION. 


459 


Cextek  of  Saltaik  Pavilion,  Built  on  Piling  One-Half  Mile 
INTO  Great  Salt  Lake. 


The  Tabernacle,  while  distinctl}^  not  a  thing-  of  beaut3% 
is  the  most  wonderful  building  in  America  on  three  counts: 
its  shape,  which  resembles  a  monstrous  turtle-back  a  hun- 
dred feet  high  ;  its  size,  a  seating-  capacit}^  for  12,000 
people  ;  its  acoustic  properties,  which  carry  a  speaker's 
voice  to  its  remotest  part.  This  unique  architectural  tri- 
umph was  finished  by  Mormon  workers  in  1870.  The 
Tabernacle  organ,  also  testimony  of  Mormon  genius,  is 
one  of  the  largest  in  the  world.  It  has  no  less  than  2,600 
pipes,  some  as  big  as  the  smokestack  of  a  Mississippi 
steamboat.  Tiered  about  the  organ  sits  a  choir  of  500 
voices.  Go  to  the  Tabernacle  some  Sunday  afternoon, 
when  the  Saints  convene  for  their  weekly  worship,  and, 
between  the  earnest  sermons  of  church  dignitaries,  listen 
to  the  music  of  the  great  organ  and  the  choir.  Can  these 
be  the  horse-thieves,  murderers,  adulterers  that  you  have 
read  about  ?  This  stirring  symphon)^ — is  it  produced  b}^ 
religious  humbugs  and  civic  outlaws  ?  Soon  after  the  ter- 
rible coal  mine  disaster  at  Schofield  in  1900,  the  musicians 
of  Salt  Lake  City  combined  in  a  memorable  concert  at  the 
Tabernacle  for  the  benefit  of  the  sufferers.  It  was  a  ser- 
mon in  sound.  Not  another  city  in  the  Union,  of  Salt 
Lake's  size,  could  have  equaled  it  in  musical  excellence. 

The  leaven  of  evolution  is  in  Mormonism  as  in  all  other 
creeds.  The  saints  are  broadening  out  from  their  own 
little  world   into  the  larger  world  ;  are  coming  to  under- 


MODERN    ZICN. 


461 


stand  that  there  is  knowledg"e  to  be  soug-ht  outside  the 
Bible  and  the  Book  of  Mormon.  Mormons  are  nothin^i>-  if 
not  consistent,  yet  this  very  consistenc}^  has  brought  their 
education  into  reproach.  Your  learned  orthodox  professor 
may  on  Sunday  subscribe  '  to  the  stor}^  of  fig--leaved  an- 
cestors, of  a  sun  that  stood  still,  of  a  Red  Sea  that,  like  the 
professor's  hair,  parted  in  the  middle.  When  he  enters  his 
class-room  next  morning,  he  expounds  the  dictum  of  science 
and  common  sense  ;  otherwise  he  loses  his  job.  The  Mor- 
mon pedagogue,  on  the  contrary,  has  in  times  past  taught 
the  same  thing   in  school  that  he  professed  to  believe  in 


"Amklia  Palace,"  Built  by  Brigham  Young  for  His  Favorite  Wife. 


church — and  Utah's  public  education  has  to  thank  the  gen- 
tiles for  its  redemption.  Utah  schools  of  the  present  effi- 
ciently do  their  work. 

A  daily  paper  is  an  official  organ  of  the  Mormon  church 
— the  Deseret  Kvening  News — a  well  edited  sheet,  fully  the 
equal  of  its  two  Salt  Lake  contemporaries.  Deseret,  by 
the  way,  is  a  word  that  often  puzzles  Utah  tourists.  It 
means  "  honey-bee,"  and  is  found  in  the  Book  of  Ether  of 
the  Book  of  Mormon.  As  signifying  thrift  and  industry, 
the  cardinal  Mormon  characteristics,  it  has  been  much 
used  by  them.  Indeed  the  provisional  government  organ- 
ized previous  to  Utah's  admission  as  a  territory  was  called 
the  "State  of  Deseret." 


462  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

The  railroad  reaching-  from  the  cit)^  to  the  Great  Salt 
Lake  is  a  business  investment  of  the  Mormon  Church,  as 
is  also  the  famous  Saltair  Pavilion,  built  on  piling-  a  half 
mile  into  the  lake.  The  Great  Salt  Lake  shares  with  the 
Mormons  the  traveler's  interest  in  Utah — and  is  as  little 
understood.  An  inland  sea,  set  in  a  mountain-rimmed 
basin  4,000  feet  above  the  ocean ;  a  hundred  miles  long  and 
thirty  wide  ;  of  an  average  depth  of  only  20  feet  and  a 
maximum  of  60  ;  18  per  cent,  of  solids  as  against  23  per 
cent,  in  the  Asiatic  Dead  Sea  and  3.5  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean 
— so  much  is  known.  The  sluggish,  pale  green  waters,  in 
which  no  living  thing  exists,  tell  not  the  unknown  secrets 
of  the  centuries.  Once  the  great  Salt  Lake  was  fresh — as 
large  as  Lake  Huron,  as  plainly-marked  water  lines  on  the 
surrounding  mountains  indicate — and  where  stands  the 
temple  now  the  waters  then  were  850  feet  deep.  The  com- 
mercial value  of  the  salt  that  this  wonderful  lake  contains 
is  astounding  to  calculate  ;  a  salt  refinery  already  in  opera- 
tion produces  the  finest  kind  of  the  table  article.  Bathing- 
in  the  Great  Salt- Lake  is  a  novelty  and  a  delight.  To 
sink  is  impossible,  for  the  body  is  like  a  cork  in  the  singu- 
lar water.  Suicides,  however,  need  not  despair,  for  so 
deadly  saline  is  the  water  that  a  few  swallows  will  suffice. 

The  dancing  floor  in  minaretted  Saltair  Pavilion  is  the 
largest  in  America.  Here,  from  cradle  time  to  crutches, 
the  people  of  "  Zion"  dance.  Generous  patrons  of  all 
amusements  (which,  among  the  orthodox,  are  invariably 
preceded  by  prayer),  dancing  is  the  great  Mormon  pastime. 

The  Mormon  settlers  of  Utah  were  the  pioneers  in  the 
reclamation  of  arid  America.  The  July  day  in  '47,  when 
Brigham  Young  diverted  the  waters  of  City  Creek  to  wet 
the  parched,  unpromising  alkali  soil  of  Salt  Lake  Valley, 
risking  his  last  bushel  of  potatoes  on  the  experiment,  was 
momentous  in  possibilities  for  the  West  and  for  the  nation. 
It  was  the  first  effort  by  Anglo-Saxons  to  provide  a  substi- 
tute in  the  absence  of  natural  rainfall.  Thus  it  was  that 
necessity  became  the  mother  of  a  civilization  that  sprang 
into  being  with  a  thousand  miles  of  wilderness  on  every 
side.  Irrigatiorl  and  intelligent  cooperation — each  futile 
without  the  other — are  the  enduring  foundations  of  Mor- 
mon success.  It  remained  for  Utah  first  to  prove  the  prac- 
ticability of  associative  enterprise.  To  generations  of 
future  Americans  destined  to  cope  with  many  clamorous 
social  problems  of  the  present,  this  will  grow  to  a  classic 
distinction.  The  solution  of  the  national  question  of 
''surplus  lands  and  surplus  people"  is  the  contribution  of 
the  Mormon  Commonwealth  to  American  history. 


463 


The  Wildest  of  Our  Tribes. 

SERILAND    AND    THE    SERI 

BY   W.  J     MCGEE  * 
[CONCI.UDED.] 

Y^HYSICALLY  the  Seri  are  cast  in  heroic 
i  mold.  The  mean  adult  stature  is  6  feet 
for  males  and  5  feet  8/4  inches  for  females; 
i.e.,  with  the  possible  exception  of  one  or 
two  Patag-onian  peoples,  the  Seri  are  the 
tallest  aborigines  of  America.  The  in- 
dividuals are  slow  in  reaching-  maturity, 
if  indeed  their  g-rowth  does  not  continue 
throughout  life,  as  among-'Jower  orders  ; 
and  the  industrial  and  social  and  fidu- 
cial responsibilities  increase  with  5^ears 
to  the  extent  that  the  aged  are  the  more 
active  as  well  as  the  larger  and  stronger. 
Both  sexes  are  notable  for  robustitude 
of  chest  and  slenderness  of  limb,  though 
the  extremities  are  large;  the  skin  color  is  dark,  with 
a  definite  tone  of  black  ;  the  features  are  regular,  the  lower 
face  far  from  prognathic,  the  head  shapely  and  rather 
small — indeed,  the  tribe  abounds  in  models  of  phj^sical  per- 
fection, and  few  members  (at  least  of  middle  age  or 
younger)  fall  far  below  the  highest  standards.  Naturally 
the  splendid  physical  condition  reflects  a  superb  physical 
faculty  maintainable  only  by  stressful  exercise  ;  indeed,  the 
mighty  warriors  and  lusty  Amazons  reveal  several  striking 
factors  in  vital  development  by  which  exercise  and  faculty 
and  condition  may  be  correlated.  So  the  great  chests  and 
huge  haunches  of  the  Seri  bear  witness  to  their  own  naive 
descriptions  of  the  chase,  in  which  three  or  five  striplings 
partly  surround  and  partl}^  run  down  jackrabbits,  and  five 
hunters  habitually  capture  deer  in  similar  fashion  ;  and 
these  recitals  are  corroborated  in  turn  by  dozens  of 
vaqueros  who  have  seen  small  bands  spring  on  the 
withers  of  full-grown  horses,  break  their  necks  b}^  jaguar- 
like twists,  rend  them  into  quarters  with  teeth  and  nails, 
and  then  shoulder  these  and  flee  over  the  sandwastes  so 
swiftly  as  to  escape  pursuing  horsemen.  The  Seri  in- 
habit a  region  of  hunters,  yet  they  are  so  far  the 
fleetest  of  all  and  so  distinguished  by  a  peculiar  "col- 
lected" or  up-stepping  gait  (like  that  of  a  thoroughbred 
racer  or  prowling  coyote)  as  to  have  gained  their  tribal 
sobriquet — they  are  "spry"  par  excellence,  even  among  the 
light-footed  Tarahumari  and  Otomi  and  Papago. 

*  Ethtiolog-ist  in  charg-e  Bureau  of    American  Ethnolog-y,  Washing-ton,   D.   C; 
President  the  Anthropolog-ical  Society, 


464 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


In  their  own  view,  the  glor}^  of 
the  Seri  tribe  is  in  their  hair  ;  it 
is  black  and  luxuriant,  and  is 
worn  long-  by  both  sexes,  who 
brush  and  cultivate  it  with  tire- 
less assiduity  ;  it  is  not  merely 
admired,  but  revered  nearly  or 
quite  unto  worship  and  inter- 
woven with  faith  irx  a  Samsonian 
cult  which  throws  light  on  many 
obscure  customs  of  various 
peoples  in  the  several  stages  of 
culture.  The  tresses  are  treas- 
ured as  symbols  of  vigor  and  fe- 
cundity, ;  the  combings  are  kept 
scrupulously,  smoothed  and  twist- 
ed into  slender  strands,  wound 
on  skewers,  and  eventually 
worked  into  necklaces  and  belts  ; 
indeed,  the  locks  symbolize  shield 
as  well  as  strength,  even  to  the 
engendering  of  ideas  of  apparel- 
ing along  those  lines  of  associa- 
tive and  emblematic  development 
by  which  the  primitive  mind  is 
swayed.  The  customary  apparel 
(which  is  not  to  be  confounded 
with  the  harlequin  rags  imposed 
by  Caucasian  prudery  on  the 
boundary)  is  simple  enough  to  re- 
flect first  principles ;  the  more 
characteristic  garment  is  a  long- 
sleeved  wammus  just  covering  the  thorax,  formerly  of 
plant  fibre  rudely  interwoven  with  hair,  latterly  of  any 
bartered  or  stolen  textile  supplemented  with  the 
emblematic  necklet  from  the  head  of  the  wearer  or 
store  of  the  clanmother ;  the  garment  still  serving 
on  occasion  as  traveling-bag  or  pack-sheet,  or  fulfill- 
ing the  multifarious  other  functions  of  ill-differentiated 
devices.  The  other  garment  is  a  kilt,  normally  of  two  or 
more  pelican  pelts  attached  with  sinew  ;  this  is  c/e  7'if^ucur^ 
though  reducible  to  small  remnants  ;  yet  it  grades  into  the 
more  luxurious  robe  of  four,  six,  or  .eight  pelican  pelts, 
which  serves  for  mantle,  mackintosh,  tent,  and  bed,  as 
needs  arise.  Headdresses — beyond  those  of  nature— are 
conspicuously  absent,  save  in  shamanistic  ceremonies,  when 
animal  heads  are  worn  as  masks  or  mystic  emblems  ;  and 
the  habitually  uncovered  feet  have  actjuired  through  excr- 


Luis 


Skri. 


Juan  Estorga,  a  Seki  Warrior,  Encinas  Ranch,  Sonora,  Mexico.    (With  Prof.  McGee). 


466 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


Carmelita,  Skki  Woman  ok  20. 


cise  and  heredity  a  pachyderm  character  permitting-  flight 
over  ragged  rocks  and  through  cholla  thickets  at  which 
even  the  light  coyote  turns  aside. 

There  is  little  if  any  expression  of  decorative  instinct  in 
the  meager  dress  of  the  Seri ;  indeed,  none  appears  save  in 
the  emblematic  hair  work,  in  deer-hoofs  and  plant-seeds 
and  snake-rattles  (symbols  of  fleetness  and  fecundity  and 
deadliness)  attached  to  haircord  necklaces,  and  in  the 
shamanistic  masks  ;  yet  a  well  (luickened  g-erm  of  esthetic 
sense, crops  out  in  habitual  face-painting  by  matron  and 


Seri  Baby,  14  Months  Old. 


468  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

maid,  and  by  man  on  ceremonious  occasions.  The  paints 
are  white,  red,  and  blue  pig-ments  (gypsum,  ochre  and 
dumortierite),  mixed  commonly  in  water  though  sometimes 
in  fats,  and  applied  with  human-hair  brushes  in  bilateral 
patterns  over  cheeks  and  nose ;  and  the  favorite  occupation 
of  the  females  during-  semi-leisure  hours  is  the  renewal  and 
elaboration  of  their  painted  devices.  These  constitute  a 
curiously  primitive  heraldry  ;  each  is  confined  to  a  clan  or 
maternal  family,  and  each  is  a  semi-conventionized  symbol 
of  the  clan  beast-god — Pelican,  Turtle,  etc. ;  and  it  is  of  no 
small  sig-nificance  that  these  artificial  clan-marks,  borne 
habitually  by  the  weaker  members  only,  fulfill  a  function 
akin  to  that  of  the  natural  face-marks  of  various  animals 
— but  that  is  another  and  a  long  story. 

The  chief  occupations  of  the  Seri  are  food-getting-  and 
fighting-.  Their  foremost  food-source  is  the  green  turtle, 
which  is  taken  by  means  of  a  light  slip-head  harpoon, 
broken  up  with  cobble-stones,  and  promptly  gorged  from 
entrails  to  flipper-bones  and  sinew — and  even  to  plastron  if 
the  family  is  large  and  the  chelonian  small.  Pelicans  and 
other  waterfowl  yield  quotas  of  food,  as  do  all  manner  of 
fish  and  shell-fish  ;  and  during  the  season  of  cactus  fruits 
the  younger  folk  and  even  the  elders  fatten  inordinately  on 
tunas  and  their  seeds — the  latter  eaten  twice  in  ancient 
Californian  fashion.  Larger  land  game  is  a  rich  resource, 
and  its  chase  is  at  once  an  apprenticeship  to  and  a  mimicry 
of  warfare,  terminating  in  a  berserker  blood-craze  wilder 
even  than  that  of  the  carnivore  tutelary  ;  but  the  small 
burrowing  squirrel  (who  helped  to  build  the  world  in  their 
mythology)  is  sacred,  and  has  so  increased  and  multiplied 
under  its  tabu  as  to  honeycomb  the  sub-soil  of  all  Seriland 
and  practically  protect  the  principality  from  invading 
horsemen,  and  afford  one  of  the  most  striking  known  ex- 
amples of  unwittingly  beneficial  co-operation  between  men 
and  animals.  Since  the  Caucasian  approach,  domestic 
stock  have  contributed  to  the  Seri  larder ;  the  burro  ap- 
peals most  to  their  palate,  then  the  horse,  while  kine  and 
other  stock  rank  lower.  Habitually  their  food  from  sea 
and  land  alike  is  eaten  raw,  though  when  time  permits 
there  may  be  a  semblance  of  cooking.  Of  agriculture 
there  is  no  germ,  of  zooculture  no  trace  save  in  the  un- 
conscious co-operation  with  squirrels  and  a  capricious 
toleration  of  canines — aboriginally  coyotes,  modernly  mon- 
grels. 

The  favorite  forms  of  warfare  are  ambuscade  and  covert 
assault ;  but  in  any  case  the  attack  is  made  with  fierce 
swiftness  and  with  ample  oi)ening  for  retreat  and  escape  in 
case   of    stout  resistance.     Of    face-to-face  fighting  there 


SERILAND    AND    THE    SERl. 


469 


Ampakita,  16-year-old  Skri  Girl.     Pelican  Skin  Dress. 


has  been  little  in  Seri  history  ;  of  stealthy  and  treacherous 
bloodshed  there  has  been  much.  The  methods  seem  felinely 
coward  and  cruel  to  the  Caucasian,  naturall}-  enoug-h,  since 
the   models   are    actually    feline,    the    motives    studiously 


470  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

shaped  by  faith  in  crudely  deified  carnivores.  So,  too,  the 
weapons  are  selected  and  used  in  accordance  with  zoic  mo- 
tives ;  the  cobble-stone  implements  are  classed  as  teeth  in 
Seri  thought  and  lang-uagfe,  and  arrow-points  (including" 
foreshafts),  harpoon  heads,  and  firestick  foreshafts  alike 
symbolize  teeth  of  sea-lion  or  shark  ;  even  the  far-rumored 
and  ill-reputed  arrow  poison  of  the  tribe  is  but  a  witch's 
brew  of  death-symbols  wholly  magical  in  motive  and  effec- 
tive (if  at  all)  merely  through  the  chance  carriage  of 
germs  from  the  morbific  mess.  The  Seri  are  unworthy 
foemen  of  steel  or  powder  ;  but  they  oppose  a  superb 
animality  and  an  intense  animism  to  higher  intelligence — 
and  their  victims  during  four  centuries  number  scores  or 
hundreds  against  a  ten  times  higher  loss  of  their  own 
number.  The  much-mooted  question  of  cannibalism  must 
be  left  open  ;  the  affirmative  is  favored  by  the  blood  craze 
of  battle  and  the  presumption  that  it  ends  like  the  chase  it 
mimics  in  gluttonous  gorging  of  raw  flesh,  and  also  b}^ 
other  analogies  ;  but  the  negative  may  rest  provisionally 
on  the  dearth  of  direct  evidence  and  the  consistent  denials 
entered  by  the  tribesmen  themselves. 

The  militant  instinct  of  the  Seri  crops  out  in  various 
customs,  but  in  none  more  clearl}^  than  in  that  of  avoiding 
potable  waters  as  dwelling  places  ;  for  while  two  or  three 
temporales  on  the  mainland  are  adjacent  to  aguajes,  the 
habitually  occupied  rancherias  on  Tiburon  range  are  from 
four  to  fifteen  miles  from  the  nearest  spring  or  tinaja,  and 
even  temporary  camps  are  seldom  less  than  a  mile  or  two 
from  fresh  water.  To  meet  this  habit  a  remarkable  handi- 
craft has  grown  up— the  making  of  crude  clay  ware  in  the 
form  of  narrow-necked  ollas  which  are  marvels  of  lightness 
and  portability  ;  measured  by  ratio  of  weight  of  ware  to 
capacity  of  vessel,  they  are  twice  as  economical  as  Pueblo 
pottery,  even  superior  to  that  of  the  wide-wandering 
Papago  in  the  proportion  of  7  to  4.  Next  to  the  olla  in 
technical  perfection  stands  the  balsa,  a  shapely  structure 
of  carrizal  (reeds)  bound  with  slender  cords ;  in  shape  a 
hybrid  between  raft  and  canoe,  it  is  a  mechanical  solution 
of  a  problem  of  complex  forces  so  well  wrought  out  as  to 
form,  perhaps,  the  most  graceful  craft  afioat  in  any  water, 
and  at  the  same  time  light  enough  to  be  rushed  inland  by 
one  or  two  persons,  capacious  enough  to  carry  a  family, 
strong  enough  to  withstand  the  tiderips  and  williwaws  of 
El  Infiernillo.  The  Seri  are  horseless,  and  too  devoid  of 
horse-sense  (despite  the  sights  of  four  centuries)  to  even 
think  of  roping  or  mounting  ;  yet  their  balsa  is  a  veritable 
hippocampus,  as  fit  a  factor  of  life  as  Egypt's  "ship  of 
the   desert"  or  Araby's  fleet  charger.     A  third  well-made 


JuANA  Maria,  Seri  Woman,  Encinas  Ranch. 


472  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

artifect  is  the  arrow,  with  shaft  of  carrizal,  foreshaft  of 
hard-wood  (symbolizing-  the  pristine  sea-lion  tooth),  and 
triple  feathering-  from  falcon's  wing- ;  sometimes,  too,  with 
supplementar}^  point  of  flotsam  hoop-iron  or  other  material. 
The  bow  is  much  cruder  but  effective,  and  its  use  reveals 
traces  of  relatively  recent  derivation  from  the  atlatl ;  the 
turtle-harpoon  and  fish-spear  approach  the  arrow  in  me- 
chanical perfection,  while  the  firestick  (their  homologue  in 
Seri  thought)  is  not  far  behind.  A  plain  flat  basket  of 
common  coil  pattern  is  one  of  the  least  developed  artifects 
of  Seriland  ;  yet  even  this  is  a  model  of  lightness  and 
strength. 

Clearly  contrasted  with  olla  and  balsa,  arrow  and  basket, 
is  the  crude  jacal  in  which  the  Seri  are  content  to  find 
shelter  from  sun  and  wind  ;  it  is  but  a  bower  of  shrubbery 
supported  by  a  slender  framework  of  ocatilla  ^Foiiqiiicrd) 
stems,  and  sometimes  partially  shingled  with  turtle-shells  ; 
and  even  the  best  of  the  huts  are  occupied  sporadically,  and 
stand  oftener  in  ruins  than  in  passable  repair.  Still 
stronger  is  the  contrast  of  deftly-wrought  utensil  and  im- 
plement against  the  rude  tools  with  which  they  are  shaped; 
for  the  typical  Seri  tool  is  but  a  cobble-stone  picked  up 
alongshore  at  random,  used  once  or  more  according  to  need 
and  fitness,  never  shaped  or  fashioned  save  by  wear  of  use, 
and  at  once  discarded  if  accidentally  so  spawled  or  split  as 
to  form  sharp  edges.  Yet  it  is  a  revelation  to  see  the 
variety  of  uses  to  which  the  crude  cobble  may  be  put ; 
breaking  up  turtles,  felling  carrizal  and  ocatilla,  rending 
the  tough  hide  of  horse  or  deer,  grinding  seeds,  severing 
tendons,  chopping-  off  cords  between  two  used  as  hammer 
and  anvil — these  are  but  a  few  of  their  functions.  Thus 
the  tribesmen  typify  the  protolithic  stage  of  culture,  the 
plane  of  designless  use  of  materials  furnished  freely  by 
nature  ;  and  as  befits  their  lowly  plane,  they  are  devoid  of 
knife-sense  so  utterly  that  the  warrior  with  borrowed  knife 
at  his  back  and  equine  haunch  before  him  tears  hide  and 
tendon  with  his  teeth  without  thought  of' the  cutlery. 

In  the  shadow  of  six-foot  Seri  masculinity — with  Sauls 
in  every  clan— thought  turns  easiest  to  the  tribal  warriors; 
yet  throughout  Seriland  (as  implied,  indeed,  by  the  proper 
designation  "  Our-Great-Mother folk-Here ")  the  matron 
holds  higher  rank  than  even  the  doughtiest  warrior.  The 
tribal  law  is  founded  on  faith  and  expressed  in  terms  of 
kinship  and  relative  age  ;  the  kinship  is  traced  only  in  the 
maternal  line  (in  fact  it  is  (luestionable  whether  paternity 
is  recognized — the  female  has  no  word  for  father;  and  the 
term  used  by  the  male  to  denote  his  sire  seems  of  doubtful 
meaning),  and  there  are  no  old  men  in  the  tribe.     So  the 


Lola,  Middle-aged  Seri  Woman. 


474  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

matron  is  priestess,  lawgiver,  and  judg-e,  while  her  brothers 
in  order  of  age  are  appellate  executives,  and  her  spouse 
merel)^  a  perpetual  guest  from  another  clan  without  voice 
in  domestic  matters,  save  perchance  in  social  tumults  at- 
tending war.  So,  too,  the  civic  structure  is  an  appellate 
adelpharch}^  in  its  civil  aspect,  though  a  putative  zoocracy 
in  fiducial  aspect  since  the  law-giving  matrons  are  deemed 
vicars  of  a  zoic  pantheon.  So,  also,  the  woman  is  the  pre- 
potent factor  in  tribal  existence  ;  she  is  the  shaman  who 
brews  the  magic  arrow-poison,  the  Wise  One  who  casts 
protecting  charms  over  outgoing  warriors  and  lays  spells 
on  enemies  ;  she  is  the  shaper  of  the  life-preserving  oUa, 
the  maker  of  the  sacred  hair-cord  ;  she  is  the  lady  of  the 
feast,  sharing  the  portions  and  keeping  alive  the  distrib- 
utive tabus  by  which  the  rights  of  the  weak  are  protected; 
she  is  the  blood-carrier  and  the  facemark-bearer  of  the 
clan ;  and  at  death  she  is  buried  with  ceremony  and 
mourned  long  and  loud  as  a  link  in  the  tribal  lineage,  while 
her  warrior  spouse  is  allowed  to  rot  where  he  falls.  Espe- 
cially rigorous  is  the  Seri  law  concerning  marriage  (i.  e., 
the  first  marriage,  for  the  incidental  pol)^gyny  of  later  dec- 
ades seems  but  a  ripple  on  the  surface  of  deeper  thought 
and  custom).  The  sacrament  fills  a  year  from  the  first 
mootings  to  the  final  feast ;  during  this  period  the  groom 
is  banned  (under  pain  of  outlawry)  to  show  perfect  man- 
hood, according  to  tribal  standards,  by  successfully  passing 
the  most  strenuous  tests  of  providence  and  continence  ; 
during  the  same  period  the  prospective  bride  occupies  a 
place  of  character-making  prominence  in  clan  and  tribe  ; 
and  the  probation  ends  in  a  feast  measuring  the  skill  of  the 
groom  as  fisherman  and  hunter  and  the  thrift  of  the  bride 
as  maker  of  wares,  and  hence  fixing  the  place  of  the  pair 
in  tribal  esteem.  A  besetting  fallac}^  proclaims  that  law 
is  lacking  in  primitive  life,  and  that  the  conjugal  relations 
of  the  prime  were  laxer  than  in  later  times ;  many  recent 
facts  point  the  fallacy,  but  the  clearest  indication  of  all  is 
found  in  the  formal  mating  of  the  Seri — a  union  more 
closely  hedged  about  with  observance  and  ceremony  and 
public  counciling  than  that  of  any  other  people  thus  far 
known.  The  motive  of  it  all,  as  half-wittingly  glimpsed 
by  the  sybils  who  hold  the  lines  of  tribal  faith,  is  the 
maintenance  of  blood-purity,  the  intensification  of  race- 
sense  ;  the  success  of  it  is  shown  by  four  centuries  of  inter- 
tribal and  interracial  neighboring  without  a  single  known 
mestizo,  and  by  the  strongest  race-sense  on  the  western 
hemisphere — for  the  sentiment  of  the  Seri  toward  the  alien, 
white-skinned  or  red-skinned,  is  that  of  the  average  man 
to  the  viper  that  he  slays  or  flees  without  pause  for  thinking. 


'"^^s^WMjts. 


^^  Miss  Gwendolen  Overton,   whose  power- 

;/(|H  ful  novel,    T/ie  Heritage   of    Unrest^  is   re- 

'     ^^  viewed  on  another  page,  has  come  upon  very 

unusual  experiences  during-  more  than  half 
her  twent3^-six  3^ears.  Daughter  of  Captain 
Gilbert  Overton,  she  was  born  in  what  on 
the  frontier  passes  for  a  "fort,"  and  has 
lived  in  nearl)^  all  the  army  posts  of  Ari- 
zona and  New  Mexico.  Taking-  to  burro- 
back  in  her  tenderest  3ears,  and  early 
J"Ka  promoted   to   a  mule,  she    presently    g-rad- 

PP^  uated   to   be    a    finished  and   noted    horse- 

L'  .,  woman.  Much  of  her  comparative  horizon 
1|m  is  doubtless  due  to  her  education  in 
^1  France ;  but  there  can  be  no  reasonable 
^B  doubt  that  the  larg-er  preparation  for  at 
^^^  least  one  of  the  best  novels  ever  }^et  writ- 
^^  ten  of  the  Southwest  was  acquired  (if 
unconsciously)  in  that  lonel}^  but  master- 
ful land.  Polish  may  come  from  almost 
anywhere  that  the  emer3^-wheel  of  numbers  revolves  ; 
but  the  native  streng-th  of  the  book  is  palpably 
from  the  self-centered  desert.  And  so,  of  course,  is  its 
coloration.  For  several  years  Miss  Overton  has  been 
a  quiet  dweller  in  Los  Ang-eles,  of  no  apparent  fondness 
for  the  white  lig-ht  that  beats  upon  a  club  paper  or  a  re- 
ception of  writerling-s.  At  least  I  have  not  heard  of  her 
in  these  functions.  Possibly  she  has  had  some  use  for  her 
energ-ies.  For  several  years — perhaps  five  or  six — she  has 
been  rather  the  leading-  story  writer  for  the  foremost  West- 
ern weekly,  the  San  Francisco  Argonaut^  and  has,  I  be- 
lieve, written  for  other  papers.  But  The  Heritage  of  Un- 
rest^ coming-  as  it  were  a  clap  of  thunder  out  of  not  too 
overcast  a  sk3%  would  indicate  that  she  has  had  more  than 
short  stories  long-  pending-.  It  certainly  does  not  carr3^ 
ear-marks  of  hast3"  work.  Youthful,  but  not  immature  ; 
refined,  but  neig-hbored  with  the  elemental  ;  attractively 
feminine,  3"et  with  a  profitable  seriousness,  this  3^oung- 
woman  should  score  further  successes,  and  perhaps  even 
larg-er  ones. 


476 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


Miss  Gwendolen  Overton. 


Ernest  Seton-Thompson,  whose  Wild  Animal  classics  are 
a  household  word  throujifhout  this  country  and  some  others, 
and  whose  lectures  are  as  fascinating,  is  just  homing  to 
New  York  from  a  conquering  tour  of  the  West,  in  which 
he  spoke  some  250  times.     If  that  is  not  the  "hardest  trail 


IN    WESTERN    LETTERS. 


All 


Eknest  Skton-Thompson. 


Photo,  by  C.  F.  L. 


he  ever  hit,"  may  I  never  see  a  diamond  hitch  tied  again  ! 
But  he  carries  it  off  superbl3\ 

One  has  to  smile  at  the  vacant  literary  gossips  who,  for 
want  of  other  occupation,  have  called  Seton  "a  follower  of 
Kipling."  There  can  be  no  question  of  plagiarism  between 
two  such  men  ;  their  work  is  as  unlike  in  method  as  John 
Muir  to  Jeremiah,  and  like  only  in  being  great  and  in 
being  "  about  animals  ;"  and  if  it  be  a  matter  of  sugges- 
tion, Kipling  was  doubtless  recipient  and  not  giver.  Seton, 
I  believe,  began  publishing  his  stories  some  time  before  the 
first  Jungle  Book  was  heard  of.  At  an}^  rate,  we  need 
both.  Meantime,  the  West  has  been  mighty  glad  to  wel- 
come back  this  delicious  interpreter  of  the  Wild  Truth,  and 


DIARIO  HISTORICO 

DELOS  VIAGES  DE  MAR,  Y  TIERRA 

ilECHOS  AL  NORTE  DE  LA  CALIFORNIA 

DE  ORDEN 
DEL  EXCELENTISSIMO  SENOR 

MARQUES  DE  CROIX. 

yirrcy»  Governador,  y  Capicari  General  de  la 
Nucva  Efpana: 

Y  POR  DIRECCION 

DEL  ILLUSTRISSIMO  SENOR 

D JOSEPH  DEC ALVEZ 

Del  Confejo,  y  Camara  de  S.  M,  en  el  Supremo  dt 

Indias,  Intendcntc  de  Excrcito,  Vifitador  General 

dc  efte  Rcyno. 

Exccutados  por  la  Tropa  dcdiaada  i  dictioobjcto  al  mando 

DE  DON  GASPAR  DEPORTOLA. 

Capitao  dc  Diagooes  eo  cl  Rcgimiento  de  Efpana,  y  Governador 

en  dicha  Peniofula 

Y  por  los  Paqnebots  el  S.  Carlos,  y  el  S.  Antonio  al  mando 

DE  DON  VICENTE  VILA, 

Piloto  del Numtro  dc  primeroi  de  la  Real  Armadi, 

Y  DE  DON  JUAN  PEREZ, 

de  la  Navegacion  de  Pbilipioai. 

DE  oRDKH  Del  EXCmo.Sh.  VIKREY, 
£•  la  iBftcai*  del  Sapcnot  Gobterao. 


Facsimile  ok  Title  Page  of  the  Costanso. 
(See  "Early  California  History,"  p.  485.) 


IN    WESTERN    LETTERS.  479 

his  wife  Grace  Gallatin  Seton-Thompson,  whose  own  book 
{A  Woman  1  enderfoot)  is  a  joy,  and  whose  decoration  of 
her  husband's  volumes  has  been  almost  as  famous  as  their 
exquisite  stories. 

*  * 

The  while  our  city  cag-elinffs  write 

The  *'World"  of  a  canary's  sight, 

And  mostly  go  to  prove — and  can — 

How  many  kinds  of  beast  is  man 

( A  **  beast,"  to  them  is  synonym 

Of  what  man  makes  us  think  of  him) 

In  novel,  story,  play  and  joke, 

Really  depicting-  human  folk 

As  monkeys  (and  the  figure  passes) 

As  wolves  or  bears  or  geese  or  asses. 

As  sheepish,  foxy,  piggish,  currish, 

Or  goatish,  or  of  peacock  flourish — 

And  not  a  word  our  doubts  to  banish 

Of  what  the  beasts  may  count  as  **  mannish" — 

Thank  God  for. 

Now  and  Then, 

a  Man 
Not  quite  so  strayed  from  Nature's  plan  ! 
A  man-enough  to  know,  at  least, 
The  Human  Nature  of  the  Beast, 
And  prove  in  words  that  fly  and  glow. 
What  he  and  Kipling  came  to  show — 
A  Brotherhood  of  longer  span 
Than  the  short  lariat  of  man  ; 
The  truth  that  All  We  Beasts  are  kin 
In  all  except  that  WE  can  Sin  ; 
That  what  we  call  our  Virtues  run 
In  every  brute  beneath  the  sun  ; 
That  crime,  whatever  its  dimension. 
Is  man's  one  really  new  invention, 
Kxcept  that  in  the  self -same  school 
He  only's  learned  to  be  a  fool. 

I  know  the  childhood  of  our  race, 
Its  ethnic  minors,  face  to  face. 
And  glad  I  am  to  know  the  fruit — 
Man  once  was  honest  as  the  brute, 
As  brave,  as  strong,  as  true,  as  free. 
And  all  the  rest  he  yet  could  be. 
For  yet  no  Natural  L/aw  at  all 
Demands  he  be  an  Indoor  Doll 
Who  when  Convention  lays  him  down 
Shall  shut  his  eyes  witiiout  a  frown. 
He  still  can  be  a  Man  with  Men, 
And  Man  as  toward  the  Beasts  again. 
He  still  can  stand  (as  Nature  meant) 
Serene,  erect,  and  competent. 
With  ears  for  all  she  has  to  tell. 
With  eyes  for  her  vast  miracle. 
In  fine,  with  sense  the  brutes  retain 
And  with  the  whetted  human  brain, 
With  heart  to  dare  and  hands  to  do. 
And  the  beasts'  "instinct"  to  be  true. 


480  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

% 

Power  to  his  elbow,  every  time 

This  man  of  Reason  more  than  Rhyme 

(For  this,  he  is  the  one  to  blame, 

/  didn't  pick  him  out  a  name)  ; 

But  it's  my  fight,  whoever  "  tromps  "  on 

This  old  Side-Pardner,  Seton-Thompson. 

And  naturally  in  roping  him 
We  also  have  to  round  up  *'  Jim"  — 
The  same  fond  Outdoor  Brand  to  put 
Upon  The  Woman  Tenderfoot. 

* 
*   * 

California  is  rather  proud  of  its  trip-hammer  youngster, 
Jack  London,  and  his  stories  of  the  silent  North  ;  because 
the  stories  were  unmistakably  strong-  and  were  presumed 
to  be  truthful  in  the  literary  sense.  The  adept  English 
press  has  been  praising  his  "  accurate  local  color" — and 
of  course  England  knows  Alaska  like  an  old  glove.  In  a 
sense,  of  course,  every  frontiersman  has  been  aware  that 
Mr.  London's  stories  were  probably  as  true  as  heroics  are 
expected  to  be,  and  no  more — and  that  is  a  good  deal,  after 
all.  But  he  has  not  before  been  observed  to  do  just  the 
sort  of  thing  that  is  visible  in  *'  The  God  of  His  Fathers," 
printed  in  the  May  McChire's  and  title  story  of  his  new 
book.  Like  all  the  rest  of  his  work,  this  has  rude  power  ; 
but  I  hope  it  is  unlike  the  rest  in  everything  else.  Other- 
wise, his  reputation  is  had  in  part  on  ignorance.  So  far  as 
**  local  color"  goes,  this  is  not  natural  tan  but  stage  "make- 
up." Its  Indians  are  rather  more  than  absurd — almost  as 
bad  as  the  McClure's  illustrations — where  Tinneh  tribes- 
men of  the  Koyokuk  river  are  dressed  up  for  battle  in  cari- 
catures of  the  masks  which  only  the  Tlinkits  use  for  any- 
thing, and  the  Tlinkits  only  for  mystic  dances  ;  where 
Haida  dugouts  are  substituted  for  the  exclusive  birch  canoe 
of  the  locality,  and  so  on.  There  are  man}^  who  don't 
know  the  difference,  and  some  who  would  think  it  made 
none  ;  but  in  the  name  of  decency  in  literature  there  will 
always  be  some  to  protest  against  this  sort  of  impudence. 
Nor  need  anyone  lean  on  my  very  scant  knowledge  of 
Alaska.  I  would  prefer  to  leave  it  to  the  experts.  Try 
them.  Try,  for  instance,  the  dean  of  all  our  Alaskan  ex- 
plorer-students, Wm.  H.  Dall,  of  the  Smithsonian  at  Wash- 
ington, who  has  known  Alaska  root  and  branch  since 
several  years  before  Mr.  London  was  born,  and  who  is  a 
recognized  authority  the  world  over.  I  am  willing  to  abide 
by  his  verdict,  whatever  it  may  be. 

C.  F.  L. 


481 


The  Child-Hunters. 


BY  LANIBR   BARTLBTT. 

WT  had  been  ten  years  since  the  Americanos  had  taken  old  Ming-a's 

I      brown,  bright-faced  little  Lorenzo  away  to  their  school.     Far 

JL     away  toward  the  Kast  they  took  him — so  she  heard,  but  who 

could  believe  ? — perhaps  it  was  beyond  the  edg-e  of  the  world — 

and  they  told  her  that  at  the  end  of  the  time,  after  he  had  learned  to 

be  a  man,  he  would  come  back. 

As  near  as  Ming-a  could  count,  the  time  had  ended  a  year  ag-o  ;  and 
so  every  sunrise  she  watched  from  the  housetop  of  the  white-walled 
town  for  the  return  of  her  boy.  But  every  new  day  left  her  empty- 
hearted. 

This  last  bright  autumn  morning-  she  did  not  watch  for  her  boy 
from  the  housetop,  shading-  her  eyes  against  the  glory  of  the  new 
day ;  because  the  night  before  Juana,  with  three  sons  of  her  own, 
had  called  her  a  fool  for  so  doing,  as  they  squatted  in  the  light  of 
Minga's  fogon.  "You  are  wearing  out  the  ladder  for  nothing," 
Juana  had  said  rather  bitterly,  clasping  her  arms  around  her  knees  ; 
"  he  will  come  when  the  white  man  pleases.  I  have  three  sons  of  my 
own,  two  of  them  school-taught  and  the  third  one  a  savage  of  my 
own  raising."  She  threw  sarcasm  into  the  last  words.  "I  shook 
with  joy  the  day  they  came  back,  but  what  have  I  suffered  since, 
comadre — do  you  know  ?  do  you  guess  ?  What  is  their  Indian  mother 
to  them  any  more  ?  This  is  what  she  is  to  them  :  the  other  day  my 
first-born  knocked  me  down  when  he  was  drunk  because  I  would 
not  show  him  where  the  wine  was  hid,  and  the  other  one  looked  on 
and  laughed  to  see  his  little  shriveled  mother  crjdng  !  Ay  !  comadre. 
Now  the  last  one — my  own,  the  mother-raised  savage — when  he 
drinks  too  much,  he  lies  right  down  in  the  corner  and  covers  his 
mouth  with  his  blanket  for  very  fear  of  saying  a  hard  word  against 
his  little  mother.  He  never  went  to  school,  pobrecito.  I  watch  no 
more  from  the  housetop  for  the  coming  of  anything  ;  I  watch  at  the 
door  to  see  that  nothing  more  of  mine  goes  out." 

So  Minga  did  not  climb  the  ladder  again  when  the  sun  climbed  the 
mountains.  She  simply  collected  her  stock  of  blue  corn  that  she  had 
watered  and  cherished  all  alone  through  the  summer,  poured  it  over 
the  first  metate — there  were  three  of  them,  smooth,  curved  volcanic 
stones  all  in  a  row,  with  the  great  hooded  fogon  beyond — and  began 
to  crunch  the  fat  grains  into  meal.  Tomorrow  she  would  grind  on 
the  second  stone,  and  the  next  day  on  the  smoothest  and  finest  of  all, 
the  last.  Then  she  would  make  crisp  guayaves  on  the  stone  that 
stood  under  the  hood.  Surely  by  that  time  L^orenzo  would  be  there  to 
eat  them.  How  his  mouth  would  water  for  some,  with  goat's  milk 
and  sugar !  It  had  been  so  long  since  he  had  had  any.  And  how  his 
feet  must  ache  for  the  soft  moccasins  again !  She  stopped  her 
grinding  and  looked  up  at  a  pair  hung  on  the  wall  and  at  the  pretty 
red-stained  botas  studded  with  silver  buttons,  which  she  had  ordered 
from  Manuel  in  anticipation  of  the  return.  They  had  cost  her  almost 
all  the  money  she  had  gathered  in  the  ten  years  the  boy  had  been 
away — but  was  a  man  of  her  own  not  worth  it  ?  Her  eyes  filled  with 
tears,  and  she  began  grinding  once  more. 

A  faultlessly  attired  young  man  hailed  Tata  Jos^  as  he  tottered 
through  the  village  street.  .  The  old  man  stopped,  listened,  shook  his 
head,  and  started  on  again.  But  he  halted,  leaned  on  his  staff,  and 
eyed  the  stranger  keenly.  *'  The  house  of  old  Minga,  behind  the 
jail,  do  you  mean?"  he  asked  in  Mexican.  "  Right  through  the 
alley  there,  to  the  little  door  beyond  the  placita." 

As  the  old  man  limped  away  he  sighed  heavily  and  murmured,  "It 
has  at  last  fallen  to  old  Jos^  to  tell  one  of  the  pueblo's  own  sons 


482  LAND    OF   SUNSHINE. 

where  his  mother  lives.  The  boy  has  forg-otten  the  best  thing  he 
ever  knew." 

Suddenly  old  Ming-a  stopped  swaying"  to  and  fro,  and  leaned  on  her 
stone  listening-.  The  tiny  doorway,  where  for  so  long  the  silent  blue 
mountains  had  looked  in  on  the  lonely  life,  was  filled.  The  mother 
stumbled  over  the  metate  toward  the  door,  but  she  quickly  composed 
herself,  and  went  forward  quietly.  A  Pueblo  mother  is  always  dig- 
nified ;  and  then,  was  not  this  a  great  man — the  man  of  all  men — 
long  trained  in  mighty  knowledge  ?  But  the  mother  was  all  a-trem- 
ble. 

"  Son  !  "  she  cried  gladly,  but  softly,  half  afraid  of  her  own  voice  ; 
and  she  put  her  arms  around  him. 

"  How  do  you  do,  mother,"  said  I^orenzo  in  good  English.  Then 
he  looked  around  and  continued,  "What  a  miserable  little  house  you 
live  in.  And  look  how  you  are  soiling  my  coat ;  you  have  meal  on 
your  hands."  He  pushed  her  away  and  began  brushing  his  clothes. 
His  mother  leaned  back  against  the  wall,  and  clasping  her  thin  hands 
before  her  stared  at  him  with  big  distressed  ej'es.  After  a  moment 
she  faltered,  "Can — can  you  not  speak  to  your  mother  in  her  own 
tongue;  she  does  not  understand  ? "  He  continued  brushing  his 
coat. 

"  It  is  the  meal  you  ate  as  a  child,  son,  and  this  is  the  house  you 
were  born  in,  my  little-one-grown-big."  A  tear  trickled  down  a  long 
wrinkle. 

"  How  are  you — how  is  everybody  in  town  ?  "  asked  L/orenzo.  She 
shook  her  head  slowly,  a  look  of  pain  shadowing  her  face.  A  second 
tear  followed  the  first.     Lorenzo  saw  she  did  not  understand. 

"  Is  there  nobody  here  who  speaks  decent  English  ?"  he  broke  out. 
The  mother  shrank  from  him,  thinking  he  was  saying  something  in 
anger. 

"There  is  Nicolds,"  said  a  strained  voice  from  beside  the  fogon. 
Nobody  had  noticed  Juana  when  she  crept  in.  She  had  understood 
what  was  wanted. 

"  Seek  him,  comadre,"  said  the  little  mother,  never  moving  from 
her  leaning  position  against  the  wall.  Lorenzo  sat  in  silence  on  the 
only  chair  and  considered  the  room. 

When  Juana  returned  with  the  interpreter,  Lorenzo  considered  him 
critically.  Nicolds  was  in  the  loose  cotton  garments,  the  soft  moc- 
casins of  his  people,  and  wore  a  bright  band  about  his  head  to  hold 
back  his  long  wavy  black  hair.  His  magnificent  figure  was  swathed 
in  a  scarlet  blanket.  He  was  a  free  rhythmical  poem  of  Nature  as 
he  stood  looking  down  upon  the  new-comer. 

Lorenzo  looked  him  over  again  and  then  pulled  up  his  well-creased 
trousers  at  the  knees.  "Tell  mother  I  thought  she  would  have  a 
better  house  than  this."  Nicolas  interpreted.  The  mother's  eyes 
dropped  to  the  floor.  Then  she  looked  up  a  bit  brightly.  "Will  he 
build  me  another  little  room— ask  him  ?" 

"I  don't  know  how  to  make  mud  houses,"  answered  the  boy.  The 
mother's  eyes  fell  again. 

"Tell  him,"  she  said  in  a  moment,  still  more  timidly,  "  that  I  have 
taken  good  care  of  the  little  field,  and  have  planted  some  new  trees 
that  now  bear  fruit,  and  with  saving  much  of  each  year's  crops  I 
have  bought  him  another  little  field,  well  watered,  so  that  we  will  not 
live  so  poorly,  now  that  he  is  here  to  work  them." 

"  I  don't  know  how  to  farm,"  said  Lorenzo.  "  I  don't  want  to  dig" 
and  sweat  all  my  life.  Isn't  there  any  decent  job  a  man  can  get 
around  here  ?" 

"But  son,"  broke  out  the  mother,  speaking  straight  to  her  boy 
when  Nicolas  had  done,  "how  will  we  live?  What  has  become  of 
you?    Shame  upon  jou.     Your  fathers   before   you   have   labored, 


THE    CHILD-HUNTERS.  483 

sweating,  and  not  found  it  too  low  for  them.  For  ten  long-  j^ears  your 
mother  has  labored  and  gathered  together  and  thought  ahead  to  the 
resting  time  when  her  boy  would  come  and  take  up  his  work  as  a  man 
should,  and  now — "  then  turning  to  the  interpreter  she  asked  piti- 
fully, *'  What  is  he  ? — what  does  he  do  ?" 

'*  I  am  a  printer,"  said  Lorenzo.  "I  can  keep  accounts,  too,  and 
play  the  piano." 

"  He  is  a  painter  of  letters,"  interpreted  Nicolas. 

"  Perhai3s — perhaps  he  can  paint  them  on  jars  and  bowls  and  live 
thus  ?"  asked  the  mother  uncertainly. 

'*  No,  they  are  painted  in  books,"  said  Nicolas. 

"  I  thought  they  would  make  a  man  of  him,"  said  Minga,  sadly. 
*'  They  told  me  they  would.  But  they  have  made  him  a  printer.  How 
is  a  man  a  man  when  he  cannot  plant  or  grow  or  gather  his  own 
living  among  his  own  people  ?  Ask  him,  Nicolas,  why  did  he  not 
stay  away  ?  Why  has  he  learned  these  things  and  then  come  back  to 
be  supported  by  his  mother?" 

''  There  are  enough  white  men  to  do  all  things — they  do  not  want 
Indians,"  answered  L/orenzo  helplessly. 

*'  They  promised  to  make  my  son  a  great  man,"  mused  the  little 
mother,  "  and  I  have  stifled  my  heart  by  day  and  by  night  that  they 
might."  She  sank  down  upon  her  heels  and  hung  her  head.  Nicolds 
wrapped  his  blanket  up  about  his  face  and  looked  out  at  the  moun- 
tains. Down  in  the  flicker  of  the  fogon  Juana  sighed  from  the  bot- 
tom of  her  heart.     Ivorenzo  adjusted  his  tie. 

"  I  am  a  man,  mother;  I  have  been  through  school  and  can  speak 
English  and  play  music  and  figure.  It  makes  me  dislike  to  dig  in 
ditches  and  plant  corn." 

"  But  you  are  my  wee  one  just  the  same  and  a  citizen  of  the  pueblo, 
born  to  us  both,  and  we  both  are  born  to  ditches  and  to  com.  It  is 
the  good  God  made  it  so.  Is  this  how  you  come  home  in  wisdom,  to 
teach  your  own  ?  You  call  in  a  stranger  through  whom  to  greet 
your  mother,  and  speak  of  things  no  one  can  understand.  We  have 
dug  ditches  and  planted  corn  since  the  good  river  first  gave  cause  for 
ditches  and  corn  and  men  ;  and  mothers  have  brought  forth  these 
men  in  these  same  little  houses  just  as  long.  And  I  have  never  heard 
the  wisest  of  the  pHncipales — the  oldest  of  the  councilmen — breathe 
that  the  first  were  not  fully  men,  or  the  last  not  good  women." 
I^orenzo  stared  blankly  at  her,  and  she  realized.  "  Tell  it  to  him, 
Nicolas,"  she  said,  with  a  hopeless  wave  of  her  hand. 

The  mother  began  to  cry.  She  saw  for  the  first  time  Ivorenzo's 
face  from  the  side,  and  it  looked  so  as  it  used  to  look — really  like  a 
little  Indian's,  though  his  hair  was  gone.  All  her  neighbors  owned 
little  Indians,  and  she  envied  them  suddenly  with  a  mighty  envy. 
She  had  a  good  deal  of  mother  in  her,  even  though  she  could  not 
speak  English. 

Her  heart  reached  out  to  him  inevitably  ;  she  could  not  believe  he 
was  a  total  stranger.  She  ran  to  him  with  the  tears  streaming  down 
her  face,  but  sparkling  in  the  light  of  a  smile.  "  Oh,  son,  little  one, 
you  will  let  your  mother  to  teach  you  how  to  plant  and  to  work 
like  a  man  that  we  may  live  ;  and  look,  there  are  beautiful  red-dyed 
moccasins  from  the  hands  of  Manuel,  that  cost  real  money — five  big 
round  pieces  of  silver,  the  biggest  that  are  made,  which  I  nursed  up 
from  the  smallest  pieces  that  I  got  by  selling  bits  of  pottery  ;  v.ili 
they  not  feel  kind  to  the  little  one's  feet,  so  soft  and  light  that  he  \fx\\ 
soon  ache  for  the  spring  races  ?  How  often  you  must  have  wivshed 
for  them,  son  !  And  look  again  :  I  was  but  now  grinding  blue  corn 
to  make  my  baby  guayaves  for  which  he  used  so  to  cry  every  even- 
ing when  the  goats  were  milked.  We  shall  learn  to  love  each  other 
again  over  the  guayaves  and  new  goat's   milk,  will  we  not,  son  ? 


484  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

— perchance,  even  to  talk  ?'*  She  had  one  arm  around  the  boy's  neck, 
and  with  the  other  she  pointed  to  the  moccasins  on  the  wall,  and  to 
the  beautiful  blue  corn  that  lay  on  the  floor.  She  watched  his  face 
eagerly,  as  if  for  the  return  of  her  baby  through  those  eyes. 
Nicolds  did  not  venture  to  interpret. 

"I  might  as  well  go  barefooted  as  wear  those,"  L/orenzo  said,  "  and 
what  do  you  make  out  of  the  corn  ?" 

The  mother  understood  not  a  word.  But  she  knew  what  he  had 
said.     She  too  could  read. 

"  But  son,  they  are  heavy  with  silver  buttons,"  she  broke  out, 
piteously,  as  if  arguing  a  hopeless  case,  yet  hoping.  *'  There  are  six 
small  buttons  and  two  large  ones  worked  in  pictures  on  each  doia, 
and  they  have  hung  there  the  length  of  a  j^ear,  while  whole  tribes  of 
people  came  and  wished  to  buj-^  them,  saying  such  dofas  never  before 
were  seen  in  the  pueblo;  yet  none  could  buy  them — not  for  a  thousand 
times  live  silver  pieces  of  the  biggest  that  are  made,  for  I  had  them 
for  the  little  one.  And  they  are  so  soft,  son,  so  soft !  I  dug  with  my 
own  lame  back  the  wild  plum  roots  with  which  to  stain  them.  They 
are  so  soft,  son,  so  soft !  "  She  knelt  down  beside  him  the  better  to 
plead  her  case. 

"What  is  the  matter,  Nicolds  ? "  asked  the  son.  Nicolas  con- 
sidered the  mountains  again. 

"  It  is — I  think  it  is  that  she  wants  you  for  her  son  again."  He 
went  out. 

"  Beware  of  him  when  he  gets  drunk,  comadre,"  said  Juana  bit- 
terly, as  she  muflSed  in  her  shawl  and  left  them  alone. 

The  mother  rose  slowly  from  her  knees  and  went  back  to  the  mill- 
ing. The  crunch  of  the  fat  grains  filled  the  little  room  again.  The 
silent  blue  mountains  looked  upon  a  loneliness  a  thousand  times 
lonelier  than  before. 

After  while  lyorenzo  began  to  smoke.  At  the  sight  the  mother 
started  back  as  if  struck. 

*'  Son,  shame  upon  your  head  and  upon  mine — what  has  become  of 
you?"  She  trembled  with  the  insult  of  it,  for  never  had  such  a 
thing  been  seen  in  the  little  adobe  homes  of  the  pueblo  as  a  boy 
smoking  before  his  mother.  Was  this,  then,  the  great  man  who  was 
to  become  a  power  among  his  people  ? 

*'  Oh,  son,  son  !  "  She  began  slowly  to  grind  again.  Tears  fell 
into  the  meal.  Perhaps  it  was  the  sorrow  in  the  cakes  that  made 
them  unpalatable  to  the  boy  as  mother  and  son  squatted  that  night 
about  the  little  repast — dumb,  strangers,  pointing  what  they  meant 
to  say.     Dumb,  strangers,  mother  and  son. 

Later,  Tafa  Jos^,  speaking  among  the  councilmen,  said,  with  sor- 
row in  his  voice,  "  Here  is  one  of  the  pueblo's  own  sons  who  has  for- 
gotten how  to  be  an  Indian,  and  has  no  place  among  white  men.  He 
is,  as  it  were,  a  man  without  a  known  father — though  it  were  better 
unsaid." 

That  same  day  the  child-hunters  came  and  took  more  wee  sons 
from  their  mothers  to  be  *'  educated  "  by  a  paternal  government. 

Los  Anareles. 


HISTORICAL  DIARY 

OF  THE  VOYAGES  BY  SEA  AND  LAND 

MADE    TO    THE  NORTH  OF  THE  CALIFORNIA 

BY  ORDER 

OF  THE  MOST  EXCELLENT  SENOR 

MARQUIS  DE  CROIX 

Viceroy,  Governor  and  Captain  General  of  tiie 
New  Spain : 

AND  BY  DIRECTION 

OF  THE  MOST  ILLUSTRIOUS  SENOR 

DON  JOSEPH  DE  GALVEZ 

Of  the  Council  and  Chamber  of  his  Majesty,  in  the  Supreme  [Council]  of  the 

Indies,  Quartermaster  General,  Visitador  General 

of  this  Kingdom. 

Carried  out  by  the  Troops  destined  for  said  purpose  under  tfie  command 

OF  DON  CASPAR  DE  PORTOLA 

Captain  of  Dragoons  in  the  Regiment  of  Spain,  and  Governor 

in  said  Peninsuia. 

And  by  the  Packets  the  San  Carlos  and  the  San  Antonio,  under  the  command 

or  DON  VICENTE  VILA. 

Pilot  of  the  first-class  in  the  Royal  Navy, 

AND  or  DON  JUAN  PEREZ, 

Of  the  Navigation  of  the  Philippines. 

^^^^"^-^^^'^'^^^^^^^^^'^^^^^'^ 

BY  ORDER  OF  THE  MOST  EXClnt  SENOR  VICEROY, 
At  the  imprint  of  the  Superior  Government. 


486 

Early  California  History, 

THE    EXPEDITIONS    OF    1769. 

igM^HK  following-  compact  account  of  the  remarkable  beginning's 
\5/l '  of  civilization  in  what  is  now  our  State  of  California  (then 
JL  Nueva  California,  the  peninsula  having  been  for  70  years  a 
scene  of  missionary  labor  by  the  Jesuits,  who  were  expelled 
in  1767),  is  by  the  Alferez  Don  Miguel  Costans6,  civil  engineer,  who 
was  a  member  of  the  expedition  and  its  cosmographer.  Save  for  a 
poor  translation  printed  in  London  in  1790,  and  now  excessively  rare, 
Costans6's  clear  and  reliable  narrative  has  been  practically  inacces- 
sible to  our  students.  The  following  critical  translation,  as  literal  as 
is  possible  without  being  obscure,  gives  an  excellent  outline  of  the 
first  successful  attempt  to  colonize  California,  or  even  to  explore  its 
interior.  Costans6  was  of  the  political  arm,  and  presents  that  side 
chiefly.  A  century  and  a  third  later,  we  see  i/ie  Figure  of  all  that 
adventurous  and  toilsome  state-building  in  the  humble  missionary, 
Fray  Junfpero  Serra.  Portola,  the  governor  of  Lower  California,  and 
Fages,  his  lieutenant ;  even  Galvez,  the  high  visitador-general,  and 
the  Viceroy  de  Croix,  are  empty  names  except  to  the  expert,  while 
Father  Junfpero  has  become  a  household  word — the  apostle  of  Cali- 
fornia, probably  the  most  wonderful  of  all  that  wonderful  band  of 
Franciscans  who  missionaried  a  savage  continent.  A  miracle  of  zeal 
and  patience,  already  an  old  man,  infirm  and  suffering  from  a  wound 
that  never  healed,  he  trudged  on  foot  for  Christ's  sake  greater  dis- 
tances than  any  American  has  ever  walked,  and  left  more  monu- 
ments. He  was  not  only  an  apostle,  but  a  wonderful  "business  man." 
He  founded  the  most  important  of  the  "  Old  Missions  "  of  California, 
now  the  noblest  ruins  in  the  United  States.  Our  best  and  fullest 
"  authority"  on  the  beginnings  of  Calif ornian  history  is  the  life  of 
this  noble  man  by  his  co-laborer,  Fray  Francisco  Palou.  This  has 
not  yet  been  translated  into  English,  though  Bancroft  and  others 
have  drawn  heavily  upon  it.  It  is  a  discursive  volume  of  over  350 
pages.  But  Costans6's  rare  report*  from  the  non-ecclesiastic  side  is 
valuable  as  a  resume  of  the  extraordinary  journeys  and  the  sufferings 
of  the  first  settlers  in  California: 

[TRANSI.ATION.] 

'THEi  High  Governments  of  Spain,  being  advised  [noiicioso'ji  of  the 
*  repeated  attempts  of  a  Foreign  Nation  upon  the  Northern  Coasts 
of  California,  with  aims  nowise  favorable  to  the  Monarchy  and  its  In- 
terests, the  KING  ordered  the  Marquis  de  Croix,  his  Viceroy  and  Cap- 
tain-General in  New  Spain,  that  he  should  make  efficient  provision  to 
guard  [that]  part  of  his  Dominions  from  all  Invasion  and  Insult. 

The  Marquis  de  Croix  had  [already]  facilitated  the  Ideas  of  the 
Monarch  upon  this  matter  ;  for  before  receiving  this  order,  and  at 
the  time  of  the  Expulsion  of  the  Jesuits  from  New  Spain  he  had 
appointed  a  Political  and  Military  Governor  of  California  in  order 
that  he  should  execute  the  same  Operations  in  that  Province,  main- 
tain it  under  the  Obedience  of  the  Sovereign,  conserve  it  in  peace, 
and  give  advices  of  whatsoever  novelty  might  occur. 

Equally,  His  Excellency  had  resolved  to  send  to  said  Peninsula  In- 
telligent Persons  [Su^^etos]  who,  devoted  solely  to  reconnoiter  and 
examine  the  discovered  [part]  of  it,  should  inform  him  of  the  state 
of  its  Missions,  of  the  distribution  [dispostcton]^  quality  and 
number  of  its  natives,  their  mode  of  living  and  customs,  the  peculiar 
productions  of  that  Land,  the  na,ture  of  the  mines,  the  method  which 
was  being  followed  in  their  working  [Ladorio],  who  was  gaining  the 
benefit  of  them,  what  Settlements  of  Spaniards  or  People  of  other 

•From  the  library  of  Edwaiffl  E.  Ayer. 


EARLY    CALIFORNIA    HISTORY.  '♦87 

Castes  had  been  established,  and  finally  of  the  character  and  nature 
of  its  Coasts,  Harbors  and  Seas  ;  in  order  to  give,  in  virtue  of  these 
accounts  and  of  previous  information,  the  orders  and  measures  con- 
ducive to  the  encouragement  and  regulation  of  the  Commerce,  Mining 
Interests  and  Settlement  of  those  Countries. 

But  at  the  very  time  that  His  Excellency  recognized  the  necessity  of 
those  Reports  in  order  to  proceed  effectively  in  the  execution  of  his 
designs,  he  found  himself  undecided  in  the  difficulty  of  appointing 
Persons  in  whom  should  be  present  the  qualities  which  such  a  Com- 
mission would  require  for  its  fulfillment.  When,  under  impulse  of 
the  very  zeal  which  animated  His  Excellency,  the  burden  of  this  dif- 
ficulty was  lifted  by  the  Most  Illustrious  Senor  Don  Joseph  de  Galvez, 
who  was  designated  to  visit  [officially]  the  Province  of  Cinaloa  and 
Sonora.  He  offered  to  go  Personally  to  [the]  Californias  with  the 
desire  of  satisfying  such  lofty  Ideas  and  putting  into  execution  some 
Projects  whose  reasons  he  considered  of  the  greatest  importance. 

His  Excellency  applauded  and  accepted  the  generous  offer  of  the 
Most  Illustrious  Seiior  Galvez  ;  and  gave  him  all  his  delegated 
powers  [veces],  as  well  in  the  Military  as  in  the  Political  affairs,  to 
the  end  that,  by  himself,  according  to  the  necessity  and  happenings, 
he  might  apply  to  those  affairs  timely  measures  and  regulations. 
the  Senor  Visitador-General  arranged  his  Voyage,  and  set  forth 
from  Mexico  [city]  the  ninth  of  April,  1768. 

By  May  the  same  year  His  Illustrious  Lordship  arrived  at  the 
Port  of  San  Bias,  Dockyard  and  Settlement  newly  built  upon  the 
Coast  of  New  Galicia,  on  the  Sea  of  the  South,  where  they  had 
builded  the  Vessels  destined  for  the  Navigation  and  Commerce  of 
[with]  Sonora.  And  at  that  very  time  they  were  constructing*  other 
Ships  which  should,  according  to  the  intentions  of  this  Government, 
serve  for  the  communication  and  trade  with  California. 

Descending  to  this  Port  with  the  object  of  embarking  for  that 
Peninsula,  His  111.  Eordship  was  overtaken  by  some  parcels  of  letters 
from  Mexico,  in  which  the  Seiior  Viceroy  included  the  order  which 
he  had  recently  received  from  the  Court,  concerning  the  care  and 
vigilance  with  which  it  was  of  moment  to  watch  and  guard  the 
Western  Coasts  of  California.  His  Excellency  added  the  timely  pro- 
vision that  the  Seiior  Visitador  should  send  a  Maritime  Expedition  to 
the  famous  port  of  Monterrey. 

The  guarding  and  custody  of  the  Coasts  of  California  was  one  of 
the  objects  which  worthily  occupied  the  attention  of  the  Most  Ex- 
cellent Seiior  Marquis  de  Croix,  and  with  this  motive  he  recom- 
mended afresh  to  His  111.  lyordship  one  point  whose  importance  was 
made  manifest  in  the  respect  that  he  added  the  order  of  the  Monarch; 
leaving  to  the  prudent  judgment  of  the  Seiior  Visitador  the  appli- 
cation of  the  means  which  he  might  judge  most  timely  and  con- 
ducive to  so  laudable  an  end. 

But  before  relating  the  [means]  which  the  Most  Illustrious  Seiior 
Don  Joseph  de  Galvez  employed,  it  becomes  needful  to  say  something 
of  the  Coasts  of  California,  object  of  the  attentions  of  the  Govern- 
ment ;  and  likewise  setting  forth  the  condition  of  the  Peninsula,  and 
in  general  that  of  the  trade  [neg-ocios]  of  the  Sea  of  the  South,  at 
the  [time  of  the]  arrival  of  His  111.  I^ordshipatSanBlas;  so  as  to  give 
to  understand  the  effectiveness  of  the  measures,  his  relation  to  them 
and  to  the  few  resources  which  can  be  counted  in  so  remote  Lands. 

By  the  name  of  Exterior  or  Occidental  [Coasts]  of  California  are 
known  those  Coasts  of  North  America  which  bound  iregistrafi]  the 
Asiatic  Ocean,  or  be  it  [the]  Sea  of  the  South,  and  ramble  along  its 
waters  the  long  space  of  more  than  500  Maritime  leagues  between 
Cape  San  Lucas  in  22  degrees  and  48  minutes  [North]  Latitude,  and 
the  Rio  de  los  Reyes  in  43  degrees.     We  cite  the  Rio  de  los  Reyes,  not 


^^  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

as  the  limit  but  as  the  terminus  of  what  has  been  explored  of  these 
[coasts]  by  the  Navig-ators  of  our  Nation  ;  altho'  this  is  farther 
than  has  extended  the  [part]  conquered  and  reclaimed,  by  the  Span- 
iards, to  obedience  unto  their  August  Monarch;  whose  Dominion  is 
not  even  yet  recognized  by  all  the  Nations  [tribes]  embraced  with- 
in the  Peninsula,  if  its  throat,  or  part  by  which  it  is  united  to  the 
Continent,  be  considered  as  between  the  mouth  of  the  Rio  Colorado 
and  the  Port  of  San  Diego,  two  points  which,  with  slight  difference, 
fall  under  the  same  Parallel  of  32  degrees  and  a  half. 

The  reclaimed  [part]  of  California,  beginning  at  Cape  San  L<ucas, 
reached  only  to  thirty  degrees  and  a  half  of  [North]  Latitude.  In 
which  [stretch]  is  found  the  Mission  of  Santa  Maria,  at  a  short  dis- 
tance from  the  Bay  of  San  I^uis  Gonzaga,  a  Port  very  convenient 
and  secure,  upon  the  Sea  of  Cortes  or  California  Gulf.  But  all  this 
Stretch  was  scarcely  populated  with  other  People  than  by  its  very 
Natives  ;  a  very  few  of  them  congregated  in  the  Missions,  and  the 
rest  scattered  in  different  vagrant  Rancherias  which  recognized  the 
nearest  Mission  as  capital  town.  These  [natives] ,  whose  number  is 
pretty  limited,  except  for  their  having  been  Catechised  and  made 
Christians  maintained  in  all  else  the  same  mode  of  seeking  a  liveli- 
hood as  in  their  Gentile  state  ;  by  the  chase  and  by  fishery,  living  in 
the  hills  [or,  woods ;  fnonUs]  to  gather  the  Seeds  and  Fruits  which 
the  SJarth  offers  without  cultivation. 

The  Spanish  Folk,  and  other  Castes,  [all]  called  in  America  **  de 
razon  "  [reasoning  ;  i.  e.,  civilized],  and  established  in  the  Peninsula, 
did  not  number  400  Souls,  including  in  this  number  the  Families  of 
the  soldiers  of  the  Garrison  of  the  L<oreto,  and  those  [families]  of 
several  [persons]  who  called  themselves  Miners,  who  dwelt  in  the 
region  to  the  South.  Wherefrom  it  can  be  inferred  how  little  it 
would  be  possible  to  count  upon  the  Residents  for  the  defense  of 
these  Coasts,  and  what  facility  is  offered  to  whatsoever  Foreigners 
to  establish  themselves  thereon,  without  dread  of  finding  any  oppo- 
sition whatever.  Particularly  if  they  should  have  tried  disembark- 
ing toward  the  North,  in  the  celebrated  Ports  of  San  Diego  and 
Monterrey.  Such  an  event  would  have  brought  with  it  fatal  results  ; 
[the  foreigners]  would  have  been  able  to  take  possession  of  the  L«and 
and  fortify  themselves  in  the^said  Places,  without  its  coming — or 
with  its  coming  too  late — to  the  notice  of  the  Government,  and  the 
damage  being  discovered  when  already  irremediable. 

Upon  the  Sea  of  the  South,  in  all  that  respects  the  Coasts  of  New 
Spain,  no  other  Vessels  were  known  than  the  Packets  recently  con- 
structed in  San  Bias,  and  two  others  of  small  tonnage  which  served 
the  Missionaries — [who  were]  expelled  from  California — for  their 
communication  with  the  neighboring  and  frontier  Coasts  of  Sonora 
and  New  Galicia.  In  these  few  Ships  consisted  all  the  Maritime 
forces  which  could  have  been  opposed  to  Foreign  invasions. 

In  view,  then,  of  the  orders  under  which  His  111.  Ivordship  found  him- 
self, and  of  the  scanty  means  which  that  Province  offered  ;  equally 
recognizing  that  it  was  not  feasible  to  bring  about  a  betterment  at 
once,  he  did  not  for  [all]  this  desist  from  the  obligation  in  which  he 
found  himself.  Rather,  he  conquered  the  difficulty  by  industry,  di- 
viding the  obstacles.  He  felt  the  necessity  of  Peopling  the  explored 
part  of  California  with  useful  Folk,  capable  of  cultivating  its  lands 
and  profiting  by  the  rich  products  which  it  offers  in  Minerals,  grain  or 
other  fruits,  and  likewise  [capable]  of  taking  Arms  in  defense  of 
their  Houses  whenever  the  occasion  should  arrive.  But  as  the  Coun- 
tries comprehended  under  the  name  of  California  are  so  extensive,  as 
has  been  said,  it  was  no  less  necessary  to  advance  new  establish- 
ments as  far  as  possible  toward  the  North  ;  the  which,  joining  hands 
with  those  [establishments]  of  the  South,  they  should  be  capable  of 
mutual  support. 


EARLY    CALIFORNIA    HISTORY.  489 

No  one  is  ig-norant  of  the  repeated  and  costly  expeditions  which,  to 
realize  this  project  and  reconnoiter  the  Occidental  Coast  of  Califor- 
nia,were  made  in  the  two  last  Centuries;  and  the  effectiveness  and  suc- 
cess which  were  had  by  the  last  [expedition],  executed  in  the  year 
1602  by  the  General  Sebastian  Vizcayno,  who  managed  to  discover 
the  Ports  of  San  Dieg-o  and  Monterrey  ;  situated,  the  former,  in 
thirty-two  degrees  and  a  half  [north]  L^atitude,  and  the  latter  in 
thirty-six  [degrees]  and  forty  minutes.  From  which  result  origin- 
ated the  Royal  Cedula  of  the  Seiior  Phillip  Third,  in  which  he  gave 
orders  to  occupy  and  people  the  Port  of  Monterey,  whose  usefulness 
was  well  recognized  ever  since  that  time.  He  committed  this  im- 
portant Commission  to  the  same  Sebastian  Vizcayno.  But  although 
the  Orders  of  that  Monarch  were  given  with  such  accord,  and  con- 
ceived in  terms  which  seemed  to  level  every  difficulty  and  to  conquer 
all  impossibilities,  they  were  not  carried  into  due  effect — though  it  is 
not  possible  to  say  what  hindrances  occasioned  their  non-observance, 
tho'  Vizcayno  died  while  he  was  arranging  the  Enterprise. 

The  same  Political  motives  as  in  that  time  were  present  now — to 
despatch  the  said  Orders,  adding  the  others  which  have  been  referred 
to  ;  and  prudence  dictated  the  proper  means  which  it  was  best  to  fol- 
low, under  the  actual  circumstances,  to  gain  the  best  effectiveness. 

With  this  view.  The  Most  Illustrious  Senor  Don  Joseph  de  Galvez 
resolved,  in  a  Junta  over  which  he  presided  at  San  Bias  on  the  16th 
of  May,  1768,  there  being  present  the  Commandant  of  that  Depart- 
ment, the  Army  Officers  and  Pilots  who  chanced  to  be  there,  to  re- 
turn to  the  said  Enterprise  with  larger  preparations,  occupying  at 
once  the  Ports  of  San  Diego  and  Monterrey,  establishing  in  them  a 
garrison  and  Mission  ;  and  by  this  precaution  securing  the  Pos- 
session of  the  land  to  our  August  Sovereign  against  the  pretensions 
of  Foreign  strangers.  And  His  111.  Lordship  reserved  for  a  more  op- 
portune time  the  augmenting  those  establishments  and  giving  all  the 
solidity  that  is  fitting. 

So  the  Maritime  expedition  was  resolved  upon,  and  the  Boats  in 
which  it  was  to  be  carried  out  were  appointed,  selecting  for  this  pur- 
pose the  "  San  Carlos  "  and  the  **  San  Antonio  "  as  vessels  of  greater 
tonnage  and  resistance.  But  as  His  Most  Illustrious  L/ordship  would 
have  to  cross  to  California,  in  order  from  there  to  take  new  measures 
and  give  various  orders  for  the  same  design,  he  deferred  for  the  time 
being  the  naming  of  Officers  and  Troops  which  must  be  carried  by 
transport  along  with  the  Missionary  Fathers  who  must  be  obtained 
from  said  Peninsula. 

At  that  time  the  two  Packets  were  absent  from  San  Bias,  and  were 
supposed  to  be  navigating  on  their  way  to  the  Port,  from  which  they 
had  set  forth  in  March  of  that  same  year  with  a  transport  of  Troops 
for  the  [Port]  of  Guaymas  in  the  Province  of  Sonora.  Wherefore, 
leaving  to  the  Commandant  of  that  Departamento  the  orders  neces- 
sary to  the  prompt  dispatch  and  fitting  out  of  the  summoned  Vessels, 
His  Ivordship  embarked  for  California  on  the  24th  day  of  May  in  the 
Bilander  **  Cinaloa  ;"  and  on  the  5th  of  July  Anchored  in  the  Bay  of 
Cerralbo,  after  having  reconnoitered  personally  the  Islands  of  Isa- 
bella and  the  Marias,  and  the  Port  of  Mazatlan  on  the  Coast  of 
Cinaloa. 

Meanwhile,  everything  necessary  for  so  extensive  and  laborious  a 
Voyage  was  gathered  together.  But  altho'  the  Commandant  of  San 
Bias,  and  the  other  Persons  charged  with  this  important  affair,  went 
ahead  very  solicitous  against  all  delay,  the  slowness  of  the  Barks  in  re- 
turning to  the  Port,  by  reason  of  the  contrary  winds,  and  the  diffi- 
culty which  for  the  same  cause  they  experienced  in  their  Voyage  to 
cross  to  California,  put  the  Maritime  Expedition  notably  behind. 

Meantime,    the    Senor    Visitador-General    labored    with    tireless 


490  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

vigilance.  And  [tho']  there  was  more  than  enough  in  California  of 
affairs  of  grave  importance,  worthy  to  occupy  his  attention,  he  never 
lost  from  sight  the  projected  Enterprise  whose  successful  outcome  he 
wished  to  assure  by  as  many  avenues  as  could  be  tried,  and  by  as 
many  means  as  his  reason  could  suggest.  To  His  111.  lyordship,  the 
Maritime  Expedition  did  not  appear  sufficient  to  obtain  and  reach  the 
end  which  he  proposed.  He  considered  the  infinite  risks  and  backsets 
to  which  the  Vessels  were  exposed  in  a  navigation  [which  was]  pro- 
longed and  might  be  called  new,  by  reason  of  the  scant  information 
which  they  had  of  it ;  the  sicknesses  which  might  assail  the  Crews, 
as  frequently  in  long  Voyages  ;  and  other  inevitable  contingencies. 
From  the  which  reflections  was  born  the  resolution  to  send  by  Land 
another  Expedition,  which,  directing  itself  toward  the  same  destina- 
tions as  the  Maritime  [expedition] ,  could  lend  to  or  receive  from  the 
latter  according  to  circumstances,  such  succor  as  they  might  mutually 
need. 

To  this  end,  His  111.  Ivordship  sent  dispatches  to  all  the  Missions  of 
the  Peninsula,  charging  the  Reverend  Ministrant  Priests  of  them 
that  for  their  part  each  one  should  contribute  the  effects  which, 
without  serious  deprivation,  he  could  spare  in  [the  way  of  sacred] 
vestments  and  Sacred  Vessels  for  the  new  Missions  ;  dried  Fruits 
and  Caldos  [wine,  oil,  etc.]  for  said  Voyages ;  riding-Horses  and  a 
Mule-herd. 

The  Provisions  and  Victuals  for  the  Voyage  by  I^and  were  em- 
barked at  the  Presidio  [garrison]  of  the  Loreto,  aboard  four  Lighters, 
Manned  for  the  purpose,  to  carry  them  to  the  Bay  of  San  Luis  Gon- 
zaga,  whence  they  passed  to  the  Mission  of  Santa  Maria,  the  last 
[Mission]  and  most  advanced  toward  the  North,  [which  had  been] 
named  as  the  point  of  reunion  and  departure.  Whither  also  went, 
following  the  road,  the  Troops,  Muleteers  and  Cowboys  with  the 
Herd  of  every  sort,  which  had  to  be  taken  afoot  for  freighting  and 
to  Settle  the  projected  Establishments. 

These  Troops  were  composed  of  forty  Men  of  the  California  Com- 
pany, to  whom  were  joined  thirty  others,  Indian  volunteers  from  the 
Missions,  armed  with  bows  and  arrows.  All  were  to  have  marched 
under  the  Orders  of  the  Governor  of  the  Peninsula,  Don  Gaspar  de 
Portold ;  but  His  Lordship  found  it  more  advantageous  to  make  two 
divisions  of  them.  The  Captain  of  the  Presidio  of  the  Loreto,  Don 
Fernando  Rivera  y  Moncada,  was  to  lead  the  first  [division]  in  the 
quality  of  Scout,  with  25  men  of  his  Troop,  and  some  friendly  In- 
dians, taking  the  Cattle  Herd  ;  and  the  Governor,  Commander-in- 
Chief  of  the  Expedition,  was  to  follow  after  with  the  rest  of  the  Folk 
and  Provisions. 

The  setting  forth  of  the  first  Division,  according  to  the  arrange- 
ment given  by  His  111.  Lordship,  was  to  have  been  effected  in  the  begin- 
ning of  December  ;  but  the  roughness  of  the  Roads,  the  difficulty  of 
getting  the  Herds  together,  and  of  conducting  them  thro'  Lands 
scant  of  pasture  and  of  watering-places — as  are  those  of  the  North  of 
Antigua  [Old or  Lower]  California— considerably  retarded  the  march; 
and  the  Cattle  Herd  which  arrived  at  the  Mission  of  Santa  Maria  in 
the  beginnings  of  March,  '69,  was  totally  disabled  for  pursuing  the 
Voyage  ;  in  [such]  sort  that  it  was  indispensable  to  leave  them  in 
Velicatd  to  recuperate,  deferring  till  a  better  occasion  the  conveying 
them  [to  Upi)er  California],  as  was  carried  out  afterward. 

In  Velicata  was  founded  a  new  Doctrina*,  under  the  Advocacy  of 
San  Fernando  ;  since  this  Stopping-place,  which  is  distant  some 
twenty  leagues  from  the  Mission  of  Santa  Maria,  is  much  frequented 
by  the  Gentile  Nations  of  the  North  of  California.     In  it  was  left  the 


*  Vlllafire  or  poSt  where  Indians  were  tansrht  the  CatechiRm. 


EARLy     CALIFORNIA    HISTORY.  491 

sufficient  EJscort ;  and  from  here  the  first  Division  of  the  Expedition 
by  I^and  pursued  its  march  on  the  24th  day  of  March  of  the  said 
y^ear. 

The  second  Division  of  said  IJxpedition,  which  the  Governor  led, 
set  forth  from  this  same  stopping-place  of  Velicata  on  the  15th  of 
May,  carrying-  in  its  company  the  President  of  the  Missions  of  Cali- 
fornia, the  Most  Reverend  Father  Fray  Junfpero  Serra  ;  in  whom,  at 
an  advanced  ag-e,  neither  the  excessive  and  inseparable  hardships  of 
so  prolonged  a  Voyage,  nor  those  [hardships]  which  awaited  him  in 
his  longed-for  Apostolate  of  Monterrey,  were  enough  to  restrain  the 
ardent  zeal  of  which  he  lives  possessed  for  the  conversion  of  that  in- 
finite Heathendom  [Gentilidad]  to  the  knowledge  of  the  true  God 
and  of  His  Holy  Law  of  Grace. 

The  Packets  the  *'San  Carlos"  and  the  "Principe"  which,  ac- 
cording to  the  orders  of  His  lyordship,  were  to  touch  at  the  Port  of 
I<a  Paz,  in  Southern  [i.  e.,  Lower]  California,  in  order  to  set  out 
from  there  with  the  veteran  Troop  of  stevedores,  the  utensils.  Am- 
munition and  Victuals  for  the  new  Establishments  of  San  Diego  and 
Monterrey,  were  delayed  in  arriving  at  that  Port,  for  the  cause 
hinted  at  the  outset.  The  "San  Carlos  "  came  in  at  the  middle  of 
December  ;  and  as  it  must  have  labored  much  on  the  Sea,  striving 
with  the  winds,  they  had  racked  it,  and  some  of  the  Oakum  had 
worked  out  from  the  seams,  whence  it  came  aleak.  This  was  not  a 
hap  to  put  behind  the  back  [forget,  or  neglect],  and  it  was  judged 
indispensable  to  heel  her  over,  to  show  the  Seams  and  the  Keel — an 
operation  which  had  its  difficulty  in  a  Country  little  less  than  desti- 
tute of  whatever  was  necessary  for  the  purpose.  It  was  effected, 
nevertheless,  His  Lordship  urging  it  on  by  his  presence  and  ex- 
ample ;  and  in  less  than  IS  days  the  Vessel  took  on  all  its  cargo  ;  and 
being  ready  to  set  Sail,  the  Troops  embarked.  These  consisted  of 
25  Men  of  the  Exempt  Company  of  Volunteers  of  Catalonia,  with 
their  Lieutenant  Don  Pedro  Fages  whom  His  Lordship  had  ordered 
to  come  from  the  Army  or  Expedition  of  Sonora  ;  the  Engineer  Don 
Miguel  Constansd,  and  the  Surgeon  Don  Pedro  Prat.  There  em- 
barked also,  for  the  spiritual  care  of  all,  the  very  Reverend  Father 
Fray  Fernando  Parron,  a  Religious  of  the  College  of  Propaganda 
Fide  of  San  Fernando  in  Mexico,  who  was  to  remain  in  San  Diego  to 
found  that  Mission. 

At  this  time  news  was  had  of  the  other  Packet,  the  "  San  Anto- 
nio;" which,  finding  itself  already  very  near  the  Port,  was  driven  to 
leeward  by  a  fierce  wind  from  the  northwest,  and  saw  itself  obliged 
to  put  in  in  distress  to  Pulmo,  a  stopping  place  and  anchorage  which 
has  some  shelter  from  said  wind,  on  the  South  Coast  of  the  Penin- 
sula ;  whence  its  Captain,  Don  Juan  Perez,  sent  advices  of  this  hap- 
pening. His  Lordship  then  mistrusted  that  if  the  Norwesters  kept 
up  their  force  it  would  not  fall  off  more  to  the  leeward  if  his  Pilots 
should  try  to  gain  the  Port.  In  mindfulness  whereof,  he  dispatched 
an  order  to  said  Captain  to  cross  to  the  Bay  of  San  Bernab^,  situated 
on  the  Cape  of  San  Lucas,  upon  this  same  Coast,  and  in  the  most 
Southerly  part  of  the  Peninsula,  whither  His  Lordship  resolved  to 
transfer  himself  in  the  Packet  "  La  Concepcion." 

The  "Concepcion"  and  the  "  San  Carlos"  put  to  Sea  at  the  same 
time  from  the  Port  of  La  Paz,  on  the  10th  of  January  of  1769.  They 
navigated  in  company  until  the  14th  of  the  same  [month] ,  on  which 
day  they  entered  and  anchored  in  the  Bay  of  San  Bernab^.  But  as 
the  "San  Antonio"  had  not  yet  arrived,  His  Lordship  resolved  to 
send  the  "  San  Carlos"  on  ahead  ;  and  on  the  following  day,  in  the 
afternoon,  this  Packet  weighed  its  anchors  and  set  Sail  for  San 
Diego. 

The  "  San  Antonio"  arrived  at  the  designated  Bay  of  San  Bernab^ 


492  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

in  the  latter  part  [en  fines]  of  January;  and  although  it  was  in  no 
distress,  the  Senor  Visitador  resolved  to  g"ive  it  also  a  careening  to 
go  over  its  seams.  And  having  been  fixed  up  like  the  **San  Carlos," 
it  put  to  Sea  with  the  same  destination  on  the  15th  of  February. 

The  navigation  of  the  Outer  [i.e.,  ocean]  Coast  of  California  has 
an  inseparable  difficulty  in  the  constancy  of  the  North  and  North- 
west winds,  which  last  through  all  the  year  with  little  interruption, 
and  are  directly  opposed  to  the  Voyage,  since  the  Coast  finds  itself 
trending  from  Northwest  to  Southeast  ;  which  obliges  every  Vessel 
to  retire  from  it  [the  coast]  and  run  out  to  sea  until  it  encounters 
winds  more  variable  and  propitious  ;  with  the  which,  running  up  as 
far  to  the  North  as  they  need,  they  can  stand  in  to  windward  of  the 
Port  to  which  they  are  bound. 

On  this  presumption,  and  with  orders  to  follow  the  method  indi- 
cated, the  two  Packets  made  their  Voyage  to  the  Port  of  San  Diego, 
tho'  with  different  fortunes.  For  the  ''San  Carlos"  experienced 
such  contrariety  of  winds  and  calms,  that  finding  itself  driven  to  sea 
more  than  200  leagues  from  the  Coast,  and  short  of  water,  it  had  to 
stand  in  to  it  [the  coast]  to  seek  for  it  [water] .  It  did  so  on  the 
Island  of  Cerros  [misprint  for  Cedros]  with  great  difficulty  and  hard- 
ship, the  Bark  keeping  under  Sail,  tacking  between  the  Terra  Firma 
and  the  Island,  which  [latter]  has  no  shelter  nor  anchorage  whatever 
where  an  anchor  could  be  dropped  without  risk  of  losing  it  on  ac- 
count of  the  bad  nature  of  the  bottom. 

Having  concluded  its  taking-on  water,  it  put  to  sea  on  the  26th  of 
March  ;  and  on  the  29th  day  of  April  entered  the  Port  of  San  Diego, 
110  days  out  from  that  of  La  Paz.  But  its  Crew,  and  the  Troops  it 
transported — whose  hardships  in  so  protracted  and  painful  a  Voyage, 
and  in  the  rawest  of  the  Winter,  could  not  fail  to  be  excessive — 
arrived  in  a  deplorable  state.  The  Scurvy  had  infected  all  without 
exception  ;  in  such  sort  that  on  entering  San  Diego,  already  two  men 
had  died  of  the  said  sickness  ;  most  of  the  Seamen,  and  half  of 
the  troops,  found  themselves  prostrate  in  their  Beds  ;  only  four  Mari- 
ners remained  on  their  feet,  and  attended — aided  by  the  Troops — to 
trimming  and  furling  the  Sails  and  other  working  of  the  ship. 

The  Packet  "  San  Antonio,"  altho'  it  had  put  forth  one  month  after 
the  "San  Carlos,"  had  the  fortune  to  finish  the  Voyage  in  59  days, 
and  had  been  lying  in  said  Port  of  San  Diego  since  the  11th  of  April. 
But  it  had  the  half  of  its  Crew  equally  affected  by  Scurvy,  of  which 
illness  two  Men  had  likewise  died.  Amid  so  much  sickness,  all  took 
it  for  a  great  felicity  to  be  reunited  ;  and  with  common  accord,  after 
the  "San  Carlos"  had  tied  up  in  a  convenient  berth,  the  officers  re- 
solved to  attend  to  the  prompt  alleviation  of  the  Sick. 

The  first  assiduity  was  to  seek  a  watering-place  whence  to  supply 
and  fill  the  Barrels  with  good  water  for  the  use  of  the  People.  For 
which  purpose,  on  the  first  day  of  May,  there  disembarked  the  Ofli- 
cers  Don  Padro  Fages,  Don  Miguel  Costans6,  and  the  second  Captain 
of  the  "San  Carlos,"  Don  Gorge  Estorace,  with  the  Troops  and 
Mariners  who  found  themselves  in  better  shape  \con  mas  actitud']  for 
fatigue-duty,  to  the  number  of  twenty-five  Men.  And  following  the 
West  Shore  of  the  Port,  they  discovered  at  little  distance  a  Troop  of 
Indians  armed  with  bows  and  arrows ;  to  whom  they  made  signs  with 
white  cloths  calling  them  to  a  parley  \para  tomar  lengua^  literally 
to  take  tongue] .  But  they,  setting  their  step  by  that  of  our  Folk,  for 
more  than  half  an  hour,  did  not  permit  them  to  come  up;  nor  was  it 
possible,  either,  for  our  [men]  to  make  greater  speed,  for  they  were 
weak,  and  after  so  long  navigation  had  as  it  were  lost  the  use  of 
their  legs.  These  Indians  stopped  every  little  while  upon  some 
height,  watching  our  Folk,  and  evidencing  the  fear  which  the  For- 
eigners caused  them  by  the  very  thing  they  did  to  hide  it.    They 


EARLY    CALIFORNIA    HISTORY.  493 

thrust  one  point  of  their  bows  down  in  the  soil,  and  gra.spmg ii[azien- 
dolo,  for  asiendolo]  by  the  other  extremity  they  danced  and  whirled 
about  with  unspeakable  velocity;  but  soon  as  they  saw  our  Folk 
near,  they  again  withdrew  themselves  with  the  same  lightfooted- 
ness.  At  last  it  was  contrived  to  attract  them  by  sending  toward 
them  one  Soldier,  who,  depositing  his  Arms  on  the  Barth,  and  using 
gestures  and  signs  of  Peace,  they  consented  to  let  him  draw  nigh. 
He  distributed  to  them  some  gifts  while  the  rest  were  coming  up, 
who  finished  assuring  these  Gentiles  with  some  more  considerable 
presents  of  Ribbons,  Glass  Beads  and  Baubles  [^Buguerias  for  bu- 
jerias\.  They  asked  them  by  signs  where  was  the  watering-place; 
and  they,  pointing  toward  a  Grove  which  was  descried  in  the  distance 
to  the  Northeast,  gave  to  understand  that  within  it  ran  some  River 
or  Arroyo,  and  to  follow  on,  that  they  would  take  them  to  it. 

They  went  a  matter  of  three  leagues,  until  they  arrived  on  the 
banks  of  a  River  hemmed  in  on  either  bank  by  a  Fringe  \_ceja.,  liter- 
ally eyebrow]  of  Willows  and  Cottonwoods,  very  leafy.  Its  channel 
must  have  been  20  varas*  wide,  and  it  discharges  into  an  Kstuary 
which  at  high  tide  could  admit  the  I^aunch,  and  made  it  convenient 
for  accomplishing  the  taking  on  of  water.  Within  the  grove  was  a 
variety  of  Shrubs  and  odoriferous  Plants,  as  the  Rosemary,  the 
Salvia,  Roses  of  Castile,  and  above  all  a  quantity  of  Wild  Grape  vines  > 
which  at  the  time  were  in  flower.  The  Country  was  of  joyous  as- 
pect, and  the  I^ands  contiguous  to  the  River  appeared  of  excellent 
friableness  \migajon,  lit.  crumbs],  and  capable  of  producing  every 
species  of  fruits.  The  River  came  down  from  some  very  high  Sierras 
thro'  a  spacious  Canada  which  was  penetrated  by  a  bend  from  the 
Bast  and  Northeast.  At  a  gunshot  aside  from  it,  and  outside  the 
wood  [Monte'l ,  was  discovered  a  Pueblo  or  Rancheria  of  the  same 
Gentiles  who  were  guiding  our  [people].  [It  was]  composed  of  vari- 
ous enrafnadas  [shelters  of  boughs]  and  of  Huts  {^Chozas^  of  a  pyra- 
midal shape  covered  with  EJarth.  On  sighting  their  Companions 
with  the  Committee  they  were  escorting,  all  came  out  to  receive 
them.  Men,  Women  and  Children,  proffering  their  House  to  the 
Guests.  The  women  came  in  decent  ihonesto^i  garb,  covered  from 
waist  to  knee  with  close-woven  [iupidas]  and  doubled  nets.  The 
Spaniards  arrived  at  the  Pueblo,  which  must  have  consisted  of  30  or 
40  families;  and  at  one  side  of  it  an  Enclosure  stood  guard,  made  of 
branches  and  trunks  of  trees.  In  this  they  gave  to  understand  that 
they  took  refuge  to  defend  themselves  from  their  Enemies  when  they 
saw  themselves  attacked;  a  fortification  inexpugnable  to  the  arms  in 
use  among  them. 

These  Natives  are  of  good  figure,  well-built  and  agile.  They  go 
naked  without  more  clothing  than  a  girdle  of  ixtle,  or  very  fine 
maguey  fiber,  woven  in  the  form  of  a  net.  They  get  out  this  [thread] 
from  a  plant  called  lyechuguilla.  Their  quivers,  which  they  bind  in 
between  the  girdle  and  the  body,  are  of  skins  of  Wild  Cat,  Coyote, 
Wolf  or  Buck,  and  their  bows  are  two  varas  [66  inches]  long.  Be- 
sides these  arms,  they  use  a  species  of  war  club  [niacana]  of  very 
hard  wood,  whose  form  is  like  that  of  a  short  and  curved  cutlass,, 
which  they  fling  edgewise  iarrojan  de  canto]  and  it  cleaves  the  air 
with  much  violence.  They  hurl  it  to  a  greater  distance  than  a  stone. 
Without  it  they  never  go  forth,  to  the  Field;  and  if  they  see  a  Viper 
[rattlesnake]  or  other  noxious  Animal,  they  throw  the  macana  at  it 
and  commonly  sever  it  half  from  half.  According  to  the  experience 
afterward  in  the  continual  intercourse  which  our  Spaniards  had  with 
them,  they  are  of  haughty  temper,  daring,  covetous,  great  jesters 
and  braggarts;  altho'  of  little  valor,  they  make  great  boast  of  their 
powers,  and  hold  the  most  vigorous  for  most  valiant.     They  greatly 

*A  vara  is  33  inches. 


494  LAND    OF   SUNSHINE. 

crave  [  perecen^  lit.  perish  for]  whatsoever  rag;  but  when  [we]  have 
clothed  different  ones  of  them  on  repeated  occasions,  they  would  pre- 
sent themselves  the  following-  day  stark  naked  \_en  cueros\ . 

There  are  in  the  Ivand  Deer,  Antelopes,  many  Hares,  Rabbits, 
Squirrels,  Wild  Cats  and  Rats.  The  ring--necked  Turtle-doves 
abound;  [also]  the  Quails,  Calendar-Larks,  Mocking-Birds,  Thrushes, 
Cardinals,  and  Humming-Birds  [Chupamirtos^,  Jackdaws,  Crows 
and  Sparrow-Hawks,  Pelicans  {Alcatrazes^,  Gulls,  Divers  \_Bu20s] 
and  other  maritime  Birds  of  prey.  There  is  no  lack  of  Ducks 
nor  of  Geese,  of  different  builds  and  sizes.  There  is  variety 
of  Fishes.  The  best  are  the  Lenguado  and  the  SoUa,*  which 
besides  being  of  delicate  taste,  are  of  extraordinary  size  and 
weigh  from  15  to  20  pounds.  In  the  months  of  July  and  August  one 
can  catch  as  much  Bonito  as  one  wishes.  During  all  the  year  there 
are  Halibut,  Burgaos,  Horse-Mackerel,  Dogfish,  Rays,  Mussels  and 
Cockles  of  all  species.  In  the  months  of  Winter,  the  Sardine  runs 
in  as  great  abundance  as  on  the  Coasts  of  Galicia  and  Ayamonte. 
The  principal  sustenance  of  the  Indians  that  inhabit  the  Riviera  of 
this  Port  is  Fish.  They  eat  much  cockles,  for  the  greater  facility 
they  have  in  catching  them.  They  use  Balsasf  of  Rushes,  which  they 
manage  dexterously  with  a  Paddle  or  oar  of  two  blades.  Their  har- 
poons are  of  some  varas  in  length;  the  point  is  of  bone,  very  much 
sharpened,  inserted  in  the  [shaft  of  ]  wood.  They  are  so  dexterous  in 
hurling  this  that  most  rarely  do  they  miss  their  aim. 

Having  reconnoitered  the  watering  place,  the  Spaniards  betook 
themselves  back  on  board  the  Vessels.  And  as  these  were  found  to 
be  very  far  away  from  the  Estuary  in  which  the  River  discharges, 
their  Captains  Don  Vicente  Vila  and  Don  Juan  Perez  resolved  to  ap- 
proach it  as  closely  as  they  could,  in  order  to  give  less  work  to  the 
People  in  the  handling  of  the  Launches.  These  labors  were  accom- 
plished with  satiety  of  hardship;  for  from  one  day  to  the  next  the 
number  of  the  Sick  kept  increasing,  along  with  the  dying  of  the  most 
aggravated  [cases] ,  and  augmented  the  fatigue  of  the  few  who  re- 
mained on  their  feet. 

Immediate  to  the  Beach,  on  the  side  toward  the  East,  a  scanty  en- 
closure {reciiito^  was  constructed,  formed  of  a  parapet  of  earth  and 
fascines,  which  was  garnished  with  two  Cannons.:}:  They  disem- 
barked some  sails  and  awnings  from  the  Packets,  with  which  they 
made  two  Tents,  capacious  [enough]  for  a  Hospital.  At  one  side  the 
two  Officers,  the  Missionary  Fathers  and  the  Surgeon  put  their  own 
[tents].  And  everything  being  found  in  a  state  to  receive  the  Sick, 
they  were  brought  from  on  shipboard  in  the  Launches  and  accom- 
modated in  the  Tents  the  best  that  could  be  done. 

But  these  diligences  were  not  enough  to  procure  them  health.  They 
already  lacked  the  Medicines  and  diet,  nearly  all  of  which  had  been 
consumed  during  the  Navigation.  The  Surgeon,  Don  Pedro  Prat, 
supplied  in  what  manner  was  possible  this  lack  with  some  herbs 
which  he  sought  in  the  Fields  with  a  thousand  anxieties.  Of  the 
virtues  of  which  , [herbs]  he  had  knowledge,  and  he  himself  was  in 
as  sore  need  of  them  as  were  the  Sick,  since  he  found  himself  little 
less  than  prostrated  with  the  same  affliction  as  they.  The  cold  made 
itself  felt  with  rigor  at  night  in  the  Barracks,  and  the  Sun  [made 
itself  felt]  by  day — alternations  which  made  the  Sick  suffer  cruelly, 
two  or  three  of  them  dying  every  day.  And  this  whole  Expedition, 
which  had  been  composed  of  more  than  ninety  Men  saw  itself  re- 
duced to  only  Eight  Soldiers  and  as  many  Mariners  in  a  state  to  at- 

*Both  leuiruado  and  solla  mean  sole. 

^Rafts.    See  photo.,  p.  367,  May  number. 

$For  photo,  of  one  of  these  cannons  see  p.  113,  Feb.  number. 


EARLY    CALIFORNIA    HISTORY.  495 

tend  to  the  safeg-uarding-  of  the  Barks,  the  working-  of  the  L<aunches, 
Custody  of  the  Camp  and  service  of  the  Sick. 

There  was  no  news  whatsoever  of  the  EJxpedition  by  Ivand.  The 
neighborhood  of  the  Port  had  been  searched,  looking-  for  tracks  of  a 
horseherd,  but  none  were  discovered;  and  it  was  not  known  what  to 
think  of  this  delay.  But  on  the  fourteenth  day  of  May  the  Indians 
gave  notice  to  some  Soldiers  who  were  on  the  Beach  that  from  the 
direction  of  the  South  from  the  Port  some  Men  were  coming.  Armed 
as  they ;  and  explained  very  well  by  signs  that  they  were  coming 
mounted  on  Horses.  All  were  joyous  at  this  news,  which  was  veri- 
fied from  there  in  a  little,  sighting  the  People  and  the  Pack-Train  of 
the  first  Division  of  the  Expedition  by  lyand.  They  saluted  mutually 
with  festive  Salvos  from  their  Weapons;  later  explaining  with  arms 
and  voices  their  content — which  was  equal  on  both  sides,  since  all 
hoped  to  find  from  the  others  relief  in  their  necessities.  The  Folk 
by  lyand  came  all  without  having  lost  one  Man,  and  without  bring- 
ing one  sick  one,  after  a  march  of  two  Months ;  but  on  half  Ra- 
tions, and  with  no  more  Provisions  than  three  Sacks  of  Flour,  of 
which  they  were  issuing  as  the  entire  daily  Ration  two  Tortillas*  to 
each  individual. 

They  rested  that  day  close  to  the  Camp  of  the  Sick.  They  were 
furnished  with  food  with  which  to  repair  their  strength;  and  the  Offi- 
cers agreed  upon  transferring  the  I^odging  to  near  the  River — which 
had  not  been  done  before  because  it  had  not  seemed  fit  to  divide  the 
small  forces  with  which  they  found  themselves  employed  at  the 
guarding  of  the  Barks  and  of  the  Folk  lodged  on  L<and;  bearing  in 
mind  also  the  greater  convenience  and  shortness  of  the  Transporta- 
tion, so  as  not  to  fatigue  excessively  those  who  worked  the  I^aunch, 
and  [because]  the  lack  of  Beasts  of  burden  compelled  them  to  carry 
on  their  [own]  backs  whatever  was  landed  on  the  Beach. 

All  were  removed  to  the  new  Camp,  which  was  transferred  one 
league  further  North,  on  the  right  [side]  of  the  River,  upon  a  Hill 
of  middling  height.  Where  they  set  themselves  to  attending  the 
Sick  with  greater  care  ;  for  the  Surgeon,  Don  Pedro  Prat,  did  not 
leave  them  an  instant,  and  ministered  with  the  utmost  loving-kind- 
ness. But  seeing  that  he  did  not  succeed  in  any  betterment  of  them, 
and  that  it  would  come  to  a  point  where  for  lack  of  Mariners  the  two 
Packets  would  firid  it  impossible  to  put  forth  from  the  Port,  there  was 
serious  thought  of  despatching  one  of  the  [Packets]  to  San  Bias  with 
Parcels  ypliegos]  to  inform  the  Most  Excellent  Sir  Viceroy  and  the 
Most  Illustrious  Visitador  General  of  the  state  of  both  Expeditions. 

Don  Juan  Perez,  Captain  of  the  "Principe,"  was  appointed  for 
this  purpose,  Don  Vicente  Vila  resolving  to  remain  in  San  Diego 
until  receipt  of  new  Orders  and  the  reinforcement  [socorro^  of  Peojjle 
he  needed  to  carry  out  that  which  his  Superiors  might  determine. 

The  Packet  discharged  her  cargo;  part  of  the  goods  were  trans- 
ported to  the  Camp,  the  rest  were  transshipped  to  the  "  San  Carlos." 
She  was  rigged  out;  and  when  sh^was  already  prepared  to  set  Sail, 
the  Governor  Don  Gaspar  de  Portola  arrived  with  the  second  division 
of  the  Expedition  under  his  command,  on  the  29th  day  of  June. 

He  informed  himself  promptly  of  the  state  of  affairs  at  San 
Diego;  and,  desirous  that  the  Expedition  by  Sea  should  be  carried 
out  in  its  full  effect,  he  proposed  to  Don  Vicente  Vila  to  give  him 
[Vila]  sixteen  Men  from  his  command  to  pursue  his  Voyage  to  Mon- 
terrey. But  as  among  them  there  was  not  one  that  was  a  Mariner, 
Vila  could  not  accept  his  offer.  Particularly  as  he  had  lost  all  his 
ship's  Officers,  Boatswain,  Storekeeper  and  Coxswain  of  the  L/aunch, 
and  could  not  put  his  hand  on  anyone  to  replace  them. 

And  the  Governor,  considering  that  the  unexpected  mishaps  of  the 
Barks  did  not  excuse  him  from  pursuing  his  Voyage  to  Monterrey  by 

*Paiicakes. 


^96  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

I^and,  seeing-  that  all  they  of  his  Troop  and  the  rest  of  his  Retinue 
found  themselves  well,  and  that  he  brought  in  his  division  163  Mules 
laden  with  Provisions;  counting  likewise  upon  the  succor  of  Food 
that  the  appointed  Packet  "San  Joseph"  was  to  bring — which  ac- 
cording to  the  arrangements  and  advices  of  the  Most  Illustrious 
Senor  Visitador  General  ought  to  be  presumed  to  be  [already]  navi- 
gating toward  the  same  destination — he  determined  to  continue  his 
march  in  search  of  that  Port  without  waiting  for  the  season  to  get 
too  far  advanced,  in  order  not  to  expose  themselves  to  having  the 
Snows  close  the  Sierra  passes  which  might  be  on  the  way.  For 
already  it  was  known  by  the  experience  of  that  year  that  it  snowed 
much  even  at  San  Diego,  whose  Sierras  those  who  had  come  by  Sea 
saw  snow-covered  at  their  arrival  in  April  of  the  same  [year] . 

In  this  understanding  the  Governor  accelerated  his  arrangements, 
and  proposed  to  the  two  army  ofl&cers  Don  Pedro  Fages  and  Don  Miguel 
Costans6  to  follow  in  his  company,  with  the  Soldiers  who  might  find 
themselves  in  a  state  to  do  so  properly — who  at  this  time  were  six. 
The  said  officers  embraced  his  offer.  And  after  having  sent  off  a 
report  to  the  Most  Excellent  Senor  Viceroy  and  to  the  most  Illus- 
trious Senor  Visitador  General  as  to  all  that  had  thus  far  befallen 
and  was  planned  [to  be  done],  the  Packet  '*  San  Antonio"  set  Sail 
with  the  Parcels  [of  letters]  on  the  ninth  day  of  June,  with  only 
eight  Men  for  a  Crew. 

In  San  Diego  was  left  such  Escort  as  seemed  sufficient  for  the  Cus- 
tody of  the  Mission  and  of  the  Sick,  with  the  Surgeon  Don  Pedro 
Prat,  that  he  might  continue  to  minister  to  them.  There  was  also 
left  a  competent  number  of  Horse-herd  and  Mule-herd  for  the  service 
of  all,  and  the  Reverend  Fathers  Fray  Junipero  Serra,  Fray  Juan 
Vizcayno  and  Fray  Fernando  Parron  remained  behind  with  the  object 
of  establishing  that  new  Doctrina*  ;  altho'  the  first  [Serra] ,  obliged 
by  the  weariness  and  hardships  he  had  passed,  to  suspend  his  march, 
remained  to  await  a  Vessel  in  which  to  pass  to  Monterrey,  which 
destination  he  had  chosen.  And  the  Reverend  Fathers  Fray  Juan 
Crespi  and  Fray  Juan  Gomez  followed  the  expedition  in  its  Voyage. 
The  setting-forth  was  on  the  14th  of  June  of  the  cited  year  of  '69. 
The  two  Divisions  of  the  Expedition  by  L/and  marched  in  one  ;  the 
Commander  so  arranging  because  the  number  of  the  Horse-herd  and 
packs  was  much — since  of  Provisions  and  Victuals  alone  they  carried 
100  [packs],  which  he  estimated  to  be  necessary  to  ration  all  the  Folk 
during  six  months  ;  thus  providing  against  a  delay  of  the  Packets, 
altho'  it  was  held  to  be  impossible  that  in  this  interval  some  one  of 
them  should  fail  to  arrive  at  Monterrey. 

On  the  marches  the  following  Order  was  observed  :  At  the  head 
went  the  Commandant  with  the  Officers,  the  six  Men  of  the  Cata- 
lonia Volunteers,  who  added  themselves  at  San  Diego,  and  some 
Friendly  Indians,  with  spades,  mattocks,  crowbars,  axes  and  other 
implements  of  Pioneers,  to  chop  and  open  a  passage  whenever  neces- 
sary. After  [them]  followed  the  Pack-train,  divided  into  four  Bands 
[Alaj'os],  with  their  Muleteers  [//arrieros]  and  a  competent  numt)er 
of  Garrison  Soldiers  for  their  Escort  with  each  [band].  In  the  Rear- 
guard, with  the  rest  of  the  Troops  and  Friendly  Indians,  came  the 
Captain  Don  Fernando  Rivera,  convoying  the  Horse-herd  and  the 
Mule-herd  for  relays. 

*  A  aettlemciit  for  the  conversion  of  the  Indiauf*. 

[TO  BB  CONCI^UDRD.] 


Now    A  Conspiracy  of  Silence" 

MORE  than  Macaulayan  "flash  of  silence"  having  befallen 
the  Selig-man  "committee  "  from  the  time  these  pages  turned 
the  light  on  a  typical  few  of  their  devious  methods,  there 
seems  to  be  nothing  for  it  but  to  let  the  gentlemen  drop — or 
keep  dropping.  They  are  accused  of  ex-parte  procedure,  of  false 
pretenses,  of  using  alleged  copies  of  stolen  confidential  letters  with- 
out knowing,  caring,  or  making  the  remotest  effort  to  learn,  if  the 
"copies"  were  true  or  forged — and  a  few  other  things.  These 
charges  remain  unanswered.  There  is  not  a  whisper  from  them  so 
far  as  I  can  learn.  The  only  token  I  have  of  the  other  side  is  from  a 
maiden  lady  in  Massachusetts,  who  cancels  her  subscription  because 
of  our  "  unkind  attitude  "  to  Eastern  condescenscion. 

To  clear  the  decks  then,  and  be  done  with  an  affair  which  grows 
tiresome,  it  remains  only  to  deal  curtly  with  the  belated  outgiving  of 
two  of  the  three  principals  to  the  original  conspiracy — an  astounding 
deliverance  in  the  N.  Y.  Independent  of  March  7.  This  article,  writ- 
ten by  his  bosom  friend,  Mr.  K.  I^.  Adams,  submitted  to  and  indorsed 
by  Prof.  Ross,  throws  a  new  and  official  light  upon  the  whole  matter. 
In  January  the  Independent  wired  me  for  a  statement  of  the  "  Stan- 
ford trouble."  My  presentation  of  the  facts  was  printed  February 
7.  Mr.  Adams,  unsolicited,  wrote  a  "reply,"  and  Prof.  Ross  in- 
dorsed it. 

The  gentlemen  think  I  have  "  fallen  into  errors  of  fact ;"  but 
promptly  manage  to  absolve  me  from  need  of  discussing  that  matter 
with  them.  Their  allegations  of  fact  may  be  judged  with  and  by 
the  taste  and  morals  they  discover  in  their  joint  outgiving.  In  a 
word,  having  been  given  the  rope,  they  put  it  to  the  proverbial  use. 

They  disclaim  responsibility  for  the  illustrations  of  Honest  Dollars 
— and  though  that  precious  work  is  now  "going  on"  S  years  old,  I 
believe  this  is  the  first  disclaimer — but  Mr.  Adams  recollects,  and 
Prof.  Ross  indorses,  that  the  text  was  "rigidly  scientific,"  "a  calm 
and  scholarly  argument  such  as  appeared  in  the  high -class  reviews  of 
that  day." 

Possibly  the  gentlemen  relied  overmuch  on  the  excessive  rarity  of 
the  work.  When  they  wrote,  there  was  not  one  apparent  chance  in 
50,000  that  their  readers  would  be  able  to  confront  them  with  the 
documents.  But  scarce  as  it  is,  I  own  a  copy  of  Honest  Dollars,  and 
a  fortnight  or  so  after  their  "reply"  (though  in  blissful  ignorance 
thereof)  I  printed  in  these  pages  enough  extracts  in  text  and  photo- 
graphic facsimile  to  settle  both  gentlemen  forever  as  witnesses  to 
what  is  "rigidly  scientific,  calm  and  scholarly  argument."  See  pp. 
325-328,  April  number,  this  magazine. 

But  it  is  with  the  Adams-Ross  confession  of  ethics — and  incident- 
ally the  ethics  adopted  by  their  apologists — that  we  are  most  con- 
cerned. Mr.  Adams  denies  with  heat — and  Prof.  Ross  indorses  him 
— that  Prof.  Ross  ever  said  anything  derogatory  to  Senator  Stan- 
ford's money  as  long  as  he  could  get  any  of  it.  They  agree  that 
Prof.  Ross  has  "too  good  taste"  to  do  such  a  thing.  But  now  that 
the  salary  is  off,  Mr.  Adams  states  (and  Prof.  Ross  agrees)  that  the 
Stanford  millions  were  dishonest ;  but  that  the  public  would  have 
forgotten  this  "  fact "  if  Prof.  Ross  had  not  been  forcibly  weaned 
from  that  corrupt  breast.  Both  gentlemen  deem  it  a  pity  that 
the  public  was  not  allowed  to  forget.  The  money  -vyas  "  a  crime  ;  " 
but  it  was  all  right  so  long  as  Prof.  Ross  could  compound  it — which 
he  did  for  eight  years,  and  until  the  last  day  he  could.  I  believe  his 
salary  was  paid  him  up  to  July  31,  1901,  tho'  he  was  dismissed  in 
Nov. ,  1900.  If  this  be  so,  he  not  only  took  this  naughty  money  for  eight 
years  at  work,  but  for  eight  months  in  which  he  did  not  pretend  to 


498  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

render  any  equivalent,  but  was  with  his  bosom  friends  doing-  his 
little  utmost  to  injure  the  University.  It  is  only  when  he  is  dis- 
charged that  we  learn  authoritatively  from  him  that  his  salary  all 
these  years  was  shapen  in  iniquity  and  in  sin  conceived.  As  Mr. 
Adams  delicately  puts  it  (and  Prof.  Ross  concurs),  Prof.  Ross  parti- 
cipated in  "  What  he  could  not  defend  but  did  not  wish  to  condemn" 
— so  long-  as  he  could  draw  a  salary  out  of  it.  The  most  astounding- 
feature  of  the  whole  shameful  affair  has  been  the  fact  that  not 
merely  the  rabble  but  the  Eastern  authorities  to  whom  we  habitually 
look  up — grave  reviews  and  the  "better"  of  the  religious  press — 
have  swallowed  and  indorsed  without  a  qualm  such  g-ross  lack  of 
morals  as  has  marked  the  entire  prosecution.  They  have  seen  no 
harm  in  pimping  a  livelihood  —  drawing  a  salary  its  recipient  be- 
lieved (or  now  says  he  believed)  to  be  the  wages  of  shame.  They 
see  no  fault  in  his  "delicacy"  about  discussing  the  uncleanliness  of 
his  wage  so  long  as  he  could  get  it,  and  of  impeaching  the  chastity 
of  his  feeder  as  soon  as  she  turned  him  adrift.  To  them  it  is  quite 
impeccable  that  an  illegitimate  "  committee"  should  adjudicate  the 
case  ex-parte,  ignorantly,  under  false  pretenses,  and  in  violation  of 
confidence  as  well  as  of  the  scientific  method.  It  is  all  one  to  them 
that  this  impudent  and  self-begotten  tribunal  "railroaded"  a 
public  verdict  without  the  slightest  honest  attempt  to  learn  the  facts. 
They  no  longer  dare  defend  Prof.  Ross.  They  are  not  trying  to  get 
him  a  University  berth  in  the  East — as  I  prayed  them  to  do  in  com- 
mon manhood.  They  know,  now,  that  he  was  not  professorial  timber, 
despite  his  many  fine  qualities.  They  know  he  ought  to  have  been 
discharged  ;  but  not  one,  so  far  as  I  know,  has  had  the  manhood  to 
retract  its  unsubstantiated  abuse  of  the  institution  for  discharging 
him.     It  is  Western,  and  it  has  too  much  money.     Down  with  it  ! 

There  could  be  no  stronger  proof  of  my  contention  that  the  whole 
Eastern  campaign  against  Stanford  was  provincial,  sectional, 
"  tenderfoot,"  than  these  unimpeachable  facts.  The  condescending 
Easterner  forgets  even  his  code  of  ethics — which  we  Westerners 
learned  in  precisely  the  same  cradle,  and  have  not  forgotten — in  his 
blind  if  unrealized  hostility  to  the  West.  A  dear  New  York  friend 
of  world-wide  reputation  writes  me  that  he  believes  I  am  mistaken — 
that  the  East  has  no  "hostility"  to  the  West,  only  "a  rather  con- 
temptuous indifference."  Even  that — and  I  think  the  Easterner 
does  not  know  how  strong  his  feeling  is — even  that  is  ignorant 
enough  ;  and,  to  the  traveled  Westerner,  pitiful  enough.  Broadly 
speaking,  the  West  knows  the  East  even  better  than  its  ineradicables 
do,  since  it  was  born  and  bred  there  and  has  since  acquired  standards 
of  comparison  ;  the  East  knows  the  East,  and  that  only  provincially. 

I  hold  no  brief  for  the  Stanford  millions  or  any  other ;  but  when 
Mr.  Adams  and  Prof.  Ross  now  besmirch  that  fortune  by  which  both 
wer«  glad  to  benefit,  they  rehearse  the  argument  of  the  sandlotter, 
not  of  the  historical  student.  The  Central  Pacific  "deal"  was  in- 
deed full  enough  of  rascality.  The  sandlotter  called  "  thieves"  not 
only  the  promoters  of  the  road  but  the  government  of  the  U.  S. 
which  validated  the  scheme.  So  do  some  newspaper  hack  writers 
still.  But  the  student  discriminates.  I  believe  that  no  competent 
authority  holds  that  Senator  Stanford  was  an  accomplice  in  the 
sharp  practice  of  his  sharper  partners.  He  was  a  quiet,  slow,  single- 
hearted  man,  who  seems  to  have  been  imposed  upon  as  thoroughly  as 
was  the  President,  the  Cabinet,  Congress  and  the  nation  at  large. 
Maybe  he  ought  not  to  have  been  fooled — neither  ought  they. 
Whether  this  be  true  or  not,  everyone  knows  that  he  was  radically 
different  from  his  associates.  He  was  the  only  man  of  the  railroad 
kings  human  enough  to  love  his  family  to  idolatry.  He  was  the  only 
one  of  them  who  made  a  noble  use  of  the  money  that  poured  in  on 
him.     He  was  the  only  one  of  them  who  was  beloved  and  trusted  by 


NOW    "A    CONSPIRACY    OF    SILENCE."  499 

their  underlings.  Even  to  people  who  learn  history  with  their  ears — 
as  Prof.  Ross  has  a  habit  to  do — this  was  dramatically  shown  in  the 
g-reat  railroad  strikes  of  seven  years  ago.  When  all  the  officers  and 
all  the  owners  of  the  Pacific  lines,  and  all  the  authority  of  the  State 
of  California  and  the  National  government  were  unable  to  turn  a 
wheel  in  this  thousand  miles  ;  when  only  one  big  daily  newspaper  in 
the  State  dared  oppose  the  murder  of  the  troops  trying  to  maintain 
order,  and  of  the  engineers  who  tried  to  take  out  trains,  and  of  the 
innocent  passengers  who  ventured  to  try  to  get  home  on  them  ;  when 
Mr.  Adams's  editorials  were  not  for  the  conservation  of  the  law,  and 
Prof.  Ross  was  not  (to  put  it  mildly)  speaking  against  the  strikers 
and  the  murder  they  did — just  then  the  strikers  harnessed  up  an 
engine  and  hauled  Mrs.  Stanford  the  few  hundred  miles  she  wished 
to  go.  And  they  hauled  her  simply  because  she  was  the  widow  of  a 
man  they  had  sense  enough  to  dissociate  from  some  of  the  acts  of 
his  partners. 

Mr.  Adams  and  Prof.  Ross  are  equally  untruthful  when  they  say 
that  in  California  the  founding  of  Stanford  University  "is  looked 
upon  as  an  act  of  restitution."  Farm  editors  and  discharged  profes- 
sors and  walking  delegates  may  so  regard  it ;  but  this  is  not  a 
general  feeling  outside  the  sandlot  atmosphere  both  these  gentlemen 
have  so  long  frequented.  And  if  it  were  true,  the  near  answer  is 
that  Senator  Stanford  is  the  only  man  of  the  lot  who  ever  did  "make 
restitution."  But  he  is  dead,  and  therefore  his  grave  is  safe  to  be 
violated,  while  his  unrepentant  colleagues  find  complacency  enough. 
As  a  matter  of  historical  fact.  Senator  Stanford's  fortune  was  as 
cleanly  made  as  Mr.  Carnegie's,  and  as  nobly  expended. 

So  far  as  I  know,  Mr.  Adams  and  Prof.  Ross  are  the  only  minds 
vulgar  enough  to  have  accused  me  of  being  "inspired"  in  this 
matter,  and  I  can  understand  how  they  both  think  so.  To  any  who 
know  me  at  all,  however,  it  is  rather  notorious  that  I  permit  no  guid- 
ance. If  a  poor  thing,  my  mind  is  at  least  mine  own.  I  have  never 
consulted  any  one  as  to  what  I  might  print — nor  even  allowed  any 
one  to  suggest.  The  "  Stanford  authorities"  would  as  soon  think  to 
influence  my  editorials  as  Prof.  Ross  would.  At  least,  I  think  so, 
since  I  have  found  no  fools  left  there.  At  any  rate,  they  have  not 
tried.  Incredible  as  it  may  seem  to  the  editorial  hack  who  dare 
not  pretend  that  he  could  go  counter  to  the  "  policy  of  the  paper" 
which  hires  him,  no  matter  what  his  convictions — no  one  suggests, 
delimits,  deflects,  or  colors  what  I  write,  anywhere.  And  all  the 
*'  inspiration"  I  have  needed  or  received  in  the  Ross  affair  has  been 
the  inconceivable  misdoing  of  the  Other  Side — the  staring  igno- 
rance and  immorality,  of  which  I  have  pointed  out  a  few  features,  and 
have  as  many  more  to  point  out  if  the  gentlemen  wish  to  argue  the 
case.  No  one  has  seen,  known,  nor  (I  think)  guessed  beforehand 
what  I  meant  to  print  in  this  matter. 

One  of  Mr.  Adams's  most  striking  brilliancies  is  the  owlish 
"  charge"  that  the  secretary  of  Stanford  University  sent  out  some 
copies  of  this  magazine  with  a  note  stating  that  my  editorial  fairly 
represented  the  position  of  the  University.  I  judge  that  this  is  true — 
though  the  only  direct  evidence  I  have  is  Mr.  Adams's  word  and  Prof. 
Howard's,  three  months  after  the  editorial  was  printed.  I  would  not 
accuse  Mr.  Adams — on  the  contrary  I  would  be  first  to  congratulate 
him — if  any  one  familiar  with  the  facts  had  ever  found  any  one  of 
his  numerous  editorials  truthful  enough  to  "pass  along." 

Here,  I  fancy,  we  may  safely  leave  the  matter.  When  the  pre- 
cipitate gentlemen  who  started  out  as  accusers,  but  finish  as  accused, 
shall  find  a  voice,  if  ever,  I  shall  be  rather  pleased  to  give  them  more 
to  answer.  But  I  fancy  they  are  not  pursuing  utterance.  And  mean- 
time, requiescant  in  such  peace  as  they  can  cuddle  withal. 

C,   P\  L. 


500 


Though  the  lyion  makes  neither  vows  nor  election  bets,  he  had 
rather  promised  himself  (as  a  unanimous  award  of  merit)  never 
again  to  turn  out  defensive  elbows  in  the  huddled  East.  More  than 
half  a  lifetime  is  quite  enough  to  have  wasted  dollying  where  there 
Isn't  Room  to  L<ive.  He  loves  his  friends — and  there  are  so  many 
blessed  ones  Back  There  !  But  he  would  rather  see  them  where  we 
have  air  enough  for  two  to  breathe  at  a  time  instead  of  taking  turns. 
And  now  upstarts  a  Franciscan  ghost  of  near  three  centuries  ago, 
but  not  to  be  denied,  and  beckons  him  into  the  very  thick  of  what  its 
dupes  are  pleased  to  term  civilization  !  Certainly  no  right  Westerner 
would  revisit  the  pale  glimpses  of  the  East  for  fun.  Only  egregious 
duty  could  compel  him.  But  with  a  care  that  that  venerable  docu- 
ment— Benavides's  Memorial  of  New  Mexico  in  1630 — be  not  unduly 
mutilated,  in  a  new  edition,  for  obligation  ;  and  for  alleviation  the 
thought  of  seeing  those  sound  (if  mismapped)  friends,  and  the  hope 
of  a  few  weeks  remote  from  reading  of  15  MSS.  a  day,  and  from  in- 
numerable queries  whether  it  is  safe  to  go  to  Mexico,  whether  one 
needs  three  sixshooters  on  one's  belt,  or  only  two,  in  California, 
whether  the  Indians  bother  us  much  in  Ivos  Angeles — why,  he  will 
try  to  keep  his  name  flotant  even  in  the  sticky  summer  air  of  the 
Sunstroke  Country.  And  particularly  for  the  sake  of  a  little  chum 
who  has  threaded  the  wilderness  with  him,  in  seven  of  her  nine 
years,  and  is  now  to  see  for  the  first  time  the  best  country  in  the 
world  to  Have  Come  From. 

THE  This  number  ends  the  14th  volume  of  the  L/AND  of  Sun- 

SRVENTH  SHINK.     For  seven  full  years,  now,  this  little  magazine  of 

MILESTONE.  the  farthest  West  has  been  following  its  appointed  course — 
*'  to  be  entertaining  if  possible,  to  be  valuable  anyhow."  It  hopes  to 
have  been  reasonably  entertaining ;  that  it  has  become  valuable  is 
best  evidenced  by  the  fact  that  many  of  the  most  important  scientific 
libraries  in  the  world  have  procured  full  bound  files  of  it,  and  are 
continuing  to  bind  the  volumes  as  they  fill  out.  As  recognition  has 
increased,  so  has  its  endeavor.  It  is  larger  than  ever ;  and  the 
general  verdict  of  scholars  is  that  it  has  steadily  gained  in  worth. 
It  means  to  keep  this  up  ;  and  has  good  reason  to  believe  that  it  can 
do  so. 

A  MOST  One  of  the  longest  steps  forward  this  Magazine   has  yet 

NOTABLE  taken  will  be  the  inauguration  next  month  of  a  regular  de- 

ACCESSION.  partment  entitled  "The  20th  Century  West,"  and  briefly 
defined  beyond.  The  questions  with  which  it  will  deal,  authorita- 
tively, aggressively  yet  sanely,  are  in  serious  fact  the  most  important 
material  problems  that  confront  the  West.  It  will  be  conducted  by 
the  man  best  fitted  of  any  in  the  United  States  to  undertake  such  a 
task— Wm.  E.  Smythe,  founder  of  the  National  Irrigation  Congress, 
author  of  that  remarkable  book  The  Conquest  of  Arid  America^  a 
deep  student  and  a  fascinating  writer.  Under  his  editorship  the 
ablest  and  foremost  men  in  these  lines,  and  all  of  them,  will  assist 


//V    THE    LION'S    DEN.  501 

in  making-  that  deparfment  the  most  interesting^  and  the  most  instruc- 
tive dealing-  with  these  vital  questions  that  is  anywhere  printed. 

The  decision  of  the  Supreme  Court  in  the   insular  cases      THOSE 
pleases  no  one,  not  even  the  Court  itself;  being  rendered  on  a  INDECISIVE 

five-to-four  vote,  and  with  a  remarkable  variety  and  warmth  DECISIONS 

of  disagreement.  I^ight  has  not  been  cast  on  the  subject ;  public  re- 
spect for  our  highest  tribunal  has  not  been  increased  ;  and  no  moral 
question  has  been  settled.  The  general  trend  of  the  decisions  is  to 
the  effect  that  we  may  hold  crown  colonies  if  we  wish.  But  there  is 
no  authority  in  the  Supreme  Court  to  say  whether  we  shall,  or  should, 
wish  to  hold  crown  colonies.  The  Court  is  merely  to  tell  us  what  we 
can  do  ;  but  what  we  care  to  do  rests  forever  and  inalienably  with  the 
people.  That  question  is  as  open  today  as  ever  it  was,  and  as  much 
our  duty  to  decide.  Many  years  ago  the  *'  Dred  Scott  decision  "  of 
the  Supreme  Court  filled  the  slaveholders  with  joy  ;  but  in  their  due 
time  the  people  of  these  United  States  concluded  they  did  not  care  to 
take  advantage  of  that  decision. 

The  present  decisions  mean,  apparently,  that  we  can  have  an  Im- 
perial policy  if  we  prefer.  Meantime,  amid  all  the  comment  upon 
this  scrambled  decision,  which  suits  neither  side,  perhaps  Mr. 
Dooley's  is  the  most  apt :  "  No  matter  whether  the  Constitution  fol- 
lows the  flag  or  not,  the  Supreme  Court  follows  th'  iliction  returns." 

We  are  still  at  war — but  who  talks  about  it  ?  Our  65,000  LEST 
American  soldiers  in  the  field  get  less  newspaper  attention  WE 

than  a  fourth-rate  prize  fight.     There  is  still — and  has  been  FORGET, 

for  two  years,  though  it  was  pretended  to  be  raised — a  strict  censor- 
ship in  the  Philippines.  The  American  public  is  still  not  allowed  to 
know  what  is  going-  on  there.  An  American  editor  was  deported  from 
Manila  for  charging  peculation  and  crookedness  in  that  city — but  the 
crookedness  has  since  been  proved  in  court.  But  the  war  is  so  dead 
as  "  news"  that  even  the  press  does  not  chafe  under  this  gag-law. 
It  is  only  through  sources  the  censorship  cannot  muzzle  that  the 
truth  gets  out — and  then  the  administration  papers  generally  fail  to 
print  it,  so  that  probably  a  majority  of  the  people  of  the  United 
States  do  not  know  today  things  that  have  been  proved,  and  that 
would,  let  us  hope,  rather  ruffle  the  average  citizen  if  he  knew  them. 
It  is  by  such  standard  books  as  Richardson's  The  Philippines,  The 
War,  and  the  People,  Sonnichsen's  Ten  Months  a  Captive  Among  the 
Filipinos,  Herbert  Welsh's  The  Other  Man''s  Country,  and  so  on  ;  the 
impartial  documents  furnished  by  the  Philippine  Information  So- 
ciety,* and  the  magazine  articles  of  correspondents  of  standing,  that 
one  can  get  at  the  carefully  concealed  facts. 

George  Kennan,  the  famous  and  unimpeachable  student  who 
kindled  the  civilized  world  by  his  exposure  of  Siberian  atrocities, 
has  been  making  a  thorough  investigation  in  all  the  official  docu- 
ments relating  to  our  Philippine  war,  for  the  Outlook,  a  strong  Im- 
perialist paper.  In  his  third  article,  Mr.  Kennan  sums  up  the  evi- 
dence in  an  arraignment  as  severe  as  Mark  Twain's  own.  After 
speaking  of  the  hate  we  have  inspired  among  the  islanders,  he  says: 

The  most  noticeable  tendency  in  the  progress  of  the  war  is  toward  greater  sever- 
ity, not  to  say  cruelty,  in  our  dealings  with  the  natives.  There  is  a  g-ood  deal  of 
evidence  to  show  that  if  we  did  not  kill  unresisting-  Filipino  prisoners  and  wounded 
in  the  beg-inning  we  have  come  to  it  at  last.  Soldiers  just  back  from  the  islands  do 
not  hesitate  to  admit  the  bayoneting  of  the  wounded,  and  their  admission  has  strong- 
confirmation  in  the  official  reports  of  g-enerals  in  the  field. 

"  It  is  a  melancholy  fact  ....  that  soldiers  of  civilized  nations,  in  dealing 
with  an  inferior  race,  do  not  observe  the  laws  of  honorable  warfare  as  they  would 
observe  them  were  they  dealing  with  their  equals  and  fighting  fellow-Christians. 
They  refer  to  the  dark-skinned  native  contemptuously  as  a  'chink,'  a  '  nigg-er,' or 
a  '  goo-goo,'  and  treat  him  often  as  they  would  never  think  of  treating-  a  beast. 

"  It  is  painful  and  humiliating-  to  have  to  confess  that  in  some  of  our  dealings  with 

♦  Of  L.  K.  Fuller,  12  Otis  Place,  Boston,  10c  each. 


502  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

the  Filipinos  we  seem  to  be  foUowimr  more  or  less  closely  the  example  of  Spain. 
We  have  established  a  penal  colony  ;  we  burn  native  villag-es  near  which  there  has 
been  an  ambush  or  an  attack  by  insurgrent  g-uerrillas  ;  we  kill  the  wounded  ;  we  re- 
sort to  torture  as  a  means  of  obtaining-  information.    .    .    ." 

Brig. -Gen.  Bell,  upon  his  return  from  the  Philippines,  said  in 
Washing-ton  : 

**  One-sixth  of  the  natives  of  Lazou  have  either  been  killed  or  have  died  of  deng-ne 
fever  in  the  last  two  years.  The  loss  of  life  by  killing  alone  has  been  very  great, 
but  I  think  not  a  man  has  been  slain  except  when  his  death  served  the  legitimate 
purposes  of  war.  It  has  been  necessary  to  adopt  what  in  other  countries  would 
probably  be  thoug-ht  harsh  measures.  .  .  .  The  Filipinos  in  my  district  were  in 
the  habit  of  stopping-  the  wag-ons  of  natives  and  imposing  a  tax  of  one  American 
dollar  on  each  load  of  hemp.  Frequent  complaints  were  made  to  me,  and  one  day  I 
sent  Capt.  Hand  of  the  Forty-fifth  Infantry  to  stop  the  practice.  He  and  six  men 
concealed  themselves  in  a  covered  wagon.  When  they  were  held  up  they  opened 
fire  on  the  insurgents,  and  five  of  them  were  killed.  After  that  there  was  no  more 
levying-  of  taxes.  For  awhile  we  were  oblig-ed  to  treat  everyone  outside  our  lines  as 
an  enemy.    If  a  man  was  caught  within  ISO  yards  of  a  telegraph  pole  he  was  shot." 

Meantime,  as  the  books  of  Congress  show,  the  army  and  navy  be- 
fore this  war  were  costing  less  than  $55,000,000  a  year.  They  are 
now  costing  nearly  $200,000,000  a  year.  No  money  for  rivers  and 
harbors,  public  buildings,  or  the  payment  of  what  the  government 
has  for  40  years  been  owing  Mrs.  Fremont,  and  such  other  proper 
claims.  These  facts  may  be  worth  digesting.  And  they  are  typical 
of  a  long,  sorry  story. 

In  his  triumphal  tour  across  the  continent  Prest.  McKinley  re- 
peatedly informed  us  that  "  we  are  going  to  keep  the  Philip- 
pines." But  by  what  authority?  He  does  not  say  he  is  sure 
Congress  will  so  decide — and  Congress  is  the  only  official  power 
that  can  decide.  Even  the  muddled  Supreme  Court  decisions  recog- 
nize that  fact.  If  we  were  ruled  by  iEJmperor  William  of  Germany, 
he  could  tell  us  what  we  were  going  to  do.  But  until  we  get  an  Em- 
peror, no  man  is  competent  to  promise. 

NOT  A  When  **  Uncle  Paul"  Kruger  said  that  if  his  little  republic 

FALSE  were  crushed  by  the  vast  British  Empire  the  price  would 

PROPHET.  '♦  stagger  humanity,"  it  was  a  source  of  inextinguishable 
laughter  to  the  sort  of  people  who  laugh  at  that  sort  of  thing.  There 
used  to  be  none  of  them  in  America  ;  but  now  there  are  many.  But 
now,  while  the  old  lion  of  the  Transvaal  cannot  laugh,  still  less  do 
his  foes — not  even  the  little  ones  who  discredit  their  country  in  flea- 
biting  him.  He  is  a  pretty  fair  old  prophet  yet.  Seven  hundred  and 
fifty-five  millions  of  dollars  England  confesses  to  have  paid,  up  to  a 
few  months  ago,  as  the  cost  of  her  war  to  crush  30,000  peasants. 
She  has  lost  more  men  by  battle  and  disease  than  the  total  number 
of  Boer  soldiers.  As  to  military  prestige  she  has  not  a  shred  of  it 
left.  The  dead  men  do  not  count  much,  but  the  taxes  do  ;  and  all 
England  is  in  a  toothache  over  the  tariffs  necessary  to  continue  the 
war.  And  the  end  is  not  yet.  Stagger  humanity  ?  Indeed  it  has ! 
Uncle  Paul  has  made  his  word  good — and  more  coming.  More  than 
that.  Every  man  with  the  breath  of  life  in  him  glories  in  the  pluck 
of  these  Boer  farmers,  and  wishes  them  well.  But  for  them  we  might 
have  forgotten  that  there  are  still  men  left — except  money-changers, 
politicians,  and  the  sort  of  republics  which  cross  over  to  the  other 
sidewalk  when  they  see  a  bully  beating  a  small  boy  or  a  woman. 

AND  A  One  of  the   typical   tokens   of  that  wise  and  mannerly  de" 

POOR  DAY  meanor  which  makes  us  so  dearly  beloved  of  our  neighbors 

FOR  MANNERS.  and  so  highly  admired  for  taste  by  old-world  nations,  was 
the  front  cartoon  of  Harper's  Weekly  of  May  11.  "A  Great  Day  for 
Old  Mexico"  Mr.  Rogers  calls  this  index  to  his  mind.  The  triumphal 
"McKinley  Aggregation"  is  passing  by  in  vast  dignity  ;  and  at  the 
border,  Prest.  Diaz  in  a  blanket  and  leggings  waves  a  pelado's  hat, 
M^hile  three    monkeyiied  Mexican  officers  in   uniform  but  barefoot 


IN    THE    LION'S    DEN.  503 

Aance  in  as  ridiculous  postures  as  Mr.  Rogers  knows  how  to  draw. 
And  this  just  under  the  familiar  old  motto,  "  A  Journal  of  Civiliza- 
tion !  "  It  would  doubtless  be  vain  to  remind  the  polished  and  tact- 
ful artist  that  Old  Mexico  was  not  at  all  aware  of  what  a  "  great  day" 
it  was  for  her  when  Prest.  McKinley  went  by  on  the  other  side  of 
the  river.  Prest.  Diaz  didn't  come  in  state  to  the  border,  though 
greatly  urged  by  our  promoters.  He  was  in  his  own  capital,  1200 
miles  away,  attending  to  the  business  of  governing  his  nation.  He 
politely  sent  a  distinguished  officer  to  represent  him  at  the  junket. 
It  is  needless,  too,  to  add  that  the  typical  Mexican  gentleman 
dresses  quite  as  scrupitlously,  speaks  more  languages,  knows  more 
about  foreign  countries,  and  has  better  manners  than  Mr.  Rogers. 
There  is  not  a  paper  I  know  of  in  Mexico  which  would  think  of 
printing  so  vulgar  and  ignorant  and  offensive  a  cartoon.  Prest. 
McKinley  is  a  handsome  and  dignified  man,  and  a  very  shrewd  one  ; 
but  if  the  two  were  put  side  by  side  it  is  not  Prest.  Diaz  who  would 
look  the  less  distinguished  or  prove  less  the  diplomat.  And  Mr. 
Rogers  gets  him  into  a  blanket — ignorant  even  that  no  Mexican  ever 
wore  a  blanket  that  way. 

Mexico — and  I  pretend  to  speak  with  authority — respects  the  United 
States  for  its  progress,  reveres  its  fundamental  principles,  is  grate- 
ful for  its  moral  support  against  Maximilian's  shoddy  empire,  and 
for  the  sake  of  their  country  puts  up  with  far  more  brutality  and 
shamelessness  from  American  boors  and  adventurers  in  Mexico  than 
we  would  put  up  with  from  anyone.  But  when  it  comes  to  our  man- 
ners, as  exploited  by  gentlemen  as  thoughtless  and  untraveled  as  Mr. 
Rogers,  an  eloquent  shrug  is  as  much  comment  as  they  trouble  to 
make. 

INDOORS  Prof.   Wm.  C.  lyawton,  of  the  Adelphi  College,  Brooklyn, 

AND  N.  Y.,  who  has  been  referred  to  in  these  pages  (re  the  "  Ross 

OUT.  case")  as  **  a  good,  honest,  earnest,  unaerated  Greek  pro- 
fessor," sends  me  such  proof  (his  word)  that  I  gladly  retract  the 
•word  "unaerated."  He  tells  me  he  has  "  hobnobbed  in  their  homes 
with  Turks,  Greeks,  Italians,  Germans,  Tyrolese,  English,  Adirond- 
ack guides,  Chicago  men  and  women" — quousque  tandem  !  Certainly 
these  be  enough  to  aerate  any  man,  if  he  have  his  windows  open 
toward  Jerusalem.  I  trust  Prof.  I^awton  will  accept  my  due  apology 
for  having  misdoubted  his  ventilation.  I  had  at  the  time  no  evidence 
save  his  act,  which  I  believe  any  of  the  wildish  tribes  he  has  invaded 
— even  to  the  Chicagoans — would  have  classified  as  unaerated  (or 
worse)  had  he  thought  to  consult  them  as  to  the  ethics  of  outdoor 
peoples.  It  is  only  where  folks  are  too  thick  to  think  that  the  idea 
of  a  "  Professor's  Union"  does  not  draw  a  smile  ;  or  that  the  aver- 
age man  fails  to  perceive  and  resent  the  immoralities  I  have  proved 
upon  the  gentlemen  wliose  cause  Prof.  I^awton  impulsively  espoused. 
I  am  glad  to  believe  that  it  was  only  the  natural  and  honorable  jealousy 
of  the  academic  man  for  the  sanctity  of  his  place  which  blinded 
Prof.  I^awton.  And  I  hope  next  time  he  hobnobs  with  the  Person 
that  Sitteth  in  Darkness  he  will  ask  what  P.  S.  D.'s  in  general  think 
of  stealing  letters,  clinging  to  money  you  allege  to  be  dirty,  and  so 
on — the  acts  he  has  espoused. 

Chas.  F.  I^ummis. 


h 


504 


iti-TTiigni'irwirM 


THAT 

WHICH  IS 
WRiTTEH 


Not  many  hands  are  required  for 

the  enumeration  as  yet,  but  now  it 

••.a  atr^—     -"'*.  „^  needs  to  tap  one  more  finger  when  we  go  to 

jf^'^J'vyLr      '*'*  ^   reckon  up  the  Calif ornia  writers  that  really  weigh. 

tj^*^  '*"''*  For  Gwendolen  Overton  has  come  into  the  circle  of 

the  elect,  and  in  a  fashion  which  leaves  no  reasonable  doubt  of  her 
permanency  there.  Her  first  novel,  T/ie  Heritage  of  Unrest^  is  one  of 
the  literary  successes  of  the  season,  and  deservedly.  For  that  matter, 
it  would  puzzle  one  to  recall  when  a  novel  of  this  sweep  has  been  done 
before  in  Southern  California,  at  least.  From  that  purely  philistine 
standard  of  "sales" — more  and  more  the  gospel  of  our  parasitic 
"literary  class"  which  makes  its  living  not  by  literature,  but  off  it — 
the  game  is  young  to  speak  of.  But  as  to  the  critical  reception  of  the 
book,  there  can  be  no  two  minds.  It  has  been  most  uncommonly 
praised,  here  and  abroad  ;  even  that  strictest  of  all  American  reviews, 
the  Nation — whose  verdict  is  therefore  worth  a  whole  scrap-book  of 
indiscriminate  average  optimism— says  :  "  Here  and  there  among 
many  amiable  and  more  or  less  able  expwjriments  in  bookmaking  one 

lights  upon  a  real  book.     Such  is  The  Heritage  of  Unrest 

The  author's  sense  of  proportion,  grasp  of  cause  and  consequence, 
and  her  powerful  way  of  conveying  the  story  at  once  to  mind  and 
pulses,  are  quite  exceptional."  Which  is  all  not  only  of  good  au- 
thority but  true. 

Such  of  Miss  Overton's  short  stories  as  I  have  read  in  the  last 
three  or  four  years  had  not  much  prepossessed  me.  They  had  power, 
but  seemed  to  me  inconclusive,  and  seriously  marred  by  what,  from  an 
unusual  amount  of  experience  in  that  line,  I  take  to  be  a  false  esti- 
mate of  such  Southwesterners  as  do  not  speak  English.  At  any  rate, 
they  had  not  at  all  prepared  me  for  this  powerful,  sustained  and  ma- 
ture novel ;  and  I  read  it  not  only  with  keen  pleasure,  but  with  some- 
thing akin  to  astonishment.  In  a  familiar  of  all  the  scenes,  peoples 
and  problems  of  Miss  Overton's  story,  this  indicates  several  other 
qualities  of  the  book  beyond  its  purely  "literary"  strength — since 
"literature"  is  now  commonly  understood  to  have  no  necessary  collu- 
sion with  truth.  Unlike  the  vast  majority  that  pick  the  West  for 
background  of  their  fiction.  Miss  Overton  really  knows  her  Arizona 
and  New  Mexico — not  all,  as  no  one  does  ;  but  her  sphere  thoroughly. 
And  with  this  entitled  atmosphere  of  men  and  things,  she  brings  a 
firm  literary  bridle-hand  to  the  management  of  a  difificult  mount. 

The  central  idea  of  the  book — the  conflicting  heroine,  half  Apache 
and  half  white — is  an  excellent  artistic  device.  Of  its  ethnologic 
virtue,  we  cannot  be  quite  so  sure — since  no  one  has  ever  found  out. 
I  have  known  personally  a  great  number  of  the  like  half-breeds,  and  it 
did  not  "take  them  that  way."  Still,  I  fancy  it  might.  Certainly 
from  the  novelist's  point  of  view,  it  is  not  unreasonable.  The  curi- 
ous thing,  however,  is  that  the  ordinary  concept  invariably  gets  the 
cart  before  the  horse.  The  white  father's  blood,  not  the  Indian 
mother's,  would  be  the  heritage  of  unrest,  if  such  unrest  there  were — 
and  I  am  confident  that  every  serious  field-student  of  ethnology  who 
has  had  much  experience  along  the  frontiers  will  indorse  that  state- 


THAT    WHICH    IS    WRITTEN.  505 

ment.  It  is  a  curious  but  familiar  fact  that  in  these  unequal  frontier 
yoking-s  it  is,  generally  and  almost  without  exception,  the  superior 
partner  who  breaks  faith,  if  faith  be  broken — the  American  or  En- 
glish husband,  not  the  Mexican  or  Indian  wife.  But  that  would  not 
be  a  popular  notion  in  a  novel. 

Miss  Overton's  is,  of  course,  the  Army  point  of  view.  She  was 
born  in  the  army,  at  an  Arizona  post,  and  bred  up  in  other  frontier 
posts.  It  is  a  virile  and  gallant  point  of  view,  but  a  bit  blunt,  aris- 
tocratic and  materialistic  —  therefore  not  infallible.  It  never  ac- 
quires, save  in  the  exceptional  case,  any  genuine  understanding  of 
any  peoples  below  the  social  salt.  In  all  the  superb  achievement  of 
our  army  on  the  Southwestern  frontier — and  the  American  army 
never  made  a  more  gallant  record  anywhere — there  have  not  been 
half  a  dozen  conquests  in  scholarship.  Leave  out  the  two  great  post 
surgeons,  Dr.  Washington  Matthews  and  Dr.  Elliott  Coues — whose 
fame  will  outlast  that  of  any  of  their  g-enerals — leave  out  I^ieut.  J. 
H.  Simpson,  and  Capt.  John  G.  Bourke,  and  what  have  scientific  history 
or  ethnology,  art  or  letters,  to  show  for  our  occupation  by  half  a  cen- 
tury ?  Besides  these  four.  Gen.  Geo.  Crook  was  about  the  only  con- 
siderable man  who  understood  or  cared  to  understand  the  Indian  ; 
the  only  one  the  Indian  trusted.  This,  after  all,  is  a  more  serious 
pity  than  it  looks.  These  men  were  no  worse  soldiers  for  being 
scholars.  On  the  contrary,  if  their  sort  had  been  more  numerous 
we  should  have  had  not  only  more  learning  but  fewer  Indian  wars. 
George  Kennan,  in  his  latest  volume,  has  put  his  finger  shrewdly 
upon  this  very  sore. 

I  fancy  no  one  quite  "inside"  with  the  field  facts  or  with  the  "War 
Department  would  speak  of  Gen.  Crook  as  "defeated"  or  "a  failure." 
Phil.  Sheridan,  who  was  tolerable  authority  at  that  time,  would  have 
sworn  at  such  a  category.  This  is  not  surmise,  for  he  did  swear  at  it 
to  me,  and  expressed  his  opinion  as  between  Crook  and  his  foes  in 
words  competent  and  expert  but  not  intended  for  these  mild  pages. 
And  when  a  major-generalship  was  ripe,  it  did  not  tumble  to  the  ac- 
tive pole  of  Miles,  the  handsome,  ambitious  and  "  successful,"  but 
rolled  into  the  lap  of  plain,  close-mouthed,  un-"  mixing"  George 
Crook.  It  was  a  case  where  Sheridan  and  the  facts  outweighed 
the  captains,  the  Arizona  contractors,  and  the  professional  ignorance 
of  Washington  bureatis. 

A  few  minor  lapses  in  phrase  or  fact — like  a  coyote  that  "  rose  up 
on  its  hind  legs"  to  look  at  some  one,  or  cowboys  "each  several 
hundred  yards  apart "  (and  with  no  token  of  pain  at  so  violent  dis- 
memberment) vShould  hardly  be  counted  against  so  compelling  a  book. 
A  young  woman — and  26  is  young"  indeed  for  a  novelist — who  can  do 
a  novel  of  this  calibre  at  first-off ,  will  be  worth  waiting  to  hear  from 
again.  And  particularly  if  she  shall  refuse  to  be  stampeded  into 
hasty  effort  by  the  publishing  pack  which  always  besets  the  heels  of 
such  a  success.  The  Macmillan  Co.,  66  I^ifth  Avenue,  New  York. 
$1.50. 

A  great  deal  of  studiousness — how  well  directed  I  cannot  pre-      IN  THE 
tend  to  say — and  some  strong  touches  of  human  nature  in-  TIME  OT 

form  Annie  Nathan  Meyer's  Robert  Annys,  Poor  Priest,  a  WYCLIF. 

tale  of  the  Great  Uprising  of  the  English  peasantry  500  years  ago. 
The  character  of  the  "  russet  priest,"  a  follower  of  John  Ball,  is  per- 
haps "  too  human  " — at  any  rate,  he  is  a  very  weak  brother.  "  Ma- 
tilda "  and  "Rose"  are  interesting,  but  also  a  bit  puppety.  And  I 
should  rather  doubt  Miss  Meyer's  ecclesiastical  coloration.  But  the 
book  is  decidedly  readable.  The  Macmillan  Co.,  66  Fifth  Avenue, 
New  York.    $1.50. 


506  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 

A  WAR-CORRES-  With  experience  as  war  correspondent  in  four  recent  wars, 

PONDENT'S  and  some  palpable  coloration  of  Plain  Tales  from  the  Hills, 

STORIES.  Frederick  Palmer  has  made  for  us,  in  The  fVays  of  the 
Service^  eight  well  stag-ed  short  stories  dealing-  with  Our  People  in 
the  Philippine  war.  A  little  marred  by  contempt  for  the  other  side 
(which  always  means  ignorance)  and  with  a  little  Bowery  melodrama 
spoiling  the  first  story,  Mr.  Palmer  nevertheless  wins  us  over  as  the 
book  proceeds.  In  '*  Mrs.  Gerlison"  he  has  the  distinction  of  draw- 
ing one  of  the  most  amiable  "Army-women"  in  our  literature. 
They  are  generally  not  to  be  run  after,  as  the  storj'-tellers — even  of 
the  army — paint  them,  after  once  married.  Indeed,  one  has  often  to 
wonder,  after  a  course  in  Gen.  Chas.  King  and  the  like,  how  there  are 
in  the  army  so  many  fine  girls  to  fall  in  love  with  and  such  a  dis- 
piriting predominance  of  *'  old  hens"  after  a  few  years.  But  "  Mrs. 
Gerlison"  is  a  good  lot ;  and  though  she  is  about  the  only  memorable 
character  in  the  book,  her  recurrence  in  nearly  all  the  stories  leads  on 
to  a  very  satisfactory  development  of  her.  Except  the  first  one,  the 
stories  are  all  clever  and  "  carrying."  Chas.  Scribner's  Sons,  153-157 
Fifth  Avenue,  New  York.     $1.50. 

KING  Mistress    Nell^    a   Merry    Tale    of  a  Merry    Time,  deals 

AND  cleverly    with    Nell  Gwynne,    and    is    Geo.  C.   Hazelton's 

ACTRESS.  "storyizing"  of  his  own  drama.  It  is  nimble,  workman- 
like and  entertaining,  and  makes  as  good  reading  as  the  play  makes 
good  seeing.  One  might  hesitate  to  go  bail  for  its  history  ;  but  its 
movement  is  swift,  bright  and  highly  amusing.  Chas.  Scribner's 
Sons,  153-157  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York.     $1.50. 

WAY  Old  Bowen's   Legacy  is  an  unhackneyed  story   of   a  New 

DOWN  England  town,  wherein  the  familiar  "properties"  are  made 

EAST.  to  work  to  an  unexpected  finale.  The  best  guesser  of  plots 
will  hardh'  foresee  the  outcome  of  the  old  miser's  bequest  of  $5,000 
to  be  "put  where  it  will  do  the  most  good"  in  the  sober  village. 
The  author,  Edwin  Asa  Dix,  is  a  new  writer,  whose  first  book. 
Deacon  Bradbury,  made  a  success  last  year.  The  Century  Co.,  33  E. 
Seventeenth  street.  New  York.     $1.50. 

HEAD  "  A  Manlier  Henry  James,"  as  I  have  ventured  to  call  her, 

OF  THE  Edith  Wharton  has  taken  within  some  three  years  a  leading 

ANALYSTS.  place  in  the  analytic  school  of  fiction.  With  James's  un- 
earthly cleverness  in  subdividing  hairs  of  thought,  she  has  restraint 
to  stop  subdivision  in  time  for  sanity  ;  and  if  analytic,  her  people 
bear  a  resemblance  to  real  people.  They  do  things,  they  feel  things, 
they  are  things — which  is  more  than  one  can  say  of  the  ghosts  of 
Mr.  James's  modern  work.  Yet  the  Jamesian  spider-webbing  is  as  fine 
as  his  own.  Crucial  Instances,  her  latest  book,  is  a  gathering  of  seven 
short  stories  which  combine  subtilety  and  power  in  an  unusual  de- 
gree. They  are  almost  too  clever  for  this  dumb  earth  ;  but  despite 
their  cleverness  th^re  is  a  humanity  in  them.  Chas.  Scribner's  Sons, 
153-157  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York.     $1.50. 

'HOW  TO  A  handsome  and  solid  book  which  will  be  a  valued  com- 

KNOW  THE  panion  to  thousands  of  visitors  to  the  seaside  this  summer, 

SEASHORE."  and  for  many  a  summer  hereafter,  is  The  Sea  Beach  at  Ebb 
Tide,  by  Augusta  Foote  Arnold.  It  is  really  a  competent,  practical 
handbook  for  the  amateur  collector,  giving  not  only  a  clear  popular 
account  of  the  many  strange  forms  of  marine  life  to  be  found  along 
the  seashore,  but  directions  for  collecting  and  preserving  specimens 
— sea-weeds,  shells  and  all  the  rest.  With  over  600  illustrations,  the 
scientific  names  and  classifications,  popular  descriptions,  and  a  con- 
venient arrangement,  it  is  a  book  which  promises  to  be  indispensable 
to  seashore  students  and  to  all  who  care  really  to  know  something 


THAT    WHICH    IS    WRITTEN.  507 

about  the  curious  creatures  they  find  along-  the  beach.  It  covers  the 
Pacific  as  well  as  the  Atlantic  coast.  The  Century  Co.,  33  E.  Seven- 
teenth street,  New  York.     $2.40  net. 

The  Making  of  Christopher  Ferringham,  by  Beulah  Marie       IN  THE 
Dix,  is  a  good  deal  of  an  advance  over  her  Hugh  Gwyeth  and  Ol,D  BAY 

Soldier  Rigdale.     It   has   somewhat,  still,  of   their   inepti-  COLONY, 

tudes  ;  and  as  '*Hug-h"  was  an  intolerable  dummy,  so  the  present 
hero,  "  Christopher,"  is  rather  too  extreme  a  rakehell  to  convince  us. 
But  the  story  of  the  scapegrace  cavalier  among  the  grim  Puritans  of 
Massachusetts  in  1650,  takes  much  hold  on  one  ;  and  its  "  action,"  if 
sometimes  a  little  strained,  is  stirring  and  varied  enough.  The 
Macmillan  Co.,  New  York.     C.  C.   Parker,  L/Os  Angeles.     Si. 50. 

In  Arrows  of  the  Almighty,  Owen  Johnson  has  made  a  read-      HIS 
able  enough  novel  with  some  study  of  heredity,  and  one  of  MOTHER'S 

the  atmospheres  now  so  in  vogue  of  the  South  before  the  SON. 

war.  The  plot  is  reasonable  ;  but  the  characters  seem  to  me,  as  a 
rule,  weakly  drawn.  The  Macmillan  Co.,  66  Fifth  Avenue,  New 
York.     $1.50. 

Hamlin  Garland,  as  a  rule,  would  hardly  be  described  as      A  COWBOY 
amusing.     Interesting  he  always  is,  and  generally  strong  ;  "DAISY 

but  there  is  a  certain  quality  of  him,  an  almost  truculent  MILLER." 

matter-of-fact,  a  serious  literalness,  an  unhumorous  self-centering, 
which  inhibits  the  lighter  term.  Probably  he  has  never  before  come 
so  near  to  unseriousness  as  in  his  latest  novel  Her  Mountain  Lover — 
a  400-page  story  of  a  Colorado  cowboy  and  miner  who  goes  to  Ivon- 
don  to  sell  a  mine,  and  naturally  astonishes  the  natives  with  his  out- 
Daisying  of  "Daisy  Miller."  The  idea  is  not  a  bad  one,  and  is 
amusingly  carried  out.  But  "  Jim  "  is  not  convincing  to  a  Westerner. 
He  carries  off  his  Colorado  slang  pretty  well,  as  a  rule — though  this 
is  outside  Mr.  Garland's  real  jurisdiction — but  he  is  too  palpably  ex- 
aggerated and  unreal,  too  much  a  stage-character.  As  usual,  Mr. 
Garland's  character-drawing  is  done  mostly  with  a  sledge  hammer  ; 
and  some  of  his  Colorado  geography  and  altitudes  are  new.  But  the 
story  is  entertaining,  and  with  flashes  of  strength.  The  Century 
Co.,  33  Kast  Seventeenth  street.  New  York.     $1.50. 

Flowers  and  Ferns  in  their  Haunts,  by  that  excellent  out-      A  BOOK 
door  spirit,  Mabel  Osgood  Wright,  is  as  charming  and  as  WORTH 

really  worthy  a  book  as  the  season  affords — and  for  that  WHILE, 

matter,  one  of  the  handsomest.  Fully  up  to  the  standards  of  Mrs. 
Wright's  Birdcraft  and  other  nature-books,  this  bids  fair  to  equal  the 
wide  success  they  have  deservedly  had.  It  will  make  many  a  grown- 
up convert  to  "the  friendship  of  Nature,"  and  should  lead  any 
thoughtful  child  lovingly  on  to  a  real  study  of  the  flowers.  The  illus- 
tration is  particularly  rich  and  beautiful ;  and  it  may  fairly  be 
doubted  if  fifty  so  exquisite  photographs  of  flowers  ever  before 
adorned  a  single  volume.  There  also  over  100  illustrations  in  the 
text.  The  whole  volume  is  heartily  to  be  commended.  The  Mac- 
millan Co.,  66  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York.     $2.50. 

In  The  God  of  His  Fathers  (see  page  480),  are  eleven  more       IN  THE 
of  Jack  lyondon's  rather  crude  but  powerful  short  stories  of  WHITE 

Alaska.    .All  are  elemental,  and  there  is  not  one  that  will  be  NORTH, 

left  over  in  mid-reading.  It  is  devoutedly  to  be  prayed  that  the  pub- 
lishers do  not  intend  to  maintain  the  habit  of  beginning  a  paragraph 
without  indentation  ;  and  that  they  will  not  permanently  pride  them- 
seives  on  "  Mcmi  "  as  a  date-line.  Even  "originality"  has  its  limits 
— and  they  should  be  this  side  of  nonsense.  McClure,  Phillips  &  Co., 
New  York.     $1.50. 


508  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


A  STRANGE  A  striking  piece  of  work  in  its  eminently  Gallic  way,  Paul 

STUDY  IN  Bourget's  The  Disciple  is  as  it  were  a  de  Maupassant  short 

PSYCHOLOGY.  story  involved  in  a  most  curious  and  acute  psychological 
study.  The  disembodied  sort  of  '*  intellectuality"  as  it  is  now  pur- 
sued in  some  French  circles  most  successfully,  and  in  some  others 
with  less  complete  emancipation,  is  admirably  personified  in  the 
great  philosopher  and  his  unfamiliar  convert,  the  surpassing  figures 
in  the  book — for  except  the  exquisite  Charlotte  and  her  man  of  a 
brother,  the  rest  are  mere  swift  touches.  Just  what  connection  the 
emotional-patriotic  "introduction"  may  have  to  just  this  story  is 
like  to  puzzle  the  foreigner.  Chas.  Scribner's  Sons,  153-157  Fifth 
Avenue,  New  York.    $1.50. 

GENESIS  Rev.  Elwood  Worcester,  D.D.,  has  made  a  bold,  interesting 

AND  and  ponderable  volume  in  his   The  Book  of  Genesis  in  the 

OTHERS.  Light  of  Modern  Knowledge.  In  nearly  600  pages  he  ap- 
plies to  the  Mosaic  account  of  the  creation,  the  flood  and  the  like 
episodes,  the  methods  of  science,  collating  and  comparing  the  flood- 
myths  and  creation-myths  of  all  countries,  as  brought  out  by  modern 
ethnology.  Dr.  Worcester  is  reverent  in  his  attitude,  clear  in  his 
presentments,  widely  and  thoughtfully  read,  and  a  good  reasoner. 
His  book  is  far  above  the  average  of  biblical  criticism,  both  in 
scholarship  and  in  force.  But  what  does  he  mean  by  saying  **so 
great  a  master  of  primitive  folklore  as  H.  H.  Bancroft"  ?  Fortu- 
nately his  other  estimates  in  ethnology  are  less  absurd.  McClure, 
Phillips  &  Co.,  141  E.  Twenty-fifth  street,  New  York.     $3  net. 

THE  CRIME  Strong  in  its  simplicity,  stirring  in  its  naive  pathos.  Five 

OF  A  y^ears  of  My  Life,  by  Alfred  Dreyfus,  is  a  book  of  very  un- 

NATION.  common  interest.  That  infamy  of  France,  the  "Dreyfus 
Case,"  was  a  world-wide  sensation  and  a  shame  to  humanity,  with 
its  base  passions  and  baser  methods  ;  its  Jew-baiting,  its  revelation 
of  military  corruption  and  dishonor,  its  cowardly  and  illegal  hound- 
ing of  a  man  to  a  doom  worse  than  death.  Events  have  vindicated 
the  innocence  of  Dreyfus.  Some  of  his  persecutors  have  died  by 
their  own  hands,  and  the  rest  are  discredited.  Even  the  government 
has  been  forced  to  practical  confession  of  its  injustice,  though  this 
was  made  sneakingly — **  guilty  but  with  extenuating  circumstances," 
and  then  a  "  pardon."  But  Dreyfus's  own  side  of  the  story  has  not 
been  heard  before.  This  book  recounts  that  frightful  experience  of 
his  living  death  for  five  years — and  all  that  time  ignorant  even  of 
what  he  was  accused  of  !  No  one  who  reads  the  story  will  be  likely 
to  doubt  its  essential  truth.  Mr.  August  F.  Jaccaci,  a  well  known 
artist,  did  well  in  inducing  Dreyfus  to  write  this  remarkable  narra- 
tive. McClure,  Phillips  &  Co.,  New  York.  $1.50. 
AND  A  The  Lion  at  the  Well,  by  Ivionel  Josaphare,  is  a  tiny  book  of 

LION'S  two  poems  which  appear  to  have  been  made  with  a  maul. 

SKIN.  The  second  is  a  hopeless  absurdity  ;  the  "lion"  an  absurd- 
ity perhaps  not  wholly  hopeless.  This  young  man's  ideas  of  metre 
would  make  a  gas-man  weep ;  and  his  epithets  are  as  a  rule  singu- 
larly brummagem.  He  has  a  certain  raw  force  ;  but  in  a  frantic  at- 
tempt to  show  the  "  giant  strength"  some  fellow  high-school  critic 
accuses  him  of,  he  performs  fantastic  feats  to  lift  himself  by  his 
bootstraps. 

"I  saw  before  me,  on  the  flat, 
A  beastly  scare, 
With  sacred  stare, 

A  lion", 

*  which  same  lion  not  only  "bays"  but  goes  "all  through  the  day  with 
noisy  bray,"  "with  his  diphthongal  reach  to  howl."  A.  M.  Robert- 
son, 126  Post  street,  San  Francisco.     50  cents. 


THAT    WHICH    IS    WRITTEN.  ^ 

For  the  Blue  and  Gold,  is  an  agreeable,  unaffected  story  of       AT  THE 
the   University  of  California,  by  Joy  lyichtenstein  ;    of  no  STATE 

serious  literary  virtue,  but  on  the  other  hand  directly  written,  UNIVERSITY, 

and  of  interest  to  those  who  care  for  college  life  ;  while  some  of  the 
descriptions  of  game  and  "  rush  "  have  more  than  a  local  thrill.  A. 
M.  Robertson,  San  Francisco,  126  Post  street.     $1.50  net. 

Imogen  Clark  has  made  a  strong,  fine  and  touching  novel  of       IN  THE 
the  New  York  of  150  years  ago  in  her  God's  Puppets.     I^ove  old  DUTCH 

at   cross-purposes,  the  old  Dutch  life  in  its  simplicity  and  NEW  YORK. 

strength,  give  color  to  the  book  ;  and  there  is  some  uncommonly 
vital  character-drawing.  **Annetje,"  "Peggy,"  "Heilke"  and 
"Jan"  are  particularly  alive  ;  and  the  old  Domine  and  the  villain 
"  De  Hpoge  "  are  not  easily  forgotten.  Chas.  Scribner's  Sons,  153- 
157  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York.     $1.50. 

Dean  C.  Worcester,  assistant  professor  of  Zoology  in  the      "BEFORE 
University  of  Michigan,  who  has  been  much  heard  of  since  THE 

our    war    in    I^uzon     began,     has     made    an     interesting  WAR." 

and  instructive  book  The  Philippine  Islands  and  Their  People. 
Aside  from  a  slender  historical  sketch,  digested  from  Foreman, 
and  an  appendix,  the  520  pages  give  a  familiar  account  of  the 
author's  experiences  in  the  Philippines  in  1887  and  1890,  when  he 
visited  20  of  the  islands  as  a  naturalist,  and  came  in  contact  with  the 
people  in  many  sorts.  If  rather  too  much  on  the  order  of  travelers 
who  are  not  beloved  by  strangers  anywhere.  Prof.  Worcester  is  en- 
tertaining and  illuminative.  The  illustration  is  rather  disappointing 
The  Macmillan  Co.,  66  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York.     $1.50. 

A  graduate  of  the  Naval  Academy  at  Annapolis,  a  railroad      THE 
man  for  a  while,  a  missionary,  an  archdeacon,  and  a  chap-  TALKING 

lain  in  the  Spanish-American  war — tho'  he  saw  no  war  in  PARSON, 

either  army  or  navy — Rev.  Cyrus  Townsend  Brady  is  a  man  of  un- 
usual experiences  for  his  cloth.  He  has  a  quick  eye  for  a  story,  an 
almost  deplorable  ease  of  telling  one  straight  out,  and  a  rather  boy- 
ish frankness.  Since  the  success  of  his  first  book,  two  or  three  years 
ago,  he  has  put  on  full  steam  and  turned  out  volumes  at  a  bewilder- 
ing rate.  His  latest,  Under  TopsHs  and  Tents,  is  a  various  collection 
of  stories  and  sketches  of  his  brief  but  well  improved  army  and  navy 
experiences.  Without  a  trace  of  literature,  these  off-hand  talks  are 
very  entertaining  for  an  idle  hour.  Chas.  Scribner's  Sons,  153-157, 
Fifth  Avenue,  New  York.     $1.50. 

The   White  Cottage,  by  "  Zack"  (Gwendoline  Keats)  is  a       ANOTHER 
quiet  but  striking  story  of  an  IJnglish  seacoast  town,  quite  NOVEL 

up  to  what  we  have  learned  very  recently  to  expect  from  BY  "ZACK.'* 

this  uncommon  young  woman.  The  wavering  "  Mark,"  the  master- 
ful rascal  "  L<upin,"  and  the  feminine  "Luce"  are,  for  all  the  grey 
tragedy  of  their  lives,  unusual  characters,  unusually  drawn.  Chas. 
Scribner's  Sons,  New  York.     $1.50. 

Back  to  his  beloved  Australian  bush  from  his  strange  but      ANOTHER 
powerful    experiment  in    Peccavi,  B.   W.  Hornung    swings  HUMAN 

with  his  strong  story  The  Shadow  of  a  Man.     It  is  a  blessed  "BUSH"  STORY, 

quality  of  Hornung  that  he  always  draws  men  and  women  who  can 
cast  shadows — not  the  unsubstantial  factors  of  a  clever  play.  His 
people  are  flesh  and  blood,  his  atmosphere  has  the  reality  of  knowl- 
edge,— and  so  few  novels,  relatively,  have  nowadays  any  real  atmos- 
phere. His  stories  "  go,"  too,  and  fetch  us  along  with  them.  Of  no 
impossible  perfections,  but  human  enough  in  all  conscience,  his 
people  win  upon  us.  The  Shadow  of  a  Man  is  a  stirring  story,  which 
one  finds  hard  to  lay  down.  Chas.  Scribner's  Sons,  153-157  Fifth 
Avenue,  New  York.    $1.25. 


510  LAND    OF    SUNSHINE 

IN  THE  A  plain  matter-of-fact  story,  thoug-h  from  a  fanciful  poet,  is 

DAYS  OF  Clinton  Scollard's  T/ie  Son  of  a  Tory.     It  deals  with  the  ad- 

BURGOYNE.  ventures  of  a  young  man  in  love  and  war  in  1777,  and  has 
much  to  do  with  St.  Leg-er's  descent  upon  the  Mohawk  valley  with 
the  Indian  allies  our  Dear  Mother  Country  used  to  devastate  our  bor- 
ders withal.  The  book  is  agreeable  rather  than  exciting-,  though  it 
has  enough  action.     Richard  G.  Badger  &  Co.,  Boston.     $1.50 

A  delightful  and  sound  little  book,  by  Geo.  Hansen,  a  *'landscaj)e 
architect"  of  Berkeley  but  of  much  more  than  local  reputation,  is 
What  is  a  Kindergarten  ?  Mr.  Hansen,  a  graduate  of  the  Royal 
Horticultural  College,  Potsdam,  Berlin,  is  known  to  experts  as  author 
of  several  valuable  volumes.     Elder  &  Shepard,  San  Franeisco. 

One  of  the  most  encouraging  pamphlets  in  a  long  time  is  the  re- 
port of  the  "Society  for  the  Preservation  of  Scenic  and  Historic 
Places  and  Objects  "  in  the  State  of  New  York.  Eighty-five  pages, 
with  numerous  illustrations,  show  the  work  of  this  association  of 
high-minded  Americans.  The  president  is  Hon.  Andrew  H.  Green, 
214  Broadway,  New  York. 

The  Writings  of  King  Alfred,  who  died  A.D.  901,  will  surprise 
many  who  did  not  attach  a  literary  memorandum  to  this  "  creator 
and  father  of  English  prose  literature."  It  is  a  fine  paper  by  the 
illustrious  critic  Erederic  Harrison,  and  is  published  by  the  Mac- 
millan  Co.,  N.  Y.     Paper,  25  cents. 

In  a  tiny  brochure  of  but  a  dozen  octaves,  Wm.  J.  Neidig,  of  Ivos 
Angeles,  now  an  instructor  at  Stanford,  puts  forth  a  strong  poem  of 
the  Holy  Sepulcher — The  First  Wardens.  No  one  in  California  is 
writing  verse  of  cleaner  or  more  forcible  promise  than  Mr.  Neidig's. 

Prom  the  excellent  Quarterly  of  the  Texas  State  Historical  Asso- 
ciation, which  is  doing  so  much  good  work,  Eugene  C.  Barker  re- 
prints in  a  '*  separate  "  his  interesting  paper  on  the  "  Difficulties  of  a 
Mexican  Revenue  Officer  in  Texas." 

Evolution  of  the  Individual  is  an  optimistic  little  book  by  Erank 
Newland  Doud,  M.D.,  which  aims  to  point  a  way  out  of  the  general 
unrest  in  which  society  finds  itself.  The  Reynolds  Pub.  Co.,  53  State 
street,  Chicago.    $1. 

The  Neiv  Doctor,  or  Health  and  Happiness,  is  a  story  inculcating 
many  common-sense  practices  which  would  very  much  cut  down 
the  business  of  the  old  doctors.     S.  M.  Biddle,  Monmouth,  111.     $1. 

In  a  sympathetic  poem,  "  The  Passing  of  the  Village,"  Frances  M. 
Milne,  of  San  Luis  Obispo,  Cal.,  treats  of  the  change  of  that  beauti- 
ful town  by  the  coming  of  the  railroad. 

Thou  Art  the  Man,  by  Frederick  W.  Pangborn,  is  a  story  which 
might  be  of  interest  in  many  churches.  Wright  &  Co.,  1368  Broad- 
way, New  York.     Paper. 

A  friendly  little  edition  of  Robert  Ivouis  Stevenson's  noble  paper 
of  life  and  death,  Aes  Triplex,  is  issued  by  the  Scribners.     50  cents. 

Chas.  F.  Lummis. 


511 

The  20th   Century   West." 

ANNOUNCEMENT. 

EGINNING  with  the  July  number,  the 
Land  of  Sunshine  will  reg-ularly  de- 
vote some   twenty  pages  to  a  depart- 
ment with  the   above  title.     It  will  consist 
of  an  editorial  survey  and  commentary  of 
the  highest  authority,   on    "the  really  big- 
things"  of  current   progress   and    interest, 
supplemented  by    a  great  variety  of    contributed 
articles,  written  by  the  foremost  thinkers  and  workers 
of  the  West.     It  will  deal  particularly  with  the  three 
great  interests  of 

Irrigation — 

Cooperation — 

Colonization. 
No  other  current  literature  now  available  can  compare 
with  the  contents  of  the  department  in  practical  value  to 
the  earnest  men  and  women  who  are  creating  the  civiliza- 
tion of  Western  America  ;  while  to  prospective  investors 
and  homeseekers  it  will  possess  an  interest  wholly  unique. 
A  few  of  many  features  already  arranged  Ifor  will  give  an 
idea  of  the  scope  and  character  of  the  special  contributions 
to  this  department : 

"  How  We  Adjudicated  the  Water  Rights  of  Wyoming," 
by  State  Engineer  Bond. 

"The  Underground  Water  Supplies  of  Italy,"  by  Elwood 
Mead. 

"  How  we  Colonized  Kansas,"  b}^  Edward  Everett  Hale. 
"  The  Cooperative  Stores  of  California,"  by  Prof.  D.  T. 
Fowler.    • 

Other  articles  will  deal  with  the  "Needed  Reforms  in 
State  Water  Laws,"  the  "Relation  of  the  State  and  Na- 
tional Irrigation  Movements,"  the  "  Future  of  our  Fruit 
Exchanges,"  "A  New  Plymouth  in  Idaho,"  "  Lessons  from 
Successful  Colonies,"  "New  Zealand  Institutions  from  our 
Standpoint,"  etc.,  etc.  The  department  will  not  be  dull 
or  dry,  but  full  of  interesting  ideas  and  experience. 

EDITOR   OF   THE   DEPARTMENT. 

As  editor  of  this  new  and  important  department  the  Land 


512 


LAND    OF    SUNSHINE. 


OF  Sunshine  has  eng-ag-ed  the  services  of  William  E. 
Smythe,  founder  of  the  National  Irrigation  Congress  and 
of  the  "  Irrigation  Age,"  and  author  of  the  famous  book, 
"The  Conquest  of  Arid  America."  By  lectures  through- 
out the  United  States  and  by  numerous  contributions  to  the 
Century^   Atlantic^   Forum^    North   American  Review,  and 


W.M.  E.  Smythe. 


other  leading  t)ublications,  Mr.  Smythe  has  won  recogni- 
tion as  a  sound  student  and  enthusiastic  prophet  of  the 
New  West,  and  as  the  foremost  authority  on  its  social  and 
economic  life.  He  will  bring-  to  the  pages  of  this  maga- 
zine the  results  of  ripe  thought  and  experience,  and  his  de- 
partment alone  should  be  worth  the  price  of  a  yearly  sub- 
scription to  all  readers  who  desire  to  keep  abreast  of  the 
tide  of  Western  progress. 


513 

Railroad    Building   Between    Los 
Angeles  and  Salt  Lake  City. 

GTT  is  probably  true — at  least  most  people  believe  it — that  but  for 
j  the  energy  and  activity  of  the  men  who  are  pushing  the  work 
^  of  the  San  Pedro,  Ivos  Angeles  and  Salt  I^ake  Railroad  no  railroad 
construction  would  now  be  going  on  between  Salt  I^ake  City  and  Ivos 
Angeles.  It  is  possibly  true — many  believe  it — that  other  work  in 
that  direction  is  intended  only  to  forestall  the  endeavors  of  Senator 
Clark  and  his  associates,  and  would  at  once  cease  if  they  could  be 
bought  out,  begged  out  or  frightened  out.  It  is  certainly  true 
that  the  Oregon  Short  Ivine — now  at  one  with  both  Union  and 
Southern  Pacific,  and  all  controlled  by  the  powerful  "  Harriman 
syndicate" — has  already  something  like  two  million  dollars  invested 
in  grading  and  building  a  stretch  of  road  which  can  never  justify  its 
existence  except  as  part  of  a  through  line  between  Utah  and  South- 
ern California,  and  is  now  pushing  the  work  toward  I^os  Angeles  as 
fast  as  men  and  money  can  do  it. 

Without  doubt,  if  but  one  line  were  to  connect  Salt  Ivake  City  and 
Ivos  Angeles,  a  large  majority  of  the  business  men  of  both  cities 
would  prefer  that  the  "Clark  line"  should  be  the  one — this  for  the 
sake  of  securing  an  independent  competing  line,  as  well  as  for  senti- 
mental reasons.  Without  doubt,  too,  both  cities  cordially  hope  that 
this  line  will  be  built,  whatever  rival  building  is  done,  and  trust  the 
repeated  assertions  of  the  officials  to  that  effect.  Yet,  after  all,  the 
question  of  preference  between  lines  is  of  less  importance  than  that 
some  line  shall  be  built — and  quickly.  Hope  in  that  direction  has 
already  been  far  too  long  deferred. 

The  Oregon  Short  Ivine's  southwestern  extension,  as  already  sug- 
gested, can  have  but  one  of  two  meanings.  Kither  it  is  a  magnificent 


L.  A.Eng.  Co. 


Matekial  Ready  at  the  Supply  Station. 


C.  R.  Savaere,  Photo. 


First  Publication  of  Official  Map  of  Routk. 


From  One  Tunnel  to  Another. 


Savagre,  Photos. 


;^^^g^ft  J  iiV-^*": 


ir'^W:9t 

^r*-:^ 

^ 

|^>»r---— -    -^l^iJ^llBBii 

m 

1^ 

"%X-^ 

,  ,  -^\  Ji 

^^-,4*  J 

u. 

t    V_^jjl^jBm 

1 

L.  A.  Eng-.  Co.  Tunnel  No.  1,  Showing  Corrugated  Ikon  Sheathing.  Mrs.  Urie,  Photo. 


SALT    LAKE-LOS    ANGELES    RAILROAD. 


517 


L.  A.  Engr.  Co. 


Tunnel  No.  3  in  Clover  Creek  Caxon. 


C.  R.  Savag-e,  Photo. 


"bluff,"  designed  to  choke  off  other  similar  efforts,  or  it  is  g"oing- 
throug-h  to  lyos  Angeles  in  quick  time.  Readers  of  this  magazine 
can  judge  for  themselves  which  is  the  truth  from  this  article  and 
the  accompanying  illustrations. 

The  completed  road  of  the  Oregon  Short  lyine  now  extends  to 
Uvada,  298  miles  from  Salt  Lake  City,  near  the  line  between  Nevada 
and  Utah,  and  regular  daily  trains  (including  sleeping  cars)  are  run 
to  that  point.  Some  years  ago  the  "grade"  was  made  for  forty 
miles  below  that  point,  and  track  actually  laid  for  some  distance. 
But  for  some  reason  the  work  was  then  abandoned  and  the  rails 
taken  up. 

On  the  seventh  of  April  of  this  year  work  began  again  at  this 
point,  the  occasion  doubtless  being  the  attempt  of  the  "  Clark  force" 
to  take  possession  of  the  grade  as  a  part  of  their  route.  The  actual 
physical  contest  for  the  right-of-way — exciting  enough  while  it 
lasted — was  ended  by  temporary  injunction  in  favor  of  the  Short 
Ivine.  Between  that  date  and  June  7th  (the  last  day  of  the  writer's 
visit),  track  was  laid  and  bridges  were  built  over  a  distance  just  short 
of  twenty-five  miles.  This  does  not  mean  that  the  new  road  is  in 
condition  to  carry  heavy  trains  at  speed.  But  it  is  being  rapidly 
made  so. 

The  work  appears  to  this  writer  (who  does  not,  however,  claim  to 
be  an  expert  on  railroad  building)  to  be  done  in  a  solid  and  substan- 
tial manner.  Ties,  stringers,  piling  and  so  on  are  all  new.  The 
60-pound  rails  have  been  taken  from  other  parts  of  the  system,  where 


SALT    LAKE-LOS    ANGELES    RAILROAD.  519 

they  had  been  replaced  by  heavier.  The  reason  given  for  this  is  that 
it  would  be  impossible  to  get  an  order  for  new  rails  filled  without 
long  delay.     At  any  rate,  they  look  like  entirely  competent  rails. 

Beyond  the  end  of  the  new  track,  about  fifteen  miles  of  the  grade 
are  practically  completed,  including  five  tunnels  from  200  to  600  feet 
in  length.  Several  gangs  of  men  are  at  work  on  this  part  of  the  road, 
finishing  the  grade,  building  bridges,  and  otherwise  preparing  for 
laying  the  track.  The  line  here  runs  through  Clover  Creek  Canon, 
picturesque  and  interesting,  but  offering  no  serious  difficulties  from 
the  standpoint  of  modern  railroad  construction. 

The  end  of  the  old  grade  is  at  Clover  Valley  Junction,  forty  miles 
below  Uvada,  and  338  miles  from  Salt  Lake  City.  About  four  miles 
below  this  point,  in  the  "Meadow  Valley  Wash,"  a  grading  camp 
has  been  established  and  graders  are  now  at  work.  Further  down 
the  same  "wash,"  which  is  in  fact  through  considerable  of  its  length  a 
canon  with  lofty  and  all  but  vertical  walls,  the  San  Pedro,  L/Os  An- 
geles and  Salt  I^ake  Railroad  has  established  a  camp  and  now  has  a 
considerable  force  at  work.  It  is  a  safe  prophecy  that  there  will  be 
a  lively  contest  over  the  possession  of  this  canon,  since  there  is  no 
possible  room  for  two  railroads  through  it. 

From  Clover  Valley  Junction  to  Barstow,  on  the  Santa  Fe  Railroad, 
the  distance  over  the  line  surveyed  is  310  miles.  The  present  plan  is 
to  run  the  Short  I^ine  Trains  from  Barstow  into  Ivos  Angeles,  141 
miles,  over  the  Santa  F^.  This  divides  the  789  miles  between  Salt 
I^ake  City  and  L/OS  Angeles  over  this  route  as  follows  :     298  miles 


L.  A.  Eng-.  Co.  On  the  Grade  in  the  Canon.  C.  R.  Savag-e,  Photo. 


m\^ 


'-"4 


The  Uppkr  End  of  Clover  Creek  Canon. 


L.  A.  Enjr.  Co. 


H.\LF  Way  Down  tiU;  Canon.  C.  R.  Savajre,  Photos. 


SALT    LAKE-LOS    ANQELES    RAILROAD.  521 

between  Salt  Lake  City  and  Uvada,  and  141  miles  between  L^os  An- 
geles and  Barstow,  over  which  trains  are  now  running-  ;  40  miles  be- 
tween Uvada  and  Clover  Valley  Junction  partially  completed  ;  310 
miles  between  Clover  Valley  Junction  and  Barstow  still  to  build. 
These  figures  for  distance  are  given  on  the  authority  of  the  Oregon 
Short  Lfine  Engineer's  office.  It  is  only  fair  to  add  that  the  Short 
Line  plans  include  considerable  reconstruction  work  between  Salt 
Lake  City  and  Uvada,  some  of  which  seems  to  this  non-expert  per- 
emptorily necessary  if  heavy  transcontinental  traffic  is  to  be  carried 
over  the  line. 

There  were  at  work  on  the  line  between  Uvada  and  Clover  Valley 
Junction,  during  my  visit,  between  400  anti  500  men.  One  hundred 
and  fifty  more  were  expected  to  arrive  the  next  day,  and  I  was  as- 
sured that  the  number  would  be  still  further  increased  as  rapidly 
as  possible.  Large  supplies  of  ties,  rails,  and  other  material 
were  piled  up  at  the  supply  station,  fifteen  miles  south  of  Uvada,  and 
I  saw  many  trains  loaded  with  material  headed  in  the  same  direction. 

The  unswerving  official  assertion  is  that  Oregon  Short  Line  trains 
will  be  running  through  to  Los  Angeles  before  this  time  next  year. 
And  I  believe  it. 

What  has  been  written  is  mainly  a  statement  of  fact  and  observa- 
tion ;  what  follows  is  purely  personal  opinion  and  without  official 
confirmation.  The  sincerity  of  purpose  of  the  Oregon  Short  Line  in 
building  a  Los  Angeles  road  has  been  questioned,  partly  on  account 
of  previous  false  starts,  partly  because  the  Southern  Pacific-Union 
Pacific  having  already  two  through  lines  into  Los  Angeles  is  as- 
sumed not  to  want  a  third.  Now  the  former  attempt  at  building  the 
line  was  pretty  certainly  crushed  by  Southern  Pacific  opposition. 
When  the  Union  and  Southern  Pacific  were  undpr  separate  control,  it 
was  very  clearly  against  the  Southern  Pacific  interest  that  the  Union 
Pacific  should  have  a  separate  and  far  more  desirable  outlet  to 
Southern  California.  Now  that  the  two  are  under  identical  control, 
the  interest  of  both  lines  in  reaching  Southern  California  by  the 
shortest  and  cheapest  route  is  evident.  Furthermore,  the  new  line 
will  surely  actually  create  a  larger  volume  of  traffic — both  freight 
and  passenger — which  did  not  exist  before.  And  this  applies  not 
merely  to  Salt  Lake  City  and  Los  Angeles  and  the  territory  between. 
For  prosperous  Butte  will  be  only  about  two  days  away  from  Los 
Angeles  over  the  continuous  tracks  of  the  Short  Line.  If  the  build- 
ing of  an  independent  line  between  the  City  of  the  Saints  and  the 
City  of  the  Angels  is  a  sound  proposition  (as  no  one  doubts),  surely  a 
similar  line  with  far  reaching  connections,  already  established,  will 
be  no  less  profitable.  And  the  "  Harriman  syndicate  "  has  not  been 
notable  for  overlooking  any  good  cards  in  the  railroad  game. 

Chas.  Amadon  Moody. 


Xlie     Land     of     Sunshine 

PUBWSHKD   MONTHI.Y   BY 

Tine  Land  of  Sunatiine  Piablietiing  Co. 

(incorporated) 

Rooms  5,  7,  9  ;    121>^  South  Broadway,  Ivos  Angeles,  Cal.,  U.  S.  A. 


HEADS  OF   DEPARTMENTS  SUBSCRIPTION  RATES 

C  M.  Davis       -  -  -        Gen,  Managrer  ,,  -^i.     tt     *  j    o.  *        /-.        j  j 

Chas.  E.  Lummis  -  -  -    Editorial  ^1  \/^^^  *"  *^®  United-  States,  Canada   and 

F.  A.  Pattee  -  -  -  Business  Mexico. 

Chas.  A.  Moody  -  -         Subscription  11.50  a  year  to  other  countries  in  the  Postal 

T.  A.  ScHNELL         ...     News  Stand  Union. 

Entered  at  the  Los  Ancreles  Postoffice  as  second-class  matter. 

'why  Is  It  ?' 

(Extract  from  a  personal  letter  to  the  Editor  of  Land  of  Sunshine.) 

Humboldt  House,  Nev.,  May  27,  1901. 
.  .  .  .  The  ranch  is  sold.  I  have  handed  over  the  deeds  and  got  $10,000  in 
certified  checks.  And  the  Land  of  Sunshine  did  it  for  me.  If  it  hadn't  been 
for  that  adv.  the  ranch  would  have  been  as  far  from  sold  today  as  it  was  a  year 
ago.  I  believe  that  anyone  with  anything  to  sell  can  do  more  by  advertising  in 
the  Land  of  Sunshine  than  through  any  other  medium.  Three  insertions 
brought  me  more  than  three  dozen  answers  in  less  than  three  months,  with  cash 
customers  to  choose  from.  And  now  I  have  sold  my  property  at  my  own  figures 
and  on  my  own  terms.  Why  is  it  that  one  gets  90  per  cent  more  replies  to  an 
advertisement  in  the  Land  of  Sunshine  than  to  the  same  one  in  any  other 
publication  ?  I  can't  understand  it,  unless  it  is  that  the  magazine  reaches  a 
larger  number  of  moneyed  people  than  any  other  Western  publication.     .     .     . 

Idah  M.  Strobridge. 

The  foregoing  is  to  the  point,  so  far  as  it  goes,  and  could  be  fortified  with 
testimonials  from  all  lines  of  business. 

The  Land  of  Sunshine  not  only  "  reaches  more  moneyed  people  than 
any  other  Western  publication,"  but,  on  account  of  its  interesting  and  com- 
petent Westernness,  the  readers  of  the  magazine  East  and  West  are  in  the  very 
nature  of  the  case  those  )vho  are  particularly  interested  in  Western  things — 
whether  such  things  are  ranches,  home-products,  points  of  interest,  hotels,  etc. 
While  a  large  portion  of  its  circulation  goes  into  the  home  circles  of  its  own 
locality,  as  is  logical  of  a  magazine  which  has  made  its  greatest  subscription 
effort  at  home,  it  must  nevertheless  be  borne  in  mind  that  a  magazine  so  repre- 
sentative of  a  unique  field  is  bound,  out  of  sectional  pride,  to  be  sent  broadcast 
after  the  local  reader  has  read  it,  and  will  continue  to  pass  from  hand  to  hand 
when  it  thus  reaches  the  Eastern  field.  In  this  way  its  effectiveness  is  multiplied 
at  home  and  abroad  many  times  beyond  what  the  number  of  copies  published  would 
seem  to  guarantee.  In  point  of  circulation,  it  is  an  interesting  fact  that  the  Land 
ok  Sunshine  not  only  enjoys  the  largest  and  only-certified  circulation  of  any 
Western  magazine  but,  in  proportion  to  the  population  of  its  field,  its  circulation 
surpasses  that  of  any  magazine  East  or  West.  Thus  its  effectiveness  in  a  field 
otherwise  difficult  to  reach  cannot  be  surpassed. 

The  Land  of  Sunshine  also  has  a  most  carefully  devised,  direct  cir- 
culation through  its  Western  and  Eastern  news-stands  and  libraries  and 
through  the  Overland  railway  day  coaches  and  Pullman  libraries,  which  is  a 
veritable  dragnet  in  catching  the  attention  of  visitors  and  travelers  of  use  to 
this  section.  These,  in  connection  with  the  fact  that  the  Land  of  Sunshine 
belongs  to  a  class  of  mediums  which  last  and  are  carefully  read — which  are 
educative  which  leave  lasting  impressions — should  make  it  very  clear  why  it  is 
that  it  brings  results  to  advertisers  who  give  its  pages  a  fair  trial. 


INYVn     TUdTDIPII     nnin    PDCIH     prevents  early  wrinkles.    It  is  not  a  freckle  coatinir ;  it  re- 
nnilU     IDLfliniOflL    UUIU    UnLlll     moves  them.    ANYVO  CO.,  427  N.  Main   St.,  Los  Ansreles. 


The  Land  of  Sunshine, 

Index  to  Vol.  XIV. 

Among-  the  Cocopahs,  ill.,  N.  H.  Chittenden 196 

An  Instance   (poem),  Julia  Boynton  Green 134 

April  Bloom  (poem),  Juliette  E.  Mathis 305 

Arizona's  First  Gubernatorial  "  Mansion,"  illustrated.   119 

At  Indian  Well,  illustrated,  Frances  Anthony 121 

At  Twilig-ht,  from! the  painting-  by  Wm.  Keith 362 

Benavides,    Memorial   of    Fray    Alonso    de,    on   New 

Mexico,    in  1630,   translated  by   Mrs.   Edward  B. 

Ayer,  annotated  by  F.  W.  Hodge,  edited  by  Chas. 

F.  Lummis,  illustrated.  Chaps.  IV,  V,  VI,  39,  137,  227 

Burbank,  Luther,  the  wizard  plant-breeder,  illustrated, 

Chas.  Howard  Shinn 96,  182 

California  Birds,  illustrated,  Elizabeth  Grinnell 376 

California  Classic,  The,  illustrated,  Juan  del  Rio 4 

California,  Relics  of  Old,  illustrated,  Juan  del  Rio. .111,  205 

California  Statistics,  Accurate 53,  135 

California  Thrasher,  The,  ill.,  Elizabeth  Grinnell 19 

Child-Hunters,  The   (story),  Lanier  Bartlett 481 

Cliff-Dweller  Expedition,  C.  F.  L 220 

Colorado  River,   The   (poem),   Sharlot  M.  Hall 275 

Consuelo's  Hour  (story),  Amanda  Matthews 127 

Costanso's  Diary  of  the  Expeditions  to  California  in  1769  485 

Coward,  The  (story),  Salome  Cecil 393 

Di^g-er  Indian  Legends,  L.  M.  Burns 130,  223,  310,  397 

Eagle  Rock  (poem) ,  Blanche  M.  Burbank 38 

Early  Western  History 39,  137,  227,  485 

First  Western  Town  Hall,  The,  illustrated 299 

High  Sierra,  The,  illustrated,  John  Harold  Hamlin 189 

Home,  Sweet  Home  (story),  H.  B.  Tedrow 211 

Honest  and  Dishonest  Reviewees,  C.  F.  L 218 

In  the  Garden  (poem),  Ella  M.  Sexton 226 

In  the  Lion's  Den  (by  the  Editor). .56,  149,  233,  333,  418,  500 

In  Western  Letters,  Chas.  F.  Lummis 26,  300,  391,  475 

With  portraits  of  Ernest  Seton-Thompson  (orig-inal),  Gwen- 
dolen   Overton    (orig-inal),    Constance     Goddard    Du    Bois 
(original),  Florence  Finch  Kelly,  J.  S.  Hittell,  C.  H.  Shinn, 
Sharlot  M.  Hall,  Mary  Austin. 
Journalism  in  California  before   the  Gold  Rush,  Kath- 

erine  A.  Chandler 314,  403 

Lake  Tahoe  (poem),  illustrated,  C.  W.  Doyle 389 


Landmarks  Club 427 

Lo's  Turkish  Bath,  illustrated,  Idah  M.  Strobridge 13 

Marjorie  Daw,  illustrated,  Theodosia  B.  Shepherd 126 

Modern  Zion,  The,  illustrated,  Ralph  E.  Bicknell 449 

New  Mexican  Folk-song,  A,  with  music 318 

Now  a  Conspiracy  of  Silence,  C.  F.  L 497 

On  a  Certain  Condescenscion  in  Easterners,  illustrated, 

C.  F.  L 321,  409,  497 

On  the  Trail  of  Death  (poem) ,  Sharlot  M.  Hall 95 

Purdy,  Carl,  the  Bulb-wizard,   ill.,  C.  H.  Shinn 276 

Rose  of  Yuba  Dam,  The  (story),  M.  M.  Stabler 306 

"Ross  Case,"  The,  C.  F.  L 60,  150,  238,  321,  409,  497 

Sagebrush  Oasis,  A,  illustrated 28 

Seriland  and  the  Seri,  illustrated,  W.  J.  McGee 364,  463 

Sheep-herding  (poem),  Sharlot  M.  Hall 363 

Surprise  Springs  Meteorite,  illustrated,  H.  N.  Rust 11 

Tales  Told  in  the  Patio,  illustrated,  J.  Torrey  Connor..  381 

Te  Deum  Laudamus  (poem),  Eugene  M.  Rhodes 55 

That  Which  is  Written  (reviews  by  the  Editor) 

62,  157,  243,  336,  422,  504 

Transportation,  a  View  of,  Paul  Morton 341 

Twilight  Hill,  A  (poem),  Mary  Austin 181 

Undesirable  Immigrant,  illustrated,  Lucy  Robinson 22 

Untruthful  James,  C.  F.  L 215 

Violets  and  Acacia  (poem),  E.  C.  Tompkins 120 

Wildest  Tribe  in  North  America,  ill.,  W.  J.  McGee..364,  463 

Wind  Song  (poem),  Sharlot  M.  Hall 3 

Wind's  Will,  The  (story),  Grace  Ellery  Channing 32 

Wizards  of  the  Garden,  ill.,C.  H.  Shinn 96,182,  276 


Descriptions  of  Localities,  etc. : 

Azusa,  Chas.  Amadon  Moody 1 63 

Los  Angeles  Floral  Fiesta  and  McKinley 443 

Marketing  California  Oranges  and  Lemons,  A.  H. 

Naf tzger 247 

Pasadena,  C.  D.  Daggett 345 

Porterville,  Cal.,  Chas.  Amadon  Moody 259 

Railroad  Building  from  Salt  Lake  to  Los  Angeles  513 

Redlands,  W.  M.  Tisdale 77 

San  Jose,  Chas.  Amadon  Moody 429 

San  Pedro  Inner  Harbor,  illustrated,  C.  D.  Willard     69 


MUSIC  AND  ART 


Small 

riusical 

Instruments.. 


We  are  headquarters  for  the  vSouth- 
west.  A  complete  stock  of  the  best 
instruments  of  every  kind,  at  low- 
est prices. 


VIOLINS 
MANDOLINS 
MUSIC  BOXES 


BANJOS 

GUITARS 

AUTOHARPS 


SOUTHERN  CALIFORNIA  MUSIC  COMPANY, 

216-318  West  Third  St., 

Bradburj'  Building-. 


(       Worthy 

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^  High  Placcm 

svose 

PIANOS 


won  recognition  many  years  ago  as 
instruments  of  high  grade.  They 
are  to-day  better  in  every  way  than 
ever  before. 

While  investigating  the  various 
makes  of  Pianos,  don't  forget  the 
Vose  is  worthy  of  all  consideration. 

SOLD    FOR   CASH    OR   ON    THE    MONTHLY   PAYMENT 
PLAN 

SOUTHERN  CALIFORNIA  MUSIC  CO., 

216-318  West  Third  St., 
I.OS   ANGEI.es,   CALIFORNIA. 


People  who  know 

say  that  THE    PHOTO- 
MINIATURE  is  the  most 
satisfactory  of  papers 
published  for  amateur 
photographers.      It  tells 
all  about  one  subject  at 
one  time,  with   illustra- 
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to  show  or  get  you  a 
copy.    Twenty-six 
numbers  obtainable— all 
different  subjects. 
Price  25  cents  each. 


No.  27   Ready  July  ist. 

PIN-HOLE    PHOTOGRAPHY 

or  photography  without  a    lens — simply 
written,  charmingly  illustrated. 


TENNANT  &  WARD,  Publishers.  NEW  YORK 


Los  Angeles 
Cal.       ^ 


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MISCELLANEOUS 


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An  FAnln  Watch  always  has  the  word  "Elgin"  engraved  on  the  works— fully  guaranteed, 
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NO    BARGAINS       N     EYESIGHT   i 


Have  your  eyes  attended  to  by  people  who  are 
reliable,  and  who  do  nothings  but  fit  eyes. 
We    make    a     specialty    of     difficult     cases. 

LOS  ANGELES  OPTICAL  CO.  oculists,  opticians 

319    S.    SPRIIMC,    ST.,    LOS    ANGELES 


( 


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THE  NATURAL  BODY  BRACE 

CURES  AILMENTS  PECULIAR  TO  WOMEN 
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BE  HEALTHY  AND  STRONG  I  'ift  you  into  it.     Lot  ustell  you  how  in  our  illus- 

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Kb  MORE  Al  IKACIIVh  |  with  letters  from   delighted  customers.    Write 

WORK  AND  WALK  WITH  EASE  j  for  it  today. 
The  following  letter  is  one  of  many  thousands: 

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treated  *iy  tonio  of  the  iNJSt  iperialitU  in  tb«  country  without  avail.  Your  braro  cured  nic.  The 
organs  have  gone  back  to  proper  position  and  rcmuiit  there.  Mrs.  (i.  C.  Shutuan. 

MONEY  REFUNDED  IF  BRACE  IS  NOT  SATISFACTORY. 
Addrea*  TIIK  NATUIf  \1.  IIOI>V   HKA<'K  4'0..   Box    7r»»    Aallnu,  Kanaaj. 

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Cbe  £icR  [)OM$e^^ 

In  the  business  heart  of  San  Francisco. 
Just  a  step  from  car  lines  reaching  every 
part  of  the  city. 

HEflDQUAI^TEHS    FOR 

TOURISTS  AfiD  miriiriQ  £nEN 


Modern,  newly  fitted  and  managed  with  the 
utmost  regard  to  the  comfort  and  convenience  of 
its  guests.  G.  W.  KINGSBURY,  Mgr. 


STRAW  HAT  CLEANINE  instantly  cleans  old  straw 
hats  like  new.  Eflficient  and  economical.  By 
mail  postpaid,  25  cts.  a  packaere.  J.  KRAUSS, 
Hatter,  230  N.  Eutaw  St.,  Baltimore,  Md. 


WE  SELL  THE  EARTH 


BASSETT  &  SMITH 


We  deal  in  all  kinds  of  Real  Estate. 
Orchard  and  Resident  Property. 
Write  for  descriptive  pamphlet. 

232  W.  Second  St.,  Room  208,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Particular 
Parties 


Come  here  after  the 
Theatre  for 

RErRESHMENTS  and 
DINNERS  .  .  . 

Because   they  do   not  meet    any  rough 
element  here.     35  PRIVATE  DINING 
ROOMS.    THE  BEST  AT 
POPULAR  PRICES. 

THE  DEL  MONTE  I^A 


REDLANDS3  CALIFORNIA 

A    CITY    OF    BEAUTIFUL    HOMES 

AND     FINE     ORANGE    GROVES 

Climate  unsurpassed,  magruificent  scenery,  ex- 
cellent schools  and  churches,  best  of  society,  no 
saloons.  If  you  want  a  home  in  Southern  Califor- 
nia, or  a  navel  orangre  grove  as  an  investment, 
call  upon  or  address:  JOHN  P.  FISK,  Rooms  1 
and  2,  Union  Bank  Block,  Redlands,  California. 


Help— 411  Kinds.    See  ilummel  Bros.  &  Co.    300  W.  Second  St    Tel.  Main  509 


EDUCATIONAL 


POMONA  COLLEGE 


Claremont, 
California. 


Courses  leading  to  degrees  of  B.A.,  B.S.,  and 
B.  L.  Its  degrees  are  recognized  by  Univer- 
sity of  California,  Stanford  University,  and 
all  the  Eastern  Universities. 

Also  preparatory  School,  fitting  for  all 
Colleges,  and  a  School  of  Music  of  high 
grade.       Address, 

FRANK  li.  FERGUSON,  President 


THE  CHAFFEY  SCHOOL  SJuVrc... 

Most  healthful  and  beautiful  location.  Well 
endowed.  Prepares  for  any  university.  Teach- 
ing or  business  Fully  accredited  by 
State  UniTerslty. 

GIRLS  trained  for  the  home  and  society  by  cultured  lady  teach- 
ers at  Elm  Hall.    Special  teacher  in  domestic  economy. 

BOYS  developed  in  manly  qualities  and  business  habits  by 
gentlemen  teachers  at  West  Hall.     Individual  attention. 

PikDO  and  Voice,  resident  teachers,  highest  standards. 

niostrated  caUlogue.  DEAN  WILLUH  T.  RANDALL. 


THE     HARVARD    SCHOOL 

(MILITARY) 

LOS    ANGELES,    CAL. 

An  Eng-lish  Classical  Boarding- and  Day  School 
for  Boys. 

GRENVILLE  C.  EMERY,  A.  B., 
Head  Master. 

Reference  :  Chas.  W.  Eliot,  LL.  D.,  President 

Harvard  University. 
Hon.  Wra.  P.  Frye,  Pres't  pro  tern.  U.  S.  Senate. 


IaV  more-learn  more 


We  will  teach  you  book-keeping" 
thoroufirhly  by  mail  for  S5.00  or 
refund  your  money. 

IMPERIAL  CO.,  P.O.  Box  4432,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


A  FOUNTAIN  PEN  FOR  25  CENTS 

Complete  in  every  detail  — made  of  hard  rubber 
--(fold  plated  pen.  Your  money  back  if  you 
want  it. 

BOOK  -  KEEPERS       CLERKS 

A  Cakd  that  will  save  you  many  hours  a  week 
for  It) cents.     Pkn  and  Cakd.  i>ostpai(l,  3u cents. 

IMPERIAL  CO.,  P.O.  ik>x  4432,  Sta.  R,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 


Occidental  College 

LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 

Three  Courses :    classical.  Literary, 

Scientific,  leading-  to  depress  of  A.  B.,  B.  L.,  and 
B.  S.    Thoroug^h  Preparatory  Department. 

First  semester  beg-an  September  26, 1900. 

Address  the  President, 

Rev.  Guy  W.  TVadsworth. 

PASADENA 

130-lfc4    S.    EUCLID    AVENUE 
MISS  ORTON'S  BOARDING  AND 
DAY  SCHOOI.  FOR  GIRT..S. 

New  Buildings.  Gymnasium.  Special  care  of 
health.  Entire  charg-e  taken  of  pupils  during- 
school  year  and  summer  vacation.  Certificate 
admits  to  Eastern  Colleg-es.  European  teachers 
in  art  and  music.     12th  year  begins  Oct.,  1901. 


Formerly  Casa  de  Rosas. 

GIRLS'  COLLEGIATE  SCHOOL 

Adams  and  Hoover  Sts., 
I<o8  Ang^eles,  Cal. 
Alice  K.  Parsons,  B.A., 

JbANNB  W.   DBNIfBlf, 

Principals. 

College  of  Immaculate  Heart 

Select  boarding  School 
for  young  ladies 


For  particulars  address  Sister  Superior, 
Pico  Heig-hts,  Los  Ang-eles,  Cal. 


The  Brownsberger  Home 


School 


953  W.  7tli  St. 


SHORTHAND  AND 

TYPEWRITING 

Tel.  Peter  6S11 

More  Typewriters  in  use  in  this  school  than  in 
any  other  school  in  California.  Only  individual 
work.  Machine  at  home  free.  The  only  school 
on  the  Coast  doing-  practical  office  work.  Even- 
ing school  every  evening-.  Send  for  handsome 
new  catalog-ue. 


los  ^q^e/e6 


'2.\'2.    AaZ&ST    third    ST. 

Is  the  oldest  established,  has  the  larg-est  attendance,  and  is  the  best  equipped 
business  coUeg-e  on  the  Pacific  Coast.     Catalogue  and  circulars  free. 

John  A.  Smith,  Burnt  Wood  Novelties,  Hardwood  Floors,  Grille-work,  456  S.  Broadway 


INVESTMENTS 


®Sim 


Southern  California 


should 
not  fail  to  see 

AZUSA 

24  miles  from  Los  Ang-eles, 
on  the  Kite-shaped  track  of 
the  Santa  Fe  Ry. 

It  has  first-class  hotel  accommodations,  good  drives  and  fine  scenic  sur- 
roundings. Its  educational,  social  and  religious  facilities  are  complete. 
It  is  surrounded  by  the  most  productive  and  beautiful  orange  and  lemon 
groves  in  the  world,  and  as  a  place  of  residence  is  warmer  in  winter  and 
cooler  in  summer  than  many  other  famous  orange  districts. 
For  especial  information  or  complete  and  handsome  illustrated  literature, 

"  ^AfuS^^^Sn^r^  Chamber  of  Commerce 


Visitors 


HOTEL  AZUSA. 


Write 


Do  You  Want  to  Know 


About 

Riverside 

Orange 

Groves 

and 

other 

Real 

Estate 


in  Southern 

California  7 

If  so. 

we  should 

be  glad 

to  Inform 

you. 


PADDOCK  &  DAVIS 

RIVERSIDE,    CaL. 


\t  im  CQiitiia  oiies  m 
Slipped  ifoii  \t  nwmi 


OIL    LANDS 

We  hold  ten  and  a  quarter  sections  of  prom- 
ising- Oil  l^ands  in  what  will  soon  be  an  active 
field.  If  you  wish  to  buy  Oil  Lands  call  and 
anvestig^ate.  DRV   LftKE  OIL  CO., 

Room   7  F.   A.    Pattee,    Secretary 

121^  South  Broadway  LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 


Orantfe  and  Ivemon  lands, 
with  water,  $50  up. 

Deciduous,  Dairying-  and 
Alfalfa  lands,  $20  up. 

Sales  are  now  being-  made  at 
these  prices.  For  ftiU  infor- 
mation apply  to 

»iorf  Boorfl  01  Trade, 
Ponerifiiie,  coiiiornifl. 


We  Sell  Orange  Orchards 

That  pay  a  steady  investment,  with  g-ood  water  rights.     We  have  them  in  the 
suburbs  of  Pasadena,  finely  located  for  homes,  also  in  the  country  for  profit. 

FINE  HOMES  IN  PASADENA  A  SPECIALTY. 
WOOD  &  CHUKCH,  16  S.  Raymond  Avenue,  Pasadena,  Cal. 


INVESTMENTS,  ETC. 


OLDEST  AND  LARGEST  BANK  IN  SOUTHERN 
CALIFORNIA. 

farmers  and  Merchants  Bank 

OF  LOS  ANGELES,  CAL 

Capital  (  paid  up )      .    .    $500,000.00 

Surplus  and  Reserve     .      925.000.00 

Total    ....    $1,425,000.00 

OFFICERS 

I.  W.  Hellman,  Prest.      H.  W.  Hellman.  V  -Prest. 

Henry  J.  Fleishman,  Cashier 

GUSTAV  Heimann,  Assistant  Cashier 

DIRECTORS 

W.   H.   Perry,  C.   E.  Thorn,         J.  F.  Francis, 

O.  W.  Childs.    I.  W.  Hellman,  Jr..  I.  N.  Van  Nuys, 

A.  Giassell,     H.  W.  Hellman.     I.  W.  Hellman. 

Special  Collection  Department.    Correspondence 
Invited.    Safety  Deposit  Boxes  for  rent. 

First  National  Bank 

OF  I.OS  ANGEIiBS. 

Largut  National  Bank  in  Soutiitrn 
California. 


W.  C  Hatterson.  Prest.  P.  M.  Green.  Vice  Pres 

Frank  P.  Flint,  Second  Vice- Prest. 

W.  D   WOOLWINE,  Cashier 

E.  W.  COE,  Assistant  Cashier 


Cor.  First  and  Spring  Streets 


Capital  Stock 
Surplus     - 


$600,000 
100.000 


This  bank  has  the  best  location  of  any  bank  in 
Los  Angeles.  It  has  the  largest  capital  of  any 
National  Bank  In  South srn  California,  and  is  the  only 
United  States  Depositary  in  Southern  California. 


Capital  Stock $400,000 

Surplus  and  Undivi '.ed  Profits  over 260.000 

J.  M.  Elliott,  Prest.  W.  G.  Kerckhoff,  V.-Prest. 

Frank  A.  Gibson,  Cashier 

W.  T.  S.  Hammond,  Assistant  Cashier 

DIRECTORS 

J.  D.  Blcknell.     H.  Jevne,  W.  G.  Kerckhoff. 

J.  M.  Elliott.         F.  Q.  Story,       J.  D.  Hooker, 

J.  C.  Drake. 
All  Departments  of  a    Modern    Banking    Business 
Conducted. 


Oil  LANDS 


We  have  for  sale  all  or  part  of  four  sec- 
tions of  land  having- promisingr  oil  indi- 
cations. It  lies  from  four  to  ten  miles 
from  the  S.  P.  Ry.,  and  has  easy  down 
grade  adapted  to  pipe  line.  Development 
is  progressing-  in  the  vicinity,  and  as 
soon  as  oil  is  actually  struck  and  the 
territory  thus  proved,  values  will  greatly 
increase.  Now  is  the  time  to  buy,  if  you 
are  interested. 

SANDSTONE  OIL  AND  MINING  CO. 

F.  A.  Pattee,  Secretary, 

Room  5,  No.  12lK  S.  Broadway, 

Los  .Xncreles,  Gal. 


,>^.     jr       ORANGE  AND    LEMON 
<^  y^  GROVES 

The  most  profitable  varieties  on  the  best  soil,  in 
the  finest  condition.     I  have   more   than   I   want   to 


-t- 


NOW  PAYING  A  GOOD 

INCOINE  ON  PRICE 

REQUIRED. 


rvt/r* 


WILL  PAY  A  BETTER 

INCOME  AS  TREES 

GET  OLDER. 


take  care  of,  and  will  sell  part  in  ten-acre  tracts  at  prices 
below  present  conservative  values.     Write  me  for 


% 


particulars.    Better  yet,  come  and  see  property, 

A.  P.  GRIFFITH,  Azusa.Cal. 


;^ 


sv 


FOR  THE  TABLE 


BRO-HAN-GELON 


^^HID  BOOKLEI^ 


J^H^IlBERfi^NEidiM 


Maier  &  Zobelein 
Brewery 

LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 


BOTTLED    BEER 

For  Family  use  and  Export  a  specialty. 

A  pure,  wholesome  beverage,  recommended  by 
prominent    physicians. 

OFFrCE,    440   ALISO  STREET 
Telephone  m  91 


1 

[XTRAORDINARY  n^^res 

We  will  ship  two  cases  of  our  BE^ST  WINES,  assorted, 
as  a  sample  order,  to  any  point  in  the  United  States,  de- 
livered free  of  freight,  for 

©nly  $11.00 

These  wines  are  selected  from  California's  choicest  vint- 
ages, and  rank  in  the  same  class  with  the  finest  imported 
brands. 

Our  wines  were  awarded  the  Bronze  Medal  at  the  Paris 
Exposition  of  1900. 

EDWARD  GERMAIN  WINE  CO.^e 

393-395-397-399   S.  Los  Angeles,   St.,  Los  Angeles,  California 

( 

MISCELLANEOUS 


NERVE    FORCE 


is  a  Home  Remedy  ;  a  noble  UNGUENT  for  ex 
ternal  application.  It  is  founded  upon  the  princi 
pie  that  Suffering-,  Premature  Decline  and  Prema 
ture   Death  are  the   direct  and  indirect  results  o 

DORMANT  CIRCULATION; 

that  rescue  can  only  be  assured  by  its  re  establishment  by  direct! 
charg-inj,^  the  controlling- battery -cells  with  an  element  imitating  the  nerve 
force,  prepared  for  tliat  purpose  by  Nature.  This  imitative  element  is  ou 
faithful  NERVE-FORCE,  and  it  will  positively  re-establish  the  mos 
slugg-ish  circulation  to  normal.  It  has  won  for  us  man^^  g"old  medal 
for  life-saving  in  the  past  eighteen  years.  We  do  not,  however,  ad 
vertise  it— but  our  NERVE-FORCE  Journal,  which  explains  its  ever 
detail.  We  send  this  publication  free,  in  plain  envelope,  to  as  many  ad 
dresses  as  you  may  send  us. 

We  appeal  especially  to  the  "chronically  ill"  who  are  wearied  an< 
discouraged  with  "stomach  dosing"  as  a  means  of  warfare  agains 
Disease  ;  to  sufferers  threatened  with  cruel  "operations";  to  men  and  women  who,  in  spit 
of  heroic  efforts  for  cure,  feel  themselves  steadily  declining  ;  to  men  and  women  who  ar 
victims  of  sedentary  employment  or  excessive  "brain  exhaustion",  and  to  those  who  hav 
been  cast  aside  as  "incurable".     Mr.  and  Mrs.  Geo.  A.  Corwin,  1477  Mt.lVlDrrls  Bank  BIdg.,  New  York  City. 


MKS.  GEO.  A.  COKWIN 


Beautiful  Bust 


Guaranteed. 

r.ORSIQlE  positively 
fills  out  all  hollow  and 
scrawny    places,    de- 
velopes  and  adds  per- 
fect shape  to  the 
whole       form 
wherever    de- 
ficient. 


GUARANTEED 
TO 


DEVELOP 


Curslque    positively  SMY     DIICT 

enlargeg    Bu8t.       It    is  Alii      DUu  I 

the     Orlfflnal      French         <"*  "^on^V  Refunded. 
Form  and  Bust  Developer  and  Never  Falls. 

Send  2  cent  stamp  for  booklet  showing-  a  per- 
fectly developed  form,  with  full  instructions 
how  tobecome  beautiful.     Write  to-day. 

MadameTaxis  Toilet  Co. 

63(1  and  Monroe  Ave.     Dept.  12. 

Chicago,  111. 


SUR£    CURE   FOR    PILES^ 

ncilINi,  )'iles  pr.xliicc  moisture  nn<l  cause  ltchin>j.  This  form, 
ns  «rll  •'«'•  HliiiJ  moL.iInu  ,,r  I'rotrudinjr  I'i'es  are  cured  by 
Dr.  Bo-iM-ko's  PUe  Remedy.  Stops  itchintf  and  l.lopdinir  Ah- 
s..rl»s  tumors.  50c.  ajar  at  drug-jists  or  s.iit  l.y  mail.  Tr.atise  free 
Write  nic  about  your  case.         DE.  BOSANKO,  Philadelphia  Pa.' 


A     PERFECT    BUST 


-*"^' 


Can  quickly  be  gained  if  you  use  the  famous  new  "Nadine" 
system  of  development  Tlie  marvelous  and  unusual  suc- 
cess with  wh'ch  Mme  Ha-itinps'  Bustand  Form  devolopine 
treatmeut  is  meeting  everywhere  makes  it  acknowledged 
by  society,  the  medical  profession,  and  even  by  our  coui- 
petitors  as  distinctly  the  f^eer  of  all  known  developers. 
Unattractive  and  masculine  chested  women  are  readily 
transformed  into  superb  and  attractive  figures.  All  hollow 
or  slighted  parts  are  rapidly  filled  out  and  made  beautiful 
in  contour.  It  never  fails  una  is  absolutely  guaranteed  t«. 
enlarge  the  female  bust  at  east  six  inches.  J'ou  will 
have  the  personal  attention  by  mail  of  a  Face 
and  Form  Specialist  until  lievclopment  is  en- 
tirely completed.  Failure  is  impossible  Special  direc. 
tinos  are  also  given  for  luakingthe  Neck  and  Arms  and 
other  parts  full  and  flump.  Perfectly  harmless  ;  all 
devvlojiment  is  iuvariablv  permanent.  Detailed  instruc- 
tions are  alio  given  by  which  15  to  80  healthy  ponnds  ran 
be  added  to  the  body  generally,  when  so  desired  Instruc- 
tions, photos,  and  referenrex,  sealed,  free  Kncloee  stamp 
for  postaee.  MME.  HASTINGS,  A.  8.,  69  Dearborn  Street, 
Ohicago,  Illinois. 


DINNER  SET 


FREE 


t 


fur  selling  24  boxes  Salvona  Soiips  or  bottles  Salvona  Perfumes  To  in 
tHKliiee  our  Soaps  and  Perfumes,  we  jrivo  free  to  everv  mireJiaser  of  a 
Ik)x  or  »K)ttle,  a  l)eautiful  cut  glass  imttern  l()-inch  fniit  Ik)w1  or  elioice  of 
many  other  valiuible  articles.  To  the  agi'iit  who  sells  '.'4  boxes  soap  we 
„     ^     „.      ,        ,      ,  _  Rive  our  50.piece  Dinner  Set,  full  size,  liandsomely  decorated  and  gold 

lined.  We  also  give  <'urtalnm  CouohemRopkcra,  Hpnrtlnir  Ooodit,  l^owlnir  .MucbineM.  Parlor  LamnM,  Muaioal 
Inatrumcnta  of  all  kind*  and  many  other  premiums  for  selling  Salvona  Soaps  and  Perfumes.  We  allow  you  I.'')  days 
^O  deliver  ^roods  and  colhvt  for  them.  We  give  cash  coMunission  if  desired.  >«  money  reoulred.  Write  to-<iay 
or  our  liandsome  must rattHl  catalogue  free.    8ALVONA  hOAI»  CO.,    »iecond  <!■  LoeuMt  8U..    ST.  LOlIS,  MO. 


i 


TRANSPORTATION 


The  Mexican  Central  Railway 
Company,  umited 

CALLS  ATTENTION  TO  THE  FACT  THAT 

IT  IS  the  only  Standard  Gauge    Route   from    the    United   States 

Frontier. 
IT  IS  the  only  line  in  Mexico  that  can  offer  the  traveling-  public 

the  conveniences  and  comforts  of  Standard  Gauge  Pullman 

Buffet  Drawing  Room  Sleepers,  lighted  by  Pintch  gas. 
IT  IS  the  only  line  by  which  you  can  travel  WITHOUT  CHANGE 

from  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  to  Mexico  Citv. 
IT  IS  the  only  line  by  which  you  can  travel  WITHOUT  CHANGE 

from  St.  lyouis,  Mo.,  to  Mexico  City. 

The  lines  of  the  Mexican  Central  Railway  pass  through  15  of 
the  27  states  of  the  Republic.  Eight  million  of  the  thirteen  mil- 
lion inhabitants  of  Mexico  are  settled  contiguous  to  them. 

The  principal  mining  regions  receive  their  supplies  and  export 
their  products  over  it  ;  Chihuahua,  Sierra  Mojada,  Mapimi,  Fres- 
nillo,  Parral,  Guanacevi,  Durango,  Zacatecas,  Guanajuato,  Som- 
brerete,  Pachuca,  etc.,  etc. 

WHEN    YOU    TRAVEL    FOR    BUSINESS, 
00  WHERE  BUSINESS  IS  DONE. 


There  are  only  five  cities  of  over  35,000  inhabitants  in  the 
Republic  of  Mexico  that  are  not  reached  by  the  Mexican  Central 
Eine. 

The  following  ten  cities  are  reached  only  by  the  Mexican 
Central  Railway  : 


Inhabitants 

Chihuahua 40,000 

Parral 20,000 

Zacatecas 60,000 

Guanajuato 60,000 

Eeon 90,000 


Inhabitants 

Guadalajara 125,000 

Queretaro 45,000 

Zamora 30,000 

Aguascalientes 40,000 

Irapuato 20,000 


It  also  directly  reaches  the  cities  of 


Inhabitants 

Torreon 15,000 

San  Euis  Potosi 75,000 

Tampico      (Mexica^n  Gulf     25,000 


Inhabitants 

Celaya 25,000 

Pachuca 60,000 

City  of  Mexico 400,000 


A.  F.  ANDRADE, 

Gen'l  Agent  M.  C.  Ky., 
138  Montgomery  St.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


C.  R.  HUDSON, 

G.  F.  &  P.  A. 


W.  D.  MURDOCK, 
Mexico  City.  A.  G.  P.  A. 


lleJp— All  Kinds.    See  llummel  Bros.  &  Co.     300  W.  Seconil  St.     Tei.  Main  509 


miemmiimmmmmBtftmmatfttim 


California 
Limited 


i 


: 


After  June  3^  and  during  the  summer^ 
this  train  will  run  semi-weekly,  leaving 
Los  Angeles  at  6:00  p»m*  Mondays 
and  Thursdays,  arriving  at  Chicago  at 
2:15  p.m»  Thursdays  and  Sundays* 
No  other  train  compares  with  it  for 
beauty  or  perfection  of  service. 


[  Santa  Fe 


^«:::a£:i::»8:j3S3 


flMMMMMiiiiiiili 


Mc'^Ah:^ 


TRANSPORTATION 


The  Scenic  Route  to  the  [ast 

IS  THE  SOUTHERN  PACIFIC  CO.'S  OGDEN  ROUTE  AND  THE 
RIO  GRANDE  WESTERN  RAILWAY.  IN  CONNECTION  WITH 
EITHER  THE  DENVER  AND  RIO  GRANDE  OR  COLORADO 
MIDLAND     RAILROADS 


STOP- 
OVER 
PRIVILEGE 

AT 
SALT  LAKE 

CITY, 

GLENWOOD, 

MANITOU, 

COLORADO 

SPRINGS, 

DENVER, 

ETC. 


THREE 

FAST 
THROUGH 
TRAINS 

DAILY, 
THROUGH 
SLEEPERS 

AND 

DINING 

CARS, 

ETC. 


EXCIRSION  RATES  TO  BirfALO,  ETC. 


For  details,  illustrated  folders,  etc.,  inquire  of 


GEO.  W.  HEINTZ 

General  Passengrer  Aeretit 

SALT  LAKE  CITY 


F.  W.  THOMPSON 

General  Agrent  625  Market  St. 

SAN   FRANCISCO 


[ 


^v^- 
^^^- 


TRANSPORTATION 


I  Qet  a  Breath  of  Sea  Air... 

I  or  the  Ozone  of  the  Foot«hilIs  by  means  of 

THE  LOS  ANOElES-PACIfIC  RY. 

The  Delightful  Scenic  Route 

•  .To  Santa  cMonica 

And  Hollywood 

Fln«,  Comfort«bleOb8irvation  Cars  Free  from  Smoke,  etc 

Cars  leave  Fourth  street  and  Broadwaj  ,  Los  Ancreles,  for  Santa  Monica  via.  Sixteenth 
street,  every  half  hour  from  6:35  a.m.  to  6:35  p.m.,  then  each  hour  till  11:35  :  or  via  Bellevue 
Ave.,  for  Coletrrove  and  Sherman  every  hour  from  6:15  a.m.  to  11:15  p.m.  Cars  leave  Ocean 
Park,  Santa  Monica,  for  Los  Antreles,  at  5:-^)  and  6:40  a.m.  and  every  half  hour  thereafter 
till  7:40  p.m.,  and  at  8:40,  9:40  and  10:40  p.m. 

Cars  leave  Los  Antreles  for  Santa  Monica  via.  Hollywood  and  Sherman  via.  Bellevue 
Ave.,  every  hour  from  6:45  a.m.  to  5;45  p.m.,  and  to  Hollywood  only  every  hour  thereafter. 

*«'>  For  complete  time-table  and  particulars  call  at  office  of  company. 

Sing-le  Round  Trip,  50c.    Half  Rates  by  commutation  tickets. 

316-322    WEST    FOURTH    STREET,    LOS    ANGELES 

TROi:.I.EY  PARTIES  BY  DAY  OB  NIGHT  A  SPECIAI.TY. 

Especially  arranged  and  illuminated  private  cars  at  the  disposal  of  those 
who  wish  to  have  a  secliisive  evening-  on  wheels.  They  are  the 
thing.     Full  of  novelty,  exhilaration  and  enjoyment. 


Merchants  Transfer  Co. 


25c.  AND  35c. 

to  all  parts  of 
the  city. 


Hold    your    FHf;gag;e    Checks    until    you 
caa  phone  us. 

ARNOLD    HOLST,    PROP. 

122  N.  Broadway,  Los  Angeles,  Cat. 

Phone  James  3326 


Great 

Rock  Island 
Route 


ExGiiisloqs 


■      EAST 

Leave  Los  Angreles  every  Tuesday,  Friday  and 
Saturday,  via  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  "Scenic 
Line,"  and  by  the  popular  Southern  Route  every 
Thursday.  Low  rates  ;  quick  time  ;  competent 
manag-ers;  Pullman  upholstered  cars;  union 
depot,  Chicag-o.  Our  cars  are  attached  to  the 
"  Boston  and  New  York  Special,"  via  Lake 
Shore,  New  York  Central  and  Boston  <&  Albany 
Railways. 
For  maps,  rates,  etc.,  call  on  or  address 

T.  J.  CLARK,  Gen'l  Asrt.  Pass.  Dept., 
237  South  Spring-  St.  Los  Ang-eles. 

Personally  Conducted 


REDONDO    BEACH    RAILWAY 


LEAVE 


LOS    ANGELES 

♦):i5am 
1:30  pm 
5:30  pm 


City  Oftice  2-M.  S.  Spring  St. 


-■•-"-'    I'm 

'11:30  pm         *Saturdaysonly 


ARRIVE     LOS    ANGELES 

8:45  am 
11:50  am 

5:u5  pm 
'''7:2U  pm 


REOONDO  RAILWAY  CO.,  DcihX,  Jefferson  St.  and  Grand  Ave.,  Los  Angeles  L.  J.  PERRY,  Supt. 


ANYVO  THEIITRieAl  COID  GREAM 


prevents  early  wrinkles.     It  is  not  a  freckle  coating- ;   it  re- 
moves them.    ANYVO  CO.,  427  N    Main   St.,  Los  Anireles. 


TRANSPORTATION 


To  most  persons  climatic  changfes,  in  kind  if  not  in  de- 
gfrect  arc  as  needful  to  g:ood  health  and  to  longevity  as 
food  is  to  digfestion. 

A  VACATION 

should  be  an  investment  in  health.  Whether  you  prefer 
the 

SEA  OR  MOUNTAINS 

any  agent  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Company  can  furnish 
you  with  literature  interesting  and  instructive.  Just  drop 
a  postal  or  call. 

SOUTHERN  PACIFIC  COMPANY, 

Los  Angeles  Ticket  Office,  26\  South  Spring  Street. 


Pacific  Coast  Steamship  COr 


The  company's  eleg-ant  steam- 
ers leave  as  follows  : 

FOR  SAN  FRANCISCO, 

calling- onlj'  at  Redondo,  Port 

Los  Ang-eles  and  Santa 

Barbara. 


Leave  REDONDO.  SANTA  ROSA  and 
QUEEN,  Wednesdays  and  Saturdays,  8  a.m. 

Leave  PORT  LOS  ANGELES.  SANTA  ROSA 
and   QUEEN,   Wednesdays    and     Saturdays, 

11:30  a.m. 

Arrive  at  San  Francisco  Thursdays  and  Sun- 
days, 1  p.m. 

Leave  SAN  PEDRO.  CORONA  and  BONITA, 
Mondays  and  Thursdays,  6:25  p.m. 

Leave  EAST  SAN  PEDRO.  CORONA  and 
BONITA,  Mondays  and  Thursdays,  6:30  p.m. 

FOR  SAN  DIEGO. 

Leave  PORT  LOS  ANGELES.  SANTA  ROSA 
and  QUEEN,  Mondays  and  Thursdays,  4  p.m. 

Leave  REDONDO.  SANTA  ROSA  and 
QUEEN,  Mondays  and  Thursdays,  8  p.m. 

Due  at  San  Dieg-o  Tuesdays  and  Fridays,  6  a.m. 


The  company  reserves  the  rig-ht  to  chang-e 
steamers,  sailing-  days,  and  hours  of  sailing-, 
without  previous  notice. 

W.  PARRIS,  Ag-ent,  124  West  Second  St.,  Los 
Angreles.  GOODALL,  PERKINS  &  CO.,  Gen- 
eral Afirents,  San  Francisco. 


^ 


PAN  AMERICAN   EXPOSITION 
BUFFALO 


(A 

Z 

H 

si 


m^ 


Linked 
T0GETHBR5 

In  commerce  arvcl  travel 
by  the 

I^HIGH 

\^LLEY 

Railroad 


SOLID    VESTIBULE 
TRAINS 


W\ 


Dining  CiRs 

A  Icx  carte 

$CBNE>RY 

Entrancing 
Route  of  +he 

Black  Diamond 

BXPReSS 

WRITE 
CHAS  S.LEE,  General  Passenger  Agent 
New  York,For  Descriptive  Booklet 
OF  The  Route 


cr 
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It  or 

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THE      SOUTH 
VIA  NEW  YORK  OR  PHILADELPHIA 


mij 


PRINTER'S  ARTS 


YOIB  CHOICE  AT  HAir-PBICE 

Half-tone  and 
Line  Etching  Cuts 

We  have  accumulated  over  2000  cuts  of  Cali- 
fornia, Arizona,  and  New  Mexico  subjects 
which  have  been  used  in  the  Land  of  Sun- 
shine. They  are  practically  as  good  as  new, 
but  will  be  sold  at  half-price,  viz.,  854c  a 
square  inch  for  half-tones  larsrer  than  twelve 
square  inches  and  $1  for  those  under  that 
size  with  40c  additional  for  vig-nettes.  I*ine 
etchingrs,  5c  a  square  inch  for  those  over 
ten  square  inches  and  50c  for  those  under 
that  size. 

If  you  cannot  call  at  our  office  send  $1.50 
to  cover  express  charjres  on  proof  book  to  be 
sent  to  you  for  inspection  and  return.  The 
book  is  not  for  sale  and  must  be  returned 
promptly. 

If  you  order  cuts  to  the  amount  of  $5  the 
cost  of  expressag-e  on  the  proof  book  will  be 
refunded. 

Land  of  Sunshine  Pub.  Co. 

Room  7,   No.  121  >^  S.   Broadway 
Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Ramona  Toilet  3o  A  p 


FOR 
EVERYWHERE 


LITERATURE 


-"==^^ 


..==m^^ 


A  FEW  EXPRE$$IO^S  OF  OPINION  CONCERNING  IT 

The  Argonaut  is  the  best  known  and  perhaps  the  most  influential 
weekly  on  the  Pacific  Coast.— New  York  Times,  May  5,  1899. 

The  San  Francisco  Arg-onaut  is  one  of  the  leading-  papers  of 
America.— Pall  Mall  Gazette,  April  23,  1900. 

The  San  Francisco  Argronaut  is  by  all  odds  the  ablest  and  most 
widely  read  weekly  on  the  Pacific  Coast.— Spring-field  Republican. 

The  San  Francisco  Arg-onaut  is  perhaps  more  g-enerally  quoted 
throug-hout  the  leng-th  and  breadth  of  the  land  than  any  similar 
periodical.— Provicence  (R.  I.)  News. 

The  Arg-onaut  is  a  g-ood  paper,  and  one  of  the  best  of  its  class.  It  is 
enterprising-,  it  is  up  to  date,  and  is  grenerlly  anchored  fast  to  g-ood 
taste.  It  has  humor,  plenty  of  it,  and  that  humor  is  clean.  Its  crit- 
icism is  often  excellent,  and  it  covers  many  fields.  In  fact,  the  Arg-o- 
naut is  a  journal  of  which  it  is  possible  to  say  many  pleasant  thing-s, 
and  it  is  conspicuous  in  the  West. — New  York  Tribune. 

Send  for  free  sample  copy,  read  it,  aud  show  it  to  your  friends.     We 
feel  confident  a  perusal  will  convince  you  it  is  just  what  you  want. 
ADDRESS  THE  ARGONAUT  PUBLISHING  CO., 

246  Sutter  St.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


A  California  Education 

The  bound  volumes  of  the  Land  of  Sunshine  make  the  most  interesting 
and  valuable  library  of  the  far  West  ever  printed.  The  illustrations  are  lavish  and 
handsome,  the  text  is  of  a  high  literary  standard,  and  of  recognized  authority  in  its 
field.  There  is  nothing  else  like  this  magazine.  Among  the  thousands  of  publica- 
tions in  the  United  States,  it  is  wholly  unique.  Every  educated  Californian  and 
Westerner  should  have  these  charming  volumes.  They  will  not  long  be  secured  at 
the  present  rates,  for  back  numbers  are  growing  more  and  more  scarce  ;  in  fact  the 
June  number,  1894,  is  already  out  of  the  market. 

GENUINE  54  MOROCCO  PLAIN  LEATHER 

Vols.  1  and    2.  July,  '94  to  May,  '95,  inclusive $3.90 53.40 

3  and    4.  June, '95  to  May, '%,  "         2.65 2.15 

Sand    6.  June, '96  to  May, '97,  "         3.40 2.90 

7  and    8.  June, '97  to  May, '98,  "         2.65.... 2.15 

9  and  10.  June,  '98  to  May,  '99,  "         2.50. 2.00 

11  and  12.  June,  '99  to  May,  '00,  "        2.50 2.00 

13  and  14.  June,  '00  to  June,  '01,  "         2.50 2.00 


''''^J'^^1t^M^^^^'mF^^^^*JtnJd^Jt^'m^%^^tF^^MM^%F^tF^P^^^%^)t^*^^U'M^^t^^r''»f|^F^W^^^^ 


THE  WORLD'S   GREATEST   "TOUCH" 
T^cK'TiNo  THE  SMITH  PREMIER  TYPEWRITER 

USED     EVERYWHERE 

Exclusively  by  the  Southern  Pacific  Co.  "Sunset"  Dept. 
and  Teleg-raphDept. ;  by  over  500  Attorneys  and  220 Banks 
in  California.     Descriptive  Art  Catalog  tie  and  Book  on 
Touch  Typezvritingfree  on  application. 
L.&  M.  ALEXANDER  &  CO.,  Exclusive  Pacific  Coast  Deaiers 


10FMANN,     MGR., 


SAN     FRANCISCO 

PORTLAND  LOS     ANGELES,      CAL 


ROADWAY, 


f^^^J^- 


^:m^- 


LITERATURE 


( 

)UTDr 

)ORS 

WOODS.    FIELDS  AND   MARSHLAND           1 

By  ERNEST  McGAFFEY                                               | 

About  300  pp.,  6x8  inches.     Frontispie 

ce  in  photogravure.     $1.50. 

ENTS 

THE     CONX 

1. 

The  Marshes  in  April                         17. 

Down  the  St.  Joe  River 

2^ 

Plover  Shooting-                                   18. 

Brook-trout  Fishing 

3. 

The  Melancholy  Crane                       19. 

A  Masque  of  the  Seasons 

4. 

Fishing  for  Big--mouth  Bass  ^ 

^     20. 

Wood -chucks 

5. 

Flight  of  Common  Birds 

21. 

Frog  Hunting 

6. 

Fishing  for  Crappie 

22. 

The  Crow's  Wing 

7. 

In  the  Haunts  of  the  Loon 

23. 

Prairie  Chicken  Shooting 

8. 

Blue  Bills  and  Decoys 

24. 

A  Fox  in  the  Meramec  Valley 

9. 

"Walking  as  a  Fine  Art 

25. 

Fall  Jack-snipe  Shooting 

10. 

Fishing  for  Bull-heads 

26. 

In  Dim  October 

11. 

Along  a  Country  Road 

27. 

Ruffed  Grouse 

12. 

Wood-cock  Shooting 

28. 

In  Prairie  Lands 

13. 

Under  the  Green-wood  Tree 

29. 

Hunting  with  Ferrets 

14. 

Pan-lishing 

30. 

The  Bare,  Brown  Fields 

15. 

A  Northern  Nightingale 

31. 

Quail  Shooting 

16. 

Squirrel  Shooting 

32. 

In  Winter  woods 

WK  think  every  reader  of   the   Land  of  Sunshine  will 
be  interested  in    OUTDOORS,    and  we  want  every 
one  to  have  a  cop}^ : 

Because  we  think  every  copy  sold  will  sell  about  three 
copies  more.  We  will  be  jjlad  to  send  to  any  reader  of  the 
Land  of  Sunshine,  a  cop3^  of 

OUTDOORS,  Prepaid,  for  $f.00 

This  offer  i^  made  only  to  the  readers  of  the  Land  of 
Sunshine  and  must  be  accepted  before  July  31st. 


Richard  Q.  Badger  &  Co. 


(  INCORPORATED . 


Tremont  Temple 


BOSTON,  MASS. 


J^^'' 


LITERATURE 


OUR  CLUB  LIST 

OPEN  FOR  THIRTY  DAYS 

For  the  convenience  of  our  subscribers,  old  and  new,  THE  LAND 
OF  SUNSHINE  has  arranged  with  a  number  of  leading:  periodicals  to 
receive  and  forward  subscriptions.  When  ordered  alone,  such  subscrip- 
tions will  be  received  only  at  full  regfular  prices.  In  combination  with 
a  subscription  for  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  (new  or  renewal), 
we  are  able  to  offer  clubbing  rates  which 

WILL  SAVE  YOU  MONEY 

To  make  our  club  list  more  valuable  to  our  readers  we  give  a  very 
brief  statement  concerning  each  magazine — from  its  publishers  where 
quotation  marks  are  used;  in  other  cases  from  one  of  its  readers: 

Thk  Argonaut  "is  a  literary,  political  and  society  weekly,  containing-  vig-orous 
A  merican  Editorials,  striking  Short  Stories,  Art,  Music,  Drama  and  Society 
notes,  by  brilliant  writers."     San  Francisco,  $4.00  a  year. 

With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $4.25. 

The  Dial,  "a  semi-monthly  journal  of  Iviterary  criticism,  discussion  and  infor- 
mation, has  gained  the  solid  respect  of  the  country  as  a  serious  and  impartial 
journal."     Chicago,  $2.00  a  year. 

With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $2.25.    {New  subscrip- 
tion only.) 

The  Public,  "  a  serious  paper  for  serious  people,  is  a  weekly  review  of  history 
in  the  making,  conducted  in  the  spirit  of  Jeffersonian  democracy."  Louis  P. 
Post,  editor.     Chicago,  $1.00  a  year. 

With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $1.50. 

The  Nation  has  for  many  years  held  a  secure  place  among  the  first  half  dozen 
American  magazines.  No  serious  thinker,  once  knowing  it,  can  willingly  do 
without  it.     New  York,  $3.00  a  year. 

With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $3.75. 

The  American  Monthly  Review  of  Reviews  "is  the  one  important  maga- 
zine in  the  world  giving  in  its  pictures,  its  text,  its  contributed  articles,  edi- 
torials and  departments,  a  comprehensive,  timely  record  of  the  world's  current 
history."     New  York,  S2.50  a  year. 

With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $3.00. 

The  LiTERAKY  Digest,  "all  the  periodicals  in  one — all  sides  of  all  important 
questions."     Weekly,  32  pages,  illustrated.     New  York,  $3.00  a  year. 
With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $3.30. 

The  Atlantic  Monthly  "aims  now,  as  always  hitherto,  to  give  expression  to 
the  highest  thought  of  the  whole  country."     Boston,  $4.00  a  year. 
With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $4.23. 

The  Forum — "to  read  it  is  to  keep  in  touch  with  the  best  thought  of  the  day. 
To  be  without  it  is  to  miss  the  best  help  to  clear  thinking."  New  York,  $3.0O 
a  year. 

With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $3.30. 

The  Arena  "presents  from  month  to  month  the  ablest  thoughts  on  the  upper- 
most problems  in  the  public  mind,  discussed  by  the  most  capable  thinkers." 
New  York,  $2.50  a  year. 

With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $2.7^. 

Continued  to  next  page. 


s^^^^^c^ 


LITERATURE 


Mind,  "  the  world's  leading  magazine  of  liberal  and  advanced  thought  ...  on 
science,  philosophy,  religion,  psychology,  metaphysics,  occultism,  etc."  New 
York,  $2.00  a  year. 

With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $2.25. 

The  Living  Age,  "in  each  weekly  number  of  64  pages,  gives  the  most  inter- 
esting and  important  contributions  to  the  periodicals  of  Great  Britain  and  the 
Continent."     Boston,  $6.00  a  year. 

With  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $6.25. 

The  Century,  "the  leading  periodical  of  the  world,  will  make  its  most  striking 
feature  for  1901  the  unexampled  abundance  and  variety  of  its  fiction."  New 
York,  $4.00  a  year. 

With  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $4.50. 

St.  NiCHOirAS — "No  one  who  does  not  see  it  can  realize  what  an  interesting  mag- 
azine it  is  and  how  exquisitely  it  is  illustrated ;  it  is  a  surprise  to  young  and 
old."     New  York,  $3.00  a  year. 

With  THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $3.50. 

Harper's  Monthi^y — "The  strongest  serials,  the  best  short  stories,  the  best 
descriptive  and  most  timely  special  articles,  the  keenest  literary  reviews,  and 
the  finest  illustrations  in  both  black-and-white  and  color."  New  York,  $4.00 
a  year. 

With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $4.25.      Either  Har- 
per's Bazaar  or  Harper's  Weeki^y  can  be  supplied  at  the  same  price. 

The  Wori^d's  Work — "Is  a  new  kind  of  magazine.  .  .  .  Its  articles  are  about 
practical  subjects,  living  men,  and  what  they  do  ;  our  own  country,  its  progress 
and  its  place  among  the  nations."     New  York,  $3.00  a  year. 
With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $3.23. 

Lippincott's  "  IS  distinguished  from  all  other  magazines  by  a  complete  novel  in 
each  number,  besides  many  short  stories,  light  papers,  travel,  humor  and 
poetry  by  noted  authors."     Philadelphia,  $2.50  a  year. 

With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $2.75. 

McCivURE's  Magazine — "  Among  many  noticeable  features  will  be  Rudyard  Kip- 
ling's new  novel  "  Kim,"  the  best  work  he  has  ever  produced  ;  "  New  Dolly 
Dialogues,"  by  Anthony  Hope  ;  a  drama  by  Elizabeth  Stuart  Phelps-Ward,  and 
unusually  interesting  historical  articles."     New  York,  $1.00. 
With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $1,73. 

The  Youth's  Companion,  "every  Thursday  in  the  year  for  every  member  of 
the  family."     Boston,  $1.75  a  year. 

With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  $2.23.   {New  subscrip- 
tion only.) 

Modern  Cui^Ture,  "a  continual  feast  tor  lovers  of  fiction,  but  fiction  is  not  the 
only  or  the  chief  attraction  of  this  magazine  to  thoughtful  readers."  Cleve- 
land, $1.00  a  year. 

With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  Jor  $1.30. 

Success  "is  a  monthly  home  magazine  of  inspiration,  progress  and  self-help." 
New  York,  $1.00  a  year. 

With   THE  LAND  OF  SUNSHINE  one  year  for  S/.73. 


If  you  are  in  the  habit  of  subscribing  for  several  magazines,  the 
combination  offers  on  the  next  page  will  interest  you.  If  not,  this  is 
a  good  time  to  get  into  the  habit. 

The  Land  of  Sunshine  Publishing  Co., 

Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
Continued  to  next  page. 


LITERATURE 


FEASTS  OF  GOOD  READING  AT  FAMINE  PRICES. 

Review  of  Reviews  (new),  Current  Literature,  World's  Work 
and  Land  of  Sunshine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $9.50.     O UR  CL UB  RA  TE,  $4, 75. 

Cosmopolitan,  McClure's,    Review  op  Reviews  (new).   Land  of 
Sunshine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $5.50,     O UR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $3.  js. 

McClure's,    Review    of    Reviews   (new),  Current    Literature, 
Land  of  Sunshine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $7.50.     O UR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $4.50. 

Lippincott's,  Review  of  Reviews    (new).   Current  Literature, 
Land  of  Sunshine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $9. 00.     O UR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $3.50. 

Success,  Cosmopolitan,  McClure's,  World's  Work,  Land  of  Sun- 
shine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $7.00.     OUR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $4.25. 

Public  Opinion  (new).  Success,  Review  of  Reviews  (new).  Cosmo- 
politan, Land  of  Sunshine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $8.00.     OUR  CLUB  RA  TE,  $4.00. 

Current  Literature,  McClure's,    Success,  Review  of  Reviews 
(new).  Cosmopolitan,  Land  of  Sunshine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $0.50.     OUR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $5.00. 

The  Dial,  The  Arena,  Lipincott's,  Harpers,  Land  of  Sunshine 
REGULAR  PRICE,  $12.00.     OUR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $g.oo. 

Atlantic  Monthly,  Harper's,  Century,  Review  of  Reviews  (new), 
Current  Literature,  Land  of  Sunshine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $18.50.     O UR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $13.50. 

Scribner's,  The  Nation,  The  Dial   (new),  Current  Literature 
Review  of  Reviews  (new).  Land  of  Sunshine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $14.50.     O UR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $10.50. 

The  Argonaut,  Harper's,  Current  Literature,  Review  of  Re- 
views (new).  Land  of  Sunshine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $14.50.     O UR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $10. 00. 

St  Nicholas,  Youth's  Companion  (new).  Land  of  Sunshine. 

REGULAR  PRICE,  $5. 75.     O UR  CL  UB  RA  TE,  $4. 75. 

If  you  do  not  find  just  the  combination  you  would  like  among  these 
named,  write  us  just  what  you  want  and  we  will  probably  be  able 
to  name  a  satisfactory  price. 

Full  remittance  must  accompany  all  orders. 

The  Land  of  Sunshine  Publishing  Co., 


w 


Trade-Mark  Registered. 


ILL  develop  or  reduce 
aoy  part  of  the  bod) ; 

A  Perfect  Complexion  Beaatifler     ! 

and  I 

Remover  of  Wrinkles 

Dr.  John  Wilson  Gibbs' 

THE  ONLY 

Electric  Massage  Roller 

(Patented  United  Stales,  Kurope  ' 
Canada.) 
"  tts  work  it  not  confined  to  tht  | 
face  alone,  but  will  do  good  to  an] 
part  of  the  body  to  which  it  i*  ap 
plied,  developing  or  reducing  as  desired.  It  is  a  very  prett} 
addition  to  the  toilet-Uble."— Chicago  Tribune. 

"This  delicate  Electric  Beautifler  removes  all  facial  blemishes  I 
[t  is  the  only  positive  remover  of  wrinkles  and  crow's-feet      Ii 
sever  fails  to  perform  all  that  is  expected."— Chicago  Times 
aerald. 

"The  Electric  Roller  is  certainly  productive  of  good  reaolts 
[  believe  it  the  best  of  any  appliancea     It  is  safe  and  effective  ' 
— Haskibt  Httbbabd  Ana,  New  York  World. 

For  Massage  and  Curative  Purposes 

hn  Electric  Roller  in  all  the  term  implies.     The  invention  of  i  | 
physician  and  electrician  known  throughout  this  country  an<  i 
Burope.     A   most  perfect  complexion  beautifler      Will  removi  1 
wrinkles,  "crow's-feet"  (premature  or  from  age),  and  all  facia 
blemishes— POSITIVE.    Whenever  electricity  is  to  be  used  fo)  I 
massaging  or  curative  purposes,  it  has  no  equal.     No  chanting 
Will  last  forever      Always  ready  for  use  on  ALL  PARTS  OF  THl 
BODY,  for  all  diseases.      For  Rheumatism,  Sciatica,  Neuralgia,; 
Nervous  and  Circulatory  Diseases,  a  specific      The  profeiisiona 
itanding  of  the  inventor  (you  are  referred  to  the  public  pret« 
tor  the  past  fifteen  years),  with   the   approval   of  this    oountr;  ; 
snd    Europe,   is   a  perfest  guarantee.      PRICE  :    Gold,   $4  (X) 
Silver,   |8.(X).     By   mail,   or  at  office  of  Oibbs'Company,  137) 
Bbo*.dwat,  Niw  Yobs.    Circular  free  .  The  Only  I 

Electric  Roller,  j 
All  others         '  | 
so  called  are     | 
Fraudulent 
Imitations. 


Copyright. 
"  Can  take  a  pound  a 
day  off  a  patient,  or  put 
it  on."— New  York  Sun, 
Aug.  80,  1891.  Send  for 
lecture  on  "Great  Inh- 
JectofFat."    NO  DIETINO,    NO  HARD  WORK.    [Copyrisht 

Dr.  John  Wilson  Gibbs'  Obesity  Cure 
For  the  Permanent  Reduction  and  Cure  of  Obesity 

Punely  Vegetable.  Harmless  and  PosiUve.  NO  FAILURE.  Youi 
reduction  is  assured— reduced  to  stay.  One  month  s  treatraem 
»5  (X)  Mail,  or  office,  1870  Broadway,  New  York  "On  obeeity 
Dr   (Jibbs  is  a  recogniied  authority.— N.  Y   Press,  18«»." 

REDUCTION  GUARANTEED 

"The  core  U  based  on  Nature's  laws."- New  York  HeraUi 
Julys,  1898. 


Stamp  and  coin  jfuide,  two  books,  postpaid  for 
10  cents.  C.  D.  Myers  &  Son,  Dept.  "D",  151fe 
Madison  Ave.,  New  York.  | 

LEARTPiSSliJrKiNG 

=ATHOME== 

We  arej)fTerink'  a  coiuplete  cour.se  on  Dressniak- 
inir,  Ciittinir  and  Draftintr,  formerVy  tauKlitat 
$I5.U0.  So  simple,  a  child  can  understand.  Our 
book  of  instructions  complete  will  be  ttiailed  on 
receipt  of  $1.00. 

IMPERIU  CO..  Box  4432.  Philadelphia 

IMPROVED, 


DR.  GUNN'S 


LIVER 
PILLS! 


CiTKFs  Sick  Headache  by  remov- 
insr  the  cause.  Cukks  Dy.spepsia  by 
aiding-  digestion.  Clears  the  Com- 
plexion by  purifying  the  blood. 

ONLY  ONE  FOR  A  DOSE. 

These  Pills  act  quickly  on  the  bowels,  removinjf 
the  i>eslilent  matter,  stimulates  the  liver  into 
action,  creatintr  a  healthy  digestion,  curincr  dys- 
l>epsia  and  sour  sioitiacn.  For  pimply,  pale  or 
salU)w  people,  they  impart  to  the  lace  that 
wholesome  look  that  indicates  health.  Sold  by 
drujrjrists  or  by  mail.   25c.  a  box.   Samples  free 


When  buying 


KNOXS 

GELATINE 


speak   the  name  KNOX   plainly. 

This  is  important  because  unfair 
competitors  take  similar  names  to 
trade  on  my  reputation.  Remem- 
ber, please,  that  KNOX  is  spelled 

K=N=0=X 

and  that  my  gelatine  is  perfection. 
Its  transparency  proves  its  purity. 
It  is  granulated  —  measure  with  a 
spoon  like  sugar, 

I  WILL  MAIL   FREE 

my  book  of  seventy  "  Dainty  Desserts  for 
Dainty  People,"  if  you  will  send  the  name 
of  your  grocer.  If  you  can't  do  this,  send 
a  two-cent  stamp. 

For  50.  in  stamps,  the  book  and  full  pint 
sample.  For  15c.  the  book  and  full  two- 
quart  package  (two  for  25c.) 

K.ach   large  package  contains    pink 
color  for  fancy  desserts. 

A  larpe  pack.age  of  Knox's  Gela- 
tine will  make  two  quarts  (a  half 
gallon)  of  jelly. 

CHAS.  B.  KNOX, 

23  Knox  Avenue, 
Johnstown, 

N.  Y. 


MISCELLANEOUS 


for  Your  Pet  Negative 

There  is    a  Perfection  and  Quality  about  the   Famous 

BRADLEY    PLATINUM    PAPER 

which  justly  makes  k  ^^  Without  a  Rival/'  It  bears  the 
maker's  guarantee,  and  is  sold  only  by  first-class  dealers 
in  photo  supplies,  which  is  a  double  guarantee.    ^  ^  ^ 

Manufactured  only  by 

JOHN    BRADLEY,    Chemist,    PHILADELPHIA 


Sturtevant's  Camp.... 

OPEN 


to  campers  and  vis- 
itors. 


Ten  miles  from 
Sierra  Mad  re  by 
an  easy  and  sce= 
nic  burro  trail. 


The  Camp  is  by  the 
side  of  pure  waters, 
in  the  heart  of 
the  forest-covered 
mountains. 


Board  for  two,  includingr  furnished  tent,  $14.00  a  week.    Board  and  furnished  tent  for 
one,  $8.00  a  week.    Furnished  tents,  etc.,  for  rent  without  board. 

For  further  information  secure  booklet  in  advertising-  rack  of  any  Los  Angeles  Hotel, 
or  call  at  Tourists'  Information  Bureau,  207  W.  Third  St.,  I^os  Ang-eles,  or  at  Morg-an's 
Stables,  44  S.  Raymond  Ave.,  Pasadena, 
or  Phone  Main  31,  Sierra  Madre. 


m-Si"  ~'.^i'' 

fi^ 

fes^l^ 

W.  M.  STURTEVANT 


CREATES  A  PERFECT  COMPLEXION 
^^^^^^  Mrs.  Qraham's 

ivEiis'^v.^Br^^^         Cucumber  and  Eldei 


Flower  Cream 


It  cleanses,  whitens  and  beautifies  the  skii 
feeds  and  nourishes  skin  tissues,  thus  banisl 
ing-  wrinkles.  It  is  harmless  as  dew,  and  s 
nourishing  to  the  skin  as  dew  is  to  the  flowe 
Price  $1.00  at  drug-g-ists  and  agents,  or  sei 
anywhere  prepaid.  Sample  bottle,  10  cent 
A  handsome  book,  "  How  to  be  Beautiful, 
free. 


MRS.    GRAHAM'S    CACTICO     HAIR     GROWEI 

TO    MAKE    HIS    HAIR   GROW,    AND 

QUICK    HAIR    RESTORER 

TO   KESTORK   THE   COLOR. 

Both  g-uaranteed  harmless  as  water.  Sold  by  best  Drug^gists,  or  sent  in  plain  sealed  wrapper  1 
express,  prepaid.    Price,  WI.OO  each.    For  sale  by  all  Druffg-ists  and  Hairdealers. 

Send  for  FBEB  BOOK:  "A  Confidential  Chat  with  Bald  Headed,  Thin  Haired  and  Gray  Hain 
Men  and  Women."    Good  Ajfents  wanted. 

REDINGTON  &  CO.,  San  Francisco,  Gen.  Pacific  Coast  Agents. 

MBS.  GERVAISE  GRAHAM,  1261  Michigan  Ave.,  Chioag 
MRS.    WEAVER-JACRSON,   Hair  Stores   and   Toilet   Parlors,    318  S.  Spring  St..   liOS  Ai 
geles.     82  Fair  Oaks  Ave.,  cor.  Green  St.,  Pasadena. 


(i<^«f:(i^«(;«»;t^ti(^(^^«(iir«««^(^^Sr&«^««^«^«««(iC^(i^C^«^«^€^««^«(i€^C:  (;««:(«<' 


BAKER'S 
BREAKFAST 

COCOA. 


^'^:^i5j^^ 


'^^""^W^ 


"KNOWN   THE  WORLD  OVER"  ^^ 
HAS  RECEIVED  THE  HIGHEST  ENDORSEMENTS 
FROM  THE  MEDICAL  PRACTITIONER,  THE  NURSE 
AND  THE  INTELHOENT  HOUSEKEEPER  AND  CATERER 

WALTER  BAKER  &  CO.  Limited 

e»TABLISHED  I7AO      OORCHESTIR.MASS 
•  GOLD  MEDAL,  PARIS  lOOO* 


A  CreOLin  of  Tartar  Powdei 

Ture 

Royal  possesses  qualities  pecu- 
liar to  itself  which  make  it  the 
most  useful,  efficient  and  whole- 
some of  all  the  baking  powders. 

Reject  alum  Baking   Powder*  —  They  impair 
healthfulness  of  tlie  food.